DOCSLIB.ORG

On Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the [Australian] Constitution - a Belated Homage Or Yet Another Swindle ? by George Venturini *

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the [Australian] Constitution - a Belated Homage Or Yet Another Swindle ? by George Venturini * On Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the [Australian] Constitution - a belated homage or yet another swindle ? by George Venturini * 11 June, 2012 Countercurrents.org “There are two issues that will manifest our maturity: first, proper constitutional recognition of the first people; second, independence from the regal pantomime in England.” Peter Gebhardt, 1936 - , poet and former County Court Judge in Melbourne The learned Judge got it right, but not in the correct sequence. To do anything seriously about respecting the Indigenous Peoples of what is now Australia, the country must become a republic. And there is the rub. The Judge was writing on the occasion of Australia Day [2011], “that artificial and trumped-up celebration, the excuse for manufactured emotion, [which] should force us to look closely at our history and the truths of that history vis-à-vis the Aboriginal population and the brutal facts of that history.” And, for good measure, he went on: “... a history we have refused to acknowledge, to understand and to negotiate, all to our historical detriment. Succeeding hordes of imprinters do not know and do not want to know. The triumphalism of Australia Day is tainted by the tragedy of ignorance and imposed ignominy.” On 8 November 2010 Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced the establishment of an Expert Panel to consult on the best possible options for a constitutional amendment on recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to be put to a referendum. The Prime Minister stated: “The first peoples of our nation have a unique and special place in our nation. We have a once-in-50-year opportunity for our country.” 2 The Panel’s terms of reference provided for it to report to the Government on possible options for constitutional change, including advice as to the level of support from Indigenous Peoples and the broader community for each option, by December 2011. In November 2007 Prime Minister John Howard, in one last opportunistic electoral manoeuvre, had announced his support for recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in a new preamble to the Constitution. On 24 November 2007 Howard’s Liberal [conservative] Party lost the election which brought to office the Kevin Rudd/Julia Gillard Labor government, formed on 3 December. On 23 July 2008 the Commonwealth Government conducted a community Cabinet meeting in eastern Arnhem Land. Prime Minister Rudd was presented with a Statement of Intent on behalf of Yolngu and Bininj clans living in Yirrkala, Gunyangara, Gapuwiyak, Maningrida, Galiwin’ku, Milingimbi, Ramingining and Laynhapuy homelands - approximately 8,000 Aboriginal people in Arnhem Land. The ensuing communiqué argued that the right to maintain culture and identity and to protect land and sea estates were preconditions for economic and community development in remote communities. The communiqué called on the Government “to work towards constitutional recognition of our prior ownership and rights.” Receiving the communiqué, the Prime Minister pledged his support for recognition of Indigenous Peoples in the Constitution. On 24 June 2010 Ms. Gillard toppled Rudd from the prime ministership. On 21 August 2010 new elections followed, for which the Australian Labor Party formulated a policy proposing that “constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples would be an important step in strengthening the relationship between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians, and building trust.” A Gillard Labor Government would establish an Expert Panel on Indigenous Constitutional Recognition comprising Indigenous leaders, representatives from across the federal Parliament, constitutional law experts and members of the broader Australian community. The Opposition, too, had a ‘Plan for real action for Indigenous Australians’. The plan was very similar to that of the Government and provided that the Coalition [of the Liberal and National parties] would encourage public discussion and debate about the proposed change, and seek bipartisan support for a referendum to be put to the Australian people at the 2013 election. The Australian Labor Party was re-elected, albeit without a majority. Ms. Gillard was confirmed as Prime Minister of a minority government. In September 2010 agreements were reached by the Gillard minority government with the Australian Greens and three Independent members to hold a referendum “during the [life of the current] 3 Parliament or at the next election on Indigenous constitutional recognition and recognition of local government in the Constitution.” On 23 December 2010 the Prime Minister announced the membership of the Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians. The Panel comprised persons from Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities and organisations, small and large business, community leaders, academics, and members of Parliament from across the political spectrum. Membership was drawn from all States and Territories, cities and country areas. The members of the Panel would serve in an independent capacity. Throughout 2011 the Panel was supported by an executive officer, a media adviser and the Indigenous Constitutional Recognition Secretariat in the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. The Panel met throughout 2011: in Canberra in February, October and November, Melbourne in March, July and December, and in Sydney in May and September; it also conducted much of its work out of session. The process required: • the building of a general community consensus; • the central involvement of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people; and • the collaboration with Parliamentarians from across the political spectrum. The Expert Panel was to report by December 2011. In performing its role, the Panel was to: • lead a broad national consultation and community engagement programme to seek the views of a wide spectrum of the community, including from those who live in rural and regional areas; • work closely with organisations, such as the Australian Human Rights Commission, the National Congress of Australia’s First Peoples and Reconciliation Australia who have existing expertise and engagement in relation to the issue; and • raise awareness about the importance of Indigenous constitutional recognition including by identifying and supporting ambassadors who will generate broad public awareness and discussion. The Panel was to have regard to: 4 • key issues raised by the community in relation to Indigenous constitutional recognition; • the form of constitutional change and approach to a referendum likely to obtain widespread support; • the implications of any proposed changes to the Constitution; and • advice from constitutional law experts. At its second meeting in Melbourne in March 2011 the Panel agreed on four principles to guide its assessment of proposals for constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, namely that each proposal was to: • contribute to a more unified and reconciled nation; • be of benefit to and accord with the wishes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples; • be capable of being supported by an overwhelming majority of Australians from across the political and social spectra; and • be technically and legally sound. In its consideration of options for constitutional recognition, the Panel was strictly guided by these four principles. The Panel worked closely with organisations such as the National Congress of Australia’s First Peoples, Reconciliation Australia and the Australian Human Rights Commission. Congress undertook a number of surveys of its members in relation to recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution. Reconciliation Australia undertook activities to complement the work of the Panel. These included contributing content to the Panel’s website, appointing ambassadors and facilitating public meetings. In May 2011 the Panel published and had distributed a discussion paper, A National Conversation about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Constitutional Recognition. The discussion paper identified seven ideas intended to provide a starting point for conversation with the public envisaged by the Panel, but in no way to limit the scope of proposals which might have been raised through the consultation and submissions process. The Panel set up an interactive website providing an online presence, involved social media including Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr, Tumblr and a blog feed, and published all submissions on the website unless confidentiality had been requested. The Panel engaged a media adviser to develop a media strategy to inform the public as widely as possible. The strategy included arranging features and opinion pieces, television and radio talkback programmes, and speeches at various events. 5 Between May and October 2011 the Panel conducted a broad national consultation programme, which included public meetings, individual discussions, presentations at festivals and other events, the website, and a formal public submissions process. State and local office contacts of the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, and other contacts developed lists for each consultation. In developing such lists the Panel concentrated on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders, business leaders, community leaders, leaders of organisations with Reconciliation Action Plans, and faith-based leaders. The consultation schedule
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Better Indigenous Policies: the Role of Evaluation
    Better Indigenous Policies: The Role of Evaluation Roundtable Proceedings Canberra, 22–23 October 2012 Commonwealth of Australia 2013 ISBN 978-1-74037-433-0 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the Productivity Commission. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Media and Publications (see below). This publication is available from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications. Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: (03) 9653 2244 Fax: (03) 9653 2303 Email: [email protected] General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2013, Better Indigenous Policies: The Role of Evaluation, Roundtable Proceedings, Productivity Commission, Canberra. The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range of economic, social and environmental issues affecting the welfare of Australians. Its role, expressed most simply, is to help governments make better policies, in the long term interest of the Australian community. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by concern for the wellbeing of the community as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Trevor Stockley
    Trevor Stockley Aboriginal Languages Teacher 18/1/2012 Dear Committee Secretary, I write to you regarding the future directions of the Senate inquiry into the provisions of the Social Security Legislation Amendment Bill 2011, the Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory Bill 2011 and the Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2011. Summary My concerns are primarily in the areas of Indigenous bi/multilingual education and the future use and health of the unique, intergenerational, Australian Aboriginal languages remaining in the Northern Territory. Of equal concern is the collateral damage, including the crucial loss of trust, caused through Intervention actions by both the Commonwealth and Northern Territory (NT) governments. This is linked with the Aboriginal viewpoint that the Government has failed to conduct a respectful, honest and proper consultation process with NT Aboriginal communities, compounded by the faulty reporting of evaluations in the production of the Stronger Futures policy document. History has shown that allowing the States to set and play out Indigenous policy, has ensured that Indigenous Australians today have - lower levels of good health, higher rates of incarceration in gaols, higher rates of infant mortality and a lower life expectancy than non-Indigenous Australians. This approach has also guaranteed that the majority of Aboriginal and Torres Straits Islanders in Australia no longer speak their Indigenous languages, today speaking English as their first language. We now know the devastating consequences of this loss of language and destruction of culture. Although the Australian government was entrusted by all Australians in the 1967 Referendum with law making powers for Indigenous Australians, it is doing no better than the State and NT governments and possibly, with this obtuse policy, even worse.
    [Show full text]
  • Than One Way to Catch a Frog: a Study of Children's
    More than one way to catch a frog: A study of children’s discourse in an Australian contact language Samantha Disbray Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics University of Melbourne December, 2008 Declaration This is to certify that: a. this thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD b. due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all material used c. the text is less than 100,000 words, exclusive of tables, figures, maps, examples, appendices and bibliography ____________________________ Samantha Disbray Abstract Children everywhere learn to tell stories. One important aspect of story telling is the way characters are introduced and then moved through the story. Telling a story to a naïve listener places varied demands on a speaker. As the story plot develops, the speaker must set and re-set these parameters for referring to characters, as well as the temporal and spatial parameters of the story. To these cognitive and linguistic tasks is the added social and pragmatic task of monitoring the knowledge and attention states of their listener. The speaker must ensure that the listener can identify the characters, and so must anticipate their listener’s knowledge and on-going mental image of the story. How speakers do this depends on cultural conventions and on the resources of the language(s) they speak. For the child speaker the development narrative competence involves an integration, on-line, of a number of skills, some of which are not fully established until the later childhood years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report Into Youth Suicide in the Northern Territory
    LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY 11th Assembly Select Committee on Youth Suicides in the NT Gone Too Soon: A Report into Youth Suicide in the Northern Territory COMMITTEE REPORT Presented and ordered to be printed by the March 2012 Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory March 2012 Contents Contents Chair’s Preface......................................................................................................................... ii Committee Members .............................................................................................................. iv Committee Secretariat ............................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. v Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................ vi Terms of Reference .............................................................................................................. viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ x Recommendations ............................................................................................................... xiii 1. CONDUCT OF THE INQUIRY ............................................................................... 1 2. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Snaicc News Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care
    snaicc news Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care www.snaicc.asn.au MAY 2012 Celebrating 25 years of National Aboriginal and Islander Children’s Day See pages 22 and 24 NT peak body begins journey down new path The new peak body for Aboriginal and NT; play a role in finding solutions This family Torres Strait Islander children, youth to the tragically high suicide rate of history has and families in the NT is ready to take Aboriginal children, particularly girls, fuelled Josie’s on the enormous challenges ahead. in remote communities; and work to pursuit of equality ensure that Aboriginal children placed and social justice The peak body, Stronger Aboriginal in out-of-home care maintain a link to for Aboriginal Families Together — or SAF,T their family, community and culture. people at the (pronounced safety) — has become local, national and international fully incorporated, moved into its own Darwin-born Josie Crawshaw (pictured) levels including serving as ATSIC premises in Darwin and is transitioning is a Gurindji woman and a member Commissioner for the Top End, as chair from its auspiced arrangement with of a large extended local family with and founding member of the Top End Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance NT. sporting, business and political links. Aboriginal Coalition, and working on Josie’s mother, the late Nawala (Daisy) SAF,T’s inaugural CEO Josie Crawshaw the development of the UN’s Declaration Ruddick, was taken from her family at said the peak body’s management board on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Limbunyah Station, 750kms south-west had identified a number of priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents What’S New
    July / August, No. 4/2011 CONTENTS WHAT’S NEW Quandamooka Native Title Determination ............................... 2 Win a free registration to the Joint Management Workshop at the 2011 National Native 2012 Native Title Conference! Title Conference: ‘What helps? What harms?’ ........................ 4 Just take 5 minutes to complete our An extract from Mabo in the Courts: Islander Tradition to publications survey and you will go into the Native Title: A Memoir ............................................................... 5 draw to win a free registration to the 2012 QLD Regional PBC Meeting ...................................................... 6 Native Title Conference. Those who have What’s New ................................................................................. 6 already completed the survey will be automatically included. Recent Cases ............................................................................. 6 Legislation and Policy ............................................................. 12 Complete the survey at: Native Title Publications ......................................................... 13 http://www.tfaforms.com/208207 Native Title in the News ........................................................... 14 If you have any questions or concerns, please Indigenous Land Use Agreements (ILUAs) ........................... 20 contact Matt O’Rourke at the Native Title Research Unit on (02) 6246 1158 or Determinations ......................................................................... 21 [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesisadobe
    Difficult Knowledge and Uncomfortable Pedagogies: student perceptions and experiences of teaching and learning in Critical Indigenous Australian Studies Marcelle Townsend-Cross (BA, SCU; MEd, UTS) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney 2018 ii Certificate of Original Authorship I, Marcelle Townsend-Cross declare that this thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney. This thesis is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. This document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Signature: Production Note: Signature removed prior to publication. Date: 26th February 2018 iii Acknowledgements I owe my gratitude to the teachers and students who generously agreed to participate in my research. Their courageous and candid contributions provided rich and compelling insights that positively shaped my research in immeasurable ways. I am very grateful to Dr. Rick Flowers who expertly guided me through the research process with enthusiasm, mindfulness and patience. I am so very grateful and privileged to have been a recipient of the Jumbunna Postgraduate Research Scholarship. Many people have inspired and encouraged me throughout my candidature – family, friends and colleagues - and I am humbled by your consistent and persistent belief in me, especially during the times when I didn’t particularly believe in myself, thank you.
    [Show full text]
  • 120206-Submission-APO NT Stronger Futures Sub-Senate-Final
    Submission to the Senate Community Affairs Committee Inquiry into the Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory Bill 2011 and two related bills Aboriginal Peak Organisations Northern Territory [APO NT] February 2012 1 Contents Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................4 1. IntroDuction.............................................................................................................................11 2. Ten Year Sunset Period ...........................................................................................................12 3. LanD Reform ............................................................................................................................12 4. Income Management - General Concerns ..............................................................................12 5. Income Management- Powers of referral ..............................................................................13 Part 1 – State/territory referrals..............................................................................................13 Safeguarding better decision making ......................................................................................15 Ensuring consistent and procedurally fair administration of income management................16 Item 10 - Unwritten law and exercise of executive power......................................................17 Item 15 - Deductable portion – Subdivision DAA – section 123XPAA(3).................................17
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-01190-7
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-01190-7 - Native Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective Peter Sutton Index More information Index Aboriginal Land Act 1991 (Queensland) 18, Burketown 5 133, 211 bush tucker 28 Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Commonwealth) xiv, xv, 10, 18, 86, Campbell, Lyle 163 107, 108–9, 147, 191 Cape Keerweer 75, 127, 130, 165 Aboriginal Law and laws xvi, 21, 22–3, 25–6, Cape Melville (case) 6, 211, 223 32–7, 112–16 Cape York Peninsula 2, 3, 17, 18, 51, 58, 59, agnates 198 61, 71, 73, 75, 79, 80, 107, 113, 123, 127, Alpher, Barry 163 133, 156, 164, 165 Altman, Jon 29 Central Australia 50 ambilineal descent 196–9 Central Land Council 86 Amunturrngu (Mount Liebig) people 61 Chase, Athol 227 ancestors 190 ‘clans’ 39–40, 41–2, 46, 49, 51, 99, 152, Anderson, Christopher 2, 58 155–6, 157 Antakirinya people 61 codification and native title 16, 18 anthropology cognatic descent groups 198, 208, 209, 210, and Aboriginal land tenure xviii, 38–9, 52, 212, 213, 214–15, 220–1, 226–31 53, 55, 57–9, 61–2, 80, 85–6, 87–8, 91, composition 219 137–8, 145–6, 178 stratification 224 and Aboriginal localism 90–2 structure 217–18 of Aboriginal regions 91, 92–4 surname groups 225–6 and land claims 85–6, 87–8 transformations in local organisations 222–4 and regional studies 91, 94–7 collective land rights 27–9 writing 171–2 ‘communities’, Aboriginal xix, 42, 67, 98–109 Arnhem Land 21, 50, 71, 72, 74, 75, 104, 116, complementary filiation 194–6 127, 149, 164 conjoint succession 6 Arrernte people 50, 91 contingent
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Abstracts
    Keynote Abstracts Referential functions and the construction of prominence profiles Professor Petra Schumacher, University of Cologne (Monday, Dec 10th, 2 pm, H2-16) Referential expressions are essential ingredients for information processing. Speakers use particular referential forms to convey different discourse functions and thus shape the 'prominence profile' that organizes referents in discourse representation. The prominence profile, i.e. the ranking of the referential candidates, feeds into expectations for upcoming discourse referents and interacts with the choice of referential forms (e.g., less informative referential forms are more likely to refer to more prominent referents). The prominence profile can further be changed as discourse unfolds, i.e. certain referential expressions such as demonstratives can raise the prominence status of their referents. The talk discusses various cues that contribute to the dynamic construction of prominence profiles and presents evidence for the different referential functions from behavioral and event-related potential studies. Manifestations of complexity in grammar and discourse Professor Walter Bisang, University of Mainz (Wednesday, Dec 12th, 9 am, H2-16) Linguistic discussions on complexity come in various shades. Some models are based on cognitive costs and difficulty of acquisition, others look at the properties of the form by which grammatical distinctions are expressed and connected, yet another group of linguists focus on recursion and merge and, finally, complexity can be measured in terms of algorithmic information theory. What is common to the above approaches is their concentration on linguistic form. In my presentation, I argue that form is only one side of complexity. If one looks at complexity from the perspective of the two competing motivations of explicitness vs.
    [Show full text]
  • 30 Years On: Royal Commission Into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody Recommendations Remain Unimplemented T
    30 YEARS ON: ROYAL COMMISSION INTO ABORIGINAL DEATHS IN CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS REMAIN UNIMPLEMENTED T. ANTHONY, K. JORDAN, T. WALSH, F. MARKHAM, AND M. WILLIAMS Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research ANU College of Arts & Social Sciences CAEPR WORKING PAPER NO. 140/2021 Series note The Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR) undertakes high-quality, independent research to further the social and economic development and empowerment of Indigenous people throughout Australia. For more than 30 years, CAEPR has aimed to combine academic and teaching excellence on Indigenous economic and social development and public policy with realism, objectivity and relevance. CAEPR maintains a substantial publications program, including Research Monographs, Discussion Papers, Working Papers and Topical Issues. The CAEPR Working Paper series exists to disseminate preliminary research findings, to share ideas about a topic, or to elicit discussion and feedback. All Working Papers are subject to internal peer review. All CAEPR publications are available in electronic format for free download from CAEPR’s website: caepr.cass.anu.edu.au CAEPR is located within the Research School of Social Sciences in the College of Arts & Social Sciences at the Australian National University (ANU). The Centre is funded from a range of sources, including ANU, the Australian Research Council, industry and philanthropic partners, and Australian state and territory governments. As with all CAEPR publications, the views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not reflect any official CAEPR position. Professor Tony Dreise Director, CAEPR Research School of Social Sciences College of Arts & Social Sciences Australian National University, April 2021 Front cover image: Terry Ngamandarra Wilson, Gulach (detail), painting on bark, private collection © Terry Ngamandarra, licensed by Viscopy, 2016 Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research caepr.cass.anu.edu.au Working Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • National Native Title Tribunal
    NATIONAL NATIVE TITLE TRIBUNAL ANNUAL REPORT 1996/97 ANNUAL REPORT 1996/97 CONTENTS Letter to Attorney-General 1 Table of contents 3 Introduction – President’s Report 5 Tribunal values, mission, vision 9 Corporate overview – Registrar’s Report 10 Corporate goals Goal One: Increase community and stakeholder knowledge of the Tribunal and its processes. 19 Goal Two: Promote effective participation by parties involved in native title applications. 25 Goal Three: Promote practical and innovative resolution of native title applications. 30 Goal Four: Achieve recognition as an organisation that is committed to addressing the cultural and customary concerns of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. 44 Goal Five: Manage the Tribunal’s human, financial, physical and information resources efficiently and effectively. 47 Goal Six: Manage the process for authorising future acts effectively. 53 Regional Overviews 59 Appendices Appendix I: Corporate Directory 82 Appendix II: Other Relevant Legislation 84 Appendix III: Publications and Papers 85 Appendix IV: Staffing 89 Appendix V: Consultants 91 Appendix VI: Freedom of Information 92 Appendix VII: Internal and External Scrutiny, Social Justice and Equity 94 Appendix VIII: Audit Report & Notes to the Financial Statements 97 Appendix IX: Glossary 119 Appendix X: Compliance index 123 Index 124 National Native Title Tribunal 3 ANNUAL REPORT 1996/97 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISSN 1324-9991 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes if an acknowledgment of the source is included. Such use must not be for the purposes of sale or commercial exploitation. Subject to the Copyright Act, reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission in any form by any means of any part of the work other than for the purposes above is not permitted without written permission.
    [Show full text]