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Software Distributor Administration Guide for HP-UX 11I
Software Distributor Administration Guide for HP-UX 11i HP Computers Manufacturing Part Number: B2355-90754 June 2002, Edition 3 © Copyright 2002 Hewlett-Packard Company. Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, California 94304 U.S.A. Use of this document and any supporting software media supplied for this pack is restricted to this product only. Additional copies of the programs may be made for security and back-up purposes only. Resale of the programs, in their present form or with alterations, is expressly prohibited. Copyright Notice Copyright 1997-2002 Hewlett-Packard Company. All rights reserved. -
11.7 the Windows 2000 File System
830 CASE STUDY 2: WINDOWS 2000 CHAP. 11 11.7 THE WINDOWS 2000 FILE SYSTEM Windows 2000 supports several file systems, the most important of which are FAT-16, FAT-32, and NTFS (NT File System). FAT-16 is the old MS-DOS file system. It uses 16-bit disk addresses, which limits it to disk partitions no larger than 2 GB. FAT-32 uses 32-bit disk addresses and supports disk partitions up to 2 TB. NTFS is a new file system developed specifically for Windows NT and car- ried over to Windows 2000. It uses 64-bit disk addresses and can (theoretically) support disk partitions up to 264 bytes, although other considerations limit it to smaller sizes. Windows 2000 also supports read-only file systems for CD-ROMs and DVDs. It is possible (even common) to have the same running system have access to multiple file system types available at the same time. In this chapter we will treat the NTFS file system because it is a modern file system unencumbered by the need to be fully compatible with the MS-DOS file system, which was based on the CP/M file system designed for 8-inch floppy disks more than 20 years ago. Times have changed and 8-inch floppy disks are not quite state of the art any more. Neither are their file systems. Also, NTFS differs both in user interface and implementation in a number of ways from the UNIX file system, which makes it a good second example to study. NTFS is a large and complex system and space limitations prevent us from covering all of its features, but the material presented below should give a reasonable impression of it. -
File Permissions Do Not Restrict Root
Filesystem Security 1 General Principles • Files and folders are managed • A file handle provides an by the operating system opaque identifier for a • Applications, including shells, file/folder access files through an API • File operations • Access control entry (ACE) – Open file: returns file handle – Allow/deny a certain type of – Read/write/execute file access to a file/folder by – Close file: invalidates file user/group handle • Access control list (ACL) • Hierarchical file organization – Collection of ACEs for a – Tree (Windows) file/folder – DAG (Linux) 2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) • Users can protect what they own – The owner may grant access to others – The owner may define the type of access (read/write/execute) given to others • DAC is the standard model used in operating systems • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) – Alternative model not covered in this lecture – Multiple levels of security for users and documents – Read down and write up principles 3 Closed vs. Open Policy Closed policy Open Policy – Also called “default secure” • Deny Tom read access to “foo” • Give Tom read access to “foo” • Deny Bob r/w access to “bar” • Give Bob r/w access to “bar • Tom: I would like to read “foo” • Tom: I would like to read “foo” – Access denied – Access allowed • Tom: I would like to read “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access allowed – Access denied 4 Closed Policy with Negative Authorizations and Deny Priority • Give Tom r/w access to “bar” • Deny Tom write access to “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
Interesting Things You Didn't Know You Could Do With
Interesting Things You Didn’t Know You Could Do With ZFS Allan Jude -- ScaleEngine Inc. [email protected] twitter: @allanjude Introduction Allan Jude ● 13 Years as FreeBSD Server Admin ● FreeBSD src/doc committer (focus: ZFS, bhyve, ucl, xo) ● Co-Author of “FreeBSD Mastery: ZFS” and upcoming “FreeBSD Mastery: Advanced ZFS” with M. W. Lucas ● Architect of the ScaleEngine CDN (HTTP and Video) ● Host of BSDNow.tv & TechSNAP.tv Podcasts ● Use ZFS for large collections of videos, extremely large website caches, mirrors of PC-BSD pkgs and RaspBSD ● Single Handedly Manage Over 1000TB of ZFS Storage The Power of ZFS ● Integrated Redundancy (Mirroring, RAID-Z) ● Data Integrity Checking (Checksums, Scrub) ● Pooled Storage (Hot Add Disks) ● Multi-Level Cache (ARC, L2ARC, SLOG) ● Copy-on-Write (no fsck) ● Snapshots and Clones ● Quotas and Reservations ● Transparent Compression (LZ4, GZIP1-9) ● Incremental Replication (zfs send/recv) ● Datasets with Individual Inherited Properties ● Custom Properties ● Fine Grained Delegation Applying That Power ZFS has many features, but how can I use them to solve my problems? ZFS has a very well designed command line user interface, making it very easy for a sysadmin to perform common tasks (add more storage, create new datasets, change settings and properties), accomplish things that were not possible before, as well as extract a great deal more information from the storage system. ZFS Was Meant To Be Scripted # zfs list -Hp -r -o name,refer,logicalreferenced sestore5/mysql02 22001288628 24331078144 sestore5/omicron -
File Systems
“runall” 2002/9/24 page 305 CHAPTER 10 File Systems 10.1 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF FILE MANAGEMENT 10.2 HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF A FILE SYSTEM 10.3 THE USER’S VIEW OF FILES 10.4 FILE DIRECTORIES 10.5 BASIC FILE SYSTEM 10.6 DEVICE ORGANIZATION METHODS 10.7 PRINCIPLES OF DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS 10.8 IMPLEMENTING DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEM Given that main memory is volatile, i.e., does not retain information when power is turned off, and is also limited in size, any computer system must be equipped with secondary memory on which the user and the system may keep information for indefinite periods of time. By far the most popular secondary memory devices are disks for random access purposes and magnetic tapes for sequential, archival storage. Since these devices are very complex to interact with, and, in multiuser systems are shared among different users, operating systems (OS) provide extensive services for managing data on secondary memory. These data are organized into files, which are collections of data elements grouped together for the purposes of access control, retrieval, and modification. A file system is the part of the operating system that is responsible for managing files and the resources on which these reside. Without a file system, efficient computing would essentially be impossible. This chapter discusses the organization of file systems and the tasks performed by the different components. The first part is concerned with general user and implementation aspects of file management emphasizing centralized systems; the last sections consider extensions and methods for distributed systems. 10.1 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF FILE MANAGEMENT The file system, in collaboration with the I/O system, has the following three basic functions: 1. -
Using Hierarchical Folders and Tags for File Management
Using Hierarchical Folders and Tags for File Management A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Shanshan Ma in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2010 © Copyright 2010 Shanshan Ma. All Rights Reserved. ii Dedications This dissertation is dedicated to my mother. iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Susan Wiedenbeck. She encouraged me when I had struggles. She inspired me when I had doubts. The dissertation is nowhere to be found if it had not been for our weekly meetings and numerous discussions. I’m in great debts to all the time and effort that she spent with me in this journey. Thank you to my dissertation committee members, Dr. Michael Atwood, Dr. Xia Lin, Dr. Denise Agosto, and Dr. Deborah Barreau, who have guided me and supported me in the research. The insights and critiques from the committee are invaluable in the writing of this dissertation. I am grateful to my family who love me unconditionally. Thank you my mother for teaching me to be a strong person. Thank you my father and my brother for always being there for me. I would like to thank the iSchool at Drexel University for your generosity in supporting my study and research, for your faculty and staff members who I always had fun to work with, and for the alumni garden that is beautiful all year round. Thank you my friends in Philadelphia and my peer Ph.D. students in the iSchool at Drexel University. -
Changeman ZMF Java/Zfs Getting Started Guide
ChangeManZMF Java / zFS Getting Started Guide © Copyright 2010 - 2018 Micro Focus or one of its affiliates. This document, as well as the software described in it, is furnished under license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Serena. Any reproduction of such software product user documentation, regardless of whether the documentation is reproduced in whole or in part, must be accompanied by this copyright statement in its entirety, without modification. The only warranties for products and services of Micro Focus and its affiliates and licensors ("Micro Focus") are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. Micro Focus shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Contains Confidential Information. Except as specifically indicated otherwise, a valid license is required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license. Third party programs included with the ChangeMan ZMF product are subject to a restricted use license and can only be used in conjunction with ChangeMan ZMF. -
Introduction to ISO 9660
Disc Manufacturing, Inc. A QUIXOTE COMPANY Introduction to ISO 9660, what it is, how it is implemented, and how it has been extended. Clayton Summers Copyright © 1993 by Disc Manufacturing, Inc. All rights reserved. WHO IS DMI? Disc Manufacturing, Inc. (DMI) manufactures all compact disc formats (i.e., CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CDI, PHOTO CD, 3DO, KARAOKE, etc.) at two plant sites in the U.S.; Huntsville, AL, and Anaheim, CA. To help you, DMI has one of the largest Product Engineering/Technical Support staff and sales force dedicated solely to CD-ROM in the industry. The company has had a long term commitment to optical disc technology and has performed developmental work and manufactured (laser) optical discs of various types since 1981. In 1983, DMI manufactured the first compact disc in the United States. DMI has developed extensive mastering expertise during this time and is frequently called upon by other companies to provide special mastering services for products in development. In August 1991, DMI purchased the U.S. CD-ROM business from the Philips and Du Pont Optical Company (PDO). PDO employees in sales, marketing and technical services were retained. DMI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Quixote Corporation, a publicly owned corporation whose stock is traded on the NASDAQ exchange as QUIX. Quixote is a diversified technology company composed of Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. (manufactures highway crash cushions), Stenograph Corporation (manufactures shorthand machines and computer systems for court reporting) and Disc Manufacturing, Inc. We would be pleased to help you with your CD project or answer any questions you may have. -
430 File Systems Chap
430 FILE SYSTEMS CHAP. 6 6.4 EXAMPLE FILE SYSTEMS In the following sections we will discuss several example file systems, rang- ing from quite simple to highly sophisticated. Since modern UNIX file systems and Windows 2000’s native file system are covered in the chapter on UNIX (Chap. 10) and the chapter on Windows 2000 (Chap. 11) we will not cover those systems here. We will, however, examine their predecessors below. 6.4.1 CD-ROM File Systems As our first example of a file system, let us consider the file systems used on CD-ROMs. These systems are particularly simple because they were designed for write-once media. Among other things, for example, they have no provision for keeping track of free blocks because on a CD-ROM files cannot be freed or added after the disk has been manufactured. Below we will take a look at the main CD- ROM file system type and two extensions to it. The ISO 9660 File System The most common standard for CD-ROM file systems was adopted as an International Standard in 1988 under the name ISO 9660. Virtually every CD- ROM currently on the market is compatible with this standard, sometimes with the extensions to be discussed below. One of the goals of this standard was to make every CD-ROM readable on every computer, independent of the byte order- ing used and independent of the operating system used. As a consequence, some limitations were placed on the file system to make it possible for the weakest operating systems then in use (such as MS-DOS) to read it. -
Comparative Analysis of Distributed and Parallel File Systems' Internal Techniques
Comparative Analysis of Distributed and Parallel File Systems’ Internal Techniques Viacheslav Dubeyko Content 1 TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ 4 2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 5 3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ....................................................................... 5 4 FILE SYSTEM FEATURES CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................ 5 4.1 Distributed File Systems ............................................................................................................................ 6 4.1.1 HDFS ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 4.1.2 GFS (Google File System) ....................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.3 InterMezzo ............................................................................................................................................ 9 4.1.4 CodA .................................................................................................................................................... 10 4.1.5 Ceph.................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.6 DDFS .................................................................................................................................................. -
File Systems Performance Analysis
File Systems Performance Analysis Benchmarking project for the lecture Computer Performance Analysing And Benchmarking lectured by Prof. Thomas M. Stricker at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Written by Stefan Rondinelli File Systems Performance Analysis Project CONTENTS 0 Introduction 2 1 The Environment 2 1.1 The Hardware 2 1.2 The Software 3 2 Performing the Benchmark 4 2.1 The Proceeding 4 2.2 The Output 5 3 Statistical Analysis of the Data 6 3.1 Computation of Effects 6 3.2 Confidence Intervals 7 3.3 Are the File Systems Significantly Different? 8 4 References 10 - 1 - File Systems Performance Analysis Project 0 Introduction Every operating system has its own file systems. For example Windows uses FAT16(File Allocation Table 16(bits)), FAT32(File Allocation Table 32) and NTFS(Windows NT File System), Linux uses Minix fs, Extended fs and ext2 and a Mac has its (discarded) MFS(Macintosh file system) and HFS(Hierarchical File System) file systems. Sometimes file systems of other operating systems are supported what for example is desired in a dual boot system (e.g. Linux and Windows). When using such a dual boot machine with Linux and Windows, the performance of a file system could be one of the considerations when choosing what file systems to use for the different partitions. In this project I am going to benchmark some file systems and finally to analyze the gathered data statistically as learned in the lecture. 1 The Environment 1.1 The Hardware I used the following hardware for the performance analysis: - CPU: AMD K6II 450Mhz (has a 64kB cache) - RAM: 64MB SDRAM - Hard disk 1: Western Digital Caviar 36400 (6 GB) - Hard disk 2: Western Digital Caviar 33200 (3 GB) - Disk controller: IDE for both hard disks To have the same conditions these components affecting the I/O speed must be the same ones for all the measurements of the performance of the different file systems otherwise the differences in the measured data would rather be due to unequal hardware then to the different implementation of a file system.