Non- Forest Products Working Document DEPARTMENT N° 9

INDEX OF

VOLUME THREE Issues 13-18 i

Contents

Index of subjects 1

Index of publications of interest

Index of titles 113

Index of authors 127 ii 1

Index of subjects

References consist of issue number/page number(s) with the following notation and fonts: Issue numbers: 13 (April 2006); 14 (January 2007); 15 (July 2007); 16 (January 2008); 17 (July 2008); 18 (January 2009) Pagination fonts: italic (illustration); bold (article of one column or longer; or a detailed description of a Publication of Interest) Unnumbered pages, language indicators and other notation: bc (back cover); (F) article in French; (S) article in Spanish; (w) article contains a web reference

Indexer’s notes: 1. Products variously referred to in the text as Minor forest products; Non-timber forest products; Non-wood forest products and Special forest products are referred to in the index as Non-wood forest products (NWFPs), except where they are quoted as part of a name or publication title. 2. Country names are given priority in the index. Continents/regions are indexed only where unavoidable. For comprehensive information retrieval the user should check under both.

A A. senegal (African gum; ; hard AAA see Agro Acción Alemana gum; hashab) 14/21; 15/49; 16/54(F); 18/52 AAAS see American Association for the A. seyal (flaky gum; talha) 16/54(F); 18/52 Advancement of Science acacias Aalbersberg, B. 16/7 mutualism with ants 17/61-2 AB Composites Ltd 14/45 Acadia Research Forest (ARF), Canada 16/16 abaca see Musa textilis açaí 16/17,26,45; 17/22-3; 18/25-6 Abalos Romero, M.I. 13/53 trademarks 15/14 Abbett, Marian 13/14,15 açaí palm see Euterpe oleracea ABC see American Botanical Council açaí Abdul Majid, Mohamed 16/22 exports Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia 18/52 from Brazil 16/26 Abdullah, Salmiah 17/51 imports abel see Canarium schweinfurthii by UK 16/26 Abies spp. (balsam) 15/60; 18/6 Acalypha wilesiana (kalabucidamu) 16/7 A. guatemalensis 15/72 Acanthospermum hispidum 15/72 Abing, Remedios E. 13/90 acerola see Malpighia punicifolia aboriginal people () 14/5; 16/43; 17/17; ACES see Appalachian Center for 18/38; (Tasmania) 13/49-50 Ethnobotanical Studies Abou-Zaid, Mamdouh 16/17,18 Achatina achatina 15/44 Abozaglo, M. 15/42 achiote see Bixa orelana Abrus paecatorius 15/72 Achyranthes aspera 15/72 Aburi Botanic Garden, Ghana 14/11 ACIAR see Australian Centre for Agricultural Abutilon purpusii (llausamora) 17/38(S),39(S) Research Acacia spp. 13/67; 15/65,65; 17/42(F) ACICAFOC see Coordinating Association of A. albida 16/54(F) Indigenous and Community Agroforestry in A. catechu 15/72; 17/49,50 Central America A. concinna 15/72 acorns 13/64; 15/41-2; 16/73; 18/3,4 A. drepanolobium (whistling thorn acacia) Acorus calamus (sweet flag) 16/75 17/62 Acre, Federal University of, Brazil 16/63 A. marnsii 17/60 Acrocomia totai (cocotero; mbocayá; nuez del A. mollissima 17/8 Paraguay) 16/26(S) A. nilotica (gum arabic) 14/21; 15/49; 16/54(F) ACT see Amazon Conservation Team A. raddiana 16/54(F); 17/56 Actinidia spp. 13/3 2

Active Manuka Association 16/31 exports ACTO see Amazon Cooperation Treaty bushmeat 15/40 Organization 13/46(F); 14/8 Adams, Thomas 15/15 flora Adams, Vanessa 18/62 15/63 Adansonia digitata (baobab; mmbuyu) 13/40; forest area 14/72 15/10,13,13; 16/54(F); 17/40,57,64 forest mapping 16/79(w) Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management Great Green Wall 18/56 to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest H5N1 bird flu virus 13/18-19 Health: A Review of Science, Policies and 18/24,25 Practices; International Conference (Umeå, indigenous fruit trees 17/14 2008) 17/67,68(w) intellectual property rights 16/18 Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia 15/47 Japan assistance programme 14/46 additives medicinal 17/29-30 colourings 14/13 NWFP inventories 14/74 sweeteners 14/34 NWFPs promotion 14/19-20 ADGs see Agriculture and Fisheries poverty alleviation 14/59 Development Groups, Tunisia primates 14/71 Adhatoda vasica (vasica) 13/33,33 rainforest conservation 13/85 adjap see Baillonella toxisperma sports/trophy hunting 16/74,75 Administración Forestal del Estado (AFE), traditional knowledge protection 16/18 Honduras 17/46,47 traditional medicines 13/73 Adonis vernalis (pheasant’s eye) 15/31 transboundary protected areas 13/67 ADRA see Adventist Development and Relief tree planting 13/28; 18/56 Agency, Ghana wildlife 16/40 adrogo see Croton urucurana wildlife trade 14/27; 18/10 Adventist Development and Relief Agency , Central (ADRA), Ghana 15/10 bushmeat 16/21(F),73 AED see Agriculture Extension Department, domestication 13/85 Bangladesh edible NWFPs 16/21(F); 18/67 Aedes aegyptii 18/28 food plants 17/73(F) Aegle marmelos (bael; bel) 16/63; 17/49 food security 18/59 AETFAT see Association for the Taxonomic insect consumption 16/21(F); 18/67 Study of the Flora of Africa harvesting 17/16(F) af Ursin, Kimmo 18/43 NWFPs 14/75 AFE see Administración Forestal del Estado, certification 16/19-20(F),77(F) Honduras and food security 13/71-2(F); 14/12(F),62- Afghan Logistics and Tours 16/41 3(F); 15/64-5; 16/66,67(w),77; 17/25(F); Afghanistan 18/59,60(w) apiculture 16/41,42 NWFPs sector carpet-making 16/42 enterprise development 16/66-7 exports legal and statutory framework 14/12- medicinal plants 16/42 13(F),62(F),63(F) sea buckthorn 16/42 poverty alleviation 17/63-4; 18/59 forestry 16/41,42 wildlife hunting 15/72 imports Africa, East mulberry 18/37 NWFPs harvesting 15/75 Karakul sheep 16/41 Africa, North medicinal plants 16/41 women NWFPs 16/41-2; 18/67 poverty alleviation 16/55(F); 17/14-15(F) sericulture 16/41,42; 18/37 Africa, southern tourism 16/41,42 bark harvesting 13/32 weaving 16/42 benefit-sharing 13/13 AFLEG see Africa Forest Law Enforcement and domestication 13/88(w) Governance edible insects 17/24 AFM see Asia Forestry Management Co. ethical trade charters 13/12 Aframomum spp 17/42(F) fruit trees 13/79 A. melegueta (alligator pepper) 18/49 health security 13/32 Africa indigenous fruit harvesting 13/12 atlases 18/65 medicinal plants 13/80; 14/30,71 biodiversity conservation 14/59 miombo woodlands 13/79 chewing sticks 16/20 NWFPs dry tropical forests 14/74 commercialization 13/79,80,88(w); 14/71 3

domestication 13/88(w) Agathis spp. (copal) 15/49 sports/trophy hunting 15/39 americana 14/24 Africa, sub-Saharan () 13/85(S) conflict Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des and conservation 17/70 aliments (AFSSA) 18/22(F) dry forests 16/62 Agenda Forestal Hondureña 15/37(S)(w) income-generation 15/65 Ageratum conyzoides (botebotekoro) 16/7 medicinal cultivation 13/67 Agiamntebom, Jaff Francis 18/41 sports/trophy hunting 16/75 AGORA 14/78(w) Africa, West agricultural expansion bushmeat 14/71; 16/73 and deforestation 13/75 domestication 13/85 Agricultural Heritage Systems, Globally edible insects 18/67 Important (GIAHS) 18/5(w) forest climbing plants 13/79 Agricultural Institute, Tumbi (ARI-Tumbi), Africa Forest Law Enforcement and Governance United Republic of Tanzania 17/57 (AFLEG) 14/12(F) Agricultural Research, Consultative Group on Africa 2000 Network 18/34,35 International (Maputo, 2008) 18/15 African cherry see Prunus africana Agriculture, University of, Czech Republic 16/49 African Development Foundation 13/63 Agriculture and Agrarian Services Ministry, Sri African Development Fund 15/44 Lanka 18/27 African grey parrot see Psittacus erithacus Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada 15/68 erithacus Agriculture Extension Department (AED), African gum see Acacia senegal Bangladesh 14/4 African Healing Wisdom: from Tradition to Agriculture and Fisheries Development Groups Current Application and Research (Washington (ADGs), Tunisia 17/55 DC, 2005) 13/73 Agriculture Jihad Ministry, Iran Islamic Republic African Heartland Trust Fund (AHTF) 18/20-1 15/51 African Institute of Applied Economics (AIAE) Agriculture State Fund, Bulgaria 14/39 14/50 Agro Acción Alemana (AAA) 13/23(S) African mahogany see Khaya ivorensis agrobiodiversity 15/78(w); 17/70(S) African see agroforestry 18/63; (Cameroon) 16/75; 17/41; African Plants Initiative (API) 15/63 (Canada) 14/42; (Indonesia) 13/47; (UK) 15/75; African plum see Dacryodes edulis (United Republic of Tanzania) 17/56 African see Osyris lanceolata ecological 18/66(S)(w) African traditional medicine 13/73(w) intercropping 17/31 African Union 15/43 lac cultivation 13/47 African walnut see Plukenetia conophorum see also domestication African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) Agroforestry, North American Conference on 13/67(w),88(w) Enterprise Development through: Farming the African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF) Agroforest for Specialty Products (Minneapolis, 15/17(w) 1998) 14/41 AFSSA see Agence française de sécurité sanitaire Agroforestry, World Congress of (1st; Orlando; des aliments 2004) 13/22; (2nd; Nairobi, 2009) 18/62 AFTPs see agroforestry tree products agroforestry tree products (AFTPs) 13/22 Agarwood Conference, International (2nd; Agroforests under Global Change, International , 2007) 14/68 Scientific Conference on Tropical Rainforests agarwood (oil) see oudh and (Bali, 2008) 17/68(w) agarwood (timber; also known as aloeswood; Aguilar, Vergel 18/50 eaglewood; gaharu and ky nam) 14/68; Aguilera, Maria Teresa 16/57 (Malaysia) 16/53-4; (Papua New Guinea) 16/10 Agyei, Samuel Kwame 14/44 exports Ahenkora-Banya, Christy 18/35 from Lao People’s Democratic Republic Ahmad, Jamil 14/51 14/47 Ahmad, Rauf 14/52 from Malaysia 16/54 Ahmed, Ajaz 16/57; 18/49 from Thailand 18/54 Ahmed, Iftikhar 18/49 films 16/27 Ahmed, Romel 16/44 trade 16/53-4; 17/14; (Malaysia) 16/53-4; (Viet Ahmed, Syed S. 14/26 Nam) 14/57 AHPA see American Herbal Products agarwood (tree) see Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops Association spp. AHTF see African Heartland Trust Fund Agarwood in Viet Nam, Cultivated: A Guided AIAE see African Institute of Applied Economics Field Tour of Successful Agarwood Production AIAPGA see All- Aromatic Plants Growers in the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam, 2008) 18/61 Association 4

AIBMR Life Sciences 17/23 (tree) see Pimenta dioica AICD 18/32(S) almaciga tapping 15/54,55 Aichi Industrial Technology Institute 14/5 Almanza Cadima, Eddy 17/39(S) aiele see Canarium schweinfurthii spp. (lukaka) 16/31 AIFM see Association internationale forêts A. dichotoma (quiver tree) 13/20 Méditerranéennes aloe vera processing (Uganda) 15/58 Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) 13/82; aloeswood (timber) see agarwood 14/59-60; 16/29 aloeswood (tree) see Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops Ailurus fulgens (red panda) 16/29 spp. AIT see Asian Institute of Technology Alpine pepper 14/36 Aizoon spp. 18/14 Alstonia boonei (ekuk; emien) 17/42 Ajmal 14/7 Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme Akbar, Defitri 18/46 (ASB) 14/72(w); 15/8(w),27(w) Ako, Irene Manyi 18/40 Alungdaw Kathapa National Park, Myanmar Ako, Tabe Joseph 16/23 13/58 akpa see Tetrapleura tetraptera Amaranthus spp. 18/22,22 Al Midfa, Mutasim 17/30 amargo see Quassia amara Alaffia Sustainable Skin Care 14/55 Amazon Conservation Association 13/62 Alahakoon, Anuradha 14/54 Amazon Conservation Team (ACT) 14/78(w); Alaoui, Katim 16/56 15/78(w);18/42,53,54 Alaska Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization fungi (ACTO) 13/16 medicinal uses 15/60-1 Amazon Institute for Environmental Research NWFPs 16/75 see Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da ALB see Asociación Latinoamericana de Amazônia (IPAM) Botánica Amazon International Fair (FIAM) 2006 (III; Albanel-Témiscamie-Otish Park, Canada 13/52 Manaus, 2006) 14/9 Alberi e Territorio (formerly Monti e Boschi) Amazon Research Institute of Peru see Instituto 14/46 de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana Albert II, Prince of Monaco 18/10 Amazonia 17/71(S) Albert, Sylvie 16/48 conservation alliances 13/85 Alberta, University of, Canada 13/6 deforestation reduction 16/31 Alcan Inc. 13/36 edge effects 15/75 alecrim do campo see Baccharis dracunculifolia endemism 13/80 Aleppo pine see Pinus halepensis environmental certification 16/63 Aleskam Native People’s Community fires 14/71 Cooperative, Russian Federation 13/5,74 forest use strategies 17/68 Alessandrello, Marco de 17/43(S) fruit trees 17/73 Alexander, Susan J. 13/65 livelihood improvement 14/16 Algeria NWFPs management 18/16-17(S) Argania spp. cultivation 18/22-3(F) palm uses 17/72 landscapes 14/27,28 protected areas 15/62-3 Algoma University (AUC), Canada 16/18 rainforest protection donations/funds Ali, Aicha 16/29 14/59;18/39-40 alien 14/46; 16/64; 17/60; 18/15-16 regional development plans 16/62 Alimentos Nutri-Naturales 17/32 seed dispersal 16/75 Aliyoo, Omar 16/52 wildlife hunting 15/75 Allanblackia spp. 16/20(F) see also Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Alliance of Religions and Conservation (ARC) Guyana; Peru; Suriname and Venezuela 14/75 (Bolivarian Republic of) Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) 14/78(w) Amazônia Natural 16/17 alligator pepper see Amazonian Park of Guiana, French Guiana All-India Aromatic Plants Growers Association 15/62-3 (AIAPGA) 18/15 Amazontech (6th; São Luís, 2008) 18/40 Allium spp. ambaibo see Cecropia spp. A. cernuum 18/3 ambemohor pat see Pandanus nepalensis A. tricoccum (ramps) 15/60 Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon ) 18/7 Allotey, Gifty Ohui 13/55 America, Central allspice (pimento) (Mexico) 16/37-8 bushmeat crisis 15/40-1,72 exports America, North from Jamaica 15/51 medicinal plant conservation 13/28 from Mexico 16/37 America, South production 16/37-8 bushmeat crisis 15/40-1,72 5

American Association for the Advancement of Anoetochilus setaceus 13/66 Science (AAAS) 14/19 Anogeissus spp. American Beekeeping Federation 18/25 A. latifolia (dhavra; dhawda; ghatti gum) American Botanical Council (ABC) 18/19 14/21; 17/49 American Chemical Society, National Meeting of A. leiocarpus 16/54(F) (235th; New Orleans, 2008) 17/22 ANSAB see Asia Network for Sustainable American chestnut (tree) see Castanea dentata Agriculture and Bioresources American Chestnut Foundation 13/36 Answers.com 16/16(w) American 13/28; 15/30,77; 16/40; 17/26; Antheraea spp. 18/31 A. assama (also known as A. assamensis) exports 15/76 from USA 13/38; 14/57; 15/32 A. mylitta 15/76 research projects 17/25 A. proylei 15/76 American ginseng (plant) see Panax Anthocephalus kadamba (kadam) 13/30 quinquefolius antibiotics 18/29 American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) ants 14/42 14/34; 16/60 mutualism with Acacia spp. 17/61-2 American Honey Producers Association 18/25 Antwerp, University if, Belgium 18/52 American Society of Clinical Oncology 17/26 AOC see Appellation d’Origine Contrôllée American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM) aonla see Emblica officinalis standards 18/29 APFC see Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission American University Washington D.C., USA APFSOS see Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector 13/17 Outlook Study Amigos da Terra Amazonia Brasileira 13/3; 16/45 Aphandra natalia 15/7 Amigos de la Tierra, Uruguay see REDES aphrodisiacs (Uganda) 16/59 AMK 15/55 API see African Plants Initiative amla (fruit) 13/56; 18/45 apiculture 17/67,71/bc; (Afghanistan) 16/41,42; amla (tree) see Phyllanthus emblica (Brazil) 18/39; (Bulgaria) 15/44; (Cameroon) Amomum spp. () 14/47 15/45; 16/47; (Democratic Republic of the A. aromaticum 13/66 Congo) 13/54; (Japan) 14/46; (Madagascar) 16/53; Ampelodesmos mauritanicus 14/24-5 (Nicaragua) 13/59; (Solomon Islands) 18/52; Amphibolips confluenta 14/31 (Tasmania) 13/49; 14/36; 15/27; (United Republic amruta see Mappia foetida of Tanzania) 15/59; (Zambia) 14/58; 15/74; 16/61 Amuesha, Peru 18/34 forest apiculture 16/3-4 AMUL see Anand Milk Marketing Union and livelihood improvement 17/5,6,7,73 Limited, India reasons for keeping bees 16/4 Amway 18/15 use (India) 14/34-5 An Shouhai 15/14 training (Cameroon) 18/40 Anand Milk Marketing Union Limited (AMUL), see also bees India 15/4 Apiculture and Nature Conservation Anastatica hierochuntica 18/14 Organization, Cameroon 17/7 ancestral relationships of forest peoples 13/87 Apis spp. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 14/45 A. andreniformis 18/24 Andean region A. cerana 13/39; 16/57; 18/24 moths 13/79 A. c. indica (Indian bee) 14/45; 18/13 andok see Irvingia gabonensis A. c. nuluensis 18/24 Andrier, Gilles 17/17 A. dorsata (rock bee) 14/45,45; 15/26; 17/6; Anemopsis californica (lizard-tail; swamp ; 18/24 yerba del manso) 17/58 A. florea 18/24 Angola A. koschevnikovii 18/24 exports A. laboriosa 18/24 beeswax 17/6 A. mellifera 16/3; 17/5,7; 18/25,33 forestry 13/49 A. nigrocincta 18/24 medicinal plants 15/43 Apitherapy and Beekeeping Centre, Russian poverty alleviation 13/49 Federation 17/5 Aniba rosaeodora (pau-rosa; rosewood) 13/25 Apium graveolens 15/49 Anil, Kumar, M.R. 18/23 Apostyrax le pidophyllus (bush onion) 17/42(F) animal feeds see fodder Appalachian Center for Ethnobotanical Studies Animal Rights Africa (ARA) 15/39 (ACES) 13/65 Anishinaabe, Canada/USA 14/25 Appanah, S. 16/64 Annickia chlorantha 16/19(F),20(F) Appellation d’Origine Contrôllée (AOC) Annona squamosa (sitaphal) 17/49 18/22(F) annual wormwood see Artemisia annua Appidi, Subhash 17/22 6

Appiko-Prakruti movement, India 17/47 see also desertification: prevention Appropriate Technology India (atindia) 15/23 Aristida depressa 17/49 APRA see Armenia and Armenian Public aritha see Sapindus trifoliatus Relations Association ARI-Tumbi see Agricultural Institute, Tumbi, Apte, Arvind S. 17/50 United Republic of Tanzania Aquilaria malaccensis and other Agarwood Armenia producing species, Capacity-building Workshop biodiversity conservation 15/43 for Improving Implementation and Enforcement herbal teas 17/37 of the CITES listing of (Kuala Lumpur, 2007) logging 15/43 14/64 medicinal plants Aquilaria spp. 14/68; 16/27; (Brunei Darussalam) overharvesting 15/43 15/44; (Indonesia) 17/50; (Malaysia) 13/58; 14/48; sustainable forest management (Papua New Guinea) 14/64; 16/9; (Viet Nam) training manuals 16/42 18/61 Armenia and Armenian Public Relations A. crassna 14/57; 18/64 Association (APRA) 15/43 A. malaccensis 13/60; 14/48,48,64; 18/28 Armenia Tree Project (ATP) 16/42,43(w) cultivation 17/50 Aromatic, Culinary and Medicinal Plants [of plantations 18/61 Egypt], Workshop on Wild (Cairo, 2007) 16/49 resin production 14/48 Aromatic and Medicinal Plants in French sustainable management 13/58; 14/64 Overseas Regions, International Conference on Aquilaria spp. (timber from) see agarwood (4th; Tahiti, 2006) 14/66 Ara ambigua (great green macaw; lapa verde) aromatic plants 13/84; (Bangladesh) 18/38-9; 14/50(S) (India) 15/32; 16/51; (Iran Islamic Republic) Arab states 14/45; (Nepal) 17/28; (Togo) 18/54(F) imports endangered species 18/64 honey 13/39 exports Arabian oudh company 16/27 from Iran Islamic Republic 14/45 Arabic and Islamic medicine 16/42 harvesting standards 13/41; 14/38,72,74; Arabic and Islamic Medicine, Regional Scientific 15/6(S),31-2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) Conference on Traditional (1st; Amman, 2007) imports 15/69(w) by Germany 14/45 Arancibia, Erik 15/6 by Italy 14/45 Araucaria araucana 14/17(S) by Pakistan 14/45 Araujo Penna, Sonia 15/7 by Taiwan 14/45 Arbeláez, M. 13/27(S) by United Arab Emirates 14/45 arbor à ail see Scorrodipheus zenkeri marketing 14/14(w) ARC see Alliance of Religions and Conservation Aromatic Plants, Frontis Workshop on archaeozoology 17/70 Medicinal and (Wageningen, 2005) 14/74; 15/76 Arctostaphyllos spp. (bearberry) 18/6 Aromatic Plants, Global Summit on Medicinal Arenaria curvifolia 17/72 and (GOSMAP) (3rd; Chiang Mai, 2007) 15/71(w) Arenga westerhouttii (sweet palm) 14/47 Aromatic Plants (HMAPs) in Improving the ARF see Acadia Research Forest, Canada Livelihood of the Rural Poor in the NENA argan (nuts) 15/13 Region, Expert Consultation Workshop on the argan (tree) see Argania spinosa Role of Herbal, Medicinal and (Aleppo, 2007) Argania spinosa (argan) 15/13; 16/56; 18/22-3(F) 16/32 Argentina Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare, World Chaco Serrano habitat 15/72 Congress on Medicinal and (WOCMAP) (III; events Chiang Mai, 2003) 13/85 Buenos Aires (Oct 2009) 16/72(w); Aromatic Plants, International Standard for 17/74(w); 18/60,62 Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and forests (ISSC-MAP), Expert Workshop on (2nd, Isle of DVDs 18/60 Vilm, 2005) 14/74 imports Aromatic Plants – Using Plants to Benefit honey 16/3 People, World Congress on Medicinal and Las Yungas Biosphere Reserve 15/73 (WOCMAP) (IV: Cape Town, 2008) 17/68 medicinal plants 15/21,73,74 aromatic products watchdog 16/78 transfrontier Biosphere Reserves 15/62(S) Arrabidaea chica 18/31-2(S),31 wildlife 15/72 Arraiza, M.P. 14/14 Arid Forest Research Institute, India 17/50 Arrington, Rebecca 15/38; 16/63 arid zones Arroyo, Juan Miguel 16/25 Hippophae rhamnoides 13/45 arsenic 13/14 Moringa oleifera 17/30-1 Art of (Wisconsin, 2006) 14/25 rain water management 15/65 Artemisia spp. (wormwood) 14/15 7

A. annua (sagewood; sweet wormwood) Aspergillus spp. 14/39(F) 13/10,39-40; 14/30; 15/1,10,31; 16/32,32; 17/29 ASPF see Economic Analysis of Basic Rural A. herbaalba 17/56 Family Production Systems in the Acre Valley, Arthropphytum scoparium 17/56 Brazil Artisans’ Association of Cambodia 16/47 ASPRAVEP 13/31 Artocarpus elasticus (terap) 16/25 assafoetida see Ferula ARTOT (agency of Tomsk province Association for African Medicinal Plants development), Russian Federation 15/55 Standards 17/29 Arundinaria spp. Association internationale forêts A. alpina (bambou de chine) 17/42(F) Méditerranéennes (AIFM) 14/67(w); 17/74(w) A. appalachiana 15/25 Association of Mulberry Tree Planters, A. gigantea 15/25 16/36 A. tecta 15/25 Association of Protected Areas of the Russian Arusha Regional Forestry Secretariat, United North West 17/53 Republic of Tanzania 13/64 Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asala Desert Nature 15/16-17 (ASEAN) 16/60; 18/52 Asala skin care project, Israel 15/16-17 Association for the Taxonomic Study of the Asclepias syriaca (milkweed) 18/7 Flora of Tropical Africa (AETFAT) Congress ASEAN see Association of Southeast Asian (18th; Yaoundé, 2007) 15/63 Nations Associations forestières d’intérêt collectif, asfand see Peganum harmala Tunisia 17/55 ash (Maya tree) see Brosimum alicastrum ASTM see American Society Testing and Asher, George 18/48 Materials Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Astrocaryum aculeatum (tucumã) 14/9; 16/45 Environment (ATREE) 14/17 Asunción, National University of, Paraguay Ashton, Peter 16/64 16/57 Asia Asustek Computer 18/23 deforestation 17/71 Atelier Especiarias 16/45 edible insects 17/65 Atelopus spp. 13/31 honey hunting 18/24 atindia see Appropriate Technology India livelihoods 14/75 Atlantic Forest (Brazil) 14/38; 15/76; 16/29; 18/13; sector (Paraguay) 13/61(S) sustainable development 13/73 Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canada 16/16 wildlife hunting 16/73 Atlantic , Canada 18/41 wildlife trade 16/40 atlases Asia, southeast Africa 18/65 butterflies 17/71 biodiversity hotspots 18/56 community management of NWFPs 14/75,76 carbon sinks 18/56 Asia Forestry Management Co. (AFM) 18/54 endangered species 13/83 Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and environmental changes 13/85 Bioresources (ANSAB) 13/5,59; 14/48; 18/13(w) see also maps Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) ATP see Armenia Tree Project 14/78(w); 15/70; (21st Session; Dehra Dun, 2006) ATREE see Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology 14/61; (22nd Session; Hanoi, 2008) 14/61 and Environment Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study Atropa belladona (belladonna) 16/14,14 (APFSOS) II 14/61; 15/71 Atta laevigata (hormiga culona) 14/42 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 13/68; 14/54,61; Attacidae 17/25(F) 16/79; 18/41 atui see Piptadeniastrum afromomum Asian ginseng see Panax ginseng Atuna racemosa (makita) 13/18 Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) 13/35 Atyrium spp. 16/20 Asian weaver ants see Oecophylla smaragdina AUC see Algoma University, Canada Asimina triloba (paw paw) 16/35 auctions AskFAO 13/88(w) truffles 13/4; 18/36 Asmat, Indonesia 16/10 audio equipment, 17/22 Asmindo see Indonesia Furniture Industry and Augustine, Enuge 15/45 Handicraft Association Aurunci Regional Park, Italy 14/24 Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca AusAID 17/3 Amazónica 13/62 Austral, Universidad de, Chile 17/42 Asociación Latinoamericana de Botánica (ALB) Australia 13/78(w) biofuels Asociación Pinolere Proyecto Cultural 14/69(w); Moringa oleifera 18/37 16/15(w) industry 14/5-6 Asparagus racemosus 14/37,51; 15/50 events 8

Kununurra (May 2008) 17/66 Azadirachta indica (dogonrayo; neem) 13/59; exports 14/22; 17/49 indigenous foods 17/37 Azam, Atiqual 18/39 sandalwood 14/32; 17/3,17 AZE see Alliance for Zero Extinction sandalwood oil 17/34 Azerbaijan imports Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) black wattle bark extract 17/9 domestication 17/37-8 cassia powder 16/50 Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences kava 16/11 17/37,38 15/36 Azhar, Irdez 15/29 indigenous foods 17/37; 18/38 indigenous ingredients 14/36 B indigenous peoples Ba’Aka, Cameroon 14/60 resource management 17/71 babassu palm 14/7 Kakadu National Park 13/84 Bac Ninh Company 14/5 medicinal plants Baccharis spp. festivals 13/49 B. dracunculifolia (alecrim do campo) 14/38 NWFPs 17/37; 18/38 B. genistelloides (carqueja) 14/38 indigenous certification 17/17 (lemon myrtle) 13/49; sandalwood plantations 14/33; 16/43; 17/66; 14/36 18/38 Bacopa monnieri 13/21 industry 16/43 Bactris gasipaes 14/17(S) traditional knowledge 14/5 bacuri see Platonia insignis truffles 14/35; 18/36 Baddi, Mohamed Ali 16/52 see also Tasmania Badola, Hemant, K. 18/45 Australia Truffle Growers Association 18/36 bael see Aegle marmelos Australian Centre for Agricultural Research baga-ruwar maka see Moringa oleifera (ACIAR) 17/3 Baguio diocese, Philippines 17/10 Australian High Commission 13/55 bahera see Terminalia bellirica Australian Native Food Industry Ltd 17/37 Bahrain Austria fragrance market 16/26-7 events imports Graz (Sept 2007) 16/69(w) oudh 16/27 Vienna (April 2003) 16/12 Bahtera Melayu 18/46 imports Bailey, J.D. 13/65 ipeca products 16/32(S) Baillonella toxisperma (adjap; moabi) natural cosmetics market 14/7 16/20(F),21(F); 17/42(F) autumn crocus 17/29 Baiyangdian Lake, China 18/41 Avdibegovic, Mersudin 18/64 Bakker, Lonneke 15/40 Aveda Corporation 13/59 Bakossi, Cameroon 15/44,45 avian influenza see H5N1 bird flu virus Balanites aegyptiaca (bedena) 15/10; 16/54(F); Avive 13/25 17/44,44 AVRDC see World Vegetable Center Baldacci, John 15/59 Awar, Ahmad 16/53 Bale National Park, Ethiopia 15/48 awards Balomog, Jeanne 13/51 for businesswomen (Fiji) 13/55 Baloum, Kiram 15/17 for industrial technology (Sri Lanka) 14/54 balsa see Ocroma lagopus for non-profit organizations 14/17 balsam (tree) see Abies spp. AWDF see African Women’s Development Fund balsam harvesting (USA) 18/65 AWF see African Wildlife Foundation balsam needles 18/6 Ayurvedic College, India 14/9 balsam of tolu see Myroxylon balsamum Ayurvedic fabric/clothing 13/30; 14/9; 16/25 bálsamo see Myroxylon balsamum exports Balthes, A.J. 18/67 from India 13/30 Baltic21 13/68(w) imports bamboo by Germany 13/30 blogs 16/78 by Italy 13/30 competitions 14/4(w) by Malaysia 13/30 popularity 17/22 by Singapore 13/30 Bamboo-based Development, Training by UK 13/30 Workshop on Poverty Alleviation through: by USA 13/30 Policies, Strategies and Stakeholders (Zhejiang Ayurvedic medicine 13/15,21,33,85(Hindi); Province, 2006) 13/75 14/10,32,36; 15/30; 16/14,42,51; 18/45 9

Bamboo-based Production and Enterprise Bamboo Training School, United Republic of Management, International Training Workshop Tanzania 15/59 on (Maharashtra, 2006) 14/67 bamboo utilization Bamboo Building Code 16/67 as biofuels 18/52 Bamboo Industrial Processing Technologies and as preservatives 14/3 Machines, International Training Workshop on by car industry 14/5; 18/23 (Zhejiang, 2006) 14/67 by construction industry 13/35; 14/4(w),45,73; Bamboo Inventory Training Workshop, 15/25; 16/28,29,67; 18/23,65 International (Beijing and Zhejiang Province, by electricity industry 13/30; 14/4 2005) 13/74 by industry 14/4,43 Bamboo for Life project 17/10 for humidity adjustment 14/3 bamboo museums (Viet Nam) 18/55 for odour control 14/3 bamboo patents 13/34 for wastewater treatment 13/34; 14/3; 15/7; bamboo products (Bhutan) 14/37,73; (Cambodia) 18/24 16/46-7; (India) 15/25; (Taiwan) 14/5 Bamboo and Rattan Development Programme audio equipment 17/22 (BARADEP) 17/46 13/29; 14/3 Bamboo and Rattan Sustainable Management in clothing 13/29; 14/4; 16/24; 17/22 Developing Countries, International Training coal and essence 13/66 Workshop on (Yunnan, Guangdong and Hainan, computers 17/22; 18/23 2006) 13/77 dry raw bamboo 14/43 (Cuba) 15/46; (India) 16/29; (Kenya) fabrics 13/29; 14/4; 16/24; 17/22 16/52; (USA) 15/25 fencing 14/5 and deforestation 14/4-5 paper 14/5 environmental services 14/5; 17/10 plastic 14/5 carbon sequestration 18/20,23-4 rice 15/25 flowering shoots 14/4 and rodents 16/29 snowboards 17/22 growth rate 14/4 vinegar 14/5 harvesting 16/52 woven products 16/25 new species 15/25 bamboo resources 16/28,76 planting programmes 15/46 inventory training 13/74 wildlife habitats 13/82; 16/29 bamboo sector (Bhutan) 13/34; 16/44-5; (Chile) bambou de chine see Arundinaria alpina and 15/46(S); (China) 13/5,75,77; 17/66; (Cuba) Oxtenanthera abyssinica 13/34,53; (Ecuador) 15/7; (Ethiopia) 15/47; (Fiji) Bambusa spp. 15/25 16/5-6; (Ghana) 13/34,55; 17/46; (India) 13/35; B. vulgaris 16/5 15/21,50; 17/47,48; 18/61; (Indonesia) 13/35; Bangalore University, India 17/5,67 (Kenya) 17/51; (Philippines) 16/58; (Rwanda) Bangladesh 18/52; (Timor-Leste) 13/34; (United Republic of aromatic plants 18/38-9 Tanzania) 15/59 biodiversity 15/73 development 13/75; 15/47,50 cottage industries 15/72; 16/44 statistics 13/5 dye-producing plants 13/33 training 13/77; 15/47,59; 16/5-6; 17/51,66 exports Bamboo Technologies 14/4 medicinal plants 14/36 Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, fruit markets 17/72 Training Course on (Hangzhou, 2008) 17/66 fuelwood 13/30 Bamboo Technology Support Group (BTSG), herbal teas 17/29 India 17/48 livelihood improvement 15/30-1; 16/43-4; Bamboo Textiles, China 13/29 17/72 bamboo trade (Cambodia) 16/46-7; (India) medicinal plants 14/36,72; 17/71; 18/38-9 17/48; (United Republic of Tanzania) 13/64 murta weaving 16/44 exports Nijhum Diwp National Park Islands 18/39 from China 13/5,34,35; 17/51 Satchari National Park 17/71,72 from Ethiopia 14/43 stevia cultivation 14/34 from Japan 17/51 Sundarbans mangrove forest 15/73 from Philippines 18/51 traditional healers 18/38 from Thailand 17/51 wildlife management 18/39 from Viet Nam 13/66; 14/5 Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial imports Research 17/29 by Europe 14/5 Bangladesh Neem Foundation 15/31 by India 14/43 Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee by Japan 13/66 (BRAC) Afghanistan 16/41,42(w); 18/37(w) by Kenya 17/51 Banyangi, Cameroon 16/76 10 baobab (fruit) 18/24 B. forficata (pata de vaca) 14/38 baobab (leaves) 15/10 B. retusa (semla gum) 14/21 baobab (tree) see Adansonia digitata B. vahlii 15/50 BAR see Bureau of Agricultural Research B. variegata 14/22 Barathi, N. 18/23,24 Baur, Martin 13/7(F) barberries 18/6 Bayramyan, Lilia 15/43 barberry (plant) see Berberis spp. BBI-Matra programme 17/53 Barcelona, Autonomous University of, Spain BDS-MaPS see Business Development Services- 18/18(S) Marketing, Production and Services, Nepal bark bearberries 18/6 birch 13/14; 14/25; 18/bc bearberry (plant) see Arctostaphyllos spp. black wattle 17/8-9 bears’ pipes see Heracleum lanatum cassia 14/54 beauty products see cosmetics Cassipourea spp. 14/8 bedena see Balanites aegyptiaca cedar 18/3 Bedouin, Israel 15/16 Douglas 14/23 bee colonies (India) 17/5 lokta 18/48 bee plants (United Republic of Tanzania) mahogany 14/25 16/74,77 medicinal uses 15/20,21 bee products 14/73; (Cameroon) 17/7 and methane emissions 17/8-9 see also bee venom; beeswax; honey; pollen; Moringa oleifera 17/31 propolis and royal jelly pine 14/25; 15/36; 18/19 bee venom 16/3 sustainable harvesting 13/32 beekeeping see apiculture bark cloth (Fiji) 13/54; 16/8; (Malaysia) 16/25; Beekeeping Congress, International (2nd; (Nigeria) 15/53-4; (Uganda) 13/29-30 Thimphu, 2008) 17/67 masi 13/54; 16/8 beer ingredients 16/34 tapa 15/34,35; 16/13 beer-making bark paintings (Indonesia) 13/15 marula beer (South Africa) 16/58 bark paper bees 13/81 womens projects/trade groups 13/54-5; 15/52 colony collapse (USA) 16/3; 18/25,62 Baroni, Timothy J. 18/30 world checklist 18/25 Barringtonia spp. see also apiculture B. acutangulata (hijal) 13/30 Bees for Development 15/74; 16/4(w) B. procera (cutnut) 16/6 beeswax 14/58; 16/3,4, 17/bc; 18/25 Barry, Glen 14/16 collection (India) 14/45 Barry Callebaut [company] 16/45 exports Barton, Debra 17/26 from Angola 17/6 baru see Dipteryx alata from Ethiopia 17/6 baseball rosin bags 14/20-1 from Zambia 16/3 Basima, Duncan 15/44 imports Basket Makers, International Meeting of: by Europe 16/3 “Pinolere 2007” (2nd; Tenerife, 2007) 14/69 production, trade and uses 17/6-7 basket Beijing Nutrition Research Institute 17/23 exports bel (tree) see Aegle marmelos from Chile 13/53 Belarus basket willow (tree) see Salix viminalis NWFPs basket willow sector (Chile) 13/53 illegal harvesting 14/56 Basketry Competition, International Traditional Belgium and Designer (Tenerife, 2009) 18/62 events baskets Brussels (April 2007) 17/71(S) exports imports from China 14/24 cassia powder 16/50 imports ipeca products 16/32(S) by Italy 14/24 Belize Bass, Steve 18/17 cloud forests Basurto Peña, Francisco 16/38 discoveries 18/30 Bath & Body Works 14/6 indigenous lands Batin Sembilan, Indonesia 15/51 oil exploration 15/43 bats Sarstoon/Temash National Park 15/43 and pollination 16/64 xate palm fronds 16/73 and seed dispersal 16/76 belladonna see Atropa belladonna Bau, Catalina 15/62(S) Belt, John 14/53(S); 18/50 Bauhinia spp. Belyakova, Anna 18/5 11 benefit-sharing (Brazil) 15/76; 16/23; (Pacific bidi see Diospyros melanoxylon Islands) 13/18; (southern Africa) 13/13; (Viet bidou see Saccogiotis gabonensis Nam) 13/42 Bilgili, Ertugrul 14/67 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 14/35 Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple wildlife sanctuary, Benin India 14/17 events bilinga see Nuclea diderrichii Cotonou (June 2008) 18/56 Binai Lama 13/90 insect consumption 13/37(F) Bingi, Susan 14/56 multipurpose trees 17/70 bintangor tree 14/30 Benin, University of, Nigeria 18/49 “Bio Universal” LLC 17/37 Benn, Hilary 15/63 BioAtlântica Institute (IBio) 14/38 see Styrax tonkinensis biocultural diversity 15/72 Beraca Ingredients 13/24; 15/7 Biodiversidad 14/15(S) berberine 14/75 biodiversity 13/79; 15/73; (Bangladesh) 15/73; Berberis spp. (barberry) 18/6 (Bolivia) 15/14(S); (Brazil) 13/81; (Cameroon) B. lycium 16/42 15/44; 17/41-2(F); (Chile) 17/69; (China) 14/75; Berkingheri, Wan Ibung N. 17/50 15/74,76; 16/74; (Costa Rica) 17/70(S); (Côte Berlin Free University, Germany 13/62 d’Ivoire) 15/74; (Ecuador) 13/54(S); 15/21; Berrahmouni, Nora 16/30 (France) 15/75; (Ghana) 17/72; (India) 13/79,82; (Belarus) 14/56; (Brazil) 13/24; (Canada) 15/73; (Ireland) 18/63; (Kyrgystan) 16/75; 14/73 (Malaysia) 15/76; (Mexico) 16/74; (Nepal) as cosmetics ingredients 13/24 14/75,77; (Nicaragua) 15/78(w); 16/74; exports (Romania) 15/55; (Saudi Arabia) 18/52; (Sri from Russian Federation 15/55-6 Lanka) 13/83; (Uganda) 13/83; (USA) 14/72; 16/74; harvesting 14/56 (Viet Nam) 18/11 imports and agriculture 15/78(w); 17/70(S) by Italy 15/56 assessments 18/63 by Sweden 15/56 and climate change 13/79; 17/10 Berry Doctor 15/23(w) conservation 14/20,72,75,77; 15/21; 16/74,75; Bersola-Babao, Christine 16/25 17/69,72; 18/52; (Africa) 14/59; (Armenia) Bertholletia excelsa (; castaña del beni; 15/43; (Brazil) 13/83; (Cambodia) 13/68; castaña de Para; Para nut) 13/50; 14/17(S),22,37; (China) 13/68; 15/73; (Europe) 14/60; (Lao 15/5(S); 17/72; 18/32,32 People’s Democratic Republic) 13/68; Bertín, Jaime 15/62(S) (Mexico) 15/72; (Myanmar) 13/68; (Thailand) Besacier, Christophe 15/22(F) 13/68; (Viet Nam) 13/65-6,68 Betancourt Figueras, Ynocente 15/35 and community forest enterprises 18/13 Betula neoalaskana (paper birch) 13/14 conservation corridors 13/68 BfN see Bundesamt für Naturschutz criteria 13/81 BGCI see Botanic Gardens Conservation and development 17/70 International history 13/83 Bhardwaj, S.P. 14/28,29 [correction 15/29] importance of 17/60 Bhattacharya, Prodyut 14/21; 16/51 and indigenous languages 14/60; 17/62 Bhutan and indigenous peoples 15/73 bamboo sector 14/37,73 motivation 17/71 development 13/34; 16/44-5 mountain regions 13/81 Cordyceps domestication 18/39 and NWFP management 13/65-6 events sacred groves 16/73 Thimphu (Aug 2006) 14/37; (Aug 2008) and ecotourism 16/64 17/67 and food security 15/74; 17/73 ginseng cultivation 17/25-6 grasslands 18/63 livelihood improvement 15/30-1 and health security of forest dwellers 15/13 nationalized forestry 15/72 hotspots 13/88(w); 18/56 NWFPs 14/37 and human well-being 14/11,75 commercialization 13/50 indicators 16/64(w),74 income-generation from 13/50 law centres (Malaysia) 18/15 poverty alleviation 14/37,73 loss 15/72; 16/74; 17/69; 18/57,64 rattan sector 14/37,73 management 16/74 traditional medicine 14/37 measurement 13/80 see also Himalayan region and plantation forests 18/63 Bhutan-Japan Symposium on Conservation and policy impact assessment 16/78 Utilization of Himalayan Medicinal Resources projects (Thimphu, 2006) 14/37 and indigenous people 16/76 Bidayuh, Malaysia 13/18 targets (2010) 15/62; 17/10 12

and underutilized species 14/65 prevention (Bolivia) 13/16; 15/14(S); valuation 16/64 (Botswana) 13/16; (Brazil) 13/16,17; 14/10,19; and wildlife trade 16/39; 18/11-12 15/14; 17/12-13; (China) 15/14; (Colombia) Biodiversity, Trondheim Conference on 13/16,17; (Ecuador) 13/16,17; (Guyana) 13/16; (Trondheim, 2007) 16/70(w) (India) 13/15; 14/10-11; (Namibia) 13/16; 16/18- Biodiversity in the Americas, Climate Change 19; (Pacific Islands) 15/14,74; (Papua New and (Panama, 2008) 16/71-2(w) Guinea) 15/29; (Peru) 13/16,17; 15/14-15; Biodiversity Assessment Tools Project 16/78(w) (Philippines) 17/13-14; (South Africa) 13/15,16; Biodiversity and Climate Change, International (Suriname) 13/16; (Venezuela) 13/16 Workshop on (Beijing, 2008) 17/11 biosecurity risks (UK) 18/26 Biodiversity Conservation, The Role of Non- Biotechnology Program Office (BPO), timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Poverty Philippines 17/31 Alleviation and (Hanoi, 2007) 15/68 BioTrade 15/66-7 biodiversity conservation support (EC to China) Bioversity International 18/15 13/68 birch bark 13/14; 14/25 biodiversity credit trading systems 17/69 woven boxes 18/bc Biodiversity and Ecosystem Finance Conference birch distillate 15/15 (New York, 2008) 17/21 birch see Phellinius tremulae Biodiversity for Food Security, Symposium on BIRD see Biodiversity Research and (Vientiane, 2004) 14/47 Development Centre, Nepal Biodiversity International 15/71 bird flu virus see H5N1 bird flu virus Biodiversity and Medicinal Plants Joint BirdLife International 15/51,72(w) Conference (Kampala, 2006) 16/33 birds (Indonesia) 15/51; (Nicaragua) 15/78(w) Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing World; Birot, Yves 16/22 National Conference on Science, Policy and the Bisaya, Malaysia 13/18 Environment (9th; Washington, DC, 2008) Bishay, Mona 16/32 18/61(w) Bitahai Nature Reserve, China 14/75 biodiversity research (Brazil) 13/17; 17/13; (Peru) bitter bamboo see Indosasa chinensis 15/14-15 bitter kola see Garcinia kola regulation 15/14-15 bitter thread see Dioscorea praehensilis Biodiversity Research and Development Centre Bitukau Enterprises, Fiji 16/5-6 (BIRD), Nepal 13/27-8 Bixa orelana (achiote) 14/42; 15/5(S) Biodiversity and the Sustainable Management of B’laan, Phillippines 15/55 Natural Resources, International Research black see Craterellus cornucopioides Conference on (Kigali, 2007) 15/69(w) black market see trade, illegal Biodiversity Target (2010) 14/60 black nightshade see Solanum nigrum Biodynamics Institute, Brazil see Instituto vine see Piper nigrum Biodinâmico (IBD), Brazil black pine see Pinus thunbergii Bioenergy; High-Level Conference on World black soybean 14/74 Food Security: The Challenges of Climate black wattle bark extract Change and (Rome, 2008) 17/1,63(w),66(w) exports Biofach (World Organic Trade Fair) 15/31 from Brazil 17/9 biofouling, marine 17/71 from South Africa 17/9 biofuels 17/1,31; 18/34 imports bamboo 18/52 by Australia 17/9 fungi 13/31; 18/29 Blockstein, David 18/62 Jatropha curcas 13/28 blogs Moringa oleifera 18/37 bamboo 16/78 Mucuna prurens 13/28 underutilized species 16/78 Pongamia pinnata 13/28 bloodroot 13/28 Biogeosciences 18/21 blue cypress 14/36 Biolaya Organics 18/29 18/6,26,41 biological monitoring 15/75 (plant) see Vaccinium spp. biopesticides BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine essential oils 17/12 17/23 biopiracy/bioprospecting 14/71; 15/74; 17/71; BNHS see Bombay Natural History Society, 18/14-15; (Brazil) 18/14; (Canada) 16/17-18; (Chile) India 14/10(S); (Costa Rica) 14/10; (Dominican Body Shop 14/6,7; 15/18; 17/31 Republic) 14/10; (Fiji) 13/18; (India) 16/52; 17/13; Boehmeria malabarica (peuak meuak) 14/47 (Lake Victoria Basin) 15/73; (Malaysia) 13/17-18; bog myrtle see Myrica gale (Namibia) 17/13; (Panama) 18/14-15; (Qatar) Bokor National Park, Cambodia 16/46 18/14; (Samoa) 13/18; (USA) 15/60; see Peumus boldus (Viet Nam) 13/42 Boldoa fragrans see Peumus boldus 13

Boletus spp. 15/5(S) see also Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia and B. edulis (cep) 18/43 Malaysia Bolfor II project, Bolivia 14/37(S) borneol resin 13/25 Bolivia borojó see Borojoa patinoi biodiversity conservation 15/14(S) Borojoa patinoi (borojó) 15/67 biopiracy prevention 13/16; 15/14(S) Bosawas Biosphere Reserve, Nicaragua 14/50(S) caimans 17/35-6 Boscia senegalensis 16/54(F) trade 16/45 Bosnia and Herzegovina Carludovica palmata (jipi japa) 17/39-40 events (May 2006) 13/76; 14/72; 15/74 events Bosques Templados Lluviosos de Los Andes Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Nov 2008) Australes, Argentina/Chile 15/62(S) 17/68(w) Boswellia spp. 16/14 exports B. ovalifoliolata (konda guggilum) 13/41 caiman products 16/45; 17/36 B. serrata (; olibanum; salahi- handicrafts 15/6; 17/38-9(S) mann; salar; salga daru) 13/19; 14/21; 15/20,49; imports 17/49,50; 18/18 carmine and cochineal 14/13 Botanic Gardens Conservation International income-generation from NWFPs 14/37-8(S) (BGCI) 14/11(w),75(w); 17/28(w),70 indigenous trees 14/74(S) Botánica, Congreso LatinoAmericano de (IX; jipi japa 15/6 Santo Domingo, 2006) 13/78(S) livelihoods botanical gardens and NWFPs 14/37 Aburi, Ghana 14/11 medicinal plants 15/21 Bougainvillea, Costa Rica 18/32(S) NWFPs 15/5-6(S),8(S) Edinburgh, UK 15/59 commercialization 13/83; 14/73 Fundación Xochitla, Mexico 14/11 international trade 13/11; 14/22 and human well-being project 14/11,75 value chains 14/13-14 Kerala, India 18/64 reptile skin trade 17/35-6 Lae, Papua New Guinea 16/8 traditional knowledge 15/14(S) and medicinal plant conservation traditional medicines 18/18(S) 17/28,29,70 wildlife trade 18/64 Missouri, USA 18/19 see also Amazonia Natal National, South Africa 14/11 Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), India National Botanic, Papua New Guinea 16/8 18/17 see also herbal parks Bombyx mori 13/63 Botanical Products Association of Ghana Bond, Ivan 15/9 (BOTPAG) 14/44 Bondada, Bhaskar 13/14 Botanical Survey of India 13/42 Boni, Kenya 16/52 botebotekoro see Ageratum conyzoides books on forestry, historical 15/18-19 BOTPAG see Botanical Products Association of Boots [company] 15/58,59 16/34 Ghana Bora, Peru 18/34 Botswana Bordoni, Paul 14/65 bioprospecting prevention 13/16 Boreal Bioprospecting Initiative 16/17 Hoodia cultivation 15/43-4 Boreal Centre for Conservation Enterprise, Bougainvillea Extractos Naturales Canada 17/7,18-19(w); 18/7,9 16/32(S),49(S)(w); 18/32(S)(w) Boreal forest bounty 18/9 Bouwmeester, Harro 17/29 Boreal Forest Garden, UK 13/19 Boyd, C. 13/22 boreal forests (Canada) 13/52; 14/40-1; 16/17-18; Boyd, Robert 18/3 18/6-9; (Finland) 18/9; (Russian Federation) BPO see Biotechnology Program Office 13/73; 18/5; (Sweden) 13/79,80 Brachytrupes membranaceus 13/37(F); 17/25(F) environmental services 18/8 Bradbear, Nicola 16/4 fungi 13/79 Bradley, Amanda 16/46 lichens 13/79; 17/69 Brady, Mark 18/25 medicinal plants 13/19; 14/11; 16/17-18 branches, tree 13/26(F) NWFPs 17/69; 18/bc Brandolini, G.V. 16/42 pine products 15/37 brangalu see spp. Born Free Foundation 13/57 Brashares, Justin 14/27; 15/40 Bornean orangutan see Pongo pygmaeus Brassica campestris () 18/7 Borneo Brazil butterflies 15/72 açaí 16/45 forest fragmentation 15/72 trademarks 15/14 medicinal plants 14/30 Amazon rainforest protection fund 18/39-40 Amazon Region Protected Area 14/59 14

apiculture 18/39 by Hong Kong 18/32 Atlantic Forest 15/76; 18/13 by UK 18/32 wildlife 16/29 by USA 18/32 Baú Indigenous Land enterprise 15/7 by Viet Nam 18/32 biodiversity 13/81 organic certification 17/33 conservation prices 16/35 history 13/83 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation see research 13/17; 17/13 Empresa Brasiliera de Pesquisa Agropecuária biopiracy 18/14 (EMBRAPA) prevention 13/16,17; 14/10,19; 15/14; 17/12-13 Brazilian Apiculture Confederation see Brazil nut prices 16/35 Confederação Brasileira de Apicultura (CBA) bromeliad conservation 18/13 Brazilian Society for the Advancement of butterflies 15/76; 16/74; 17/69 Science see Sociedade Brasiliere para o caatinga vegetation 17/69 Progresso da Ciência (SBPC) cosmetics ingredients 13/24 Brazilian Toiletry, Perfumery and Cosmetics events Association 16/17 Manaus (Aug/Sept 2006) 14/9; (April breadnut (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum 2008) 17/11 Briand, Daniel 16/45 São Luís (Nov 2008) 18/40 Bribri, Costa Rica 18/20 São Paulo (Nov 2005) 13/3; (May/June Bridelia spp. 2007) 16/45 B. ferruginea 16/21(F); 17/25(F) exports B. micrantha 16/21(F); 17/25(F) açai pulp 16/26 Bridging the Gap project, Viet Nam 16/61 black wattle bark extract 17/9 Brigham, Tim 18/5,8,9 Brazil nuts 15/5,27; 16/63; 17/33 Brinckmann, Josef 17/27 honey 13/39; 18/39 British Columbia, University of, Canada 18/21 jewellery 14/9 Broad, Steven 18/19 yerba mate 15/5 Brockman, Henry 18/37 extractive reserves 13/84; 16/63; 17/72 bromeliads (Brazil) 18/13 farm subsidies 15/27 broom grass see Thysanolaema maxima planting 16/23 Brosimum alicastrum (ash; breadnut; capomo; guaraná 16/30-1 masica; Maya nut; mojo; ojite; ojoche; ojushte; medicinal plants 13/40; 14/30,38; 15/21 ox; ramón; ujuxte) 16/35-6; 17/32; 18/33 Mercadão Floresta (Forest Market) 16/45 Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) 14/47; NWFPs 15/5-6(S); 16/17,45 15/34-5,35; 16/9 marketing 14/9; 18/40 Brown, Gordon 15/63 trade 15/74 Brown University, USA 17/10 NWFPs enterprises Brühl, Carsten A. 18/57 development 18/40 Brundtland, Gro Harlem 18/58 pau-rosa (rosewood) oil production 13/25 Brunei Darussalam poison frogs 13/31; 14/19 Heart of Borneo project 15/44,62 Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) medicinal plants 14/30 14/38 see also Borneo protected areas 15/63 Brunori, Antonio 14/46; 15/22 research Bryology, World Conference (Kuala Lumpur, benefit-sharing 15/76; 16/23 2007) 16/22 species mapping 13/82 BTSG see Bamboo Technology Support Group, tagua jewellery 14/9; 17/20 India Tumucumaque Mountains National Park bubinga see Guibourtia tessimanii 15/63 Buck, Dave 14/41; 18/8,9 wastewater treatment 15/7 Buenaventura Reserve, Ecuador 17/74(w) see also Amazonia and Guiana shield Buffalo, University at, USA 17/31 Brazil nut (tree) see Bertholletia excelsa buffer zones 13/20,31,59; 14/45 Brazil nut concessions Bulai, Sairusi 16/6 forest certification 13/62 Bulbine spp. 14/11 Brazil nut oil 15/7 Bulgaria Brazil nuts 15/27-8 apiculture 15/44 byproduct uses 15/27-8 environmental impact assessments 15/44 exports exports from Brazil 15/5,27; 16/63; 17/33 honey 15/44 from Peru 15/8; 18/32-3 medicinal plants 14/39 imports forestry sector 16/45-6 by Canada 18/32 medicinal plants 14/39 15

Bulgarian Apiarist Union 15/44 trade 16/73; (Cameroon) 14/26; 16/73; Bulgarian Association of and Mushroom (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 14/26; Gatherers 14/39 15/72; (Equatorial Guinea) 14/26; 17/43-4; Bulnesia sarmientoi (palo santo) 14/52(S) (Ghana) 13/79; 14/26; (Indonesia) 14/26; Bumi, Riak 15/24,26 (Liberia) 13/81; (Nigeria) 14/26; (Sierra Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN; German Leone) 14/26; 15/56-7; (USA) 15/40; (Zambia) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) 13/41; 15/39 15/6(S),32; 17/27,44; 18/12,19,35,63,64 and wildlife depletion 14/25-6,27 Bunong, Cambodia 17/6 see also wildlife hunting Burdwan, University of, India 17/23 bushmeat, alternatives to see grasscutter Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR), farming and snail farming Philippines 16/33,34 Bushmeat and Forests Conservation Programme Burgener, Markus 13/12 17/44 buriti see Mauritia flexuosa Bushmeat Research Programme 14/25-6 Burkina Faso Business Development Services-Marketing, events Production and Services (BDS-MaPS), Nepal Ouagadougou (March 2009) 18/34,62(w) 14/48-9 exports Butea monosperma (khakhra; palash) 15/24; shea butter 15/18; 17/34 17/48,49 food security 14/39-40(F) Butler, James G. 17/60 fruit trees 14/39-40(F) Butler, Peter 13/42 imports Butler, R.A. 14/26 oils 14/40(F) butterflies 16/75; (Borneo) 15/72; (Brazil) 15/76; medicinal plants 13/40 16/74; 17/69; (India) 18/64; (southeast Asia) 17/71 policies on NWFPs 18/59(F) for collectors 15/29 public-private partnerships 13/10 conservation 14/75 shea butter projects 13/10; 14/40(F); 15/18; exports 17/34-5 from El Salvador 14/43(S) women’s projects 13/10; 14/40(F); 17/34-5,40 from Kenya 16/29,30; 18/17-18 Burundi from Papua New Guinea 15/29 Artemisia annua cultivation 13/40 from Peru 14/53(S) NWFPs 16/21(F) imports Burung Indonesia 15/51 by Canada 14/43(S),53(S) bush mango see Irvingia gabonensis by Germany 15/29 bush onion see Apostyrax le pidophyllus by Japan 14/53(S); 15/29 bush pepper see Piper guineensis by Spain 14/53(S) bush tomato 14/36 by UK 14/53(S) see indigenous foods (Australia) by USA 14/43(S),53(S); 15/29 bushman’s hat see Hoodia gordonii larvae/pupae 14/43(S); 16/29,30; 18/17-18 bushmeat 13/80,84; 14/71; 17/71; (Cameroon) butterfly breeding/farming (El Salvador) 13/20; 14/72; 15/39,41; 16/76; 18/1; (Central Africa) 14/43(S); (Kenya) 16/29-30; 18/17-18; (Papua New 16/21(F),73; (Central African Republic) 13/20; Guinea) 15/29; (United Republic of Tanzania) (Central and ) 15/40-1,72; (Congo 16/29,30 Basin) 14/26; (Democratic Republic of the Butyrospermum parkii see Vitellaria paradoxa Congo) 13/20; (Equatorial Guinea) 17/71; Buy BC Wild 18/41(w) (Gabon) 13/85; 16/39; (Ghana) 17/45; (Liberia) Bystrinsky Information Centre, Russian 13/58; (Nigeria) 14/72; 15/41; (United Republic of Federation 13/62 Tanzania) 14/73; 16/74; 17/36; (West Africa) Bystrinsky Park, Russian Federation 15/55 14/71; 16/73 consumption (Cameroon) 14/26-7; (Congo C Basin) 15/38; (Equatorial Guinea) 14/71; (UK) caatinga vegetation (Brazil) 17/69 18/10-11; (USA) 15/40 Cabruca Cooperative of Organic Farmers, Brazil health risks 14/26-7; 15/40,74,76; 18/10-11 16/45 and income 15/73 CAC see Codex Alimentarius Commission exports Cadbury Schweppes 15/15 from Africa 15/40 CADEV see Community Action for Development and food security 13/20; 16/40; 18/1,11 Cadre légal et réglmentaire régissant l’utilisation and forest dependency 18/11 des PNFL, L’Atelier sous-régional sur le (Limbé, imports 2006) 14/63 by USA 15/40 CAF see Chinese Academy of Forestry and nutrition 13/19,20; 15/38; 16/39 CAFTA see Central America Free Trade and roads 14/26; 15/39,74 Agreement and seed banks 16/76 16

CAFTN see Central Africa Forest and Trade training 18/40 Network bee products 17/7 Caglar, Engin 18/67 biodiversity 15/44 Cai Hanjiang 17/66 and NWFPs 17/41-2(F) caiman products bushmeat 13/20; 14/72; 15/39; 18/1 exports health risks 14/26-7 from Bolivia 16/45; 17/36 trade 14/26; 16/73 imports carbon trading 17/9-10 by Italy 17/36 cocoa agroforestry 16/75; 17/41 by Japan 17/36 debt-for-nature swaps 14/60 by USA 17/36 events Caiman yacare 14/22,37; 16/45; 17/35-6 Kribi (June 2006) 14/63(F) Caine, Holly 18/41 Limbé (June/July 2006) 14/63 Cajanus cajan 13/46 Yaoundé (Oct 2005) 13/22; (Nov 2005) Calabar bean vine see Physostigna venenosum 13/40; (Dec 2005) 13/74; (Feb/March Calamus spp. (rotin) 17/42(F) 2007) 15/63 C. acanthospathus 14/37; 15/52 exports C. discolor 18/51 chewing sticks 13/51,52 C. guruba 17/40 parrots 18/12 C. inermis 15/52 food security 13/20 C. palustris 17/40 forest area 17/9 C. platyacanthus 13/66 forest corridors 17/9 C. rudentum 17/41 fruit tree domestication 13/21-2 C. tenuis 15/52,53 gorilla conservation 18/10 C. tetradactylus 13/66 honey 16/47,78 Calfee, Craig 16/28 marketing 16/47 , University of, USA indigenous crops Berkeley 14/27; 15/40 exhibitions 16/47 San Francisco 15/21 livelihood improvement 14/16 Call of the Earth 15/14(w) logging 16/77; 17/9,10 Calliandra spp. (kalibwambuzi) 14/31 Meme River Forest Reserve 14/40 Calligonum arich 17/56 NWFPs 16/21(F); 17/42 Callitris articulata 17/56 commercialization Calvo Irabién, Luz María 18/47 and gender 16/74 camas (plant) see Camassia quamash international trade 13/11; 14/22 camas bulbs 18/3,4 projects 13/50-1 Camassia quamash (camas) 18/3 rainforest conservation 17/9-10 Cambodia snail farming 15/45 bamboo trade 16/46-7 snail meat consumption 15/44-5 biodiversity conservation corridors 13/68 sports/trophy hunting 15/39 Bokor National Park 16/46 sustainable forest management 16/22-3; community forestry 17/40-1; 18/64 18/56 exports traditional knowledge 15/75(F) oudh 16/27 tree planting 18/40-1 honey harvesting 17/6 wildlife hunting 15/41; 16/76 mountain regions 17/40 regulation 15/39 NWFPs Cameroon Ethnobotany Network (CEN), sustainable management 13/50 International Symposium (2nd; Yaoundé, 2005) poverty alleviation 14/61 13/74 Campa, Peru 18/34 harvesting 17/40-1 Campbell, David 17/27 sustainable use 16/46 Campden and Chorleywood Food Research trade 16/46-7 Association (CCFRA), UK 18/62 sericulture 16/36 (tree) see Dryobalanops camphora see also Mekong region camphor oil 13/58 Cambodia NTFP Working Group 17/40 Campinas State University, Brazil 16/63 Cambodian NWFP Development Organization camu camu 14/53(S); 18/50 (CAN-DO) 16/46,47 exports Cambridge, University of, UK 14/26(w); 18/10,13 from Peru 13/23(S); 14/52; 15/8; 17/52 camedora palm see Chamaedorea spp. imports Cameron, David 13/21,49 by Canada 15/8 Cameroon by Hong Kong 15/8 apiculture 15/45; 16/47 by Japan 15/8; 17/52 17

by Netherlands 15/8 Canadian Herb, and Natural Health by USA 15/8 Products Coalition 14/41; 15/68 organic certification 13/23(S) Canadian International Development Agency camu camu (tree) see Myrciaria dubia (CIDA) 13/3,62,74; 18/5 Canada Cananga odorata (mokosoi) 16/7 agroforestry 14/42 canangucha see Mauritia flexuosa Albanel-Témiscamie-Otish Park 13/52 canarium nut (tree) see Canarium indicum Atlantic Woods 18/41 Canarium spp. berries 13/65; 14/73; 17/75 C. album 13/66 bioprospecting 16/17-18 C. harveyi 16/6 boreal forests 16/17-18 C. indicum (canarium nut) 16/6; 18/63,64 conservation 13/52; 18/7-8 C. schweinfurthii (abel; aiele) 13/8; 16/20(F); NWFP industry 14/40-1 17/42(F) Christmas trees 14/41-2 C. strictum 18/13 ecotourism 13/52 Canary Islands events events Quebec (Sept 2003) 18/60 Tenerife (Aug/Sept 2007) 14/69; (Sept Saskatoon (May 2007) 15/68(w) 2009) 18/62 Toronto (Sept/Oct 2007) 14/70; 15/70(w) imports Vancouver (Aug 2003) 14/73 carmine and cochineal 14/13 Victoria (Aug 2005) 13/69 vegetable fibre industry 16/15 exports cancer see medicinal uses of NWFPs Christmas trees 14/41-2 cancer bush see Sutherlandia frutescens 14/29; 16/48 cancer drug production (United Arab Emirates) 13/4 17/30; (Viet Nam) 17/59 paclitaxel 16/17-18 Candida albicans 13/42 forest-dependency 13/52(F) candle-making 17/7 forests candle stick see Carpolobia tues and climate change 17/8 CAN-DO see Cambodian NWFP Development goldenseal 13/84 Organization herbal teas 18/6-7 Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre (CBTC), imports India 13/34; 17/48 Brazil nuts 18/32 cane/s see rattans/rattan products butterflies 14/43(S),53(S) Cannabis spp. camu camu 15/8 C. indica 16/42 kava 16/11 C. sativa (enjaga) 16/31 leather 14/23 Canopy Capital 17/21 shea butter 17/34 spp. xate palm fronds 15/48 C. cibarius (chanterelle) 18/43 insect consumption 14/42 C. tubaeformis (funnel chanterelle) 18/43 intellectual property rights 16/18 Canudos, Uauá and Curaçá Family-based livelihood improvement 17/18-19 Agricultural Cooperative, Brazil 16/45 maple syrup production 14/29; 16/48; 17/27 Canuto, Roberto 17/52 medicinal plants 16/17-18 capeba see Pothomorphe umbellate moss harvesting 13/74; 15/75 capers, ox-eye daisy 18/7 National Forest Strategy 13/83 capomo (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum NWFPs 17/69; 18/6-7,63 Capparis spinosa 16/42,42; 17/56 history 16/16 frutescens (kamulali) 16/31,31 marketing 18/41 Capson, Todd 18/14 resource guides 18/9 car industry NWFPs enterprises 18/67 use of bamboo 14/5; 18/23 development 18/8 Carapa procera 16/74 directories 18/41 Caravan 14/16(w) funding 16/47-8; 18/67(F) Carbohydrate Polymers 17/26 traditional knowledge 13/52; 16/16 carbon emissions 17/8 Canada/Manitoba Economic Partnership carbon sequestration 17/10,68; 18/20,23- Agreement 14/41 4,50,56,57 Canadian Boreal Initiative Project 18/8 carbon trading (Cameroon) 17/9-10; (Indonesia) Canadian Center for International Studies and 17/9 Cooperation see Centre canadien d’étude et de and community forestry 17/71 coopération internationale (CECI) and poverty alleviation 17/71 Canadian Forest Service (CFS) 16/16 cardamom (tree) see Amomum spp. and Elettaria cardamomum 18

Care for the Wild International 15/41(w),72(w) C. flanaganii (UmMemezi) 14/8 careers, academic/research 13/88(w) C. gerardii 14/8 Cargill Inc. 16/57; 17/35; 18/35 castaña del beni see Bertholletia excelsa Caribbean castaña de para see Bertholletia excelsa environmental services 14/18-19(S) Castanea spp. 16/35 NWFPs 14/17-18(S) C. dentata (American chestnut) 13/35-6 Caridina africana 17/25(F) C. sativa (sweet chestnut) 18/33,33 Carissa edulis 17/44 Castilleja, Guillermo 18/19 Carle, Jim 17/68 Catharanthus roseus (rosy periwinkle) 15/19 Carlsberg 16/34 CATIE see Centro Agronomico Tropical de Carludovica palmata (jipi japa) 15/6,6; 17/39(S) Investigacion y Enseñanza carmine cat’s claw see tomentosa imports cattail see Typha latifolia by Bolivia 14/13 cattle by Canary Islands 14/13 methane emissions 17/8-9 by Chile 14/13 caucho see Hevea brasiliensis by Peru 14/13 CBD see Convention on Biological Diversity by South Africa 14/13 CBED see Community-based Enterprise carpet-making (Afghanistan) 16/42 Development, FAO CARPO see World Wide Fund for Nature CBRC see China National Bamboo Research Carpobrotus spp. 14/11 Centre Carpolobia spp. CBTC see Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre, C. lutea 13/51 India C. tues (candle stick) 17/42(F) CCD see Colony Collapse Disorder Carpotroche brasiliensis (sapucainha) 14/38 CCFRA see Campden and Chorleywood Food carqueja see Baccharis genistelloides Research Association, UK Carrisa carandus (karanda) 17/49 CDE see Centre for the Development of Cartier, Jacques 16/16 Enterprise Carya spp. (hickory; pecan) 16/35 CDM see Clean Development Mechanism Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) 16/45 CD-ROMs see films/CD-ROMs/DVDs Caryota urens (kithul) 14/54 CDS see Centre for Community Development cascarilla see Cinchona pubescens Studies, China Casearia silvestris (guacatonga) 14/38 CEBLAW see Centre of Excellence for Cashibo, Peru 18/34 Biodiversity Law, Malaysia cashmere (Afghanistan) 16/42 CECI see Centre canadien d’étude et de cassia (tree) see Cinnamomum aromaticum coopération internationale cassia bark 14/54; 17/54 CECO 17/35 exports Cecropia spp. (ambaibo) 17/38 from China 14/54 C. concolor 17/38(S),39(S) from India 14/54 C. glaziovii (emba uba) 14/38 from Indonesia 14/54 C. hololeuca (emba uba) 14/38 cassia industry (India) 16/50 cedar bark 18/3 cassia powder CEDECAM see Centro de Desarrollo para la exports competitividad de la Amazonia from India 16/50 Cedrus deodara (deodar) 16/57; 18/49 imports CEFDHAC see Conférence sur les écosystèmes by Australia 16/50 des forêts denses humides d’Afrique centrale by Belgium 16/50 Ceiba pentandra (fromager; kapok) 17/40,42(F) by Denmark 16/50 CEISAL see Consejo Europeo de investigaciones by France 16/50 sociales de América Latina by Germany 16/50 CEN see Cameroon Ethnobotany Network by Italy 16/50 CEN-SAD see Community of Sahel-Saharan by Japan 16/50 States by Netherlands 16/50 Center for International Earth Science by New Zealand 16/50 Information Network (CIESIN) 13/89(w); 18/66 by Singapore 16/50 Center for International Forestry Research by Spain 16/50 (CIFOR) 13/20,69,71(F),79,83; by UK 16/50 14/20,58,61,71(w),73; 15/65,72,74(w); by USA 16/50 16/33(S),53(w),62(w),76,79; Cassia tora (chakvad; coffee pod; foetid cassia; 17/20,64,71,73;18/11,12,21 puwar; sickle pod; sickle senna; tora; tovara) Center for Jewish-Arab Economic Development 16/50; 17/49 (CJAED) 15/17 Cassipourea spp. 19

Center for Science in the Public Interest, USA Centre for Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 18/35 Australia 13/49 Central Africa Forest and Trade Network Centre de recherche et de développement (CAFTN) 18/56 technologique agricole de l’Outaouais 18/67(w) Central Africa Forests Commission see Centre de recherche pour la gestion de la Commission des forêts d’Afrique centrale biodiversité et du terroir (CERGET) 18/19- (COMIFAC) 20(F)(w),67(w) Central African Republic Centre de recherches pour le développement bushmeat 13/20 international (CRDI) 14/39(F),40(F) food security 13/20 Centre for Research Information Action in gorilla conservation 17/36 Africa 14/35 logging 16/77 Centre for Research, Planning and Action Mbaéré-Bodingué National Park 13/79 13/88(w) NWFPs 16/21(F) Centre for Wildlife Studies, India 18/13 Central Albertine Rift Transfrontier Protected Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Area Network 13/67 Enseñanza (CATIE) 14/66(w); 16/48(S); 17/69; Central America Free Trade Agreement 18/63 (CAFTA) 14/10 Centro de Desarrollo para la competitividad de Central Institute of -Harvest Engineering la Amazonia (CEDECAM) 13/23(S) and Technology, India 18/31 Centro de ecología humana, Brazil 15/7(w) Central North Island Iwi Collective, New Centro EORI 14/53 Zealand 18/48 Centro Internacional de Investigación Forestal Central Queensland University, Australia 14/5 see Center for International Forestry Research Central Sericulture Technological Research (CIFOR) Institute (CSTRI), India 13/56 Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Central Sikhote-Alin, Russian Federation 15/55 (CICY), Mexico 18/46(S),47 Central Silk Board (CSB), India 13/56; 15/48; Centro de Investigación de Productos Naturales 16/36 (CIPRONA), Costa Rica 16/33(S) Central Tusar Research and Training Institute, Century Foundation 17/67 India 15/48 cep see Boletus edulis Centre canadien d’étude et de coopération CEPAF see Centre d’expertise sur les produits internationale (CECI) 13/10; 15/53 agroforestiers Centre for Community Development Studies CEPF see Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CDS), China 14/48 Cephallu taxus 17/13 Centre for Conservation Education and CERC see Centre of Excellence for Regional Sustainability, USA 16/71 Cooperation Centre for the Development of Enterprise (CDE) CERGET see Centre de recherche pour la gestion 16/11; 17/45,46 de la biodiversité et du terroir Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity Law CERPA see Centre for Research, Planning and (CEBLAW), Malaysia 18/15 Action Centre of Excellence for Regional Cooperation Cerrado Center for Studies and Sustainable Use (CERC) 17/10 16/45 Centre of Expertise for Agroforestry Products certification see Centre d’expertise sur les produits aromatic plants (India) 16/51 agroforestiers edible NWFPs 15/72 Centre d’expertise sur les produits agroforestiers environmental (Amazonia) 16/63 (CEPAF) 14/42(w) fair trade certification 17/34-5 Centre of Human Ecology see Centro de forests (Nepal) 13/59 ecología humana, Brazil indigenous certification (Australia) 17/17 Centre for Indian Bamboo Resource and and international trade in NWFPs 13/11,12 Technology (CIBART) 14/67(w); 15/21(w) medicinal plants (India) 16/51 Centre for Integrated Rural Development and NWFPs 14/75; 17/18; (Central Africa) 16/19- Environmental Conservation (CIRDEN) 14/16 20(F),77(F); (Guyana) 15/48 Centre international pour la recherche en corks 16/30 agroforesterie (CIRAF) 13/71(F) mugolio essential oils 14/46 Centre for Minor Forest Products for Rural PEFC 14/46; 15/22(w) Development and Environmental Conservation xate palm fronds 15/48 (COMFORPTS), India 13/11,28,29,72,74,88,90; organic certification 13/12,23(S); 15/48,76; 14/21,79; 15/19(w),49(w); 18/63 18/48 Centre national de la recherche scientifique et Brazil nuts 17/33 technologique (CNRST) 14/39(F),40(F) honey 14/58 Centre for Non-Timber Resources, Canada 14/41; lavender products 14/7 18/4,5,9,41 natural cosmetics products 14/7 20

wild harvested products 13/76; 14/41,72; 15/15 15/74 chewing sticks 13/51; 16/20 and traditional knowledge 18/21 exports see also forest/FSC certification from Cameroon 13/51,52 Certified Xate Initiative 15/48(w) imports Césard, Nicolas 15/29 by Nigeria 13/51,52 CESVI, Italy 13/23(S) Chhattisgarh, India cevucevu see Physalis angulata medicinal plants 13/89; 18/64 Ceylon see Cinnamomum zeylinicum traditional healers 13/55-6; 14/22-3,74 CFA see Commonwealth Forestry Association Chiang Mai University, Thailand 15/71; 16/71; CFC see Common Fund for Commodities, 17/65 Netherlands Chicago Tribune 18/35 CFI see Community Forestry International 15-16 CFM (Congreso Forestal Mundial) see World chicle (tree) see Manikara achras Forestry Congress chico see Chamaedorea spp. CFP (Coastal Forests Program) see World Wide chicory 17/29 Fund for Nature Chidiamassamba, Catarina 17/33 CFRC see Community Forestry Resource Center, Chien, Pham Duc 15/68 USA child mortality CFS see Canadian Forest Service and MDGs 15/10 CGIAR see Consultative Group on International Chile Agricultural Research bamboo sector 15/46(S) Chaco Serrano habitat, Argentina 15/72 basket willow sector 13/53 Chakravarti, Visvarup 13/28 biodiversity conservation 17/69 chakvad see Cassia tora biopiracy 14/10(S) chalmugra oil 16/14 events Chamaedorea spp. (camedora palm; chico; xate) Valdivia (April 2007) 15/46(S) 14/18(S); 15/48; 16/55,73; 17/70 exports C. concolor 16/55 basket willow 13/53 C. elegans 16/55 forest laws 17/42 C. oblongata 16/55 imports Chamaerops humilis 13/61(S) carmine and cochineal 14/13 Chamberlain, Jim 13/69,84; 18/62 orchids 15/46(S) Chance, Kim 18/37 traditional knowledge 14/72 Chandar, Mamta 15/17 transfrontier Biosphere Reserves 15/62(S) Chandrasekharan, Cherukat 14/37; 15/1,4,79; Chilean willow see Salix humboldtiana 16/1,15 Chilingaryan, Yuri 17/37 obituary 16/79; 17/75 China Chang Yu Shyun 14/48 Artemisia annua cultivation 13/40 chanterelle see Cantharellus spp. Baiyangdian Lake 18/41 chapeu ce couro see Echinodorus macrophyllus bamboo paper 14/5 Chapman, Dale 14/36 bamboo sector Charcoal Finland 15/15 development 13/75 Charles Darwin University, Australia 17/71 statistics 13/5 Chatham House, UK 14/78 training 13/77; 14/67; 17/66 Chatterjee, Mitali 16/32 bamboo textiles industry 13/29; 14/4; 16/24 Chaudhry, Mahendra 16/8 bamboo weaving 16/25 Chaudhry, Pradeep 17/50 biodiversity 14/75; 15/74,76 Chaudhury, Moushumi 15/12 conservation 13/68; 15/73 Chayahuita, Peru 18/34 losses 16/74 Cheilanthes albomarginata 16/20 biopiracy prevention 15/14 Chelidonium majus 17/30,30 Bitahai Nature Reserve 14/75 Chelsea Show, UK 13/19 ecological corridors 14/59-60 Chen, Feng 14/25 events Cherikoff, Vic 14/36 Beijing (July 2005) 13/73; (Oct/Nov 2005) chestnut, American (tree) see Castanea dentata 13/74; (April 2006) 13/76; (Sept 2007) chestnut, sweet (tree) see Castanea sativa 15/70; 16/69; (March 2008) 17/11 chestnut forests/stands (Europe) 18/33; Guangdong (June 2006) 13/77 (Mediterranean region) 15/73 Haikou (Jan 2008) 18/52 chestnuts 13/88(w) Hainan (June 2006) 13/77 chestnuts, sweet 13/35 Hangzhou (June/July 2008) 17/66 Chesworth, Jennifer 13/78; 17/12 Kunming (July 2005) 13/68; (Dec 2007) chew ash fungus see Phellinus igniarius 16/70 21

Yunnan (June 2006) 13/77 chios gum 15/73 Zhejiang Province (Oct/Nov 2005) 13/74; CHIP see Community Handicraft Initiative (April 2006) 13/75; (Sept 2006) 14/67 Project, Cambodia exports chiqui-chiqui see Leopoldina piassaba bamboo products 13/5,34,35; 17/51 Chitral Forest Department, Pakistan 16/57 baskets 14/24 chlghoza see Pinus gerardiana cassia 14/54 Chlorophytum spp. honey 13/39 C. borivillianum (safed musli) 15/32; 17/50 medicinal plants 17/27 C. tuberosum 15/50 mulberry leaves 18/37 chokeberries 18/6 mushrooms 14/46 chokeberry (plant) see Prunus virginiana pine nuts 16/52 Choudhari, Dyuthan 13/5 rattan products 15/38 Chowdhary, Chhote Lal 15/53 resin 14/20 Christella dentata 16/20 silk 16/36 Christensen, Danae 16/43; 17/66 forestry associations 14/75 Christie Hospital, UK 14/14 genome libraries 15/30 Christmas trees 16/16 ginseng 15/30,77 exports Hippophae rhamnoides cultivation 13/45 from Canada 14/41-2 imports Christophersen, Tim 18/11 Dia Sam 16/60 Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) 13/54 ginseng 13/38 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (ox-eye daisy) honey 16/3 18/7 medicinal plants 14/44 Chrysophyllum albidum 13/21 NWFPs 14/47,48 Chukcha, Russian federation 13/62 rosin 15/36 Church World Service 17/31 sea buckthorn 16/42 Chusquea spp. 15/5(S) silk threads 13/63 CI see Conservation International intellectual property rights 15/14 CIB 18/56 medicinal plants CIBART see Centre for Indian Bamboo Resource research projects 14/30 and Technology NWFPs CICY see Centro de Investigación Científica de community management 13/53 Yucatán, Mexico sustainable management 13/53 CIDA see Canadian International Development public-private partnerships 13/10 Agency rattan sector CIESIN see Center for International Earth training 13/77 Science Information Network resin prices 14/20 CIFOR see Center for International Forestry sericulture 13/56; 14/31 Research Sichuan Giant Panda Sancturies 14/59-60 CILSS see Permanent Interstate Committee for stevia production 15/46; 17/35 Drought Control in the Sahel traditional knowledge 16/76 Cinchona spp. 15/19 tropical montane forests 14/75 C. calisaya 15/19 wildlife trade 14/26; 16/40; 17/36; 18/11-12,65 C. pubescens (cascarilla) 15/5(S),31 see also Mekong region and Tibet Cinnamomum spp. (medang) 18/28,29 China CITES Management Authority 17/36 C. aromaticum (cassia; Chinese cinnamon) China Customs Bureau 17/36 14/54 China Industrial Testing Centre 14/4 C. cassia 15/20,20 China Internet Information Security Monitoring C. verum see C. zeylanicum Bureau 17/36 C. zeylanicum (also known as Cinnamomum China National Bamboo Research Centre verum; Ceylon cinnamon; true cinnamon) (CBRC) 17/66 14/54; 15/20; 17/54; 18/26 ChinAfrica 15/47(w) cinnamon (spice) 15/20; 18/26-7; (Sri Lanka) Chinantec, Mexico 16/55 14/54; 17/54-5 Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) 13/11,73; and bird flu 16/38 15/30,70; 16/69,70 exports Chinese brake see Pteris vittata from India 14/54 Chinese cinnamon (bark) see cassia bark from Indonesia 14/54 Chinese cinnamon (tree) see Cinnamomum from Sri Lanka 14/54; 16/38; 17/55; 18/27 aromaticum cinnamon (tree) see Cinnamomum zeylanicum Chinese Society of Forestry 13/76 CIPRONA see Centro de Investigación de Chinese traditional medicine 14/30,32; 15/30,31 Productos Naturales, Costa Rica chinipata see Stevia serrata 22

CIRAF see Centre international pour la Cnidoscolus acontifolius 15/13 recherche en agroforesterie CNRST see Centre national de la recherche CIRDEN see Centre for Integrated Rural scientifique et technologique Development and Environmental Conservation Coalition for Rainforest Nations 16/62(w) CIS see International Center of Silviculture Coartem 13/10 CITES see Convention on International Trade in coastal dunes 16/74 Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Coastal Forests Program see WWF Coastal CITES listing of Aquilaria malaccensis and other Forests Program Agarwood producing species, Capacity-building Coca-Cola Co. 15/58; 16/57; 17/35; 18/35 Workshop for Improving Implementation and Coccothrinax barbadensis (latanyé palm) 15/56 Enforcement of the (Kuala Lumpur, 2007) 14/64 Coccus lacca see Laccifer lacca Citropsis articulata (omuboro) 16/59 cochineal Citrullus colocynthis 16/42 imports CJAED see Center for Jewish-Arab Economic by Bolivia 14/13 Development by Canary Islands 14/13 Cladonia stellaris (grey star-tipped reindeer by Chile 14/13 lichen; star reindeer lichen) 18/9 by Peru 14/13 Clarins 14/7 by South Africa 14/13 Clark, Charlton 16/72 Cocoon Testing Centre, Japan 18/50 Clark, Lynn 15/25 cocotero see Acrocomia totai classification of NWFPs 13/9 CODEA see Cooperación para el Desarrollo de la Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 17/8 Amazonia Cleary, Jenny 18/38 CODEMUR see Committee for Rural Women’s Clematis gouriana 16/20 Development, Guatemala Clemson University, USA 14/25 Codex Alimentarius 17/5; 18/22(F) Climate Ark 14/78(w) Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) 13/38; Climate Change, International Workshop on 16/58 Biodiversity and (Beijing, 2008) 17/11 Cofan, Colombia 18/41,42 Climate Change, South African National coffee, wild 17/18 Conference on (Johannesburg, 2005) 13/20 coffee pod see Cassia tora Climate Change and Biodiversity in the coffee-tea 16/50 Americas (Panama, 2008) 16/71-2(w) COFO see FAO Committee on Forestry Climate Change and Bioenergy, The Challenges COHDEFOR see Instituto de Conservación y of; High-Level Conference on World Food Dasarrollo Forestal, de Áreas Protegidas y Vida Security (Rome, 2008) 17/1,8,63(w),66(w) Silvestre, Honduras Climate Change and Forest Peoples, Cohen, Tom 14/59 International Workshop on (Manaus, 2008) 17/11 Coir Board of India 15/78(w) Climate Change and Sustainable Livelihoods Cola spp. (kola nut; noix de kola) 17/42(F) (Guildford, 2008) 18/61 C. acuminata 16/21(F) climatic change 14/78(w); (Canada) 17/8; C. nitida 13/22 (Europe) 15/76 Colavito, Luke A. 14/49 and biodiversity 13/79; 17/10-11 Cole, Dave 14/35; 18/47,48 and deforestation 17/1 Coleus forskohlii 15/19,32 economic implications 18/57 Colgan, John 15/15 efforts to combat 18/23-4,39-40,40-1,57,58 Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) and fire 18/58 18/57,58 – sourcebook 13/20-1(w); 14/79(w) and food security 17/70 collecting see harvesting of NWFPs and forest environmental services 17/68 College of the Menominee Nation, USA 15/68 and forest management 17/67; 18/57,58 Colombia impact on forests and NWFPs 17/8; 18/36 biopiracy prevention 13/16,17 and indigenous peoples 17/7-8,11 edible insects 14/42 and poverty 17/10-11 events and tropical rainforests 17/8,11 Bogotá (July/Aug 2008) 17/67 climbing plants (West Africa) 13/79 Pereira (Sept/Oct 2004) 13/86 Clitopilus passeckerianus 18/29 exports Clontarf Foundation 16/43 edible insects 14/42 cloud forests (Belize) 18/30; (Mexico) 13/85; essential oils 15/5 14/71; (Nicaragua) 15/78(w) home gardens 14/11 cloudberries 18/6,26 medicinal plants cloudberry (plant) see Rubus chamaemorus conservation 18/42 Clusia spp. (kufu) 18/31 NWFPs 15/5-6(S) CMCC see CustomMade Crafts Center production 15/7(S) CMS see Convention on Migratory Species poison frogs 13/31 23

traditional knowledge 18/42 Community-based Enterprise Development see also Amazonia and Guiana shield (CBED), FAO 13/4,87; 14/64,66; 15/16 Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) 16/3; 18/25 Community-based Forest Cottage Industries, Colorado State Forest Service 16/35 Study Tour on (Philippines, 2006/2007) 13/78; Colorado State Office Bureau of Land 14/68-9 management 16/35 community empowerment (Uganda) 16/23 Colorado State University, USA 16/35; 17/22 Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund, Colorado Wood Utilization and Marketing Ecuador 18/56 Program 16/35 community forest management (Nepal) 14/75,77 coltan mining (Democratic Republic of the and rainforest conservation 16/63-4 Congo) 16/63 community forestry 13/80-1; (Cambodia) 17/40-1; Columbia University, USA 13/89(w); 16/28,62 18/64; (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Combretum spp. 17/70 14/43; (Gambia) 13/4; (Himalayan region) 14/16; C. fragrans (hansebwe) 17/56 (Indonesia) 18/46; (Liberia) 13/57-8; (Mexico) C. molle (mlama; mpule) 17/56,56 18/47; (Namibia) 18/48; (Nepal) 13/5; 15/52-3 ComForM Newsletter 14/16 and carbon trading 17/71 COMFORPTS see Centre for Minor Forest enterprise development 13/4 Products for Rural Development and and NWFPs 18/64(S) Environmental Conservation, India Community Forestry International (CFI) 16/46 comfre palm forest 15/43 Community Forestry Resource Center (CFRC), COMIFAC see Commission des forêts d’Afrique USA 15/60; 18/56 centrale Community Handicraft Initiative Project Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR) 16/56; (CHIP), Cambodia 16/46,47 18/46(S) community management of NWFPs (China) Comisión para la Promoción de Exportaciones 13/53; (Nepal) 14/74; (southern Asia) 14/75,76 (PROMPEX), Peru 13/61 community NWFPs enterprises 18/63; (Lao Commelina spp. 18/10 People’s Democratic Republic) 14/64; 15/ 16,17; Commercial Products from the Wild (Mexico) 14/20; (Nepal) 18/13 13/32(w),88(w) Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) commercialization of NWFPs 14/73,74; 16/73; 18/56 (Bhutan) 13/50; (Bolivia) 13/83; (Cameroon) competitions 16/74; (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) 18/64; bamboo buildings 14/4(w) (Malaysia) 14/48; (Mexico) 13/83; (southern COMPROVISSA see Empresa Comercializadora Africa) 13/88(w); 14/71 de Productos de Vida Silvestre de Rio San Juan and gender 16/74 Compton, Jocelyn 18/31 and poverty alleviation 14/13-14 computers, bamboo 17/22; 18/23 Commiphora spp. () 15/49; 16/14 Conaf see Corporación National Forestal, Chile C. africana 16/54(F) CONAFOR see Comisión Nacional Forestal C. wightii (guggal) 18/45 Condonopsis clematidea 16/42 Commission for the Forests of Central Africa see Confederação Brasileira de Apicultura (CBA) Commission des forêts d’Afrique centrale 13/39 (COMIFAC) Confederation of Forest Industries Ltd 13/77 Commission des forêts d’Afrique centrale Conférence sur les écosystèmes des forêts (COMIFAC) 13/71(F); 14/12(F),62(F),63(F); 15/64; denses humides d’Afrique centrale (CEFDHAC) 16/19(F),66; 17/64; 18/59 13/71(F) Committee on Forestry see FAO Committee on conflicts (Nepal) 13/83; (Sierra Leone) 15/56-7; Forestry (COFO) (sub-Saharan Africa) 17/70 Committee for Rural Women’s Development and conservation 13/83; 17/70 (CODEMUR), Guatemala 17/32 and ecotourism 15/56-7 Common Fund for Commodities (CFC), environmental disputes 13/85 Netherlands 15/30 human/wildlife 15/39,41 common see Origanum vulgare and research 15/57 common sage see Congo Commonwealth Forestry Association (CFA) events 16/72(w) Brazzaville (Sept 2007) 16/18 Commonwealth Forestry Conference (18th; Congo, Democratic Republic of the see Edinburgh, 2010) 16/72(w) Democratic Republic of the Congo Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Congo Basin Research Organisation (CSIRO) 17/37 bushmeat consumption 15/38 Community Action for Development (CADEV) deforestation 15/63 15/45 NWFPs 17/19-20,70 community-based ecological monitoring sustainable forest management 15/23(F); (Zimbabwe) 17/60-1,70 17/20 24

sustainable forestry certification 18/56 Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and timber harvesting Technological Advice (SBSTTA) 17/60 and NWFPs 18/65 Convention on International Trade in tropical rainforest Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora conservation funds 15/63 (CITES) 13/11,12,16,31,41,84; 14/20,57; trust funds 18/10-11 15/11,32,39,41; 16/45,54,77; 17/14,36,72-3; valuation of NWFPs 17/21 18/12,35,54,64 wildlife hunting 14/26 Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) see also Cameroon; Central African Republic; 17/36(w); 18/10 Congo; Democratic Republic of the Congo Conference of Parties (COP-9; Rome, 2008) and Gabon 17/36 Congo Basin Forest Fund 18/60 Conyza bonariensis (ipekeso) 16/59 Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP; PFBC) Cooperación para el Desarrollo de la Amazonia 15/23(F)(w); 17/36 (CODEA) 18/34 Congo Institute for Nature Conservation (ICCN) Coordinating Association of Indigenous and 14/43 Community Agroforestry in Central America Congrès forestier mondial see World Forestry (ACICAFOC) 14/20 Congress Coordinating Office for Forest Products Congreso Forestal Mundial (CFM) see World Research (CPPF) 15/27 Forestry Congress copaíba (tree) see Copaifera spp. coral fungus see abietis copaiba oil 13/24 Connecticut Botanical Society 14/78(w) Copaifera spp. (copaíba) 15/5(S) Consejo Europeo de investigaciones sociales de C. langsdorfii 15/5(S) América Latina (CEISAL), Congreso de C. multijuga 15/5(S) Latinoamericanistas (V; Brussels, 2007) 17/71(S) C. officinalis 13/24; 14/30 conservation 17/71; (Brazil) 13/83; (Nepal) 13/83; copal see Agathis spp. (Pacific Islands) 16/7; (sub-Saharan Africa) 17/70 Copenhagen, University of, Denmark 17/33 and conflict 13/83; 17/70 Copesiuna cooperative 14/50(S) decision-making 13/79 Coptis sinensis 15/61 history 13/83 coral reefs 15/19 and poverty alleviation 18/63 CORBAMDEV see Cordillera Bamboo project databases 16/78 Development target indicators 16/64,74 Cordillera Bamboo Development see also biodiversity: conservation and (CORBAMDEV) 17/10 resource conservation Cordyceps spp. 14/64 Conservation and the Agricultural Frontier: C. sinensis (yartsa goenbub) 13/50; 14/37; Integrating Forests and Agriculture in the 15/20; 18/39 Tropics (Newhaven, 2006) 13/75 CordyPlus 14/37 Conservation Biology 14/26 cork oak see Quercus suber Conservation International (CI) 13/24,88; Cork Oaks and Holm Oaks Settlements, Vitality 14/59(w); 15/51; 16/42, 49,53,62; 17/17; 18/66 of: Current Situation (Evora, 2006) 14/67 Conservation through Poverty Alleviation Cork screwed? 14/27,28 International (CPALI) 15/23 cork sector (Algeria) 14/27,28; (France) 14/27,28; Conservation and Utilization of Himalayan (Italy) 13/36; 14/27,28; 16/30; (Mediterranean Medicinal Resources, Bhutan-Japan Symposium region) 14/27-8,67; (Morocco) 14/27,28; on (Thimphu, 2006) 14/37 (Portugal) 13/36; 14/27,28; 17/53; 18/27-8; (Spain) construction materials (Hong Kong) 15/25; 13/36; 14/27,28; (Tunisia) 14/27,28; (USA) 17/58-9 (India) 13/35; 14/45; 18/23; (Japan) 16/29; (Pacific cork cultivation Islands) 16/9,10,bc; (Sri Lanka) 16/28; (Thailand) history 17/58-9 13/35; (Uganda) 15/73 forest certification 13/36(w); 14/28; 16/30 bamboo 13/35: 14/4,45,73; 15/25; 16/28,29,67; forest conservation 13/36 18/23,65 harvesting 14/28 Consultative Group on International Cork Supply Group, USA 14/28 Agricultural Research (CGIAR) 13/35; 14/72(w); cork/s 15/8(w),74(w); 16/53(w),62(w) cork taint 13/36 Continental Floral Greens 15/44,48 exports Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) from Portugal 14/28 13/13,18,37(F); 14/70; 15/11,61,67; 16/64; 17/11 imports Biodiversity Target (2010) 14/60 by USA 14/28 Conference of Parties (9th; Bonn, 2008) 16/70 recycling 17/53 Programme of Work on Protected Areas and screw-caps 13/36; 14/27; 16/30; 18/28 14/75 Cornell University, USA 14/25 Secretariat 17/72; 18/11(w),12 25

Corporación National Forestal (Conaf), Chile cottage industries (Bangladesh) 15/72; 16/44; 15/62(S) (Philippines) 13/78; 14/68-9 CoRRB see Council of Renewable Natural Cottage Industries, Study Tour on Community- Resources Research of Bhutan based Forest (Philippines, 2006/2007) 13/78; Correa, Carlos 13/17 14/68-9 corridors, forest conservation (Brazil) 14/38; Coula edulis (komol; noisette) 17/42(F) (Cambodia) 13/68; (China) 13/68; 14/59-60; (Lao Council of Montijo, Portugal 18/28 People’s Democratic Republic) 13/68; Council of Renewable Natural Resources (Myanmar) 13/68; (Nicaragua) 13/59; (Thailand) Research of Bhutan (CoRRB) 13/50 13/68; (Viet Nam) 13/68; 17/9 Council for RNR Research of Bhutan 17/67 see also Green Corridor Project and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mesoamerican Biological Corridor India 14/11; 15/50 Corro, Javier 15/14(S) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Corylus spp. (filbert) 16/35 (CSIR), South Africa 16/58; 17/24 C. cornuta () 18/3,6 Counsell, Simon 17/43 Coscinium fenestratum 13/66 Countdown 2010 15/62(w) cosmetics industry (India) 18/15 country profiles see FAO: NWFP country and ethical trade 13/13 profiles cosmetics ingredients (Australia) 14/5-6; (Brazil) Couteaudier, Thomas Yves 18/53 13/24; (Finland) 13/24 Cowlishaw, Guy 14/26 açaí 17/22-3 CPALI see Conservation through Poverty beeswax 17/7 Alleviation International carmine and cochineal 14/13 CPF see Collaborative Partnership on Forests honey 17/5 CPPF see Coordinating Office for Forest moringa 17/31 Products Research mushrooms 14/7-8 CPWild see Commercial Products from the Wild sandalwood oil 17/34 Craig, Catherine 15/78 sea buckthorn 18/15 cranberries, high bush 18/6,41 shea butter 14/8,55,56; 17/34-5 cranberry, high bush (plant) see Viburnum cosmetics products, natural 14/1-2,bc; (Austria) trilobum 14/7; (Brazil) 16/17; (Germany) 14/7; (Myanmar) Craterellus cornucopioides (black chanterelle) 14/6 14/43; 18/43 exports CRDI see Centre de recherches pour le from Russian Federation 17/5 développement international imports Cree, Canada/USA 13/52; 18/6 by Germany 17/5 Crematogaster spp. marketing/markets 14/7 C. mimosae 17/62 organic certification 14/7 C. sjostedti 17/62 use by men 14/5-6,7 Cribb, Mathew 17/37 COST Action E30 13/81,88(w); 14/74 Criollo, Louis Octavio 18/42 Costa Rica Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) biodiversity conservation 17/70(S) 14/59; 16/43 bioprospecting 14/10 Croatia environmental services 13/84(S) truffles 13/48 payments 17/72 Crofton, P. 18/35 events Crop and Food Research, New Zealand 13/48 Turrialba (May 2006) 14/52,66 Cropper, W.P. 17/12 exports Crops for the Future 18/15 ipeca products 16/32(S) Cropwatch 16/78(w) forestry 15/78(S)(w) Cross River gorilla see Gorilla gorilla diehli fungi domestication 18/42(S) Croton urucurana (adrago) 14/38 indigenous assistance 18/20 Crown Cork & Seal Company 17/58 ipeca production 16/32-3(S) Cryptomeria japonica 15/76 poison frogs 13/31 CSB see Central Silk Board, India postage stamps 14/42(w) CSIR see Council for Scientific and Industrial Ryania speciosa 16/48-9(S) Research Costa Rica, University of 16/33(S) CSIRO see Commonwealth Scientific and Costello, Jim 17/75 Industrial Research Organisation Côte d’Ivoire CSTRI see Central Sericulture Technological biodiversity 15/74 Research Institute, India sports/trophy hunting 13/84 CTA see Technical Centre for Agricultural and Taï National Park 15/74 Rural Cooperation Ctenopharyngodon idella 16/50 26

C2Ds see Debt Development Contracts Da Lat Urban Management Company 13/66 Cuba dabema see Piptadeniastrum afromomum bamboo sector Dacryodes edulis (African plum; safou) 13/21,22; development 13/34,53; 15/46 14/63(F); 15/75(F); 16/21(F); 17/20; 18/49 exports Dactylorhiza hatagirea 14/37 honey 15/46 DADOBAT see Domestication and Development pine resin 13/5; 15/35 of Baobab and project honey 15/46 Daemonorops jenkinsiana 17/41 pine resin products 15/35 Dafforn, Mark 17/14 reforestation 15/46 Dafra Pharma 17/29 resin tapping 15/35 Dahlan Taha 16/53 Cuban Forest Commission 15/35 Daigle, Julie 14/42 cuculmeca see Smilax dominguenensis Dalbergia hupeana var. laccifera 13/46,47 Culinary and Medicinal Plants [of Egypt], Dalla Valle, Lorenzo 18/43 Workshop on Wild Aromatic, (Cairo, 2007) Dalton, Tom 13/37 16/49 dama bel see Tylophora indica Cullen, Robert 15/20 dambala see Discoglypremna spp. Culpeper, Nicholas 13/35 Dan, Vicky 17/13 Cultivated Agarwood Ltd 18/61(w) DANIDA see Danish International Development Cultivated Agarwood in Viet Nam: A Guided Agency Field Tour of Successful Agarwood Production Danielsen, Finn 18/57 in the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam, 2008) 18/61 Danish Business-to-Business Programme 14/5 Cultural Heritage Bureau, Jiajiang County, Danish International Development Agency China 14/5 (DANIDA) 13/59,63 Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Forest Dapanahua, Peru 18/34 Management: The Role of Traditional Daphne spp. (lokta) 13/5 Knowledge (Florence, 2006) 13/77; 15/73 D. bholua 18/48 cultural intangible heritage 13/29; 14/5 D. papyracea 18/48 cultural values Dar-es-Salaam, University of, United Republic of and wildlife hunting 18/12 Tanzania 13/64 Cunninghamia lanceolata 16/20 Darwin, Charles 17/74(w) Cupressus spp. dashmools 18/45 C. lusitanica 16/59 databases C. sempervirens 17/56 COMFORPTS 13/88 C. torulosus 13/66 Discoverlife 17/74 cupuaçu (fruit) 16/17 Eco-Index 16/78 cupuaçu (tree) see Eco-Index of Sustainable Tourism 16/78 curana fibre 18/67 FAO forestry images 13/89 Curculigo orchioides 15/50 Fruit-Inform Weekly 17/56 Curcuma spp. 15/50 funding for sustainable forest management C. angustifolia 15/50 13/20-1; 14/79 C. longa () 16/75 image archives 14/78 C. zedoaria 14/72 PLANTS 13/88 curriculum on NWFPs 13/82-3; 14/41; 15/22; traditional knowledge (India) 13/15; 18/20,64 (Philippines) 17/13-14 Curtis, John B. 15/15 UN COMTRADE 13/70 Cusson, Eric 14/43 WildFinder 14/78; 15/78 CustomMade Crafts Center (CMCC) 15/24 World Bank Development Indicators 15/9 cutnut see Barringtonia procera Datta, Aparajita 18/44 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar gum) 15/49 Davies, Glyn 14/27 Cycas spp. 16/20 Davis, Craig 13/39 spp. (serai) 18/29 Davis, Jeanine 15/60 C. martinii (lemon grass) 15/32 dawa see Pometia pinnata C. nardus 18/28 Dayannanda, K.R. 17/54,55 Cyperus esculentus (tigernut) 17/40 De Angelis, Patricia S. 18/8 Czech Environment Ministry 13/54 De Cauwer, Vera 13/90 Czech Mycological Society 13/53 Debt Development Contracts (C2Ds) Czech Republic (France/Cameroon) 14/60 mushroom harvesting 13/53-4; 16/49 debt-for-nature swaps (Cameroon) 14/60 Czech University of Agriculture 16/49 decentralization, politics of 13/79,83 Czudek, René 15/39 Declarations on climate change (2008) 17/8 D Heart of Borneo (2007) 15/44,62 27

Madagascar Declaration (2006) 14/59 dengue fever epidemiology 17/23 Manaus Declaration (2008) 17/11 Denmark Millennium Declaration (2000) 15/9 events Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) 16/68 Copenhagen (June 2006) 13/78; (Aug Rio Declaration (2005) 13/16 2009) 17/68(w); (Dec 2009) 17/14 Tripartite Declaration [on transboundary forest management protected areas] ( 2005) 13/67 regional agreements 13/67-8 Vienna Declaration (2003) 16/12 imports DED see German Development Service cassia powder 16/50 Deesrept 18/28,29 DENR see Department of Environment and definitions for NWFPs see terms/definitions: for Natural Resources, Philippines NWFPs deodar see Cedrus deodara deforestation 14/73; 15/62; (Amazonia) 16/31; Department of Agriculture, Philippines 16/34; (Asia) 17/71; (Congo Basin) 15/63; (Democratic 17/31 Republic of the Congo) 16/63; (Iran Islamic Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Republic) 13/57; (Madagascar) 16/53; (Nigeria) India 15/50 14/50 Department of Agriculture and Food, Western and agricultural expansion 13/75 Australia 18/37 assessments 18/58 Department of Crop Science, Nigeria 18/49 and climate change 17/1 Department of the Environment, Iran Islamic coltan mining 16/63 Republic 13/57 and indigenous rights 16/74 Department of Environment and Natural mangrove forests 13/68 Resources (DENR), Philippines 13/78; 14/69; see also logging and REDD mechanism 16/57,58 deforested areas Department of Environmental Affairs, South and bamboo plants 14/4-5 Africa 16/18 Defra see Department of Food and Rural Affairs, Department of Export Agriculture, Sri Lanka UK 14/54 Defying Nature’s End: The African Context. A Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Global Symposium (Antananarivo, 2006) 14/59 UK 18/11,26 Degrande, A. 13/22 Department of Forestry and Range Resources, DeHeer, Adam 18/4 Botswana 15/44 (Spain) 16/73 department of Forestry and Wildlife, Nigeria Dell 17/22 18/49 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Department of Health, Philippines 16/34; 17/14 ginseng 15/30,77 Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (DIPP), India 17/47 apiculture 13/54 Department for International Development bushmeat 13/20; 14/26; 15/72 (DFID), UK 13/32; 14/13 coltan mining 16/63 Department of Primary Industries (DPI), community forestry 14/43 Australia 17/8,9 deforestation 16/63 Department of Science and Technology (DOST), ecotourism 14/42-3 Philippines 15/54; 18/29,30 food security 13/20 depletion of NWFPs/resources see resource forest laws 14/43 depletion forest mapping 17/42-3 Desert Knowledge CRC honeybee plants 13/54,82 Bush Products programme 18/38 insect consumption 17/25(F) Desert Research Center (DRC), Egypt 16/49; Kahuzi Biega National Park 16/63 17/31 logging desert truffles see truffles, desert illegal 15/47 desertification 14/27 prevention 17/42-3 prevention 15/65; 17/46; 18/14,56 NWFPs 16/21(F); 18/42-3 Destaques ForLive 14/16 history 16/16 Detarium microcarpum 14/39(F) protected areas 13/67; 14/43 Deutsche Bank 18/57 shifting cultivation 13/54 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 16/22 Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ) 13/20,71(F); Dendrobates 14/27,39; 16/41 D. arboreus 13/31 Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungs-GmbH D. histrionicus 13/31 13/10 D. mysteriosus 13/31 Deutscher Jagdschutzverband (DJV), Germany D. speciosus 13/31 18/12 Dendrocalamus strictus 15/25; 17/49 28

Development of Biotechnology and Discoverlife database 17/74 Environmental Conservation Centre, Diversa 14/10 Bangladesh 15/31 Dixey, Richard 13/13 Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Dixit, Virendra 14/33 India 17/47 DJV see Deutscher Jagdschutzverband, Germany Development Indicators database 15/9(w) Dodd, George 13/25 Development Studies, University for, Ghana DOEN Foundation 18/5 14/44 dogo (mangrove plant) 16/8 devil’s claw dogonrayo see Azadirachta indica exports Dom Perignon 18/28 from Namibia 18/48 Domesticating High-value Trees for the African harvesting (Namibia) 18/47-8 Humid Tropics seminar (Yaoundé; 2005) 13/22 devil’s claw (plant) see Harpagophytum domestication (Azerbaijan) 17/37-8; (Bhutan) procumbens 18/39; (Cameroon) 13/21-2; (Central Africa) DFID see Department for International 13/85; (Costa Rica) 18/42(S); (Pacific Islands) Development, UK 16/6-7; (southern Africa) 13/88(w); (West Africa) dhavra see Anogeissus latifolia 13/85 dhawda see Anogeissus latifolia Cordyceps spp. 18/39 Dia-B Tech 14/56 Dacryodes edulis 13/21 Dia Sam fruit trees 13/21-2,85; 14/75; 18/63 exports fungi 18/42(S) from Viet Nam 16/60 and genetic diversity 13/81 imports Hippophae rhamnoides 17/37-8 by China 16/60 indigenous trees 16/6-7 Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 15/36; Irvingia gabonensis 13/21 18/27 nut trees 14/75 Diagne, Binetou 18/52 see also agroforestry Diallo, Mariam Aladji Boni 18/56 Domestication and Development of Baobab and Diarma, Bakary 15/52(F) Tamarind (DADOBAT) project 17/64(w) Díaz Lezcano, Maura Isabel 13/61(S); 14/52(S); Dominican Republic 15/54(S); 16/26(S) biopiracy 14/10 Dichanthium annulatum 17/49 events dictionaries Santo Domingo (June 2006) 13/78(S); Diccionario Forestal 13/87(S) (April 2008) 17/65(S) multi-lingual 14/78(w) NWFPs Dieterle, Gerhard 18/17 and sustainable development 17/65-6(S) Digitalis spp. 16/75 Don Sebastiani & Sons 13/36 Dilly Bag range 14/36 Donald, Paul F. 18/57 Dinami, Renzo 14/10(S) donations to Amazon Region Protected Area Dios Mattos, Juan de 14/38(S) 14/59 Dioscorea spp. (igname sauvage) 16/20,21(F) Donovan, Jason 14/66 D. daemona 15/50 Don’t bring me back (film) 18/10 D. deltoidea 15/17,17 Doran, John 16/43 D. dumetorum 15/19 Dorji Wangchuk 17/26; 18/39 D. praehensilis (bitter thread) 18/43,43 DOST see Department of Science and Diospyros spp. (ebene; eboni) 17/42(F) Technology, Philippines D. kaki (persimmon) 16/35 Dostert, Nicolas 13/62 D. melanoxylon (bidi; kendu; tendu) 16/50; bark 14/23 17/49 Dovetail Partners, Inc. 15/76(w) D. virginiana (persimmon) 16/35 DPI see Department of Primary Industries, DIPP see Department of Industrial Policy and Australia Promotion, India Dracontomelon vitiense (tarawau) 16/7 Dipteryx spp. DRC see Democratic Republic of the Congo and D. alata (baru) 16/45 Desert Research Center, Egypt D. odorata (sarrapia; tonka bean) 15/8(S); Dresden University of Technology, Germany 17/17 16/31; 17/5 Directorate-General of Commercial Intelligence dried flower products (India) 16/20 and Statistics, Kolkata, India 13/11 drinking water treatment 15/10; 17/31; (Nigeria) Directorate of Non-Timber Forest Products, 15/11 Pakistan 18/49 Drosera spp. Directorate of Revenue Intelligance, India 14/20 D. burmanii 15/73 DiSalvo, Angie 17/18 D. indica 15/73 Discoglypremna spp. (dambala) 17/42(F) drug plants see medicinal plants 29 drumstick tree see Moringa oleifera EcoCiencia 13/27(S) dry forests 14/73; (Africa) 14/74; 16/62; (India) EcoEarth.info 14/16,78(w) 13/83; (USA) 13/81 Ecoflora Ltda 15/67 Dry Forests Project 16/62 Eco-Index database 16/78 dry sex practices (Suriname) 17/69 ecolabelling Dryobalanops spp. and international trade in NWFPs 13/11,12 D. aromatica 13/58 ecological corridors 14/38; (China) 14/59-60 D. camphora (camphor) 13/25 Ecological Internet, Inc. 14/16 Dubey, Parag 16/50 ecological monitoring (Zimbabwe) 17/60-1,70 Dulipki Native People’s Community, Russian ecological restoration Federation 13/62 and indigenous peoples (USA) 18/3-4 Dulong, Pierre 14/43 ecological services of forests/plants see Dunlap, Karen 17/22,23 environmental services of forests/NWFP species Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, Ecology and Society 15/76(w); 16/24(w) UK 18/13 Economic Analysis of Basic Rural Family Durst, Patrick B. 13/5,58,80; 14/61; 15/71; 16/71; Production Systems in the Acre Valley (ASPF), 17/23,24,65; 18/65 Brazil 16/63 Dusty Food Productions 18/45 economics DVDs see films/CD-ROMs/DVDs and climate change 18/57 dwarf ginseng see Panax trifolium Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, The dwarf Siberian pine see Pinus pumilla (Teeb) 18/57 DXN 18/15 EcoPar 13/27(S) dye-producing NWFPs 13/56; 18/22; EcoPort Foundation (EPF) 13/56(w); 14/23(w); (Bangladesh) 13/33; (Fiji) 16/8; (Guatemala) 18/66(w) 15/18; (India) 15/24; (Pacific Islands) 16/13 Ecosystem Finance Conference, Biodiversity & dyes, natural 13/82; 14/9; 17/69; 18/65 (New York, 2008) 17/21 Dyke, A. 14/56 Ecosystem Research and Development Services (ERDS), Philippines 16/57,58 E ecosystem services see environmental services of EAD see Environment Agency–Abu Dhabi forests/NWFP species eaglewood (timber) see agarwood ecotourism 13/82; 14/72; 15/78(w); (Canada) eaglewood (tree) see Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops 13/52; (Democratic Republic of the Congo) spp. 14/42-3; (Finland) 16/49-50; (Hungary) 13/89(w); Earth (Kenya) 15/52; (Lao People’s Democratic size relative to other planets 14/78(w) Republic) 14/46-7; (Liberia) 16/53; (Mexico) earth egg see truffles, desert 14/76; (Mozambique) 13/67; (Nigeria) 13/60; Earth Institute (EI), USA 16/28 (Paraguay) 15/54(S); (Peru) 18/64; (Russian earth tree see truffles, desert Federation) 13/62-3; 15/55; (Turkey) 18/55; Earthprint 13/84(w); 18/65(w) (Uganda) 13/6; 18/55; (Viet Nam) 17/59; 18/55 Earthscan (publishers) 13/79(w) and biodiversity 16/64 Earthwatch Institute International 14/16(w) and conflicts (Sierra Leone) 15/56-7 East Anglia, University of, UK 18/57 databases 16/78 East India (EI) leather 17/20-1; 18/45-6 and forest conservation 13/6 East-West Center (EWC), Hawaii 17/72 potential 13/7 Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research see also International Year of Ecotourism Institute 18/55 Ecotourism Conference, Global (Oslo, 2007) Eastern Polynesian sandalwood see Santalum 15/68(w) insulare Ecotourism and Cultural Centre, Kenya 15/52 ebene see Diospyros spp. Ecotourism Norway 15/68 eboni see Diospyros spp. Ecuador e-bulletins, journals and newsletters bamboo enterprises 15/7 BMC Complementary and Alternative biodiversity conservation 13/54(S); 15/21 Medicine 17/23 biopiracy prevention 13/16,17 Forestry Funding News 14/79(w) Buenaventura Reserve webcam 17/74(w) HerbalEGram 18/19 environmental rights 18/56 IYNF-2009-L 18/60 indigenous trees 14/74(S) New Agriculturalist 17/20(w) livelihood improvement 15/7-8 NWFP-Digest-L 16/78(w); 17/74(w); 18/4,66 medicinal plants 15/31 EC see European Commission NWFPs 13/83(S); 15/5-6(S) Echinodorus macrophyllus (chapeu ce couro) management 13/26-7(S),54(S) 14/38 palm diversity 17/69 Eckard, Richard 17/9 palm fibre production 15/7-8 Ecocert certification 14/7; 17/33 poison frogs 13/31 30

tourism 13/7 emien see Alstonia boonei vegetation maps 13/79(S) Emirates Health Care 17/30 see also Amazonia emissions Edible (food brand) 13/37; 14/42 carbon 17/8 edible fruits see fruits, edible methane 17/8-9 edible insects see insects, edible see also REDD mechanism Edinburgh, University of, UK 15/34 Emmanuel, Gwomb Bi Hell 16/23; 17/30,42 EFA see Environmental Foundation for Africa Emporio Guarani 16/57 EFI see European Forest Institute Empresa Brasiliera de Pesquisa Agropecuária Egharevba, R.K.A. 18/49 (EMBRAPA) 16/31 Egypt Empresa Comercializadora de Productos de aromatic plants 16/49 Vida Silvestre de Rio San Juan (COMPROVISSA) culinary plants 16/49 14/50(S) events Enanthia chlorantha (moambe jaune) 17/42(F) Cairo (Sept 2007) 16/49 Encosternum delegorguei 17/24 imports Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 17/74(w) gum arabic 16/14 endangered species 16/39; (India) 13/79; medicinal plants 16/49 (Nicaragua) 14/50(S); (USA) 14/75 EI see Earth Institute, USA atlases 12/83 EI leather see East India leather conservation 14/50(S) e-journals see e-bulletins, journals and plant cultivation 13/79 newsletters see also Convention on International Trade ekabowabowa see Ipomea temirostris in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Ekendale Hospital, South Africa 16/58 Flora (CITES) and IUCN Red List of ekuk see Alstonia boonei Threatened Species Ekwall, Barbara 16/65 EnDe see Environment Desk, Liberia El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 17/8 endemism (Amazonia) 13/80 El Puente/The Bridge, Costa Rica 18/20(w) energy, future 17/22 El Quebrachio Rain Forest Centre, Nicaragua energy drinks 17/16 13/59 energy uses of NWFPs (Brazil) 15/27-8; (India) El Salvador 13/30; 14/4 butterfly breeding 14/43(S) e-newsletters see e-bulletins, journals and environmental politics 13/81 newsletters exports Engler, Maylynn 16/39 butterfly larvae 14/43(S) Enhancement of Research Capacity in forest area 17/70 Developing Countries (ENRECA) 14/16 Maya nut projects 16/35,36; 17/32-3; 18/33 enjaga see Cannabis sativa Myroxylon balsamum (bálsamo) ENN see Environmental News Network 17/43(S),69(S) ENRECA see Enhancement of Research Capacity women’s projects 16/35,36; 17/32-3; 18/33 in Developing Countries El Shaer, Hassan M. 17/31 Ensete ventricosum (igawo) 16/59 El Shamkh, Salem 18/36 Ensis 16/43 Elaeagnus spp. (oleaster) 17/38 ENSO see El Niño-Southern Oscillation Elaeis guineensis 13/28; 15/54; 16/21(F); 17/25(F) Ensyn Technologies 16/17 electricity generation, bamboo-fuelled (India) Entandrophragma spp. 16/21(F); 17/25(F) 13/30; 14/4 Enterprise Development through Agroforestry, elephants North American Conference on: Farming the crop-raiding deterrants (Ghana) 15/41 Agroforest for Specialty Products (Minneapolis, role in Acacia mutualism 17/61-2 1998) 14/41 Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) 17/57; 18/13 entrepreneurship (Central Africa) 16/66-7; Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) (Finland) 14/15(w),74; 15/21(w) 14/11; 15/30 nature-based 14/15(w),74; 15/21(w) Elevitch, Craig R. 15/35; 16/6,7,9,14; 17/33 and NWFP value chains 15/76; 16/66-7 Eloff, Kobus 17/68 Environment Agency–Abu Dhabi (EAD) 15/58 Elsholtzia penduliflora 13/42 Environment Canada 16/71,72 emba uba see Cecropia glaziovii and C. hololeuca Environment Desk (EnDe), Liberia 13/57 Embelia robusta 15/50 Environment News Service 18/10 Embelica officinalis see Phyllanthus emblica environment search indexes 14/78(w) Emblica officinalis see Phyllanthus emblica environmental certification (Amazonia) 16/63 EMBRAPA see Empresa Brasiliera de Pesquisa environmental change Agropecuária atlases 13/85 Emerald Peak Plantations Ltd 17/3 Environmental Change Initiative 17/10 Emery, M. 14/56 Environmental Change Institute, UK 17/52(S)(w) 31

Environmental Foundation for Africa (EFA) Eritrea 15/57 tree planting 17/32 environmental glossaries 13/88(w) eru see Gnetum africanum and G. Environmental History, World Congress on (1st; buchholzianum Copenhagen, 2009) 17/68(w) Erythrophleum suaveolens 16/21(F); 17/25(F) environmental impact assessments (Bulgaria) Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Bolivia 15/44 17/39 Environmental News Network (ENN) 13/6,15; ESFOR see Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, 14/60; 16/40 Bolivia environmental politics (El Salvador) 13/81 essential oils 13/25-6; (Turkey) 18/67 environmental rights (Ecuador) 18/56 biopesticidal properties 17/12 environmental services of forests/NWFP species exports 16/69,73; 17/1-2; 18/64; (Caribbean) 14/18-19(S); from Colombia 15/5 (Costa Rica) 13/84(S); 17/72; (Guyana) 17/21; market analysis 18/67 (Indonesia) 15/51; (Latin America) 14/18-19(S); Mexican oregano 18/46(S) (Peru) 18/50; (Switzerland) 13/7(F); (USA) 16/34 and mosquito-borne diseases 18/28-9 by bamboo 14/5; 18/10,23-4 mugolio 14/46 by boreal forests 18/8 Spanish sage 14/14 by mangroves 13/79; 15/19; 17/17,70 see also fragrances by moss 16/22 Essential Oils, International Symposium on by palm forests 18/50 (38th; Graz, 2007) 16/69(w) by tropical rainforest 15/51 essesang see Ricodendron heudelotii carbon sequestration 15/51; 17/10,68; 18/10,23- essingan see Guibourtia tessimanii 4 Estonia desertification prevention 15/65; 17/46; forest management 18/14,56 regional agreements 13/67-8 flood mitigation 16/64 Etherington, Tina 13/71; 14/16,77,79; 15/79; 16/2; payments for 16/76; 17/8,21,72 17/75; 18/67 pollination 16/3,4,64; 17/10 Ethiopia pollution controls 15/51 Bale National Park 15/48 recreational use of forests 13/7(F) bamboo sector seed dispersal 16/75,76 development 15/47 soil retention 16/34 training 15/47 storm protection 13/79 exports tsunami protection 15/19 bamboo 14/43 underutilized species 14/65 beeswax 17/6 valuation 18/57 indigenous land use 14/72 water catchment/retention 16/22,34,64 medicinal plants 15/47-8; 17/44 water treatment 17/31 traditional healers 17/44 drinking water 15/10,11; 17/31 traditional knowledge 17/44 wastewater 13/34; 14/13; 15/7; 18/24 tree planting 17/32 watershed protection 17/10 wild coffee 17/18 wildlife protection 15/51 wild food plants 17/44 environmental sustainability Ethiopian Biodiversity Conservation Institute and MDGs 15/11,12 15/47 Environmental Sustainability, International ethnobotanical data (Peru) 13/82 Conference on the Role of Forests in Rural Ethnobotany Network, Cameroon (CEN), Development and (Beijing, 2006) 13/76 International Symposium (2nd; Yaoundé, 2005) Environmental Transformation Fund 15/63 13/74 Enyong, L. 13/22 Ethnobotany Resource Area Project, USA 18/3,4 EOL see Encyclopedia of Life ethnoforestry paradigms (Tibet) 13/23-4 EPF see EcoPort Foundation etymology 14/78(w) epidemiology (India) 17/23 Eucalyptus spp. 16/53; 17/60 Equator Prize (2007) 17/32 Eucryphia lucida (leatherwood) 13/49 Equatorial Guinea Euodia hortensis (uci) 16/7 bushmeat 14/26,71; 17/43-4,71 Euphorbia nyikae (llangali) 16/59 NWFPs 16/21(F) EURAC see European Academy Equilibrium 14/75 Euromonitor International 14/6 Equilibrium Fund, The (TEF) 16/35,36(w); 17/32; Europe 18/33(w) biodiversity conservation 14/60 Equine Research Centre, Canada 17/26 chestnut forests 18/33 ERDS see Ecosystem Research and Development climate change 15/76 Services, Philippines environmental outlooks 13/80 32

exports Thimphu (Aug 2006) 14/37; (Aug 2008) moss 15/33,34 17/67 forest enterprise development 14/73-4; 15/75 Bolivia forest laws 18/63 Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Nov 2008) history of forestry 15/18-19 17/68(w) honey definitions 17/5 Bosnia and Herzegovina (May 2006) 13/76; imports 14/72; 15/74 Australian indigenous foods 17/37 Brazil bamboo fencing 14/5 Manaus (Aug/Sept 2006) 14/9; (April beeswax 16/3 2008) 17/11 desert truffles 18/36 São Luís (Nov 2008) 18/40 guchhi mushrooms 14/44 São Paulo (Nov 2005) 13/3; (May/June handicrafts 16/60 2007) 16/45 honey 13/39; 14/58; 15/44,46,58; 16/3,59; Burkina Faso 17/5; 18/39 Ouagadougou (March 2009) 18/34,62(w) medicinal plants 14/44 Cameroon reptiles/skins 16/39 Kribi (June 2006) 14/63(F) shea butter 13/46(F); 14/56 Limbé (June/July 2006) 14/63 land use change 16/78 Yaoundé (Oct 2005) 13/22; (Nov 2005) NWFPs 13/88(w) 13/40; (Dec 2005) 13/74; (Feb/March recreational use of forests 18/10 2007) 15/63 sustainable forest management Canada funding 14/72 Quebec (Sept 2003) 18/60 tea tree oil 15/23 Saskatoon (May 2007) 15/68(w) wildlife trade 14/27; 16/39,73; 17/70 Toronto (Sept/Oct 2007) 14/70; 15/70(w) European Academy (EURAC) 14/78(w) Vancouver (Aug 2003) 14/73 European Association for Southeast Asian Victoria (Aug 2005) 13/69 Studies (EUROSEAS) International Conference Canary Islands (Naples, 2007) 14/69-70 Tenerife (Aug/Sept 2007) 14/69; (Sept European Commission (EC) 15/44,51,55,65 2009) 18/62 biodiversity conservation support to China Chile 13/68 Valdivia (April 2007) 15/46(S) European Economic Area (EEA) China environmental glossaries 13/88(w) Beijing (July 2005) 13/73; (Oct/Nov 2005) European Forest Institute (EFI) 16/22,79(w) 13/74; (April 2006) 13/76; (Sept 2007) European Forest Week (2008) 18/61(w) 15/70; 16/69; (March 2008) 17/11 European Union-China Biodiversity Programme Guangdong (June 2006) 13/77 17/11 Haikou (Jan 2008) 18/52 EUROSEAS see European Association for Hainan (June 2006) 13/77 Southeast Asian Studies Hangzhou (June/July 2008) 17/66 Euterpe spp. 14/17(S) Kunming (July 2005) 13/68; (Dec 2007) E. edulis (palmito) 13/60-1(S) 16/70 E. oleracea (açai) 16/26,45; 17/22 Yunnan (June 2006) 13/77 Evangelista Oliva, Virginia 16/38 Zhejiang Province (Oct/Nov 2005) 13/74; Evans, Barry 16/6 (April 2006) 13/75; (Sept 2006) 14/67 Evans, K. 15/8 Colombia Evans, Warren 13/67 Bogotá (July/Aug 2008) 17/67 Evelyn, John 13/35 Pereira (Sept/Oct 2004) 13/86 events Congo Argentina Brazzaville (Sept 2007) 16/18 Buenos Aires (Oct 2009) 16/72(w); Costa Rica 17/74(w); 18/60,62 Turrialba (May 2006) 14/52,66 Australia Denmark Kununurra (May 2008) 17/66 Copenhagen (June 2006) 13/78; (Aug Austria 2009) 17/68(w); (Dec 2009) 17/14 Graz (Sept 2007) 16/69(w) Dominican Republic Vienna (April 2003) 16/12 Santo Domingo (June 2006) 13/78(S); Belgium (April 2008) 17/65(S) Brussels (April 2007) 17/71(S) Egypt Benin Cairo (Sept 2007) 16/49 Cotonou (June 2008) 18/56 Fiji Bhutan Suva (Nov/Dec 2004) 16/11 French Polynesia 33

Tahiti (July 2006) 14/66 Moscow (Sept 2005) 13/73-4 Germany Rwanda Bonn (May 2008) 16/70 Kigali (July 2007) 15/69(w) Isle of Vilm (Dec 2005) 14/74 Senegal Ghana Dakar (March 2002) 13/81(F) Accra (Nov 2006) 17/45 Slovenia Tamale (March 2006) 14/44 Ljublijana (Sept 2007) 15/70(w) Greece South Africa Thessaloniki (Sept 2007) 15/69(w) Cape Town (Nov 2008) 17/68 India Johannesburg (Sept 2002) 15/23(F); (Oct Dehra Dun (Dec 2005) 13/74; (April 2005) 13/20 2006) 14/61; (Nov 2008) 18/61(w) Spain Jabalpur (Jan 2008) 17/65 Barcelona (Oct 2008) 18/19,57 Maharashtra (Nov 2006) 14/67 Sudan Thiruvananthapuram (May 2000) 16/15 Khartoum (Sept 2006) 14/55 Tirupati (March 2008) 17/65 Sweden Indonesia Umeå (Aug 2008) 17/67,68(w) Bali (Dec 2007) 17/9,14,50,62; (Oct 2008) Syrian Arab Republic 17/68(w) Aleppo (July 2007) 16/32 Ireland Thailand Dublin (Aug 2005) 18/25 Bangkok (March 2007) 14/68; (Sept 2007) Italy 15/69 Florence (June 2006) 13/77; 15/73(w) Chiang Mai (Feb 2003) 13/85; (Oct 2007) Naples (Sept 2007) 14/69-70 15/70; (Nov 2007) 15/71(w); (Feb 2008) Rome (June 2002) 16/65; (March 2005) 16/71; 17/23-4,65 13/80(w); (March 2007) 14/68; Turkey 15/17,64(w); 16/66; (Feb 2008) 17/60; Trabzon (Nov 2006) 14/67 (June 2008) 17/1,63(w),66(w); (Dec 2008) Uganda 18/10; (March 2009) 17/63; 18/58,62 Kampala (Oct 2006) 16/33 Jordan Ukraine Amman (Aug 2007) 15/69(w) Kiev (June 2008) 17/56 Kenya United Arab Emirates Nairobi (Aug 2009) 18/62 Abu Dhabi (Jan 2009) 17/22 Lao People’s Democratic Republic United Kingdom Vientiane (Oct 2004) 14/47 Beauly (May 2006) 13/77 Lithuania Chipping Campden (March 2009) 18/62 Vilnius (July 2006) 14/59 Edinburgh (June/July 2010) 16/72(w) Madagascar Guildford (Nov 2008) 18/61 Antananarivo (June 2006) 14/59 United Republic of Tanzania Malaysia Arusha (March 2008) 15/71(w); 16/72(w) Kuala Lumpur (July 2005) 13/58; (Nov USA 2005) 13/74; (Nov 2006) 14/64; (July Georgia (March 2007) 14/68 2007) 16/22 Green Bay (June 2007) 15/68(w) Morocco Knoxville (Feb 2008) 17/65 Marrakech (Dec 2005) 13/69 Minneapolis (Oct 1998) 14/41 Mozambique New Orleans (April 2008) 17/22 Maputo (Nov 2008) 18/15 New York (March 2008) 17/21; Netherlands (April/May 2009) 16/68 Wageningen (April 2005) 14/74; 15/76 Newhaven (April 2006) 13/75 Norway Orlando (June/July 2004) 13/22 Oslo (May 2007) 15/68(w) Pennsylvania (June 2006) 13/78 Trondheim (Oct/Nov 2007) 16/70(w) Washington, DC (July 2005) 13/73; (Oct Panama (Feb 2008) 16/71-2(w) 2006) 14/67; (Dec 2008) 18/61(w) Papua New Guinea Wisconsin (July 2006) 14/25 Alotau (Oct 2007) 16/70 Viet Nam Philippines (June/July 2006; June/July 2007) An Giang Province (Nov 2008) 18/61 13/78; 14/68-9 Hanoi (June 2005) 13/73; (June 2007) Poland 15/68; (April 2008) 14/61 Poznań (Dec 2008) 17/14; 18/56,58 Eveny, Russian Federation 13/62,63; 15/55 Warsaw (Sept 2007) 14/69(w) EWC see East-West Center, Hawaii Portugal ewe ile see Moringa oleifera Evora (Oct 2006) 14/67 Ex-Change 17/46 Russian Federation Exim Bank 18/54 34 exports cork açai pulp from Portugal 14/28 from Brazil 16/26 cosmetics agarwood (gaharu) from Russian Federation 17/5 from Malaysia 16/54 desert truffles allspice from Libya 18/36 from Jamaica 15/51 devil’s claw from Mexico 16/37 from Namibia 18/48 aromatic plants Dia Sam from Iran Islamic Republic 14/45 from Viet Nam 16/60 Ayurvedic fabric edible insects from India 13/30 from Colombia 14/42 bamboo products essential oils from China 13/5,34,35; 17/51 from Colombia 15/5 from Ethiopia 14/43 fungi from Japan 17/51 from Russian Federation 15/55-6 from Philippines 18/51 ginseng from Thailand 17/51 from Republic of Korea 13/13,38 from Viet Nam 13/66; 14/5 from USA 13/38; 14/57; 15/32 basket willow guchhi mushrooms from Chile 13/53 from India 14/44 baskets gum arabic from China 14/24 from Sudan 14/55; 15/57; 16/14; 18/52,53 beeswax gums from Angola 17/6 from India 15/49 from Ethiopia 17/6 handicrafts from Zambia 16/3 from Viet Nam 16/60 berries honey from Russian Federation 15/55-6 from Brazil 13/39; 18/39 black pepper from Bulgaria 15/44 from India 17/33 from China 13/39 black wattle bark extract from Cuba 15/46 from Brazil 17/9 from Nepal 13/39 from South Africa 17/9 from New Zealand 14/9; 15/26 Brazil nut products from Russian Federation 17/5 from Brazil 15/27 from Tasmania 15/27 Brazil nuts from Turkey 17/5 from Brazil 15/5; 16/63; 17/33 from Uganda 15/58; 16/59 from Peru 15/8; 18/32-3 from Zambia 14/58; 16/3 bushmeat indigenous foods from Africa 15/40 from Australia 17/37 butterflies ipeca products from Papua New Guinea 15/29 from Costa Rica 16/32(S) from Peru 14/53(S) jewellery butterfly larvae/pupae from Brazil 14/9 from El Salvador 14/43(S) kava from Kenya 16/29,30; 18/17-18 from Pacific Islands 16/11 caiman products kithul from Bolivia 16/45; 17/36 from Sri Lanka 14/54 camu camu lac from Peru 13/23(S); 14/52; 15/8/ 17/52 from India 13/47; 14/28; 15/50 cassia from Thailand 13/47 from China 14/54 leather from India 14/54; 16/50 from India 17/20 from Indonesia 14/54 from USA 14/23 chewing sticks lichen products from Cameroon 13/51,52 from Finland 18/9 Christmas trees maple syrup from Canada 14/41-2 from Canada 14/29; 16/48 cinnamon Mappia foetida from India 14/54 from India 13/42 from Indonesia 14/54 medicinal plants from Sri Lanka 14/54; 16/38; 17/55; 18/27 from Afghanistan 16/42 35

from Bangladesh 14/36 from Papua New Guinea 16/9 from Bulgaria 14/39 from Philippines 15/38; 18/51 from China 17/27 reptiles/skins from Germany 17/45 from Indonesia 16/39 from Ghana 14/44 from India 17/27 from China 14/20 from Iran Islamic Republic 14/45 from India 15/49 from Namibia 17/28 rhatany from Nepal 13/59; 15/30 from Peru 13/61 from Sudan 14/55 rosin from Suriname 17/55,69 from Fiji 15/36 moringa (malunggay) oil Sacha inchi oil from Philippines 17/31-2 from Peru 18/34 moss sandalwood from Europe 15/33 from Australia 14/32; 17/3,17 mulberry from Fiji 17/3 from China 18/37 from India 14/32 from Uganda 16/37; 17/54 from Papua New Guinea 16/9 mushrooms from Tonga 17/3 from Canada 13/4 from United Republic of Tanzania 16/63- from China 14/46 4 from Finland 18/43 sandalwood oil neem products from Australia 17/34 from India 13/60 sea buckthorn from Nigeria 13/59-60 from Afghanistan 16/42 NWFPs shea butter from India 13/11,13,55 from Africa 13/46(F); 14/8 from Lao People’s Democratic Republic from Burkina Faso 15/18; 17/34 14/47 from Ghana 14/44 from Nepal 13/59 from Uganda 14/56 from Russian Federation 13/3 silk from Uzbekistan 16/60 from China 16/36 from Viet Nam 14/58 silk threads oils from Uganda 13/63 from Ghana 14/40(F) silkworm eggs from Ivory Coast 14/40(F) from India 17/54 from Malaysia 14/40(F) from Republic of Korea 16/37; 17/54 oleoresins spice oils from India 15/22 from India 15/22 oudh tonka beans from Cambodia 16/27 from Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) from India 16/27 17/17 from Thailand 18/54 truffles paclitaxel from Italy 14/46 from Canada 16/17-18 xate palm fronds parrots from Guatemala 15/48 from Cameroon 18/12 from Mexico 16/55 pepper yerba mate from Sri Lanka 16/38 from Brazil 15/5 pepper berries Extension Service, Saint Lucia 15/56 from Viet Nam 15/22 extinctions pine nuts extinction events 17/10 from China 16/52 prevention 14/78(w) from Turkey 15/37; 16/52 extractive reserves (Brazil) 13/84; 16/63; 17/72 pine resin Eye (journal) 15/21 from Cuba 13/5; 15/35 from Viet Nam 14/58 F poison frogs fabrics made from NWFPs (China) 13/29; 16/24; from Peru 13/31 (Fiji) 13/54; 15/34,35; 16/8; (Hawaii) 15/35; (India) rattan products 13/30; 14/9; (Philippines) 13/29; 15/24; (Samoa) from China 15/38 15/34,35; (Taiwan) 13/29; (Tonga) 15/34,35; from Indonesia 15/38; 17/51 (Uganda) 13/29-30; (USA) 16/25 from Malaysia 15/38 Ayurvedic fabric 13/30; 14/9; 16/25 36

bamboo fabric 13/29; 14/4; 16/24; 17/22 founder 15/4; 16/79 bark cloth 13/29-30; 15/53-4; 16/25 publications 14/76 masi 13/54; 16/8 2. Gum : and rosin tapa 15/34,35; 16/13 from pine resin 15/36 hinabol 15/24 3. Report of the International Expert raffia cloth 15/53 Consultation on Non-Wood Forest Facilitating Agricultural Commodity Trade Products 15/79 (FACT) Project 17/4 17. Champignons comestibles sauvages: FACT see Facilitating Agricultural Commodity Vue d’ensemble sur leurs utilisations et Trade Project leur importance pour les populations Fadogia ancylantha (makoni tea bush) 17/60,61 14/76(F) Fagir, Belgees 14/55 17. Los hongos silvestres comestibles: fair trade 13/78; 15/78(w); 16/63 perspectiva global de su uso e importancia certification 17/34-5 para la población 13/85(S) charters (southern Africa) 13/12 18. World bamboo resources. A thematic and cosmetics industry 13/13; 17/34-5 study prepared in the framework of the Fair Trade Federation 15/23 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Fair Trade and Health for All, Spirit of Healing: 16/76 Traditional Medicine, (Pennsylvania, 2006) 19. Bees and their role in forest 13/78 livelihoods. 17/5,6,7,73; 18/25,33 FairWild Foundation 18/19 Working Documents: faiths 14/75 2. Index of Non-Wood News Issues 1-6 Faiz, Asif 18/53 14/77 Faka’osi, Tevita 17/4 3. Index of Non-Wood News Issues 7- Fakhrul Islam, A.N.M. 16/44 12 14/77 fallow see forest fallow 4. Les perspectives de la certification false morel see Gyromitra esculenta des produits forestiers non ligneux en Fantini, A.C. 15/6,35; 16/38 Afrique Centrale 16/20(F),77(F) FAO 5. Gestion des ressources naturelles CIS forestry book collection and exhibition fournissant les produits forestiers non 15/18-19 ligneux alimentaires en Afrique David Lubin Memorial Library 17/64(w) Centrale 16/21(F),77(F); 17/16(F) facts and figures 13/88(w) 6. Trade measures – tools to promote forestry photos database 13/89 the sustainable use of NWFPs? 15/76; historic archives 13/88(w) 16/45,77; 17/36; 18/12 Intergovernmental Subgroup on Tropical 7. The role of CITES in controlling the Fruits 15/30 international trade in forest products: NWFP country profiles (Uzbekistan) 16/60 implications for sustainable forest participation website 13/89 management 16/77; 17/72-3 Right to Food, The 15/78(w); 16/65(w),66,67 volunteers 18/67 Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) web resources 17/74(w) home page 16/78(w); 17/74(w); 18/66(w) Unasylva 16/66 NWFP-Digest-L 16/78(w); 17/74; 18/4,66 web sites FAO-Norway Partnership Programme (FNPP) AskFAO 13/88(w) 13/11; 14/22; 19/9 FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO) Sessions FAO personnel (17th; Rome, 2005) 13/80(w) Ako, Irene Manyi 18/40 (18th; Rome, 2007) 14/68; 15/17,64(w); 16/66 Bakker, Lonneke 15/40 (19th; Rome, 2009) 17/63; 18/58 Butler, James G. 17/60 FAO Forestry Department Carle, Jim 17/68 13/19(w),21(w),42(w),80(w),81(w),86(w),87(w),88 Chandrasekharan, Cherukat 14/37; 15/1,4,79; (w); 15/64(w) 16/1,15; (obituary) 16/79; 17/75 Assistant Director General 14/61 Chaudhury, Moushumi 15/12 climate change activities 17/8 Czudek, René 15/39 Community-based Enterprise Development Durst, Patrick B. 13/5,58,80; 14/61; 15/71; (CBED) 13/4,87; 14/64,66; 15/16 16/71; 17/23,24,65; 18/65 strategies 17/63(w) Ekwall, Barbara 16/65 volunteers 13/69; 18/67 Etherington, Tina 13/71; 14/16,77,79; 15/79; FAO Forestry 16/2; 17/75; 18/67 153. The world’s mangroves 1980-2005 17/17 Felicani Robles, Francesca 16/56(S),65(S); FAO-Netherlands Partnership Programme 14/37 17/47; 18/60 FAO Non-Wood Forest Products Programme Gauthier, Michelle 16/66; 17/67 13/69; 14/37,64 Gerrand, Adam 18/58 37

Grouwels, Sophie 13/4,87; 14/64,66; 15/16; Feingold, Russ 16/60 17/64; 18/59 Felicani Robles, Francesca 16/56(S),65(S); 17/47; Heino, Jan 14/1,61; 18/57,58 18/60 Inés Rivero, Sandra 15/6 Feng Caiyun 13/76 Jones, Eric T. 18/4,20 feral animals 13/84 Katsuhisa, Hikojiro 13/69,72(F); FERN see Forests and the EU Resources 14/22,37,62,64,76; 15/2 Network Kilawe, Edward 13/21 18/3; (Mexico) 13/85; (USA) 14/78(w); 16/76 Killmann, Wulf 13/90; 15/1; 17/1 harvesting 16/76 Kneeland, Douglas 14/68; 18/58 restoration of polluted soils 13/14-15 Knoop, Daniel 15/65; 16/67 Ferula spp. Koné, Pape Djiby 16/55(F); 17/15(F); 18/22 F. asafoetida (assafoetida) 15/49 Laub, Regina 17/8,63,73 F. narthex 16/57 Lobovikov, Maxim 16/1; 18/1 festivals Malagnoux, Michel 15/65 medicinal plants (Australia) 13/49 Moir, Brian 15/66; 18/60 fève de Calabar see Physostigna venenosum Ndoye, Ousseynou 17/64 FFIC see Forests and Forest Industry Council, Reeb, Dominique 13/80 Tasmania Rose, Simmone A. 16/77; 17/21; 18/65(F) FIA see Fundación para la Innovación Agraria, Russo, Laura 17/73 Chile Sandker, Marieka 13/20,69 FIAM see Amazon International Fair Serrano, Olman 14/19(S),76(S); 15/6(S); 18/60 Fibre Industry Development Authority, Spijkers, Ad 14/43 Philippines 17/53 Thoenes, Peter 13/46(F) fibre plants (Italy) 14/24-5 Vantomme, Paul 13/69; 15/2; 18/60 fibres, natural 15/66 Walter, Sven 13/69,72(F); 14/13,64(F); 15/2,65 see also International Year of Natural Fibres War, Hawa 16/55(F); 17/15(F); 18/22(F) and plant fibres Whiteman, Adrian 14/47,61 Ficus spp. 17/44 FAO Regional Forestry Commission F. racemosa 13/46 Asia-Pacific (APFC) 14/61,78(w); 15/70 Fiji FAO regional offices bamboo sector Africa (RAF) 15/39,40(w) training 16/5-6 FAO Working Group on Indigenous Issues 17/63 bark cloth FAP see Forestry and Agroforestry Promoters, masi 13/54; 16/8 Cameroon tapa 15/34,35 Farakunna cooperative, Mali 15/52(F) bark paper 13/54-5 Farm Africa Tanzania 16/25; 17/57 bioprospecting 13/18 Fasil Kibebew 15/47,48 dye plants 16/8 fatty oils 13/28 events FC see Forêts communautaires et Forêts Suva (Nov/Dec 2004) 16/11 communales exports FDA see US Food and Drug Administration rosin 15/36 FDCL see Forestry Development Corporation sandalwood 17/3 Ltd, Bhutan medicinal plants 16/7 FdR see Fundación del Rio mesic forest 15/74 FECOFUN see Federation of Community pine resin Forestry Users, Nepal production 15/36 Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, tapping 16/8 Germany see Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) sandalwood production 17/4 Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal tapa art 16/8 (FECOFUN) 13/59; 15/52 women’s enterprises 16/8 Federation of Environment and Ecological Fiji Pine Ltd 16/8 Diversity for Agricultural Revampment and FIL Industries Ltd 13/45 Human Rights (FEEDAR & HR), Cameroon filbert (tree) see Corylus spp. 14/40 films/CD-ROMs/DVDs Fédération des producteurs acéricoles du agarwood (gaharu) 16/27 Québec 14/29; 16/48 Don’t bring me back 18/10 Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers forests (Argentina) 18/60 17/27 medicinal plants (India) 15/79(w) FEEDAR & HR see Federation of Environment Profiting from Honey Bees 15/26 and Ecological Diversity for Agricultural Some wild-growing fruits, nuts and edible Revampment and Human Rights, Cameroon plants of the western Himalayas 18/21 feeds, animal see fodder Voices from the Forest 15/24 38

Voices from the Forest, India 18/45 Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y FIMA ONLUS see Fondazione Italiana Medici Technológico (FONDEF), Concurso Nacional per l’Africa del (XIII; Valdivia, 2007) 15/46(S) Finance Conference, Biodiversity & Ecosystem food comparisons, global 17/74(w) (New York, 2008) 17/21 Food and Drug Administration, Myanmar 14/6 Finland Food and Drug Administration, USA see US cosmetics ingredients 13/24 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) desert truffle cultivation 18/36 Food and Drug Board, Ghana 17/45 ecotourism 14/15; 16/49-50 food prices 17/1,8 exports Food Research Institute, Ghana 17/46 lichen products 18/9 Food Science Australia 17/37 mushrooms 18/43 food security (Burkina Faso) 14/39-40(F); forest management (Cameroon) 13/20; (Central Africa) 13/71-2(F); regional agreements 13/67-8 14/12(F),62-3(F); 15/64-5; 16/66,67(w),77; forests and forestry 14/78(w); 15/78(w) 17/25(F); 18/59,60(w); (Central African Republic) mushroom harvesting 18/43 13/20; (Democratic Republic of the Congo) nature-based entrepreneurship 14/15(w),74; 13/20; (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) 14/47; 15/21(w) (Zimbabwe) 15/61 Finlays Kenya 18/35 and biodiversity 15/74; 17/73 Finnish Forest Association 16/50 and bushmeat 13/20; 16/40; 18/1,11 Finnish Forest Research Institute 17/45 and climate change 17/70 Finnish Nature-based Entrepreneurship and gender 17/73 Association 15/21(w) and local knowledge of NWFPs 17/73 Fire Management Actions Alliance 18/58 and MDGs 15/9 fires 14/27,75; 17/60; (Amazonia) 14/71; (USA) and NWFPs 13/71-2(F); 14/12(F),47,62-3(F); 18/3,4 15/64-5; 16/66,67(w),77; 17/1,2,25(F); 18/1- and climate change 18/58 2,59,60(w) and forest apiculture 16/3-4 and underutilized species 14/65 and NWFP habitats 18/3,4 see also Right to Food (RtF) and World Food First Nations, Canada 16/16,48; 17/19; Summit 18/6,7,8,9,41 Food Security, Community of Sahel-Saharan Fitzherbert, Emily B. 18/57 States (CEN-SAD) Summit on Rural flaky gum (tree) see Acacia seyal Development and (Cotonou, 2008) 18/56 FLEGT see Forest Law Enforcement, Governance Food Security, FAO Special Programme for and Trade 17/74(w) Flichtentrei, Daniel 18/18(S) Food Security, High-Level Conference on Flombaum, Pedro 17/10 World: The Challenges of Climate Change and floodplain forests 13/85 Bioenergy (Rome, 2008) 17/1,8,63(w),66(w) Flora Celtica 13/89(w) Food Security, Symposium on Biodiversity for Florence, University of, Italy 13/77 (Vientiane, 2004) 14/47 , University of, USA 17/62 foods, indigenous (Australia) 17/37; (Ethiopia) FNPP see FAO-Norway Partnership Programme 17/44 FoamXperts 17/21 Foppes, Joost 14/47,48 FOCAC see Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Forbes, Jonathan 18/7,67 fodder (India) 17/48; 18/1; (Kenya) 14/31; (Nepal) Forbes Wild Foods 18/7(w),67 18/1; (Uganda) 14/31 ForCons Co. 13/89(w) Moringa oleifera 17/31 Ford Foundation 13/5; 15/77; 16/54,79; 18/5 Foden, Wendy 13/20 Fore, Troy 18/25 FoE see Friends of the Earth forest accords, international 17/62 foetid cassia see Cassia tora forest area (Africa) 14/72; (Cameroon) 17/9; foliage harvesting (Mediterranean region) 17/75 (Myanmar) 14/73; (Uganda) 17/9; (United Follat, Paull 16/28 Republic of Tanzania) 17/9 FOMABO see Proyecto Manejo Forestal increase in 15/62 Sostenible en Tierras Bajas de Bolivia forest assessment Fomes fomentarius (tinder conk) 15/60 and landscape 14/71 Fomitopsis officinalis 15/60 Forest Carbon Partnership Facility 17/9 Fon Nsoh 16/47 forest concessions (Peru) 15/8 Fondazione CARIPLO 17/43(S) Forest Connecta Burkina Faso 18/59(F) Fondazione Italiana Medici per l’Africa (FIMA forest conservation (Finland) 14/78(w); ONLUS) 13/40(w) (Himalayan region) 17/71; (India) 18/44; (Kenya) FONDEF see Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo 16/29-30; 18/17-18; (Pakistan) 14/16; (Uganda) Científico y Technológico 13/6; 17/9 and butterfly farming 16/29-30; 18/17-18 39

and development 17/9 forest policies (South Africa) 14/71; (Tunisia) and ecotourism 13/6 17/55-6; (USA) 18/64 and women 13/87 and poverty 16/74,76 forest corridors 13/59; (Cameroon) 17/9 see also policies on NWFPs Forest Cottage Industries, Study Tour on Forest Policy and Environment Programme Community-based (Philippines, 2007) 14/68-9 (FPEP), UK 14/73(w); 15/77(w) forest decentralization 18/63 Forest Products Commission, Australia 17/3 forest degradation (Ghana) 17/45; (India) 17/69 Forest Products Research and Development Forest Department, Bangladesh 17/72; 18/39 Institute (FPRDI), Philippines 15/54,55 Forest Department, India 18/44 forest rehabilitation (Nepal) 15/53; (Peru) forest-dependency 13/21; 17/72; (Canada) 15/74(S) 13/52(F); (Ghana) 14/44 and rattan management 15/53 (Malawi) 16/53; (Pakistan) 16/57 Forest Research, UK 14/56(w),57(w) and bushmeat crisis 18/11 Forest Research Centre, India 13/42 and health 14/71,73 Forest Research Centre, Lao PDR 14/47 forest development corporations (India) 17/72 Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehra Dun, forest dwellers India 14/21; 18/16,61 health security 15/13 Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) forest enterprise development (Europe) 14/73-4; 13/58,74(w); 14/48,62; 16/64; 18/28,29 15/75 forest resources Forest and Environment Development Program, assessments 17/8; (2005) 13/86; 16/25,28,76; Cameroon 14/60 17/73; 18/1,57; (2010) 18/58 forest fallow 13/54 historical overviews 13/80 forest fragmentation (Borneo) 15/72; (Mexico) value addition 17/21 15/72 Forest Resources of Portugal 14/67 forest gazetting (Malaysia) 13/58 forest restoration see forest rehabilitation; forest governance (Madagascar) 17/72 reforestation and tree planting Forest Harvest, Scotland 15/34(w) Forest Restoration Research Unit (FORRU), Forest Research Ltd 13/42 Thailand 16/71 Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back. A forest rights 17/62; (India) 13/55; 17/47 Workshop Focused on Asia-Pacific Resources Forest Science Institute of Viet Nam 15/68 and their Potential for Development (Chiang Forest State Service, Cuba 15/46 Mai, 2008) 16/71; 17/23-4,65 Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 13/36,59,62,76 forest inventories see inventories: forest see also forest/FSC certification Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Forest Survey of India 14/45; 16/51 (FLEGT) 14/12(F) Forest Trends, USA 14/20 forest laws 14/12(F); 15/72,76; (Chile) 17/42; forest understory 14/72,74,75; 15/76 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 14/43; Forest Users in the Amazon, Provoking Change: (Europe) 18/63; (Indonesia) 18/46; (Russian Strategies to Promote (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Federation) 17/55 2008) 17/68(w) enforcement 14/78(w) Forest Week, European (2008) 18/61(w) and sustainable use of NWFPs 16/66 Forest Week, World (Rome, 2009) 18/58,62 forest losses see deforestation and logging Forest and Woodland History, International forest management (Nepal) 13/83; (Nigeria) Conference on (Thessaloniki, 2007) 15/69(w) 13/60 ForestERA 17/74(w) Baltic regional agreements 13/67-8 forest/FSC certification 15/76: (Brazil) 15/7; evaluation 13/83 16/73; (Congo Basin) 18/56; (Mediterranean examples of excellence 13/80 region) 13/36(w); 14/28; 16/30; (Nepal) 13/59; participatory management 13/60 15/52; (Peru) 13/62 and poverty alleviation 16/70 for Brazil nut concessions 13/62 see also sustainable forest management for cork forests 13/36(w); 14/28; 16/30 forest mapping (Africa) 16/79(w); (Democratic ForestHarvest 16/78(w) Republic of the Congo) 17/42-3; (Suriname) forestry (Afghanistan) 16/41,42; (Angola) 13/49; 18/53-4 (Finland) 14/78(w); 15/78(w); (Philippines) 18/63 Forest Market (São Paulo, 2005) 13/3 FAO images database 13/89 forest monitoring see forest resources: and gender 15/77 assessments grey literature collection 15/77 Forest News 16/79 international context 13/85 forest partnerships, global 18/17 and landscapes 17/74(w) Forest Peoples, International Workshop on and poverty alleviation 13/49 Climate Change and (Manaus, 2008) 17/11 urban and peri-urban forestry 17/74(w) Forest Peoples Programme 16/74 Forestry and Agroforestry Promoters (FAP), forest 14/36 Cameroon 18/40(w) 40 forestry associations (China) 14/75 Forests, Trees and Livelihoods (formerly Forestry Commission of Great Britain 14/56,72 International Tree Crops Journal) 13/22(w); Forestry Commission Scotland 15/33 17/18(w) Forestry Conference, Commonwealth (18th; Forests, Trees and People Programme (FTPP) Edinburgh, 2010) 16/72(w) 13/80 Forestry Department, Fiji 17/4 Forêts communautaires et Forêts communales Forestry Department, Malaysia 16/53 (FC) 16/19(F) Forestry Department, Saint Lucia 15/56 ForLive Highlights 14/16 Forestry Department, Zambia 14/58 FORRU see Forest Restoration Research Unit, Forestry Development Corporation Ltd (FDCL), Thailand Bhutan 16/43 Fort Valley State University, USA 14/68(w) Forestry Funding News 14/79(w) Forte, Livia 14/24 Forestry Grey Literature Collection 15/77 Fortnum & Mason 13/37 forestry regulation (Papua New Guinea) 16/9-10 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Forestry Research Programme, UK 14/13 15/47 forestry sector (Bulgaria) 16/45-6; (Romania) Foundation of Italian Doctors for Africa see 15/55 Fondazione Italiana Medici per l’Africa funding 15/55 Foundation for People and Community Forestry in the Twenty-First Century, A Global Development, Papua New Guinea 14/20 Vision of, International Congress (Toronto, FPEP see Forest Policy and Environment 2007) 14/70; 15/70(w) Programme, UK Forestry, World Congress see World Forestry FPRDI see Forest Products Research and Congress Development Institute, Philippines forests (Argentina) 18/60; (Finland) 14/78(w); FRA see Global Forest Resources Assessment 15/78(w); (Madagascar) 13/89(w); Fracourtia indica (mbuguswa) 17/57 (Mediterranean region) 16/22; 17/74(w); (Papua fragrance markets (Bahrain) 16/26-7; (Saudi New Guinea) 15/78(w); (United Arab Emirates) Arabia) 14/7; (United Arab Emirates) 14/7 13/80 fragrances artificial 13/80 copaiba oil 13/24 old-growth 13/81 pau-rosa (rosewood) oil 13/25 see also International Year of Forests and sandalwood oil 13/25 national forests see also essential oils and perfumery Forests in Asia and the Pacific, The Future of: ingredients Outlook for 2020 (Chiang Mai, 2007) 15/70 FRAME Natural Products International Forests and the EU Resources Network (FERN) Workshop 15/78(w) 14/72 FRAMEweb 14/67(w); 15/78(w) Forests and Forest Industry Council (FFIC), France Tasmania 13/49 biodiversity 15/75 Forests and Forest Management to Changing cork landscapes 14/27,28 Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health, imports Adaptation of: A Review of Science, Policies and cassia powder 16/50 Practices; International Conference (Umeå, ipeca products 16/32(S) 2008) 17/67,68(w) NWFPs 13/13 Forests and Forestry in the Context of Rural parrots 18/12 Development, IUFRO European Congress rhatany 13/61 (Warsaw, 2007) 14/69(w) insect consumption 14/42 forests, future of see future of forests and mushroom harvesting 14/43-4 NWFPs pine bark extracts 14/25; 15/36; 18/19 forests, history of see history of forests and sustainable forest management 18/65(F) NWFPs truffles 13/48; 18/36,64 Forests and Livelihoods Programme 13/69 Vosges Mountains 14/73 Forests.org see Ecological Internet, Inc. frankincense (tree) see Boswellia serrata Forests, People and the NTFPs 17/40 frankincense resin (loban) 13/19; 16/14 Forests in Rural Development and Franz, K. 14/38 Environmental Sustainability, International Fraxinus oxyphylla 17/56 Conference on the Role of (Beijing, 2006) 13/76 Frazier, Penny 16/35 Forests, State of the World’s see State of the Freed, J.R. 15/61 World’s Forests (SOFO) Freiburg, University of, Germany 14/16(w),72; Forests, Trees, Human Health and Well-being, 17/68(w) International Conference on (Copenhagen, French Guiana 2006) 13/78 Amazonian Park of Guiana 15/62-3 wildlife hunting 13/80 see also Guiana shield 41

French maritime pine see Pinus pinaster spp. fungi (Costa Rica) 18/42(S); (India) 13/83; atlantica (Nepal) 13/79; (Netherlands) 17/51-2; (Sweden) French Polynesia 13/79 events biofuels 18/29 Tahiti (July 2006) 14/66 domestication 18/42(S) French Polynesia, University of 14/66 endangered species 17/51-2 FRI see Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, exports India from Russian Federation 15/55-6 Friends of the Earth (FoE)-NL 17/70 health risks 15/61 frijol see Phaseolus vulgaris imports FRIM see Forest Research Institute Malaysia by Italy 15/56 Fröde, Alexander 17/61 by Sweden 15/56 frog culture (Peru) 13/31 medicinal uses 15/20,60-1,70 fromager see Ceiba pentandra mycorrhizal associations 14/74 Frontis Workshop on Medicinal and Aromatic wild edible fungi 13/79,85(S); 14/76(F) Plants (Wageningen, 2005) 15/76 see also mushrooms and truffles Frostburg State University, USA 13/65 Fungomeli, Maria 16/29,30 Fru, N.R. 14/16 funnel chanterelle see Cantharellus tubaeformis Fruit-Inform Weekly 17/56 Funtumia spp. 17/42(F) fruit markets (Bangladesh) 17/72 furu see Vitex doniana fruit trees (Afghanistan) 16/41,42; (Amazonia) future energy 17/22 17/73 Future of Forests in Asia and the Pacific, The: planting 16/23 Outlook for 2020 (Chiang Mai, 2007) 15/70 fruit trees, indigenous 14/75; (Africa) 17/14; future of forests and NWFPs 14/70,72,75; (Burkina Faso) 14/39-40(F); (Cameroon) 13/21-2; 15/70,73; (Asia-Pacific) 14/61; 15/70-1; 18/65; (Himalayan region) 18/21; (southern Africa) (Europe) 13/80; (Latin America) 14/18(S),76(S); 13/79; (Sudan) 17/70 15/5-6(S),7(S) commercialization 13/79 Future Solutions Development Inc. (FSD) 13/34 domestication 13/21-2,85; 18/63 Future for Wild Harvests in Scotland, The sustainable harvesting (southern Africa) (Beauly, 2006) 13/77 13/12 FWS see Fish and Wildlife Service Fruitamazon 16/45 Fyhrquist, Pia 17/57 fruits, edible 18/21(w),66(w) Frutarom 16/38 G FSC see Forest Stewardship Council Gabon FSD see Future Solutions Development Inc. bushmeat 13/85; 16/39 FTPP see Forests, Trees and People Programme NWFPs 16/21(F) Fu Jinhe 13/74,77; 14/3,5; 15/47,79 gaharu (timber) see agarwood fuelwood 15/77; (Bangladesh) 13/30 gaharu (tree) see Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops ipomoea 13/30 spp. Fukumasu, Heidge 16/30 Gaia, Glória 16/23 Fulani, Nigeria 15/11 Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 13/7 Fundación Desarrollo Sostenible Comunitario, Gallia, Eleanor 14/38 Inc. (FUNDESCO), Dominican Republic Galway Mayo Institute of Technology 15/75 17/66(S)(w) Gambia Fundación para la Innovación Agraria (FIA), community forestry Chile 15/46(S) enterprise development 13/4 Fundación Privada Intervida El Salvador 17/43(S) Ganoderma spp. Fundación del Rio (FdR) 13/59 G. applanatum 15/60 Fundación Zoobreviven, Ecuador 15/21(w) G. australe 18/42(S) FUNDESCO see Fundación Desarrollo G. lucidum (reishi) 13/66; 15/20 Sostenible Comunitario, Inc. (FUNDESCO), G. oregonense 15/60 Dominican Republic G. tsugae 15/60 funding (Canada) 16/47-8; (Europe) 14/72; García, Javier 13/23(S) (Romania) 15/55 García Barrios, Fernando 14/10 forestry sector 15/55 Garcia Oviedo, Juan 13/37 NWFPs enterprises 16/47-8 Garcinia spp. research 14/16 G. cola see G.kola sources of 13/20-1(w); 14/79(w) G. intermedia (jorco) 14/42 sustainable forest management 14/72 G. kola (bitter kola) 13/21,22,51; wildlife projects 15/40 16/19(F),20(F); 17/42(F) G. lucida 16/21(F) G. manii 13/51; 17/42(F) 42 gardens see Boreal Forest Garden, UK; botanical exports gardens; home gardens; School and Home medicinal plants 17/45 Herbal Gardens programme, India and Te forest management Parapara Garden, New Zealand regional agreements 13/67-8 Garifuna, Belize 15/43 imports Gasabo Silk Culture Cooperative, Rwanda 17/54 aromatic plants 14/45 Gaultheria shallon (salal) 18/3,7 Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 Gauthier, Michelle 16/66; 17/67 butterflies 15/29 gawara see Moringa oleifera cassia powder 16/50 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment cosmetics 17/5 and Development 18/45 honey 14/9 GBIF see Global Biodiversity Information ipeca products 16/32(S) Facility kava 16/11 GCC see Gulf Cooperation Council leather 14/23 GDN see Global Development Network lichen products 18/9 Gedeo, Ethiopia 14/72 rhatany 13/61 GEF see Global Environment Facility medicinal plants 14/45; 18/19 Gekko Studio 18/45 NWFPs 13/13 gender (Cameroon) 16/74; (India) 15/76 medicinal plants and commercialization of NWFPs 16/74 overharvesting 17/45 equality natural cosmetics market 14/7 and MDGs 15/10 pine forests and food security 17/73 biodiversity 17/72 and forest conservation 13/87 wildlife hunting 18/12 and forestry 15/77 Gerrand, Adam 18/58 and local knowledge of NWFPs 17/73 Gessesse, Soloman 15/47 and traditional knowledge 15/76 GFCSD see Global Forestry Conclave and Gender, biodiversity and local knowledge Sustainable Development, Cameroon systems for food security (LinKS) project 17/73 GFTN see World Wide Fund for Nature Gender Issues in Natural Resources GFU see Global Facilitation Unit for Management – Perception and Experiences in Underutilised Species Different Parts of the World; IUFRO Conference Ghana on Gender and Forestry (Dehra Dun, 2008) bamboo sector development 13/34,55; 17/46 18/61(w) biodiversity conservation 17/72 genetic diversity bushmeat 13/79; 14/26; 17/45 and domestication 13/81 desertification prevention 17/46 Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan elephant deterrants 15/41 17/37,38(w) events genome libraries (China) 15/30 Accra (Nov 2006) 17/45 Geocities 14/74(w),78(w) Tamale (March 2006) 14/44 Geoffroea decorticans 15/10 exports George, Mkumba 15/59 medicinal plants 14/44 George Washington University, USA 13/73 oils 14/40(F) Georgia shea butter 14/44 rural associations 18/66(w) forest degradation 17/45 Georgia, University of, USA 13/89; 18/18(S) forest-dependency 14/44 Georgia Institute of Technology, USA 13/18 grasscutter farming 14/27,44 GEPSUN 14/66 home gardens 14/11 Gerasimidis, Achilles 15/69 livelihood improvement 14/44 German Agrarian Action 15/43 public-private partnerships 13/10 German Development Service (DED) 13/10; 17/61 rattan sector German Federal Agency for Nature development 13/55; 17/46 Conservation see Bundesamt für Naturschutz rattan collection 15/38 (BfN) shea butter projects 17/46; 18/34-5 German Hunting Association see Deutscher shea nut trees Jagdschutzverband (DJV), Germany destruction 14/44 German Technical Cooperation Agency see women’s projects 17/46; 18/34-5 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Ghana, University of 17/46 Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ) Ghana Standard Board 17/45,46 Germany ghatti gum see Anogeissus latifolia events Ghent University, Belgium 17/64 Bonn (May 2008) 16/70 Ghodaghodi Lake, Nepal 17/70 Isle of Vilm (Dec 2005) 14/74 43

GIAHS see Globally Important Agricultural GMTCS see Guyana Marine Turtle Conservation Heritage Systems Society Giannottu, Battista 16/30 Gnetum spp. (koko; mfumbu; okasi) 15/13; giant monkey frog see Phyllomedusa bicolor 16/19(F),20(F); 17/20,73 giant panda see Ailuropoda melanoleuca G. africanum (eru; okok) 13/22; 14/63(F); Gifts of the Forest (fair and forum) 13/73-4 16/21(F),74; 17/16(F),42(F),73(F) cultivation 14/42 G. buchholzianum (eru) 16/21(F),74; Ginkgo spp. 14/75 17/16(F),73(F) G. biloba 14/30; 16/75; 18/63 godal see Lannea coromandelica ginseng 17/16; 18/30-1 goji berries genome libraries 15/30 ORAC values 17/23 history 14/75; 15/77 goji berry (plant) see Lycium barbarum origin labelling laws (USA) 16/40 Gold, Richard 18/14 terms 15/30 goldenseal see Hydrastis canadensis see also American ginseng and Korean Gombe National Park, United Republic of ginseng Tanzania 18/10 ginseng (plant) see Panax spp. Gomercindo da Cunha, José 18/39 Ginseng Board of Wisconsin 16/60 Gomes Carneiro, Antonio Ernesto 15/7 Givaudan 17/17 Gómez León, Rafael C. 14/69; 16/15 GLFC see Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canada González, José Mardoqueo 17/43(S) GLG Life Tech Corporation 17/35 Gonzalez, Nelson 16/57 Glime, Janice M. 16/22 Goodall, Jane 14/26; 18/10 Gliocladium roseum 18/29 Goods from the Woods 16/35 Gliricidia spp. (mutamesse) 14/31 Gordon, W. 18/31 G. sepium 17/57 Gorilla Agreement 17/36 global alliance on NWFPs 13/69; 14/79 Gorilla gorilla (western gorilla) 18/10 Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) G. g. diehli (Cross River gorilla) 18/10 16/78(w) gorillas Global Development Network (GDN) 18/13 and bushmeat trade 14/27 Global Ecotourism Conference (Oslo, 2007) see also Year of the Gorilla 15/68(w) GOSMAP see Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Global Environment Facility (GEF) 13/67; Global Summit on 16/64,76 Gowda, Subbi 17/47 Global Facilitation Unit (GFU) for Underutilized Gqaleni, Nceba 16/58 Species 14/65(w); 15/71; 16/78(w); 17/31,46; 18/14 GRAIN 14/15(S)(w) see also Crops for the Future Grand Valley State University, USA 17/52 Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 17/8; Granger-Godbout, Anne-Marie 17/27 (2005) 13/86; 16/25,28,76; 17/73; 18/1,57; (2010) grapple plant see Harpagophytum procumbens 18/58 GRASP see Great Ape Survival Partnership Global Forest and Trade Network see WWF grass lily 14/6,36 Global Forest and Trade Network (GFTN) grasscutter farming (Ghana) 14/27,44 Global Forestry Conclave and Sustainable Grayson, Mark 13/17 Development (GFCSD), Cameroon 16/22-3 Great Ape Survival Partnership (GRASP) 18/10 Global Forum for Agricultural Research 14/65 Great Apes Conservation Fund 18/10 Global Horticulture Initiative (GlobalHort) 15/71 great green macaw see Ara ambigua Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry and Great Green Wall, Africa 18/56 Conservation International 16/42 Great Lakes Forestry Centre (GLFC), Canada Global Intellectual Property Project 13/17 16/17 Global NTFP Partnership Workshop Greece (Marrakech; 2005) 13/69 events Global Response 15/43 Thessaloniki (Sept 2007) 15/69(w) Global Species Programme see WWF Global forest inventories 14/72 Species Programme Green Amazon Gold see Ouro Verde Amazônia Global Vision of Forestry in the Twenty-First Green Corridor Project, Viet Nam 16/79(w) Century, International Congress (Toronto, 2007) Green Heart of Africa initiative 18/56 14/70; 15/70(w) ‘green plastic’ 14/5 global warming see climatic change Greenpeace 14/48(S),60; 15/47; 16/26 GlobalHort see Global Horticulture Initiative Greenpeace Brazil 18/40 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Greenridge Health and Herb Festival, Australia Systems (GIAHS) 18/5(w) 13/49 glossaries, environmental (EEA countries) Grevillea robusta 17/57 13/88(w) Grewia tenax 17/70 GMS Summit (2nd; Kunming; 2005) 13/68 44 grey star-tipped reindeer lichen see Cladonia by Egypt 16/14 stellaris by United Arab Emirates 15/57 Griffiths, A. 14/9 by USA 15/57 ground hemlock see Taxus canadensis marketing 18/53 Grouwels, Sophie 13/4,87; 14/64,66; 15/16; 17/64; production 15/73 18/59 gum arabic (tree) see Acacia nilotica and A. GTZ see Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische senegal Zusammenarbeit GmbH Gum Arabic Company Ltd 14/55; 15/57 guacatonga see Casearia silvestris gum karaya (tree) see Sterculia urens and S. Guadua spp. 15/5(S),8(S); 16/29 villosa G. angustifolia 15/7 gum-tapping see tapping, gum/resin Guadua 2004, International Symposium gums (Pereira, 2004) 13/86 exports Guan Xiuling 13/76 from India 15/49 guapinol see Hymenaea courbaril imports guar gum see Cyamopsis tetragonoloba by India 15/49 guaraná (Brazil) 16/17,30-1; 17/16 industrial uses 13/85 Guarani, Paraguay/South America 14/33; 16/57 international trade Guatemala statistics 15/49 exports Gustave, Donatian 15/56 xate palm fronds 15/48 Guyana fruit trees biopiracy prevention 13/16 planting 16/23 environmental services handicrafts 15/17-18 payments 17/21 Maya Biosphere Reserve 15/48 NWFPs 18/31 Maya nut projects 16/35; 17/32-3; 18/33 certification 15/48 NWFPs 15/18; 18/63 see also Amazonia and Guiana shield xate palm fronds 15/48 Guyana Marine Turtle Conservation Society women’s projects 16/35; 17/32-3; 18/33 (GMTCS) 15/48 Guaymi, Panama 18/32(S) Guyer, Jane 17/14 Gubbi, Sanjay 18/13 Gwich’in, Canada 14/73 guchhi mushrooms 14/44 Gyawali, Sushil 13/5 Guelph, University of, Canada 17/26 Gyrinops spp. 14/68; 16/27,54; 17/14 guggal G. ledermannii 16/9 imports Gyrinops spp. (timber from) see agarwood by India 18/45 Gyromitra esculenta (false morel) 18/43 guggal (tree) see Commiphora wightii Guiana shield H tropical rainforests 13/81 Ha, Do Thi Thu 16/61 see also Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; Hadden-Paton, Nigel 18/36 Guyana; Suriname and Venezuela Hagenia abyssinica (iliogoti) 16/59 (Bolivarian Republic of) hair products 14/5; 16/17 Guibourtia tessimanii (bubinga; essingan) Haiti 17/42(F) fruit tree planting 16/23 Guilielma spp. 14/17(S) Hall, Joanna 14/5,36 Guinand, Y. 17/44 Haloxylon ammodendron (saxaul) 16/60 Guinea Hamú, Denise 15/62(S) medicinal plants 14/25 Hance, Jeremy 17/43 traditional knowledge 14/25 handicrafts (Bolivia) 17/38-9(S); (Guatemala) Guinea pepper see Xylopia aethiopica 15/17-18; (Honduras) 15/36-7,bc; (Lao People’s Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation, Democratic Republic) 15/17; (Latin America) India 15/14 14/73; (Malaysia) 17/51; (Nicaragua) 14/49(S); Guleria, Randhir Singh 18/15 (Philippines) 13/29; 15/54-5 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 14/7 exports Gulf states from Viet Nam 16/60 imports imports desert truffles 18/36 by Europe 16/60 gum arabic 15/57-8,57,65; (Sudan) 18/53; by Japan 16/60 (Uganda) 15/73 by Russian Federation 16/60 alternative stabilizers 17/26 by USA 16/60 exports pine needle crafts 14/49(S); 15/36-7,bc from Sudan 14/55; 15/57; 16/14; 18/52,53 training 15/55 imports see also jewellery 45

Handloom Weavers Development Society, India pistache nuts 17/75 13/30; 14/9 rattans 15/38; 17/40-1 Handosa, Peru 18/34 standards for harvesting 13/41; 14/38,72,74; Hands Across the Desert 18/38 15/6(S),31-2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) Hanell, Björn 17/68 sustainable harvesting 15/49-50; (Indonesia) Hanh, Diep Thi My 18/55 16/27; (southern Africa) 13/12,32 Hanoi Polytechnics University see Hanoi agarwood (gaharu) 16/27 University of Technology, Viet Nam bark 13/32 Hanoi University of Technology, Viet Nam 13/66 honey 17/6 Hansda, Regina 16/10,11 mopane worms 15/28 hansebwe see Combretum fragrans pinyon nuts 16/35(w) Harapan rain forest, Indonesia 15/51 training (Canada) 17/75; 18/8 hard gum (tree) see Acacia senegal wild harvesting 13/76,77; 14/41,56-7,72; 15/74 harnat see Terminalia bellirica hashab see Acacia senegal Harpagophytum spp. 14/53; 17/28,28; 18/48,48 Hassan, Abdullah 16/52 H. procumbens (devil’s claw; grapple plant; Hassan, Eiman 14/55 sengaparile; wood spider) 13/16,16,67; 18/18,18 hats, Panama 15/6 Harungana vismia 15/19 Hausa, Nigeria 15/11 Harvard University, USA 18/26 hausa sticks 13/51 harvesting of NWFPs 14/72; (Armenia) 15/43; Hawaii (Cambodia) 17/6,40-1; (Canada) 13/74; 15/75; bark cloth 15/35 17/75; 18/8,31; (Central Africa) 17/16(F); (Czech fern harvesting 16/76 Republic) 16/49; (East Africa) 15/75; (Finland) hula harvesting 15/76 18/43; (France) 14/43-4; (Germany) 17/45; medicinal plants 18/64 (Ghana) 15/38; (Hawaii) 15/76; (India) 14/45; Moringa cultivation 17/59 18/13; (Indonesia) 15/26; (Mexico) 15/36; 16/37-8; Hawai’i at Manoa, University of 16/10(w) 18/46-7(S); (Namibia) 15/28; 18/47-8; (Nepal) Hawkins, Belinda 17/28,29 13/79; (Pakistan) 18/49; (Portugal) 14/28; hazelnut (tree) see Corylus cornuta (Scotland, UK) 15/32-4; (South Africa) 14/8,53; 18/3,4,6 16/18; (Spain) 14/28; (Sweden) 18/26; health risks associated with NWFPs (Switzerland) 14/71; (USA) 13/6,74,79,83; Bacopa 13/21 15/33,60,75; 16/34-5; (Viet Nam) 15/61 bushmeat 14/26-7; 15/40,74,76; 18/10-11 allspice 16/37-8 fungi 15/61 balsam boughs 18/65 kava 16/11 bark 14/8 stevia 16/57; 18/35 beeswax 14/45 tea tree oil 15/23 berries 14/56; 18/26 zoonoses 16/73 15/75 health security cork 14/28 and forest-dependency 13/32; 14/71,73; 17/69 devil’s claw 14/53; 18/47-8 forest dwellers 15/13 ginseng 13/79; 18/31 and MDGs 15/10 honey 14/45; 15/26 Health and Well-being, International hula 15/76 Conference on Forests, Trees, Human illegal harvesting 16/18 (Copenhagen, 2006) 13/78 berries (Belarus/Ukraine) 14/56 Heang, Sarim 16/46 mushrooms (Belarus/Ukraine) 14/56; Heart of Borneo project 15/44,62 (France) 14/43-4 Hebei Jigao Chemical Fiber Co. Ltd 16/24 sandalwood (India) 14/32; (Kenya) 14/33 Hedera canariensis 16/20 leaves 17/16(F) Hedychium coronarium 13/79 Mexican oregano 18/46-7(S) Heever, Erica van den 17/29 moringa leaves 16/33 Hegde, Narasimha 17/47 moss 13/6,74; 15/32-4,75; 17/71 Hein, Treena 16/47 mushrooms 13/79; 14/43-4,56,71; 16/49; Heino, Jan Erik 14/1,61; 18/57,58 18/43,49 Helichrysum spp. 16/20 morels 13/83; 15/75 Helicteres isora (marodphali) 17/49 overharvesting 15/43,61; 17/45; (India) 13/32- Help and Shelter, Guyana 15/48 3; (Kenya) 16/52 Helsinki, University of, Finland 14/15(w); 17/57 American ginseng 13/38 Helson, Julie 18/15 bamboo 16/52 Henle, Thomas 16/31; 17/5 ramps 15/60 Heracleum lanatum (bears’ pipes) 18/bc rattans 15/37-8 herbal medicines saal forest products 13/32-3 quality guidelines 17/72 pine nuts 15/36; 16/34-5 see also traditional medicines 46 herbal parks (Myanmar) 17/51 H. tibetana 13/45 Herbal Products, International Seminar on history of forests and NWFPs 15/79; 16/1,12-13,76; Medicinal Plants and (Tirupati, 2008) 17/65 (Brazil) 13/83; (Canada) 16/16; (Democratic herbal teas (Armenia) 17/37; (Bangladesh) 17/29; Republic of Congo) 16/16; (USA) 17/58-9 (Canada) 18/6-7; (Russian Federation) 13/62,74; ancient history 16/14 (Viet Nam) 17/59 archives HerbalEGram 18/19 CIS book collection and exhibition 15/18- HerbalGram 18/19(w) 19 Herbalists Without Borders 13/78(w); 17/12(w) FAO historic archives 13/88(w) herbariums FAO library catalogue 17/64 National Herbarium of the Netherlands ODI grey literature collection 15/77 17/55 chewing gum 15/15 HerbClip 18/19 conservation 13/83 Herbo Expo, International (Tirupati, 2008) 17/65 cork-growing 17/58-9 herbs 13/88(w); (India) 13/89(w) forest and woodland 15/69(w) see also medicinal plants ginseng 14/75; 15/30,77 Herbs from Nature 13/89(w) insect consumption 16/15(S) Herbs and Non-Timber Forest Products natural cosmetics products 14/5 Coordination Committee, Nepal 15/31 ornamental plant trade 17/69 Herbs and Development Project, Nepal piperine 17/33 14/49 wildlife management 17/70 Hericium abietis (conifer coral fungus) 15/60 History, World Congress on Environmental (1st; heritage, cultural intangible 13/29; 14/5 Copenhagen, 2009) 17/68(w) Hernández, Yolanda 17/11 HIV/AIDS see medicinal uses of NWFPs Heron, Ben 18/29 Hivos de Holanda 13/23(S) Hertz, Ole 13/59 Hlavin 15/17 Hess-Buschmann, Sibylla 17/37 Ho, David T. 16/28 Heteropogon contortus 17/49 Ho, Stanley 18/36 Heteropsis flexuosa (nibbi) 18/31 Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Hetiyanukornkul, Thaneeya 15/71 Sciences, Viet Nam 18/55 Hevea brasiliensis (caucho) 15/5(S),7(S) Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, H5N1 bird flu virus 13/18-19 Viet Nam 17/59 Hibiscus saddarifa (red ) 17/40 Hoa, Vuong Tri 16/40 hickory see Carya spp. Hoang Lien Son National Park, Viet Nam 15/61 Higaonon, Philippines 15/24 Hoare, Alison L. 17/19 Highland Natural Products (HNP) 15/58,59; Hober see truffles, desert 16/34 Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard 14/65 hijal see Barringtonia acutangulata Hogger, P. 15/36 Hill, Tucker 16/35 hogla (plant) see Typha elephantina Himachal Organic Association 14/35 holistic education (Pakistan) 16/23 Himalayan Medicinal Resources, Bhutan-Japan Holm Oaks Settlements, Vitality of Cork Oaks Symposium on Conservation and Utilization of and: Current Situation (Evora, 2006) 14/67 (Thimphu, 2006) 14/37 Holocene extinction event 17/10 Himalayan oregano (plant) see Origanum Holoptelia integrifolia 17/49 vulgare Holoschoenus vulgaris 16/15 Himalayan Oregano Project 18/29 Homalanthus nutans (malamala) 13/18 Himalayan region hombre grande see Quassia amara community forestry 14/16 home gardens 16/20,24; 17/72; (Colombia) 14/11; edible fruits CD-ROM 18/21 (Ghana) 14/11 forest conservation 17/71 Honduras medicinal plants 13/82,83; 15/31; 16/51-2,74; Maya nut projects 16/35; 17/32-3; 18/33 17/72; 18/29 pine needle handicrafts 15/36-7,bc resource conservation 14/59 resin tapping 15/73 sacred groves 16/73 right to food 16/65(S) sustainable development 13/28 and NWFPs 17/46-7(S) traditional knowledge 18/66(w) women’s projects 15/36-7,bc; 16/35; 17/32-3; see also Bhutan; India and Nepal 18/33 Himalayan screw pine see Pandanus nepalensis honey 14/58; 15/20,24; 16/3,4; 17/bc; (Cameroon) Hippophae spp. 16/47,78; (Malaysia) 13/39; (USA) 18/25 H. rhamnoides (Ladakh berry; mirhinz; sea definitions 17/5 buckthorn) 13/44,44,45; 14/6; 15/23; exports 16/42,74,75(F); 17/37-8 from Brazil 13/39; 18/39 H. salicifolia 13/45 from Bulgaria 15/44 47

from China 13/39 Hue, Nguyen Thi Bich 13/66 from Cuba 15/46 Hughson, Elizabeth 13/77 from Nepal 13/39 Huitoto, Peru 18/34 from New Zealand 14/9; 15/26 hula harvesting (Hawaii) 15/76 from Russian Federation 17/5 human footprint 13/89(w) from Tasmania 15/27 human population growth 17/1 from Turkey 17/5 human well-being 13/78 from Uganda 15/58; 16/59 and biodiversity 14/11,75 from Zambia 14/58; 16/3 Humid Forest Ecoregional Center (HFC) 17/41 harvesting 17/6,67; (Africa) 18/24,25; (Asia) humidity adjustment 18/24; (Cambodia) 17/6; (India) 14/45; by bamboo charcoal 14/3 (Indonesia) 15/26; (Kenya) 16/52; (Uganda) Huncar, Andrea 15/58 14/72 Hungary health benefits 13/89(w) truffles 14/35 honeydew 14/9; 15/25,26 hunger alleviation see food security imports Hussain, Sarwat 18/21 by Arab states 13/39 Hyde, Rose 14/55,56 by Argentina 16/3 Hydnocarpus spp. 16/14 by China 16/3 Hydrastis spp. by Europe 13/39; 14/58; 15/44,46,58; H. canadensis (goldenseal) 13/6,84; 15/32,72 16/3,59; 17/5; 18/39 Hymenaea courbaril (guapinol; jatoba) 14/38,42 by Germany 14/9 Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (Tunbridge filmy by Japan 17/5; 18/39 fern) 14/73 by Malaysia 13/39 Hyphaene spp. 17/20 by Mexico 16/3 Hyposis spp. 15/10 by USA 15/26; 17/5; 18/39 international trade 17/5 I leatherwood 13/49; 14/36; 15/27 IAAH see International Alliance against Hunger local flavours 18/25 IAB see International Association of Bryologists manuka 14/14; 15/26; 16/31; 17/5; 18/25 IACHR see Inter-American Commission on medicinal properties 13/38-9 Human Rights as pollution indicator 16/75 Iban, Malaysia 13/18 production 13/39 IBD see Instituto Biodinâmico, Brazil sugar-free honey 14/34-5 Ibibio, Nigeria 15/54 Honey – the Sweet Stuff Becoming a Sour Issue IBio see BioAtlântica Institute – International Conference (Chipping Campden, Ibrahim, Rusli 14/48 2009) 18/62 Ibrahim, Shamsudin 16/64 honey guides see Indicator spp. ICARDA see International Center for honey leaf see Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Honey Production Chain, Sectoral Chamber for, ICBR see International Centre for Bamboo and Brazil 18/39 Rattan Honey Show, World (Dublin, 2005) 18/25 ICCN see Congo Institute for Nature honeybee plants (Democratic Republic of the Conservation Congo) 13/54,82 ice cream sprinkles 14/14 Hong Kong ICF see Instituto de Conservación y Dasarrollo construction materials 15/25 Forestal, de Áreas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre, imports Honduras Brazil nuts 18/32 ICIMOD see International Centre for Integrated camu camu 15/8 Mountain Development ginseng 13/38 ICIP see International Conference on NWFPs 13/13 Indigenous People Honnef, Susanne 13/41; 17/27 ICMAP see International Council for Medicinal Hoodia spp. 13/13; 17/28; 16/18 and Aromatic Plants H. gordonii (bushman’s hat; Queen of the ICRAF see International Centre for Research in Nabib; seboka; tlhokabotshwaro) 15/43-4,43 Agroforestry and World Agroforestry Centre hormiga culona see Atta laevigata ICTSD see International Centre for Trade and tree see Moringa oleifera Sustainable Development Hossain, Mohammad Muktadir 16/42; 18/37,67 ICUC see International Centre for Underutilised Hotay, Paulina 16/25 Crops household artefacts (South Africa) 15/72 IDRC 16/79 Huang Shineng 13/73 Idris, Fahmi 17/50 huckleberries 13/65; (USA) 15/75 IERE see Institute for Environmental Research (plant) see Vaccinium ovatum and Education 48

IFAD see International Fund for Agricultural Ayurvedic fabric Development by Germany 13/30 IFCAE see Institute for Culture and Ecology by Italy 13/30 IFOAM see International Federation of Organic by Malaysia 13/30 Agriculture Movements by Singapore 13/30 IGAD see Intergovernmental Authority of by UK 13/30 Development by USA 13/30 igawo see Ensete ventricosum bamboo igname sauvage see Dioscorea spp. by India 14/43 Iguana iguana 14/50 bamboo products IIAP see Instituto de Investigaciones de la by Europe 14/5 Amazonía Peruana by Japan 13/66 IIED see International Institute for Environment by Kenya 17/51 and Development baskets IIFM see Indian Institute of Forest Management by Italy 14/24 IIRSA see Initiative for the Integration of the beeswax Regional Infrastructure of South America by Europe 16/3 Iishila, Veikko 15/28 berries IITA see International Institute of Tropical by Italy 15/56 Agriculture by Sweden 15/56 Ikalahan, Philippines 15/24 black wattle bark extract IKEC see International Kava Executive Council by Australia 17/9 Ikhatua, M.I. 18/49 Brazil nuts Ilboudo, Honorine 15/18 by Canada 18/32 Ilex spp. by Hong Kong 18/32 I. dipyrena 16/20 by UK 18/32 I. paraguariensis (yerba mate) 14/17(S); by USA 18/32 15/5(S) by Viet Nam 18/32 iliogoti see Hagenia abyssinica bushmeat illegal trade see trade, illegal by USA 15/40 Illicium spp. butterflies I. griffithii 13/80 by Canada 14/53(S) I. verum (star ) 13/25 by Germany 15/29 Imaflora 13/3 by Japan 14/53(S); 15/29 images by Spain 14/53(S) archive databases 14/78 by UK 14/53(S) FAO forestry photos database 13/89 by USA 14/53(S); 15/29 medicinal plants, India 13/89(w); 17/74(w) butterfly larvae USDA Forest Service 13/89(w) by Canada 14/43(S) Imaz, Ersin Y. 18/55 by USA 14/43(S) Imazon 13/3 caiman meat Imbrasia belina (mopane worm) 15/28; 17/24 by Italy 17/36 IMF see International Monetary Fund by Japan 17/36 IMMC see Medicinal Mushroom Conference, by USA 17/36 International (4th; Ljubljana, 2007) camu camu IMP see Iracambi Medicinal Plants project, by Canada 15/8 Brazil by Hong Kong 15/8 impebati see Polyscias fulva by Japan 15/8; 17/52 Imperial College London, UK 14/17(w); 17/44,71 by Netherlands 15/8 import values, international by USA 15/8 NWFPs (1992/2002) 13/8-9; (2004) 14/22-23 carmine and cochineal Important Bird Areas 15/72 by Bolivia 14/13 imports by Canary Islands 14/13 açai pulp by Chile 14/13 by UK 16/26 by Peru 14/13 aromatic plants by South Africa 14/13 by Germany 14/45 cassia powder by Italy 14/45 by Australia 16/50 by Pakistan 14/45 by Belgium 16/50 by Taiwan 14/45 by Denmark 16/50 by United Arab Emirates 14/45 by France 16/50 Australian indigenous foods by Germany 16/50 by Europe 17/37 by Italy 16/50 49

by Japan 16/50 by Canada 16/11 by Netherlands 16/50 by Germany 16/11 by New Zealand 16/50 by New Zealand 16/11 by Singapore 16/50 by Singapore 16/11 by Spain 16/50 by UK 16/11 by UK 16/50 by USA 16/11 by USA 16/50 lac chewing sticks by Japan 13/47 by Nigeria 13/51,52 by USA 13/47 cork leather by USA 14/28 by Canada 14/23 cosmetics by Germany 14/23 by Germany 17/5 by Netherlands 14/23 desert truffles lichen products by Europe 18/36 by Germany 18/9 by Gulf states 18/36 Lycium barbarum (goji berry) plants Dia Sam by UK 18/26 by China 16/60 maple syrup fungi by Japan 14/29 by Europe 14/44 by USA 14/29; 16/48 by Italy 14/46; 15/56; 18/43 Mappia foetida by Japan 13/4 by Japan 13/42 by Sweden 15/56 by Spain 13/42 by USA 14/44 medicinal plants ginseng by China 14/44 by China 13/38 by Europe 14/44 by Hong Kong 13/38 by Germany 14/45; 18/19 guggal by India 15/30; 16/42 by India 18/45 by Italy 14/45 gum arabic by Netherlands 17/55,69 by Egypt 16/14 by Pakistan 14/45 by United Arab Emirates 15/57 by Taiwan 14/45 by USA 15/57 by Tibet 16/42 gums by United Arab Emirates 14/45 by India 15/49 by USA 15/32 handicrafts mimosene by Europe 16/60 by Viet Nam 17/59 by Japan 16/60 moringa (malunggay) oil by Russian Federation 16/60 by USA 17/31-2 by USA 16/60 moss honey by Netherlands 15/33 by Arab states 13/39 by UK 15/33,34 by Argentina 16/3 mulberry by China 16/3 by Afghanistan 18/37 by Europe 13/39; 14/58; 15/44,46,58; by Rwanda 16/37; 17/54 16/3,59; 17/5; 18/39 mushrooms by Germany 14/9 by Europe 14/44 by Japan 17/5; 18/39 by Italy 14/46; 18/43 by Malaysia 13/39 by Japan 13/4 by Mexico 16/3 by USA 14/44 by USA 15/26; 17/5; 18/39 NWFPs ipeca products by China 14/47,48 by Austria 16/32(S) by France 13/13 by Belgium 16/32(S) by Germany 13/13 by France 16/32(S) by Hong Kong 13/13 by Germany 16/32(S) by Japan 13/13 by USA 16/32(S) by Thailand 14/47,48 jewellery by UK 13/13 by Switzerland 14/9 by United Arab Emirates 13/13 by UK 14/9 by USA 13/13 by USA 14/9 by Viet Nam 14/47,48 kava oils by Australia 16/11 by Burkina Faso 14/40(F) 50

oudh INCERT see Institute for Natural Resources by Bahrain 16/27 Conservation, Education, Research and parrots Training, India by France 18/12 income by South Africa 18/12 and bushmeat consumption 15/73 by USA 18/12 income-generation from NWFPs (Bhutan) 13/50; pepper berries (Bolivia) 14/37-8(S); (Cambodia) 16/46-7; by India 15/22 (Cameroon) 15/45; (India) 17/47; (Malaysia) pine nuts 13/58; 17/51; (Nepal) 14/48-9; (sub-Saharan by Lebanon 16/52 Africa) 15/65; (Uzbekistan) 16/60; (Zimbabwe) reptiles/skins 15/61 by Europe 16/39 bamboos and rattans 16/46-7 resins snail farming 15/45 by India 15/35, 15/49 underutilized species 14/65 by Mexico 15/35 INDECOPI see National Institute for the by Pakistan 14/58 Defense of Competition and the Protection of by Spain 15/35 Intellectual Property, Peru by USA 14/58 India rhatany apiculture by France 13/61 use of stevia 14/34-5 by Germany 13/61 aromatic plants 15/32; 16/51 by Spain 13/61 bamboo flowering by USA 13/61 and rodents 16/29 rosin bamboo-fuelled power plants 13/30; 14/4 by Australia 15/36 bamboo rice 15/25 by China 15/36 bamboo sector 13/35; 15/21 by Japan 15/36 development 15/50; 17/47,48; 18/61 by New Zealand 15/36 technology dissemination 13/34 by Republic of Korea 15/36 trade 17/48 Ryania products bamboo weaving 16/25 by Italy 16/48(S) bee colonies 17/5 by USA 16/48(S) beeswax collection 14/45 sandalwood biodiversity 13/79,82; 15/73 by India 14/32; 16/63 biopiracy 16/52; 17/13 by Switzerland 17/17 prevention 13/15; 14/10-11 sandalwood oil butterflies by UK 17/34 conservation 18/64 sea buckthorn cassia industry 16/50 by China 16/42 conservation 17/72 shea butter construction materials 13/35; 14/45; 18/23 by Canada 17/34 cosmetics industry 18/15 by Europe 13/46(F); 14/56 dried flower products 16/20 by Japan 13/46(F) dry deciduous forests 13/83 by USA 14/8 dye plants 15/24 silk products endangered plant species 13/79 by China 13/63 environmentality 13/79 by India 16/36 epidemiology 17/23 silkworm eggs events by Rwanda 16/37; 17/54 Dehra Dun (Dec 2005) 13/74; (April stevia 2006) 14/61; (Nov 2008) 18/61(w) by USA 14/34 Jabalpur (Jan 2008) 17/65 tonka beans Maharashtra (Nov 2006) 14/67 by Switzerland 17/17 Thiruvananthapuram (May 2000) 16/15 truffles Tirupati (March 2008) 17/65 by Italy 14/46 exports xate palm fronds Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 by Canada 15/48 black pepper 17/33 by USA 15/48; 16/55 cassia 14/54; 16/50 INBAR see International Network for Bamboo cinnamon 14/54 and Rattan guchhi mushrooms 14/44 INBio see Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, gums 15/49 Costa Rica lac 13/47; 14/28; 15/50 incense 13/25-6; 15/74 leather 17/20 51

Mappia foetida 13/42 protected areas 13/79 medicinal plants 17/27 saal forest products 13/32-3 neem products 13/60 sacred groves 13/82; 16/73 NWFPs 13/11,13,55 sandalwood oleoresins 15/22 harvesting 14/32 oudh 16/27 market 14/32 resins 15/49 oil industry 14/33 sandalwood 14/32 sericulture 13/56; 14/31; 15/23,76; 16/36; 17/48 silkworm eggs 17/54 single trees spice oils 15/22 valuation 17/5 fodder 17/48; 18/1 Stevia rebaudiana cultivation 13/42 forest conservation 18/44 Sundarbans mangrove forest 14/45; 15/73 forest degradation 17/69 sustainable forest management 18/63 forest development corporations 17/72 trade data on NWFPs 13/9 fruit trees traditional knowledge 13/55-6; 14/22-3 planting 16/23 databases 13/15 fungi 13/83 and gender 15/76 gender underutilized species 14/74-5 and traditional knowledge 15/76 wildlife trade 14/20 gum-tapping 14/21 women’s projects 18/15 herbs 13/89(w) see also Himalayan region Hippophae rhamnoides Indian Academy of Entomology 18/64 beverages 13/45 Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute cultivation 13/45 14/29 [correction 15/29] honey collection 14/45 Indian bee see Apis cerana indica imports Indian beer 13/40 bamboo 14/43 Indian gooseberry see Phyllanthus emblica guggal 18/45 Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) gums 15/49 15/32(w); 16/50,51 medicinal plants 15/30; 16/42 Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums pepper berries 15/22 18/31 resins 15/35; 15/49 Indian Journal of Pharmacology 15/20 sandalwood 14/32; 16/63 Indian Lac Research Institute 17/48 silk 16/36 Indian Ocean region income-generation from NWFPs 17/47 mangroves 13/82 indigenous forest rights 13/55; 16/74; 17/47 Indian Industry Research and Training insectivorous plants 15/73 Institute 13/35 insects 13/89(w) Indian sandalwood see invasive plants 18/15-16 Indian tragacanth see Sterculia urens Kaziranga National Park 16/75 Indicator spp. (honey guides) lac cultivation 14/28 [correction 15/29]; I. indicator 18/24 17/48-9 I. minor 18/24 lac industry 15/50 indicators leather industry 17/20-1; 18/45,46 biodiversity 16/64(w),74 livelihood security 13/28 ecological monitoring (Zimbabwe) 17/60 mahua 18/45 pine forest biodiversity (Germany) 17/72 medicinal plants 13/41-2,82; 14/29-30; pollution 16/75 15/31,32,72,73; 16/51-2,75; 17/71,72,75; indigenous affairs see FAO Working Group on 18/15,29,35,45,64 Indigenous Issues; International Work Group films 15/79(w) for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) and United Moringa oleifera cultivation 13/43-4 Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve 16/75 (UNPFII) NWFPs 16/50-1; 17/49-50; 18/15-16 indigenous certification (Australia) 17/17 enterprises 15/17 indigenous foods (Australia) 14/36; 17/37; 18/38; films 18/45 (Cameroon) 16/47; (Ethiopia) 17/44 harvesting 15/49-50; 18/13 exports management 17/72 from Australia 17/37 oleoresin industry 15/22 imports Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary 18/44 by Europe 17/37 participatory enterprises 15/4 indigenous handicrafts (Philippines) 13/29 Periyar Tiger Reserve 18/13,63 indigenous lands (Belize) 15/43 plant fibres 14/15 oil exploration 15/43 poverty alleviation 14/28; 16/50 indigenous languages 52

and traditional knowledge 14/60; 17/62 Itelman, Russian Federation 13/4,62,63 indigenous people (Amazonia) 13/85; 17/71(S); Kakchiquel, Guatemala 17/11 (Australia) 17/71; (Democratic Republic of the Kalapuya, USA 18/3,4 Congo) 17/42-3; (Suriname) 18/53-4; (USA) 18/3,4 Katukina, Brazil 14/19 and biodiversity conservation 15/73; 16/76 Kayan-Kenyah, Malaysia 13/18 and climate change 17/7-8,11 Kayapó, Brazil 13/3; 15/7,75 and ecological restoration 18/3,4 Kelabit, Malaysia 13/18 forest mapping 17/42-3; 18/53-4 Kenyah, Indonesia 14/30 resource management 17/71 Ketchi, Belize 15/43 rights 14/71; (India) 13/55; 16/74; 17/47; (New Kom, Cameroon 17/7 Zealand) 18/48 Koriak, Russian Federation 13/62,63 declarations 16/68 Kreung, Cambodia 16/46 and deforestation 16/74 Lambadi, India 13/41 forest rights 13/55; 16/74; 17/47 Lepcha, India 18/44 intellectual property rights 18/14 Lun Bawang, Malaysia 13/18 land rights 18/48 Mah Meri, Malaysia 16/25 Right to Food 16/67 Maori, New Zealand 14/49; 15/26; 18/48 and tourism 14/72 Matsigenka, Peru 17/71 Indigenous People, International Conference on Maya, Guatemala/Mexico 15/17,18,48; 17/11; (Kuala Lumpur, 2005) 13/58 18/46-7(S) indigenous peoples, tribes and ethnic groups Mayoruna, Peru 18/34 Aborigines, Australia 13/49-50; 14/5; 16/43; Mbo, Cameroon 16/76 17/17; 18/38 Medhara, India 13/35 Amuesha, Peru 18/34 Melanau, Malaysia 13/18 Anishinaabe, Canada/USA 14/25 Menominee, USA 15/68 Asmat, Indonesia 16/10 Métis, Canada 13/52 Ba’Aka, Cameroon 14/60 Miao, China 15/14 Bakossi, Cameroon 15/44,45 Mochica, Peru 15/42(S) Banyangi, Cameroon 16/76 Mossi, Burkina Faso 15/18 Batin Sembilan, Indonesia 15/51 Munda, India 13/19 Bedouin, Israel 15/16-17 Nakkala, India 13/41 Bidayuh, Malaysia 13/18 Nama, Botswana/Namibia/South Africa Bisaya, Malaysia 13/18 14/34 B’laan, Philippines 15/55 Nazca, Peru 15/42(S) Boni, Kenya 16/52 Nishi, India 18/44 Bora, Peru 18/34 Ojibwe, Canada/USA 18/7 Bribri, Costa Rica 18/20 Orang Asli, Malaysia 13/58; 14/48; 16/25; 17/51 Bunong, Cambodia 17/6 Oraon, India 13/19 Campa, Peru 18/34 Oromo, Ethiopia 17/44 Cashibo, Peru 18/34 Paracas, Peru 15/42(S) Chayahuita, Peru 18/34 Penan, Malaysia 13/18; 15/24 Chinantec, Mexico 16/55 Punan, Indonesia 16/27; 17/50 Chukcha, Russian federation 13/62 pygmies, Congo Basin 17/20 Cofan, Colombia 18/41,42 San (Khoisan) Bushmen, Cree, Canada/USA 13/52; 18/6 Botswana/Namibia/South Africa 13/13,20; Dapanahua, Peru 18/34 15/44; 16/18; 17/13,33; 18/47 Eveny, Russian Federation 13/62,63; 15/55 Secoya, Peru 18/34 First Nations, Canada 16/16,48; 17/19; Shipibo, Peru 18/34 18/6,7,8,9,41 Six Nations, Canada/USA 18/7 Fulani, Nigeria 15/11 Sugali, India 13/41 Garifuna, Belize 15/43 Tepehuano, Mexico 18/47 Gedeo, Ethiopia 14/72 Thami, Nepal 15/52 Guarani, Paraguay/South America 14/33; tribals, India 13/55; 16/74; 17/47 16/57 Trio (Tiriyó), Brazil/Suriname 18/53 Guaymi, Panama 18/32(S) Tsimane, Bolivia 18/18(S) Gwich’in, Canada 14/73 Tugen, Kenya 15/52 Handosa, Peru 18/34 Udege, Russian Federation 15/55; 18/5 Hausa, Nigeria 15/11 Xhosa, South Africa 14/8; 15/72 Higaonon, Philippines 15/24 Yagua, Peru 18/34 Huitoto, Peru 18/34 Yoruba, Nigeria 15/11 Iban, Malaysia 13/18 Yupik, USA 15/60 Ibibio, Nigeria 15/54 Yuqui, Bolivia 17/38-9(S) Ikalahan, Philippines 15/24 Indigenous Peoples’ Organization 17/10 53 indigenous plants (Uganda) 17/70 INERA see Institut de l’environnement et de conservation 17/70 recherche agricole, Burkina Faso indigenous trees (Bolivia) 14/74(S); (Ecuador) Inés Rivero, Sandra 15/6 14/74(S); (Pacific Islands) 14/72; 16/73; (United INFOR see Instituto Forestal, Chile Republic of Tanzania) 17/57 INFOR Inc., Canada 18/41(w) fruit trees 14/75; (Africa) 17/14; (Burkina INFORTRACE see International Farm Forestry Faso) 14/39-40(F); (Cameroon) 13/21-2; Training Centre, China 14/67 (Himalayan region) 18/21; (southern Africa) ingredients, natural 15/66-7 13/12,79; (Sudan) 17/70 INIBICO see Instituto de Investigación de la commercialization 13/79 Biología de las Cordilleras Orientales domestication 13/21-2,85; 18/63 Initiative on Forest Plantations, Ghana 17/46 sustainable harvesting 13/12 Initiative for the Integration of the Regional nut trees 14/75; (Himalayan region) 18/21; Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA) 16/62 (Mozambique) 17/33; (Pacific Islands) 17/33 ink ingredients 13/66; 14/31 Indigenous Wisdom, Sharing: an International Inocarpus fagifer (Tahitian chestnut) 16/6; 17/33 Dialogue on Sustainable Development (Green Inonotus obliquus 15/60 Bay, 2007) 15/68(w) INPA see National Research Institute of Indonesia Amazonia agarwood (eaglewood) cultivation 17/50 INRENA see National Institute of Natural Asian weaver ants 15/29 Resources, Peru bamboo sector 13/35 insect behaviour bark paintings 13/15 and bioprospecting 18/14-15 bird conservation 15/51 insect consumption see insects, edible bushmeat trade 14/26 Insect Farming and Trading Agency (IFTA), carbon trading 17/9 Papua New Guinea 15/29 community forestry 18/46 insect repellents 13/19,27; 15/58,76; 16/34; 17/3,23; events 18/7 Bali (Dec 2007) 17/9,14,50,62; (Oct 2008) see also mosquito repellents 17/68(w) insect trading (Papua New Guinea) 17/72 exports insecticides, natural cassia 14/54 neemed-based 18/64 cinnamon 14/54 insectivorous plants (India) 15/73 rattan products 15/38; 17/51 insects (India) 13/89(w) reptiles/skins 16/39 Asian weaver ants 15/29 forest laws 18/46 as colouring additives 14/13 Harapan rain forest 15/51 insects, collectible 15/28-9; (United Republic of Heart of Borneo project 15/62 Tanzania) 15/59 honey 15/24 insects, edible 16/75(S),79(w); 17/74(w); (Asia) harvesting 15/26 16/71; 17/23-4,65; (Benin) 13/37(F); (Canada) indigenous languages 14/60 14/42; (Central Africa) 16/21(F); 18/67; lac cultivation 13/47 (Colombia) 14/42; (Democratic Republic of mangrove conservation 18/46 Congo) 17/25(F); (France) 14/42; (Mexico) 13/37; medicinal plants 14/30 16/15(S); (Pacific Islands) 16/71; 17/23-4;65; orangutans 18/10 (Papua New Guinea) 16/10; (southern Africa) rattan gardens 15/38 17/24; (UK) 13/37; (United Republic of Tanzania) rattan processing 15/38 15/59; (West Africa) 18/67 resin prices 14/20 ants 14/42 sericulture 15/23 exports shifting cultivation 13/47 from Colombia 14/42 sustainable forest management history 16/15(S) community participation 13/57 mopane worms 15/28 tree diversity 13/82 nutritional value 17/24 wildlife hunting 17/72 recipes 17/24 wildlife trade 14/26 insects, forest (United Republic of Tanzania) see also Borneo 15/28,59,76 Indonesia, University of 14/26 Insects as Food, Forest: Humans Bite Back. A Indonesia Furniture Industry and Handicraft Workshop Focused on Asia-Pacific Resources Association (Asmindo) 17/50 and their Potential for Development (Chiang Indosasa chinensis (bitter bamboo) 14/47 Mai, 2008) 16/71; 17/23-4,65 industrial technology awards (Sri Lanka) 14/54 Institut de l’environnement et de recherche Industrial Technology Institute (ITI), Sri Lanka agricole (INERA), Burkina Faso 14/40(F) 14/54; 17/54 Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon 16/47 54

Institute of Applied Chemistry, China 15/30 International Association for Mediterranean Institute for Culture and Ecology (IFCAE) Forests see Association internationale forêts 13/82,83(w); 15/22(w),33(w); 16/35(w); Méditerranéennes (AIFM) 18/4(w),20(w),64(w) International Bee Research Association 17/71 Institute for Environmental Research and International Center for Agricultural Research Education (IERE), USA 13/14 in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) 16/32 Institute of Forestry, Nepal 14/16; 17/70 International Center of Silviculture (CIS) 15/18 Institute of law on International Trade and International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Development, Brazil 18/14 (ICBR) 13/74; 15/70; 16/69 Institute for Natural Resources Conservation, International Centre for Community Forestry Education, Research and Training (INCERT), (ICCF) 16/51 India 17/5 International Centre for Faith Research, Sudan Institute of Plants and Environmental 14/55 Protection, Pakistan 14/52 International Centre for Indigenous Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Phytotherapy Studies, South Africa 16/58 Research, India 16/32 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Institute of Rural, Coast and Societal Studies, Development (ICIMOD) 13/5; 15/30,31; 18/66(w) Indonesia see LP3M International Centre for Research in Institute of Science and Agricultural Research, Agroforestry (ICRAF) 13/35; 14/4,31 Rwanda 16/37 see also World Agroforestry Centre Institute of Zoology, UK 17/44,71 International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Instituto Biodinâmico (IBD), Brazil 16/45 Development (ICTSD) 14/71 Instituto de Conservación y Dasarrollo Forestal, International Centre for Underutilised Crops de Áreas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre (ICUC) 15/71(w); 16/72(w),73; 17/52(w),69 (COHDEFOR; also ICF), Honduras see also Crops for the Future 17/46(S),47(S) International Cooperation in Biodiversity grants Instituto Forestal (INFOR), Chile 15/46(S) 13/18 Instituto de Investigación de la Biología de las International Council for Medicinal and Cordilleras Orientales (INIBICO) 13/31(w) Aromatic Plants (ICMAP) 17/68(w) Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía International Design Competition for Structural Peruana (IIAP) 17/52; 18/50 Bamboo Buildings 14/4 Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y International Development Enterprises 14/48 Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario 15/26 International Ecotourism Society (TIES) Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), 15/68(w),78(w) Costa Rica 14/10; 18/42(S) International Expert Group on Biotechnology Instituto Nicaragüense de Recursos Naturales y 18/14 del Ambiente (IRENA) 16/56(S) International Farm Forestry Training Centre Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (INFORTRACE), China 14/67 (IPAM) 17/11 International Federation for Alternative Trade Instituto Socioambiental, Brazil 17/11 13/12 insulation, tripolymer foam 17/21 International Federation of Organic Agriculture Integral Forestry Company 13/5 Movements (IFOAM) 13/76,77(w); 14/72; 15/74 Integrated Community-Based Ecosystem IFOAM Conference on Organic Wild Management Project 18/48 Production (1st; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2006) 13/76; 14/72; 15/74 (ITIS) 18/25(w) International Forestry Review 16/72 intellectual property rights 13/81; 14/78(w); International Fund for Agricultural 15/14,72,74; 16/13,61; (Africa) 16/18; (Canada) Development (IFAD) 15/2; 16/32; 17/1 16/18; (Peru) 13/16; (Viet Nam) 13/42 International Institute for Environment and indigenous peoples 18/14 Development (IIED) 14/75; 15/9(w),72; 16/75,76; projects 13/17 17/10,71; 18/17 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights International Institute for Sustainable (IACHR) 15/43 Development 18/21 intercropping 17/31 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Intergovernmental Authority of Development (IITA) 16/47; 17/41 (IGAD) 18/56 International Journal of Food Microbiology 18/27 International Alliance of Forest Peoples 17/11 International Journal of Primatology 18/10 International Alliance against Hunger (IAAH) International Journal of Usufructs Management 13/89(w) (JFUM) 13/90 International Association of Bryologists (IAB) International Kava Executive Council (IKEC) 15/33; 16/22 16/11(w) International Monetary Fund (IMF) 14/60 55

International Network for Bamboo and Rattan IPAM see Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da (INBAR) 13/11,35,69,73,74,75,77(w); Amazônia 14/3(w),5(w),62,67(w); IPDEV 14/78(w) 15/6(S),7,21,38,47(w),70,79(w); 16/67(w),69,76; ipê roxo see Tabebuia heptaphylla 18/52 ipeca (plant) see Psychotria ipecacuanha International Plant Genetic Resources Institute ipeca production (Costa Rica) 16/32-3(S) 14/65 ipeca products International Resources Group (IRG) 14/67(w) exports International Social and Environmental from Costa Rica 16/32(S) Accreditation Labelling (ISEAL) 15/72 imports International Society for Horticultural Science by Austria 16/32(S) (ISHS) 13/85; 15/71 by Belgium 16/32(S) International Society of Tropical Foresters by France 16/32(S) (ISTF) 13/75 by Germany 16/32(S) International Standard Organization (ISO) 16/67 by USA 16/32(S) International Standard for Sustainable Wild ipekeso see Conyza bonariensis Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Ipomea temirostris (ekabowabowa) 14/31 (ISSC-MAP) 13/41(w); 14/38,72,74; 15/6(S),31- Ipomoea spp. 2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) I. fistulosa 13/30 Expert Workshop on (2nd, Isle of Vilm, 2005) I. involucrata (isintu) 16/59 14/74 Iracambi Medicinal Plants (IMP) project, Brazil International Trade Center 15/78(w) 14/38 International Tree Crops Journal see Forests, IRAD see Institute of Agricultural Research for Trees and Livelihoods Development, Cameroon International Tree Foundation (formerly Men of Iran Islamic Republic the Trees) 13/89(w) aromatic plants 14/45 International Tropical Timber Organization deforestation 13/57 (ITTO) 13/11,50(w),53(w),57(w),69,73; 14/62,79; exports 15/2,54,55,70(w),78(w); aromatic plants 14/45 16/57,63,64,69,70,78(w),79; 18/52 medicinal plants 14/45 International Union of Biological Sciences medicinal plants 14/45; 15/51 (IUBS) 17/68 Ireland International Union of Forestry Research events Organizations (IUFRO) 13/74,77,81,84; 14/3,5,69; Dublin (Aug 2005) 18/25 15/73,79; 16/70(w); 17/67; 18/61 grassland biodiversity 18/63 IUFRO Conference on Gender and Forestry. IRENA see Instituto Nicaragüense de Recursos Gender Issues in Natural Resources Naturales y del Ambiente Management – Perception and Experiences IRG see International Resources Group in Different Parts of the World (Dehra Dun, iroko see Milicia excelsa 2008) 18/61(w) Irvingia spp. 15/64 IUFRO European Congress 2007: Forests and I. gabonensis (andok; bush mango; mangua Forestry in the Context of Rural sauvage) 13/21,22,51; 14/63(F); Development (Warsaw, 2007) 14/69(w) 16/19(F),20(F),21(F); 17/20,42(F) International Work Group for Indigenous I. wombulu 13/51 Affairs (IWGIA) 16/67-8(w) ISEAL see International Social and International Year of Ecotourism (2002) 15/68 Environmental Accreditation Labelling International Year of Forests (2011) 15/65(w) ISHS see International Society for Horticultural International Year of Natural Fibres (IYNF) Science (2009) 15/66(w); 18/60 isintu see Ipomoea involucrata internet Islamic Medicine, Regional Scientific and illegal wildlife trade 17/36 Conference on Traditional Arabic and (1st; IntraMed 14/56; 18/18(S) Amman, 2007) 15/69(w) Inula racemosa 16/57 Islas de los Changos, Mexico 14/76 invasive species 16/64 Isle Botanica 15/35(w) plant species 14/46; 17/67; 18/15-16,64 ISO see International Standard Organization and ornamental plant trade 17/69 Israel inventories skin care projects 15/16-17 bamboo ISSC-MAP see International Standard for training 13/74 Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and forest (Greece) 14/72 Aromatic Plants NWFPs (Africa) 14/74 Istanbul University, Turkey 18/55 Iowa State University, USA 15/25 ISTF see International Society of Tropical Foresters 56

Italy Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana 17/21 Aurunci Regional Park 14/24 IYNF see International Year of Natural Fibres cork landscapes 14/27,28 IYNF-2009-L 18/60 events Florence (June 2006) 13/77; 15/73(w) J Naples (Sept 2007) 14/69-70 Jackman, Hugh 16/43 Rome (June 2002) 16/65; (March 2005) Jacques, Nora 15/37 13/80(w); (March 2007) 14/68; Jaenicke, Hannah 15/71; 16/72; 18/15 15/17,64(w); 16/66; (Feb 2008) 17/60; Jafar Shah, S. 14/16 (June 2008) 17/1,63(w),66(w); (Dec 2008) Jáger, Laszlo 13/81 18/10; (March 2009) 17/63; 18/58,62 jaggery see kithul sap exports Jagriti 15/17(w) truffles 14/46 Jamaica fibre plants 14/24-5 exports imports allspice 15/51 aromatic plants 14/45 Jambiya, George 17/36 Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 James Cook University, Australia 17/3,4,33 baskets 14/24 James Cook University Hospital, UK 15/20 berries 15/56 jamun see Syzygium cumini caiman meat 17/36 Jana, Swapan 16/32 cassia powder 16/50 Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) 18/10 fungi 15/56 Japan medicinal plants 14/45 açai mushrooms 14/46; 18/43 trademarks 15/14 Ryania products 16/48(S) Africa assistance programme 14/46 truffles 14/46 alien tree species 14/46 mugolio 14/46 apiculture 14/46 mushrooms 14/46 collectible insects 15/28 traditional knowledge 14/24-5 construction materials 16/29 truffles 13/4,47,48; 14/46; 18/36 exports see also Sardinia bamboo products 17/51 ITC Ltd 14/33; 17/3 imports ite palm see Mauritia flexuosa bamboo products 13/66 Itelman, Russian Federation 13/4,62,63 butterflies 14/53(S); 15/29 ITI see Industrial Technology Institute, Sri caiman meat 17/36 Lanka camu camu 15/8; 17/52 ITIS see Integrated Taxonomic Information cassia powder 16/50 System handicrafts 16/60 ITTO see International Tropical Timber honey 17/5; 18/39 Organization lac 13/47 IUBS see International Union of Biological maple syrup 14/29 Sciences Mappia foetida 13/42 IUCN (The World Conservation Union) mushrooms 13/4 13/3,4(w),5,20,62,74(w); 14/20; 15/6(S),62,64,68; NWFPs 13/13 16/3,39,40,61; 17/27,36,53; 18/19,66 rosin 15/36 IUCN-Canada 13/41; 17/27 shea butter 13/46(F) IUCN-NL 13/31; 15/52; 17/70 sericulture 13/56 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species stevia 14/34 16/39,40,61; 18/19,57 Japan Beekeeping Association 14/46 IUCN-Russia 18/5 Japan External Trade Organisation 14/46 IUCN/Species Survival Commission (SSC) 15/31 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Medicinal Plant Specialist Group 15/31,32 14/46 IUCN World Conservation Congress (Barcelona, Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers 14/46 2008) 18/19,57 Japan Patent Office 15/14 IUFRO see International Union of Forestry Japan Policy and Human Resources Research Organizations Development Fund 13/67 Ivory Coast Japanese Forest Society 13/76 exports Japanese ginseng see Panax japonicum oils 14/40(F) Jardín agroecológico de plantas medicinales, ivory trade 13/57; 15/39 Bougainvillea, Costa Rica 18/32(S) Ivy Cosmetics 13/24 jaributi (Nepal) 13/28 IWGIA see International Work Group for Jaspis coriacea 13/18 Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) jatoba see Hymenaea courbaril 57

Jatropha curcus (ratanjyot) 13/28; 17/49 International Journal of Forest Usufructs jatropha oil 17/31 Management (JFUM) 13/90 Jayanetti, Lionel 16/28; 18/61 International Journal of Primatology 18/10 Jefwa, George 16/29 Journal of the American College of Nutrition Jepsen, Jacob 13/43 18/30 Jessel, Beate 18/19 Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine jewellery 16/17 18/18(S) exports Journal of Ethnopharmacology 18/30 from Brazil 14/9 Journal of Evidence based Complementary imports and Alternative Medicine 18/30 by Switzerland 14/9 Journal of Infectious Diseases 18/26 by UK 14/9 Journal of Medical Microbiology 16/32 by USA 14/9 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (JMPR) tagua 14/9; 17/20; 18/17 17/18(w) JFM see Joint Forest Management, India Journal of Phytotherapy Research 18/19 JFUM see International Journal of Usufructs Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Management 15/25 JGI see Jane Goodall Institute MFP News 13/90 jhingan gum see Lannea coromandelica National Geographic Magazine 14/78(w) Jiang Chunqian 14/67 Natural Inquirer 17/73(w) JICA see Japan International Cooperation Nature & Faune Magazine 15/39-40(w) Agency Phytotherapy Research Journal 18/30 Jin Liqun 13/68 PLoS Medicine 15/20 Jin Wei 13/75; 14/67 Protein Journal 13/31 jipi japa (tree) see Carludovica palmata Research Journal of Agriculture and JMPR see Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Biological Sciences 18/49 Jobi see truffles, desert Trees for Life Journal 16/23 Joensuu, University of, Finland 13/81(w),88(w); Unasylva 16/66(w) 14/74(w); 15/75(w); 17/45 see also e-bulletins, journals and newsletters Johann, Elizabeth 15/18; 16/13 JSVVN 16/51 John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Juglans spp. (walnut) 16/35 Foundation see MacArthur Foundation J. regia (Persian walnut) 15/75; 16/56; 18/49 John, Lyndon 15/56 Jumaa, Sadi 16/52 John Paul II, Pope 13/88 Juncus effuses 18/3 Johns Hopkins University, USA 14/26; 17/14 Juneberries see Saskatoon berries Johnson, David 13/38 juniper (tree) see Juniperus spp. Johnson, Quinton 16/58 juniper forests see Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem Joint Forest Management (JFM), India 17/49 Management Project, USA joint forestry management 15/77 Juniperus spp. (juniper) 16/12 Jones, Eric T. 15/22,33; 18/4,20 J. communis 18/6 jorco see Garcinia intermedia J. occidentalis (western juniper) 14/71 Jordan jute 14/45 events JVCo. 18/35 Amman (Aug 2007) 15/69(w) journals K Alberi e Territorio 14/46 Kabole, Evelyne 15/18 Biogeosciences 18/21 kadam see Anthocephalus kadamba Carbohydrate Polymers 17/26 Kadhila-Muandingi, Pauline 13/58,59 ChinAfrica 15/47(w) Kagan-Zur, Varda 14/35 Conservation Biology 14/26 Kagawa Prefecture Sangyo Gijutsu Industrial Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Technology Centre, Japan 16/29 15/36; 18/27 Kahuzi Biega National Park, Democratic Ecology and Society 15/76(w); 16/24(w) Republic of the Congo 16/63 Eye 15/21 Kakadu National Park, Australia 13/84 Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13/22(w); kakadu plum 14/36 17/18(w) Kakchiquel, Guatemala 17/11 HerbalGram 18/19(w) Kakuru, Willy 13/34,35 HerbClip 18/19 kalabucidamu see Acalypha wilesiana Indian Journal of Pharmacology 15/20 Kalahari desert truffle see Terfezia pfeilii International Forestry Review 16/72 Kalahari Wild Silk, Namibia 15/23 International Journal of Food Microbiology kalamungan see Moringa oleifera 18/27 kalamunge see Moringa oleifera Kalantri, L.B. 17/48 58

Kalapuya, USA 18/3,4 Kent, University of, UK 14/25(w),69,70(w); 18/13 kalibwambuzi see Calliandra spp. Kenya kalunggay see Moringa oleifera African sandalwood trade bans 15/51 kambô see Phyllomedusa bicolor bamboo harvesting 16/52 Kamchatka 13/62,74 bamboo sector kamulali see Capsicum frutescens training 17/51 Kangra Herb Society, India 18/15 butterfly farming 16/29-30; 18/17-18 Kannabateomys amblyonyx (southern bamboo ecotourism 15/52 rat) 16/29 events Kant, Shashi 14/70; 15/10 Nairobi (Aug 2009) 18/62 kapok see Ceiba pentandra exports Karadeniz University, Turkey 14/67(w) butterfly pupae 16/29,30; 18/17-18 Karakul sheep (Afghanistan) 16/41,42 fodder 14/31 karanda see Carrisa carandus forest conservation karaya gum (Senegal) 15/78 and butterfly farming 16/29-30; 18/17-18 Karelia Forest Plan 17/55 honey hunting 16/52 Karen’s Specialty Skincare 17/22 imports karité (tree) see Vitellaria paradoxa bamboo products 17/51 karité en Afrique, L’Atelier international sur le Lembus forest 15/52 traitement et le marketing des produits du sandalwood harvesting 14/33 (Dakar, 2002) 13/81(F) stevia production 18/35 Karl, Thomas 18/21 tourism 13/7 Kasetsart University, Thailand 15/69 traditional knowledge 16/75 Kashyap, B.C. 14/11 Tsavo National Park 13/57 Kata, Florence 15/58 wildlife hunting 13/57 Katsuhisa, Hikojiro 13/69,72(F); Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) 16/52; 14/22,37,62,64,76; 15/2 17/51 Katukina, Brazil 14/19 Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) 13/7,57; 16/52 Katukina, Fernando 14/19 Kenyah, Indonesia 14/30 Kauffman, Gary 13/6 Keomany, Thongdeuane 15/17 kaukamea see Vernonia cinerea Kerala State Bamboo Corporation 18/23 kava Kerns, B.K. 13/65 exports Kerria lacca see Laccifer lacca from Pacific Islands 16/11 kesambi see Schleicera oleosa health risks 16/11 Ketchi, Belize 15/43 imports Ketphanh, Sounthone 14/47 by Australia 16/11 Keystone Foundation 18/45 by Canada 16/11 KGC see Korea Ginseng Corporation by Germany 16/11 Khadi and Village Industries Commission of by New Zealand 16/11 India 15/78(w); 16/78(w) by Singapore 16/11 khakhra see Butea monosperma by UK 16/11 Khalasi see truffles, desert by USA 16/11 Khan, Mir Ajab 14/51 kava (plant) see Piper methysticum Khartoum, University of, Sudan 14/55 Kava Conference, International (Suva, 2004) Khaya spp. 16/11 K. ivorensis (African mahogany) 17/45 Kavitha, P.S. 17/34 K. senegalensis 17/70 kawunyira see Tagets mihuta Khoisan see San (Khoisan) Bushmen, Kayan-Kenyah, Malaysia 13/18 Botswana/Namibia/South Africa Kayapó, Brazil 13/3; 15/7,75 Khuvsgul-Ikh Taiga 14/15 Kayitesi, Janet 15/69 Kibaki, Mwai 15/51 Kaziranga National Park, India 16/75 Kibale National Park, Uganda 14/73; 15/73 Keewatin Community College see North, Kibio 14/7 University College of the, Canada Kiddell, Glenn 14/5,6 KEFRI see Kenya Forestry Research Institute KIDF see Kohistan Integrated Development Kehimkar, Issac 18/17 Forum, Pakistan Kehinde Sanwo, (Otunba) S. 13/60 Kidman, Nicole 16/43 Kelabit, Malaysia 13/18 Kigali Institute of Education, Rwanda 18/52 Kellogg Foundation 15/61 Kiiskinen, Anssi 16/49,50 kenaf 13/91 kikoda see Momordica dioica kendu see Diospyros melanoxylon Kilawe, Edward 13/21; 14/79 Kenozerski National Park, Russian Federation Kilham, Chris 13/17; 16/57 17/53,54 Killeen, Tim 16/62 59

Killmann, Wulf 13/90; 15/1; 17/1 ky nam (timber) see agarwood Kiltz, Wayne 14/8 ky nam (tree) see Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops Kimmo, Krista 16/50 spp. Kinshasa, University of, Democratic Republic of Kyoto Protocol 17/8 the Congo 18/43 Kyrgyzstan Kipepeo project, Kenya 16/29-30 biodiversity conservation 16/75 Kishore, K. 16/7 Kitasato University, Japan 13/24 L kithul (plant) see Caryota urens labelling kithul sap sustainably-harvested NWFPs 18/19 exports Labfarve 15/67 from Sri Lanka 14/54 Laboratoire Sanoflore 14/7 tapping 14/54 Laborotorios Medick 15/67 K.K. Eyela Corporation 15/14 Labrador tea 18/6-7 K-Link 18/15 lac 13/56; 18/31 Klaussesbees 18/25 cultivation 15/76; (India) 14/28 [correction klawerbossie see Pelargonium spp. 15/29]; 17/48-9; (Indonesia) 13/47; (Viet Kneeland, Douglas 14/68; 18/58 Nam) 13/46-7 Knoop, D. 15/65; 16/67 exports Koepfli, Klaus 18/25 from India 13/47; 14/28; 15/50 Kohistan Integrated Development Forum from Thailand 13/47 (KIDF), Pakistan 14/16 imports Kohl, Herb 16/60 by Japan 13/47 koko see Gnetum spp. by USA 13/47 kola nut see Cola spp. see also Koltsovo Scientific Centre, Russian Federation Laccifer lacca (Kerria lacca; formerly Coccus 14/7 lacca) 13/24,46,47; 14/28; 17/49 Kom, Cameroon 17/7 Lactarius spp. Komatsubara, Shigeki 18/34,35 L. rufus (rufus candy milk-cap) 18/43 komol see Coula edulis L. trivialis (northern milk-cap) 18/43 konda guggilum see Boswellia ovalifoliolata Ladakh berry see Hippophae rhamnoides Koné, Pape Djiby 16/55(F); 17/15(F); 18/22 Lady Forester 14/78(w) koranch see Pongamia pinnata Lae Botanical Gardens, Papua New Guinea 16/8 Korea Agro-Trade Corporation 13/13 Lagerstromia speciosa 17/29 Korea Ginseng Corporation (KGC) 13/38 Lagos-Witte, Sonia 13/78 Korean Forest Society 13/76 Laikipia Conservancy 14/33 Korean ginseng Lake Baikal, Russian Federation 15/55 exports Lake Tanganyika Catchment Reforestation and from Republic of Korea 13/13,38 Education (TACARE) 18/10 imports Lake Victoria Basin by China 13/38 bioprospecting 15/73 by Hong Kong 13/38 Lake Victoria Environmental Management standards 13/38 Project (LVEMP) 13/34,35(w) Korean ginseng (plant) see Panax ginseng Lal, R. 16/7 Koriak, Russian Federation 13/62,63 Lal, Sanjana 17/4 Korthalsia spp. 18/51 Lam Bong Silvicultural Research Centre, Viet Korup Project, Cameroon 13/51 Nam 17/59 Kotwal, P.C. 15/32 Lambadi, India 13/41 Kouki, H’maïed 17/56 Lamien, Niéyidouba 14/40(F) Krameria lappacea (rhatany) 13/61-2,61 land rehabilitation 15/65 Kranni, Katri 15/21 Land and Sea Development-Ethiopia Plc (LSDE) Kreung, Cambodia 16/46 14/43 Kruger National Park, South Africa 15/39 land use, indigenous (Ethiopia) 14/72 Kuch, Moses 15/57 land use change (Europe) 16/78 Kudeng Sallata, M. 13/47 LandLab Ltd 13/19 kufu see Clusia spp. landscape Kumar, Pramod 17/50 and forestry 14/71; 17/74(w) Kumar, Sanjeev 17/48 languages, indigenous Kumara, Sisira 14/54 and traditional knowledge 14/60; 17/62 Kümpel, Noëlle F. 17/44 Lannea spp. Kurokawa, Tsuneo 14/46 L. coromandelica (godal; jhingan gum) 14/21; KwaZulu-Natal, University of, South Africa 16/58 17/49 KWS see Kenya Wildlife Service L. microcarpa 14/40(F) 60

Lantana camara 17/60; 18/15-16,16 from India 17/20 Lao People’s Democratic Republic from USA 14/23 biodiversity conservation corridors 13/68 imports community NWFP enterprises 14/64; 15/16,17 by Canada 14/23 ecotourism 14/46-7 by Germany 14/23 events by Netherlands 14/23 Vientiane (Oct 2004) 14/47 leatherwood (tree) see Eucryphia lucida exports leatherwood honey 13/49; 14/36; 15/27 agarwood 14/47 Lebanon NWFPs 14/47 imports food security 14/47 pine nuts 16/52 handicrafts 15/17 pinenut trade 16/52-3 lac production 13/46 Lebedev, Anatoly 15/55 livelihood improvement 14/64; 15/17 Lectinum monticola 18/42(S) NWFPs 14/47 Ledovo Group 15/56 commercialization 18/64 Ledum glandulosum 18/6 market development 14/47-8 Lee, Damien 13/19 marketing 14/64; 15/17 Leishmania donovani 16/32 poverty alleviation 14/46,61 Leitao, Sergio 18/40 wildlife trade 16/40; 18/12 LeJu 17/20 see also Mekong region Lembus forest, Kenya 15/52 lapa verde see Ara ambigua Leme, Elton 18/13 Lapacho colorado (red lapacho) 15/21 Lemessa, D. 17/44 Lapis, A.B. 18/52 Lemieux, Gilles 13/26(F),90 L’Aquila, University of, Italy 14/25 lemon aspen 14/36,36 Lara, Antonio 17/42 lemon grass see Cymbopogon martinii Larsen, H.O. 14/16 lemon myrtle see Backhousia citriodora Las Villas, (Central) University ‘Marta Abreu’ de, Lentinula aciculospora 18/42(S) Cuba 13/53 Leonard, David Bruce 18/22(w) Las Yungas Biosphere Reserve, Argentina 15/73 Leopoldina piassaba (palma chiqui-chiqui) Lash, Johnathan 15/78 15/5(S) latanyé palm see Coccothrinax barbadensis Lepcha, India 18/44 latanyé project, Saint Lucia 15/56 Lepidium peruvianum (maca) 16/57 16/16 Lepisma saccharina (silverfish) 15/76 Latham, Paul 13/54; 16/59,77 Leucaena spp. 14/31 Latin America L. glauca 16/20 environmental services 14/18-19(S) Lévesque, Ann 18/67(F) handicrafts 14/73 Ley de Modernización y Desarrollo del Sector lianas 18/31-2(S) Agrícola (LMDSA), Honduras 17/46(S) NWFPs 14/17-18(S) LfS see Learning for Sustainability Latvia Liana Cane, Sharla 18/31 forest management lianas (Latin America) 18/31-2(S) regional agreements 13/67-8 Liberia Laub, Regina 17/8,63,73 bushmeat 13/58 Laurapel soaps 16/79(w) trade 13/81 Laurentian University, Canada 16/48 community forestry 13/57-8 Laval University, Canada 13/26(F),90 ecotourism 16/53 lavender products Liberia Forest Initiative 13/58 organic certification 14/7 Libra Company Ltd 14/6 Lavichant, Chokechai 18/54 Libya Lawrence, Anna 14/53 desert truffles 18/36 Lawrey, Jim 14/31 exports Lawrey, Sara 14/31 desert truffles 18/36 laws concerning NWFPs (Central Africa) 16/66; lichen products (Nicaragua) 16/56(S) exports see also biodiversity: law centres and forest from Finland 18/9 laws imports Lawsonia inermis 18/49 by Germany 18/9 Le Breton, Gus 18/24 lichens 17/69; (Sweden) 13/79 leaf harvesting (Central Africa) 17/16(F) Life for Relief and Development programmes Learning for Sustainability (LfS) 16/78-9(w) 18/48 leather (India) 17/20-1; 18/45-6; (USA) 14/23 Lim Hin Fui 13/58,74 exports Limonia acidissima (thanakha) 14/6,bc 61

Limonium spp. 16/20 L’Occitane 13/10; 14/6,7; 15/18; 17/35 LinKS project 17/73 locust (tree) see Robinia spp. Linzey, Thomas 18/56 locusts (nzie) 17/24 Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) 18/46-7(S) Łódź, University of, Poland 16/38 liqueurs (Sardinia) 16/30 logging (Armenia) 15/43; (Cameroon) 16/77; 13/25 17/9,10; (Central African Republic) 16/77; Lisanatura 14/10 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 15/47; Lisbon, Technical University of, Portugal 14/67 17/42-3; (Tasmania) 13/49; (Viet Nam) 17/59 Lithospermum erythrorhizon (red-rooted and sustainable forest management 18/56 gromwell) 17/19 see also deforestation and timber harvesting Lithuania Lojenga, Rik Kutsch 15/67 events lokta (plant) see Daphne spp. Vilnius (July 2006) 14/59 lokta bark 18/48 forest management lokta paper (Nepal) 13/5; 18/48(w) regional agreements 13/67-8 Lolapuri, Nelofar 16/51 Litsea eliptica 18/28 Londoño, Julia Miranda 18/42 Little-White, Heather 18/27 Long, Cath 17/43 Liu Jinlong 16/70 Long, Tran Minh 16/60 Liu Shuying 15/30 Lopez, C. 14/8; 15/6,29,35; 16/38 Liu Xuehua 17/11 López, Carlos Antonio 15/54(S) livelihood improvement 14/74; 17/18; López, Fausto 15/6 (Amazonia) 14/16; (Bangladesh) 15/30-1; 16/43-4; López Rengifo de Sarmiento, Marly Cristina (Bhutan) 15/30-1; (Cameroon) 14/16; (Canada) 14/53(S); 18/50 17/18-19; (Ecuador) 15/7-8; (Ghana) 14/44; (Lao l’or des femmes see Vitellaria paradoxa People’s Democratic Republic) 14/64; 15/17; L’Oréal 14/6,7,78; 15/18; 17/31 (Nepal) 15/30-1,52; (Papua New Guinea) 16/8-9; Loscalzo, Daniel 17/31 (Russian Federation) 17/53-4; (Senegal) 18/52; Lotus Opportunities 14/48 (United Republic of Tanzania) 17/57-8 Loughborough University, UK 13/23,24(w) and apiculture 17/5,6,7,73 Lovett, Peter 18/62 and aromatic plants 16/32 Low, Jim 13/65 and medicinal plants 16/32;17/28 Lowore, Janet 16/53 and microfinance 15/75 LP3M (Institute of Rural, Coast and Societal and NWFPs 16/24 Studies), Indonesia 17/50 and underutilized species 14/65 LSDE see Land and Sea Development-Ethiopia and wildlife management 15/39-40 Plc see also income-generation from NWFPs Luhrmann, Baz 16/43 livelihood security (India) 13/28; (Malaysia) Lui, Edmund 17/25 15/76 Luiz Felício, José 16/45 and H5N1 bird flu virus 13/18-19 lukaka see Aloe spp. livelihoods (Asia) 14/75; (Bangladesh) 17/71; Lula da Silva, Luis Inacio 18/39,40 (Bolivia) 14/37; (India) 18/13; (Namibia) 17/71; Lumene 13/24 (Nigeria) 14/50-1 Lun Bawang, Malaysia 13/18 and forest governance 13/85 Lundstrom, Linda 14/4 and NWFPs 14/37; 18/13 Lush 17/34; 18/38 and oil industry 14/50-1 Lusli, Sukianto 15/51 sustainable livelihoods 18/66(w) Luttrell, Cecilia 15/77 FAO programmes 13/11; 14/22 Luziga, Mwadawa 17/57 Livelihoods, Climate Change and Sustainable LVEMP see Lake Victoria Environmental (Guildford, 2008) 18/61 Management Project liverworts (South Africa) 16/74 Lycium barbarum (goji berry; wolfberry) 17/23 Livistonia endauensis 13/58 biosecurity risks 18/26 Lizama Velasco, Juan Carlos 16/15(S) imports lizard-tail see Anemopsis californica by UK 18/26 Ljubljana, University of, Slovenia 15/70 Lynch, Kathryn 18/20 llangali see Euphorbia nyikae llausamora see Abutilon purpusii M LMDSA see Ley de Modernización y Desarrollo Maathai, Wangari 15/63 del Sector Agrícola, Honduras Mabaso, Kenneth 17/24 loban see frankincense resin Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda 15/72 Lobovikov, Maxim 16/1; 18/1 maca (plant) see Lepidium peruvianum local knowledge of NWFPs Macadamia integrifolia 13/49 and food security 17/73 MacArthur Foundation 14/17(w) and gender 17/73 Maciel, Raimundo 16/63 62

MacIver, Don 16/72 law centres 18/15 MacMillan, Douglas C. 18/13 valuation projects 16/64 Macrotermes falciger 13/37(F); 17/24,25(F) bioprospecting 13/17-18 Madagascar events apiculture 16/53 Kuala Lumpur (July 2005) 13/58; (Nov deforestation 16/53 2005) 13/74; (Nov 2006) 14/64; (July events 2007) 16/22 Antananarivo (June 2006) 14/59 exports forest governance 17/72 agarwood (gaharu) 16/54 forests 13/89(w) oils 14/40(F) medicinal plants 15/20 rattan products 15/38 sericulture 15/23,78 forest gazetting 13/58 Madagascar Declaration 14/59 Heart of Borneo project 15/62 Madani, Iyad 18/52 honey production 13/39 Made Widyana, I. 13/47 imports Madhuca spp. (mahua) Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 M. indica 16/51; 17/49 honey 13/39 M. longifolia 17/49,50 income-generation from NWFPs 13/58; 17/51 Madhya Pradesh State Forest Research Institute indigenous handicrafts 17/51 15/49,50 livelihood security 15/76 Madia sativa (tarweed) 18/3 medicinal plants 14/30 Madrid, Polytechnic University of, Spain trade 14/48 14/14,52(S); 15/42(S),54(S); 16/26(S) sago palm 15/24 Madrigal, Lilliana 18/42 tourism 18/24 madzhulu see termites traditional knowledge projects 13/17-18 Maendeleo Agricultural Technology Fund 17/57 see also Borneo MAG see Moringa Association of Ghana Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology magazines see journals (MINT) 14/48 magnolias 17/29 Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB) Mah Meri, Malaysia 16/25 16/29,54 Mahajan, Manish 18/15 male pine see Pinus caribaea Maharjan, Pradip 14/49 Mali Mahmood, Tariq 14/51 NWFPs enterprises mahogany bark 14/25 development 15/52(F) mahua (tree) see Madhuca spp. traditional healers 17/29 mahua flowers (India) 18/45 traditional knowledge 17/29 Maine Farm Bureau 15/59 Malik Al Oudh 16/27 Maine Maple Producers 15/59 Malika Handmade Paper Industry 13/5 Mairena, Renán 15/37(S) Maling, Amy 17/6 maíz see Zea mays Mallotus philippensis 16/20 Makerere University, Uganda 13/8; 16/31,33 malnutrition Makhado, Rudzani 16/58; 17/24 and MDGs 15/10 makita see Atuna racemosa Malpighia punicifolia (acerola) 17/52 makoni tea bush see Fadogia ancylantha malunggay (leaf) see moringa (leaf) Malaa, Dorothy Kenyi 16/47 malunggay (tree) see Moringa oleifera Malagnoux, Michel 15/65 Management and Conservation Organization malamala see Homalanthus nutans see Organización Manejo y Conservación Malaria Conference, Multilateral Initiative on (OMYC), Guatemala Malaria (MIM) Pan-African (4th; Yaoundé, 2005) Management of Indigenous Knowledge Systems 13/40 Project, South Africa 13/15 Malawi management of NWFPs (Amazonia) 18/16-17(S); medicinal trees (Ecuador) 13/26-7(S),54(S); sustainable bark harvesting 13/32 (India) 17/72; (Peru) 13/26-7(S) miombo woodlands 16/53 Manalo, Komfie 14/5 Nyika National Park 13/79 Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK 14/14 Malaya, University of, Malaysia 16/22; 18/15 Manda, Edgar 17/10 Malaysia Mangabeira Unger, Roberto 18/40 agarwood (gaharu) Mangifera indica 17/49 commercialization 14/48 mangrove (plant) see dogo trade 16/53-4 mangroves 18/1; (Bangladesh) 15/73; (India) bamboo weaving 16/25 14/45; 15/73; (Indian Ocean region) 13/82; bark cloth 16/25 (Indonesia) 18/46; (Senegal) 18/52 biodiversity 15/76 artificial mangroves 18/39 63

conservation 18/46 (Sudan) 18/53; (Suriname) 17/69; (Viet Nam) deforestation 13/68 13/73 environmental services 13/79; 15/19; 17/17,70 aromatic plants 14/14(w) NWFPs 17/17,70 gum arabic 18/53 replanting 18/52 honey 16/47 mangue sauvage see Irvingia gabonensis medicinal plants 14/14(w) Manikara achras (chicle) 14/18(S) natural cosmetics products 14/7 Manipula, Bighani 16/57,58 Marketingmaap 14/14(w) Manitoba Wild Harvesters’ Cooperative, Canada markets see fruit markets 14/41 Marler, Thomas 13/43 manketti nut (tree) see Schinziophyton Marlin-Bennett, Renee 13/17 rautanenii marodphali see Helicteres isora Mäntyranta, Hannes 15/15 Mars 16/19 Manu National Park, Peru 17/71; 18/64 Marshall, Elaine 14/14; 16/55; 17/40 Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd 16/31 Marshall Islands Manvelyan, Karen 15/43 traditional medicine 15/76 Manzoor Rashid, A.Z.M. 13/30 Martin, Charles 17/58 Maori, New Zealand 14/49; 15/26; 18/48 Martin, Paul 15/63 Maori garden see Te Parapara Garden, New Martin, Suzanne 14/56,57 Zealand Martinez, Dennis 18/3 Mapes, Cristina 16/38 Martínez Alfaro, Miguel Angel 16/38 Mapesa, Moses 18/55 Martirena, Fernando 13/53 maple syrup 15/78(w); 16/17,48; (Canada) 14/29; Marton-Lefèvre, Julia 18/19 17/27; (USA) 14/29; 15/59-60; 17/26-7 marula (tree) see Sclerocarya birrea exports marula beer 16/58 from Canada 14/29; 16/48 Marunda, Crispen 14/58 imports marunggay see Moringa oleifera by Japan 14/29 Maryland Biotechnology Institute, University of by USA 14/29; 16/48 (UMBI), USA 13/65(w) legal definitions 15/59-60 mashonzha see mopane worms production 14/29; 17/26-7 masi see bark cloth tapping 14/29 masica (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum Mapleland Farms, USA 17/27 Masood, Ehsan 14/60 MAPPA see Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Massachusetts, University of, USA 16/57 Programme in Asia Masscularia acuminata 13/51 Mappia foetida (amruta; narakya) 13/41-2 mastic (tree) see Pistacia lentiscus exports Mata, Milagro 18/42(S) from India 13/42 Mathew, T. 14/15 imports Mathur, Balbir 16/23 by Japan 13/42 Mati, Alamgir 14/34 by Spain 13/42 Matilainen, A. 14/15 mapping see forest mapping and species density Matos, João 15/7 mapping Matsigenka, Peru 17/71 maps 14/78(w); 15/78(w) Matta, Joseph 17/9 Millennium Development Goals 15/9 Matthei Jensen, Enrique 15/46(S) mushroom locations (Czech Republic) 16/49 Matthew, P.J. 17/75 species distribution 18/66 Matthews, Clare 14/5 vegetation (Ecuador) 13/79(S) Mauritania maracuja see Passiflora alata NWFPs 16/54-5(F) MARD see Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Mauritia spp. Development, Viet Nam M. flexuosa (buriti; ite palm; palma MARENA see Ministerio de Ambiente y canangucha) 15/5(S); 16/45; 18/31 Recursos Naturales, Nicaragua M. vinifera 15/13; 16/45 Margil, Mari 18/56 Maya (Guatemala) 15/17,18,48; 17/11; (Mexico) Marinai, Valentina 13/77 18/46-7(S) Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre, Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala 15/48 Namibia 13/58,59 Maya nut (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum maritime pine see Pinus pinaster Maya nut projects (El Salvador; Guatemala; market development for NWFPs (Lao People’s Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua) 16/35,36; 17/32-3; Democratic Republic) 14/47-8 18/33 marketing of NWFPs 14/18(S); (Brazil) 13/3; 14/9; Maya Republic [NGO]15/18 16/45; 18/40; (Cameroon) 16/47; (Canada) 18/41; Mayanga, David 17/57 (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) 14/64; 15/17; Mayank, Manu 15/21 64

Mayo Clinic, USA 17/26 Medicinal Plant Incubator Project (MPIP), Mayoruna, Peru 18/34 South Africa 16/18; 17/29,30 Mbaéré-Bodingué national park, Central African Medicinal Plant Specialist Group (MPSG), Republic 13/79 IUCN/SSC 13/41; 15/31,32; 17/27; 18/19 Mbarara University of Science & Technology, medicinal plants 13/84,85(in Hindi),88(w); 15/19- Uganda 16/33 21; (Afghanistan) 16/41; (Africa) 17/29-30; MBC see Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (Angola) 15/43; (Argentina) 15/21,73,74; Mbo, Cameroon 16/76 (Armenia) 15/43; (Bangladesh) 14/36,72; 15/30-1; mbocayá see Acrocomia totai 17/71; 18/38-9; (Bhutan) 15/30-1; (Bolivia) 15/21; Mbone Enie, Rose O. 14/20 (Borneo) 14/30; (Brazil) 13/40; 14/30,38; 15/21; Mbonile, Milline 13/64 (Brunei Darussalam) 14/30; (Bulgaria) 14/39; Mbosso, C. 13/22 (Burkina Faso) 13/40; (China) 14/30; (Colombia) mbuguswa see Fracourtia indica 18/42; (Ecuador) 15/31; (Ethiopia) 15/47-8; 17/44; mbula see Parinari curatellifolia (Fiji) 16/7; (Germany) 17/45; (Guinea) 14/25; McClatchey, Will 16/10 (Hawaii) 18/64; (Himalayan region) 13/82,83; McGill University, Canada 18/14 15/31; 16/51-2,74; 17/72; 18/29; (India) 13/41- McGuffin, Michael 16/60 2,82,89(w); 14/29-30; 15/17,31,32,72,73,79(w); McGuinty, Dalton 18/7,8 16/51-2,75; 17/71,72,74(w),75; 18/15,29,35,45,64; McLain, Rebecca 16/35 (Indonesia) 14/30; (Iran Islamic Republic) 14/45; McManus, Charles 17/58 15/51; (Madagascar) 15/20; (Malaysia) 14/30,48; McManus Cork Oak Project, USA 17/58 (Myanmar) 17/51; (Nepal) 14/72; 15/30-1; 52,73; McMullan-Fisher, Saphire 13/49,50 17/28; (Nigeria) 15/73; 18/49; (North America) MCPFE see Ministerial Conference on the 13/28; (Pacific Islands) 16/7,13; (Pakistan) 14/51-2; Protection of Forests in Europe 18/49; (Paraguay) 15/21; (Peru) 17/52(S); MDGs see Millennium Development Goals (Philippines) 17/14; (South Africa) 15/72; MDTF see Multi-Donor Trust Fund, Sudan 16/18,58-9; 17/29; (southern Africa) 13/80; Mead, Aroha 15/14 14/30,71; (Sri Lanka) 15/76; (sub-Saharan Africa) medang see Cinnamomum spp. 13/67; (Sudan) 14/55; (Suriname) 17/55,69; Medhara, India 13/35 (Togo) 18/54(F); (Tonga) 14/56; (Uganda) 15/75; Medical College Kolkata, India 16/33 16/31; (USA) 13/65; 17/58; (Viet Nam) 13/42; 15/61; Medical Miracles in Quran and Sunna, 16/61 International Symposium on (5th; Khartoum, boreal forests 13/19; 14/11 2006) 14/55 commercialization 13/80; 14/71 Medicina da Mata see Iracambi Medicinal Plants conservation 13/28,85; 14/72; 16/73; 17/51; (IMP) project, Brazil 18/63 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Frontis role of botanical gardens 17/28,29,70 Workshop on (Wageningen, 2005) 14/74; 15/76 cultivation 13/67,85 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Global Summit earliest recorded use 16/14 on (GOSMAP) (3rd; Chiang Mai, 2007) 15/71(w) endangered species 18/64 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human exports Welfare, World Congress on (WOCMAP) (III; from Afghanistan 16/42 Chiang Mai, 2003) 13/85 from Bangladesh 14/36 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (HMAPs) in from Bulgaria 14/39 Improving the Livelihood of the Rural Poor in from China 17/27 the NENA Region, Expert Consultation from Germany 17/45 Workshop on the Role of Herbal (Aleppo, 2007) from Ghana 14/44 16/32 from India 17/27 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, International from Iran Islamic Republic 14/45 Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of from Namibia 17/28 (ISSC-MAP), Expert Workshop on (2nd, Isle of from Nepal 13/59; 15/30 Vilm, 2005) 14/74 from Sudan 14/55 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Programme in from Suriname 17/55,69 Asia (MAPPA) 15/30,31 extinction risk 17/28-9 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Using Plants to fungi 15/20,60-1,70 Benefit People, World Congress on (WOCMAP) harvesting standards 13/41; 14/38,72,74; (IV; Cape Town, 2008) 17/68 15/6(S),31-2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) Medicinal Mushroom Conference, International identification guides 18/19 (IMMC) (4th; Ljubljana, 2007) 15/70(w) imports Medicinal and Nutraceutical Plants, by China 14/44 International Symposium on (Georgia, 2007) by Europe 14/44 14/68 by Germany 14/45; 18/19 medicinal pillows 14/15 by India 15/30; 16/42 by Italy 14/45 65

by Netherlands 17/55,69 snake 16/50,52; 18/44 by Pakistan 14/45 bladder see urinary tract diseases/disorders by Taiwan 14/45 blood by Tibet 16/42 circulation 13/24; 14/36; 15/13,61; 17/25; by United Arab Emirates 14/45 18/26 by USA 15/32 clotting 18/22,27 and insect behaviour 18/14-15 lipid profiles 18/50 and livelihood improvement 17/28 purification 14/33; 17/30(F); 18/22,34 marketing 14/14(w) blood diseases/disorders mycorrhizal associations 14/74 anaemia 13/55; 17/31; 18/30 overharvesting 17/45 blood pressure 13/26,35; 14/9,30,34,35; patents 13/42 15/20; 16/57; 17/13,31,37 research 14/30; 17/18 hypertension 13/14; 14/19; 17/51,56; sustainable management 17/52(S) 18/30,35 sustainable use 13/85 blood sugar 14/34,35; 15/20; 17/25,29,54; trade 18/27 domestic (Malaysia) 14/48; (Suriname) hyperlipidaemia 18/30 17/69 bone diseases/disorders 13/35; 16/13; 17/59 international 14/48; 16/51 osteomalacia 17/59 women’s projects 18/15 brain diseases/disorders 14/30,57 see also herbs Alzheimer’s disease 14/30,36; 16/61 Medicinal Plants [of Egypt], Workshop on Wild dementia 13/21; 14/36 Aromatic, Culinary and (Cairo, 2007) 16/49 Japanese encephalitis 18/28 Medicinal Plants Cultivation, Employment and memory impairment 13/21,45; 14/11,30,44; Marketing (for Farmers and Buyers), Workshop 18/27,35 on (Dehra Dun, 2005) 13/74 Parkinson’s disease 14/75; 16/17 medicinal plants festivals (Australia) 13/49 breast diseases 13/39-40; 15/21; 16/30 Medicinal Plants in French Overseas Regions, bronchitis 13/33; 14/30,32 International Conference on Aromatic and (4th; burns 13/39,44; 14/8,36; 15/26; 16/13 Tahiti, 2006) 14/66 cancer 13/35,42,49,55,59; 14/42,74,75; Medicinal Plants and Herbal Products, 15/13,19,60; 16/17,22,31,48,61; International Seminar on (Tirupati, 2008) 17/65 17/13,26,28,29,30,44,59; 18/26 Medicinal Plants Joint Conference, Biodiversity bladder 17/56 and (Kampala, 2006) 16/33 breast 13/39-40; 15/21; 16/30 medicinal trees (Malawi) 13/32; (Mozambique) cervical 17/56 13/32; (South Africa) 13/32; (Zambia) 13/32 colon 14/25; 15/21; 18/27 sustainable bark harvesting (southern eye 15/21 Africa) 13/32 lung 15/21 medicinal uses of NWFPs [see/see also mouth 14/14 references refer within the ‘medicinal uses ovarian 16/33-4 of NWFPs’ terms only] prostate 13/34; 14/25,30 abdominal pain 13/8; 15/34 skin 13/14,29 see also gastro-intestinal throat 14/14 diseases/disorders and stomach candida 13/42; 14/34; 18/27 diseases/disorders cardiovascular diseases see blood: circulation acid reflux 15/26 cholesterol 13/45,58; 15/20; 17/25; 18/26,50 AIDS see HIV/AIDS colds 13/5,35,44; 14/8,11,29; 15/14; 16/54(F); alcohol-related uses 17/13,34,56,58; 18/6 detoxification 17/37 consumption see tuberculosis hangovers 14/10 dental hygiene 13/32-3,51,61; 16/20; 18/7,42,43 anxiety 13/25; 16/11; 18/35 see also teeth and gums appetite 14/34 depression 13/25; 14/11; 16/61; 18/35 improvers 13/8; 14/33; 18/22 diabetes 13/18,42,56; 14/29,30,34,35,36,56,75; suppressants 13/13; 15/44; 16/19 15/13,19,20,26,36,42(S),57; 16/54(F); arteriosclerosis 15/23 17/26,29,51,57; 18/27,30 arthritis 13/67; 14/9,36,53; 15/20,25; 16/34; drug detoxification 17/37 18/18,19,48,50 ear diseases/disorders 16/7,34; 18/32 asthma 13/30,33; 14/26,30; 16/34,54(F) epilepsy 18/35 avian flu 16/38 eye diseases/disorders 13/45; 15/13; bites and stings 16/7,33,34,42,50; 18/36 fish 16/7 retinoblastoma 15/21 insect 14/6,36; 16/7,50; 17/44 trachoma 18/36 rabid animals 17/44 fatigue 14/11,37; 16/54(F); 17/26; 18/30,31,42 66

fertility 14/26; 16/42,60; 18/36 leg ulcers 15/26 fevers 13/8,33,40; 14/25,29,30; 16/7,12,54(F); leishmaniasis 16/32 17/34,56; 18/24 leprosy 16/14,50 chikungunya 18/28 lice 18/7 dengue fever 17/23; 18/28 lips, chapped 17/7 Ebola 14/71 liver diseases/disorders14/37; 18/30 scarlatina 17/34 hepatitis 16/7 yellow fever 17/23 lung diseases/disorders 13/45; 15/21,37,43; foot diseases/disorders 14/29 16/7,42; 17/13; 18/46(S) athlete’s foot 14/34 asthma 13/30,33; 14/26,30; 16/34,54(F) foot ulcers 15/26 bronchitis 13/33; 14/30,32 gall stones 13/17 pneumonia 15/14 gastrointestinal diseases/disorders 15/23; tuberculosis 13/33; 15/10; 16/58; 17/51 16/7,31,34; 18/18(S),30 lymphatic diseases/disorders cholera 17/34,51 filariasis 16/7; 18/28 colic 17/34 malaria 13/10,39,40,60; 14/30,71; colon cancer 14/25; 15/21; 18/27 15/5(S),10,20,31,43,73; 16/32,52; constipation 15/34,60; 18/27,42 17/12,13,29,30(F),31,34,51; 18/28,42 Crohn’s disease 15/73 menstrual disorders 18/6,32(S) diarrhoea 14/29,30,32; 15/10,24,43; mental disorders 17/25,55; 18/35 16/7,33,54(F); 17/34,51,56,57; 18/6,18(S),27 metabolism 17/25,37 digestion/indigestion 14/10,34; 16/34,42; mood enhancement 14/33 18/22 mouth dysentery 13/41; 16/7; 17/51 cancer 14/14 irritable bowel syndrome 15/26; 18/27 infections 16/7 ulcers 13/41,45; 14/29; 15/26; 17/29 ulcers 13/41 worms 15/24,59; 16/7,50; 17/30(F) MRSA 13/38; 14/14; 15/20; 18/25,29 see also stomach diseases/disorders muscles genital diseases/disorders 14/29 aches and pains 15/59; 18/34 venereal ulcers 16/7 control 13/35 gout 13/20,58; 14/30; 17/29; 18/50 cramps 14/25; 18/6,50 gynaecological disorders 13/45; 16/33-4; soreness 13/42; 14/8,36 17/55,56; 18/45 nausea 13/8; 14/32 haemorrhoids 13/40; 14/37; 16/54(F) see also vomiting hair and scalp 14/37 nervous system diseases 16/11/14; 17/25 baldness 16/17 neurofibromatosis 16/31 dandruff 17/7 rabies 17/44 headaches 13/25,45; 16/34,42; 17/13; 18/6,7,44 nutritional diseases/disorders heart diseases/disorders 13/35,56; 15/23,31; dietary intolerances 13/35 16/33,34,42; 17/29; 18/26 malnutrition 17/56 heartburn 15/26 scurvy 13/35; 16/16,34 hepatitis 16/7 vitamin deficiencies 15/10 herpes 13/14; 18/32(S) obesity 14/34,56; 15/44,65; 16/58; 17/26,28,29; HIV/AIDS 13/18,44,45; 14/11,30,71; 15/10; 18/26,30 16/18,33,58-9; 17/28,31 oesophagal ulcers 15/26 hormonal system, female 14/51 pain relief 14/25 hydrocoele 13/41 pancreatic diseases/disorders 14/34 hyperactivity 14/32,36 pneumonia 15/14 immune system 13/43,44,45,59; 14/57; 15/31; poisoning 18/30 17/25,31,34,59 by fish 16/7 inflammation 14/14,25,30,32,36; 15/20; by mercury 14/71 18/18,22,26,32(S),42,50 pregnancy and childbirth 16/7 limbs 14/29; 18/6 breastmilk production 14/30 lymphatoid 16/7 postpartum pigmentation 13/44 oedema 17/56 prevention skin 13/44 abortion 18/44 stomach 13/67 contraceptives 18/6 influenza 14/15; 16/38,54(F); 17/13,56; 18/26 umbilical cord cleansing 14/55 jaundice 13/33; 16/7 prostate diseases/disorders 13/34; 14/25,30; joint pain 13/20; 14/36,37; 17/37; 18/19 15/19 kidney diseases/disorders 13/17,38; 14/37; rabies 17/44 15/32; 16/34; 18/24,42 radiation injuries 13/45; 15/23 knee pain 18/19 67 respiratory disorders see lung tuberculosis 13/33; 15/10; 16/58; 17/51 diseases/disorders ulcers 13/39; 15/59; 16/34; 17/58 rheumatism 13/20,41; 14/53; 15/25; 16/54(F); foot 15/26 18/34,42,48,50 leg 15/26 scarlatina 17/34 mouth 13/41 sexual disorders 16/54(F); 17/25,55 oesophagus 15/26 sexually-transmitted diseases 17/34,56,57; skin 13/44 18/50 stomach 13/41,45; 14/29; 15/26; 17/29 sinuses 13/25; 17/58 throat 13/41 skin diseases/disorders 13/30,64; 14/9,55; venereal 16/7 16/31,33; 17/5,23,37,56; 18/7,32(S) urinary tract diseases/disorders 13/45; 14/32; acne 13/44; 14/32 15/32; 18/22,32 ageing 13/24,44; 14/6,8; 15/18 bladder 14/30; 15/32; 17/56 bites and stings 14/6,36; 16/7,50,52; 17/44; cystitis 14/32 18/44 vomiting 17/57 boils 16/7; 18/50 see also nausea bruises 16/13 worms, intestinal 15/24,59; 16/7,50; 17/30(F) burns 13/39,44; 14/8,36; 15/26; 16/13 wound treatment 13/20,39; 14/8; cancer 13/14,29 15/20,23,26,34; 16/7,31,34 cuts 13/44; 14/6,36; 16/7,13 Medicine at your Feet 18/21(w),64(w) dermatitis 13/44 Mediterranean region eczema 13/44; 14/8; 15/34 basket-making 14/69 freckles 14/6 chestnut stands 15/73 hard skin 17/7 cork forests 14/27-8,67 itching 14/36; 16/50 foliage harvesting 17/75 leishmaniasis 16/32 forests 16/22 leprosy 16/14,50 valuation 13/83 pimples 14/6 NWFPs psoriasis 15/23,34; 16/50 valuation 17/69 rashes 14/8 pistache harvesting scabies 17/7 MedPO see World Wide Fund for Nature scalds 13/44 Meetnet 17/51 scarring 14/8,30; 15/23,26 Megaphrynium macrostachyum 17/16(F) sores 13/39,44; 14/6,36; 15/26 Mekong region 13/89(w) sunburn 13/45; 14/6; 17/7 see also GMS Summit ulcers 13/44 Melaleuca spp. skin protection 14/8,40(F); 17/22; 18/34(F) M. alternifolia (tea tree) 13/49; 15/23; 16/43,73 sleeping difficulties 16/11; 17/31; 18/35 M. cajuputi 18/28 stings see bites and stings Melanau, Malaysia 13/18 stomach diseases/disorders 13/27,67; 14/32; Melbourne, University of, Australia 17/8 15/26,31,34,60; 16/7,31,34,52; 17/34,58; Melia azadirach 16/20 18/7,18,46(S) Meme River Forest Reserve, Cameroon 14/40 see also gastro-intestinal men diseases/disorders use of natural cosmetics 14/5-6,7 stress 13/27,35; 14/11,57; 16/11,34; 17/25 Men of the Trees see International Tree strokes 14/19,30; 16/17 Foundation sunburn 13/45; 14/6; 17/7 Mendes, Chico 17/11 swelling see inflammation Mendoza Cruz, Myrna 16/38 teeth and gums 13/20,45; 14/34; 16/54(F),57; Menedek 13/62 17/58; 18/20 Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals 14/37 pyorrhea 13/20 Menominee, USA 15/68 toothache 17/58 arvensis (wild mint) 18/7 see also dental hygiene Mercado Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil (2005) 13/3; thirst suppressants 16/18 (2007) 16/45 throat diseases/disorders 13/5; 14/32; 18/6 Merck 13/17 cancer 14/14 Meridian Institute, USA 17/65(w) coughs 13/5,40; 14/15,29,32; 15/14; 16/7,34; Merisant Co. 18/35 18/6 Merkusii spp. 14/20 inflammation 13/67 Mesembryanthemaceae 15/19 laryngitis 14/32 mesic forest (Fiji) 15/74 ulcers 13/41 Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) thrush 15/34 16/79(w) tissue regeneration 13/44 methane emissions from cattle 17/8-9 68

Métis, Canada 13/52 Mikania micrantha (wa bosucu) 16/7 Metroxylon spp. Milicia excelsa (iroko) 17/42(F) M. amicarum 16/10 Miliusa tomentosa 17/49 M. paulcoxii 16/10 milkweed see Asclepias syriaca M. sagu (sago palm) 15/24; 16/10,10 Millennium Declaration (2000) 15/9 [correction 17/11] Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) M. salomonense 16/10 14/20,59; 15/73; 16/13,65,70,75; 17/11,14(F); 18/53 M. vitiense 16/10 and NWFPs 15/9-12 M. warburgii 16/10 progress assessment 16/76 Metsähallitus 16/50 Miller, Kelly 17/31 METSO see National Forest Conservation Millettia laurentii (wengue) 17/42(F) Initiative for Southern Finland Millington, Spike 17/11 Mexican oregano see Lippia graveolens MIM see Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Mexico Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) 17/59 agaves 13/85(S) mimosene allspice production 16/37-8 imports biodiversity conservation 15/72; 16/74 by Viet Nam 17/59 cloud forests 14/71 Minc, Carlos 18/40 community forestry 14/20; 18/47 mining see coltan mining ecotourism 14/76 Ministerial Conference on the Protection of exports Forests in Europe (MCPFE) 15/73; 18/61; (4th; allspice 16/37 Vienna, 2003) 16/12; (Florence, 2006) 15/73(w) xate palm fronds 16/55 Ministerio de Agricultura, Chile 15/46(S),62(S) ferns 13/85 Ministerio de Agricultura, Spain 16/15(S) forest fragments 15/72 Ministerio del Ambiente, Ecuador 13/54(S)(w) Fundación Xochitla Botanic Garden 14/11 Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales imports (MARENA), Nicaragua 14/50(S) honey 16/3 Ministry of Agriculture, Afghanistan 16/41 pine resin 15/35 Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan 13/50; 15/31; insect consumption 13/37; 16/15(S) 17/67 Islas de los Changos 14/76 Ministry of Agriculture, Netherlands 17/51 Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) Ministry of Agriculture, Peru 18/50 harvesting 18/46-7(S) Ministry of Agriculture, Romania 15/55 Maya nut projects 16/35,36; 17/32-3; 18/33 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, NWFPs 14/75; 15/76 Saint Lucia 15/56 commercialization 13/83; 14/73 Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food value chains 14/13-14 Quality, Netherlands 18/5 palms Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of endangered species 17/70 Korea 16/58 harvesting 15/36 Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Canada 18/41 reptile skin trade 16/73 Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Jamaica 15/51 resource depletion 14/48(S) Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Solomon shifting cultivation 15/75 Islands 18/52 space research 16/19 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development women’s projects 16/35,36; 17/32-3; 18/33,46- (MARD), Viet Nam 14/58; 15/68 7(S) Ministry of Commerce, Bangladesh 15/31 xate palm fronds 16/55 Ministry of Commerce, China 14/31; 15/70; 17/66 Meza Castro, Rafael 14/53(S); 18/50 Ministry of Commerce, India 13/55 MFP News 13/90 Ministry of Commerce, Saint Lucia 15/56 mfumbu see Gnetum spp. Ministry of Defence, Rwanda 16/37 Mhlongo, Sazi 16/59 Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Taiwan Miao, China 15/14 13/29 Michaels, Thomas 15/19 Ministry of the Environment, Brazil 15/14 Mickels-Kokwe, Guni 14/58 Ministry of the Environment, Ecuador 15/21 Micro and Small Business Support Service Ministry of the Environment, Japan 14/46 (SEBRAE), Brazil 13/3; 14/9; 18/39,40 Ministry of Environment and Forests , microfinance Cameroon 15/39 and livelihood improvement 15/75 Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection, and small enterprises 13/86-7; 17/73 Cameroon 14/40 Midmore, David 14/5 Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia MIDP see Most Innovative Development Project 15/28; 16/18; 17/13; 18/48 migratory species see Convention on Migratory Ministry of Environment and Water, Bulgaria Species 14/39 69

Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, mojo (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum Botswana 13/16 mokosoi see Cananga odorata Ministry of Export and Trade, Sudan 15/57,58 Molucella spp. 16/20 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland 13/83 Momordica dioica (kikoda) 17/49 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway 15/73(w) Monday’s Trouw 17/51 Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia 15/51 Mondia whitei (mulondo) 13/8 Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, Cameroon Mongabay 16/79(w) 13/51; 14/40; 17/9 Mongolia Ministry of Forests, British Columbia, Canada medicinal pillows 14/15 13/4 monitoring see biological monitoring and Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal ecological monitoring 15/31 Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) 18/49 Ministry of Industry, Paraguay 16/57 Monrinda officinalis 13/66 Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Montero, Inka 14/16; 17/68 Brunei Darussalam 15/44 Monti e Boschi see Alberi e Territorio Ministry of Natural Resources, United Republic Montoya, Jaime 17/13 of Tanzania 13/64 Montreal Insectarium, Canada 14/42 Ministry of Planning, Saint Lucia 15/56 mopane worms (mashonzha) 17/24 Ministry of Rural Development and Self sustainable harvesting 15/28 Employment Generation, Sri Lanka 14/53 Morchella spp. (brangalu; quchi; shunti; Ministry of Science and Technology, China 14/30 shunthi) 16/55 Ministry of Science, Technology and Research, M. deliciosa 16/56,57; 18/49 Rwanda 15/69 M. esculenta 16/56,57; 18/49 Ministry of Trade, Indonesia 17/51 M. vulgaris 16/56,57; 18/49 Ministry of Trade, Viet Nam 14/58 More, Alexandra 18/57 Minnesota, University of, USA 13/14; 14/41 Moreno, Jhony 15/7 Minor Co-operative Federation Morgan, Annette 13/21 of Madhya Pradesh, India 15/4 Morinda citrifolia (noni) 15/75; 16/1,13-14,13 MINT see Malaysian Institute of Nuclear moringa (leaf) 16/33-4, 33 Technology moringa (leaf) powder trade 17/45-6 Minyobates spp. 13/31 moringa oil miombo woodlands 13/79; (Malawi) 16/53; exports (United Republic of Tanzania) 17/57-8 from Philipines 17/31-2 Miragina 16/45 imports mirhinz see Hippophae rhamnoides by USA 17/32 Mirhosseini, Hamed 17/26 Moringa Association of Ghana (MAG) 17/45,46 Mishra, Bishnu Prasad 18/45 Moringa and other Highly Nutritious Plant Mishra, Manish 15/32 Resources international workshop (Accra, 2006) Mississippi Valley, USA 17/45 floodplain forests 13/85 Moringa and Plant Resources Network 17/46 Missouri, University of, USA 16/58 Moringa Project 14/30 Missouri Botanical Garden, USA 18/19 Moringa spp. 17/32,59 Missouri Department of Conservation, USA M. oleifera (baga-ruwar maka; drumstick 13/64 tree; ewe ile; gawara; horseradish tree; Mitchell, Andrew 17/21 kalamungan; kalamunge; kalunggay; Mitragyna inermis 13/40 malunggay; marunggay; odudu oyibo) Mitsubishi Motors Corporation 14/5; 18/23 13/43,43,44; 14/30; 15/10,11; 16/33-4,33; 17/30- Mittermeier, Russell A. 16/53 1,31,45,59; 18/37,50 mlama see Combretum molle Moringanews 17/46(w) mmbuyu see Adansonia digitata Morocco moabi see Baillonella toxisperma argan forests 16/56 moambe jaune see Enanthia chlorantha cork landscapes 14/,27,28 Mochica, Peru 15/42(S) events modelling, NWFP 17/12 Marrakech (Dec 2005) 13/69 Modi indigenous handicrafts 13/29 postage stamps 18/23 MOEA see Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan Morpho spp. Mogire, Samson 16/52 M. aquilles 14/53(S) Mohamed, Nur 16/52 M. menelao 14/53(S) Mohammed V Foundation for Research and Morra, Giovanni 14/24 Argan Tree Preservation 16/56 Morrogh-Bernard, Helen 18/10 Mohideen, V.R.S.M. 17/20,21 Morus alba (mulberry; nkenene) 14/31 Moi, Daniel arap 16/52 Moschus chrysogaster 15/73 Moir, Brian 15/66; 18/60 70 moso bamboo see Phyllostachys heterocycla muhacha see Parinari curatellifolia pubescens Muir, Alister 15/68 mosquito-borne diseases Muir, Pat 13/6 and essential oils 18/28-9 Muir & McDonald Tannery, USA 14/23 mosquito repellents 13/40; 18/28 Muktadir Hossain, Mohammed 18/37,67 moss 16/76; (Canada) 13/74; 15/75; (Scotland, Mukul, Sharif Ahmed 16/44 UK) 15/32-4; (South Africa) 16/74; (Tasmania) mulberries 18/26 13/49-50; (USA) 13/6,74; 15/33,75 Mulberry, Paul C. 14/21 environmental services 16/22 mulberry (tree) see Morus alba exports mulberry cuttings from Europe 15/33 exports imports from Uganda 16/37; 17/54 by Netherlands 15/33 imports by UK 15/33,34 by Rwanda 16/37; 17/54 harvesting 13/6,74; 15/32-4,75; 17/71 mulberry juice 17/15-16 sphagnum 15/34 mulberry leaves Mossi, Burkina Faso 15/18 exports Most Innovative Development Project (MIDP) from China 18/37 awards 18/13 imports Mosteiro, Arnaldo 15/54 by Afghanistan 18/37 moths (Andean region) 13/79 Mulliken, T. 18/35 Mount Romance Australia 17/17; 18/38 mulondo see Mondia whitei mountain regions (Cambodia) 17/40; Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF), Sudan (Philippines) 17/52; (USA) 13/6 18/52,53 apiculture 17/67 Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) Pan- biodiversity conservation 13/81 African Malaria Conference (4th; Yaoundé, 2005) medicinal plants 15/31 13/40 moss harvesting 13/6 multipurpose trees 14/75 NWFPs 17/52 Broussonetia papyrifera 14/47; 15/34-5,35; Moura, Paulo Roberto Guedes 15/27,28 16/9 Moutinho, Paulo 17/11 Canarium spp. 16/6; 18/63,64 Moving the Shea Butter Industry Forward: Juniperus spp. 14/71; 16/12; 18/6 Prospects and Challenges (Tamale, 2006) 14/44 Khaya senegalensis 17/70 Moyene, Apollinaire Biloso 18/43 Morinda citrifolia 16/1,13-14,13 Mozambique Moringa oleifera 13/43,43,44; 14/30; 15/10,11; ecotourism 13/67 16/33-4,33; 17/30-1,31,32,45,59; 18/37,50 events Pandanus tectorius 16/9 Maputo (Nov 2008) 18/15 muluku see Tephrosia spp. indigenous nut trees 17/33 Munda, India 13/19 medicinal trees Mundo Forestal, Costa Rica 14/42(w); sustainable bark harvesting 13/32 15/78(S)(w) transboundary protected areas 13/67 mungomu see Schinziophyton rautanenii wildlife hunting 16/74 Munich, University of, Germany 16/73(w) Mozie, Curtis 18/26 Munro, Paul 15/57 Mozigone 13/40 munthari 14/36 MPIP see Medicinal Plant Incubator Project, murta (plant) see Schumannianthus dichotoma South Africa murta weaving (Bangladesh) 16/44 MPSG see Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, Musa textilis (abaca) 13/8; 14/22 IUCN/SSC Musayev, Mirza 17/38 mpule see Combretum molle Museu Goeldi 15/27 mpululu see Terminalia kaiserana and Mushroom Conference, International Medicinal Terminalia sericea (4th; Ljubljana, 2007) 15/70(w) MRSA Mushroom Industry 2008: international prevention/treatment 14/14; 15/20; 18/25,29 conference-exhibition (III; Kiev, 2008) 17/56 tea tree oil warning 15/23 mushrooms 13/81(S); 14/75; 18/bc; (Afghanistan) see also Staphylococcus aureus 16/41; (Belize) 18/30; (Czech Republic) 13/53-4; MTIB see Malaysian Timber Industry Board 16/49; (Italy) 14/46; (Namibia) 13/58-9; MTT Agrifood Research Finland 15/15 (Pakistan) 16/56,57; (Tasmania) 13/49-50; muchakata see Parinari curatellifolia (Ukraine) 17/56; (USA) 13/65,83; 14/73; 15/75 Muchuweti, Maud 15/61 antibiotics 18/29 Mucuna prurens 13/28 as biofuels 13/31 Mugisha, Maude 16/59 as cosmetics ingredients 14/7 mugolio essential oil 14/46 cultivation 13/58-9 71

edible mushrooms NAILSMA see North Australian Indigenous chanterelle 13/65 Land and Sea Management Alliance guchhi 14/44 Nair, M.N.B. 14/21 morels 13/83; 15/75; 16/56,57 Na-Jaqna Conservancy, Namibia 18/47,48 exports Nakkala, India 13/41 from Canada 13/4 Nama, Botswana/Namibia/South Africa 14/34 from China 14/46 namatipo see Terminalia sericea from Finland 18/43 Namgyel, Phuntsho 13/50 from India 14/44 Namibia harvesting 13/53-4,83; 15/75; 16/49; (Belarus) biopiracy/bioprospecting 17/13 14/56; (Finland) 18/43; (France) 14/43-4; prevention 13/16; 16/18-19 (Pakistan) 16/56,57; 18/49; (Switzerland) community forestry 18/48 14/71; (Ukraine) 14/56 desert truffles 14/35 imports devil’s claw harvesting 18/47-8 by Europe 14/44 exports by Italy 14/46; 18/43 devil’s claw 18/48 by Japan 13/4 medicinal plants 17/28 by USA 14/44 livelihoods 17/71 new species 18/30 mopane worm harvesting 15/28 prices 14/44; 17/56 mushroom cultivation 13/58-9 wild mushrooms 17/74(w) quiver trees 13/20 musk trade (Pakistan) 15/74 sericulture 15/23 mustard (plant) see Brassica campestris traditional knowledge 17/13 mutamesse see Gliricidia spp. Namibia, University of (UNAM) 13/58,59; 17/13 muthirioni see Santalum spp. Namutebi, Ritah 16/33 Mutter, John 16/27 Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India 16/75 Mutumbajoy, Luciano 18/42 Nanes, Bob 14/49 Muvara, Peter 16/36,37; 17/54 NAPIM see National Association of Printing Ink muzimbandegeya see Sesbania spp. Manufacturers, Viet Nam Myanmar narakya see Mappia foetida Alungdaw Kathapa National Park 13/58 NARC see National Agricultural Research biodiversity conservation corridors 13/68 Centre, Pakistan forest area 14/73 Nardostachys spp. herbal parks 17/51 N. grandiflora 13/83 medicinal plants N. jatamansi (spikenard) 13/25 conservation 17/51 NARICT see National Research Institute for natural cosmetics products 14/6 Chemical Technology, Nigeria sandalwood oil 14/32 NASA see National Aeronautics and Space thanakha 14/bc Administration traditional healers 17/51 Nascimento Filho, Firmino José do 16/31 traditional knowledge 17/51 NASFARM see National Association of Snail wildlife trade 16/40 Farmers, Cameroon see also Mekong region Nasi, Robert 16/40; 18/12 Myrciaria dubia (camu camu) 13/22,83; National Academy of Science, USA 17/10 14/52,53(S); 15/8,8; 17/52,52; 18/20 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Myrica gale (bog myrtle; sweet gale) 13/27,27; (NASA) 16/19 15/58-9,58; 16/34 National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Myristica spp. 18/13 Pakistan 14/52 Myrothamnus flabellifolius (resurrection tea National Agriculture and Forestry Extension bush) 17/60 Service (NAFES) 14/64 Myroxylon balsamum (balsam of tolu; bálsamo) National Agriculture and Forestry Research 15/49; 17/43(S),69(S) Institute (NAFRI) 14/47,64 myrrh see Commiphora spp. National Association of Printing Ink myrtle liqueurs 16/30 Manufacturers (NAPIM), Viet Nam 13/66 Myrtus communis 14/24; 17/56 National Association of Snail Farmers (NASFARM), Cameroon 15/45 N National Bamboo Mission (NBM), India 17/48 NAFES see National Agriculture and Forestry National Botanic Gardens, Papua New Guinea Extension Service 16/8 NAFRI see National Agriculture and Forestry National Cancer Institute, USA 14/25; 17/30 Research Institute National Centre for Atmospheric Research Naidoo, Robin 13/6 (NCAR), USA 18/21 72

National Commission on Science for Sustainable Natura (India) 14/15(w) Forestry (NCSSF), USA 13/83; 14/72; 18/20 Natura 2000 15/44 National Commission for Wildlife Conservation natural fibres see fibres, natural and plant fibres and Development, Saudi Arabia 18/52 Natural Health Products Research Society of National Committee on Biodiversity, Saudi Canada 15/68 Arabia 18/52 Natural Inquirer 17/73(w) National Committee for the Programme of Man Natural Products International and the Biosphere, Saudi Arabia 18/52 Workshop/FRAME 15/78(w) National Conference on Climate Change Natural Products in Rural Enterprises (Johannesburg, 2005) 13/20 Workshop, USAID/FRAME (Washington, DC, National Council of Protected Areas, Guatemala 2006) 14/67 14/10 Natural Research Network for Eastern and National Council for Science and the Central Africa 16/31 Environment (NCSE), USA 18/62(w) Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) 16/47,48 National Engineering Research and Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, Development Centre (NERD), Sri Lanka 16/28 Malaysia 18/15 National Farmers’ Union, UK 18/26 nature-based entrepreneurship (NBE) (Finland) National Forest Conservation Initiative for 14/15(w),74; 15/21(w) Southern Finland (METSO) 14/78 Nature Conservancy, The, USA 16/49 National Forest Strategy, Canada 13/83 Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, National Forest Strategy Coalition (NFSC), Pacific Islands Conference on (8th; Alotau, 2007) Canada 13/83 16/70 national forests (USA) 13/83,88(w) Nature & Faune Magazine 15/39-40(w) National Geographic 14/78(w); 18/30 Nature Network 15/78(w) National Herbarium of the Netherlands 17/55 nature tourism (Finland) 14/15 National Honey Board, USA 18/25(w) NatureServe 18/66 National Horticulture Board (NHB), India 14/34 Naturex 13/17; 17/25 National Institute for the Defense of Nazca, Peru 15/42(S) Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Nazli, Amatul Wadood 16/23 Property (INDECOPI), Peru 13/16 NBE see nature-based entrepreneurship National Institute for Malaria Research, India NBM see National Bamboo Mission, India 16/32 NCAR see National Centre for Atmospheric National Institute of Natural Resources Research, USA (INRENA), Peru 13/31,62; 15/5(S),14,15 NCS see Nundum Cooperative Society, India National Institute of Science Communication NCSE see National Council for Science and the and Information Resources (NISCAIR), India Environment, USA 14/11(w) NCSSF see National Commission on Science for National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Sustainable Forestry, USA Bhutan 14/37 Ndichia, Aaron 17/7 National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), India ndjanssang see Ricodendron heudelotii 16/51; 18/45 Ndoye, Ousseynou 17/64 National Mission on Bamboo Applications Ndun’gu, Charles 14/33 (NMBA), India 13/30 Nduwayezu, Jean Baptiste 14/30 National Museum of Natural History, USA 18/25 NEC see Northeastern Council, India national parks see also under named national neem (tree) see Azadirachta indica parks neem products National Parks Service (NPS), USA 13/7 exports National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico 13/37 from India 13/60 National Protected Areas Service, Bolivia see from Nigeria 13/59-60 Servicio National de Areas Protegidas insecticides 18/64 (SERNAP), Bolivia natural dyes 13/56 National Research Council (NRC), USA 17/14 Nelson, Fiona 15/26 National Research Council for the Philippines Nelson, S.C. 16/14 18/29 Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, South National Research Institute of Amazonia (INPA) Africa 16/58 15/27 Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius 14/37 National Research Institute for Chemical Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora 13/83 Technology (NARICT), Nigeria 13/60 Nepal National Zoological Park, USA 16/71 aromatic plants trade 17/28 nationalized forestry (Bhutan) 15/72 biodiversity conservation 14/75,77 Native Lands Trust Board, Fiji 17/4 community forestry 13/5; 14/75,77; 15/52-3 Natur Fibertech Pvt Ltd 14/15 conservation and conflict 13/83 Natura (Brazil) 16/17 exports 73

honey 13/39 rosin 15/36 medicinal plants 13/59; 15/30 indigenous land rights 18/48 NWFPs 13/59 Te Parapara Garden 14/49 fodder 18/1 traditional knowledge 14/48 forest certification 13/59 truffles 13/48; 14/35 forest management 15/52-3 New Zealand Agency for International evaluation 13/83 Development 16/61 forest rehabilitation 15/53 New Zealand Truffle Association 14/35 forestry 18/66(w) newsletters fungi harvesting 13/79 Biodiversidad 14/15(S) Ghodaghodi Lake 17/70 ComForM Newsletter 14/16 income-generation from NWFPs 14/48-9 Destaques ForLive 14/16 jaributi 13/28 Forests, People and the NTFPs 17/40 livelihood improvement 15/30-1,52 ForLive Highlights 14/16 lokta paper 18/48(w) Voices from the Forest 15/24 medicinal plants 15/52,73 see also e-bulletins, journals and newsletters conservation 14/72 Newton, A.C. 14/14; 16/55; 17/40 trade 17/28 NFDC see Northern Forest Diversification NWFPs 15/72 Centre, Canada community management 14/74 Nfinn, Tcharbuahbokengo 14/40 paper-making 15/52 NFSC see National Forest Strategy Coalition, Royal Chitwan National Park 13/7 Canada small enterprise development 13/87 Nghe An Provincial Forestry Subdepartment, tourism 13/7; 18/24 Viet Nam 13/47 wildlife 17/70 Ngongo, René 17/43 see also Himalayan region ng’ong’o see Sclerocarya birrea Nepal Foresters’ Association 18/66(w) NHB see National Horticulture Board, India Nepenthes 13/59(w) nibbi see Heteropsis flexuosa NERD see National Engineering Research and Nicaragua Development Centre, Sri Lanka apiculture 13/59 NESA see Network for Sustainable Agriculture, biodiversity 15/78(w) Cameroon conservation 16/74 Netherlands birds 15/78(w) events Bosawas Biosphere Reserve 14/50(S) Wageningen (April 2005) 14/74; 15/76 cloud forest 15/78(w) fungi endangered species endangered species 17/51-2 conservation 14/50(S) imports Maya nut projects 16/35; 17/32-3; 18/33 camu camu 15/8 NWFP legislation 16/56(S) cassia powder 16/50 pine needle handicrafts 14/49(S) leather 14/23 right to food 16/65(S) medicinal plants 17/55,69 Solentiname Islands 13/59 moss 15/33 women’s projects 14/49(S); 16/35; 17/32-3; Netherlands Development Organization (SNV) 18/33 14/47,48,53(S); 15/65; 17/64; 18/50 Nicotiana tabaccum (taaba) 16/31 Netherlands Foundation 13/4 Nielsen, Stephan 15/55 Netherlands Partnership Programme see FAO- Nigella spp. 16/20 Netherlands Partnership Programme Nigeria Network for Sustainable Agriculture (NESA), bark cloth 15/53-4 Cameroon 16/47 bushmeat 14/26,72 New Agriculturalist 17/20(w) deforestation New Mexico State University (NMSU), USA and NWFPs depletion 14/50 17/58(w) drinking water treatment 15/11 New York Maple Producers Association 17/27 ecotourism 13/60 New Zealand exports exports neem products 13/59-60 honey 14/9; 15/26 forest management 13/60 honey gorilla conservation 17/36; 18/10 honeydew 14/9; 15/26 human development report 14/50-1 manuka 15/26; 16/31; 17/5; 18/25 imports imports chewing sticks 13/51,52 cassia powder 16/50 medicinal plants 15/73; 18/49 kava 16/11 NWFPs depletion 14/50 74

Omo Forest Reserve 13/60 Zimbabwe 15/61; 18/64 raffia cloth 15/53 Asia and the Pacific raffia tapping 15/54 Afghanistan 16/41-2; 18/67 wildlife hunting 15/41 Australia 17/37; 18/38 women’s enterprises 15/74 Bhutan 14/37 Nijhum Diwp National Park Islands, Bangladesh India 16/50-1; 17/49-50; 18/15-16,45 18/39 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 14/47 Nikolaus, Boro Suban 17/50 Nepal 15/72 Nilsson, Kjell 13/78 Pacific Islands 16/5-11 Nishi, India 18/44 Pakistan 14/51,72 njansang see heudelotii Papua New Guinea 16/8-9 Njoke, Ernestine 18/21 Sri Lanka 14/72 nkenene see Morus alba Thailand 14/71 Nkongmeneck, Bernard-Aloys 13/74 Uzbekistan 16/60 NMBA see National Mission on Bamboo Viet Nam 14/72 Applications, India Europe 13/88(w) NMPB see National Medicinal Plants Board, UK 13/27,77,89(w); 14/56-7,72; 16/34,78(w); India 17/19 NMSU see New Mexico State University, USA Latin America and the Caribbean 14/17-18(S) NNGA see Northern Nut Growers Association, America, Central USA Guatemala 15/18; 18/63 noisette see Coula edulis Mexico 14/73,75; 15/76 noix de kola see Cola spp. America, South non-profit organizations Bolivia 14/37,73; 15/5-6(S),8(S) awards 14/17 Brazil 15/5-6(S); 16/17,45 Non-Timber Research Centre, Colombia 15/5-6(S),7(S) Viet Nam 14/58 Ecuador 13/83(S); 15/5-6(S) Non-Timber Forest Products, International Guyana 18/31 Conference on (Victoria, 2005) 13/69 Peru 13/83(S); 15/5-6(S) Non-Timber Forest Products, International Fair Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15/5- and Forum (2nd; Moscow, 2005) 13/73-4 6(S),8(S) Non-Timber Forest Products and Aboriginal Caribbean 14/17-18(S) Research Issues Workshop (Vancouver, 2003) Dominican Republic 17/65-6(S) 14/73 North America Non-Timber Forest Products Corporation, Canada 16/16; 17/69; 18/6-7,9,63 Canada 16/48 USA 14/74, 16/75 Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Poverty Russian Federation 13/3-4 Alleviation and Biodiversity Conservation, The Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs; general; Role of (Hanoi, 2007) 15/68 see also detailed entries under subject) Non-timber Forest Products and Services, bibliographies 16/78(w); 17/74(w) International Conference to Promote the and food security 14/47; 18/59 Development of (Beijing, 2007) 15/70 legal and statutory framework 14/12- Non-Timber Forest Products Task Force (NTFP- 13(F),62(F),63(F) TF) 13/29 and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs; general; 15/9-12 see also detailed entries under continents, modelling 17/12 countries and regions) and poverty alleviation 14/74; 17/63-4,69; Africa 14/19-20; (Central) 14/12- 18/59,63 13(F),62(F),63(F),75; 16/21(F) and sustainable development 17/65-6(S) Burundi 16/21(F) terms/definitions for NWFPs 13/2; 14/2; 15/2; Cameroon 13/50-1; 16/21(F); 17/42 16/2; 17/2; 18/2 Central African Republic 16/21(F) FAO working definition 13/14(F),(S); Congo Basin 17/19-20,70 14/9(F),(S); 15/13(F),(S); 16/17(F),(S); Democratic Republic of Congo 16/16,21(F); 17/12(F),(S); 18/13(F),(S) 18/42-3 Non-Wood Forest Products enterprises 17/69,71; Equatorial Guinea 16/21(F) 18/63; (Brazil) 18/40; (Canada) 16/47-8; Gabon 16/21(F) 18/8,41,67(F); (Central Africa) 17/63-4; 18/59; Mauritania 16/54-5(F) (Ecuador) 15/7; (Fiji) 16/8; (Gambia) 13/4; (India) Nigeria 14/50 15/4,17; (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) Republic of Congo 16/21(F) 14/64; 15/17; (Mali) 15/52(F); (Mexico) 14/20; Rwanda 16/21(F) (Nepal) 13/87; 18/13; (Nigeria) 15/74; (Russian Sao Tome and Principe 16/21(F) Federation) 17/54; 18/5; (Togo) 14/55-6; Uganda 15/76 (Zimbabwe) 17/60-1,70 75

see also women: income-generation from Norwegian Action Plan for Environment in NWFPs Development Cooperation 15/73 Non-Wood Forest Products Symposium, Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation International (1st; Trabzon, 2006) 14/67 in Higher Education 17/30(w) Non-Wood Goods and Services see NOSM see Northern Ontario School of Medicine environmental services of forests/NWFP species Nothofagus spp. 14/9 Non-Wood News N. solandri 14/9 contributions to 14/79; 15/79; 16/2; 17/75; Notodontidae 17/25(F) 18/67 Nottingham, University of, Malaysia Campus founder and first editor 15/4,79; 16/79 18/15 frequency 13/1,70; 14/1 Nou Joint Forest Management Project, United indexes 13/70; 14/77 Republic of Tanzania 16/25 new features Novartis 13/10 guest article 15/1,3-4; 16/79 Novellino, Dario 14/24,69,70 NGO section 14/1,16 Novis, J. 14/9 questionnaire replies 13/1,69-70,91 Nowicky, Wassil 17/30 reader responses 13/90; 14/79; 15/79; 17/75; Nowicky Pharma 17/30 18/67 NPS see National Parks Service, USA readership 13/69-70; 18/67 NRC see National Research Council, USA restyling 14/1; 15/79 NRCan see Natural Resources Canada use of information from 14/79 Nseme, Ngwene Theophilus 15/45 noni see Morinda citrifolia Nsende, João Baptista Nsende 15/43 nono 14/66 Nsubuga, Lillian 18/55 Nor Azah Mohamad Ali 18/28,29 ntalali see Vitex mombassae Norbu, Lungten 14/37 NTFP Exchange Programme for South and NORDEP see Northern Development Southeast Asia 14/75; 15/24(w),26(w); Partnership Program, Canada-Russia 16/27(w),47; 17/6; 18/45(w),63 North, University College of the, Canada 14/41; NTFP-TF see Non-Timber Forest Products Task 18/8 Force North American Biofuels, Inc. 17/32 ntonga see Strychnos cocculoides North American Conference on Enterprise Nuclea diderrichii (bilinga) 17/42(F) Development through Agroforestry: Farming Nudaurelia oyemensis 17/20 the Agroforest for Specialty Products nuez del Paraguay see Acrocomia totai (Minneapolis, 1998) 14/41 Nundum Cooperative Society (NCS), India 18/15 North American Forestry Commission 13/69 nut cultivation (USA) 16/35 North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea nut trees, indigenous 14/75; (Himalayan region) Management Alliance (NAILSMA) 14/78(w) 18/21; (Mozambique) 17/33; (Pacific Islands) North Carolina, University of, USA 15/25,60 17/33 North Central Cancer Treatment Group, USA Nutraceutical Plants, International Symposium 17/26 on Medicinal and (Georgia, 2007) 14/68 North West Bee Products, Zambia 16/3 nutrition/nutritional value of edible NWFPs Northeastern Council (NEC), India 17/47 bushmeat 13/19,20; 15/38; 16/39 Northern Development Fund, Ghana 17/46 insects 17/24 Northern Development Partnership Program Moringa oleifera 17/30-1 (NORDEP), Canada-Russia 18/5 see also ORAC values Northern Forest Diversification Centre (NFDC), nuts (Afghanistan) 16/41,42 Canada 14/41(w); 18/8 NWFP-Digest-L 13/69,70; 16/78(w); 17/74(w); northern milk-cap see Lactarius trivialis 18/4,66 Northern Nut Growers Association (NNGA), NWFP Forest Department, Pakistan 18/49 USA 13/89(w); 16/35(w) NWGS see environmental services of Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation forests/NWFP species 16/18 Ny Tanintsika silk project, Madagascar 15/23 Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) Nyae-Nyae Conservancy, Namibia 18/47,48 16/17,18,48 Nyae Nyae Development Foundation Namibia Norway 18/48 Amazon protection fund contribution 18/39- nyakyusa see Terminalia kaiserana 40 Nyanga Ecological Monitoring Plan, Zimbabwe events 17/60 Oslo (May 2007) 15/68(w) Nyika National Park, Malawi 13/79 Trondheim (Oct/Nov 2007) 16/70(w) Nyika Plateau National Park, Zambia 13/79 Norway Partnership Programme see FAO- nzie see locusts Norway Partnership Programme (FNPP) O 76

OAB see Organisation Africaine du bois Okurut, Augustine Omare 13/29,30 oak (tree) see Quercus spp. Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria 13/60 oak galls 14/31 oleaster see Elaeagnus spp. oaks oleoresins 15/22 acorn abundance (USA) 13/64; 15/41-2 exports decline from India 15/22 impact on wildlife 17/71 pine 15/37 OARE see Online Access to Research in the olom see Scorrodipheus zenkeri Environment O’Meara, Ronan 16/26 Obey, Dave 16/60 Omo Forest Conservation Foundation (OFCF) obituaries 13/60 Chandrasekharan, Cherukat 16/79; 17/75 Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria 13/60 Observatory of the Sahara and the Sahel 18/56 OMPI see World Intellectual Property Ocampo S., Rafael A. 16/33(S),49(S); 18/32(S) Organization Ocansey, Teye 14/27 OMS see World Health Organization OCEAN see Organisation Concertée des omubirizil see Vernonia amygdalina Ecologistes et Amis de la Nature omuboro see Citropsis articulata Oceanium 18/52 omutuba 13/30 Ocimum spp. (selasih; sweet ) 18/28,29 OMYC see Management and Conservation O’Connor, Lina 18/17 Organization, Guatemala Ocroma lagopus (balsa) 17/39(S) Ong, Chin 13/34,35; 14/4 Oda-Kotoamso Community Agroforestry Project onions, wild 18/3 13/10 Online Access to Research in the Environment ODI see Overseas Development Institute, UK (OARE) 15/78(w) ODLC see Organization for the Development of Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Canada 18/31 Lamu Communities Ontario Research Fund 17/25 odour control OPAM see Organic Producers Association of by bamboo charcoal 14/3 Manitoba, Canada odudu oyibo see Moringa oleifera Opiro, Lakuma 16/23 OEA see Organización de los Estados OPPAM 18/54(F) Americanos ORAC values 17/23 Oecophylla smaragdina (Asian weaver ants) Orang Asli, Malaysia 13/58; 14/48; 16/25; 17/51 15/29 orangutans OFCF see Omo Forest Conservation Foundation self-medication 18/10 OFEV see Office fédéral de l’environnement, Oraon, India 13/19 Switzerland Orazietti, David 16/18 Office fédéral de l’environnement (OFEV), orchids (Chile) 15/46(S) Switzerland 13/7(F)(w) Ordóñez, L. 13/27(S) OIBT see Organisation internationale des bois Oregon State University, USA 13/6; 15/22 tropicaux organic certification 13/12; 15/76 oil crops (Afghanistan) 16/41,42 Brazil nuts 17/33 oil exploration (Belize) 15/43 camu camu 13/23(S) oil industry (Niger Delta, Nigeria) 14/50-1 devil’s claw 18/48 oil palm plantations honey 14/58 and biodiversity losses 18/57 lavender products 14/7 oil production 17/31 natural cosmetics products 14/7 oils wild harvested products 13/76; 14/41,72; 15/74 exports Organic Monitor 14/7 from Ghana 14/40(F) Organic Producers Association of Manitoba from Ivory Coast 14/40(F) (OPAM), Canada 14/41 from Malaysia 14/40(F) Organic Trade Fair, World see Biofach imports Organic Wild Production, IFOAM Conference by Burkina Faso 14/40(F) on (1st; Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2006) 13/76; Oisca see Organization for Industrial, Spiritual 14/72; 15/74 and Cultural Advancement, Philippines OrganicLink 15/78(w) Oiticica, Maria 16/17 Organisation Africaine du bois (OAB) 13/71(F) Ojibwe, Canada/USA 18/7 Organisation Concertée des Ecologistes et Amis ojite see Brosimum alicastrum de la Nature (OCEAN) 17/43 ojoche see Brosimum alicastrum Organisation internationale des bois tropicaux ojushte see Brosimum alicastrum (OIBT) 13/71(F) okasi see Gnetum spp. Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) see okok see Gnetum africanum World Health Organization (WHO) Okonkwo, Ebenezer 13/60 77

Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Pacific Australia Reforestation Company 16/6,9 Costa Rica 18/32(S) Pacific Ink 13/66; 14/58 Organización Manejo y Conservación (OMYC), Pacific Islands Guatemala 15/48 benefit-sharing 13/18 Organización Mundial de Propiedad Intelectual biopiracy prevention 15/14,74 (OMPI) see World Intellectual Property conservation 16/7 Organization (WIPO) construction materials 16/9,10,bc Organization for the Development of Lamu domestication 16/6-7 Communities (ODLC) 16/52 dye plants 16/13 Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and edible insects 16/71; 17/23-4,65 Cultural Advancement (Oisca), Philippines exports 18/50,51 kava 16/11 Origanum vulgare (common oregano; genetic patents 15/14,74 Himalayan oregano) 18/29,29,46(S) indigenous trees 14/72; 16/73; 17/33 origin labelling laws kava trade 16/11 ginseng 16/40 medicinal plants 16/7,13 Orito Ingi-Ande Medicinal Plants Sanctuary, NWFPs 16/5-11 Colombia 18/42 protected areas 16/70 Ormesson spp. 13/37(F) sandalwood production 17/3-4 ornamental plant trade 17/69 see also Fiji; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga ornamental rattans (Philippines) 18/51 and Vanuatu Ornithoptera spp. Pacific Islands Conference on Nature O. alexandrae 15/29 Conservation and Protected Areas (8th; Alotau, O. goliath supremus f. titan 15/29 2007) 16/70 O. priamus 15/29 Pacific Reforestation (Fiji) Ltd (PRF) 17/4 Oromo, Ethiopia 17/44 Pacific Regional Environment Programme Orsted, Hans Christian 17/33 (SPREP) 16/7(w),70(w) Oryctes spp. 13/37(F); 17/25(F) packaging Osklen 16/17 woven birch bark boxes 18/bc Oslo, University of, Norway 17/29,30 paclitaxel 17/28 Osyris lanceolata (African sandalwood) 15/51 exports Otago, University of, New Zealand 13/42 from Canada 16/17-18 Ott, Walter 13/7(F) padouk see Pterocarpus soyauxii oudh 14/7; 16/26-7 Paeonia emodi 16/57 exports PAF see Permis forestiers associés from Cambodia 16/27 Paice, Jim 18/10,11 from India 16/27 Pakistan from Thailand 18/54 forest-dependency 16/57 imports forestry conservation projects 14/16 by Bahrain 16/27 holistic education 16/23 Oudhia, Pankaj 13/56,89(w); 14/14,23; 15/79; imports 17/74; 18/64(w) aromatic plants 14/45 Ouedraogo, Adama 17/35 medicinal plants 14/45 Ouro Verde Amazônia 16/45; 17/33(w) pine resin 14/58 outlooks see future of forests and NWFPs medicinal plants 14/51-2 Ovadia, Michael 16/38 conservation 18/49 overharvesting see harvesting of NWFPs mushroom harvesting 16/56,57; 18/49 Overseas Development Institute (ODI), UK musk trade 15/74 17/71,72 NWFPs 14/51 Forest Policy and Environment Programme and poverty alleviation 14/72 (FPEP) 14/73(w); 15/77(w) traditional knowledge 14/51; 16/56,57,75 Owa, Donatus 17/18 Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary, India 18/44 ox (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum Palahí, Marc 16/22 ox-eye daisy see Chrysanthemum leucanthemum palash see Butea monosperma Oxford University, UK 14/53(w); 17/52(w) Palijon, A.M. 18/51 Oxtenanthera abyssinica (bambou de chine) Pallisco SARL 18/65(F) 17/42(F) palm fibre production (Ecuador) 15/7-8 oxygen radical absorbance capacity see ORAC palm uses (Amazonia) 17/72 values 15/54 oyster mushroom see Pleurotus ostreatus palma canangucha see Mauritia flexuosa palma chiqui-chiqui see Leopoldina piassaba P Palmer, Todd 17/62 Pabuayon, Isabelita M. 18/51 palmito see Euterpe edulis 78 palms (Ecuador) 17/69; (Mexico) 17/70; (Peru) rattan processing 15/38 18/50 sago grubs 16/10 diversity 17/69 sustainable management of Aquilaria spp. endangered species 17/70 13/60; 14/64 palm forests 18/50 Papua New Guinea, University of (UPNG) 13/18 palo santo see Bulnesia sarmientoi Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute Pan-African pharmacopoeia 17/29,30 (PNGFRI) 16/8 Panama Para nut (tree) see Bertholletia excelsa bioprospecting 18/14-15 Paracas, Peru 15/42(S) events (Feb 2008) 16/71-2(w) Paraguay poison frogs 13/31 Acrocomia totai 16/26(S) Panama hats 15/6 ecotourism 15/54(S) Panax spp. 15/77; 16/60; 18/30 Euterpe edulis (palmito) 13/60-1(S) P. ginseng (Asian ginseng; Korean ginseng) medicinal plants 15/21 15/30; 17/13,19,25; 18/30 stevia industry 16/57 P. japonicum (Japanese ginseng) 15/30 Ybycuí National Park 15/54(S) P. notoginseng (san chi ginseng; tien chi Paramaguru, P. 17/34 ginseng) 15/30 parasitism, plant 14/17 P. pseudo-ginseng 15/61; 17/13,25-6 Pardos, José Alberto 13/87(S) P. quinquefolius (American ginseng) Parinari curatellifolia (mbula; muchakata; 13/6,38,79; 14/57; 15/30,32; 16/73,75; 17/25,26; muhacha) 15/61; 17/57 18/30 Paris cordifolia 17/13 P. trifolium (dwarf ginseng) 15/30 Parkia spp. 15/10 P. vietnamensis 13/66 P. biglobosa 14/39(F) Pandanus spp. 16/8 Parks, Geoff 14/23 P. furcatus 18/44 Parmar, Chiranjit 18/21 P. nepalensis (ambemohor pat; Himalayan parrot trade 14/50(S); 18/12,64 screw pine; rampe; tarika) 18/44-5 parrots P. tectorius 16/9 exports Pandey, A.K. 15/50; 17/65 from Cameroon 18/12 Pandit Chandrabali Sandalwood Distillery, India imports 14/33 by France 18/12 paneer bandh see Withania coagulens by South Africa 18/12 Pantanella, Edoardo 13/44 by USA 18/12 Panthera tigris 16/61; 17/17 Parry-Jones, R.A. 16/39 Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C. 16/22 Partenariat pour les forêts du Bassin du Congo PAPCIG see Progressive All Purpose Common (PFBC) see Congo Basin Forest Partnership Initiative Group, Cameroon (CBFP) paper Participatory Natural Resource Management bamboo 14/5 (PNRM) 13/89(w) bark 13/54-5 participatory processes (India) 15/4; (Nepal) lokta 13/5; 18/48 15/52-3; (Nigeria) 13/60; (United Republic of paper birch see Betula neoalaskana Tanzania) 16/25 paper industry 15/52 in biological monitoring 15/75 use of bamboo 14/4,43 in ecological restoration 18/4 paper mulberry see Broussonetia papyrifera in enterprise models 15/3-4 Pappinen, Ari 17/45 in forest management 13/60; 15/52-3,77; Papua New Guinea 16/25 bioprospecting prevention 15/29 in forest mapping 18/53-4 butterfly ranching 15/29 partnerships events global development partnerships Alotau (Oct 2007) 16/70 and MDGs 15/11 exports global forest partnerships 18/17 butterflies for collectors 15/29 public-private partnerships rattan 16/9 and international trade in NWFPs 13/10 sandalwood 16/9 and sandalwood production 17/4 forestry regulation 16/9-10 Paschalis Jakubowicz, Piotr 14/69 forests 15/78(w) Passiflora alata (maracuja) 14/38 indigenous languages 14/60 pata de vaca see Bauhinia forficata insect trading 17/72 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 13/34 livelihood improvement 16/8-9 patents (India) 14/10-11; (Pacific Islands) 15/14,74; NWFPs 16/8-9 (South Africa) 16/18; (USA) 13/17; (Viet Nam) international trade 13/11; 14/22 13/42 79

bamboo flavones 13/34 Perigord truffle see Tuber melanosporum genetic patents 15/14,74 Périmètres d’exploitation forestière (PEF) medicinal plants 13/42; 16/18 16/19(F) and traditional knowledge 13/15-18; 14/10-11 Periyar Tiger Reserve, India 18/13,63 Patosaari, Pekka 17/62 Permanent Agriculture Resources, Hawai’i 15/35; Pauku, Richard L. 17/33 16/14 Paul, Kerry 16/31; 17/5 Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Paullinia yoco (yoco) 18/42 Control in the Sahel (CILSS) 18/56 Paulsen, Smestad 17/30 Permis forestiers associés (PAF) 16/19(F) pau-rosa (plant) see Aniba rosaeodora Peronny, Hélène 14/40 pau-rosa (rosewood) oil Persian walnut see Juglans regia womens projects/trade groups 13/25 persimmon see Diospyros kaki and Diospyros Pausinystalia spp. (yohimbe) 17/42(F) virginiana P. yohimbe 13/22; 16/19(F),20(F) Peru Pavetta crassipes 13/40 Amazonia information systems 13/89(S)(w) paw paw (tree) see Asimina triloba biodiversity research regulation 15/14-15 PCARRD see Philippine Council for Agriculture, biopiracy prevention 13/16,17; 15/14-15 Forestry and Natural Resources, Research and Brazil nut concessions 13/62 Development camu camu 14/52; 15/8 PCHRD see Philippine Council for Health cultivation 13/83 Research and Development organic certification 13/23(S) PCLG see Poverty and Conservation Learning value chains 18/50 Group ecotourism 18/64 PCT see Patent Cooperation Treaty ethnobotanical data 13/82 Peace Corps 15/45 exports peanut of the Inca see Plukenetia volubis Brazil nuts 15/8; 18/32-3 peanut mount see Plukenetia volubis butterflies 14/53(S) PECA see Primary Environmental Care camu camu 13/23(S); 14/52; 15/8; 17/52 Association, Uganda poison frogs 13/31 pecan see Carya spp. rhatany 13/61 Peck, JeriLynn E. 15/33 Sacha inchi oil 18/34 Pedalium murex 13/41 forest concessions 15/8 Pedro, José Luis de 13/61(S); 14/14; 15/42 forest rehabilitation 15/74(S) PEF see Périmètres d’exploitation forestière imports PEFC see Programme for the Endorsement of carmine and cochineal 14/13 Forest Certification schemes intellectual property rights 13/16 Peganum harmala (asfand) 16/42 Manu National Park 17/71; 18/64 Pelargonium spp. (klawerbossie; umckaloabo) medicinal plants 16/18 sustainable management 17/52(S) P. citrosum 18/28 NWFPs 13/83(S); 15/5-6(S) P. sidoides 14/73 management 13/26-7(S) Penan, Malaysia 13/18; 15/24 palm forests Pennsylvania State (PennState) University, USA environmental services 18/50 13/78; 15/33(w),78(w) poison frogs 13/31 Peoples Group, India 17/13 traditional knowledge 16/74 pepper wildlife hunting 17/71 exports see also Amazonia from India 17/33 Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) 18/32 from Sri Lanka 16/38 pesticides 15/15 from Viet Nam 15/22 Petersianthus macrocarpus 16/21(F); 17/25(F) imports peuak meuak see Boehmeria malabarica by India 15/22 Peumus boldus (also known as Boldoa fragrans; pepper tree see Pimenta dioica boldo) 14/17(S) PepsiCo Inc. 18/35 Pew Environment Group 18/8 pequi see Caryocar brasiliense PFBC see Congo Basin Forest Partnership Pereira, Technological University of, Colombia (CBFP) 13/87 Pfizer 13/17 Perez, Rosa Ana 15/25,26 Phalan, Ben 18/57 Perfumer’s Association, India 14/33 pharmaceutical industry (USA) 13/17 perfumery ingredients 17/17 pharmaceutical ingredients oudh oil 14/7 beeswax 17/7 see also fragrances Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of Perhutani 14/20 America 13/17 80

Pharmacopée traditionale guineenne 14/25 Physalis angulata (cevucevu) 16/7 pharmacopoeias (Africa) 17/29,30 Physostigna venenosum (Calabar bean; fève de Phaseolus vulgaris (frijol) 15/42(S) Calabar) 17/42(F) pheasant’s eye see Adonis vernalis Phytelephas spp. 17/20 Phellinius spp. Phytopharm 13/13; 16/11 P. igniarius (chew ash fungus) 15/60 Phytotherapy Research Journal 18/30 P. noxius 17/3 PhytoTrade Africa 13/12-13(w); 17/18; 18/24 P. tremulae (birch fungus) 15/60 Picrorhiza kurrooa 15/17 Phialophora parasitica 16/27 pidjawana wattle resin 14/36 Philip, Michael S. 13/22; 17/18; 18/21 PIFAs see Public Interest Forestry Associations, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Tunisia Natural Resources, Research and Development pillows, medicinal 14/15 (PCARRD) 18/29 Pilz, D.A. 15/61 Philippine Council for Health Research and Pimenta dioica (allspice; pepper tree; pimienta Development (PCHRD) 17/13 gorda) 14/18(S); 16/37-8,74 Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency 17/53 pimento see allspice Philippines pimienta gorda see Pimenta dioica bamboo Pimpinella tirupatiensis 14/29 environmental services 17/10 pine bark 14/25; 15/36; 16/73; 18/19 bamboo sector 16/25,58 pine forests/woods (Germany) 17/72; (Scotland, bayong bags 16/25 UK) 17/71 biopiracy prevention 17/13-14 biodiversity 17/72 cottage industries 13/78; 14/68-9 pine needles, handicrafts using (Honduras) events (June/July 2006; June/July 2007) 15/36-7,bc; (Nicaragua) 14/49(S) 13/78; 14/68-9 pine nuts (Lebanon) 16/52-3; (Mexico) 15/36; exports (Turkey) 15/37; (USA) 16/34-5(w) bamboo 18/51 exports moringa (malunggay) oil 17/31-2 from China 16/52 rattan products 15/38; 18/51 from Turkey 15/37; 16/52 forestry 18/63 harvesting 15/36 handicrafts 13/29; 15/24 imports training 15/54-5 by Lebanon 16/52 medicinal plants 17/14 production 15/37; 16/34-5(w) moringa (malunggay) 16/33-4, 33; 17/31-2; trade 16/52-3 18/50 pine resin (Cuba) 15/35; (Fiji) 15/36; 16/8; (Viet ornamental rattans 18/51 Nam) 13/66 rattan plantations 16/57-8 exports sericulture 17/52-3; 18/50-1 from Cuba 13/5; 15/35 traditional knowledge from Viet Nam 14/58 databases 17/13-14 imports veterinary uses of NWFPs 18/29 by India 15/35 Philippines Los Baños, University of the (UPLB) by Mexico 15/35 13/78; 14/69(w); 18/51 by Pakistan 14/58 Phitother 15/67 by Spain 15/35 Phoenix spp. by USA 14/58 P. canariensis 16/15 production 15/36 P. sylvestris 17/49 tapping 15/35; 16/8 Phommasane, Souvanpheng 14/48 pine syrups 13/5 Phu An Ecological Bamboo Museum and Pinedo-Panduro, Mario 17/52 Botanical Reserve, Viet nam 18/55 pino caribe see Pinus caribaea Phung Huu Chinh 17/6 “Pinolere 2007”, International Meeting of Basket Phyllanthus spp. Makers (2nd; Tenerife, 2007) 14/69 P. emblica (also known as Embelica Pinus spp. 16/35 officinalis;Emblica officinalis; amla; aonla; P. brutia (Turkish pine) 18/55 Indian gooseberry) 17/49,50 P. caribaea (male pine; pino caribe) parasitism on 14/17 15/5(S),7(S),35 P. indofischeri 14/17 P. edulis (Colorado pinyon) 16/34-5 Phyllomedusa bicolor (giant monkey frog; P. gerardiana (chlghoza) 16/57; 18/49 kambô) 14/19 P. halepensis (Aleppo pine) 17/55 Phyllostachys spp. 16/28 P. monophylla (singleleaf pinyon) 16/34-5 P. heterocycla pubescens (moso bamboo) P. mugo 14/46 13/29 P. pinaster (maritime pine) 17/55 Phyllotex trademark 13/29 81

P. p. spp. atlantica (French maritime Poffenberger, Mark 16/46 pine) 14/25; 15/36; 18/19 Pohamba, Hifikepunye 13/59 P. pinea (stone pine) 15/37 poison frogs 13/31; 14/19 P. pumilla (dwarf Siberian pine) 15/37 exports P. radiata 15/35 from Peru 13/31 P. sylvestris (Scots pine) 15/37; 17/72 poivre sauvage see Piper guineensis P. thunbergii (black pine) 18/55 Poland P. wallichiana 16/56,57; 18/49 events pinyon (tree) see Pinus edulis and P. monophylla Poznań (Dec 2008) 17/14; 18/56,58 Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem Management Project, Warsaw (Sept 2007) 14/69(w) USA 16/34-5 forest management pinyon nuts see pine nuts regional agreements 13/67-8 Piper spp. truffles 16/38 P. guineensis (bush pepper; poivre sauvage) Polar-Moos 18/9 17/42(F) policies on NWFPs (Burkina Faso) 18/59(F) P. methysticum (kava kava) 16/11 see also forest policies P. nigrum (black pepper) 17/33,33,34,57 Policy and Human Resources Development P. pedicellatum 13/50 Fund, Japan 13/67 piperine 17/33-4 political ecology 17/69 Piptadeniastrum afromomum (atui; dabema) pollen 16/3,4 17/42(F) pollination Piptoporus betulinus 15/60 by bats 16/64 Piskulich, Zdenka 16/49 by bees 16/3,4 pistache (nut) harvesting (Mediterranean by single species 17/10 region) 17/75 pollution control Pistacia spp. by ferns 13/14-15 P. khinjuk 16/20,20 pollution indicators 16/75 P. lentiscus (mastic gum) 15/49; 17/56 Polygonatum verticillatum 14/37 plant fibres (India) 14/15 Polyscias fulva (impebati) 16/59 jute 14/45 Polystichum spp. 16/20 kenaf 13/91 Polytechnic University of Madrid 14/14,52(S); see also fibres, natural 15/42(S),54(S); 16/26(S) plant parasitism Polytrichum spp. 15/33 mistletoes (India) 14/17 Pometia pinnata (dawa) 16/7 Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA) Pongamia pinnata (koranch) 13/28,30 13/82; 15/71 Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan) 18/10 plant trade, illegal population, human see human population Lycium barbarum (goji berry) 18/26 Populus spp. 17/56 Mappia foetida 13/42 Portugal Plantago ovata 16/42 exports plantation forests cork 14/28 and biodiversity 18/63 cork Plantation Systems 16/38 forests 13/36; 14/28; 18/27-8 planting trees (Africa) 13/28 harvesting 14/28 Plantlife International 18/63 industry 14/27; 17/53 PLANTS database 13/88 events plastic bags, alternatives to 16/25 Evora (Oct 2006) 14/67 Platonia insignis (bacuri) 16/45 postage stamps (Costa Rica) 14/42(w); Platt, I. 14/9 (Morocco) 18/23; (United Arab Emirates) 15/58 Platten, J. Simon 14/69,70 Posvolskaya, Elena 13/5,6 Pleioblastus spp. 16/28 Potamonautes bayonianus 17/25(F) Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) 15/60 Pothomorphe umbellate (capeba) 14/38 Pleurozium spp. 15/33 Potters, Geert 18/52 PLoS Medicine 15/20 Poulet, Denys 14/67 Plukenetia spp. Pouli, Tolusina 17/4 P. conophorum (African walnut) 18/49 poverty 16/76 P. volubis (peanut of the Inca; peanut and climate change 17/10-11 mount; Sacha inchi; Sacha peanut) 18/33-4 and forest policies 16/74,76 Plumbago zeylanica 15/50 poverty alleviation 14/20,74; 15/73,78; 17/70; PNGFRI see Papua New Guinea Forest Research (Africa) 14/59; (Angola) 13/49; (Bhutan) 14/37,73 Institute (Cambodia) 14/61; (India) 14/28; 16/50; (Lao PNRM see Participatory Natural Resource People’s Democratic Republic) 14/46,61; (North Management Africa) 16/55(F); 17/14-15(F); 18/22(F); (Pakistan) 82

14/72; (Sahel) 16/55(F); 17/14-15(F); 18/22(F); Profiting from Honey Bees (film) 15/26 (Sudan) 18/53; (Togo) 14/55-6; (United Republic Programa Nacional Forestal (PRONAFOR), of Tanzania) 13/64; (Viet Nam) 14/61; 15/74 Honduras 15/36(S) and carbon trading 17/71 Programme for the Endorsement of Forest and commercialization of NWFPs 14/13-14 Certification schemes (PEFC) 15/22(w) and conservation 18/63 Progressive All Purpose Common Initiative and forestry 13/49 Group (PAPCIG), Cameroon 15/45 and fruit tree domestication 13/85 Progressive Food Company 17/15 and lac cultivation 14/28 Project Kambô, Brazil 14/19 and MDGs 15/9,12 Project Karité, Burkina Faso 15/18 and NWFPs 14/72,74; 16/24 projects and NWFPs enterprises 17/69; 18/63; FNOP/INT/004/NOR 16/9 (Central Africa) 17/63-4; 18/59 GCP/RAF/354/EC 13/32 and women 18/63 GCP/RAF/398/GER 13/71-2(F); 14/12(F),62- see also income-generation from NWFPs and 3(F); 15/64-5; 16/66,67(w),77; 17/25(F); livelihood improvement 18/59,60(w) Poverty Alleviation, International Conference on GCP/RAF/408/EC 16/66-7(w); 17/63-4; Sustainable Forest Management and: Roles of 18/60(w) Traditional Forest-related Knowledge GCP/RAF/441/GER 18/59 (Kunming, 2007) 16/70 PD 73/01 Rev. 5 (I,M) 13/53 Poverty Alleviation through Bamboo-based PD 100/01 Rev. 3(I) 13/73 Development, Training Workshop on: Policies, PD 275/04 Rev. 3(I) 13/50 Strategies and Stakeholders (Zhejiang Province, PD 277/04 Rev. 3(I) 13/57 2006) 13/75 TCP/BKF/3201 18/59(F) Poverty Alleviation and Biodiversity TCP/LAO/3002 14/64; 15/17 Conservation, The Role of Non-timber Forest TCP/PNG/2901 14/64 Products (NTFPs) in (Hanoi, 2007) 15/68 TCP/PNG/2902 14/64 Poverty and Conservation Learning Group Projet GCP/RAF/398/GER, L’Atelier sous- (PCLG) 14/78(w) régional sur l’évaluation de l’avancement du Poverty Reduction and Forests, International (Kribi, 2006) 14/63(F) Conference on: Tenure, Market and Policy PROMPEX see Comisión para la Promoción de Reforms (Bangkok, 2007) 15/69 Exportaciones, Peru Poverty Reduction, Small and Medium Forest PRONAFOR see Programa Nacional Forestal, Enterprise Development for: Opportunities and Honduras Challenges in Globalizing Markets (Turrialba, ProNaturaleza 14/53(S) 2006) 14/52,66 propolis 15/26; 16/3,4; 17/7 Pradhan, B.K. 18/45 Prosopis spp. Pradhan, Kailash 17/67 P. juliflora 14/21; 16/54(F) Pradhan, Kanak 18/45 P. pallida 15/5(S) Prado, L. 13/27(S) PROTA see Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Pragya, India 13/28(w) protected areas 14/75; (Africa) 13/67; 14/43; preservatives (Amazonia) 15/62-3; (India) 13/79; (Pacific bamboo charcoal 14/3 Islands) 16/70 for fruit/vegetables 14/3; 18/31 see also World Heritage Sites; and under for wood 18/15-16 named Biosphere Reserves and national parks President’s Special Initiative (PSI) Programme, Protected Areas, Pacific Islands Conference on Ghana 16/28 Nature Conservation and (8th; Alotau, 2007) Pretoria, University of, South Africa 17/68(w) 16/70 PRF see Pacific Reforestation (Fiji) Ltd Protection of Forests in Europe, Ministerial Primary Environmental Care Association Conference on the 18/61; (4th; Vienna, 2003) (PECA), Uganda 16/23 16/12; (Florence, 2006) 15/73(w) primates (Africa) 14/71 Protein Journal 13/31 and bushmeat crisis 15/40-1,72 Protium serratum 13/46 and seed dispersal 15/40; 16/75 Provoking Change: Strategies to Promote Forest see also gorillas and orangutans Users in the Amazon (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Pringle, Robert 17/62 2008) 17/68(w) Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) Proyecto Cultural Pinolere 18/62(w) (Brazil) 14/38 Proyecto Manejo Forestal Sostenible en Tierras Pro Wildlife 15/41 Bajas de Bolivia (FOMABO) 17/39 Prodex 14/5 Prunus spp. Productos No Madereros be Bosque, Taller P. africana (African cherry; pygeum) 13/22; Desarrollo de, Seminario (1st; Santo Domingo, 14/22; 15/19,74; 16/19(F),20(F),78; 17/42(F) 2008) 17/65(S) P. virginiana (chokeberry) 18/6 83

Pryor, J. 16/7 Q. suber (cork oak) 13/36; 14/28; 16/30; Pseudoscleropodium spp. 15/33 17/55,58-9 PSI see President’s Special Initiative Programme, quiebra piedra 13/17 Ghana Quintana, Jaime 14/10(S) Psittacus spp. quiver tree see Aloe dichotoma P. erithacus 16/19(F),20(F) P. e. erithacus (African grey parrot) 14/22; R 18/12 RAF see FAO regional offices: Africa Psychotria ipecacuanha (ipeca; raicilla) 16/32- raffia (palm) see Raphia spp. 3(S) raffia cloth weaving (Nigeria) 15/53 Pteleopsis spp. 17/70 tapping (Nigeria) 15/54 Pteridium spp. 18/43 Raffia Renaissance Project 14/19 P. aquilinum 16/20; 18/3 Raha, A.K. 14/45 Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern) 13/14 Rahbari, Mohammed 15/58 Pterocarpus spp. 15/10 Rahman, Mostafizur 16/44 P. soyauxii (padouk) 17/42(F) Rai, L.K. 18/45 Pterocarya tonkinensis 13/46 Rai, Y.K. 18/45 Pteropus vampyrus natunae 17/72 raicilla see Psychotria ipecacuanha PTPA see Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Raimondo, Domitilla 14/53 Ptyas mucosus (rat snake) 14/20 Rain Forest Silk Cooperative 15/23(w) Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual rain water management 15/65 Property, Africa Regional Consultative Meeting Rainforest Alliance 13/59; 15/52; 16/78; 18/33 (Brazzaville, 2007) 16/18 Certified Xate Initiative 15/48(w) Public Interest Forestry Associations (PIFAs), SmartWood programme 13/36(w) Tunisia 17/55 Rainforest Conservation Fund 17/52(w) Punan, Indonesia 16/27; 17/50 Rainforest Foundation, UK (RFUK) Pune, Ruth 16/70 17/19,20,41,42,70 Pure Fiji 13/54,55 Rainforest Project Foundation 14/68 Pure Mountain Honey 18/25(w) rainforests 13/89(w); (Africa) 13/85; (Cameroon) Pure World Botanicals Inc. 13/17 17/9-10 PureCircle 18/35 conservation 13/85; 17/9-10 Purvanov, Georgi 16/45 coalitions 16/62 Putra University, Malaysia 17/26 community forest management 16/63-4 Putranjiva spp. 14/22 see also tropical rainforests puwar see Cassia tora Rajamani, K. 17/34 Pycnogenol 14/25; 15/36; 18/19 Rajan, V.P. 16/38 Pycnoporus sanguineus 18/42(S) Rajasthan Forest Department, India 17/50 pygeum see Prunus africana Ramadoss, A. 14/11 pygmies, Congo Basin 17/20 Ramírez Pérez, Juan 16/15 Pyrethrum spp. 16/15 ramón (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum Python spp. 14/20 Ramot 16/38 Ramp Farm Specialties 15/60 Q rampe see Pandanus nepalensis Qatar ramps see Allium tricoccum bioprospecting 18/14 Rao, D. 16/7 desertification prevention 18/14 Rao, P.S.N. 13/42 quandong 14/6,36 Raphia spp. (raffia palm) 15/54; 16/21(F),24; Quang Ninh Pine Company 14/58 17/25(F) Quassia amara (amargo; hombre grande) 14/10; R. hookeri 16/21(F) 15/75(S); 16/48 R. monbuttorum 16/21(F) quchi see Morchella spp. rat snake see Ptyas mucosus Quebec Federation of Maple Syrup Producers ratanjyot see Jatropha curcus see Fédération des producteurs acéricoles du Rattan Forum, Global (Haikou, 2008) 18/52 Québec rattan gardens (Indonesia) 15/38 quebracho 14/23; 17/71 rattan products Queen of the Nabib see Hoodia gordonii artificial rattan 17/50-1 Quercus (environmental group) 18/28 ornamental rattan 18/51 Quercus spp. (oak) 16/20,35 rattan resources 15/37-8 Q. coccifera 17/56 rattan sector (Bhutan) 14/37,73; (Cambodia) Q. faginea (zeen oak) 17/56 16/46-7; (China) 13/77; (Ghana) 13/55; 15/38; Q. garryana 18/3 17/46; (Indonesia) 15/38; (Papua New Guinea) Q. ilex 17/56 15/38; (Philippines) 18/51 Q. incana 16/57; 18/49 development 13/55,73; 17/46 84

processing 15/38 REDES 14/15 production 14/74 Redowan, Mohammed 16/44 training 13/77 Reeb, Dominique 13/80 workshops 14/62 Reforestamos México A.C. 18/47(w) Rattan Sustainable Management in Developing reforestation 13/83; 18/63; (Cuba) 15/46; Countries, International Training Workshop on (Indonesia) 16/27 Bamboo and (Yunnan, Guangdong and Hainan, Aquilaria spp. 16/27 2006) 13/77 see also forest rehabilitation and tree rattan trade 13/11; 16/46-7 planting exports Reforesting Scotland 17/19(w) from China 15/38 refugees from Indonesia 15/38; 17/51 wildlife hunting 15/56-7; 17/36 from Malaysia 15/38 Regional Community Forestry Training Center from Papua New Guinea 16/9 for Asia and the Pacific (RECOFTC) 14/20; from Philippines 5/38; 18/51 15/69(w); 17/59 rattans (Cambodia) 17/40-1; (Nepal) 15/52-3; Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, India (Philippines) 16/57-8 13/42 harvesting 15/38; 15/37-8; 17/40-1 Reid, Hannah 17/11 participatory forest management 15/52-3 Rein, Stephanie 16/30 plantations 16/57-8 Rein Consulting 16/30 sustainable management 13/44; 15/38 reindeer ecotourism (Finland) 16/49-50 Ratuva, Steven 15/14 Reinwardtia indica 16/20 Rauvolfia spp. reishi see Ganoderma lucidum R. serpentina (sarpgandha; snakeroot) Renewable Natural Resources Research Centre 15/32,32; 18/35,35 (RNR-RC), Bhutan 14/37,73; 17/25; 18/39 R. vomitoria 17/42(F) Rengma, Thomas 17/13 Ravalomanana, Marc 16/53 Renowden, Gareth 14/35 Rawal, Rana B. 13/28 Repoa see Research on Poverty Alleviation Rawat, G.S. 18/44 reptile skin trade 14/20; 17/35,36; (Bolivia) 17/35- Rawat, R.B.S. 15/31 6; (Mexico) 16/73 RAWDP see Rural Africa Water Development exports Project from Indonesia 16/39 Raymundo, Asuncion 18/29 imports RCDA see Resource Centre for Development by Europe 16/39 Alternatives, Pakistan Republic of Korea Reading, University of, UK 13/50 exports reafforestation (Scotland, UK) 17/19 ginseng 13/13,38 Real Academia de la Ingenería, Spain 13/87 silkworm eggs 16/37; 17/54 Reber, Peter 16/12 ginseng 15/30,77; 16/58 Rebiana 16/57; 17/35 standards 13/38 recipes imports edible insects 17/24 rosin 15/36 marula beer 16/58 village forestry associations 15/4 RECOFORME project 14/67(w) Republic of the Congo RECOFTC see Regional Community Forestry gorilla conservation 17/36 Training Center for Asia and the Pacific NWFPs 16/21(F) recreational use of forests (Europe) 18/20; sustainable forest management 18/56 (Switzerland) 13/7(F) requests for recycling collaboration 18/67 cork 17/53 funding 14/79; 18/67(F) Red Internacional del Bambú y Ratán see information 15/79; 17/75; 18/67 International Network for Bamboo and Rattan journal articles 13/90 (INBAR) research (Brazil) 13/17; 15/76; 16/23; 17/13; (China) red lapacho see Lapacho colorado 14/30; (Peru) 15/14-15; (Sierra Leone) 15/57 Red List see IUCN Red List of Threatened benefit-sharing 15/76; 16/23 Species careers 13/88(w) Red-Listed species see endangered species and conflicts 15/57 red panda see Ailurus fulgens in conservation biology 13/81 red-rooted gromwell see Lithospermum constraints 13/17; 17/13 erythrorhizon fellowships 17/18 red sorrel see Hibiscus saddarifa funding 14/16 REDD mechanism 17/8,9-10,11,62,71; 18/58 online registers 15/14-15 Reddy, M.S. 17/5 85

Research, Conference on Forestry and Forest R. rautanenii see Schinziophyton rautanenii Products (Kuala Lumpur, 2005) 13/74 RIG see Rwanda Investment Group Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Right to Food (RtF) 15/78(w); 16/65(w),66,67; Sciences 18/49 (Honduras) 16/65(S); 17/46-7(S); (Nicaragua) Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA) 13/64 16/65(S) research projects on Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) 14/20(w); American ginseng 17/25 15/69 medicinal plants 14/30; 17/18 Rijk, María Ana de 18/47 Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica 13/3 RIRDC see Rural Industries Research and resin-tapping see tapping, gum/resin Development Corporation resins (Cuba) 15/35; (Honduras) 15/73 Rist, Lucy 14/17 exports Riva, Ana Luisa da 17/33 from China 14/20 Rivero, Sandra 14/19(S) from India 15/49 RNR-RC see Renewable Natural Resources imports Research Centre, Bhutan by India 15/49 roads industrial uses 13/85 and bushmeat crisis 14/26; 15/39,74 insulation 17/21 Robinia spp. (locust tree) 14/46 prices 14/20 Roca, Santiago 13/16,17 tapping 15/35,73 rock bee see Apis dorsata trade statistics 15/49 Rodrigues, Edson Beas 18/14 see also rosin Roe, Dilys 15/9 Resource Centre for Development Alternatives ROEWU 18/23 (RCDA), Pakistan 16/23 Rojas, Àlvaro 15/62(S) resource conservation (Himalayan region) 14/59 Romania resource depletion (Ghana) 14/44; (Mexico) biodiversity 15/55 14/48(S); (Nigeria) 14/50 forestry sector restoration of forests see forest rehabilitation; funding 15/55 reforestation and tree planting Roosevelt, Franklin D. 13/88 resurrection tea bush see Myrothamnus Root, Terry 18/7,8 flabellifolius Rosa spp. Revolutionizing the Global Indian Sandalwood R. abyssinica 17/44 (Santalum album) Supply (Kununurra, 2008) R. brunonii 16/20 17/66 R. webbiana 16/20 Rewards Projects Ltd 17/3 Rose, Simmone A. 16/77; 18/65(F) Reyes, Teija 17/57 rosella flower, wild 14/36 RFUK see Rainforest Foundation, UK rosewood (plant) see Aniba rosaeodora rhatany rosewood oil see pau-rosa oil exports rosin from Peru 13/61 baseball bags 14/20-1 imports exports by France 13/61 from Fiji 15/36 by Germany 13/61 imports by Spain 13/61 by Australia 15/36 by USA 13/61 by China 15/36 rhatany (plant) see Krameria lappacea by Japan 15/36 Rhine Valley by New Zealand 15/36 floodplain forests 13/85 by Republic of Korea 15/36 Rhinocerotidae spp. 16/61 Rosmarinus officinalis 17/56 Rhododendron anthopogon 14/37 Ross, Charles Felix 16/49 rhun palm leaves 13/4 rosy periwinkle see Catharanthus roseus Rhus triparti 17/56 Rotary Club of Makati Central, Philippines 17/10 Rhynchophorus spp. rotin see Calamus spp. R. bilineatus 16/10 Roundtable for Nature Conservation, Pacific R. ferrugineus papuanus 16/10 Islands 16/7(w),70(w) R. phoenicis 13/37(F); 16/21(F); 17/25(F) Rourke, K. 14/34 Ribeiro do Valle, D. 17/12 Rowcliffe, Marcus 14/26 Richardson, Ric 13/52 Royal Bhutan Forest Development Corporation Richardson, Rose 13/52 13/34 Ricinodendron spp. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 15/59 R. heudelotii (essesang; njansang; Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal 13/7 ndjanssang) 13/21,22, 51; 15/64; 16/19(F),20(F); royal jelly 16/3 17/42(F) 86

Royal Roads University, Canada 14/41; 15/68; NWFPs enterprises 18/5(w),8,9(w),20,41 development 18/5 Royal Silk Project of Indinesia 15/23 training 17/54 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), pine syrup projects 13/5-6 UK 15/51 see also Siberia Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Russo, Laura 17/73 Forestry 17/67 Rwanda RPPNs see Private Natural Heritage Reserves bamboo sector 18/52 RRI see Rights and Resources Initiative events RSPB see Royal Society for the Protection of Kigali (July 2007) 15/69(w) Birds, UK imports RSSP see Rural Sector Support Programme, mulberry cuttings 16/37; 17/54 Rwanda silkworm eggs 16/37; 17/54 RtF see Right to Food NWFPs 16/21(F) rubber, demand for 16/74 sericulture 16/36-7; 17/55 Rubia tinctorum 16/42 tourism 13/7 Rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) 18/6 transboundary protected areas 13/67 rufus candy milk-cap see Lactarius rufus wastewater treatment 13/34 Rumax nepalensis 16/42 Rwanda Investment Group (RIG) 16/37; 17/54 Rundgren, Gunnar 13/77 Ryania products Rungia repens 14/22 imports Rural Africa Water Development Project by Italy 16/48(S) (RAWDP) 15/11 by USA 16/48(S) Rural Development and Environmental Ryania speciosa 16/48-9(S) Sustainability, International Conference on the Role of Forests in (Beijing, 2006) 13/76 S Rural Development and Food Security, saal forest products (India) 13/32-3 Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) Saba senegalensis 14/39(F),40(F) Summit on (Cotonou, 2008) 18/56 Saccogiotis gabonensis (bidou) 17/42(F) Rural Development Forestry Network 15/77 Sacha inchi (plant) see Plukenetia volubis Rural Development, Forests and Forestry in the Sacha inchi oil Context of, IUFRO European Congress exports (Warsaw, 2007) 14/69(w) from Peru 18/34 Rural Development Youth Association, Ghana Sacha peanut see Plukenetia volubis 14/44 Sacred Earth Travel 15/78(w) Rural Industries Research and Development sacred groves (India) 13/82; 16/73 Corporation (RIRDC), Australia 18/36 sacred plants/uses 13/85(Hindi) Rural Sector Support Programme (RSSP), SADC see Southern African Development Rwanda 17/54 Community Ruspolia differens 17/25(F) safed musli see Chlorophytum borivillianum Russian Federation (Afghanistan) 16/41,42 boreal forests 13/73 SAFIRE see Southern Alliance for Indigenous ecotourism 13/62-3; 15/55 Resources, Zimbabwe events safou see Dacryodes edulis Moscow (Sept 2005) 13/73-4 sage see Salvia officinalis exports sagewort see Artemisia annua berries 15/55-6 sago grubs 16/10 cosmetics 17/5 sago palm see fungi 15/55-6 sago starch 16/10 honey 17/5 Sahara Desert NWFPs 13/3 desertification prevention 18/56 forest laws 17/55 Sahel forest management women regional agreements 13/67-8 poverty alleviation 16/55(F); 17/14-15(F); herbal teas 13/62,74 18/22(F) Hippophae rhamnoides cultivation 13/45 Sahel Eco 15/52(F) honey-based cosmetics 17/5 Saiman, Budiman 17/51 imports Saini, Satvant Kaur 15/50 handicrafts 16/60 Saint Lucia indigenous summer camps 13/62-3 latanyé project 15/56 Kenozerski National Park 17/53,54 Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards 15/56 livelihood improvement 17/53-4 Saint Petersburg Society of Naturalists 17/53 NWFPs 13/3-4 Saint Sauveur, Armelle de 17/46 87 sal see Shorea robusta Sandalwood (Santalum album) Supply, Sala, Osvaldo E. 17/10 Revolutionizing the Global Indian (Kununurra, salahi-mann see Boswellia serrata 2008) 17/66 salal (plant) see Gaultheria shallon Sandker, Marieka 13/20,69 salal berries 17/75; 18/7 Sanh, Nguyen Van 16/60 salar see Boswellia serrata Sanoflore see Laboratoire Sanoflore Salazar, Angel 18/50 Sant, Roger W. 14/59 Saldaña Rojas, Joe Sixto 18/34 Sant, Victoria 14/59 salga daru see Boswellia serrata Santalol 17/3 Salix spp. Santalum spp. (muthirioni; sandalwood) 16/6,10; S. alba var. vitellina 13/53 17/3-4 S. caprea 13/53 S. album (Indian sandalwood) 14/32,33; S. cinerea 13/53 16/43; 17/3,4,66 S. fragilis 13/53 S. austrocalidonicum 14/32,33; 17/3,4 S. humboldtiana (Chilean willow) 13/53 S. ellipticim 17/3 S. purpurea 13/53 S. freycinetianum 17/3 S. triandra 13/53 S. haleakakae 17/3 S. viminalis (basket willow) 13/53 S. insulare (Eastern Polynesian sandalwood) Salomao, Rafael 15/27 13/79; 17/3 Salomon snowboards 17/22 S. macgregorii 16/9; 17/3 -marsh forests (Viet Nam) 16/60 S. paniculatum 17/3 Salvadora persica 16/54(F) S. spicatum 17/3 Salvia spp. S. yasi 14/33; 17/3,4 S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage) 14/14 Santamaria, Andres 14/42 S. officinalis (common sage) 14/14; 18/7 Santilli, Márcio 17/11 Sama, Liyong Emmanuel 13/52 Sanzetenea Terceros, Edward 17/39 Samartex 13/10 São Paulo, University of (USP), Brazil 14/30; Sami Designs LLC 14/4 16/30 Samoa Sao Tome and Principe bark cloth 15/34,35 NWFPs 16/21(F) bioprospecting 13/18 Sapindus spp. sandalwood production 17/4 S. mukorossi (soap nut) 17/18 Sampaio, Jorge 18/28 S. trifoliatus (aritha) 17/50 San (Khoisan) Bushmen, sapucainha see Carpotroche brasiliensis Botswana/Namibia/South Africa 13/13,20; 15/44; Saraca spp. 16/18; 17/13,33; 18/47 S. asoca (sita ashok) 18/45 san chi ginseng see Panax notoginseng S. dives 13/46 sandalwood (Australia) 14/33; 16/43; 18/38; Sarajärvi, Pertti 16/50 (India) 14/32-3; 17/66; (Pacific Islands) 14/33; Sarajevo, University of, Bosnia and Herzegovina 17/3-4 18/64 exports Saratsi, Eirini 15/69 from Australia 14/32; 17/3,17 Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, Malysia 13/17 from Fiji 17/3 Sarcophrynium brachystachys 17/16(F) from India 14/32 Sardinia from Papua New Guinea 16/9 cork forests 13/36; 16/30 from Tonga 17/3 myrtle liqueur 16/30 from United Republic of Tanzania 16/63- saringang see Terminalia glaucescens 4 Sarkar, Ajoy 17/22 illegal trade (India) 14/32; 17/34; (Kenya) sarpgandha see Rauvolfia serpentina 14/33 sarrapia see Dipteryx odorata imports Sarstoon/Temash Institute for Indigenous by India 14/32; 16/63 Management (SATIIM) 15/43 by Switzerland 17/17 Sarstoon/Temash National Park, Belize 15/43 plantations 14/33; 16/43; 18/38 Saskatoon berries (Juneberries) 18/7 production 14/33; 17/3-4 Saskatoon berry (plant) see Amelanchier sandalwood (tree) see Santalum spp. alnifolia sandalwood oil 13/25; 14/32-3 Satchari National Park, Bangladesh 17/71,72 exports Sati Karnali Community Forest User Group from Australia 17/34 (SKCFUG) 15/53 imports SATIIM see Sarstoon/Temash Institute for by UK 17/34 Indigenous Management Saud, Eyad 16/27 Saudi Arabia 88

biodiversity conservation 18/52 Scots pine see Pinus sylvestris fragrance market 14/7 Scottish Forest Industries Cluster 13/77 Saussurea spp. SD see Sericulture Directorate, India S. costus (also known as Saussurea lappa) SDC see Swiss Agency for Development and 16/75 Cooperation S. lappa see Saussurea costus sea algae 15/19 Savithramma, N. 13/41; 14/30 sea buckthorn saxaul see Haloxylon ammodendron berries 18/15 Saxon, Gregory 17/33 exports SBPC see Sociedade Brasiliere para o Progresso from Afghanistan 16/42 da Ciência imports Scaphium macropodium 13/66 by China 16/42 Schabel, H.G. 15/28,29,59 oil 14/6 Schafer, A. 15/36 sea buckthorn (plant) see Hippophae Scheduled Tribes (Recognition of Forest Rights) rhamnoides Bill, 2005 (India) 13/55 SEANN see South and East Asian Countries Schelinski, Jim 17/59 NTFP Network Schima nervosum 17/49 seboka see Hoodia gordonii Schindler, David 18/8 SEBRAE see Micro and Small Business Support Schinziophyton rautanenii (formerly Service, Brazil Ricinodendron rautanenii; manketti nut; SECF see Sociedad Española de Ciencias mungomu) 17/33 Forestales Schippmann, Uwe 17/45 Secoya, Peru 18/34 Schisandra chinensis 13/3 Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Schizophyllum commune (split gill polypore) (SERNA), Honduras 17/47(S) 15/60 Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Schleicera oleosa (kesambi) 13/47 16/5,6; 17/4 Schmatkov, Nikolay 18/5 Secura International 17/31,32 School and Home Herbal Gardens programme, SEDAC see Socioeconomic Data and India 18/45 Applications Center School of Natural and Complementary SEED see Supporting Entrepreneurs for Medicine, Australia 13/49 Environment and Development Schoreder, J. 15/61 seed dispersal Schreckenberg, K. 13/22; 14/14; 16/55; 17/40 by bats 16/76 Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, by primates 15/40; 16/75 Canada 17/25 Seed Oils of the World contest 18/34 Schulte, Rainer 13/31,90 SEFAC 18/56 Schumannianthus dichotoma (murta) 16/44 selasih see Ocimum spp. Schumer, Charles 17/26,27 self-medication by orangutans 18/10 Schwarcz, J. 18/18 SEMACO GmbH 16/69 SciDev.Net see Science and Development semla gum see Bauhinia retusa Network Semple, William Finley 15/15 Science and Development Network (SciDev.Net) SENAPI see Servicio Nacional de Propiedad 14/78; 17/14; 18/18(S),56 Intelectual, Bolivia Science, Policy and the Environment, National Sene, Abdou 15/78 Conference on: Biodiversity in a Rapidly Senegal Changing World (9th; Washington, DC, 2008) events 18/61(w) Dakar (March 2002) 13/81(F) science for the poor 15/76; 16/23 karaya gum 15/78 Sclerocarya birrea (marula; ng’ong’o) livelihood improvement 18/52 14/39(F),39,40(F),74; 16/54(F),58; 17/57 mangroves Scorrodipheus zenkeri (arbor à ail; olom) tree planting 18/52 17/42(F) sengaparile see Harpagophytum procumbens Scotland sensitive plant see Mimosa pudica events Seoul, University of, Republic of Korea 17/67 Beauly (May 2006) 13/77 SEPA see State Environmental Protection Edinburgh (June/July 2010) 16/72(w) Administration, China moss harvesting 15/32-4 SEPC see Shellac Export Promotion Council Myrica gale cultivation 15/58-9 serai see Cymbopogon spp. NWFPs 13/27,77,89(w); 14/56-7,72; Serbia and Montenegro 16/34,78(w); 17/19 forest profiles 13/81 pine woods 17/71 sericulture (Afghanistan) 16/41,42; 18/37; reafforestation 17/19 (Cambodia) 16/36; (China) 13/56; 14/31; (India) 89

13/56; 14/31; 15/23,48,76; 16/36; 17/48; (Indonesia) Shellac Export Promotion Council (SEPC) 13/13 15/23; (Japan) 13/56; (Madagascar) 15/23,78; sheora see Streblus aspera (Namibia) 15/23; (Philippines) 17/52-3; 18/50-1; Shepherd, Martha 17/37 (Rwanda) 16/36-7; 17/55; (Uganda) 13/63; (United Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Republic of Tanzania) 15/59 Sciences & Technology of Kashmir 16/52 Sericulture Directorate (SD), India 17/48 shifting cultivation (Democratic Republic of the SERNA see Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Congo) 13/54; (Indonesia) 13/47; (Mexico) 15/75 Ambiente, Honduras Shipibo, Peru 18/34 SERNAP see Servicio Nacional de Areas Shiva, Alka 13/11,29,72,74,90; 14/21; 15/19,49 Protegidas, Bolivia Shiva, M.P. 13/72; 14/21,79 Serrano, Olman 14/19(S),76(S); 15/6(S); 18/60 Shmatkov, Nikolay M. 13/4,74; 17/54 Servaas, Maurits 13/73 Shorea robusta (sal) 14/72 Service Canada 18/41 shunthi see Morchella spp. Servicio Nacional de Areas Protegidas shunti see Morchella spp. (SERNAP), Bolivia 17/39 Siam weed see Chromolaena odorata Servicio Nacional de Propiedad Intelectual Siberia (SENAPI), Bolivia 15/14(S) ginseng 15/30,77 Sesaazi, Duncan 16/33 Mountain Shoria forests 13/4 Sesbania spp. (muzimbandegeya) 14/31 see also Russian Federation Sessanga, Ali 15/58 Siberian Bikin watershed 18/5 Seven Mountains Co. Ltd 18/61 Siberian ginseng see Eleutherococcus senticosus Seven Seas Commodities 16/38 Siberian Pine Syrup Project, Russian Federation Sévérin Tchibozo, M. 13/37 13/5-6 Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sichuan Giant Panda Sancturies, China 14/59-60 Bangladesh 13/30; 16/44; 17/71 sickle pod see Cassia tora Shahnaz, Efath 16/51 sickle senna see Cassia tora Shang Yong 14/30 SIDA see Swedish International Development Shanley, P. 14/8; 15/6,29,35; 16/24,38; 18/21 Corporation Agency Sharing Indigenous Wisdom: an International Siddha medicine 13/15; 14/10; 15/30; 18/45 Dialogue on Sustainable Development (Green side-effects see health risks associated with Bay, 2007) 15/68(w) NWFPs Sharma, K.K. 18/31 Sierra Leone Sharma, S.D. 14/29 [correction 15/29] bushmeat trade 14/26; 15/56-7 shea (tree) see Vitellaria paradoxa conflicts 15/56-7 Shea 2009: Optimizing the Global Value Chain ecotourism 15/57 (Ouagadougou, 2009) 18/34,62(w) research 15/57 shea butter 13/46; 14/6-7; 17/35; 18/34(F); Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary 15/56-7 (Burkina Faso) 13/10; 14/40(F); 15/18; 17/34-5; Sierra Madre Alliance 15/37(w) (Ghana) 13/10; 17/46; 18/34-5; (Togo) 14/55-6; silk (USA) 14/8,55-6 exports exports from China 16/36 from Africa 13/46(F); 14/8 imports from Burkina Faso 15/18; 17/34 by India 16/36 from Ghana 14/44 silk industry see sericulture from Uganda 14/56 silk threads fair trade certification 17/34-5 exports imports from Uganda 13/63 by Canada 17/34 imports by Europe 13/46(F); 14/56 by China 13/63 by Japan 13/46(F) silkworm eggs by USA 14/8 exports international workshops 13/81(F) from India 17/54 womens projects/trade groups 13/10; 14/40; from Republic of Korea 16/37; 17/54 15/18; 17/34-5,46; 18/34-5 imports Shea Butter Industry Forward, Moving the: by Rwanda 16/37; 17/54 Prospects and Challenges (Tamale, 2006) 14/44 Silva, Marina 14/10,19 Shea Butter Production Initiative 13/10 Silva Mendes, Ajama da 15/27 shea nut (tree) see Vitellaria paradoxa silverfish see Lepisma saccharina shea nuts 14/bc Simmone, Rose A. 17/21 Sheergojri, Gulzar Ahmed 16/51,52 Singapore shellac imports edible shellac 14/14 Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 see also lac cassia powder 16/50 90

kava 16/11 Société d’Agri-Gestion Delapointe 17/34 wildlife trade 14/20 Society for Social Pharmacology, India 16/32 Singh, H.B. 13/5 Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center Singh, N.P. 14/21 (SEDAC), USA 18/66 Singh, S.B. 13/5 Sodatonou, V.Y.M. 18/54 Singh, S.K. 14/45; 16/51 SOFO see State of the World’s Forests Sinh, Doan Nam 17/59 soil pollution control (USA) 13/14-15 Sipola, Markku 18/9 Solanum spp. Sipunculus spp. 16/60 S. nigrum (black nightshade) 17/44 sita ashok see Saraca asoca S. villosum 17/23 SITA Trust 15/40(w) Solh, Mahmood 16/32 sitaphal seei Annona squamosa Solomon Islands Sivaram, V. 17/67 apiculture 18/52 Six Nations, Canada/USA 18/7 Canarium spp. 16/6 Skal International 13/23(S) Somare, Michael 16/62 SKCFUG see Sati Karnali Community Forest Somathilaka, A.H.L. 18/27 User group Some, Laurent 14/60 skin care see cosmetics Some wild-growing fruits, nuts and edible plants Skin Revolution 14/6 of the western Himalayas (CD-ROM) 18/21 Slovenia Songman Circle of Wisdom 17/17 events Songtaab-Yalgre Association, Burkina Faso 15/18 Ljublijana (Sept 2007) 15/70(w) Sonwa, D.J. 17/41 SLU see Swedish University of Agricultural Soriano, Florence P. 15/55 Sciences Sorkin, Lauren N. 14/67 Small and Medium Forest Enterprise SOS Sahel Ethiopia 16/25 Development for Poverty Reduction: Soudre, Kassoum 15/18 Opportunities and Challenges in Globalizing sour foods Markets (Turrialba, 2006) 14/52,66 taste sweeteners 18/26 Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón) 15/42(S),42 sourcebook, Collaborative Partnership on SmartWood programme 13/36(w) Forests (CPF) 13/20-1(w); 14/79(w) Smeraldi, Roberto 13/3 South Africa Smilax dominguenensis (cuculmeca) 14/18(S) bark harvesting 13/32; 14/8 Smith, Ken 14/56 biopiracy/bioprospecting prevention 13/15,16 Smith, S.J. 15/61 devil’s claw harvesting 14/53 Smith, Walter 15/52 domestication of NWFP species 13/88(w) Smithsonian Institution 16/71 events Smithsonian National Zoological Park, USA Cape Town (Nov 2008) 17/68 16/10(w) Johannesburg (Sept 2002) 15/23(F); (Oct Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), 2005) 13/20 Panama 16/71; 18/14 exports Smits, Marc G.A.C. 13/90; 14/50(S) black wattle bark extract 17/9 smuggling see trade, illegal forest policy tools 14/71 snail farming (Cameroon) 15/45 household artefacts 15/72 snail meat imports consumption (Cameroon) 15/44-5 carmine and cochineal 14/13 snakeroot see Rauvolfia serpentina parrots 18/12 snakeskins 14/20 insect consumption 17/24 snowboards, bamboo 17/22 Kruger National Park 15/39 SNV see Netherlands Development marula beer 16/58 Organization medicinal plants 15/72; 16/18 soap-making (Syrian Arab Republic) 16/79(w) clinical trials 16/58-9 soap nut (tree) see Sapindus mukorossi conservation 17/29 soap nuts 17/18 sustainable harvesting 13/32 Soares Machado, Frederico 18/17(S) mosses and liverworts 16/74 So-ba Rig-pa 14/37 Natal National Botanic Garden 14/11 Sobral Filho, Manoel 16/64 traditional knowledge projects 13/15 social forestry 15/77 women’s livelihoods 14/53 social values South African Millennium Ecosystem and wildlife hunting 18/12 Assessment 15/9 Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales (SECF) South African National Biodiversity Institute 13/87(S) 13/12,20; 14/53 Sociedade Brasiliere para o Progresso da Ciência South Carolina, University of, USA 14/25 (SBPC) 16/30 91

South and East Asian Countries NTFP Network S. mombin (taperebá) 16/45 (SEANN) 13/72; 14/79 S. tuberosa (umbú) 16/45 South Pacific, University of the (USP), Fiji 13/18; sports drinks 17/16 15/14,76; 16/7 sports/trophy hunting (Africa) 15/74; 16/74,75; South Pacific Regional Initiative on Forest (Cameroon) 15/39; (Côte d’Ivoire) 13/84; Genetic Resources (SPRIG) 17/3 (southern Africa) 15/39; (sub-Saharan Africa) South Vancouver Island Mycological Society 16/75 13/4 spotted deer 18/39 Southeast Asian Studies, European Association SPRIG see South Pacific Regional Initiative on for (EUROSEAS) International Conference Forest Genetic Resources (Naples, 2007) 14/69-70 Sri Lanka Southern African Development Community biodiversity 13/83 (SADC) 13/32 cinnamon 14/54; 17/54-5 Southern African Natural Products Trade construction materials 16/28 Association see PhytoTrade Africa exports Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources cinnamon 14/54; 16/38; 17/55; 18/27 (SAFIRE), Zimbabwe 17/61,70 kithul sap 14/54 Southern (Austral) University of Chile 17/42 pepper 16/38 southern bamboo rat see Kannabateomys kithul tapping 14/54 amblyonyx medicinal plants 15/76 Southern Cross University, Australia 13/21,49 NWFPs 14/72 space research 16/19; 17/19 Sri Lankan Export Development Board 14/54 Spain Sri Venkateswara (S.V.) University, India 13/41; acorn production 16/73 14/30 cork Srivastava, Rameshwar L. 17/50 forests 13/36; 14/28 SSC see IUCN/Species Survival Commission harvesting 14/28 St Barbe Baker, Richard 13/89(w) industry 14/27 stabilizers dehesa 16/73 alternatives to gum arabic 17/26 events Staddon, Sam 15/34 Barcelona (Oct 2008) 18/19,57 stamps see postage stamps honeydew honey 15/25,26 standards imports ISSC-MAP 13/41(w); 14/38,72,74; 15/6(S),31- butterflies 14/53(S) 2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) cassia powder 16/50 Korean ginseng 13/38 Mappia foetida 13/42 moringa (leaf) powder 17/45-6 pine resin 15/35 PEFC certified products 15/22 rhatany 13/61 Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board, truffles 13/48 Singapore 14/6 see also Canary Islands Stanford University, USA 17/62; 18/7 Spanish Red Cross 14/54 Staphylococcus aureus 13/38; 14/4 Spanish sage see Salvia lavandulifolia see also MRSA Spanish sage oil 14/14 star anise see SPC LRD see Secretariat of the Pacific star reindeer lichen see Cladonia stellaris Community Land Resources Division starch, edible 16/10 [correction 17/11] Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), State Environmental Protection Administration FAO 17/74(w) (SEPA), China 13/68 species mapping 13/82; 17/70; 18/66(w) State Forestry Administration of China 15/70; Species Survival Commission see IUCN/Species 17/36 Survival Commission (SSC) State Forestry Company, Cuba 15/35 SPFS see Special Programme for Food Security State Intellectual Property Bureau, China 13/34 Sphagnum spp. 15/33, 34,34,43 State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) (1995-2005) spice oils 13/80; (2005) 13/7,9; (2007) 15/41,62,77; 17/44 exports State University of New York, USA 18/30 from India 15/22 statistics on NWFPs 16/1 Spijkers, Ad 14/43 bamboo (China) 13/5 spikenard see Nardostachys jatamansi need for 13/70 Spirit of Healing: Traditional Medicine, Fair see also trade data on NWFPs Trade and Health for All (Pennsylvania, 2006) Staudhammer, C.L. 17/12 13/78 Stegomyia aegypti 17/23 Spitteler, Miranda 13/28 Stephania brachyandra 13/42 split gill polypore see Schizophyllum commune Sterculia spp. Spondias spp. 92

S. urens (gum karaya; Indian tragacanth) Sullivan-Fraser, Deannie 16/16 14/21; 15/49 summer camps, indigenous (Russian S. villosa (gum karaya) 14/21 Federation) 13/62-3 Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Sun Kunthor 16/36 Change 18/57 Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh/India Stevens, Barry 18/20 14/45; 15/73 Stevenson Harwood 17/21 Sunwin International Neutraceuticals (SUWN) stevia 14/33-5; (China) 15/46; 17/35; (Japan) 14/34; 15/46 (Kenya) 18/35; (Paraguay) 16/57 superbugs, hospital see MRSA health risks 16/57; 18/35 Supporting Entrepreneurs for Environment and imports Development (SEED) awards (2007) 16/61; by USA 14/34 (2008) 18/29 production 15/46; 16/57; 17/35; 18/35 Suriname Stevia spp. (sweet leaf) biopiracy prevention 13/16 S. rebaudiana (honey leaf) 13/42; 14/34; dry sex practices 17/69 15/32,46; 17/35; 18/35 exports S. r. bertoni 16/57 medicinal plants 17/55,69 S. serrata (chinipata) 14/34 forest mapping 18/53-4 stinging nettles 14/75 herbal markets 17/69 stink bugs (thongolifha) 17/24 indigenous peoples 18/53-4 Stockdale, Mary 14/76; 18/21 medicinal plants 17/55 Stoltenberg, Jens 18/40 trade 17/69 stone pine see Pinus pinea protected areas 15/63 stramma products 14/24-5 traditional knowledge 18/54 Streblus aspera (sheora) 13/30 see also Amazonia and Guiana shield stressed plants Sustainable Agriculture Science Center at chemical emissions 18/21 Alcalde, USA 17/58 STRI see Smithsonian Tropical Research sustainable development (Dominican Republic) Institute, Panama 17/65-6(S); (Himalayan region) 13/28 Strophantus gratus 17/42(F) and NWFPs 17/65-6(S) Struebig, Matthew J. 18/57 Sustainable Development Institute, USA 15/68 Strychnopsis thouarsii 15/20 Sustainable Development of Non-timber Forest Strychnos cocculoides (ntonga) 17/57 Products and Services, International Conference Studlar, Sue 13/6 on the (Beijing, 2007) 16/69 Studley, John 13/23,24 Sustainable Development of the Rattan Sector in Styrax tonkinensis (benzoin) 14/47 Asia, Regional Workshop on (Beijing, 2005) Subba, Sanjyoti 18/45 13/73 Subedi, Bhishma P. 14/77 sustainable environmental management Sublime Food Ltd 16/26 13/82,88(w) Subramony, T.P. 14/67 sustainable forest management 15/75; (Armenia) Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and 16/42-3; (Cameroon) 16/22-3; 18/56; (Congo Technological Advice (SBSTTA) of the Basin) 17/20; (Europe) 14/72; (France) 18/65(F); Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (India) 18/63; (Indonesia) 13/57; (Papua New meetings (13th; Rome, 2008) 17/60 Guinea) 13/60; 14/64; (Republic of the Congo) Sudan 18/56 Acacia spp. 13/67 Aquilaria spp. 13/60; 14/64 events and climate change 18/57,58 Khartoum (Sept 2006) 14/55 funding 13/20-1(w); 14/72,79(w) exports NWFPs 18/65(F) gum arabic 14/55; 15/57; 16/14; 18/52,53 marketing 13/3 medicinal plants 14/55 Sustainable Forest Management, Cultural gum arabic 15/57-8 Heritage and: The Role of Traditional marketing 18/53 Knowledge (Florence, 2006) 13/77 trade 14/55 Sustainable Forest Management and Poverty gum-tapping 14/21 Alleviation, International Conference on: Roles indigenous fruit trees 17/70 of Traditional Forest-related Knowledge medicinal plants 14/55 (Kunming, 2007) 16/70 NWFP dependency 18/52-3 Sustainable Forests National Technical poverty alleviation 18/53 Workshop and Meeting, Round Table on Sudarsanam, G. 17/65 (Knoxville, 2008) 17/65 Sugali, India 13/41 sustainable harvesting see harvesting of NWFPs sugar-free honey 14/34-5 Sustainable Livelihoods, Climate Change and Sukhdev, Pavan 18/57 (Guildford, 2008) 18/61 93

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation International Research Conference on (SDC) 13/53 Biodiversity and the (Kigali, 2007) 15/69(w) Switzerland Sustainable Management of Non-Timber Forest forests Products of Western and Eastern Ghats, recreational value 13/7(F) National Seminar on (Thiruvananthapuram, imports 2000) 16/15 jewellery 14/9 Sustainable Management of NTFPs, National sandalwood 17/17 Workshop on (Jabalpur, 2008) 17/65 tonka beans 17/17 sustainable management of NWFPs species mushroom harvesting 14/71 (Cambodia) 13/50; (China) 13/53 Syndicate of Pine Nut Cultivators, Lebanon Sustainable NTFP Marketing in Viet Nam, 16/52 National Workshop on: Economic, Social and Synsepalum dulcificum 18/26 Ecological Opportunities and Risks (Hanoi, Synthite Industry Chemicals 15/22 2005) 13/73 Syrian Arab Republic Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Project (SRLP) events 18/34,5 Aleppo (July 2007) 16/32 sustainable use of NWFPs (Cambodia) 13/85; soap-making 16/79(w) 16/46 underutilized plants 16/74 trade-related measures 13/11-12; 14/22,76; syrups 18/7 15/76; 16/9,77 see also maple syrup and pine syrups Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Syzygium spp. Aromatic Plants, International Standard for S. cumini (jamun) 17/49 (ISSC-MAP) 13/41(w); 14/38,72,74; 15/6(S),31- S. guineense (water berry tree; zambarau) 2(w),74(w); 17/27; 18/19(w) 17/44,57 Expert Workshop on (2nd, Isle of Vilm, 2005) 14/74 T Suter Thalmann, Claire-Lise 13/7(F) taaba see Nicotiana tabaccum Sutherlandia spp. 16/18 Taapopi, King 15/28 S. frutescens (cancer bush) 16/58 Tabebuia heptaphylla (ipê roxo) 14/38 SUWN see Sunwin International Tabuti, John R.S. 13/8 Neutraceuticals TACARE see Lake Tanganyika Catchment Svensson, Johan 13/68 Reforestation and Education swamp root see Anemopsis californica Tacoma Point Defiance Park, USA 13/14 Swartzia madagascarensis 15/10 tadduns 13/32-3 Swasono, Meutia 14/26 Tagets mihuta (kawunyira) 16/31 Sweden tagua () berry harvesting 18/26 jewellery 14/9; 17/20; 18/17 boreal forests 13/79,80 Tahitian chestnut see Inocarpus fagifer events Taï National Park (Côte d’Ivoire) 15/74 Umeå (Aug 2008) 17/67,68(w) Taiga Rescue Network (TRN) 13/19(w); 14/72; forest management 15/34,37 regional agreements 13/67-8 TAIM see Traditional Arabic and Islamic fungi and lichens 13/79 Medicine imports Taiwan berries 15/56 bamboo plants fungi 15/56 environmental services 14/5 Swedish Forestberry Association 18/26 bamboo textiles industry 13/29 Swedish International Development imports Corporation Agency (SIDA) 13/34 aromatic plants 14/45 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences medicinal plants 14/45 (SLU) 17/67,68 Taiwan Textile Research Institute 13/29 sweet basil (plant) see Ocimum spp. talha see Acacia seyal sweet chestnut (tree) see Castanea sativa Talinum triangulare (waterleaf) 18/43 sweet flag see Acorus calamus 14/66 sweet gale see Myrica gale tamarind see Tamarindus indica sweet leaf see Stevia spp. Tamarindus indica (tamarind; ukwaju) sweet palm see Arenga westerhouttii 14/39(F),40(F); 17/49,57,64 sweet wormwood see Artemisia annua Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India 17/34 sweeteners TANAPA see Tanzania National Parks Authority for sour food 18/26 Tangianau, Otheniel 17/4 see also honey and stevia Tanioku, Katsutoshi 14/46 Swiderska, Krystyna 17/10,11 Tanners Association of Trichy, India 17/20 94 tanning industry (USA) 14/23 Tel Aviv University, Israel 16/38 , natural 13/82; 14/23; 17/71 Telapak 15/26; 18/45 Tanzania see United Republic of Tanzania tella karaka see Terminalia pallida Tanzania Bureau of Standards 17/58 tendu see Diospyros melanoxylon Tanzania Forest Conservation Group 16/30 TenjohOkwen, Okwen 13/10,19 Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA) Tennant, David 15/57,58 13/63 Tenzxi 18/15 Taop Cheang Mountain Community Forestry, Teofilo, Wilbur 17/53 Cambodia 17/40,41 Tepehuano, Mexico 18/47 tapa see bark cloth Tepehuano Forestry Development Project, taperebá see Spondias mombin Mexico 18/47 tapping, gum/resin 14/21; 15/73; (Canada) 14/29; Tephrosia spp. (muluku) 14/31 (Cuba) 15/35; (Fiji) 16/8; (Honduras) 15/73; terap (tree) see Artocarpus elasticus (India) 14/21; (Sri Lanka) 14/54; (Philippines) Terfezia spp. 15/54,55; (Sudan) 14/21 T. claveryi 18/14 almaciga resin 15/54,55 T. pfeilii (Kalahari desert truffle) 14/35 kithul sap 14/54 Termemallia spp. maple syrup 14/29 T. arjunalia 17/48 pine resin 15/35; 16/8 T. tomantose 17/48 raffia 15/54 Terminalia spp. 17/70 tapping tools 14/21 T. bellirica (bahera; harnat) 16/51; 17/49 tarawau see Dracontomelon vitiense T. glaucescens (saringang) 17/42(F) Tarija Native Peoples’ Community, Russian T. kaiserana (mpululu; nyakyusa) 17/57 Federation 13/5 T. pallida (tella karaka) 14/29 tarika see Pandanus nepalensis T. sericea (mpululu; namatipo) 17/56,57 tarweed see Madia sativa termites (madzhulu) 17/24 Tasmania construction materials resistant to 14/45 apiculture 14/36; 15/27 terms/definitions and logging 13/49 for NWFPs 13/2,90; 14/2; 15/2; 16/2; 17/2; 18/2; exports (Central Africa) 14/12(F) honey 15/27 FAO working definition 13/14(F),(S); mosses 13/49-50 14/9(F),(S); 15/13(F),(S); 16/17(F),(S); mushrooms 13/49-50 17/12(F),(S); 18/13(F),(S) Tasmania, University of, Australia 13/49,50 ginseng 15/30 Tasmanian Beekeepers Association 14/36 honey 17/5 Taxonomic Study of the Flora of Tropical Africa, maple syrup 15/59-60 Association for the (AETFAT) Congress (18th; see also dictionaries and glossaries Yaoundé, 2007) 15/63 Tetrapleura tetraptera (akpa) 17/42(F) Taxus spp. textbooks on NWFPs 13/85(Hindi) T. baccata 17/13 textiles see fabrics made from NWFPs T. canadensis (ground hemlock) 14/42; 16/16 TFS see Tropical Forestry Services Ltd, Australia T. wallichiana (thong do) 17/59 Tha, Sean 17/6 Taylor, David 17/27 Thailand Taylor, David A. 15/30,77; 17/58,59 bamboo weaving 16/25 TBI see Tropenbos International biodiversity conservation corridors 13/68 Tchala, Olowo-n’djo 14/55,56 construction materials 13/35 Tchibozo, Sévérin 18/20(F),67 events Tchoundjeu, Zac 13/22 Bangkok (March 2007) 14/68; (Sept 2007) Tchuinte, Madeleine 15/63 15/69 Te Parapara Garden, New Zealand 14/49 Chiang Mai (Feb 2003) 13/85; (Oct 2007) Te Parapara Garden Trust 14/49 15/70; (Nov 2007) 15/71(w); (Feb 2008) tea tree (plant) see Melaleuca alternifolia 16/71; 17/23-4,65 tea tree oil exports health risks 15/23 bamboo products 17/51 tea tree oil industry (Australia) 16/43 lac resin 13/47 teas see herbal teas oudh 18/54 Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural imports Cooperation (CTA) 17/45,71 NWFPs 14/47,48 Tectona grandis 17/49,49 NWFPs 14/71 Teeb see The Economics of Ecosystems and see also Mekong region Biodiversity Thakur, F.R. 14/21 TEF see Equilibrium Fund, The Thami, Nepal 15/52 Teketay, Demel 17/44 thanakha 14/6,bc 95 thanakha (tree) see Limonia acidissima tapa 15/34,35 thatching (Pacific Islands) 16/9,10,bc exports Thaumatococcus daniellii 13/10; 16/19(F) sandalwood 17/3 Thaw (brand) 17/22 medicinal plants 14/56 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity sandalwood production 17/4 (Teeb) 18/57 tonka bean (tree) see Dipteryx odorata Themeda quadrivalvis 17/49 tonka beans Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu) 16/45 exports thimbleberries 18/41 from Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Thoenes, Peter 13/46(F) 17/17 Thomas, Paul 16/38 imports Thomas, Richard 18/19 by Switzerland 17/17 Thomson, Lex A.J. 16/6,9; 17/4 tools, gum-tapping 14/21 Thomson, P. 13/67 Topa, Guiseppe 18/21 thong do see Taxus wallichiana tora see Cassia tora thongolifha see stink bugs Toronto, University of, Canada 14/70; 15/70; Thrace, Democritus University of, Greece 16/22 18/15 Threads for Life 16/25 tourism 18/65; (Afghanistan) 16/41,42; (Ecuador) Thrifty Foods 18/41 13/7; (Kenya) 13/7; (Malaysia) 18/24; (Nepal) 13/7; Thuita, Joseph 14/33 18/24; (Rwanda) 13/7; (USA) 13/7 Thuja plicata (western red cedar) 18/3 and indigenous peoples 14/72 thunder daughter see truffles, desert see also ecotourism and nature tourism products 17/37 Tourism Cares for Tomorrow 17/19(w) Thymus capitata 17/56 tovara see Cassia tora Thysanolaema maxima (broom grass) 14/47 toxicity see health risks associated with NWFPs Tibet Trachemys scripta 14/50 ethnoforestry paradigms 13/23-4 TRADA 16/28; 18/61 imports trade, domestic medicinal plants 16/42 medicinal plants (Malaysia) 14/48; (Nepal) Tibetan medicine 14/32 17/28 Tieguhong, J.C. 17/21 rattan products 13/11 Tien, Tran Van 17/59 shea butter 14/44; (Africa) 13/46(F) tien chi ginseng see Panax notoginseng trade, environmentally-sustainable see BioTrade TIES see International Ecotourism Society trade, ethical 13/78; 15/66-7(w),78(w); 16/63 tiger conservation 18/63 certification 17/34-5 Tiger Paper 16/79 charters (southern Africa) 13/12 tigernut see Cyperus esculentus and cosmetics industry 13/13; 17/34-5 timber harvesting (Congo Basin) 18/65 trade, illegal and NWFPs 18/65 bushmeat (USA) 15/40; (Zambia) 15/39 see also logging ivory 13/57 Timor-Leste sandalwood (India) 14/32; 17/34; (Kenya) bamboo sector 14/33 development 13/34 and trade-related measures 13/12 tinder conk see Fomes fomentarius see also plant trade, illegal and wildlife trade, Tiriyó see Trio, Brazil/Suriname illegal Tirmania nivalis 18/14 trade, international Tiveau, Daniel 16/62 agarwood (gaharu) 16/53-4; 17/14 Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Sierra Leone gums 15/49 15/56-7 honey 17/5 Tjahyono, Ambar 17/50 and MDGs 15/11 Tjernberg, Marogan 18/26 medicinal plants 14/48; 16/51 TKDL see Traditional Knowledge Digital NWFPs (1992/2002) 13/8-9; (2004) 14/22-3 Library, India and public-private partnerships 13/10 tlhokabotshwaro see Hoodia gordonii rattan products 13/11 Toffoli, Alessandro 13/6,63 regulation 13/11-12; 14/22,76; 15/76; 16/9,77 Togo reptile skins 16/73; 17/35,36 aromatic plants 18/54(F) resins 15/49 medicinal plants 18/54(F) wildlife 14/71; 16/39; 17/70 poverty alleviation 14/55-6 see also exports and imports shea butter enterprises 14/55-6 trade data on NWFPs (India) 13/9 Tolba, Inas A. 16/49 see also statistics on NWFPs Tonga trade-related measures bark cloth 96

and sustainable use of NWFPs 13/11-12; training 14/22,76; 15/76; 16/9,77 apiculture (Cameroon) 18/40 Tradition to Technology Conference (Saskatoon, bamboo sector (China) 13/77; 14/67; 17/66; 2007) 15/68(w) (Ethiopia) 15/47; (Fiji) 16/5-6; (India) 14/67; Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine (Kenya) 17/51; (United Republic of Tanzania) (TAIM), Regional Scientific Conference on (1st; 15/59 Amman, 2007) 15/69(w) handicrafts (Philippines) 15/55; (Russian traditional Chinese medicine 16/14,61; 17/29; Federation) 15/55 18/12,27,35 NWFPs enterprises (Russian Federation) Traditional and Designer Basketry Competition, 17/54 International (Tenerife, 2009) 18/62 NWFPs harvesting (Canada) 14/41; 17/75; Traditional Healers’ Association of South Africa 18/8 16/58,59 Training Centre for Tropical Resources and traditional knowledge 13/bc; 14/71; 15/73; 16/12,13; Ecosystems Sustainability (TREES), Philippines 18/66(w); (Africa) 16/18; (Australia) 14/5; 13/78(w); 14/69(w) (Bolivia) 15/14(S); (Cameroon) 15/75(F); Trametes versicolor (turkey tail) 15/60 (Canada) 13/52; 16/16; (Chile) 14/72; (China) Tramford International Ltd 13/34 16/76; (Colombia) 18/42; (Ethiopia) 17/44; Transformation Reef Cameroon (TRC) 18/56 (Guinea) 14/25; (India) 13/15,55-6; 14/10-11,22-3; transfrontier Biosphere Reserves 15/76; (Kenya) 16/75; (Malaysia) 13/17-18; (Mali) (Argentina/Chile) 15/62(S) 17/29; (Myanmar) 17/51; (Namibia) 17/13; (New transfrontier conservation areas 13/67; 18/65 Zealand) 14/49; (Pakistan) 14/51; 16/56,57,75; TRC see Transformation Reef Cameroon (Peru) 16/74; (Philippines) 17/13-14; (Russian treacle see kithul sap Federation) 13/62-3; (South Africa) 13/15; Tree Africa 13/43 (Suriname) 18/54 TREE AID 13/28(w); 15/52(F); 17/40; 18/59(F) and certification 18/21 tree planting (Africa) 13/28; 18/56; (Cameroon) databases 13/15; 17/13-14 18/40-1; (Eritrea) 17/32; (Ethiopia) 17/32; and forest management 16/70 (Senegal) 18/52 and indigenous languages 14/60; 17/62 see also forest rehabilitation and and patents 13/15-18; 14/10-11 reforestation projects 13/15,17-18 trees protection 13/15; 16/18 branches 13/26(F) and underutilized species 14/65 diversity (Indonesia) 13/82 see also medicinal uses of NWFPs single trees Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Heritage and valuation (India) 17/5; (UK) 17/21 Sustainable Forest Management: The Role of venerable trees 13/89(F)(w) (Florence, 2006) 13/77; 15/73 TREES see Training Centre for Tropical Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, India 13/15; 14/10 Philippines Traditional Medicinals 15/32; 17/27 Trees for the African Humid Tropics, Traditional Medicine, Fair Trade and Health for Domesticating High-value: seminar (Yaoundé; All, Spirit of Healing: (Pennsylvania, 2006) 2005) 13/22 13/78 Trees Connecting People: in Action Together traditional medicine/s 15/72; 16/73; (Africa) (Bogotá, 2008) 17/67 13/73; (Bhutan) 14/37; (Bolivia) 18/18(S); Trees, Human Health and Well-being, (Marshall Islands) 15/76; (United Republic of International Conference on Forests, Tanzania) 17/56 (Copenhagen, 2006) 13/78 practitioners (Bangladesh) 18/38; (Ethiopia) Trees for Life 16/23(w) 17/44; (India) 13/55-6; 14/22-3,74; (Mali) Trees for Life Journal 16/23(w) 17/29; (Myanmar) 17/51 Trema orientalis 16/21(F); 17/25(F) and Western medicine 18/18(S) tribals, India 13/55; 16/74; 17/47 and wildlife trade 14/26; 16/40,61; 18/12 Tricholoma 13/50 see also African traditional medicine; Arabic Trillium camschatcense 14/74 and Islamic Medicine; Ayurvedic medicine; Trinity Research and Production Company 14/7 Chinese traditional medicine; herbal Trio (Tiriyó), Brazil/Suriname 18/53 medicines; Siddha medicine; So-ba Rig-pa; Tripathi, Sadhna 18/16 Tibetan medicine; Unani medicine and Triplett, Jimmy 15/25 Vietnamese traditional medicine Triplochiton scleroxylon 16/21(F); 17/25(F) Traditional Tree Initiative, Pacific Islands TRN see Taiga Rescue Network 15/35(w) Trondheim Conference on Biodiversity TRAFFIC Europe 16/73 (Trondheim, 2007) 16/70(w) TRAFFIC International 13/11,12(w),41; 14/22,28; Tropenbos International (TBI) Ghana 14/44 15/6(S),32; 16/39(w),61(w); 17/27,36,72; 18/12,19 trophy hunting see sports/trophy hunting 97

Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Tumucumaque Mountains National Park, Brazil Education Center see Centro Agronomico 15/63 Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Tunado see Uganda National Apiculture India 17/71,75; 18/64 Development Organization Tropical Forest Research Institute, India 17/65 Tunbridge filmy fern see Hymenophyllum Tropical Forestry Services (TFS) Ltd, Australia tunbrigense 14/33; 16/43(w); 17/3,34,66(w); 18/38 Tunisia tropical forests cork landscapes 14/27,28 dry forests 14/73 ecotourism 18/55 environmental services payments 17/72 essential oils evergreen broad-leaved forest (China) 14/75 market analysis 18/67 mixed forests 16/73; 17/72 events valuation 15/75 Trabzon (Nov 2006) 14/67 see also tropical rain forests exports tropical rain forests 13/79; 14/71,75; (Amazonia) honey 17/5 14/59;18/39-40; (Brunei Darussalam) 15/44,62; pine nuts 15/37; 16/52 (Congo Basin) 15/63; (Guiana shield) 13/81; forestry policies 17/55-6 (Indonesia) 15/51,62; (Malaysia) 15/62 pine nut production 15/37 assessments 17/70 turkey tail see Trametes versicolor and climate change 17/8,11,68 Turkish Apiarist’s Union 17/6 conservation 15/44,51,62 Turkish pine see Pinus brutia funds 14/59; 15/63; 18/39-40 turmeric see Curcuma longa educational resources 16/79(w) turpentine 15/35,37 environmental services 15/51 Tuscia University, Italy 13/44; 14/74 NWFPs cultivation 14/75 Tweheyo, Raymond 16/33 Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under 2010 Biodiversity Indicator Partnership 16/64(w) Global Change, International Scientific Tylophora indica (dama bel) 17/50 Conference on (Bali, 2008) 17/68(w) Typha spp. true cinnamon see Cinnamomum zeylinicum T. elephantina (hogla) 16/43-4 Truffle UK Ltd 18/36 T. latifolia (cattail) 18/6 truffles (Australia) 14/35; 18/36; (Croatia) 13/48; Tyynelä, Tapani 17/45 (France) 13/48; 18/36,64; (Hungary) 14/35; (Italy) 13/4,47,48; 14/46; 18/36; (New Zealand) 13/48; U 14/35; (Poland) 16/38; (Spain) 13/48; (UK) 13/48; Uapaca kirkiana 17/60 16/38-9; 18/36; (USA) 13/48; 14/73; 15/19 uci see Euodia hortensis exports Udege, Russian Federation 15/55; 18/5 from Italy 14/46 Udzungwa Mountains, United Republic of imports Tanzania 14/73 by Italy 14/46 UEBT see Union for Ethical BioTrade truffles, desert (earth egg; earth tree; Hober; UFA see Unités forestières d’aménagement Jobi; Khalasi; thunder daughter; Zobeidi) UFE see Unités forestières d’exploitation (Libya) 18/36; (Namibia) 14/35 Uganda exports aloe vera processing 15/58 from Libya 18/36 aphrodisiacs 16/59 imports bark cloth 13/29-30 by Europe 18/36 biodiversity 13/83 by Gulf states 18/36 community empowerment 16/23 Tsavo National Park, Kenya 13/57 construction materials 15/73 Tscharntke, Teja 17/68 ecotourism 13/6; 18/55 Tshabalala-Msimang, Manto 16/18 events Tsiang, Tutu 13/16 Kampala (Oct 2006) 16/33 Tsimane, Bolivia 18/18(S) exports Tsinghua University, China 17/11 honey 15/58; 16/59 tsunami protection mulberry cuttings 16/37; 17/54 and mangroves 15/19 shea butter 14/56 Tuber spp. silk threads 13/63 T. borchi 13/48 fodder 14/31 T. melanosporum (Perigord truffle) 13/48; forest area 17/9 15/19 forest conservation 13/6 tucumà see Astrocaryum aculeatum and development 17/9 Tugen, Kenya 15/52 gum arabic production 15/73 Tuma, Romeu 17/13 honey collection 14/72 indigenous plant conservation 17/70 98

Kibale National Park 14/73; 15/73 UNEP see United Nations Environment Mabira Forest Reserve 15/72 Programme medicinal plants 15/75; 16/31 UNESCO see United Nations Educational, NWFPs 15/76 Scientific and Cultural Organization veterinary uses 16/31 UNFCCC see United Nations Framework sericulture 13/63 Convention on Climate Change transboundary protected areas 13/67 UNFF see United Nations Forum on Forests wastewater treatment 13/34 Unidad de Registro de Conocimientos Uganda Commercial Aloe Vera Farmers Tradicionales, Bolivia 15/14(S) Association 15/58 UNIDO see United Nations Industrial Uganda Export Promotion Board 14/56; 15/58 Development Organization Uganda National Apiculture Development UNIFEM see United Nations Development Fund Organization (Tunado) 16/59 for Women Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) 18/55 Unilever 13/13 Uganda Wildlife Safaris 18/55 Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) 15/66-7(w) Uggah Embas, Douglas 18/15 Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza (UICN) see UICN (Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza) see IUCN (The World Conservation Union) IUCN (The World Conservation Union) United Arab Emirates Uju, Julida anak 16/25 artificial forests 13/80 ujuxte (tree) see Brosimum alicastrum cancer drug production 17/30 Ukraine events berry harvesting 14/56 Abu Dhabi (Jan 2009) 17/22 events fragrance market 14/7 Kiev (June 2008) 17/56 imports mushroom harvesting 14/56 aromatic plants 14/45 mushroom prices 17/56 gum arabic 15/57 ukwaju see Tamarindus indica medicinal plants 14/45 Ultracoelostoma assimile 14/9 NWFPs 13/13 UMBI see Maryland Biotechnology Institute, postage stamps 15/58 University of, USA United Kingdom umbú see Spondias tuberosa biosecurity risks 18/26 umckaloabo see Pelargonium spp. bushmeat consumption UMFI see Upland Marketing Foundation, Inc health risks 18/10-11 UmMemezi see Cassipourea flanaganii events UMSS see Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Chipping Campden (March 2009) 18/62 Bolivia Guildford (Nov 2008) 18/61 UN see United Nations imports uña de gato see Uncaria tomentosa açai pulp 16/26 UNAM see Namibia, University of Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 Unani medicine 13/15,33; 14/10,36; 15/30; 18/38,45 Brazil nuts 18/32 Unasylva 16/66(w) butterflies 14/53(S) Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw; uña de gato) cassia powder 16/50 14/18(S); 15/5(S); 18/18 jewellery 14/9 UNCTAD see United Nations Conference on kava 16/11 Trade and Development Lycium barbarum (goji berry) 18/26 underutilized plants 16/73; 17/69; (Syrian Arab moss 15/33 Republic) 16/74 NWFPs 13/13 Underutilized Plants for Food, Nutrition, sandalwood oil 17/34 Income and Sustainable Development, insect consumption 13/37 International Symposium on (Arusha, 2008) London wildweb 13/89(w) 15/71(w); 16/72(w) single trees 17/21 underutilized species (India) 14/74-5 truffles 13/48; 16/38-9; 18/36 and biodiversity 14/65 walnut agroforestry 15/75 blogs 16/78 wildlife trade 16/40; 18/10 environmental services 14/65 see also Scotland and food security 14/65 United Nations 14/59 income-generation from NWFPs 14/65 United Nations Climate Change Conference and livelihood improvement 14/65 (COP-13; Bali, 2007) 17/9,14,50,62; (COP-14; traditional knowledge 14/65 Poznań, 2008) 17/14; 18/56,58; (COP-15; UNDP see United Nations Development Copenhagen, 2009) 17/14 Programme United Nations Collaborative Program on UNECE see United Nations Economic Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Commission for Europe 99

Forest Degradation in Developing Countries see livelihood improvement 17/57-8 REDD mechanism miombo woodlands 17/57-8 United Nations COMTRADE database 13/70 participatory forest management 16/25 United Nations Conference on Trade and poverty alleviation 13/64 Development (UNCTAD) 15/6(S),67,70 raffia weaving projects 16/24-5 United Nations Development Fund for Women traditional medicine 17/56 (UNIFEM) 13/10 training 15/59 United Nations Development Programme Udzungwa Mountains 14/73 (UNDP) 13/68; 15/9(w); 16/5,29,52; 17/32,51 wastewater treatment 13/34 Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Project (SRLP) wildlife hunting 14/73,74; 17/36 18/34,5 women’s projects 16/24-5; 17/58 United Nations Economic Commission for United States Agency for International Europe (UNECE) 13/81; 16/60 Development (USAID) 14/67; 16/41; 18/48 United Nations Educational, Scientific and United States of America see USA Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 13/29,57; United States Department of Agriculture 14/59,60,78; 15/55,62(S); 18/10,56 (USDA) 14/29; 15/40; 17/27 United Nations Environment Programme Agricultural Research Service 13/31; 18/27 (UNEP) 13/85; 14/13,14(w),73; 15/68,78; 16/64,70; Forest Service 13/6,89(w); 14/78(w); 16/35; 18/11 17/65; 18/62 Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) Pacific Northwest Research Station 17/36(w); 18/10 13/65,83(w); 14/71,74; 15/61,75(w); 16/75; SEED awards (2007) 16/61; (2008) 18/29 18/64 see also World Conservation Monitoring Southern Research Station 13/84(w); Centre (WCMC), UK 18/62(w) United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) National Organic Program 15/26 14/78(w); 15/65; 17/62; Sessions (6th; 2006) 13/86; National Resources Conservation Service 16/13 PLANTS database 13/88 United Nations Framework Convention on United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Climate Change (UNFCCC) 17/11; 18/57 13/38; 14/57; 18/8,10 United Nations General Assembly 15/65,66; United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 14/9 16/68; 17/62 Unités forestières d’aménagement (UFA) United Nations Industrial Development 16/19(F) Organization (UNIDO) 17/47 Unités forestières d’exploitation (UFE) 16/19(F) United Nations International Panel on Climate Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Change 18/7 Bolivia 17/39 United Nations Permanent Forum on universities Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) 16/68(w); 17/62,63 Australia Sessions (7th; New York, 2009) 16/68; 17/8 Central Queensland 14/5 United Nations Statistics Division 16/39 Charles Darwin 17/71 United Nations University, Japan 15/14,74 James Cook 17/3,4,33 United Nations World Food Programme see Melbourne 17/8 World Food Programme Southern Cross 13/21,49 United Natural Products Alliance 16/60 Tasmania 13/49,50 United Plant Savers 13/28(w) Western Sydney 15/20 United Republic of Tanzania Bangladesh agroforestry 17/56 Shahjalal University of Science & apiculture 16/59 Technology 13/30; 16/44; 17/71 Artemisia annua cultivation 13/40 Belgium bamboo sector Antwerp 18/52 training 15/59 Ghent 17/64 bamboo trade 13/64 Bolivia bee plants 16/74,77 Universidad Mayor de San Simon bushmeat hunting 16/74 (UMSS) 17/39 butterfly farming 16/29,30 Bosnia and Herzegovina events Sarajevo 18/64 Arusha (March 2008) 15/71(w); 16/72(w) Brazil exports Campinas State 16/63 sandalwood 16/63-4 Federal University of Acre 16/63 forest area 17/9 São Paulo (USP) 14/30; 16/30 fruit-processing projects 17/58 Canada Gombe National Park 18/10 Alberta 13/6 indigenous tree conservation 17/57-8 Algoma (AUC)16/18 insect harvesting 15/28,59,76 British Columbia 18/21 100

Guelph 17/26 Florence 13/77 Laurentian 16/48 L’Aquila 14/25 Laval 13/26(F),90 Tuscia 13/44; 14/74 McGill 18/14 Japan Royal Roads 14/41; 15/68; Kitasato 13/24 18/5(w),8,9(w),20,41 United Nations University 15/14,74 Toronto 14/70; 15/70; 18/15 Malaysia University College of the North 14/41; Malaya 16/22; 18/15 18/8 Nottingham 18/15 Western Ontario 15/58; 17/25 Putra 17/26 Chile Namibia 13/58,59; 17/13 Southern (Austral) 17/42 Netherlands China Utrecht 17/55 Tsinghua 17/11 New Zealand Colombia Otago 13/42 Technological University of Pereira 13/87 Victoria University of Wellington 15/14 Costa Rica 16/33(S) Waikato 15/26 Cuba Nigeria ‘Marta Abreu’ de Las Villas 13/53 Benin 18/49 Czech Republic Olabisi Onabanjo 13/60 Czech University of Agriculture 16/49 Norway Democratic Republic of the Congo Oslo 17/29,30 Kinshasa 18/43 Papua New Guinea 13/18 Denmark Paraguay Copenhagen 17/33 Asunción 16/57 Ethiopia Philippines Addis Ababa 15/47 Philippines Los Baños 13/78; 14/69(w); Fiji 18/51 South Pacific 13/18; 15/14,76; 16/7 Poland Finland Łódź 16/38 Helsinki 14/15(w); 17/57 Warsaw Agricultural 14/69 Joensuu 13/81(w),88(w); 14/74(w); Portugal 15/75(w); 17/45 Technical University of Lisbon 14/67 French Polynesia 14/66 Republic of Korea Germany Seoul 17/67 Berlin Free University 13/62 Slovenia Dresden University of Technology 16/31; Ljubljana 15/70 17/5 South Africa Freiburg 14/16(w),72; 17/68(w) KwaZulu-Natal 16/58 Munich 16/73(w) Pretoria 17/68(w) Würzburg 14/25 Western Cape 16/58 Ghana Spain University for Development Studies Autonomous University of Barcelona 14/44 18/18(S) University of Ghana 17/46 Polytechnic University of Madrid Greece 14/14,52(S); 15/42(S),54(S); 16/26(S) Democritus University of Thrace 16/22 Sudan Hungary Khartoum 14/55 West Hungary 13/81 Sweden India Swedish University of Agricultural Bangalore 17/5,67 Sciences 17/67,68 Burdwan 17/23 Thailand Sher-e-Kashmir University of Chiang Mai 15/71; 16/71; 17/65 Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kasetsart 15/69 Kashmir 16/52 Turkey Sri Venkateswara (S.V.) 13/41; 14/30 Istanbul 18/55 Tamil Nadu Agricultural 17/34 Karadeniz 14/67(w) Indonesia Uganda University of Indonesia 14/26 Makerere 13/8; 16/31,33 Israel Mbarara University of Science & Ben-Gurion, of the Negev 14/35 Technology 16/33 Tel Aviv 16/38 United Kingdom Italy Cambridge 14/26(w); 18/10,13 101

East Anglia 18/57 Upland Marketing Foundation, Inc (UMFI) Edinburgh 15/34 15/24 Imperial College London 14/17(w); UPLB see Philippines Los Baños, University of 17/44(w),71 the Kent 14/25(w),69,70(w); 18/13 UPM 18/9 Loughborough 13/23,24(w) UPNG see Papua New Guinea, University of Nottingham 18/15 urban areas Oxford 14/53(w); 17/52(w) bushmeat consumption (Equatorial Guinea) Reading 13/50 14/71 University College London 17/44 urban forestry 13/82 West of England 18/29 urban and peri-urban forestry (UPF) 17/67,74(w) United Republic of Tanzania urban/rural integration see Cost Action E30 Dar-es-Salaam 13/64 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) USA 14/13,34; 18/35 American University Washington D.C. USA 13/17 balsam harvesting 18/65 Brown 17/10 bamboo Buffalo 17/31 new species 15/25 California, Berkeley 14/27; 15/40 bee colony collapse 16/3; 18/25 California, San Francisco 15/21 biodiversity 14/72; 16/74 Clemson 14/25 bioprospecting 15/60 Colorado State 16/35; 17/22 bushmeat consumption 15/40 Columbia 13/89(w); 16/28,62 chestnut forests 13/35-6 Cornell 14/25 cork growing 17/58-9 Florida 17/62 deer hunting 13/64; 15/41-2 Fort Valley State 14/68(w) ecological restoration 18/3-4 Frostburg State 13/65 endangered species 14/75 George Washington 13/73 events Georgia 13/89; 18/18(S) Georgia (March 2007) 14/68 Georgia Institute of Technology 13/18 Green Bay (June 2007) 15/68(w) Grand Valley State 17/52 Knoxville (Feb 2008) 17/65 Harvard 18/26 Minneapolis (Oct 1998) 14/41 Hawai’i at Manoa 16/10(w) New Orleans (April 2008) 17/22 Iowa State 15/25 New York (March 2008) 17/21; Johns Hopkins 14/26; 17/14 (April/May 2009) 16/68 Maryland Biotechnology Institute Newhaven (April 2006) 13/75 13/65(w) Orlando (June/July 2004) 13/22 Massachusetts 16/57 Pennsylvania (June 2006) 13/78 Minnesota 13/14; 14/41 Washington, DC (July 2005) 13/73; (Oct Missouri 16/58 2006) 14/67; (Dec 2008) 18/61(w) New Mexico State 17/58(w) Wisconsin (July 2006) 14/25 North Carolina 15/25,60 exports Oregon State 13/6; 15/22 ginseng 13/38; 14/57; 15/32 Pennsylvania State (PennState) 13/78; leather 14/23 15/33(w),78(w) forest policies South Carolina 14/25 and informal economic activity 18/64 Stanford 17/62; 18/7 fungi State University of New York 18/30 mushrooms 14/73 Utah 13/18 chanterelle 13/65 Washington Seattle 13/39 morels 13/83; 15/75 Washington State 13/14 truffles 13/48; 14/73; 15/19 West Virginia 13/6,65 ginseng 13/28,38; 14/57; 15/30,32,77; 17/26; Yale 13/75(w),81(w); 15/78; 16/42 18/31 Viet Nam harvesting 13/38; 18/31 Hanoi University of Technology 13/66 origin labelling laws 16/40 Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural goldenseal 13/84 Sciences 18/55 honey Ho Chi Minh City University of local flavours 18/25 Technology 17/59 huckleberries 13/65; 15/75 Zimbabwe 15/61 imports UNPFII see United Nations Permanent Forum Ayurvedic fabric 13/30 on Indigenous Issues Brazil nuts 18/32 UPF see urban and peri-urban forestry bushmeat 15/40 102

butterflies 14/53(S); 15/29 UTA see Uukwaluudhi Traditional Authtority butterfly larvae 14/43(S) Utah, University of, USA 13/18 caiman meat 17/36 UTEXRWA 16/37; 17/54 camu camu 15/8 Utrecht University, Netherlands 17/55 cassia powder 16/50 Uukwaluudhi Traditional Authtority (UTA) cork 14/28 15/28 guchhi mushrooms 14/44 UV protection 17/22 gum arabic 15/57 UWA see Uganda Wildlife Authority handicrafts 16/60 Uzbekistan honey 15/26; 17/5; 18/39 exports ipeca products 16/32(S) NWFPs 16/60 jewellery 14/9 income-generation 16/60 kava 16/11 NWFPs 16/60 lac resin 13/47 maple syrup 14/29; 16/48 V medicinal plants 15/32 Vabi, Michael Boboh 16/47 moringa (malunggay) oil 17/31-2 Vaccinium spp. (blueberry) 13/65; 18/6 NWFPs 13/13 V. ovatum (huckleberry) 18/3 parrots 18/12 V. vitisidaea 13/3 pine resin 14/58 Vakaola, Kesaia 16/8 rhatany 13/61 Valdivieso Eguiguren, Fabián 13/54 Ryania products 16/48(S) Valecha, Neena 16/32 shea butter 14/8 value chains of NWFPs (Bolivia/Mexico) 14/13-14 stevia 14/34 values/valuation of forests and NWFPs 13/3-13; xate palm fronds 15/48; 16/55 16/73,75; (Central Africa) 16/66-7; (Congo Basin) leather 14/23 17/21; (India) 17/5; (Mediterranean region) 13/83; maple syrup 17/69; (Switzerland) 13/7(F); (Thailand) 14/71; legal definitions 15/59-60 (UK) 17/21 production 14/29; 17/26-7 biodiversity 16/64 tapping 14/29 and entrepreneurship 15/76; 16/66-7 medicinal plants 13/65; 17/58 environmental services 16/76; 17/8,21,72; moss harvesting 13/6,74; 15/33,75 18/57 national forests 13/88(w) forests 15/75 NWFP management 13/83 single trees 17/5,21 nut cultivation 16/35 Van Andel, Tinde R. 17/55 NWFPs 14/74 Van Damme, Patrick 17/64 patents 13/17 Van Lopik, William 15/68 pharmaceutical industry 13/17 Van Vuuren, Flip 13/59 pinyon-juniper forests 16/34-5 Van Vuuren, Jansen 13/59 ramps harvesting 15/60 VanCity 18/41 shea butter enterprises 14/55-6 Vantomme, Paul 13/69; 15/2; 18/60 soil pollution control 13/14-15 Vanuatu Tacoma Point Defiance Park 13/14 Canarium spp. 16/6 tanning industry 14/23 sandalwood oil 14/32 tourism 13/7 sandalwood production 14/33; 17/3-4 tropical dry forests 13/81 Varroa destructor 16/3 wild flowers 14/78(w) vasica see Adhatoda vasica wildlife hunting 16/75 vegetable fibre industry (Canary Islands) 16/15 wildlife trade 14/27 vegetable ivory see tagua Willamette Valley 18/3-4 vegetation maps (Ecuador) 13/79(S) see also Alaska and Hawaii Veitch, Charles 14/53; 17/52(S) USAID see United States Agency for Veld Products Research & Development 15/44 International Development Velmurugan, M. 17/34 USAID/FRAME Natural Products in Rural Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Enterprises Workshop (Washington, DC, 2006) biopiracy prevention 13/16 14/67 exports USDA see United States Department of tonka beans 17/17 Agriculture NWFPs 15/5-6(S),8(S) USP see São Paulo, University of, Brazil; South see also Amazonia and Guiana shield Pacific, University of the, Fiji and United States Verbena erinoides 16/20 Pharmacopeia Verma, S.K. 13/72 Usufructs Management, International Journal of Vernonia spp. (JFUM) 13/90 V. amygdalina (omubirizil) 16/31 103

V. cinerea (kaukamea) 16/7 Vita 17/32 V. conferta 17/30(F) Vitality of Cork Oaks and Holm Oaks veterinary uses of NWFPs 14/29; 15/47,73; Settlements: Current Situation (Evora, 2006) 16/31,38; 17/26,28,68; 18/29 14/67 VFA see Volunteers for Africa VitaMan 14/5,6 VFAs see village forestry associations Vitarana, Tissa 16/28 Viburnum trilobum (high bush cranberry) 18/6 Vitellaria paradoxa (also known as Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Butyrospermum parkii; karité; l’or des femmes; 15/14 shea) 13/45-6(F); 14/39(F),44,bc; 15/18; 16/20(F); Vienna Declaration (2003) 16/12 17/35,46 Viet Nam Vitex spp. agarwood trade 14/57 V. doniana (furu) 17/57 Aquilaria plantations 18/61 V. mombassae (ntalali) 17/57 Artemisia annua cultivation 13/40 V. trifolia (volukaka) 16/7 biodiversity conservation VITRI see Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, corridors 13/68 Finland and NWFP management 13/65-6 Voacanga spp. 17/42(F) bioprospecting V. africana 14/44,44 benefit-sharing 13/42 Vohman, Erika 16/36; 17/32; 18/33 cancer drug production 17/59 Voices from the Forest (film) 15/24 ecotourism 17/59; 18/55 Voices from the Forest (newsletter) 15/24 events Voices from the Forest, India (film) 18/45 An Giang Province (Nov 2008) 18/61 Volshebnaya Pchela (Fairy Bee) trademark 17/5 Hanoi (June 2005) 13/73; (April 2008) volukaka see Vitex trifolia 14/61; (June 2007) 15/68 volunteers, FAO Forestry Department 13/69; exports 18/67 bamboo coal and essence 13/66 Volunteers for Africa (VFA) 15/52(w) bamboo fencing 14/5 Vosges Mountains, France 14/73 Dia Sam 16/60 Vuningoma, James 18/52 handicrafts 16/60 NWFPs 14/58 W pepper berries 15/22 wa bosucu see Mikania micrantha pine resin 14/58 Waikato, University of, New Zealand 15/26 herbal teas 17/59 Wain, Erika 18/25 Hoang Lien Son National Park 15/61 Wainimakutu Mothers’ Club, Fiji 13/55 imports WAINIMATE see Women’s Association for Brazil nuts 18/32 Natural Medicinal Therapy, Fiji mimosene 17/59 Waldbau Institute, Germany 17/68(w) NWFPs 14/47,48 Walder, Ken 14/56 lac cultivation 13/46-7 Walker, Shawn 17/65 logging 17/59 Wal-Mart 16/57 medicinal plants walnut (tree) see Juglans spp. overharvesting 15/61 Walter, Sven 13/69,72(F); 14/13,64(F); 15/2,65 trade 16/61 Wangdi, Phuntsho 14/37 NWFPs 14/72 War, Hawa 16/55(F); 17/15(F); 18/22(F) marketing 13/73 Wargovich, Michael 14/25 pine resin 13/66 warnings see health risks associated with poverty alleviation 14/61; 15/74 NWFPs salt-marsh forests 16/60 Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland 14/69 wildlife trade 16/40; 18/11-12 Washington at Seattle, University of, USA 13/39 see also Mekong region Washington State University, USA 13/14 Viet Nam Bee Research and Development wastewater treatment (Brazil) 15/7; (China) 14/3; Centre 17/6 (India) 18/24; (Rwanda) 13/34; (Uganda) 13/34; Viet Nam NTFP Project Phase II 15/68 (United Republic of Tanzania) 13/34 Viet Nam NTFP Working Group 13/66 using bamboo 13/34; 14/3; 15/7; 18/24 Vietnamese traditional medicine 16/61; 18/12 Watanabe, Thelma 18/50,51 Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), water berry tree see Syzygium guineense Finland 17/57(w) water pollution (Lake Victoria) 13/34 Viji, Ioan 17/4 water supply protection 18/56 village forestry associations (VFAs) (Republic of water treatment see drinking water treatment Korea) 15/4 and wastewater treatment Village Tree Enterprise, Africa 17/40 waterleaf see Talinum triangulare Villalba Fonte, Maria Josefa 15/35 watershed protection 17/10 104

Watkins, Charles 15/69 intellectual property rights 14/78 Waylen, Kerry 14/11 lokta paper 18/48 WAZA see World Association of Zoos and maple syrup 15/78 Aquariums maps 14/78; 15/78 WBFDC see West Bengal Forest Development medicinal plants 13/88 Corporation Ltd films 15/79 WCEH see World Congress on Environmental marketing 14/14 History Mediterranean forests 17/74 WCS see Wildlife Conservation Society Mekong region 13/89 weaver ants, Asian see Oecophylla smaragdina Mesoamerican Biological Corridor 16/79 weaving (Afghanistan) 16/42; (Pacific Islands) Millennium Development Goals 15/9 16/9,10,bc Moringa spp. 17/46 web resources multi-lingual dictionaries 14/78 agrobiodiversity 15/78 natural products workshops 15/78 agroforestry, ecological 18/66(S) nature-based entrepreneurship (Finland) Amazonia 13/89(S) 14/15; 15/21 America’s national forests 13/88 noni 16/14 answers.com 13/88 NWFP certification 15/22 aromatic plants NWFP home page 16/78; 17/74; 18/66 marketing 14/14 NWFPs (Scotland, UK) 13/89 bamboo buildings 14/4 pinyon nut harvesting 16/35 bibliographies on NWFPs 16/78; 17/74 postage stamps 14/42 biodiversity (Nicaragua) 15/78 rain forests 13/89; 16/79 biodiversity hotspots 13/88 rural associations (Georgia) 18/66 biodiversity indicators 16/64 soap-making (Syrian Arab Republic) 16/79 birds (Nicaragua) 15/78 South African wine 14/28 careers, academic/research 13/88 species distribution maps 18/66 chestnuts 13/88 St Barbe Baker, Richard 13/89 climate change 14/78 sustainable livelihoods 18/66 cloud forests (Nicaragua) 15/78 traditional knowledge (Himalayan region) conservation (Pacific Islands) 16/7 18/66 COST Action E30 13/88 urban and peri-urban forestry 17/74 Darwin, Charles 17/74 venerable trees 13/89(F) Earth size relative to other planets 14/78 wild flowers (USA) 14/78 EcoEarth.info 14/16,78 wild mushrooms 17/74 ecotourism 15/78; (Hungary) 13/89 wilderness survival 14/78 edible fruits 18/21,66 women and science 14/78 environment search indexes 14/78 see also databases; images and webcams environmental sustainability 13/88 web sites etymology 14/78 African medicine 13/73 extinction prevention 14/78 African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) 13/67,88 fair trade 15/78 African Women’s Development Fund FAO facts and figures 13/88 (AWDF) FAO forestry strategies 17/63 Agenda Forestal Hondureña 15/37(S) ferns (USA) 14/78 AGORA 14/78 food comparisons, global 17/74 Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) 14/78 food security 17/74 Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme Right to Food 15/78; 16/65 (ASB) 14/72; 15/8,27 forestry 17/74; (Africa) 16/79; (Costa Rica) Amazon Conservation Team (ACT) 14/78; 15/78(S); (Finland) 14/78; 15/78; (Nepal) 15/78 18/66 Answers.com 16/16 forests (Finland) 14/78; 15/78; (Madagascar) Armenia Tree Project (ATP) 16/43 13/89; (Papua New Guinea) 15/78 Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture law enforcement 14/78 and Bioresources (ANSAB) 18/13 mapping 16/79 Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) funding for sustainable forest management 14/78 13/20-1; 14/79 Asociación Latinoamericana de Botánica herbs, India 13/89 (ALB) 13/78 honey 13/89; (USA) 18/25 Asociación Pinolere Proyecto Cultural 14/69; human footprint 13/89 16/15 hunting (Germany) 18/12 Association internationale forêts insects (India) 13/89 Méditerranéennes (AIFM) 14/67; 17/74 edible insects 16/79; 17/74 Baltic21 13/68 105

Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee Essential Oils, International Symposium (BRAC) Afghanistan 16/42; 18/37 on (38th; Graz, 2007) 16/69 Bees for Development 16/4 Food Security, World (Rome, 2008) Berry Doctor 15/23 17/63,66 Biodiversity Assessment Tools Project 16/78 Forest and Woodland History Biodiversity Indicator Partnership (2010) (Thessaloniki, 2007) 15/69 16/64 Forestry in the Twenty-First Century, BirdLife International 15/72 Global Vision of (Toronto, 2007) 15/70 Boreal Centre for Conservation Enterprise, IUFRO Conference on Gender and Canada 17/19 Forestry (Dehra Dun, 2008) 18/61 Botanic Gardens Conservation International IUFRO European Congress 2007 14/69 (BGCI) 14/11,75; 17/28 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Global Botanical.com 13/56; 14/23,74 Summit on (GOSMAP) (3rd; Chiang Mai, Bougainvillea Extractos Naturales 16/49(S); 2007) 15/71 18/32(S) Medicinal Mushroom Conference, Buy BC Wild 18/41 International (4th; Ljubljana, 2007) 15/70 Call of the Earth 15/14 Ministerial Conference on the Protection Caravan 14/16 of Forests in Europe (Florence, 2006) Care for the Wild International 15/41,72 15/73 Center for International Earth Science Provoking Change (Santa Cruz de la Information Network (CIESIN) 13/89 Sierra, 2008) 17/68 Center for International Forestry Research Science, Policy and the Environment, (CIFOR) 14/71; 15/74; 16/53,62 National Conference on (9th; Centre d’expertise sur les produits Washington, DC, 2008) 18/61 agroforestiers (CEPAF) 14/42 Sharing Indigenous Wisdom (Green Bay, Centre for Indian Bamboo Resource and 2007) 15/68 Technology (CIBART) 14/67; 15/21 Shea 2009 (Ouagadougou, 2009) 18/62 Centre for Minor Forest Products for Rural Tradition to Technology Conference Development and Environmental (Saskatoon, 2007) 15/68 Conservation (COMFORPTS), India 15/19,49 Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine, Centre de recherche et de développement Regional Scientific Conference on (1st; technologique agricole de l’Outaouais 18/67 Amman, 2007) 15/69 Centre de recherche pour la gestion de la Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests biodiversité et du terroir (CERGET) under Global Change (Bali, 2008) 17/68 18/20(F),67 Underutilized Plants for Food, Nutrition, Centre for Research, Planning and Action Income and Sustainable Development (CERPA) 13/88 (Arusha, 2008) 15/71; 16/72 Centro Agronomico Tropical de World Forestry Congress (WFC) (XIII; Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE) 14/66 Buenos Aires, 2009) 16/72; 17/74; 18/60 Centro de ecología humana, Brazil 15/7 Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP) ChinAfrica 15/47 15/23(F) Climate Ark 14/78 Connecticut Botanical Society 14/78 Coalition for Rainforest Nations 16/62 Conservation International (CI) 14/59 Coir Board of India 15/78 Consultative Group on International Commercial Products from the Wild Agricultural Research (CGIAR) 14/72; (CPWild) 13/32,88 15/8,74; 16/53,62 Commonwealth Forestry Association (CFA) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 16/72 18/11 conferences and summits Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) Adaptation of Forests and Forest 17/36 Management to Changing Climate Countdown 2010 15/62 (Umeå, 2008) 17/68 Cropwatch 16/78 Biodiversity (Trondheim, 2007) 16/70 Cultivated Agarwood Ltd 18/61 Biodiversity and the Sustainable David Lubin Memorial Library, FAO 17/64 Management of Natural Resources Domestication and Development of Baobab (Kigali, 2007) 15/69 and Tamarind (DADOBAT) project 17/64 Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Dovetail Partners, Inc. 15/76 Americas (Panama, 2008) 16/72 Earthprint 13/84; 18/65 Commonwealth Forestry Conference Earthscan (publishers) 13/79 (18th; Edinburgh, 2010) 16/72 Earthwatch Institute International 14/16 Environmental History, World Congress Ecology and Society 15/76; 16/24 on (WCEH) (1st; Copenhagen, 2009) EcoPort Foundation (EPF) 13/56; 14/23; 18/66 17/68 El Puente/The Bridge, Costa Rica 18/20 106

Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 17/74 Institute for Culture and Ecology (IFCAE) Environmental Change Institute, UK 13/83; 15/22,33; 16/35; 18/4,20,64 17/52(S) Instituto de Investigación de la Biología de Equilibrium Fund, The (TEF) 16/36; 18/33 las Cordilleras Orientales (INIBICO) 13/31 European Academy (EURAC) 14/78 Integrated Taxonomic Information System European Forest Institute (EFI) 16/79 (ITIS) 18/25 European Forest Week (2008) 18/61 International Alliance against Hunger FAO (IAAH) 13/89 AskFAO 13/88 International Centre for Integrated Committee on Forestry (COFO) Sessions Mountain Development (ICIMOD) 18/66 (17th) 13/80; (18th) 15/64 International Centre for Underutilised Crops Non-Wood Forest Products Programme (ICUC) 15/71; 16/72; 17/52 16/78; 17/74; 18/4,66 International Council for Medicinal and Regional Office for Africa 15/40 Aromatic Plants (ICMAP) 17/68 Right to Food (RtF) 15/78; 16/65 International Ecotourism Society (TIES) Special Programme for Food Security 15/68,78 17/74 International Federation of Organic Federal Office for the Environment, Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) 13/77 Switzerland 13/7(F) International Institute for Environment and Finnish Nature-based Entrepreneurship Development (IIED) 15/9 Association 15/21 International Kava Executive Council (IKEC) Flora Celtica 13/89 16/11 floraweb 13/41; 14/74; 15/32,74 International Network for Bamboo and Fondazione Italiana Medici per l’Africa Rattan (INBAR) 13/69,77; 14/3,5,67; 15/47,79; (FIMA ONLUS) 13/40 16/67 Forbes Wild Foods 18/7 International Resources Group (IRG) 14/67 ForCons Co. 13/89 International Standard for Sustainable Wild Forest Harvest, Scotland 15/34 Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) (ISSC-MAP) 13/41; 14/74; 15/32,74; 18/19 13/74 International Trade Center 15/78 ForestERA 17/74 International Tropical Timber Organization ForestHarvest 16/78 (ITTO) 13/50,53,57; 15/70,78; 16/78 Forestry and Agroforestry Promoters (FAP) International Union of Forestry Research 18/40 Organizations (IUFRO) 16/70 Forestry Funding News 14/79 International Work Group for Indigenous Forestry Research 14/56,57 Affairs (IWGIA) 16/68 Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13/22; 17/18 International Year of Forests (2011) 15/65 FRAMEweb 14/67; 15/78 International Year of Natural Fibres (2009) Fundación Desarrollo Sostenible 15/66 Comunitario, Inc. (FUNDESCO), Dominican IPDEV 14/78 Republic 17/66(S) Isle Botanica 15/35 Fundación Zoobreviven, Ecuador 15/21 IUCN 13/4,74 GCP/RAF/398/GER project 16/67; 18/60 Jagriti 15/17 GCP/RAF/408/EC project 16/66,67; 18/60 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (JMPR) Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan 17/38 17/18 Geocities 14/74,78 Khadi and Village Industries Commission of Global Biodiversity Information Facility India 15/78; 16/78 (GBIF) 16/78 Lady Forester 14/78 Global Ecotourism Conference (Oslo, 2007) Lake Victoria Environmental Management 15/68 Project (LVEMP) 13/35 Global Facilitation Unit (GFU) for Laurapel soaps 16/79 Underutilized Species 14/65 Learning for Sustainability (LfS) 16/78-9 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Leonard, David Bruce 18/22 Systems (GIAHS) 18/5 London wildweb 13/89 GRAIN 14/15(S) MacArthur Foundation 14/17 Green Corridor Project, Viet Nam 16/79 Medicine at your Feet 18/21,64 HerbalGram 18/19 Meridian Institute, USA 17/65 Herbalists Without Borders 13/78; 17/12 Ministerio del Ambiente, Ecuador 13/54(S) Herbs from Nature 13/89 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway 15/73 Indian Institute of Forest Management Mongabay 16/79 (IIFM) Mundo Forestal, Costa Rica 14/42; 15/78(S) INFOR Inc., Canada 18/41 National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE), USA 18/62 107

National Forest Strategy Coalition (NFSC), Tourism Cares for Tomorrow 17/19 Canada 13/83 Traditional Tree Initiative, Pacific Islands National Geographic 14/78 15/35 National Honey Board, USA 18/25 TRAFFIC 13/12; 16/39,61 National Institute of Science Training Centre for Tropical Resources and Communication and Information Resources Ecosystems Sustainability (TREES), (NISCAIR), India 14/11 Philippines 13/78; 14/69 Natura (India) 14/15 TREE AID 13/28; 17/40 Natural Inquirer 17/73 Trees for Life 16/23 Nature & Faune Magazine 15/39-40 Trees for Life Journal 16/23 Nature Network 15/78(w) Tropical Forestry Services (TFS) Ltd, Nepal Foresters’ Association 18/66 Australia 16/43; 17/66 Nepenthes 13/59 Unasylva 16/66 New Agriculturalist 17/20 Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) 15/67 News-Medical.net 14/25 United Nations Development Programme North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea (UNDP) 15/9 Management Alliance (NAILSMA) 14/78 United Nations Environment Programme Northern Forest Diversification Centre (UNEP) 13/85; 14/14 (NFDC), Canada 14/41 United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) Northern Nut Growers Association (NNGA), 14/78 USA 13/89; 16/35 United Nations Permanent Forum on Norwegian Centre for International Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) 16/68 Cooperation in Higher Education 17/30 United Plant Savers 13/28 NTFP Exchange Programme for South and universities Southeast Asia 15/24,26; 16/27; 18/45 Cambridge, UK 14/26 NWFP-Digest-L 16/78; 17/74 Columbia, USA 13/89 Online Access to Research in the Fort Valley State, USA 14/68 Environment (OARE) 15/78 Freiburg, Germany 14/16; 17/68 OrganicLink 15/78 Hawai’i at Manoa,USA 16/10 Oudhia, Pankaj 18/64 Helsinki, Finland 14/15 Ouro Verde Amazônia 17/33 Imperial College London, UK 14/17; 17/44 Overseas Development Institute (ODI), UK Joensuu, Finland 13/81,88; 14/74; 15/75 14/73; 15/77 Karadeniz, Turkey 14/67 Pacific Regional Environment Programme Kent, UK 14/25,70 (SPREP) 16/7,70 Los Baños, Philippines 14/69 Participatory Natural Resource Management Loughborough,UK 13/23 (PNRM) 13/89 Maryland Biotechnology Institute, USA PhytoTrade Africa 13/13 13/65 Poverty and Conservation Learning Group Munich 16/73 (PCLG) New Mexico State (NMSU), USA 17/58 Pragya, India 13/28 Oxford, UK 14/53; 17/52 Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Pennsylvania State (PennState), USA Certification schemes (PEFC) 15/22 15/33,78 Proyecto Cultural Pinolere 18/62 Pretoria, South Africa 17/68 Pure Mountain Honey 18/25 Royal Roads, Canada 18/5,9 Rain Forest Silk Cooperative 15/23 Toronto, Canada 14/70 Rainforest Alliance 13/36; 15/48 Yale, USA 13/75 Rainforest Conservation Fund 17/52 US Forest Service 13/83,84,89; 14/78; 15/75; RECOFORME project 14/67 18/62,64 Reforestamos México A.C. 18/47 Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, Finland Reforesting Scotland 17/19 17/57 Regional Community Forestry Training Volunteers for Africa 15/52 Center for Asia and the Pacific (RECOFTC) Waldbau Institute, Germany 17/68 15/69 web-africa 13/37 Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) 14/20 West Africa Trade Hub 18/62 Roundtable for Nature Conservation, Pacific Wikiwords 14/78 Islands 16/7,70 Wild Resources Limited 13/32,89 Sacred Earth Travel 15/78 Women’s Global Green Action Network Sierra Madre Alliance 15/37 (WGGAN) 14/20 SITA Trust 15/40 Women’s International Coalition Smithsonian National Zoological Park, USA Organization (WICO) 14/20 16/10 WordOrigins 14/78 Taiga Rescue Network (TRN) 13/19 World Bank 13/81; 15/9 108

World Conservation Monitoring Centre Wikiwords 14/78(w) (WCMC), UK 14/14 WILD, Germany 18/12 World Forest Institute 17/18 Wild Aromatic, Culinary and Medicinal Plants World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 13/41; [of Egypt], Workshop on (Cairo, 2007) 16/49 15/78 wild collecting see harvesting of NWFPs Zoological Society of London (ZSL) 17/44 wild flowers (USA) 14/78(w) Webb, Carl 18/25 Wild Harvests in Scotland, The Future for Webb, Virginia 18/25 (Beauly, 2006) 13/77 webcams Wild Harvests from Scottish Woodlands project Buenaventura Reserve, Ecuador 17/74 14/56,72 Webster, Sarah 15/68 wild mint see Mentha arvensis Wedderspoon Organic 15/26 Wild Resources Limited 13/32(w),89(w) Weidinger, Rita 14/27 wilderness survival 14/78(w) Weigend, Maximilian 13/62 WildFinder database 14/78; 15/78 Weill Medical College, USA 14/25 wildlife (Africa) 16/40; (Argentina) 15/72; Wel Energy Trust 14/49 (Nepal) 17/70 Welford, L.A. 13/13 in bamboo habitats 16/29 well-being see human well-being conservation 18/65 Wellington School of Medicine & Health databases 14/78; 15/78 Science, New Zealand 13/42 depletion WEN see Wildlife Enforcement Network and bushmeat trade 14/25-6 Weng-Chuen, Woon 16/64 and oak decline 17/71 wengue see Millettia laurentii and oil-palm plantations 18/57 West Africa Trade Hub 18/62(w) see also under species names West Bengal Forest Development Corporation Wildlife Conference, International (Rome, 2008) Ltd (WBFDC) 14/45 18/10 West of England, University of the, UK 18/29 Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) 13/20; West Eugene Wetlands Partnership 18/3 14/26,73; 18/10,13 West Hungary, University of, Hungary 13/81 Wildlife Enforcement Network (WEN) 13/33; West Virginia University, USA 13/6,65 16/40 Western Cape, University of the, South Africa wildlife farming 14/73 16/58 butterflies 14/43(S); 15/29; 16/29-30; 18/17-18 western gorilla see Gorilla gorilla grasscutters 14/27,44 Western Highlands Nature Conservation snails 15/45 Network (WHINCONET), Cameroon 16/47 wildlife hunting 13/84; 15/74; 16/75; (Amazonia) western juniper see Juniperus occidentalis 15/75; (Asia) 16/73; (Cameroon) 15/41; (Central Western Ontario, University of, Canada 15/58; Africa) 15/72; (French Guiana) 13/80; (Germany) 17/25 18/12; (Indonesia) 17/72; (Kenya) 13/57; western red cedar see Thuja plicata (Mozambique) 16/74; (Peru) 17/71; (United Western Sydney, University of, Australia 15/20 Republic of Tanzania) 14/74; (USA) 13/64; 15/41- Westerveld, Sean 18/31 2; 16/75; (Zimbabwe) 15/39 Westpac 2005 Businesswoman of the Year poaching 13/57; 15/39 Awards 13/55 social/cultural values 18/12 Weth, Christian 18/55 see also bushmeat Wetland Friends of Nepal 17/70 ‘wildlife Interpol’ 13/33 WFC see World Forestry Congress wildlife management 15/41; 17/71; (Bangladesh) WFES see World Future Energy Summit 18/39 WFI see World Forest Institute historical perspectives 17/70 WFSE see World Forests, Society and sustainable management 15/39-40 Environment wildlife populations WGGAN see Women’s Global Green Action recovery from overhunting 15/41 Network wildlife projects WHINCONET see Western Highlands Nature and biodiversity loss 16/39 Conservation Network and EU 16/73; 17/70 Whistler, W. Arthur 15/35 funding 15/40 whistling thorn acacia see Acacia drepanolobium wildlife trade 14/71; 15/72; (China) 18/65 White, Andy 16/63 values 16/39 Whiteman, Adrian 14/47,61 wildlife trade, illegal 13/33; (Africa) 14/27; 18/10; Whiten, Reg 17/19; 18/7,9 (Asia) 16/40; (Bolivia) 18/64; (China) 14/26,27; WHO see World Health Organization 16/40; 18/11-12; (Europe) 14/27; (India) 14/20; WICO see Women’s International Coalition (Indonesia) 14/26; (Lao Peoples Democratic Organization Republic) 16/40; 18/12; (Myanmar) 16/40; WIJMA 18/56 109

(Nicaragua) 14/50(S); (Singapore) 14/20; (UK) Women’s Association for Natural Medicinal 18/10; (USA) 14/27; (Viet Nam) 16/40; 18/11-12 Therapy (WAINIMATE), Fiji 16/7 and biodiversity 18/11-12 Women’s Global Green Action Network and internet sales 17/36 (WGGAN) 14/19,20(w) poison frogs 13/31 Women’s International Coalition Organization and traditional medicine 14/26; 16/40,61; (WICO) 14/19,20(w) 18/12 Wong, Jenny 13/32 Wilkie, Mette Løche 13/86 Wood, Rebecca 14/34 Willamette Valley, USA wood spider see Harpagophytum procumbens ecological restoration 18/3-4 woodcarving trade 13/79 Wilson, Frank 18/38 Woods, John 13/58 Wilson, Tom 14/21 Woodwardia unigemmata 16/20 Winder, Richard 13/4 wool (Afghanistan) 16/41,42 wine industry Wootton, Kathleen 13/52 and cork forests 13/36; 14/27-8 Working Group on Indigenous Issues, FAO wines, wild fruit 14/56 17/63 Winkler, Sebastian 15/63 Working Group on Indigenous Minorities in Winrock International 14/48 Southern Africa 18/48 WIPO see World Intellectual Property World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 13/21,22,34; Organization 14/72; 15/65; 17/20,64 Wiremu Puke 14/49 see also International Centre for Research in Withania spp. Agroforestry W. coagulens (paneer bandh) 17/50 World Association of Zoos and Aquariums W. somnifera 14/37,51 (WAZA) 18/10 WOCMAP see World Congress on Medicinal World Bank 13/67,81(w),90; 14/48,50(S);59,60; and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare 15/47,62(S); 16/41,79; 17/9,14(F); 18/17,20,52,53 wolfberry (plant) see Lycium barbarum Development Indicators database 15/9(w) Wolfhagen, Julian 14/36 Development Marketplace Grant 13/31 Wolk, Bruce 18/25 World Biodiversity Day 14/10 women World Conference of Bryology (Kuala Lumpur, and biopiracy prevention (South Africa) 13/15 2007) 16/22 empowerment 15/16-18; 18/40 World Congress of Agroforestry (1st; Orlando; and MDGs 15/10,12 2004) 13/22; (2nd; Nairobi, 2009) 18/62 and forest conservation 13/87 World Congress on Environmental History income-generation from NWFPs (Burkina (WCEH) (1st; Copenhagen, 2009) 17/68(w) Faso) 14/40(F); 15/18; 17/40; (El Salvador) World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic 16/35,36; 17/32-3; (Fiji) 16/8; (Guatemala) Plants for Human Welfare (WOCMAP) (III; 16/35; 17/32-3; (Honduras) 15/36-7,bc; 16/35- Chiang Mai, 2003) 13/85; (IV; Cape Town, 2008) 6; 17/32-3; (India) 18/15; (Israel) 15/16-17; 17/68 (Mexico) 16/35,36; 17/32-3; (Nicaragua) World Conservation Congress (Barcelona, 2008) 14/49(S); 16/35; 17/32-3; (Nigeria) 15/74; 18/19,57 (Russian Federation) 17/54; (South Africa) World Conservation Monitoring Centre 14/53; (United Republic of Tanzania) 16/24-5; (WCMC), UK 14/13,14(w),73; 16/55,73 17/58 World Conservation Union see IUCN bark paper 13/54-5; 15/52 World Food Day 2007 16/65 fruit/nut oils (India) 15/17 World Food Programme (WFP) 17/1 fruit-processing 17/58 World Food Security, High-Level Conference Maya nuts 16/35-6; 17/32-3; 18/33 on: The Challenges of Climate Change and medicinal plants 18/15 Bioenergy (Rome, 2008) 17/1,8,63(w),66(w) Mexican oregano 18/46-7(S) World Food Summit: five years later (Rome, pau-rosa (rosewood) oil 13/10 2002) 16/65 pine needle handicrafts 14/49(S); 15/36- World Forest Institute (WFI) 17/18(w) 7,bc World Forest Week (Rome, 2009) 18/58,62 raffia weaving 16/24-5 World Forestry Centre 17/18 shea butter 13/10; 14/40(F); 15/18; 17/34- World Forestry Congress (WFC) (XII; Quebec, 5,46; 18/34-5 2003) 18/60; (XIII; Buenos Aires, 2009) 16/72(w); skin care 15/16-17 17/74(w); 18/60(w),62 tapa art 16/8 World Forests, Society and Environment poverty alleviation 18/63; (North (WFSE) Project 13/81,83 Africa/Sahel) 16/55(F); 17/14-15(F); 18/22(F) World Future Energy Summit (WFES) (1st; Abu and science 14/78 Dhabi, 2009) 17/22 Women Empowerment Centre, Cameroon 18/40 110

World Health Organization (OMS; WHO) by USA 15/48; 16/55 13/10,15,40; 14/44; 15/6(S),10,31; 16/11,18,20,32; Xhosa, South Africa 14/8; 15/72 17/30,54,72 Xylopia aethiopica (Guinea pepper) 18/49 World Heritage Committee Sessions (30th; Vilnius, 2006) 14/59 Y World Heritage Sites yacón see Smallanthus sonchifolius Central Sikhote-Alin, Russia Federation Yadav, Anand K. 14/68 15/55 Yagua, Peru 18/34 Lake Baikal, Russian Federation 15/55 Yale University, USA 13/75(w),81(w); 15/78; 16/42 Sichuan Giant Panda Sancturies, China Yaméogo, Rigobert 14/40 14/59-60 Yanchur, Ekaterina 17/54 Sundarbans National Park, India 14/45 Yarmak, Andriy 17/56 World Intellectual Property Organization yartsa goenbub see Cordyceps sinensis (OMPI; WIPO) 14/10; 15/14(S) Ybycuí National Park, Paraguay 15/54(S) World Organic Trade Fair see Biofach Year of the Gorilla (2009) 18/10 World Rainforest Movement 13/87; 14/71 years, themed World Resources Institute (WRI) 13/51; 15/62(S) 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development Ecotourism 15/68 (WSSD) (Johannesburg, 2002) 15/23(F) 2009 World Trade Organization (WTO) 13/11; 15/11; Gorillas 18/10 17/37; 18/15 Natural Fibres 15/66(w); 18/60 World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) 15/71 2011 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Forests 15/65(w) 13/20,60,71(F); 14/27,28,30,48,59,75; yellow fever epidemiology 17/23 15/6(S),31,39,43,62(S),78(w); 16/30,76,79; yerba del manso see Anemopsis californica 17/36,43; 18/10,27,28,56,65(F) yerba mate 17/16 WWF Brazil 15/63 exports WWF Cambodia 16/46; 17/6 from Brazil 15/5 WWF Cameroon 15/45 yerba mate (tree) see Ilex paraguariensis WWF Central Africa Regional Programme Yewhalaw, Delenasaw 17/44 Office (CARPO) 14/60; 18/56 Yidana, Joshua Adam 14/44 WWF Coastal Forests Program (CFP) 15/45 Yilmaz, Bahri 17/6 WWF Germany 13/41(w); 15/32; 17/27; 18/19 Yineger, Haile 17/44 WWF Global Forest and Trade Network yoco see Paullinia yoco (GFTN) 18/56 YoG see Year of the Gorilla 2009 WWF Global Species Programme 14/75 Yoge, Camilo 18/41,42 WWF Greater Mekong Programme 16/46 yohimbe see Pausinystalia spp. WWF Mediterranean Programme (MedPO) Yoruba, Nigeria 15/11 14/67 Yupik, USA 15/60 WWF Netherlands 17/70 Yuqui, Bolivia 17/38-9(S) WWF USA 18/66 Yuriev, Vladimir 17/54 World Wildlife Fund see World Wide Fund for Yussof, Mahmud 15/44 Nature (WWF) World’s Forests, State of the see State of the Z World’s Forests (SOFO) Zaffar, Mohammed 18/15 wormwood see Artemisia spp. zambarau see Syzygium guineense WRI see World Resources Institute Zambia Wrightia tintoria 17/49 apiculture 14/58; 15/74; 16/61 WSSD see World Summit on Sustainable bushmeat trade 15/39 Development exports WTO see World Trade Organization beeswax 16/3 Wula Nafaa project, Senegal 15/78 honey 14/58; 16/3 Würzburg, University of, Germany 14/25 medicinal trees WWF see World Wide Fund for Nature sustainable bark harvesting 13/32 Nyika Plateau National Park 13/79 X Zambia Alliance for People and Environment xate (palm) see Chamaedorea spp. 14/58 xate palm fronds 15/48; (Belize) 16/73 Zamora-Santos, Aloisa 15/24,26; 16/27 exports Zea mays (maíz) 15/42(S) from Guatemala 15/48 zeen oak see Quercus faginea from Mexico 16/55 Zhou Jiehua 14/5 imports Zhu Zhaohua 14/67 by Canada 15/48 Zima see Zimbabwe Medical Association 111

Zimbabwe NWFPs enterprises 17/60-1,70 ecological monitoring 17/60-1,70 traditional knowledge 15/61 food security 15/61 wildlife hunting 15/39 Moringa oleifera cultivation 13/43,44 Zimbabwe, University of 15/61 NWFPs 15/61; 18/64 Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force 15/39 112 113

Index of titles

References consist of issue number/page number(s) with the following notation and fonts: Issue numbers: 13 (April 2006); 14 (January 2007); 15 (July 2007); 16 (January 2008); 17 (July 2008); 18 (January 2009) Language indicators: (F) French; (S) Spanish Pagination fonts: bold (title with description) Text fonts: italic (monograph title); roman (journal article)

A Assessment of non-timber forest products in Africa – atlas of our changing environment. 18/65 Phnom Kok community forest, Cambodia. Agaves del Occidente México: sistemática, 18/64 ecología, etnobotánica e importancia Assessment of the sustainability of bushmeat económica. 13/85(S) hunting based on dynamic bioeconomic Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity. models. 15/74 18/63 Atelier international sur le traitement, la Agronomic and economic aspects of walnut valorisation et le commerce de karité en agroforestry in the UK. 15/75 Afrique. Actes du séminaire. 13/80(F) Akashth van sampada: sampurna bahudrishtiya Atlas of endangered species (revised edition) sarvalokan (Hindi). (A forestry textbook on 13/83 non-timber forest resources.) 13/85 Ayurved ke chetra mein ped-paudhon ka dharmic Alteration of selection regime resulting from mahattav (Hindi), (religious or sacred value harvest of American ginseng, Panax of medicinal plants in Ayurveda). 13/85 quinquefolius. 16/75 Anthropogenic disturbances and plant B biodiversity in forests in Uttaranchal, central Bálsamo de El Salvador: tradición y alternativa Himalaya. 13/82 sostenible. 17/69(S) Applying the ecological footprint to ecotourism Bamboo and cane: potential of poor man’s timber scenarios. 14/72 for poverty alleviation and forest Approach to acorn production in Iberian conservation. 14/73 . 16/73 Basin-wide effects of harvest on vertebrate Are red-listed species threatened? A population densities in Amazonian forests: comparative analysis of red-listed and non- implications for animal mediated seed red-listed plant species in the Western dispersal. 16/75 Ghats, India. 13/79 Becoming unsustainable? Recent trends in the Arenaria curvifolia majumdar (Caryophyllaceae): formal sector of insect trading in Papua New an endangered and endemic Himalayan Guinea. 17/72 herb rediscovered. 17/72 Bee products 14/73 Argousier, une espèce pour l’industrie Bees and their role in forest livelihoods. A guide cosmétique (Sea buckthorn [Hippophae to the services provided by bees and the rhamnoides L.]), a species for the cosmetics sustainable harvesting, processing and industry. 16/75(F) marketing of their products. 17/73 Artificial forests as conservation sites for the Benefits and costs of illegal grazing and hunting native flora of the UAE. 13/80 in the Serengeti ecosystem. 14/74 Assessing forests at a landscape scale. 14/71 Berberine and its commercial sources in India. Assessing implications of land-use and land- 14/75 cover change dynamics for conservation of a Better forestry, less poverty: a practitioner’s highly diverse tropical rain forest. 17/70 guide. 15/73 Assessing local and urban native fruit markets in Beyond belief: linking faiths and protected areas Sylhet district, Bangladesh. 17/72 to support biodiversity conservation. 14/75 Assessing sustainability of nontimber forest Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and product extractions: how fire affects ecosystem services on degraded lands. 18/63 sustainability. 14/75 Beyond timber: certification of non-timber forest products. 14/75 114

Biocultural diversity: moving beyond the realm Bushmeat and the fate of trees with seeds of “indigenous” and “local” people. 15/72 dispersed by large primates in a lowland rain Biodiversity of Bitahai Nature Reserve in forest in western Amazonia. 16/75 Yunnan Province, China. 14/75 Bushmeat harvest alters seedling banks by Biodiversity characterization in Nubra Valley, favoring lianas, large seeds, and seeds Ladakh with special reference to plant dispersed by bats, birds and wind. 16/76 resource conservation and bioprospecting. Butterfly assemblages in a traditional 15/73 agricultural landscape: importance of Biodiversity in China’s mountains. 15/76 secondary forests for conserving diversity, Biodiversity conservation to benefit mountain life history specialists and endemics. 16/75 people. 13/81 Biodiversity conservation and Millennium C Development Goals (MDGs) in the Kyrgyz Can biodiversity conservation be reconciled Republic. 16/75 with development? 17/70 Biodiversity and conservation of plants in Brazil. Can a developing country like Chile invest in 13/81 biodiversity conservation? 17/69 Biodiversity and its conservation in the Can non-timber forest products solve livelihood Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem. 15/73 problems? A case study from Periyar Tiger Biodiversity of floodplain forests in Europe and Reserve, India. 18/63 eastern North America: a comparative study Capturing biodiversity: selecting priority areas of the Rhine and Mississippi Valleys. 13/85 for conservation using different criteria. Biodiversity and human livelihood crises in the 13/79 Malay archipeligo. 15/76 Carving out a future. Forests, livelihoods and the Biodiversity and land use change on the Causse international woodcarving trade. 13/79 Méjan, France. 15/75 Census of the commercial bushmeat market in Biodiversity and the law. Intellectual property, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 16/73 biotechnology & traditional knowledge. 15/74 Century of the ornamental plant trade and its Biodiversity: negotiating the border between impact on invasion success. 17/69 nature and culture. 17/69 Chamaedorea (xate) in the Greater Maya Biodiversity and poverty reduction: the Mountains and the Chiquibul Forest importance of ecosystem services. 16/73 Reserve, Belize: an economic assessment of a Biodiversity representation in Uganda’s forest non-timber forest product. 16/73 IBAs. 13/83 Champignons comestibles sauvages: Vue Biological conservation and global poverty. d’ensemble sur leurs utilisations et leur 18/63 importance pour les populations. 14/76(F) Biology and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba. 18/63 Changes in forest area in Africa 1990-2005. 14/72 Biopesticidal potential of neem against forest Characterization of tree-to-tree variation in insect pests. 18/64 morphological, nutritional and chemical Biopiracy of biodiversity – global exchange as properties of Canarium indicum nuts. 18/64 enclosure. 17/71 Chios mastic treatment of patients with active Black soybean: an ignored nutritious and Crohn’s disease. 15/73 medicinal food crop from the Kumaon Climate change and food security: a framework region of India. 14/74 document. 17/70 Boreal forest bounty: a botanical species resource Collection and marketing of non-timber forest guide for conservation enterprise products in the far western hills of Nepal. development. 17/69 15/72 Botanic gardens: using biodiversity to improve Combining organic and FSC certification of non- human well-being. 14/75 timber forest products. Reducing costs, Bridging livelihoods and forest conservation in increasing options. 15/76 protected areas: exploring the role and scope Commercial morel harvesters and buyers in of non-timber forest products. 17/71 western Montana: an exploratory study of the Brief history of biodiversity conservation in 2001 harvesting season. 13/83 Brazil. 13/83 Commercialisation of non-timber forest Broadening participation in biological products: a reality check. 16/73 monitoring: handbook for scientists and Commercialisation of non-timber forest managers. 15/75 products: what determines success? 14/74 Building on gender, agrobiodiversity and local Commercialising medicinal plants: a southern knowledge: a training manual. 17/73 African guide. 13/80; 14/71 Bush tucker, bush pets and bush threats: Commercialization of non-timber forest cooperative management of feral animals in products: factors influencing success. Australia’s Kakadu National Park. 13/84 Lessons learned from Mexico and Bolivia and Bushmeat: a disease risk worth taking to put policy implications for decision-makers. food on the table? 15/76 13/83; 14/73 115

Committed to development of non-timber forest Conservation of indigenous plants outside products (NTFPs)-oriented need based protected areas in Tororo District, eastern sustainable forest management. 18/63 Uganda. 17/70 Communities, livelihoods and natural resources – Conservation management of the mixed species action research and policy change in Asia. nontimber forest product of “moss” – are 14/75 they harvesting what we think they’re Community-based ecological monitoring. A harvesting? 17/71 manual for practitioners. 17/70 Conservation of plant diversity of forest for food Company-community non-timber forest security of tribal population. 15/74 product deals in the Brazilian Amazon: A Conservation priorities and population structure review of opportunities and problems. 15/74 of woody medicinal plants in an area of Company-community partnership for FSC- Caatinga vegetation (Pernambuco state, NE certified non-timber forest product Brazil). 17/69 harvesting in Brazilian Amazonia: Conservation significance of the proposed requirements for sustainable exploitation. Mbaéré-Bodingué national park, Central 16/73 African Republic, with special emphasis on Comparative analysis of goldenseal (Hydrastis its primate community. 13/79 canadensis L.) population regrowth of wild medicinal plants in following human harvest: implications for Satpura plateau of Madhya Pradesh. I. Abrus conservation. 15/72 precatorius L., Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd, Comparing conservation priorities for useful Acacia concinna (Willd) DC, plants among botanists and Tibetan doctors. Acanthospermum hispidum DC and 16/74 Achyranthes aspera L. 15/72 Comparison of cultivation and wild collection of Conservation and use of wildlife-based resources: medicinal and aromatic plants under the bushmeat crisis. 17/71 sustainability aspects. 14/74; 15/76 Conservation and utilisation of Abies Comparison of potential non-timber forest guatemalensis Rehder (Pinaceae) – an products in intensively managed young endangered endemic conifer in Central stands and mature/old growth forests in America. 15/72 south-central British Columbia. 18/63 Conservation through utilization: a case study of Conceptualizing multiple nontimber forest the vulnerable Abies guatemalensis in product harvest and harvesting motivations Guatemala. 18/63 among balsam bough pickers in northern Conserving Africa’s rain forests: problems in Minnesota. 18/65 protected areas and possible solutions. 13/85 Conflicts between humans over wildlife Conserving biodiversity efficiently: what to do, management: on the diversity of stakeholder where and when. 17/72 attitudes and implications for conflict Conserving the Himalayan forests: approaches management. 17/71 and implications of different conservation Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity regimes. 17/71 in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius): Conserving and valuing ecosystem services and a simulation study. 13/79 biodiversity economic, institutional and Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples social challenges. 18/64 of the Amazon. 13/85 Conserving what and for whom? Why Conservation of biocultural diversity: the role of conservation should help meet basic human medicinal plants in Xhosa culture. 15/72 needs in the tropics. 17/71 Conservation and biodiversity banking. A guide Contrasts in availability and consumption of to setting up and running biodiversity credit animal protein in Bioko Island, West Africa: trading systems. 17/69 the role of bushmeat. 14/71 Conservation in conflict: the impact of the Contribución a la fenología de especies forestales Maoist-government conflict on conservation nativas andinas de Bolivia y Ecuador. and biodiversity in Nepal. 13/83 14/74(S) Conservation, cultivation and sustainable use of Contribution of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruit MAPs. Proceedings of WOCMAP III. The and fruit products to rural livelihoods in the Third World Congress on Medicinal and Bushbuckridge district, South Africa: Aromatic Plants. 13/85 balancing domestic needs and Conservation and development in the commercialisation. 14/74 Amazonian extractive reserves: the case of Contribution of tropical secondary forest Alto Juruá. 13/84 fragments to the conservation of fruit- Conservation and documentation of the feeding butterflies: effects of isolation and medicinal plant resources of India. 15/72 age. 14/75 Conservation in India and the need to think Correspondence between scientific and beyond “tiger vs tribal”. 17/72 traditional ecological knowledge: rain forest 116

classification by the non-indigenous management inventories: the case of Greece. ribereños in the Peruvian Amazonia. 16/74 14/72 COST E30. Economic integration of urban Diccionario forestal. 13/87(S) consumers’ demand and rural forestry Digitalis cultivation in India which could not be production. Forest sector entrepreneurship in established with especial reference to Europe: country studies. 13/81 Kashmir and Kumaon. 16/75 Cost of postponing biodiversity conservation in Disappearing forests and biodiversity loss: Mexico. 16/74 which areas should we protect? 15/72; 17/69 Costa Rica’s payment for environmental services Discrepancies in reported levels of international program: intention, implementation and wildlife trade. 14/71 impact. 17/72 Distribution, abundance and utilization of wild Could risk of disease change bushmeat- berries by the Gwich’in people in the butchering behaviour? 15/74 Mackenzie River Delta region. 14/73 Country case studies on review of forest Distribution of three endangered medicinal rehabilitation initiatives: lessons from the plant species and their colonization with past. 15/74 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 14/74 Cross-sectoral toolkit for the conservation and Diversity of palm uses in the western Amazon. sustainable management of forest 17/72 biodiversity. 17/72 Diversity of plants in cocoa agroforests in the Cultivation of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia): a humid forest zone of Southern Cameroon. tree planting programme in the Peruvian 16/75 Amazon. 13/83 Do bushmeat consumers have other fish to fry? Cultivation of non-timber forest products alters 13/84 understory light availability in a humid Do farmers reduce genetic diversity when they tropical forest in Mexico. 14/75; 15/76 domesticate tropical trees? A case study Cultivation of rare endangered plants: a from Amazonia. 13/81 different approach. 13/79 Does commercialization of a non-timber forest Cultivo, conservación e industrialización del product reduce ecological impact? A case “Hombre Grande” (Quassia amara). 15/75(S) study of the critically endangered Aquilaria Cultural heritage and sustainable forest crassna in Lao PDR. 18/64 management: the role of traditional Does the width of isolated ravine forests knowledge. Proceedings of the Conference 8- influence moss and liverwort diversity and 11 June 2006, Florence, Italy. Vols 1 and 2. composition? A study of temperate forests in 15/73 South Africa. 16/74 Curcuma longa (turmeric): a of great Domesticating indigenous fruit trees as a therapeutic value tested with the times. contribution to poverty reduction. 13/85 16/75 Domestication potential and marketing of Current status, distribution and conservation of Canarium indicum nuts in the Pacific: 1. A rare and endangered medicinal plants of literature review. 18/64 Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Domestication potential and marketing of Himalayas, India. 17/72 Canarium indicum nuts in the Pacific: commercialization and market D development. 18/63 Data on wildlife trade. 14/71; 15/72 Domestication potential and marketing of Declining abundance of American ginseng Canarium indicum nuts in the Pacific: (Panax quinquefolius L.) documented by producer and consumer surveys in Papua herbarium specimens. 16/73 New Guinea (East New Britain) 18/64 Demand for rubber is causing the loss of high Drosera indica L. and D. burmanii Vahl., diversity rain forest in SW China. 16/74 medicinally important insectivorous plants Desarrollo de pequeñas y medianas empresas in Andhra Pradesh – regional threats and forestales para la reducción de la pobreza. conservation. 15/73 Oportunidades y desafíos en mercados Dry sex in Suriname. 17/69 globalizantes. 17/69(S) Desk-based review of the treatment of indigenous E peoples and social issues in large and Early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of medium-sized GEF biodiversity projects grasslands in Ireland. 18/63 (2005-2006). 16/76 Earthscan reader in forestry and development. Determinants of urban bushmeat consumption 13/85 in Río Muni, Equatorial Guinea. 14/71 Ecological and anthropogenic niches of sal Developing markets for agrobiodiversity. 16/74 (Shorea robusta Gaertn, f.) forest and Development of an inventory system for non- prospects for multiple-product forest timber functions of forests in the frame of management. 14/72 117

Ecology and management of morels harvested Evaluating forest management in Nepal: views from the forests of western North America. across space and time. 13/83 15/75 Evaluation of the contribution of cultivated Economic analyses to aid nature conservation allspice (Pimenta dioca) to vertebrate decision-making. 13/79 biodiversity conservation in Nicaragua. Economic and conservation significance of the 16/74 trophy hunting industry in sub-Saharan Evidence for post-depletion sustainability in a Africa. 16/75 mature bushmeat market. 14/71 Economic valuation of non-marketed wild Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation edible plants in Thailand. 14/71 parks and game ranches to transfrontier Economic valuation of non-timber forest conservation areas. 18/65 products (NTFPs). 16/73 Exploiting the potential of indigenous fruit Economics of biodiversity conservation. trees: Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori in Sudan. Valuation in Tropical Forest Ecosystems. 17/70 15/75 Exploring Sri Lanka’s biodiversity. 13/83 Edge effects on palm diversity in rain forest Extent, distribution and fragmentation of fragments in western Ecuador. 17/69 vanishing montane cloud foret in the Edible non-timber forest products: harmonising Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. 14/71 FSC and IFOAM certification. 15/72 Effects of the expansion by Hippophae F rhamnoides on plant species richness in FAO Committee on Forestry, Seventeenth Session coastal dunes. 16/74 – Report. 13/80 Effects of single and recurrent wildfires on fruit FAO NWFP Series: production and large vertebrate abundance No. 17. Champignons comestibles sauvages: vue in a central Amazonian forest. 14/71 d’ensemble sur leurs utilisations et leur Effects of understory bamboo on broad-scale importance pour les populations. 14/76(F) estimates of giant panda habitat. 13/82 No. 17. Los hongos silvestres comestibles: Efficiency of payments for environmental perspectiva global de su uso e importancia services in tropical conservation. 16/76 para le población. 13/85(S) Emerging forest associations in Yunnan, China: No. 18. World bamboo resources. A thematic implications for livelihoods and study prepared in the framework of the sustainability. 14/75 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Endangered Chamaedorea species (Aracaceae) 16/76 from southeastern Mexico, with notes on No. 19. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods. A conservation status, habitat and guide to the services provided by bees and the distribution. 17/70 sustainable harvesting, processing and Entomofagia Alimentación con insectos. 16/75(S) marketing of their products. 17/73 Entrepreneurship in value chains of non-timber FAO NWFP Working Documents: forest products. 15/76 No. 2. Index of Non-Wood News Issues 1-6. 14/77 Environmentality: community, intimate No. 3. Index of Non-Wood News Issues 7-12. government and the making of 14/77 environmental subjects in Kumaon, India. No. 4. Les perspectives de la certification des 13/79 produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique Escaping poverty’s grasp. The environmental Centrale. 16/77(F) foundations of poverty reduction. 14/74 No. 5. Gestion des ressources naturelles Essential oil from the leaves of Cryptomeria fournissant les produits forestiers non japonica acts as a silverfish (Lepisma ligneux alimentaires en Afrique Centrale. saccharina) repellent and insecticide. 15/76 16/77(F) Estimating the demand for non-timber forest No. 6. Trade measures – tools to promote the products among rural communities: a case sustainable use of NWFPs? 15/76; 16/77 study from the Sinharaja rain forest region, No. 7. The role of CITES in controlling the Sri Lanka. 14/72 international trade in forest products: Ethnobotanical survey in Ghata Rani Forest implications for sustainable forest region of Indian state Chhattisgarh during management. 16/77; 17/72-3 July. Parts 1-4. 18/64 FAO participatory forestry publications on CD- Ethnobotany and allelopathy of the Persian ROM. 13/80 walnut (Juglans regia L.) 15/75 FAO Proceedings Third Expert Meeting on Ethno-veterinary medicinal plants of the Lake Harmonizing Forest-Related Definitions for Victoria basin: a bioprospection. 15/73 Use by Various Stakeholders. 13/80 European environment outlook. 13/80 FAO State of the world’s forests. CD-ROM Evaluación y conservación de bioversidad en collection 1995-2005. 13/80 paisajes fragmentados de Mesoamerica. Fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism. 13/80 17/70(S) 118

Fern richness, tree species surrogacy, and Fungal biodiversity: distribution, conservation fragment complementarity in a Mexican and prospecting of fungi from India. 13/83 tropical montane cloud forest. 13/85 Future of tropical forest species. 14/75 Field guide to the future: four ways for communities to think ahead. 14/72; 15/73 G Fifty years of change in northern upland forest Gender analysis in the commercialization of understories: identity and traits of “winner” Gnetum africanum/buchholzianum in the and “loser” plants species. 14/75 Lekie division in Cameroon. 16/74 Five thousand years of sustainability? A case Gender in the management of indigenous study on Gedeo land use (southern Ethiopia). knowledge: reflections from Indian Central 14/72 Himalaya. 15/76 Flora and fauna for the Ghodaghodi Lake area (a Genetic variation in the threatened medicinal pocket guide), [Nepal]. 17/70 tree Prunus africana in Cameroon and Flora, vegetation, and conservation of mesic Kenya: implications for current forest at Dogotuki, Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands. management and eveolutionary history. 15/74 15/74 Folklore medicinal plants of North Andaman Gestion des ressources naturelles fournissant les Islands, India. 18/64 produits forestiers non ligneux alimentaires Forest climbing plants of West Africa: diversity, en Afrique Centrale. 16/77(F) ecology and management. 13/79 Gestion durable des produits forestiers non Forest cover change patterns in Myanmar lignieux dans la concession forestière de (Burma) 1990-2000. 14/73 Pallisco. 18/65(F) Forest degradation in the Western Ghats Getting to grips with the magnitude of biodiversity hotspot: resource collection, exploitation: bushmeat in the Cross-Sanaga livelihood concerns and sustainability. 17/69 rivers region, Nigeria and Cameroon. 14/72 Forest destruction in tropical Asia. 17/71 Ginkgo: an ancient Chinese medicinal tree in Forest entomology in East Africa: forest insects of India. 14/75 Tanzania. 15/76 Ginkgo biloba a living fossil: need conservation Forest faces: hopes and regrets in Philippine initiatives. 16/75 forestry. 18/63 Ginseng, the divine root. The curious history of Forest and forest products country profile: the plant that captivated the world. 14/75; Serbia and Montenegro. 13/81 15/77 Forest management and plant species diversity Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA in chestnut stands of three Mediterranean 2005). 13/86 areas. 15/73 Global overview of the conservation status of Forest property rights under nationalized forest tropical dry forests. 14/73 management in Bhutan 15/72 Globalization and forest resurgence: changes in Forest resources and rural livelihoods in the forest cover in El Salvador. 17/70 north-central regions of Namibia. 17/71 Globalization, forest resurgence, and Forest restoration in landscapes. Beyond planting environmental politics in El Salvador. 13/81 trees. 13/83 Going to pot. The Neotropical bushmeat crisis Forestry in a global context. 13/85 and its impact on primate populations. 15/72 Forestry matters: decline of oaks will impact Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis): an annotated wildlife in hardwood forests. 17/71 bibliography 13/84 Forests and human health: assessing the Good practices from the nature and poverty evidence. 14/71 proramme. 17/70 Forests for the new millennium – making forests Gorillas in the midst: the impact of armed work for people and nature. 13/81,83 conflict on the conservation of protected Forstwirtschaft und forstrecht in den areas in sub-Saharan Africa. 17/70 reformstaaten Mittel- und Osteuropas 1990- Guía fácil de las mejores setas. 13/81(S) 2007. (Forestry and forest legal issues in the Guide to low-cost practical forest resources Central and Eastern European countries inventory in the context of participatory with economies in transition 1990-2007). management of dry tropical forests in Africa. 18/63(G) 14/74 From seeds to beads: tales, tips and tools for building a community-based NTFP H enterprise. 18/63 Habitat assessment, phytosociology and Fruit trees and useful plants in the lives of conservation of the Tunbridge filmy fern Amazonians. 17/73 (Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. in its Funding Europe’s forests. How to use EU funds isolated locations in the Vosges Mountains. for sustainable forest management and 14/73 nature protection. 14/72 119

Half way to the Millennium Development Goals, Hunting and plant community dynamics in an assessment of the progress made on tropical forests: a synthesis and future MDGs and the environment. 16/76 directions. 16/75 Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010: proposal Hunting vulnerability, ecological characteristics for a first set of indicators to monitor and harvest rates of bushmeat species in progress in Europe. 16/74; 17/70 afrotropical forests. 13/80 Harvesting of non-timber forest products and implications for conservation in two I montane forests of East Africa. 15/75 Impact of commercial hunting on monkey Having your wildlife and eating it too: an populations in the Taï region, Côte d’Ivoire. analysis of hunting sustainability across 13/84 tropical ecosystems. 13/84 Impact of cultivation and collection on the Hearing a different drummer: a new paradigm for conservation of medicinal plants: global the “keepers of the forest”. 16/76 trends and issues. 13/85 Highlights of accomplishment: two years of Impact of game hunting by the Kayapó of progress – advancing the National Forest southeastern Amazonia: implications for Strategy (2003-2008). 13/83 wildlife conservation in tropical forest Himalayan medicinal plant diversity in an indigenous reserves. 15/75 ecologically complex high altitude Impact of hunting on the mammalian fauna of anthropogenic landscape, Dolpo, Nepal. tropical Asian forests. 16/73 15/73 Impact of musk trade on the decline in History and forest biodiversity of woodland key Himalayan musk deer Moschus chrysogaster habitats in south boreal Sweden. 13/80 population in Neelum Valley, Pakistan. 15/74 Honey as an indicator of environmental Impact of shifting agriculture on the availability pollution. 16/75 of non-timber forest products: the example Honey-making bee colony abundance and of Sabal yapa in the Maya lowlands of predation by apes and humans in a Uganda Mexico. 15/75 forest reserve. 14/72 Impact of sport-hunting on the population Hongos silvestres comestibles: perspectiva global dynamics of an African lion population in a de su uso e importancia para la población. protected area. 16/75 13/85(S) Impact of timber harvesting on the availability of Household differentiation and on-farm non-wood forest products in the Congo Basin. conservation of biodiversity by indigenous 16/77; 18/65 households in Xishuangbanna, China. 15/73 Impacts of land use change on Southeast Asian How can collection of wild edible fungi forest butterflies:a review. 17/71 contribute to livelihoods in rural areas of Impacts of rain forest fragmentation on Nepal? 13/79 butterflies in northern Borneo: species How can a knowledge of the past help to richness, turnover and the value of small conserve the future? Biodiversity fragments. 15/72 conservation and the relevance of long-term Impacts of roads and hunting on central African ecological studies. 16/76 rainforest mammals. 15/74 How many endangered species are there in the Implications of carbon financing for pro-poor United States? 14/75 community forestry. 17/71 How many species are there in Brazil? 13/82 Importance, cause and effect of bushmeat How many tropical rain forests? 14/75 hunting in the Udzungwa Mountains, Human body-mass index (weight in kg/weight Tanzania: implications for community- in m2) as a useful proxy to assess the based wildlife management. 14/73 relation between income and wildlife Importance of life history studies for consumption in poor rural societies. 15/73 conservation and fragmented populations: a Human exploitation of biodiversity and case study of the understory herb, Trillium conservation: a question of balance? 15/73 camschatcense. 14/74 Human health and forests. A global overview of Importance of nontimber forest products in the issues, practice and policy. 17/69 economic valuation of dry deciduous forests Hunting for consensus: reconciling bushmeat of India. 13/83 harvest, conservation and development Importance of tropical rain forest fragments to policy in West and Central Africa. 16/73 the conservation of plant species diversity in Hunting increases dispersal limitation in the Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. 15/72 tree Carapa procera, a nontimber forest Improving forest dependent livelihoods through product. 16/74 NTFPs and home gardens: a case study from Hunting in northern French Guiana and its Satchari National Park [Bangladesh] 17/72 impact on primate communities. 13/80 In search of excellence: exemplary forest management in Asia and the Pacific. 13/80 120

Incentives for sustainable hunting of bushmeat in cultivation, production and trade for farmers Río Muni, Equatorial Guinea. 17/71 and buyers). 13/85 Incorporating understanding of informal Joining the dots: species and protected areas. economic activity in natural resource and 14/75 economic development policy. 18/64 Justice in the forest: rural livelihoods and forest Index of Non-Wood News Issues 1-6. 14/77 law enforcement. 15/72 Index of Non-Wood News Issues 7-12. 14/77 Indicators for plant species richness in pine K (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of Germany. Koko ou mfumbu (Gnétacées). Une plante 17/72 alimentaire d’Afrique centrale. 17/73 Indigenous ecotourism in the Amazon: a case Kuth, Saussurea costus (Saussurea lappa): a study of “Casa Matsiguenka” in Manu herbal drug of antiquity and its present National Park, Peru. 18/64 status in India. 16/75 Indigenous fruit trees in the tropics: domestication, utilization and L commercialization. 18/63 Las Islas de los Changos (the Monkey Islands): Indigenous knowledge and management of the economic impact of ecotourism in the Araucaria araucana forest in the Chilean region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Andes: implications for native forest 14/74 conservation. 14/72 Lease and fee hunting on private lands in the Indigenous peoples: their forests, struggles and US: a review of the economic and legal rights. 14/71 issues. 16/75 Indigenous uses, population density and Leaves of Pelargonium sidoides may substitute conservation of threatened medicinal plants for its for the treatment of bacterial in protected areas of the Indian Himalayas. infections. 14/73 13/82 Lessons from forest decentralization: money, Influence of forest variation and possible effects justice and the quest for good governance in of poaching on duiker abundance at Ngogo Asia-Pacific. 18/63 Kibale National Park, Uganda. 14/73 Lichen species diversity and substrate amounts Influence of hunting on antipredator behaviour in young planted boreal forests: a in Central African monkeys and duikers. comparison between slash and stumps of 15/72 Picea abies. 17/69 Intellectual property and development: lessons Linking conservation and poverty reduction from recent economic research. 13/81 landscapes, people and power. 18/63 Intensive hunting of large flying foxes Pteropus Linking plant-based enterprises and local vampyrus natunae in Central Kalimantan, communities to biodiversity conservation in Indonesian Borneo. 17/72 the Nepal Himalaya. 14/75,77 Interdisciplinary curriculum on non-timber forest Livelihoods and the environment at Important products. 13/82 Bird Areas: listening to local voices. 15/72 International and national queries related to Livelihoods, forests and conservation. 13/85 medicinal herbs, insects and related Local law enforcement and illegal bushmeat products. 18/64 hunting outside the Serengeti National Park, International Standard for Sustainable Wild Tanzania. 16/74 Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Local values for harvested forest plants in Madre (ISSC-MAP). 14/72,74; 15/74 de Dios, Peru: towards a more International Standard for Sustainable Wild contextualized interpretation of quantitative Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ethnobotanical data. 13/82 (ISSC-MAP). Study on implementation strategies and opportunities for pilot M implementation. 15/74 Making conservation work: linking rural Investing in indigenous natural resource livelihoods and protected areas in management. 17/71 Bangladesh. 17/72 Is the Perigord black truffle threatened by an Management of nontimber forest product invasive species? We dreaded it and it has resources of India: an analysis of forest happened! 18/64 development corporations. 17/72 Is the sacred for sale? Tourism and indigenous Managing rattan as a common property: a case peoples. 14/72 study of community rattan management in Issues affecting enterprise development in the Nepal. 14/74 forest sector in Europe. 14/73; 15/75 Manejo comunitario de productos forestales no maderables: un manual con sugerencias para J el manejo participativo en comunidades de Jari-butiyon ka krishikaran, utpadan, evam Amazonia. 18/64(S) vyapar (Hindi), (medicinal plants, 121

Manejo de semillas forestales nativas de la Sierra Montane Andean rain forests are a global ecuatoriana y Norte del Perú. 13/83(S) diversity hotspot of geometrid moths. 13/79 Mangrove ecosystems of the Indian Ocean Multipurpose trees in the tropics: management region. 13/82 and improvement strategies. 14/75 Mapping species density of trees, shrubs and Mushroom picking does not impair future vines in a tropical forest, using field harvests – results of a long-term study in measurements, satellite multispectral Switzerland. 14/71 imagery and spatial interpolation. 17/70 Mycelium running: how mushrooms can help Market potential and resource management of save the world. 14/75 non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the northwestern uplands of Vietnam. 14/72 N Measuring biodiversity and sustainable Natural dyes: sources, tradition, technology and management in forests and agricultural science. 17/69; 18/65 landscapes. 13/80 Natural Inquirer 17/73 Medicinal and aromatic plant resources and Nature data 2008. 18/63 potential. 13/84 Nepal’s conservation policy options for Medicinal plant conservation and management: commercial medicinal plant harvesting: distribution of wild and cultivated species in stakeholder views. 14/72 eight countries. 16/73 Non-economic motives behind the willingness Medicinal plant diversity and local healthcare to pay for biodiversity conservation. 17/71 among the people living in and around a Non-timber forest product extraction: effects of conservation area of northern Bangladesh. harvest and browsing on an understory 17/71 palm. 14/72 Medicinal plant resources of Gandhamarden hill Non-timber forest product harvesting in alien- range, Orissa: an urgent need for dominated forests: effects on frond harvest conservation. 16/75 and rainfall on the demography of two Medicinal plant resources of Kerala: towards native Hawaiian ferns. 16/76 harnessing its potential. Part 1 – Non-timber forest product opportunities in Introduction. 17/71; 18/64 Alaska. 14/74; 16/75 Medicinal plant trade in Suriname. 17/69 Non-timber forest products between poverty Medicinal plant use by Surinamese immigrants alleviation and market forces. 14/74 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: results of a Non-timber forest products in Pakistan can help pilot market survey. 17/69 in poverty alleviation. 14/72 Medicinal plants of the Argentine Yungas plants Noni: the complete guide for consumers and of the Las Yungas biosphere reserve, growers. 15/75 Northwest of Argentina, used in health care. Nontimber forest products and biodiversity 15/73 management in the Pacific Northwest. 16/74 Medicinal plants in conservation and Nontimber forest products curriculum workbook. development: case studies and lessons learnt. 18/64 18/63 Nontimber forest products management on Medicinal plants used by communities of Ngai national forests in the United States. 13/83 Subcounty, Apac District, northern Uganda. North American mushrooms: a field guide to 15/75 edible and inedible fungi. 14/73 Medicine at your feet: healing plants of the Norwegian Action Plan for Environment in Hawaiian Kingdom. 18/64 Development Cooperation. 15/73 Medicine tradizionali. 16/73 Numeric index to establish conservation Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: a review of priorities for medicinal plants in the antimicrobial and other medicinal Paravachasca Valley, Córdoba, Argentina. properties. 16/73 15/74 Memorias del taller “Biodiversidad agrícola”. 17/70(S) O Mexico in the international reptile skin trade: a Observations on resource use in Mabira Forest case study. 16/73 Reserve, Uganda. 15/72 Microfinance and forest-based small scale Old-growth forests: characteristics, conservation enterprises. 13/86-7; 17/73 and monitoring. 13/81 Microsite analysis of resource use around One planet many people:atlas of our changing Kaziranga National Park, India: implications environment. 13/85 for conservation and development planning. Opportunity or threat. The role of the European 16/75 Union in global wildlife trade. 16/73; 17/70 Modern bamboo structures. 18/65 Options for livelihood enhancement by Monitoring of biological diversity: a common- combining small-scale forest based ground approach. 16/76 enterprises with microfinance practices: the Indian experience. Small-scale forestry and 122

rural development: the intersection of Policy tool for establishing a balance between ecosystems, economics and society. 15/75 wildlife habitat preservation and the use of Outlook for non-wood forest products in Asia and natural resources by rural people in South the Pacific. 18/65 Africa. 14/71 Politics of decentralization. Forests, power and P people. 13/79,83 Pacific genes and life patents, Pacific experiences Population genetic diversity of Curcuma & analysis of the commodification & zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe – a conservation ownership of life. 15/74 prioritized medicianl plant in Bangladesh. Paramaribo’s herbal market. 17/69 14/72 Partnerships in sustainable forest resource Population structure and regeneration status of management: learning from Latin America. medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in relation to 15/75 disturbance gradients in temperate broad- Patterns of bushmeat hunting and perceptions leaved forests of Arunachal Pradesh. 13/80 of disease risk among central Africa Potential and challenges of payments for communities. 15/74 ecosystem services from tropical forests. Patterns of harvesting foliage and bark from the 17/72 Khaya senegalensis in Potential impact of climate change on the Benin: variation across ecological regions northern nemoral forest herb flora of and its impacts on population structure. Europe. 15/76 17/70 Potential of trophy hunting to create incentives People, parks and poverty: political ecology and for wildlife conservation in Africa where biodiversity conservation. 17/69 alternative wildlife-based land uses may not Perception of local people towards conservation be viable. 15/74 of forest resources in Nandi Devi Biosphere Poverty and corruption compromise tropical Reserve, northwestern Himalaya, India. forest reserves. 16/76 16/75 Poverty and forests: multicountry analysis of Perspectives de la certification des produits spatial association and proposed policy forestiers non ligneux en Afrique Centrale. solutions. 16/76 16/77(F) Practical tools for researching successful NTFP Phylogeography of Eastern Polynesian commercialization: a methods manual. 14/73 sandalwood (Santalum insulare), an Predicting the long-term effects of hunting on endangered tree species from the Pacific: a plant species composition and diversity in study based on chloroplast microsatellites. tropical forests. 16/75 13/79 Predicting woody-plant species richness in Pine bark extract. 16/73 tropical dry forests: a case study from south Plant biodiversity in China: richly varies, Florida, United States. 13/81 endangered, and in need of conservation. Preservation of bamboo structures. 14/73 15/74 Preserving biodiversity under current and future Plant conservation: an ecosystem approach. climates: a case study. 13/79 14/72 Proceedings Plant identification. Creating user-friendly field Atelier international sur le traitement, la guides for biodiversity and management. valorisation et le commerce de karité en 14/72 Afrique. Actes du séminaire. 13/81(F) Plant resources of tropical Africa 3. Dyes and Congreso CEISAL de Latinoamericanistas, V, tannins. 13/82 Bruselas 2007/Abril 11-14. 17/71(S) Plant species diversity in the southern part of Cultural heritage and sustainable forest the Taï National Park (Côte d’Ivoire) 15/74 management: the role of traditional Plant species richness in the Chaco Serrano knowledge. Conference 8-11 June 2006, Woodland from central Argentina: Florence, Italy. Vols 1 and 2. 15/73 ecological traits and habitat fragmentation Expert Meeting on Harmonizing Forest-Related effects. 15/72 Definitions for Use by Various Stakeholders, Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or 3rd. 13/80 opportunity. 18/63 Frontis Workshop on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for life. Medicinal plant conservation and Plants. 14/74; 15/76 botanic gardens. 17/70 IFOAM International Conference on Organic Plants of the Nyika plateau: an account of the Wild Production, 1st. 15/74; (paper submitted vegetation of the Nyika National Parks of to) 14/72 Malawi and Zambia. 13/79 IUFRO 308 Conference. 15/75 Plants visited by bees and other useful plants of International Conference [on modern bamboo Umalila, Southern Tanzania. 16/74,77 structures], 1st 18/65 Plight of large animals in tropical forests and the International Symposium Guadua 2004. 13/87 consequences for plant regeneration. 16/76 123

Non-Timber Forest Products and Aboriginal Ripening stage and drying method affecting Research Issues Workshop. 14/73 colour and quality attributes of Ziziphus World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic mauritiana fruits in Zimbabwe. 18/64 Plants (WOCMAP), 3rd. 13/85 Role of CITES in controlling the international Protecting biodiversity: a guide to criteria used by trade in forest products: implications for global conservation organizations. 13/81 sustainable forest management. 16/77; 17/72- Protecting traditional knowledge: pathways to 3 the future. 14/71 Role of ecotourism in conservation: panacea or Pueblos indígenas, plantas y mercados, Pandora’s box? 13/82 Amazonía y Gran Chaco. V Congreso CEISAL Role of informal protected areas in maintaining de Latinoamericanistas, Bruselas 2007/Abril biodiversity in the Western Ghats of India. 11-14. 17/71(S) 13/79 Putting participatory domestication into Role of lac culture in biodiversity conservation: practice in West and Central Africa. 13/85 issues at stake and conservation strategy. Putting the stewardship concept into practice: 15/76 commercial moss harvest in Northwestern Role of non-wood forest products based cottage Oregon, USA. 15/75 industry in the livelihood of forest encroachers in Bangladesh. 15/72 Q Role of prices and wealth in consumer demand Quantifying the illegal parrot trade in Santa for bushmeat in Gabon, Cenral Africa. 13/85 Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, with emphasis on Role of social forestry in poverty alleviation of threatened species. 18/64 rural women: a sociological study. 18/63 ¿Qué estamos aprendiendo de la experiencia con los mercados de servicios ambientales S en Costa Rica? Revisión y crítica de la Sacred groves for biodiversity conservation in literatura. 13/84(S) Uttarakhand Himalaya. 16/73 Sacred groves of Manipur, northeast India: R biodiversity value, status and strategies for Rapid inventory of wild medicinal plant their conservation. 13/82 populations in Sri Lanka. 15/76 Savoir-faire local dans la valorisation Reasons for moss rarity: study in three alimentaire des fruits du safoutier neighbouring countries. 16/76 (Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam) au Regrowth of understory epiphytic bryophytes 10 Cameroon. (The local know-how in the years after simulated commercial moss valorization of (Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) harvest. 15/75 H.J. Lam) fruits in Cameroon). 15/75(F) Rehabilitación de areas degradadas en la Science for the poor: how one woman Amazonia peruana: revisión de experiencias challenged researchers, ranchers and loggers y lecciones aprendidas. 15/74(S) in Amazonia. 15/76 Reining in on rainforest destruction. 14/73 Scope for improving rural livelihoods through Relationship between the abundances of non-timber forest products: an evolving bumblebees and honeybees in a native research agenda. 14/74 habitat. 13/81 Securing economic benefits and promoting Relationship between non-timber forest product conservation through bioprospecting. 15/74 management and biodiversity in the United Seeing RED? Avoided deforestation and the rights States. 14/72 of indigenous peoples and local communities. Resilience of southwestern Amazon forests to 16/74 anthropogenic edge effects. 15/75 Seeing the wood for the trees: the role of woody Resin tapping and forest cooperatives in resources for the construction of gender Honduras. 15/73 specific household cultural artefacts in non- Resolving environmental disputes: from conflict traditional communites in the Eastern Cape, to consensus. 13/85 South Africa. 15/72 Responsible tourism: critical issues for Sericulture in forestry – Vanya Silk. 15/76 conservation and development. 18/65 Silvicultural and sustainable management of Review of the status, harvest, trade and rattan production systems 14/74 management of seven Asian CITES-listed Simple guide to intellectual property rights, medicinal and aromatic plant species. 18/64 biodiversity and traditional knowledge. 15/72 Riches of the forest: fruits, remedies and Simulating nontimber forest product handicrafts in Latin America. 14/73 management in tropical mixed forests. 16/73; Riches of the forest: for health, life and spirit in 17/72 Africa. 14/73 Small and medium forest enterprise development Rights of forest dwellers in India. 16/74 for poverty reduction: opportunities and challenges in globalizing markets. 17/69; 18/63 124

Small-scale woodland-based enterprises with Sustainable use of wildlife: the view from outstanding economic potential – the case of archaeozoology. 17/70 honey in Zambia. 15/74 Sweet flag (vaca) Acorus calamus L.: the oldest Social history of wild huckleberry harvesting in medicinal plant ever known to mankind the Pacific Northwest. 15/75 with especial reference to Uttarakhand. Social learning in environmental management. 16/75 Towards a sustainable future. 13/82 Social negotiation of nature conservation policy: T conserving pinewoods in the Scottish Taboos and forest governance: informal Highlands. 17/71 protection of hotspot dry forest in southern Some honeybee plants of Bas-Congo Province, Madagascar. 17/72 Democratic Republic of Congo. 13/82 Tannin and tannate from the quebracho tree: an Species composition, physiognomy and plant eco-friendly alternative for controlling diversity of the tropical montane evergreen marine bio-fouling. 17/71 broad-leaved forest in southern Yunnan. Tendencias y perspectivas del sector forestal en 14/75 América Latina y el Caribe 14/76(S) Species protection, the changing informal “There’s no such thing as biopiracy… and it’s a economy, and the politics of access to the good thing too.” 14/71 bushmeat trade in the Democratic Republic Towards the development of miombofruit trees of the Congo. 15/72 as commercial tree crops in southern Africa. Species richness, composition and abundance of 13/79 fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Towards sustainable commercial moss harvest Atlantic Forest: comparison between a in the Pacific Northwest of North America. fragmented and a continuous landscape. 14/74 15/76 Trade and conservation of Himalayan medicinal State of the world’s forests 1995-2005. CD-ROM plants: Nardostachys grandiflora DC and collection. 13/80 Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) State of the world’s forests 2007. 15/77 Hong. 13/83 Status of non-cultivated food plants in Bulamogi Trade measures – tools to promote the County, Uganda. 15/76 sustainable use of NWFPs. 15/76; 16/77 Steps to sustainable and community-based NTFP Traditional, complementary and alternative management: a manual written with special medicine. Policy and public health reference to south and southeast Asia perspectives. 15/72 14/75,76 Traditional ecological knowledge of a riverine Stinging nettles: ethnomedicinal and modern forest in Turkana, Kenya: implications for uses. 14/75 research and management. 16/75 Strengthening forest law enforcement and Traditional gathering of native hula plants in governance. Addressing a systematic alien-invaded Hawaiian forests: adaptive constraint to sustainable development. 15/76 practices, impacts on alien invasive species Structure and operation of a bushmeat and conservation implications. 15/76 commodity chain in southwestern Ghana. Traditional medicinal knowledge about herbs 13/79 used in Chhattisgarh, India. VII. Interactions Study of non-timber forest products in Central with female traditional healers. 14/74 Africa: reality and prospects. 14/75 Traditional medicinal uses and biological Study of plant materials used for house activities of some plant extracts of African construction around Kibale National Park, Combretum Loefl., Terminalia L. and western Uganda. 15/73 Pteleopsis Engl. species (Combretaceae). Study on traditional knowledge and utility of 17/70 medicinal herbs of district Buner, NWFP, Traditional medicine of the Marshall Islands: the Pakistan. 16/75 women, the plants, the treatments. 15/76 Subsistence hunting and conservation issues in Traditional natural resources management the game reserve of Gile, Mozambique. 16/74 practices and biodiversity conservation in Supping at God’s table. A handbook for the Ghana: a review of local concepts and issues domestication of wild trees for food and on change and sustainability. 17/72 fodder. 14/75 Traditional trees of Pacific islands: their culture, Supporting small forest enterprises: a cross- environment and use. 14/72; 16/73 sectoral review of best practice. 17/71 Travelling cultures and plants. The ethnobiology Sustainability of subsistence hunting by and ethnopharmacy of human migrations. Matsigenka native communities in Manu 17/69 National Park, Peru. 17/71 Tree diversity in primary forest and different Sustainable forest use of Brazilian extractive land use systems in Central Sulawesi, reserves: natural regeneration of Brazil nuts Indonesia. 13/82 in exploited populations. 17/72 125

Trees, poverty and targets. Forests and the Vulnerable and threatened plants of economic Millennium Development Goals. 16/75 value. Hedychium coronarium Koering. 13/79 Trophy hunting and conservation in Africa: problems and one potential solution. 16/74 W Tropical apiculturalist – beekeeping. 17/71 Western juniper resource of eastern Oregon, Tropical forests in a changing environment. 1999. 14/71 14/75 What hope for African primate diversity? 14/71 Tropical rain forests and the need for cross Where are the poor and where are the trees? continental comparisons. 14/71 Targeting of poverty reduction and forest Tropical rainforests of the Guiana shield. 13/81 conservation in Vietnam. 15/74 Tropical rainforests: past, present and future. Where in the world is there pro-poor forest policy 13/79 and tenure reform? 16/74 Truffle abundance in riparian and upland Who does all the research in conservation mixed-conifer forest of California’s southern biology? 13/81 Sierra Nevada. 14/73 WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal Types of gums and resins and their industrial medicines with reference to contaminants uses. 13/85 and residues. 17/72 Wild edible fungi: a global overview of their use U and importance to people. 13/85(S); 14/76(F) Underutilized plant species: impacts of Wild harvests from Scottish woodlands. Social, promotion on biodiversity. 16/73; 17/69 cultural and economic values of Unkind cuts for incense. 15/74 contemporary non-timber forest products. Unsustainable collection and unfair trade? 14/72 Uncovering and assessing assumptions Wild meat harvest and trade in Liberia: regarding Central Himalayan medicinal managing biodiversity, economic and social plant conservation. 16/74 impacts. 13/81 Urban forests and trees. 13/82 Wild urban woodlands, new perspectives for Use of non-timber forest products in the Congo urban forestry. 13/82 Basin: constraints and opportunities. 17/70 Wildlife and economic policies affecting the Uses of tree species producing gum arabic in bushmeat trade: a framework for analysis. Karamoja, Uganda. 15/73 16/73 Wildlife, exotic pets and emerging zoonoses. V 16/73 Value of a long-term bushmeat market dataset Wildlife farming: a viable alternative to hunting as an indicator of sytem dynamics. 14/71 in tropical forests? 14/73 Value of primary, secondary and plantation Wildlife hunting practices and bushmeat forests for fruit-feeding butterflies in the dynamics of the Banyangi and Mbo people Brazilian Amazon. 16/74; 17/69 of Southwestern Cameroon. 16/76 Valuing ecosystem functions: an empirical study Wildlife in the life of local people of the semi- on the storm protection function of the arid Argentine Chaco. 15/72 Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem. 13/79 Wildlife (Protection) Act and conservation Valuing Mediterranean forests: towards total prioritization of butterflies of the Western economic value. 13/83 Ghats, southwestern India. 18/64 Valuing the non-timber forest products in the Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation Mediterranean region. 17/69 awareness in southwest China. 18/65 Valuing special forest products harvesting: a Women, forests and plantations: the gender two-step travel cost recreation demand dimension. 13/87 analysis. 16/75 Women in processing and marketing of non- Vegetación de los Andes del Ecuador. Memoria timber forest products: case study of Benin explicativa de los mapas de vegetación: City, Nigeria. 15/74 potencial y remanente a escala 1:250.000 y del World bamboo resources. A thematic study modelamiento predictiva con especies prepared in the framework of the Global indicadoras. 13/79(S) Forest Resources Assessment 2005. 16/76 Vegetative propagation on some key malaria World can’t have wild tigers and eat them, too. medicinal plants in Nigeria. 15/73 18/63 Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and World’s mangroves 1980-2005. 17/70 fungi in northern Swedih boreal forests. 13/79 126 127

Index of authors

References consist of issue number/page number(s) with the following notations:

Issue numbers: 13 (April 2006); 14 (January 2007); 15 (July 2007); 16 (January 2008); 17 (July 2008); 18 (January 2009) Language indicators: publication in (F) French; (S) Spanish Indexer’s note: The same author may be indexed several times if additional initials are given in different citations.

A Apte, T. 15/72 Abedin, M.J. 17/72 Arancibia, E. 15/76 Abernethy, K. 13/85 Araújo, E.L. 17/69 Acciaioli, G. 15/76 Araujo, I.S. 16/74; 17/69 Adams, W.M. 17/69 Araújo, M.B. 16/76 Adepoju, A.A. 16/73 Aravind, N.A. 13/79 Adesina, A.A.I. 16/75 Arbeláez, M. 13/83(S) Adholeya, A. 13/83 Arinaitwe, J. 13/83 Afolayan, A.J. 14/73 Arjunan, M. 17/69 Afzal, S. 16/75 Arquiza, Y. 18/63 Agrawal, A. 13/79 Arroyo-Quiroz, I. 16/73 Aguilar-Støen, M. 16/73 Arroyo-Rodríguez, V. 15/72 Ahuja, P.S. 18/63 Arruga Postigo, A. de 13/84 Ahumada, J.A. 13/79 Asaah, E.K. 13/85 Aide, T.M. 16/74 Ash, N. 16/73 Ajayi, O.C. 18/63 Asmüssen, M.V. 17/69 Akhter, T. 18/63 Atangana, A.R. 13/85 Akinnifesi, F.K. 13/79; 18/63,64 Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Y. 15/73 Alamgir, M. 15/72 Avdibegovic, M. 18/63 Albrecht, M.A. 15/72 Awan, M.S. 15/74 Albrechtsen, L. 14/71,72 Awono, A. 13/85 Albuquerque, U.P. 17/69 Ayer, F. 14/71 Alessandrello, M. 17/69(S) Aylward, B. 13/84(S) Alexander, R. 15/74; 16/74 Azuma, D.L. 14/71 Alexander, S. 15/75; 16/75 Alexander, S.J. 13/83; 15/75; 16/75; 18/64 B Aliotta, G. 15/75 Bach, K. 13/82 Alley, A. 16/73 Badola, R. 13/79 Almeida, M. 13/84 Baez, S. 17/69 Alonso, A. 15/74 Baker, B. 15/75 Alsum, E. 13/85 Ballard, H.L. 15/75 Altrichter, M. 15/72 Balmford, A. 13/83 Amin, R. 14/72 Balslev, H. 17/69,72 An, L. 13/82 Bangay, L. 15/72 Andel, T. van 16/73 Baquero, F. 13/79(S) Andel, T.R. van 17/69 Baranga, D. 15/72 Andelman, S. 17/72 Barlow, J. 14/71; 16/74; 17/69 Andersen, U.S. 15/72; 18/63 Barnes, J. 17/71 Andriamaherilala, J.A. 17/72 Barry, B. 14/71 Andrikopoulos, N.K. 15/73 Bartwal, M. 13/85 Anegbeh, P. 13/85 Bateman, R.M. 16/73 Anitha, J. 18/64 Bayon, R. 17/69 Anjen, J. 18/64 Bearer, S. 13/82 Ankudey, N. 14/71 Beckman, N. 16/76 Anusarnsunthorn, V. 13/85 Behari-Ramdas, J. 17/69 128

Belcher, B. 13/79; 16/73 Brunner, J. 14/73 Belinga, J.M.O. 16/74 Buchori, D. 14/75 Bell, D.J. 13/80 Budreckienne, R. 16/75 Belotto, A. 16/73 Buij, R. 15/72 Benayas, J. 17/71 Bunt, C. 18/63,64 Benedick, S. 15/72 Burford, G. 15/72 Bennett, E.L. 13/84; 16/73; 17/71; 18/63 Burke, D.S. 15/74 Bennett, K.D. 16/76 Burn, R.W. 16/73 Berch, S. 15/75 Burrows, J.E. 13/79 Berg, C. van den 13/81 Buscardo, E. 18/63 Berglund, H. 13/79,80 Buser, C. 14/71 Bermingham, E. 13/79 Bushley, B. 17/72 Berrens, B.P. 16/75 Butaud, J.F. 13/79 Berrios, E.F. 13/85(S) Byaruhanga, A. 13/83 Betzin, J. 17/72 Byg, A. 17/72 BfN 18/63 Bhagwat, S.A. 13/79; 18/63 C Bhatt, A.B. 17/72 Caballero, J. 15/75 Bhatt, R. 13/85 Caballero-George, C.C. 15/74 Bhattacharyya, R. 15/72 Cabido, M. 15/72 Bhattacharyya, S. 15/72 Cagnolo, L. 15/72 Binifa, J. 18/64 Caillon, S. 17/69 Birdlife International 15/72 Camilo, R.M. 17/70 Birks, H.J.B. 18/63 Campbell, B. 13/79 Bisht, S. 16/73 Campbell, B.M. 17/71 Bista, S. 15/72 Campbell, P. 15/74 Bitariho, R. 15/75 Cañellas, I.R. 16/73 Blencowe, E. 16/73 Cao, M. 16/74 Blitterswijk, H. van 14/73 Capistrano, D. 13/79,83; 18/63 Blom, E.C. 15/74 Capson, T.L. 15/74 Blundell, A.G. 14/71; 15/72 Cardillo, M. 15/72; 17/69 Blusyein, G. 17/71 Cardon, D. 13/82; 17/69; 18/65 Blyth, S. 14/73 Care for the Wild International/Pro Wildlife Bode, M. 17/72 15/72 Bodeker, G. 15/72 Carpaneto, G.M. 16/74 Bodmer, R.E. 16/74 Carrere, R. 14/71 Bogers, R. 14/74; 15/76 Carroll, N. 17/69 Bohara, A.K. 16/75 Carson, C.F. 16/73 Bol, N. 16/73 Caruso, A. 17/69 Bonfante, P. 18/64 Case, M.A. 16/73 Bongers, F. 13/79 Cayuela, L. 14/71 Bonn, A. 13/79 CFC 13/81(F) Boreal Centre for Conservation Enterprise 17/69 Chadha, S. 13/79 Bouare, O. 14/71 Chamberlain, J.L. 13/84 Bouvet, J.M. 13/79 Chang ShangTzen 15/76 Boxall, P.C. 14/73 Chapman, C.A. 14/71 Bradbear, N. 17/73 Chaubey, O.P. 15/72 Brandolini, G.V. 16/73 Chaudhuri, S. 15/72 Brandon, K. 13/83; 16/73 Chauhan, M. 15/73 Brault, S. 14/75 Cházaro, B.M.J. 13/85(S) Braun, L. 16/73 Chazdon, R.L. 18/63 Brehm, G. 13/79 Chen, A.G. 15/73 Bridgewater, S.G.M. 16/73 Chen, B.K. 14/75 Broad, S. 18/63 Chen, J. 14/71 Brockerhoff, E.G. 18/63 Chey, V.K. 15/72 Brooks, T.M. 15/76 Cheyne, S.M. 17/72 Brosius, P. 15/76 Chilanga, T. 13/79 Brown, C. 13/80 Child, B. 18/65 Brown, D. 16/73; 17/71 Chiteka, Z.A. 18/64 Brown, K.S. 15/76 Chomel, B.B. 16/73 Brown, N.D. 13/79 Chowdhary, C.L. 14/74 Brown, V.A. 13/82 Christensen, M. 13/79 Brugiere, D. 13/79 Christie, S. 18/63 129

Christophersen, T. 17/71,72 Donovan, J. 17/69; 18/63 Christy, J.A. 15/75 Dorji, L. 15/72 Chu FangHua 15/76 Dovie, D.B.K. 15/75 Ciavatta Pantoja, M. 13/84 Dublin, H. 16/73 Clason, A.J. 18/63 Duchok, R. 13/80 Cocks, M.L. 15/72 Dudley, N. 13/80,83; 14/71; 15/72 Colchester, M. 15/72 Dukpa, K. 14/73 Coley, P.D. 15/74 Dupain, J. 14/72 Colfer, C.J. P. 13/79,83; 14/71; 17/69; 18/63 Dupuy, J.M. 17/70 COMFORPTS INDIA 18/63 Durst, P.B. 13/80 Condit, R. 16/76 Dutfield, G. 14/71 Córdova, J.P.P. 15/72; 18/63 Dutt, C.B.S. 18/64 Corlett, M.T. 14/71 Dutt, S. 17/72 Corlett, R.T. 16/73,76 Dutton, A. 18/63 Coulston, J.W. 13/79 Dyball, R. 13/82 Cowlishaw, G. 13/79,84; 14/71; 15/72; 16/73 Dyke, A. 14/72 Croes, B.M. 15/72,74 Crofton, P. 18/64 E Croitoru, L. 13/83; 17/69 East, M.L. 14/74 Crookes, D.J. 14/71; 16/73 East, T. 14/71 Cropper, W.P. 16/73; 17/72 Ebert, G. 17/70 Cruse-Sanders, J.M. 13/79 Edderai, D. 16/73 Cubilla-Rios, L. 15/74 Edmund, B. 18/63 Cuellar, N. 13/81 Edouard, F. 14/74; 15/76 Cui, J.Y. 15/73 Eeley, H.A.C. 14/71 Cullen, R. 13/79 Effa, E.N. 13/85 Cunningham, A. 13/79 Egadu, S.P. 15/73 Cunningham, A.B. 13/85; 14/74; 15/76 Egli, S. 14/71 Curran, L.M. 15/76 Ehiagbonare, J.E. 15/73 Eilu, G. 17/70 D Ejobi, F. 15/73 Dach, S.W. von 13/81 El-Keblawy, A. 13/80 Dahal, G.R. 18/63 El-Siddig, K. 17/70 D’Alessi, F. 13/79 El-Tahir, B.A. 17/70 Dame, M. 16/73 Elevitch, C.R. 14/72; 15/75; 16/73 Dandjouma, A.K.A. 15/75(F) Elliott, S. 13/85 Davidar, P. 17/69 Elmqvist, T. 17/72 Davies, D. 16/76 Emery, M. 14/72 Davies, G. 16/73 Endress, B.A. 14/72 Davila, K. 14/72 Engler, M. 16/73; 17/70 Dawson, I.K. 13/81; 15/74; 16/73; 17/69 Epprecht, M. 15/74 De Jong, W. 14/72; 15/74(S) Erb, M. 15/76 Decocq, G. 15/74 Ericsson, T.S. 13/80 Dedoussis, G.V.Z. 15/73 Esch, E. 14/72 DeFries, R.S. 14/73 Escuela Nacional de Agricultura [El Salvador] Degeorges, P. 17/69 17/69(S) Degrande, A. 13/85; 16/74 Espinosa, M.B. 13/79(S) Dehnen-Schmutz, K. 17/69 ESSC 18/63 Delang, C.O. 14/71 European Environment Agency 13/80; 16/74; Devers, P. 17/71 17/70 Devoe, N.N. 14/72 Evans, K. 14/72; 15/73 Dewi, S. 13/84; 16/76 Dhendup, K. 14/73 F Dhliwayo, P. 13/79 Fa, J.E. 13/80; 14/71,72; 16/73 Dhyani, D. 16/75 Facheux, C. 13/85 Dhyani, P.P. 15/76 Fairburn, G. 13/79 Diaz Roja, R. 15/75(S) Fang, J.Y. 15/76 Dick, C.W. 13/79 Fantini, A.C. 14/73 Diederichs, N. 13/80; 14/71 FAO 13/80,81(F); 15/73,76,77: 16/76,77; 17/70(S); Diekmann, M. 16/74 18/63 Diffo, J.L.D. 15/74 Farfan, A.J. 13/82 Dirzo, R. 16/76 Farrera, M.A.P. 17/70 Dold, A.P. 15/72 Fazey, I. 13/81 130

Fearer, T. 17/71 Gomez, I. 13/81 Fiedler, K. 13/79 Gondard, H. 15/73 Figueroa-Rangel, B. 16/76 González, J.M. 17/69(S) Fink, C. 13/81 Goodall-Copestake, W.P. 13/81 Fischer, A. 17/71 Gopal, B. 15/73 Fischer, J. 13/81 Gopalakrishnan, C. 14/72 Fisher, R. 18/63 Gorchov, D.L. 14/72 Fishpool, L. 13/83 Gordon, E.A. 13/81 Flamenco-Sandoval, A. 17/70 Gordon, J.E. 14/73 Flinn, K.M. 16/73 Gorman, J.T. 17/71 FoE-NL 17/70 Gorzula, S. 13/83 Fonseca, G.A.B. da 13/80,83 Goulart de Andrade, A. 13/84 Fonseca, H. 14/71 Government of Norway 15/73 Forget, P.M. 16/74 Gradstein, S.R. 13/82 Forup, M.L. 13/81 Grandez, C. 17/72 Fowler, M.K. 15/76 Gratwicke, B. 18/63 Fox, J. 17/69,72 Grierson, D.S. 14/73 Fraiola, H. 15/76; 16/76 Griffiths, T. 16/74,76 Frank, L.G. 15/74; 16/74 Groenendijk, S. 17/69 Frazier, J. 17/70 Guarino, L. 16/73; 17/69 Freed, J.R. 14/74; 16/75 Gubbi, S. 16/74; 18/63 Freitas, A.V.L. 15/76 Gumal, M. 15/76 Froede, A. 17/70 Gunatilake, H.M. 14/72 Froyd, C.A. 16/76 Guo, H.J. 15/73 Fu, Y.N. 15/73 Gupta, M.P. 15/74 Fuentes, E. 15/74 Gwabu, C. 18/64 Fuentes, M. 18/63 Gyeltshen, M. 14/73 Fuller, S. 18/64 Fuller, T. 16/74 H Fusari, A. 16/74 Hale, B.W. 13/85 Fyhrquist, P. 17/70 Halme, K.J. 16/74 Hamayun, Muhammad 16/75 G Hamer, K.C. 15/72 Gabriel, G. 18/63 Hamilton, A. 14/72 Galatsidas, S. 14/72 Hamilton, A.C. 18/63 Gallia, E. 15/74 Hamilton, P. 14/72 Ganeshaiah, K.N. 13/79 Hammer, K. 17/70 Gaoue, O.G. 17/70 Hammer, K.A. 16/73 García, M. 17/71 Hammond, D. 13/81 García Rollan, M. 13/81(S) Hamrick, J.L. 13/79 Gardner, T.A. 16/74; 17/69 Hansda, R. 18/65 Garnett, S.T. 17/71 Harley, R.M. 13/81 Garrigues, J.P. 17/69 Harrison, M.E. 17/72 Garwood, N.C. 16/73 Harvey, C.A. 17/70(S) Garzuglia, M. 14/72 Hausammann, H. 16/75(F) Gaston, K.J. 13/79 Havinga, R.M. 17/69 Gautam, K.H. 14/72 Hawkins, B. 17/70 Gautier-Hion, A. 13/79 Hawksworth, D.L. 15/73 Ge, S. 15/74 Hawthorne, W. 14/72 Gea-Izquierdo, G. 16/73 Healy, W.M. 17/71 Gebauer, J. 17/70 Hecht, S.B. 13/81; 17/70 Gerwick, W.H. 15/74 Hedderson, T.A.J. 16/74 Ghildiyal, J.C. 16/73 Heemann, S. 16/74 Ghimire, S.K. 15/73 Heinen, J.T. 16/75 Gil, G.E. 15/73 Hennessey, B. 18/64 Gilg, O. 13/81 Herbst, P. 18/63 Gillespie, T.W. 13/81 Hernandéz, A. 16/76 Giuliani, A. 16/74 Hernández-Gómez, R. 13/85 Giulietti, A.M. 13/81 Hernandez-Mayorga, M.D. 16/74 Glavonjic, B. 13/81 Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L. 17/70 Glew, L. 17/70 Herrera, G.L. 14/75 Godoy, R. 13/85; 15/73 Herrera, M. 18/64 Golicher, D.J. 14/71 Herrmann, T.M. 14/72 131

Hilfiker, K. 14/72 Jones, E.T. 13/83; 14/72; 15/75; 16/74; 18/64 Hilgert, N.I. 15/73 Jones, M.J. 15/73 Hill, J.K. 15/72 Jonsson, B.G. 13/79 Hilt, N. 13/79 Joshi, P.K. 15/73 Hoare, A.L. 17/70 Julliot, C. 13/80 Hobley, M. 16/74 Hoekstra, J.M. 17/72 K Hofer, H. 14/74 Kadu, C.A.C. 13/79; 15/74 Hollingsworth, P.M. 13/81 Kadzere, I. 13/79; 18/64 Holmern, T. 16/74 Kaechele, H. 17/71 Homberg, H. van den 15/75 Kafle, G. 17/70 Honnef, S. 14/72; 15/74 Kahrl, F. 14/75 Hoque, A.T.M.R. 15/72 Kaimowitz, D. 17/71 Howe, H.F. 16/75 Kainer, K.A. 17/72 Hoyt, R. 13/81 Kajobe, R. 14/72 Hua, N. 18/65 Kakudidi, E.K. 15/73 Huanca, T. 15/73 Kala, C.P. 13/82 Hudson, M.D. 17/70 Kaliora, A.C. 15/73 Hughey, K.F.D. 13/79 Kalu, C. 15/74 Hunter, C. 14/72 Kamoga, D. 15/73 Hunter, D. 18/64 Kandel, S. 13/81 Hurni, H. 13/81 Kanmegne, J. 16/74 Hussain, S.A. 13/79 Kanshie, T.K. 14/72 Hutton, J. 17/69 Kaplan, H. 17/71 Hylander, K. 16/74 Kapos, V. 14/73 Kapseu, C. 15/75(F) I Kareiva, P. 17/72 Ibañez, A. 15/74 Karki, J.B. 17/70 Iglesias, C. 17/70 Karmacharya, M. 13/83 Illoldi-Rangel, P. 16/74 Karna, B. 13/83 Illukpitiya, P. 14/72 Karthick, S. 18/64 Ingerpuu, N. 16/76 Karunaratne, N.S. 15/76 Inogwabini, B.I. 17/70 Kathe, W. 15/74 Isermann, M. 16/74 Kathiresan, K. 13/82 Ishikawa, M. 13/80 Kawano, S. 14/74 Islam, M.A. 14/72 Keen, M. 13/82 Ismodes, A.R. 13/82 Keith, M. 17/71 IUCN-NL 17/70 Kelatwang, S. 14/72 IUFRO 13/81; 15/73 Kelly, D.S. 14/73 Ivanei, S. 16/73 Kent, K. 13/80 Keppel, G. 15/74 J Kerkvliet, J. 14/73 Jackson, W. 14/71 Kessler, M. 13/82 Jacob, J.P. 18/64 Kessler, P.J.A. 13/82 Jactel, H. 18/63 Khan, A. 16/75 Jaenicke, H. 16/73; 17/69 Khan, A.A. 15/74 Jáger, L. 13/81 Khan, M.A. 16/75 Jaiswal, A.K. 15/76 Khan, M.L. 13/80,82 Jancaitis, J. 16/73 Khumbongmayum, A.D. 13/80,82 Jansen, P.A. 16/74 Kim, S. 18/64 Jansen, P.C.M. 13/82 King, D.I. 16/74 Janssens, M.J.J. 16/75 Kirkby, C. 18/64 Jatisatienr, A. 13/85 Kirkpatrick, C. 18/63 Jayaram, K. 15/73 Kishi, M. 14/71 Jeanrenaud, J.-P. 14/71 Klausmeyer, K.R. 17/72 Jeanrenaud, S. 18/63 Klingenstein, F. 14/72; 15/74 Jenkins, M. 16/73; 17/72 Klooster, C.I.E.A. van’t 17/69 Jensen, A. 18/64 Kloppstech, K. 14/72 Jerôme, C. 14/73 Koch, F.H. 17/71 Johansson, K. 17/72 Koh, L.P. 15/76; 17/71 Johnston, A.M. 14/72 Koike, M. 18/64 Johnston, M. 18/64 Kollmann, J. 15/72; 18/63 Johri, B.N. 13/83 Kolongo, T.S.D. 15/74 132

Koné, I. 13/84 Lopez, M. 13/82 Konijnendijk, C.C 13/82 Lopez-Herrera, G. 15/76 Koopmans, D. 17/69 López-Pujol, J. 15/74 Körner, S. 13/82 Loveridge, A.J. 16/75 Korte, S. de 17/69 Lozana Costa, E.M. 13/84 Kowarik, I. 13/82 Luckert, M.K. 17/71 Krüger, P. 13/82 Luethi, R. 14/72 Krul, L. 14/72 Lund, H.G. 14/73 Ksiksi, T. 13/80 Lundberg, J. 17/72 Kumar, A. 13/82 Luttrell, C. 17/71 Kumar, K.K. 15/76 Lwanga, J.S. 14/73 Kümpel, N.F. 14/71; 17/71 Lynch, K.A. 13/82; 16/74; 18/64 Kunte, K. 18/64 Kursar, T.A. 15/74 M Kushalappa, C.G. 13/79 Ma, Y.X. 16/74 Kwesiga, F. 13/79 Macdonald, D.W. 14/71,72; 16/75 Kwesiga, F.R. 18/63 MacGregor, J. 17/71 Machado Soares, F. 18/64(S) L Mackay, R. 13/83 Lahm, S.A. 15/72,74 MacMillan, D.C. 18/63 Lai WanChi 15/76 Macqueen, D. 17/71 Laird, S. 14/75 Mahevas, T. 14/73 Larsen, H.O. 13/79; 14/72; 16/74 Mahindapala, R. 15/76 Latham, P. 13/82; 16/74,77 Mahpatra, A.K. 13/83 Latif, A. 14/72 Maikhuri, R.K. 16/75 Laurance, W.F. 15/72,74; 17/71 Mammen, P.C. 17/69 Law, W. 16/74 Mandujano, S. 15/72 Lawes, M.J. 14/71 Manga, T.T. 16/74 Lawrence, A. 13/82; 14/72 Manjunath, J. 13/79 Leader-Williams, N. 16/73 Mannigel, E. 18/64 Leakey, R.R.B. 18/63,64 Manoharachary, C. 13/83 Leaman, D.J. 13/85; 14/72,74; 15/74,76 Mansourian, S. 13/83 LeBreton, M. 15/74 Marquet, P.A. 17/72 Lee, M.E. 15/74 Marshall, E. 13/83; 14/73,74; 15/76 Lee, R.J. 15/76 Martin, S. 14/72 Lee, T.M. 15/76 Martín-López, B. 17/71 Leimgruber, P. 14/73 Martínez, G.J. 15/74 Lenaerts, M. 17/71(S) Maryati, M. 15/72 Lengkeek, A.G. 15/74 Masara, C. 17/70 Leonard, D.B. 18/64 Mascia, M.B. 14/71; 15/72 Leonard, W.R. 15/73 Masera, O.R. 17/70 Leonardi, S. 15/73 Maskus, K.E. 13/81 Leven, L. van’t 14/73 Master, L.L. 14/75 Levi, T. 17/71 Masum, K.M. 15/72 Lewinsohn, T.M. 13/82 Matakala, P. 18/63 Lewu, F.B. 14/73 Mathew, P.J. 17/71; 18/64 Li, H.M. 16/74 Mathieson, A. 15/74; 16/74 Liese, W. 14/73 Matusevicius, P. 16/75 Limin, S.H. 17/72 May, I. 14/73 Lin ChienTsong 15/76 Mayers, J. 16/75 Linaje, M. 16/74 Mbile, P. 13/85 Lindenmayer, D.B. 13/81 Mbosso, C. 13/85 Linderman, M. 13/82 McBride, M.F. 17/72 Lindgren, P.M.F. 18/63 McCarthy, B.C. 15/72 Lindsey, P.A. 15/74; 16/74,75 McDade, T. 15/73 Ling, S. 15/74 McFarlane, E.M. 13/83; 15/75 Linington, R.G. 15/74 McFarlane, P. 14/73 Lins Neto, E,M.F. 17/69 McGraw, J.B. 16/75 Liu, H.G. 13/82 Mckey, D. 15/73 Liu, W.J. 16/74 McLain, R.J. 13/83; 15/75; 18/64 Lizama, J.C. 16/75(S) McManis, C. 15/74 Looker, M. 17/72 McPhail, K.L. 15/74 Lopez, C. 14/73 McShea, W.J. 17/71 133

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Steffan-Dewenter, I. 14/75 Treloar, T. 18/64 Steininger, M.K. 14/73 Triantafillidis, J.K. 15/73 Stenseth, N.C. 16/75 Tripathi, R.S. 13/82 Stevenson, L. 18/64 Trubey, R. 16/74 Stevenson, M. 14/73 Tscharntke, T. 14/75 Stewart, M. 18/63 Tsobeng, A. 13/85 Stockdale, M. 14/75,76 Tushabe, H. 17/70 Stolton, S. 14/71; 15/72 Tutin, C. 17/71 Stoner, K.E. 16/75,76 Tyler, S.R. 14/75 Struebig, M.J. 17/72 Struhsaker, P.J. 13/85 U Struhsaker, T.T. 13/85 Uddin, M.B. 17/71,72 Studley, J. 16/76 Uddin, M.S. 17/72 Stupak, M. 17/71 Uehara-Prado, M. 15/76 Subedi, B.P. 14/75,76 Underwood, E.C. 17/72 Suich, H. 18/65 Underwood, F.M. 16/73 Sullivan, T.P. 18/63 UNEP 13/85; 18/65 Sun, S. 18/65 Sundararaj, R. 18/64 V Sunderlin, W.D. 13/85; 15/74; 16/76 Vadez, V. 15/73 Suryanarayanan, T.S. 13/83 Valdebenito, H. 14/74(S) Svenning, J.C. 15/76; 17/72 Valladares, G. 15/72 Vallauri, D. 13/83 T Van Rompaey, R.S.A.R. 15/74 Taafaki, I.J. 15/76 Vanaraj, G. 13/79 Tabuti, J.R.S. 15/76 Vandebroek, I. 17/69 Tacio, H.D. 13/80 Vargas, P.N. 15/75 Tagwira, F. 18/64 Vázquez-García, J.A. 13/85(S) Takada, T. 14/74 Veddeler, D. 14/75 Tamoufe, U. 15/74 Velarde, S.J. 14/72 Tan, A.K.J. 15/76 Vellak, A. 16/76 Tan, Y.C. 13/82 Vellak, K. 16/76 Tanabe, S.I. 16/75 Vera, C.H. 13/85(S) Tang, Z.Y. 15/76 Vergeres, C. 16/75(F) Tanner, S. 15/73 Verhaegen, D. 13/79 Tarafdar, J.C. 14/74 Villareal-Ruiz, L. 15/75 Taylor, D.A. 14/75; 15/77 Vizzini, A. 18/64 Taylor, L. 16/76 Vovides, A.P. 17/70 Tchatat, M. 14/75; 16/75 Vulinec, K. 16/75 Tchignoumba, L. 15/74 Tchoundjeu, Z. 13/85; 16/74; 18/63 W Te Velde, D.W. 14/74; 15/76 Wadt, L.H.O. 17/72 Teder, T. 16/76 Waerdt, J. van de 14/73 Telfer, P. 13/85 Waldon, J. 17/71 Tembo, L. 18/64 Waller, D.M. 14/75 Tengo, M. 17/72 Walter, S. 13/85 Tewari, B.P. 14/75 Wanderley, M.D.L. 13/81 Tewari, D.D. 13/83; 17/72 Wang, B.C. 16/76 Thaman, R.R. 15/76 Wang ShengYang 15/76 Thoisy, B. de 13/80 Wang, Z.H. 15/76 Thomas, M.T. 17/71; 18/64 Wardell-Johnson, G. 17/72 Thomas, N.T. 15/74 Waylen, K. 14/75 Thompson, C. 17/71 Webb, E.L. 15/72 Thompson, I. 17/72 Weber, J.C. 13/81 Thor, G. 17/69 Wedge, D. 13/85 Ticktin, T. 14/75; 15/76; 16/76; 17/70 Wein, R.W. 14/73 Tieguhong, J.C. 18/65 Weise, S.F. 16/75 Tipán, L. 13/79(S) Wemin, J. 18/64 Tito, M.R. 17/71 Wen, S. 14/75 Tol, G. van 17/71 Wenban-Smith, M. 15/76 Tomimatsu, H. 14/74 Weyerhaeuser, H. 14/75 Touza, J. 17/69 Whitehead, A.N. 15/76; 16/76 Trauernicht, C. 14/75; 15/76 Whitehead, P.J. 13/84 137

Whittaker, R.J. 18/63 WHO 17/72 Wickramasinghe, W.A.R. 14/72 Wicks, N. 16/73 Wiegmann, S.M. 14/75 Wiersum, K.F. 14/74; 15/72 Wilcove, D.S. 14/75 Wilkie, D. 15/76; 17/71 Wilkie, D.S. 13/85; 15/73; 16/73 Willcox, A.S. 15/74; 16/76 William, J. 18/63 Williams, P.H. 13/79 Williams-Linera, G 13/85 Williamson, G.B. 14/75 Williamson, M. 17/69 Willis, C.K. 13/79 Willis, K.J. 16/76; 18/63 Wilsey, D.S. 18/65 Wilson, K.A. 17/72 Wolfe, N.D. 15/74 Wood, D. 13/82 World Bank 15/76 Wright, S.J. 14/75; 16/75,76 Wunder, S. 16/76 Wurtz, T.L. 15/75 WWF 14/75; 16/76 WWF-NL 17/70

Y Yan Xiao 18/65 Yao, C.Y.A. 15/74 Yu, D.W. 17/71; 18/64

Z Zambrana, N.Y.P. 17/72 Zampieri, E. 18/64 Zé, A.A. 18/65(F) Zerbe, S. 17/72 Zhang, F.M. 15/74 Zhang, L. 18/65 Zhao, C.J. 14/75 Zheng, C.Y. 15/76 Zhou, W. 14/75 Zhu, H. 14/75 Zimmerman, B. 13/85 Zingerli, C. 14/72 Zoomers, A. 15/75