2.0 PHYSICAL FEATURES & CLIMATE 2.1 The extent of land and water in Eastern Province - 2019

Inland Water Land Area Total Area Density Bodies Description (Person/ Sq. Km) Sq. Km % Sq. Km % Sq. Km %

Trincomalee 2,529.40 27.02 197.60 31.14 2,727.00 27.28 171.26

Batticaloa 2,610.00 27.88 244.00 38.45 2,854.00 28.55 217.87

Ampara 4,222.00 45.10 193.00 30.41 4,415.00 44.17 175.73

Eastern Province 9,361.40 100.00 634.60 100.00 9,996.00 100.00 186.55

Source: Department of Land Administration - EPC & District Secretariats - Trincomalee, Batticaloa & Ampara

2.1.1 The extent of Total Area in Trincomalee District - 2019

Total Area % to District Density S.No DS Divisions (Km2) Total Area (Person/Km2)

01 Town & Gravetes 148 5.43 742.51

02 Kuchchaveli 438 16.06 97.27

03 Padavi Sripura 152 5.57 88.55

04 Gomarankadawela 288 10.56 30.77

05 Morawewa 329 12.06 30.40

06 Thampalagamam 226 8.29 156.64

07 Kantale 404 14.81 145.12

08 Kinniya 165 6.05 503.43

09 Seruvila 311 11.40 53.99

10 Muthur 195 7.15 377.16

11 Verugal 71 2.60 208.14

Total 2,727 100.00 171.26 Source: Department of Land Administration - EPC & District Secretariats - Trincomalee

Statistical Information - 2019 7

2.1.2 The extent of Total Area in Batticaloa District- 2019 Density Total Area % to District S.N. DS Divisions (Person / (Km2) Total Area Km2)

01 Koralaipattu North ( Vaharai ) 589 20.6 45.0 02 Koralaipattu Central 6 0.2 5,615.0 03 Koralaipattu West ( Oddamavady) 31 1.08 828.7 04 Koralaipattu( Valaichenai ) 37 1.29 739.1 05 Koralaipattu South ( Kiran ) 620 21.7 48.3 06 Eravurpattru ( Chenkalady ) 695 24.35 115.7 07 Eravur Town 3 0.1 13,514.8 08 Manmunai North ( Batticaloa Town ) 68 2.4 1,366.1 09 Manmunai West ( Vavunativu ) 352 12.3 98.7 10 Kattankudy 6 0.2 8,125.2 11 Manmunaipattu (Arayampathy) 37 1.3 1,005.4 12 Manmunai South West (Paddipalai ) 157 5.5 181.0 13 Manmunai South & Eruvilpattu (Kaluwanchikudy) 63 2.2 1,111.3 14 Porathivupattu ( Vellavely ) 190 6.7 240.3 Total 2,854 100.0 217.9 Source: Department of Land Administration - EPC & District Secretariat– Batticaloa

2.1.3 The extent of Total Area in Ampara District - 2019 Density Total % to District S.N. DS Divisions (Person / Area (Km2) Total Area Km2) 01 Addalaichchenai 61 1.38 831.75 02 Alaiyadivembu 83 1.88 324.05 03 Akkaraipattu 50 1.13 976.68 04 Ampara 174 3.94 287.29 05 Damana 538 12.19 84.10 06 Dehiyatakandiya 383 8.67 175.58 07 Irrakamam 75 1.70 244.52 08 Muslim Division 22 0.50 4,024.59 09 Kalmunai Tamil Division 10 Karaitivu 7 0.16 2,925.57 11 Lahugala 815 18.46 12.87 12 Mahaoya 667 15.11 37.50 13 Navithanvali 67 1.52 352.63 14 Nintavur 35 0.79 942.77 15 Padiyatalawa 379 8.58 56.66 16 Pottuvil 265 6.00 162.25 17 Sainthamaruthu 5 0.11 6,388.80 18 Sammanthurai 120 2.72 623.80 19 Thirukkovil 184 4.17 163.51 20 Uhana 485 10.99 136.31 Total 4,415 100.00 175.73 Source: Department of Land Administration - EPC & District Secretariat - Ampra

8 Statistical Information - 2019

2.2 Land use pattern in Eastern Province - 2019 Trincomalee Batticaloa Ampara Eastern Province Nature of Land Area(Hec) % Area(Hec) % Area(Hec) % Area(Hec) % Forest 81,710.00 29.96 42,382.00 14.85 152,194.0 34.47 276,286.0 26.43 Home Garden 18,830.00 6.91 12,288.00 4.31 42,641.0 9.66 73,759.0 6.96

Paddy Lands 36,166.56 13.26 69,224.02 24.26 97,268.0 22.03 202,658.6 19.85

Perennial Crops 2,420.00 0.89 24.6.21 0.84 7,259.0 1.64 12,085.2 1.12 Major Crops 448.28 0.16 6,688.60 2.34 2,453.0 0.56 11,561.6 1.26 Other Field Crops 49,832.44 18.27 22,006.00 7.71 16,865.0 3.82 88,703.4 9.93 Large inland water 19,760.00 7.25 24,400.00 8.55 30,782.0 6.97 74,942.0 7.59 Abandoned land 11,951.00 4.38 8,341.00 2.92 128.0 0.03 20,420.0 2.44 Built up Land 1,230.00 0.45 9,944.00 3.48 3,966.0 0.90 15,140.0 1.61

Scrub / Chena 33,490.00 12.28 61,942.00 21.70 74,811.0 16.94 170,243.0 16.97

Others 16,861.72 6.18 25,778.17 9.03 13,133.0 2.97 53,801.2 5.82 Total 272,700.0 100 285,400.0 100 441,500.0 100 999,600.0 100 Source: Department of Census and District Statistical Hand Book - 2019-Trincomalee, Batticaloa & Ampara

2.3 Distribution of Coastal Marine Ecosystems in Eastern Province Other Salt , District Mangroves Dunes Beach Water Marshes Marshes bodies Trincomalee 2,043 1,401 - 671 18,317 2,180 1,129 Batticaloa 1,303 2,186 - 1,489 13,682 2,365 968 Ampara 1,000 1,270 357 1,398 7,235 1,171 894 Eastern 4,346 4,857 357 3,558 39,234 5,716 2,919 Province National 12,189 23,819 7,609 11,800 158,017 18,839 9,754 Highlights 35% 20% 5% 30% 25% 30% 28%

Source: Eastern Province Biodiversity Profile & Conservation Action Plan - Ministry of Environment

2.4 Climate 2.4.1 Mean Temperature and Annual Rainfall of Eastern Province - (2017 -2019) 2017 2018 2019

District Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Temp. Rainfall Temp. Rainfall Temp. Rainfall (0C) (mm) (0C) (mm) (0C) (mm) Trincomalee 28.7 1,778.8 28.2 2,031.3 28.7 1,525.9 Batticaloa 28.4 1,677.8 28.3 1,766.3 29.2 2,158.2 Ampara 28.4 1,474.7 27.0 1,525.6 27.4 2,058.4 Source: Department of Meteorology

Statistical Information - 2019 9

2.4.2 Monthly Mean Temperature and Rainfall of Eastern Province - (2017 -2019)

2017 2018 2019

Month Mean Mean Mean Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Temp. Temp. Temp. (mm) (mm) (mm) (0C) (0C) (0C) Trincomalee January 26.10 179.70 25.70 12.30 26.30 16.60 February 26.50 18.60 26.90 207.50 27.50 126.60 March 27.60 234.80 27.90 15.20 28.50 0.00 April 30.30 0.00 29.10 51.10 30.00 4.70 May 30.70 40.00 29.00 298.40 31.40 38.10 June 31.40 1.40 30.40 91.70 31.80 6.60 July 31.00 171.90 30.10 18.40 30.90 74.00 August 29.60 106.60 30.20 85.40 30.40 22.60 September 29.00 94.90 29.40 26.20 29.00 167.40 October 28.80 277.40 27.20 401.80 27.60 204.90 November 27.20 510.90 26.70 473.80 27.60 307.30 December 26.80 142.60 26.30 349.50 29.10 557.10 Batticaloa January 25.80 338.20 25.70 24.50 26.30 169.40 February 26.50 22.10 26.40 213.80 27.50 151.90 March 27.80 131.60 27.80 133.40 28.20 23.20 April 29.50 4.90 29.00 73.30 29.70 49.70 May 30.50 7.70 29.40 65.90 30.30 0.00 June 30.60 33.10 30.30 50.40 31.10 15.60 July 30.30 77.50 30.50 6.00 30.20 9.20 August 29.60 196.70 30.30 122.30 30.30 82.00 September 28.80 87.40 29.00 8.60 28.80 176.50 October 28.30 214.50 28.00 200.40 27.60 446.80 November 27.40 417.10 27.10 600.10 27.60 547.80 December 26.60 147.00 26.40 267.60 26.80 486.10 Ampara January 29.80 378.10 26.15 41.30 26.50 137.10 February 26.35 194.10 26.85 166.00 26.50 127.10 March 28.00 95.40 27.90 153.00 27.50 22.20 April 29.70 0.30 28.75 70.40 28.00 38.00 May 30.40 29.60 29.30 166.40 28.50 0.00 June 30.60 1.10 30.65 103.40 27.50 21.50 July 30.20 23.50 30.00 52.40 28.00 88.50 August 30.00 21.80 12.60 13.90 27.50 165.00 September 25.20 24.70 29.20 34.20 27.50 74.60 October 29.15 131.50 28.05 248.90 27.00 220.40 November 27.55 375.40 27.55 335.20 27.00 517.60 December 27.15 199.20 26.70 140.50 27.00 646.40 Source: Department of Meteorology & Yala National Park Weather Station

10 Statistical Information - 2019

2.5 Designated Wildlife Protected areas in Eastern Province

District Location Area (ha) Category Highlights

Kokkilai One of the oldest 2,995 Sanctuary Sanctuary Sanctuaries in the country Only the terrestrial part is Pigeon Island 5 National Park protected (coral reef is not) Naval Headworks Area west of About 12,000 Sanctuary Trincomalee Sanctuuary Tambalagam Bay Great Sober Island 65 Sanctuary In Trincomalee Bay

Little Sober Island 5 Sanctuary In Trincomalee Bay Seruwilla - Ella Includes western part of 15,540 Sanctuary Sanctuary Ullackalie Lagoon Trikonomadu Nature Includes western shores of Batticaloa About 5,000 National Reserve Reserve Upaar Lagoon Sagama (Sakamam) West of Periya About 600 Sanctuary Sanctuary Kalapuwa Lagoon Lahugala - Kitulana Along road from Pottuvil About 1,000 National Park NP west to Lahugala Kudumbigala Extension from yala East to 4,403 Sanctuary Sanctuary Okanda Ampara Yala East NP 17,864 National Park Kumana to Kirigala Bay

Gal Oya 25,800 National Park -

Gal NE 12,400 Sanctuary - SE 15,200 Sanctuary - (Buddangala) Trincomalee/ Flood Plains - National Park - Polonnaruwa

Somawathya About 37,645 National Park - Batticaloa/ Polonnaruwa Nature Triconamadu About 25,019 - Reserve Source: Eastern Province Biodiversity Profile & Conservation Action Plan - Ministry of Environment

2.6 Forest 2.6.1 Forest Area in Eastern Province

Percentage to Percentage to Total District Area (Ha) Total Area Forest Area Trincomalee 81,710 29.96 29.57

Batticaloa 42,382 14.85 15.34

Ampara 152,194 34.47 55.09

Eastern Province 276,286 27.64 100.00

Source: Department of Census

Statistical Information - 2019 11

2.6.2 Distribution of Forest Ecosystems in Trincomalee District Ha Number Average Total Minimum Maximum Forest Type of Patches Area Area Area Area Brackish & Water 41.00 1,045.82 42,878.65 1.35 35,443.34 Dry Monsoon forest 383.00 80.37 30,783.23 0.10 3,161.71

Eucalypts 4.00 38.02 152.10 7.03 62.08 Fresh water 184.00 31.12 5,726.27 0.24 1,118.13 Mangroves 74.00 18.03 1,334.62 0.57 663.53

Moist Monsoon 1.00 39.85 3.98 3.98 3.98 forest Non- forest 614.00 101.29 62,192.22 0.94 35,075.28 Riverine dry forest 13.00 140.28 1,823.65 0.21 1,141.81

2.6.3 Distribution of Forest Ecosystems in Batticaloa District Ha Number Average Total Minimum Forest Type Maximum of Patches Area Area Area Brackish & Water 34.00 56.18 1,910.43 0.28 1,373.65 Dry Monsoon forest 203.00 82.03 16,653.26 0.28 6,364.39 Fresh water 98.00 50.97 4,995.74 0.10 1,021.30 Mangroves 127.00 13.04 1,656.38 0.29 192.80 Moist Monsoon 185.00 70.23 12,994.08 0.16 8,438.84 forest Non- forest 288.00 80.05 23,054.81 0.12 11,330.90 Space & open 191.00 57.79 11,039.01 0.65 3,000.33 Forest Teak 41.00 97.63 4,002.84 2.81 3,039.31

2.6.4 Distribution of Forest Ecosystems in Ampara District Ha Number Average Total Minimum Maximum Forest Type of Patches Area Area Area Area Brackish & Water 11.00 - 439.36 0.49 153.11 Dry Monsoon 293.00 - 67,921.18 0.27 29,490.04 forest Eucalypts 2.00 - 61.03 16.91 44.12 Fresh water 218.00 - 19,894.45 0.21 4,181.08 Mangroves 33.00 - 299.00 0.18 88.76 Moist Monsoon 674.00 - 44,074.98 0.10 7,866.01 forest Non- forest 1,967.00 - 67,475.77 0.10 26,221.66 Riverine dry 109.00 - 7,534.49 0.39 2,019.08 forest Space & open 593.00 - 227,198.03 0.15 190,397.61 forest Teak 176.00 - 4,572.38 0.84 251.51 Source: Eastern Province Biodiversity Profile & Conservation Action Plan - Ministry of Environment

12 Statistical Information - 2019