DOCSLIB.ORG

Feasibility Study on Options to Step up EU Action Against Deforestation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Feasibility Study on Options to Step up EU Action Against Deforestation Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation PART I: Background analysis: scale and trends of global deforestation and assessment of EU contribution and PART II: A potential EU initiative on deforestation: Possible interventions FINAL REPORT Written by COWI A/S January – 2018 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against de- forestation PART I BACKGROUND ANALYSIS AND SETTING THE SCENE: SCALE AND TRENDS OF GLOBAL DEFORESTATION AND ASSESSMENT OF EU CONTRIBUTION FINAL REPORT Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) LEGAL NOTICE The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission's behalf may be held respon- sible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-80227-0 doi:10.2779/97793 KH-04-18-199-EN-N © European Union, 2018 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation – PART I ABSTRACT This study explores the feasibility of options to step up EU action against deforesta- tion. Its results are presented in two reports: 'Part I: Background analysis and setting the scene: scale and trends of global deforestation and assessment of EU contribution' and 'Part II: A potential EU initiative on deforestation: possible interventions'. Part I analyses recent global and regional trends in deforestation and the linkages with the production and consumption of twelve key Forest Risk Commodities, with a focus on the role of the EU and its impacts. Further, the study reviews relevant EU policies, leg- islation and initiatives and ongoing international and regional efforts by private sector, governments and civil society. Building on the analytical insights gained in Part I, the Part II report makes suggestions on the framing of a possible EU initiative to tackle deforestation and its root causes and drivers. This includes specific objectives and a range of potential EU interventions tackling different dimension of the problem (supply and demand side drivers, as well as the role of finance & investments). All identified interventions are assessed against a shared set of assessment criteria: feasibility and effectiveness; political acceptance, technical complexity; and administrative costs. Given the complexity of the problem, any potential EU initiative should consider a package of interventions which addresses the supply, demand and finance dimensions, building on and reinforcing existing EU action as well as government and private sec- tor commitments on zero deforestation and other relevant international initiatives. January 2018 5 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation – PART I Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations and definitions .............................................................................. 7 Executive summary ..........................................................................................10 1 Introduction .........................................................................................21 1.1 Study objective ....................................................................................21 1.2 Study outputs ......................................................................................21 1.3 Structure of this report ..........................................................................21 2 Scope and methodology ........................................................................23 2.1 Terminological considerations .................................................................23 2.2 Methodological framework .....................................................................24 3 Situation analysis, step 1: Deforestation trends and geographies ................32 3.1 Past trends in deforestation ...................................................................32 4 Situation analysis, step 2: Production, Trade and EU imports of FRCs ...................................................................................................41 4.1 Forest risk commodities of EU relevance ..................................................41 4.2 Trade in risk commodities ......................................................................44 4.3 Risk Commodities and producers relevant to EU consumption ....................78 5 Forward analysis: Projections for Forest Risk Commodities .........................82 5.1 Agriculture products ..............................................................................82 5.2 Forest products ....................................................................................92 5.3 Projection of tropical deforestation ..........................................................98 5.4 Projection of the EU embodied deforestation baseline up to 2030 .............. 100 6 Overview of current initiatives to address deforestaion ............................ 104 6.1 Initiatives set in relation to drivers ........................................................ 104 6.2 Current EU action ............................................................................... 106 6.3 REDD+ .............................................................................................. 121 6.4 Analysis of private sector initiatives ...................................................... 123 6.5 Transparency in FRC trade ................................................................... 129 7 Literature list ..................................................................................... 132 Appendices Appendix A overview of initiatives January 2018 6 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation – PART I ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS Abbreviations ASC Aquaculture Stewardship Council BCM Bilateral Coordination Mechanism CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CITES UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CoC Chain-of-Custody COM European Commission COP Conference of the Parties (to UNFCCC) CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DCI Development Cooperation Instrument DG Directorate-General EU European Union EUTR EU Timber Regulation EU-ETS European Union Emission Trading Scheme FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FAOSTAT FAO Statistical Database FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade FLEGT-AP FLEGT-Action Plan FRC Forest Risk Commodities FSC Forest Stewardship Council FTA Foreign Trade Agreement GEF Global Environment Facility GFRA FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment GHG Greenhouse Gases GPGC Global Public Goods and Challenges Programme GPP Green Public Procurement GTPS Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock HCV High Conservation Value HS WTO Harmonised System IGC International Grains Council ISCC International Sustainability & Carbon Certification IFI International Financing Institution ILUC Indirect Land Use Change IOM International Organization for Migration January 2018 7 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation – PART I IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing JA-ZDC Jurisdictional Approach to Zero Deforestation Commodities LA Latin America LCA Life Cycle Analysis LUC Land Use Change LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Mha Million hectares MIP Multiannual Indicative Programme MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MS Member State Mt Megatonnes (1 million metric tonnes) NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NYDF New York Declaration on Forests OEC The Observatory of Economic Complexity OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification RDP Rural Development Programme RE Renewable Energy RED Renewable Energy Directive REDD+ Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, and fostering con- servation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. RSB Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials RSPO Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil RTRS Round Table on Responsible Soy SDG Sustainable Development Goals SEA South East Asia SIA Sustainable Impact Assessment SITC Standard International Trade Classification SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TRASE Transparency for Sustainable Economies UNCOMTRADE The United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNGP UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights USDA United States Department of Agriculture VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement WTO World Trade Organisation January 2018 8 Feasibility study on options to step up EU action against deforestation – PART I Definitions Deforestation The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carbon Dioxide Removal Policy in the Making: Assessing Developments in 9 OECD Cases
    POLICY AND PRACTICE REVIEWS published: 04 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fclim.2021.638805 Carbon Dioxide Removal Policy in the Making: Assessing Developments in 9 OECD Cases Felix Schenuit 1,2*, Rebecca Colvin 3, Mathias Fridahl 4, Barry McMullin 5, Andy Reisinger 6, Daniel L. Sanchez 7, Stephen M. Smith 8, Asbjørn Torvanger 9, Anita Wreford 10 and Oliver Geden 2 1 Center for Sustainable Society Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2 German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Berlin, Germany, 3 Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 4 Department of Thematic Studies, Environmental Change, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, 5 Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 6 Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand, 7 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management (ESPM), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 8 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, 9 Center for International Climate Research (CICERO), Oslo, Norway, 10 Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit (AERU), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand Edited by: William C. Burns, Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, spurred by the 2018 IPCC Special American University, United States Report on Global Warming of 1.5◦C, net zero emission targets have emerged as a Reviewed by: new organizing principle of climate policy. In this context, climate policymakers and Phillip Williamson, University of East Anglia, stakeholders have been shifting their attention to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as United Kingdom an inevitable component of net zero targets. The importance of CDR would increase Charithea Charalambous, Heriot-Watt University, further if countries and other entities set net-negative emissions targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Innovation for Business Impact
    Carbon Innovation for Business Impact Accelerating climate solutions and private sector finance to make real change possible Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................. 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4 Advancing practical and scalable solutions ................................................ 6 Evaluating carbon finance projects ............................................................... 8 Proven methodologies ................................................................................ 9 Emerging methodologies .........................................................................13 High-potential technologies ...................................................................15 Experimental technologies .....................................................................16 Adding value with values.................................................................................17 Delivering quality carbon credits .................................................................19 Ensuring credible standards ..........................................................................20 Conclusion ............................................................................................................22 Teak Afforestation, Mexico Cover Photo: SELCO Solar Energy Access, India 2 Executive summary Since the Paris Agreement was existing and new methodologies to signed
    [Show full text]
  • Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) Policy Options – Final Report
    Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) policy options – Final Report Report prepared for BEIS Final June 2019 Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) policy options – Final Report Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Scale and cost of future Greenhouse Gas Removal ........................................................................... 9 2 The need for a policy portfolio to support GGRs ............................................................................. 17 3 Review of current GGR policies ....................................................................................................... 22 4 Policy pathways to support GGR ..................................................................................................... 25 5 Enabling and integrating policies ..................................................................................................... 41 6 Frequently Asked Questions ............................................................................................................ 50 7 References ....................................................................................................................................... 52 8 Appendix: Assessment of direct policies ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • England Tree Strategy Erattum
    Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs England Tree Strategy Consultation - Technical Annex June 2020 Erattum 17th August 2020: The estimate of vacant land on page 11 has been updated to replace an error and explain the source of the estimate on page 12 of the consultation document. Contents Erattum ................................................................................................................................ 1 General background, ............................................................................................................ 1 Expanding and connecting our woods ................................................................................. 3 Ambition ........................................................................................................................... 4 Creating space for nature ................................................................................................. 5 Planting trees for water .................................................................................................... 6 Helping landowners create woodlands ............................................................................. 8 Working together to create landscape scale change ...................................................... 10 Restoring degraded land ................................................................................................ 11 Funding future woodland creation – markets for ecosystem services such as carbon ... 12 Supplying the trees we need to plant and
    [Show full text]
  • WWC V2.0 08March2018.Pdf
    Woodland Carbon Code Requirements for voluntary carbon sequestration projects ® Version 2.0 March 2018 © Crown Copyright 2018 You may re-use this information (not Contents including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Introduction 1 Archives, Kew, London, TW9 4DU or e-mail: [email protected] 1. Eligibility 4 Version 2.0 published March 2018 1.1 Key project dates 4 1.2 Eligible activities 5 ISBN 978-0-85538-843-0 1.3 Eligible land 5 FCMS017/FC-GB(KA)/0K/MAR2018 1.4 Compliance with the law 6 Enquiries relating to this publication should 1.5 Conformance to the UK Forestry Standard 6 be sent to: 1.6 Additionality 7 [email protected] 2. Project governance 8 2.1 Commitment of landowners and project/group managers 8 2.2 Management plan 9 2.3 Management of risks and permanence 10 2.4 Consultation 11 2.5 Monitoring 11 2.6 Registry and avoidance of double counting 12 2.7 Carbon statements and reporting 13 3. Carbon sequestration 14 3.1 Carbon baseline 14 3.2 Carbon leakage 15 3.3 Project carbon sequestration 15 3.4 Net carbon sequestration 16 4. Environmental quality 17 5. Social responsibility 18 Glossary 19 O2 CO2 C C Introduction Background and purpose Application Process Trees and forests can mitigate climate change through Registration sequestering carbon. Woodland creation therefore All projects should be registered on the UK Woodland provides an attractive option for companies, organisations Carbon Registry within two years of the start of planting.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostendscpreport6dec.Pdf
    This meeting report was prepared by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE). It was written by Mr. Bas de Leeuw (UNEP), under guidance of and with contributions from the co-chairs of the meeting, Mr. Claus Sørensen (European Commission) and Mrs. Nadine Gouzée (Federal Government of Belgium). Contributions were also received from the facilitators of the working groups (acknowledged in the annex), and from Mrs. Adriana Zacarías Farah (UNEP) and Mrs. Marjo Nummelin (European Commission). Technical lay-out and proof-reading by Mrs. Aretha Aprilia and Mrs. Eleanor Solomon (both UNEP). This is not an official UN or EC publication. More information through: [email protected] and at http://www.uneptie.org/sustain/10year/ or http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/wssd/index_en.html European Stakeholder Meeting on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Meeting Report and Co-Chairs' Summary Table of Contents MEETING REPORT AND CO-CHAIRS SUMMARY............................................................ 1 WORKING GROUPS...............................................................................................................................................4 CO-CHAIRS SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................8 CLOSING SESSION AND HOW TO MOVE FORWARD.........................................................................................11 ANNEX I WORKING GROUP SUMMARIES ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • STATE of EUROPEAN MARKETS 2017 Voluntary Carbon
    STATE OF EUROPEAN MARKETS 2017 Voluntary Carbon MAIN PARTNER PROMOTED BY ABOUT FOREST TRENDS’ ECOSYSTEM MARKETPLACE Ecosystem Marketplace, an initiative of the non-profit organisation Forest Trends, is the leading global source of information on environmental finance, markets, and payments for ecosystem services. As a web-based service, Ecosystem Marketplace publishes newsletters, breaking news, original feature articles, and annual reports about market-based approaches to valuing and financing ecosystem services. We believe that transparency is a hallmark of robust markets and that by providing accessible and trustworthy information on prices, regulation, science, and other market-relevant issues, we can contribute to market growth, catalyse new thinking, and spur the development of new markets, and the policies and infrastructure needed to support them. Ecosystem Marketplace is financially supported by a diverse set of organisations including multilateral and bilateral government agencies, private foundations, and corporations involved in banking, investment, and various ecosystem services. Forest Trends works to conserve forests and other ecosystems through the creation and wide adoption of a broad range of environmental finance, markets and other payment and incentive mechanisms. Forest Trends does so by 1) providing transparent information on ecosystem values, finance, and markets through knowledge acquisition, analysis, and dissemination; 2) convening diverse coalitions, partners, and communities of practice to promote environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Tea and Tea Blending, Tea
    \-v\u. TEA AND TEA BLENDING, TEA AND TEA BLENDING, A MEMBER OF THE FIRM OF LEWIS & CO. CRUTCHED FRIARS, LONDON. FOURTH EDITION. LONDON : EDEN FISHER & Co., 50, LOMBARD ST., & 96-97, FENCHURCH ST., E.G. 1894. CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION .. .. .. vi TEA IN ENGLAND .. .. .. .. i HISTORY OF THE TEA TRADE .. .. .-33 THE TEA DUTY . 49 HINTS ON TEA MAKING .. .. .. 52 TEA STATISTICS .. .. .. .. 57 Imports of Tea into England 1610-1841 . 57 Tea Statistics for the Fifty Years 1842-1891 . .. 60 CHINA TEA . 67 Cultivation and Manufacture . 67 Monings . 75 Kaisows . 79 ' New Makes .. .. .. .. ..83 Oolongs and Scented Teas . 86 Green Teas . 90 INDIAN TEA .. .. .. .. .. 95 Tea in India . 95 Cultivation and Manufacture . 99 Indian Tea Districts .. .. .. ..no CEYLON TEA .. .. .. .. .. 120 JAPAN AND JAVA TEAS, ETC. .. .. ..126 TEA BLENDING .. .. .. .. .. 131 SPECIMEN BLENDS .. .. .. 143 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING HINTS.. .. 149 INTRODUCTION. THE present volume is intended to give all those engaged in the Tea Trade, who wish to take an intelligent interest in it, a sketch of its growth and development in this country and a comprehensive review of its present and to a mass scope position ; bring together of hitherto inaccessible facts and details of practical importance to the Trade, and to give such instructions, hints and advice, on the subject of blending, as shall enable every reader to attain with facility a degree of proficiency in the art which previously could only be arrived at by a course of long and often costly experience. No pains have been spared in the collection of materials, the best authorities having been consulted with regard to all matters on which the author cannot speak from personal experience, and all information is brought down to the latest moment.
    [Show full text]
  • Best LIFE Nature Projects 2011
    ATURE N P R E F O I J L E C T S T E S Best LIFE Nature B projects 2011 LIFE Nature Environment LIFE NATURE | BEST LIFE NATURE PROJECTS 2011 EUROPEAN COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL LIFE (“The Financial Instrument for the Environment”) is a programme launched by the European Commission and coordinated by the Environment Directorate-General (LIFE Units - E.3. and E.4.). The contents of the publication “Best LIFE Nature Projects 2011” do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions of the European Union. Authors: João Pedro Silva (Nature expert), Justin Toland, Wendy Jones, Jon Eldridge, Ed Thorpe, Eamon O’Hara, Tim Hudson , Christophe Thévignot (AEIDL, Communications Team Coordinator). Managing Editor: Angelo Salsi (European Commission, En- vironment DG, LIFE E.4). LIFE Focus series coordination: Simon Goss (DG Environment, LIFE Communications Coordinator), Valerie O’Brien (DG Environment, Communications Coordinator). Technical assistance: Camilla Strandberg-Panelius, Cornelia Schmitz, Chloe Weeger, Darline Velghe , Donald Lunan, Jan Sliva, Jorg Bohringer, Jean-Paul Herremans, João Salgado, Lubos Halada, Rolands Ratfelders (Astrale GEIE). The following people also worked on this issue: Bent Jepsen (Astrale GEIE). Production: Monique Braem (AEIDL). Graphic design: Daniel Renders, Anita Cortés (AEIDL). Acknowledgements: Thanks to all LIFE project beneficiaries who contributed comments, photos and other useful material for this report.Photos : Unless otherwise specified; photos are from the respective projects. Cover photo: LIFE06 NAT/F/000143 - Frédéric Larrey/Thomas Roger. HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); • at the European Commission’s representations or delegations. You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http:// ec.europa.eu) or by sending a fax to +352 2929-42758.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Indicators Framework for Biodiversity Management In
    Performance indicators framework for biodiversity management in gypsum quarries throughout europe 2 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN GYPSUM QUARRIES THROUGHOUT EUROPE Consensus KPIs Framework for Gypsum Quarries INDICATOR / KEY QUESTION 1 Number of native species in selected taxonomic group How is evolving native species richness in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ameliorating species richness? 2 Abundance of selected species in the quarry How is abundance of species representative of ecosystems wellbeing evolving in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ameliorating species abundance? 3 Number of protected species in the quarry How is evolving protected species richness in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ameliorating protected species rich- ness? 4 Number of Red list species in the quarry How is threatened Red list species richness evolving in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ameliorating protected spe- cies richness? 5 Abundance of protected/red list species in the quarry How is abundance of protected and threatened (Red list species) evolving in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ame- liorating species abundance? 6 Number of habitats in the quarry (Wanderbiotopes) How is habitat diversity evolving in the quarry? Is the quarry management maintaining or ameliorating the habitat diversity? 7 Surface of selected habitats in the quarry (Wanderbiotopes) Is the surface of important habitats maintained throughout quarrying?
    [Show full text]
  • Tea Market Update
    Tea Market Update Volume 14 No 4 O c t o b e r — December 2018 PERFORMANCE OF TEA INDUSTRY IN 2018 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2019 Year 2018 began with a lot of optimism in importer countries also depreciating against the backdrop of an excellent year (2017) that the US Dollar. was witnessed in terms of tea prices. The Sri Lankan tea production in 2019, conse- first quarter commenced on a high, with the quent to the Government’s decision to lift the quarterly auction average being recorded as ban on the use of Glyphosate (weedicide) is the highest ever. However, as the year pro- likely to give much relief to the producers gressed, the Sri Lankan tea industry had to and in particular, to the large-scale planta- face numerous obstacles. tions which would be able to carry-out the Consequent to banning of Glyphosate by the required agricultural practices to achieve the Government of Sri Lanka, tea growers and full potential of the plantations. Further the large plantations, in particular, were forced Government’s decision to allow a more liber- to use alternative products for the control of al policy on fertilizer should contribute favor- weed growth, resulting in MCPA levels ably. Needless to say, subject to extreme higher than permitted for exports to Japan. weather conditions not being a reality. How- In and around May, US sanctions on Iran ever, ageing tea bushes and low productivity were imposed which had a cascading impact levels would be a downside. on Auction prices in Colombo, particularly Demand growth in China and India, consider- for the Low Grown (Tippy) teas.
    [Show full text]
  • A to J.Title.Page
    Handbook on Access to Justice under the Aarhus Convention Handbook on Access to Justice under the Aarhus Convention THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE (REC) is a non-partisan, non-advocacy, not-for-profit organisation with a mission to assist in solving environmental problems in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The Center fulfils this mission by encouraging cooperation among non-governmental organisations, governments, businesses and other environmental stakeholders, by supporting the free exchange of information and by promoting public participation in environmental decision-making. The REC was established in 1990 by the United States, the European Commission and Hungary. Today, the REC is legally based on a Charter signed by the governments of 27 countries and the European Commission, and on an International Agreement with the Government of Hungary. The REC has its headquarters in Szentendre, Hungary, and local offices in each of its 15 beneficiary CEE countries which are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, FYR Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia and Slovenia. Recent donors are the European Commission and the governments of Albania, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as other
    [Show full text]