JANUARY 21, 1977 25 CENTS VOLUME 41 I NUMBER 2

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

SPECIAL STEEL ISSUE

hat a Sadlowski victory can mean -STEEL SUPPLEMENT, PAGES 15-20 MilitanVStu Singer -ELECTION NEWS, PAGES 4,5 Ed Sadlowski, insurgent candidate for top union post

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~ '{·'':/',;/-').:·< THIS In Brief WEEK'S SUPPORT BUILDS IN MICH. FREE SPEECH Christmas Eve fire that killed twelve people. FIGHT: MIT Prof. Noam Chomsky. Joe Madison, president Militant correspondent Joyce Stoller reports that neigh­ MILITANT of the Detroit NAACP. Edith Tiger, director of the National bors protested the fatal consequences of the lack of bilingual fire fighters in Chicago. Rescue operations were crippled 4 Steel election battle Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. Eqbal Ahmad of the Institute for Policy Studies. Lehman Brightman of the because firemen were unable to communicate with people enters final weeks Native American studies ·department at Contra Costa trapped in the burning building. 5 Perspectiva Mundial: College. Mary Gonzales, speaking for the Pilsen Neighbors 'A real breakthrough' These are among the new endorsers of the Committee for Community Council, charged that three of the city's four Free Speech. The committee was set up to defend three snorkel rescue units were used to fight a warehouse fire 6 Hoosiers, Georgians members of the Young Socialist A1liance who each face where no human lives were threatened at the same time five demand: 'Ratify the ERA!' penalties of up to $1,650 in fines and six months in jail on people were consumed in the January 2 blaze. 7 Where Gary Tyler charges of "criminal trespass" and "illegally occupying a "What it comes down to," Gonzales said, "is what do the case stands today university building by force." firemen consider more important, human lives or private The three-Brigid Douglas, Tom Smith, and Jim property?" 8 New FBI guidelines Garrison-were arrested October 20 while distributing authorize informers Socialist Workers election campaign literature outside a CALIF. CONFERENCE AGAINST BAKKE RULING: M~chigan A January 15 conference to organize statewide opposition to 12 YSA sets campaigns on public meeting at Central University in Mount Pleasant. A pretrial hearing in their case is set for January the Bakke decision will take place at 12:00 noon in 155 Africa, women's rights 20. Dwinelle on the Berkeley campus of the University of 14 Gov't pesticide control The Committee for Free Speech is sponsoring a rally at California. program called flop CMU on January 27. The committee is asking that The Bakke decision is a September 16 ruling by the telegrams demanding the dropping of all charges be sent to California Supreme Court attacking special admissions 15 Steel union President Harold Abel, Warriner Hall, CMU, Mount programs for nonwhite students in the University of election fight Pleasant, Michigan 48859. Copies of these telegrams, as California system. If left standing, the Bakke ruling would 16 Sadlowski speaks well as donations and new endorsements, should be sent to devastate the affirmative-action educational gains of out on steel issues the committee at Post Office Box 626, Mount Pleasant, Blacks, Chicanos, and Native Americans won in the 1960s. Michigan 48858. The conference was called by the Bay Area Coalition 18 Behind the Against the Bakke Decision. It has been endorsed by Black 'outsider' charge MINN. COALITION TO PROTEST FBI HARASS­ Scholar publisher Robert Chrisman; the Association of MENT: A January 27 rally at the University of Minneso­ 19 Shanker vs. Women in Struggle; Lehman Brightman; attorney Howard ta's Coffman Union will protest surveillance and harass­ Moore; the East Bay chapter of the National Organization Sadlowski ment by the FBI of a wide range of Minnesota for Women; Harry Edwards, professor of sociology at UC 20 Dissident steelworker organizations. The rally is being sponsored by the newly Berkeley; and others. elected in Houston formed Minnesota Citizens' Review Commission on the FBI. James Bell, president of the Hastings Black Law Students The rally will be followed by hearings February 3-6 where Association, and Carol Deberry, president of the East Bay 28 Washington's terrorist local groups will present testimony on FBI violations of chapter of the Coalition of Labor Union Women, will international democratic rights. address the conference. 29 Juan Haro faces Among the organizations sponsoring these protests are For more information call (415) 642-4136. Colorado frame-up the American Friends Service Committee, American Indian Movement, Clergy and Laity Concerned, Honeywell Project, SUPER BOWL FANS, PLEASE NOTE: Following all Twin Cities National Organization for Women, and Social­ 2 In Brief the recent hoopla, you should not forget that women do a lot ist Workers party. more than wave pompoms and hop around like bunny 10 In Our Opinion For more information contact the coalition c/o Minnesota rabbits while the big guys score. Letters Church Center, 122 West Franklin Avenue, Room 320, It's a good time for this good news: Sports Illustrated has Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404. named tennis champ Chris Evert top athlete of the year. In 11 American Way of Life 1972 the magazine named Billie Jean King sportswoman of ;La Aaza en Acci6n! 'ETHNIC PURITY' REIGNS IN PLAINS: Remember the year along with a sportsman. But now the double how then-candidate Jimmy Carter "desegregated" his little 27 In Review criteria and honors have been dropped. No man shares ole church down in Plains last October? There was only one Evert's title. catch. The application by Black minister Clennon King to WORLD OUTLOOK Also, six other women were cited for special mention: ice join the Plains Baptist Church-and any other applications skater Dorothy Hamill; skier and cyclist Sheila Young; 21 Southern Africa: from Blacks to enter that particular house of the Lord-was flashpoint of revolution golfer Judy Ranking; West German skier Rosi Mittermaier; referred to a church watch care committee. East German swimmer Kornelia Ender; and gymnast Nadia 23 Radicalization continues On Januray 9 the committee finally made its recommen­ Comaneci. advance in W. Europe dation. It urged the congregation, which on that day Also, the Associated Press named Comaneci Female included president-elect Jimmy Carter, to reject applications Athlete of the Year. -Peter Seidman 26 China after Mao: from Reverend King and two of his supporters (one of whom Hua steers new course was also Black). The congregation accepted the recommen­ dation "without opposition." Although the service was closed to the press, church secretary Hugh Carter justified the decision by saying that THE MILITANT King never appeared before the watch care committee after Our party is being invited. King says he never received an invitation. VOLUME 41/NUMBER 2 Hugh Carter also said the Black minister had "not shown JANUARY 21, 1977 a willingness to cooperate in carrying out the goals and CLOSING NEWS DATE-JAN. 12 your party! objectives" of the Plains Baptist Church. Seems the only way a Black person could do that would be by staying as far Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS IF YOU AGREE with what you have been reading in Managing Editor: NELSON BLACKSTOCK away as possible! the Militant, now is the time to join the Socialist Business Manager: HARVEY McARTHUR Workers party.... OUR PARTY is made up of Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING ANTI-A-BOMB BANNERS BANNED TOO: After working people like you. The more who join, the Washington Bureau: NANCY COLE unfurling a banner reading "Nuclear Weapons Massacre better we can fight together against war and racism, PubliShed weekly by The Militant Publlshmg Ass'n , the Innocent" within sight of Jimmy Carter's home in and for decent living and working conditions .... 14 Charles· Lane, New York. NY. 10014. Telephone: Plains, antiwar activist Philip Berrigan and six others were JOIN US and help us build a better world, a socialist Ed1torial Off1ce (212) 243-6392; Busmess Office arrested January 8. 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2 Protests,. court challenges continue Utah to shoot Gary Gilmore January 17 By Jose G. Perez Nonetheless, the American Civil ,------;;;;..____ _ AB Gary Gilmore was entering what Liberties Union decided January 10 to may be the last week of his life, Utah file friend-of-the-court briefs in support authorities were making final prepara- of a request by two other Utah death Reid: 'A relic of barbarism' tions for what they expect to be the row prisoners that Gilmore's execution Following is a statement by first legal execution in a decade. be put off. Willie Mae Reid released in New At sunset January 9, shots rang out The two men are appealing death York January 12. Reid is a on the Utah State Prison firing range. sentences handed down to them on the member of the Socialist Workers The word among the prisoners was basis that Utah's law is unconstitu­ party National Committee and that Gary Gilmore's firing squad was tional under recent Supreme Court was the party's candidate for practicing. decisions. vice-president in 1976. But prison officials have drawn a Their lawyers argue that if Gilmore veil of secrecy around their prepara- is killed, courts will be hesitant to The Socialist Workers party op­ tions and would not comment. throw out a death penalty statute that poses the execution of Gary Gilmore "I can't see any legal way that has already been applied. and of the hundreds of other prison­ anybody can stop this execution now," The Utah Citizens Against the ers on death rows across this coun­ said Gilmore's lawyer. And prison Death Penalty have announced a try. officials agreed. "They'll go through January 15 rally to demand that no We oppose the idea that the with it this time," the head of the executions take place. It will be held at government has a right to kill peo­ prison said. 2:00 p.m. in the auditorium of the State ple. Office Building in Salt Lake City. Gilmore's execution will open the Speakers will include Henry floodgates of legal murder. Jerry Schwartzchild, an official of the na­ Lane Jurek is scheduled to be tional ACLU who also serves as a electrocuted in Texas only two days coordinator of the National Coalition after Gilmore is shot. Against the Death Penalty; Rev. Ro­ America's wealthy rulers tell us bert Anderson, dean of St. Mark's that capital punishment expresses Episcopal Cathedral; a representative society's moral outrage at crime. of the NAACP; and others. They tell us it no longer discrimi­ The coalition is also sponsoring a nates against oppressed minorities predawn picket line January 17 if and the poor. This is a lie. About Gilmore's execution isn't stayed. half of those under sentence of death Gilmore is scheduled to be shot at today are Blacks-the same propor­ sunrise on that day on the grounds of tion executed under the old laws that the Utah State Prison. The protest will were struck down as unconstitution­ be held outside the prison gates. al in 1972. Gary Gilmore is not the only person Our rulers tell us that capital WILLIE MAE REID facing execution during the third week punishment is a deterrent to crime. of January. Jerry Lane Jurek is This too is a lie. Many studies have scheduled to be electrocuted January shown that executions do not deter Gary Gilmore's execution must not 19 in Texas. A federal judge has crime. go unchallenged. The capitalists and authorized televising the execution. Crime is caused by capitalism, a their government have decided to Jurek has exhausted all appeals of social system that puts the private restore legalized murder. It is up to his conviction and sentence. But his profits of a few individuals above us, America's working people, to lawyers are trying to reintroduce the human needs. This social system stop them. case in court by filing motions saying breeds poverty, racist oppression, We need to reach out to Black Jurek is being held unconstitutionally. and sex discrimination. It is these groups, trade unions, campus organ­ Texas courts have already rejected conditions that drive people to des­ izations, women's groups, churches, the motion, which is now expected to peration and crime. and civil libertarians to organize go before a federal court. If the motion Capital punishment is a weapon of rallies, vigils, marches, and other is granted, Jurek's execution will be race and class oppression, not jus­ protests. We must organize a move­ stayed. tice. It is designed to reinforce the ment that can convince the majority Opponents of the death penalty in profit system by terrorizing the of the American people that the Texas are planning protests on Janu­ downtrodden, the outcast, the death penalty is a relic of barbarism. ary 15. They are also planning vigils hated-above all Blacks and other Hundreds of human lives depend before the Gilmore and Jurek execu­ minorities. on it. MilitanVBill Leiman tions if these are not stayed.

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THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 3 Steel election battle enters By Michael Gillespie Last month Lynn Williams, a candi­ date on the "official family'' slate in the United Steelworkers of America election, told a Chicago steelworker that the union campaign has three stages: the convention last August, the nominating period last November, and the membership referendum election in February. Williams asserted that insurgent candidate Ed Sadlowski had been beaten by outgoing USWA President I. W. Abel at the convention and by Lloyd McBride, Abel's chosen succes­ sor, in the nominations. That may be true, the steelworker replied. But only the last stage counts, and that's when the members vote.

Starting with the convention-which was stacked with hundreds of union staff representatives and local officers tied to the Abel bureaucracy-each . . . ·:· ''·.' t '! ~ .· successive "stage" of the campaign 'M i itantiR~'th 'l'fobin'ei't allows for a greater participation of the STEELWORKERS FIGHT BACK SLATE: From left, 'Nash' Rodriguez, secretary; Marvin Weinstock, vice-president union membership. (administration); Ed Sadlowski, president; Andrew Kmec, treasurer; Oliver Montgomery, vice-president (human affairs). The nominations voting shows that the more the ranks have a chance to express their opinion, the greater. is the this year. Local members could not put ness of the Fight Back campaign. ture, and organizers to reach all the support for Ed Sadlowski and his forward names from the floor at the Sadlowski ran well in basic steel and members. Steelworkers Fight Back slate. nominations meetings, but had to other major-industry-conference locals The Fight Back slate ran weakest in submit them in writing forty-eight in the Pittsburgh, Youngstown, Cleve­ the Deep South states and in Canada. MORE STEEL COVERAGE appears hours in advance. land, Detroit, and Chicago-Gary areas. In the South, physical intimidation on pages 15-20. This procedure-unfamiliar to most His slate received overwhelming sup­ of Sadlowski supporters was rampant. members-put a challenger at a disad­ port in many of the biggest locals. In Texas and elsewhere, Fight Back vantage against a machine-backed He was nominated by roughly one­ campaigners have been physically According to official union figures candidate. third of the 192 big locals, a much attacked. One was shot while leaflet­ released in January, a total of 521 There was no secret ballot in the higher proportion than Fight Back's 15 ing in Houston last summer. Local USW A locals nominated Sadlowski, overwhelming majority of locals, so percent ofthe total nominations. In the officers often show little pretense of far surpassing the 140 nominations that the pressure of staff representa­ Youngstown district and two of the following democratic procedures. needed for ballot status. tives and local officers was direct and three Pittsburgh-area districts, locals Steelworkers Fight Back faces a Nominations for the Fight Back intimidating. nominating Sadlowski represented a number of problems in Canada. There slate came from all of the union's This staff apparatus pressure was majority of the district membership. is an element of "favorite son" voting twenty-five geographic districts and united behind McBride. It was espe­ The big basic steel mills have pro­ from all of the major industry groups cially strong in the smaller shops, vided support for opposition move­ represented by the USW A. which are vulnerable to the whims and ments in the USWA since the 1950s. (Fewer than 400,000 of the USWA's reprisals of the international union , Workers in basic steel-and in other 1.4 million members work in basic steel staffperson who "represents" them. ~ajor industry conferences such as Vote fraud production. The rest are in metal Some 75 percent of the USWA's 5,400 lluminum and can-tend to have a fabricating plants, can manufacturing, locals have fewer than 250 members. greater interest in union politics be­ aluminum, nonferrous metals, chemi­ Only 192 locals have more than 1,000 cause they work under nationally cover-uQ cal plants, and many other occupa­ members. Thus the small shops, with negotiated master contracts. They tions.) only 25 percent of the membership, have an immediate test of the perfor­ prepared form the large bulk of the nominating mance of the international officers. How vote is rigged units. These workers have seen thousands The U.S. Labor Department has The nominations procedure was In addition, Sadlowski charges wide­ of jobs lost through Abel's cooperation accepted Abel and McBride's re­ heavily weighted toward the union spread fraud in some areas, including with the employers' productivity quest for "technical assistance" in bureaucracy, which piled up 2,901local illegal adjournment of meetings, refus­ drives. They know the bureaucracy's the steelworkers election and reject­ nominations for McBride. al to accept Sadlowski nominating callous attitude toward health and ed Ed Sadlowski's call for "full and Most locals hold their nominations papers, and intimidation of Fight Back safety issues, and its acceptance of complete" supervision to forestall vote at regular local union meetings, supporters. racial and sexual discrimination on vote fraud. which are usually sparsely attended Despite these pressures the Sadlows­ the job. The government announced Jan­ except for the local officials and their ki slate received a respectable number The big vote for Sadlowski in these uary 4 it would set up a "task coterie of supporters. of nominations, reflecting both the locals-most of which are controlled by force" to give the candidates "ad­ New nominations rules were in force bases of support and areas of weak- pro-McBride local officers and sent pro­ vice and opinions" and that it Abel delegates to the convention-is a would send two compliance officers direct repudiation of the bureaucracy's to each of the union's twenty-two policies. It indicates a vast reservoir of U.S. districts. Hear Jack Barnes, support for Sadlowski in this section of Two officers per district will the union. obviously be unable to observe National secretary of the Socialist Workers party. more than a handful of polling Weak areas places February 8. The Labor Lack of a deeply rooted campaign Department rejected watching all SADLOWSKI'S organization in most areas restricted the polls, saying that would cost broader knowledge of and support for "millions of dollars." Sadlowski. Sadlowski's attorney Joseph CHALLENOE The Steelworkers Fight Back move­ Rauh promptly denounced the task ment originated in the Chicago-Gary force plan as "a sham intended to district, which elected Sadlowski dis­ put a 'Good Housekeeping Seal of IN STEEL trict director in 1974. Until Sadlowski Approval' on a corrupt election." announced his presidential campaign Blasting the Labor Department last September, there was virtually no for "buckling under to the power of What it means Fight Back organization in other the 'Official Family' of the areas. USWA," Rauh said the Sadlowski for u.s. politics Unlike the McBride campaign, campaign would refuse to partici­ which has more than 800 union staff pate or lend credence to the task representatives working for it and the force. united support of the top officialdom, Rauh charged that the govern­ Sadlowski's campaign relies on the ment's plan to supervise the tabula­ CHICAGO Friday, Jan­ CLEVELAND Wednes­ tion of the tally of local union vote uary 28. For informa­ volunteer efforts of rank-and-file steel­ day, February 2. For workers. totals is "particularly fraudulent." tion on time and place information call (216) Despite McBride's charges of "out­ "They have agreed to being call (312) 939-0737. 861-4166. side" fmancial backing for Sadlowski, adding machines at the only time the insurgent has raised his campaign things can't go wrong," he said, money from the ranks. He has been "but the need is Labor Department' PITTSBURGH Sunday, HOUSTON Saturday, unable to match McBride's bankroll supervision at the polls where all . January 30. For infor­ February 5. For infer­ supplied by enforced contributions the ballot stuffing goes on, and in mation call (412) 441- from the staff, union officers, and · the field where .. there are 800 mation call (713) 526- staffmen working full time for 1419. 1082. officials of other AFL-CIO unions. It has been difficult for Fight Back to get McBride." out enough campaign materials, litera-

4 final week& Perspectiva Mundial: for Lynn Williams, District 6 director in Ontario and McBride's candidate ~A real breakthrough' for USWA secretary. By Jose G. Perez "I know that Libreria Militante, the Many Canadian workers view Sadlowski NEW YORK-"There's never been socialist bookstore in my barrio, the American-dominated union election anything like it in the history of the Lower East Side of New York, has campaigns with general indifference. radical movement in the United ordered a bundle of Perspectiva. They are not affected by some of the discloses States," said Catarino Garza, longtime "And some of the more enthusiastic key issues in the Sadlowski-McBride leader of the Socialist Workers party, militants of the Socialist Workers contest, since Canadian steelworkers discussing the first issue of Perspecti- party in the Bronx were talking about ratify all their contracts and are not finances va Mundial, dated January 24. selling it on street comers." Ed Sadlowski opened his cam­ Perspectiva Mundial (World Outlook) Garza said he wasn't sure it was the covered by Abel's no-strike Experimen­ paign finance records at a Chicago tal Negotiating Agreement. is a Spanish-language magazine pub- kind of periodical that could generally news conference January 9, demon­ Fight Back's lack of funds and lished every other week. It is the first be hawked on street comers. "It has a strating the fraud of McBride's magazine in Spanish to be produced by special audience in mind, primarily personnel has also delayed production charge that Steelworkers Fight of French-language literature, which is revolutionary socialists in this coun- those already interested in political Back is bankrolled by "employers" try. affairs. essential for reaching Quebecois and "wealthy outsiders." workers. The Militant interviewed Catarino "But I think it will sell well in Sadlowski said he had raised Canadian steelworkers have demon­ Garza and Olga Rodriguez, members bookstores, on literature tables at $150,000 since launching his presi­ of the SWP National Commitee, and meetings in defense of Latin American strated great militancy, however, espe­ dential campaign last September cially in the fight against wage con­ Mirta Vidal, editor of the new publica- political prisoners, and at demonstra- 13 and spent $207,600. The cam­ tion. tions supporting the rights of undocu- trols, and are deeply distrustful of the paign is heavily in debt. Abel bureaucracy. If Fight Back be­ "Perspectiva Mundial is a real break- men ted workers." Of the funds raised, $120,000 through," Rodriguez said. "In general, Garza said the magazine will also be gins to reach larger numbers of these came in donations from steel­ workers with its program, Canada the Spanish-language press in the distributed in Spanish-speaking coun- workers. Individuals not in the United States has many shortcomings. tries. "I visited Puerto Rico recently," could become a stronghold rather than USW A also made contributions of a weak spot for the campaign. "The commercial newspapers and he said, "and I know the Trotskyists $26,000 in amounts of $500 and magazines tend to be crime and there were planning to sell it along over and $4,000 in smaller dona­ scandal sheets," Rodriguez said. "And with their own newspaper, La Ver- Victories for democracy tions. the Chicano and Puerto Rican move- dad." In addition, Sadlowski noted that In the course of the campaign so far, ment press have very small staffs and The first issue includes an analysis steelworkers had donated vast Fight Back has won some important concentrate most of their resources on of South Africa's Bantustans-the amounts of volunteer time, the court victories opening up the elections covering what is going on in the supposedly autonomous Black areas equivalent of more than $400,000 at and making it more difficult for the communities." within South Africa. "In reality," the average hourly wage in steel. bureaucracy to use the union's month­ Mirta Vidal said Perspectiva Mun- Vidal said, "they are more like the Sadlowski said he would contin­ ly paper, Steel Labor, as a factional dial "will be different. We will concen- Indian reservations in the United ue to appeal for contributions from tool. trate on socialist reporting and analy- States." those outside the USWA who Through a lawsuit against illegal sis of the big political questions in the There is also an analysis of the support democratic trade unionism. factional misuse of Steel Labor to world. international economic situation by He emphatically denied receiving attack Fight Back, Sadlowski won in "Many articles will be translated Ernest Mandel, one of the world's any money from employer sources. November the right to view forthcom­ from Intercontinental Press, and thus foremost Marxist economists; and an Sadlowski accused McBride of ing issues in advance and contest Perspectiva will be able to draw on interview with Miguel Antonio Bernal, conducting "a vile, slanderous, and biased articles. that magazine's resources and network a Panamanian revolutionist who re- malicious smear campaign" Even more important, the court of correspondents around the world," cently toured the United States. around the question of outside settlement provided for both candi­ Vidal said. ''The interview with Bernal is an contributions. dates to send one mailing at union "Perspectiva Mundial has as its example of the unique coverage Pers- He- charged Abel and McBride expense to every member of the United goal the same standards of factual pectiva Mundial provides," Vidal said. with "misuse of union funds" and Steelworkers. That mailing goes out accuracy and precise translation that "He is not a sideline commentator, with "dunning the staff' to finance this month. Intercontinental Press maintains. but a participant in the struggles he McBride's campaign. The international union has also "Therefore," Vidal concluded, "it will describes." Continued on page 30 be a unique and invaluable resource Other articles in the first issue for political activists and students of include an analysis of the politics Latin America and world affairs." behind the purge of the "Gang of Garza said he expects the magazine Four'~ in China and a report on new to be distributed primarily in Puerto revelations of CIA spying and disrup- Rican, Chicano, and other Latino com- tion of the SWP and the Fourth lnter- District 3t campaign munities. national. By Michael Gillespie steel locals and several locals that CHICAGO-The nominations in backed Sadlowski in 1973. District 31 were among the most hotly The nominations race took place contested bouts between Steelworkers against the background of Sadlowski's Fight Back and the Abel-McBride past two years as district director. forces. During that time, all of Sadlowski's Tu revista en castellano The union bureaucracy went all out staff appointments-including a Black aparecera el 24 de enero. to embarrass insurgent candidate Ed man and a Black woman-have been Sadlowski in his home district, the vetoed by Abel. The old staff, which Chicago-Gary steel belt. campaigned for Sadlowski's opponent When the nominations period closed in 1973, has been given the green light on December 8, Sadlowski had won to sabotage Sadlowski's administra­ about eighty-four local union nomina­ tion. tions from District 31-twice the This is followed up by propaganda number he garnered when he first ran blaming Sadlowski for any and all for district director in 1973. inadequacies of union representation. Sadlowski secured .many more nomi­ The Abel-McBride forces hope through nations this time from locals outside this dishonest ploy to focus discontent the basic steel industry. His support on Sadlowski and divert attention A traves de este esfuerzo, queremos presentar a nuestros compaiieros de was also more geographically wide­ from their own bureaucratic abuse of habla hispana un bisemanario de noticias y analisis de los mas importantes spread throughout the 130,000-member power that has put factional gain acontecimientos mundiales. district. above the interests of the district's Ademas, en los primeros numeros seran incluidos los temas siguientes: The McBride slate, however, was membership. • La cafda de Ia libra y Ia lira, por Ernesto Mandel still able to capture the nominations of Meanwhile, some dozen candidates, • Los primeros aiios de Mao Tsetung most of the district's 237 locals. These nearly all of them staff representa­ • La polftica de los Bantustan en Sudafrica were mostly small shops, but the total tives, launched campaigns for district • Asia: Un aiio de represi6n y agitaci6n also included three of the largest basic director during the nominations peri­ • Artfculos de Le6n Trotsky od. These staffers not only ran aggres­ • Entrevista con el exilado revolucionario panameiio, Miguel Antonio sive campaigns for themselves but also Bernal: "Por Que Se Aferra el Pentagono a Panama". made certain that McBride's campaign reached into every subdistrict and local union they service. SUSCRIBETE a: Not surprisingly, they failed to point Perspectiva Mundial out that their campaigns were made 408 West Street possible by the new atmosphere of New York, N.Y. 10014 democracy under Sadlowski's adminis­ Nombre ______tration. No such challenges to an incumbent director were allowed under Direcci61.------the decades-long dictatorship of former Ciudad ______Estado o provincia ______director Joe Germano. Naci6n'------The national McBride campaign threw money, energy, and time into 0 lncluyo $10 para una suscripci6n de un aiio. District 31. The entire McBride slate 0 lncluyo $5 para una suscripci6n de seis meses. spent a week of the month-long nomi­ 0 Envfenme informacion sobre las tarifas de primera clase y correo aereo. Jim nations period in the district. Rallies candidate for District 31 director. Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 5 600 rail}! in 111dianaP-olis Hoosiers, Georgians demand: ~Ratify ERA!' By Carole McKee tration should get from women is that INDIANAPOLIS-"The only way until the attacks stop on affirmative politicians will listen to us is if we are action, Medicaid-funded abortions, bigger, louder, and better organized child care and the ERA, we will be in than the right wing." the streets demanding our rights!" Enthusiastic and determined cheers The local press and radio and TV greeted this statement by Carol stations gave prominent coverage to Coates, a leader of the Louisville the rally. National Organization for Women, at an indoor rally here January 9. Despite * * * subzero temperatures and eight inches By Linda Millwood of snow, 600 Equal Rights Amendment ATLANTA-Activists attending a supporters attended the rally spon­ January 7-8 conference at Georgia sored by NOW. Two hundred people State University expressed determina­ marched from the state capitol to the tion to keep up public pressure until rally. Georgia ratifies the Equal Rights Buses and carloads of ERA advo- Amendment. ' cates rolled in for the action to make More than 200 ERA supporters at Indiana the thirty-fifth state to ratify the Friday night rally heard Atlanta the ERA. They came from many cities YWCA President Palacia Seaman; in Indiana and surrounding states. Dan Wright, representing the National The week before the demonstration, Education Association; Atlanta NOW 1,200 people packed subcommittee President Sharon Adams; Guy Baker, hearings at the state capitol. Two­ Council 3 president of the Internation­ thirds of the crowd were on the side of al Chemical Workers Union; and the United Auto Workers, NOW, and representatives of the Atlanta Lesbian others testifying for ratification. Feminist Alliance, Georgia Civil Liber- · The anti-ERA speakers list read like 9 NOW action as the work of "lesbi­ poor women to use Medicaid for abor­ ties Union, and Abortion Rights Ac­ a Who's Who of America's right wing: ans" and "the Socialist Workers par­ tions." tion League. Stop ERA, Indiana Farm Bureau, ty." Coates scored liberal politicians, Participants were encouraged by American Legion, and a host of Bible Despite the right wing's attempts to such as Bella Abzug, who voted for the recent statements in support of ratifi­ thumpers. scare people away from the pro-ERA amendment. cation by major news media and many All week Stop ERA head Phyllis demonstration by such red-baiting and She explained what's behind the prominent individuals. Schlafly coordinated anti-ERA rallies, lesbian-baiting, the rally exemplified recent setbacks for women's rights: Several rally speakers pointed out picket lines, and vigils. At a news the broad unity behind women's "What's wrong is that we've been that ratification is not the end of the conference she denounced the January rights. getting some bad advice. For the past struggle for women's rights. Speaking few years we've been told, 'Keep quiet. from her experience in the Black rights Rally speakers included: Sue Erring­ Don't step on anyone's toes. Don't struggle, Myriam Richmond, WAOK ton, Indiana State NOW coordinator; make demands.'" This advice from news director, stated, "I see the ERA Betty Coke, ninety-one-year-old vete­ politicians in New York and New victory as one. . . . that stands us in 68%sayyes ran suffragist; Jane Wells-Schooly and Jersey, Coates said, led to the defeat of good stead only if we understand that RICHMOND, Va.-ERA Week Eleanor Smeal of the NOW National state ERA referenda there in 1975. the fight must go on." began here January 8 with a Board; Ruth Evans, campaign manag­ As Coates continued, the crowd Nancy Council of Georgians for the weekend of workshops-ERA Facts er of ERA Indiana; and Marion responded with several standing ova­ ERA said, "The momentum is on our for Action-attended by 120 Wagner, president of Indianapolis tions. side and we have great hope for women. Leading up to the activi­ NOW. "Rumors have been flying that victory. But we must remain vigilant ties, newspaper articles and talk The crowd responded enthusiastical­ Carter has promised to get the ERA and continue to build even more public shows focused on the amendment. ly to the speech by Carol Coates, ERA ratified in three states this year if we support for ERA." A Richmond Newspaper poll re­ task force director of Louisville NOW. can win the fourth," Coates reported. The following day activists dis­ ported that ratification is support­ Coates stressed the urgency of coun­ "Well, why won't he give us all four cussed proposals for ERA activities on ed by a 68 percent majority in the tering the attacks on women's rights. [needed to complete federal ratifica­ International Women's Day presented city. "Perhaps the most deadly setback for tion]? Does he expect us to keep quiet by Georgians for the ERA and the The culmination of ERA Week women this fall," she said, "came with about all the other attacks on women's GSU Women's Coalition. Workshops will be a January 15 Open Air the Hyde amendment to the [Health, rights in exchange for his 'generosity' also discussed women and employ­ Speak-Out at noon in Monroe Park. Education and Welfare] bill. This on the ERA? ment, Black women, and tactics to win amendment takes away the right of "The only promise the new adminis- the ERA. Actions will protest anti-abortion rights drive By Ginny Hildebrand cian of manslaughter for performing a YWCA are among the many sponsors. will feature representatives from NOW Since January 22, 1973, when the legal abortion. The conviction was Minneapolis: Twin. Cities NOW is and abortion clinics. Sponsors include Supreme Court overturned most re­ overturned last month. sponsoring a 2:00 p.m. rally January Toledo and Bowling Green NOW strictive state abortion laws, right­ Also speaking are Gloria Steinem 22 at the YWCA. Speakers will include chapters, Toledo Medical Services wing forces have used this date to and State Sen. Carol Bellamy. Dr. Jerome, director of Teenage Medi­ Center, and the SWP. mobilize against women's right to Milwaukee: Activists have planned cal Services in Minneapolis; Betty Chicago: Feminists at the Universi­ choose. an abortion rights speak-out for 1:00 Benjamin, president of the Abortion ty of Illinois Circle Campus are spon­ This year, abortion rights supporters p.m. on January 22 at the YWCA. The Rights Council; and Jill Lakowske, soring a panel discussion on abortion are planning activities in defense of event will feature a documentary film, chairperson of the Women's Rights the afternoon of January 20. the historic court ruling. A focus for It Happens to Us. Committee of Minneapolis Federation New Orleans: The American Civil protest will be the Hyde amendment. If Sponsors include University of Wis­ of Teachers Local 59. Liberties Union has called for an implemented, this congressional ban consin at Milwaukee (UWM) women's St. Paul: St. Paul NOW has also Abortion Conference January 29 at on federally funded abortions will deny groups, the state National Association called for a January 22 rally at the Tulane Law School. access to safe, legal abortions to of Social Workers, NOW, Coalition for downtown YWCA at 2:00 p.m .. Speak­ hundreds of thousands of Black, Puer­ the Right to Choice, and Young Social­ ers include Ellin Skinner of the Nation­ to Rican, Chicano, and other working ist Alliance. al Women's Political Caucus, and women. Throughout the following week, representatives of the Republican, Washington, D.C. Kicking off the "Our bodies, our lives, our right to Democratic Farmer Labor, and the weekend will be a forum, 8:00 p.m. decide!" will be the theme of work­ Socialist Workers parties. January 21, at All Souls Church. shops, films, and displays at UWM. Philadelphia: NOW is sponsoring a Attorney Sarah Weddington will be the Seattle: Demonstrators will gather January 22 Conference to Safeguard featured speaker. Weddington argued January 22 at 1:00 p.m. in Freeway Abortion Rights and Stop Sterilization the Texas abortion suit that became a Park and march to an indoor rally at Abuses. The Philadelphia County basis for the Supreme Court's 1973 Gethsemane Church. The actions' District Nurses Association has en­ ruling. endorsers include the American Civil dorsed the gathering, which begins at Sponsors of the meeting are the Liberties Union, NOW, National Abor­ 1:30 p.m. at Hospital Workers 1199-C Washington, D.C., chapter of the tion Rights Action League, SWP, and Union Hall on Race Street. National Organization for Women; Radical Women. Cleveland: Weekend activities beg­ Abortion Rights of Washington, D.C.; Tacoma, Washington: January 22, in January 22 with a noon picket line Socialist Workers party; Women's Abortion Action Day, begins at 12:00 at St. John's Cathedral. The next day NOW AVAILABLE Health Network; and Northern Virgi­ noon at the YWCA on Broadway. speeches and workshops will begin at ABORTION: A WOMAN'S nia NOW Task Force for Reproductive There will be films and speeches by 2:00 p.m. at Cleveland State Universi­ RIGHT TO CHOOSE Button, 1% Choice. Connie McCloud of the Indian Com­ ty. Speakers include Father Joseph inches diameter, red and black New York: January 22, Dr. Ken­ munity Clinic, Judy Fortier, head of O'Rourke from Catholics for a Free lettering on white background. $.35 neth Edelin will address a 2:00 p.m. the Women's Rights Division of the Choice and Eva Janecek, president of each. Order from: Young Socialist meeting at the Washington Square Tacoma Relations Commission, and Ohio NOW. Alliance, P.O. Box 471 Cooper Methodist Church. In 1975 an all-white others. Toledo: A January 22 1:00 p.m. Station, New York, New York 10003. jury convicted this Black Boston physi- The Urban League, SWP, and speak-out at the University of Toledo

6 Defense attomex exnlains WHERE THE CASE OF GARY TYLER ~·· ,?/ f STANDS TODAY MilitanVBarbara Mutnick GARY TYLER

What is the present status of Gary Tyler's court battle for his Peebles: Yes. He testified at the Defense Fund: What do you mean life and freedom? trial that he had a scar on his arm by "illegally constituted"? The Louisiana Black teen-ager is still in the shadow of the about half-an-inch long as a result of electric chair. something that happened at the time Peebles: According to our investiga­ and he assumed that it resulted from tion there were only two Blacks on the Although the U.S. Supreme Court struck down as unconstitu­ the bullet that struck Timothy Weber. grand jury and only one of them tional the death penalty law under which Tyler was sentenced, Now in addition, we asked for a new showed up any appreciable amount of and although the Louisiana Supreme Court has ruled that the trial on the grounds of newly disco­ the time. Since there were 16 grand­ state's new death penalty law cannot be applied retroactively, vered evidence. As you recall, the chief jurors, this was a disproportionate prosecutors continue to press for the convening of a special jury prosecution witness, Natalie Blanks­ representation, and we would like to to resentence Gary Tyler either to life imprisonment or death in the only witness who said that she saw find out why there were not more the electric chair. Gary fire a shot, testified at a post-trial Blacks on the grand jury. That is the essence of the prosecutors' brief submitted to the hearing in April of this year that what she had said at the trial was not true, Defense Fund: Blacks are about 30 state supreme court last November 10 at a hearing on Gary's and in fact that she had been pres­ percent pf St. Charles Parish. appeal for a new trial. The court could hand down its decision on sured into giving that statement. the case as early as January 24. We also produced evidence that The Gary Tyler Defense Fund, coordinated by Gary's mother, Natalie had obtained immunity from Peebles:Yes. Then of course we will Mrs. Juanita Tyler, interviewed Jack Peebles, Gary's defense prosecution. Further, Natalie's attor­ try to get more information for the attorney, after the November 10 hearing. ney testified that this immunity was next trial. We'll try to find out where Below are excerpts from the interview and introduction deliberately kept from the jury so that this weapon came from that was distributed by the defense fund. The complete text can be obtained they would not be aware of the fact produced at the trial and claimed to be that Natalie was testifying under im­ the weapon used in the perpetration of from: Gary Tyler Defense Fund, c/o Juanita Tyler, 736 Mocking­ munity. this offense. We will try to get ballis­ bird Lane, Destrehan, Louisiana 7004 7. Telephone: (504) 729- tics experts and chemists and other 0605. Defense Fund: If a new trial IS experts not used by the defense at the Gary Tyler was 16 years old when he district court, which is our court of granted what then? first trial. was framed for the Oct. 7, 1974, murder general jurisdiction, in a case in which of 13-year-old Timothy Weber outside death was the appropriate penalty. If Peebles: If a new trial is granted, Defense Fund: And if the appeal Destrehan High School during a racial he didn't receive a capital penalty the presumably it will be in the district for a new trial is turned down? disturbance. When St. Charles Parish case had to be remanded to juvenile court, if you assume that they do not authorities finally brought him to trial court. remand it to the juvenile court. But in Peebles: Then our next procedural in November, 1975, he was tried before Therefore we are insisting that, first any event, if a new trial is granted, one step is to ask the U.S. Supreme Court an all-white jury, convicted, and sent­ of all, because the Louisiana death of the first things we'll try to do is to review the case. If they refuse to enced to die in the electric chair by penalty was declared unconstitutional, move the case to a different location. review it then we are back starting all Judge Ruche Marino. this case should be remanded to Then we will try to quash the indict­ over again with a writ of habeus Gary's family got a new lawyer, juvenile court. ment on grounds that the grand jury corpus in the state court asking that Jack Peebles, and in April, 1976, the which indicted Gary was illegally Gary be given a new trial. We hope state's star witness, Natalie Blanks, Defense Fund: What are the legal constituted. that it won't have to go that far. testified at a hearing for a new trial grounds for a new trial? that police and prosecutors had forced her to lie at the trial, that in fact she Peebles: We alleged six errors had not seen anyone fire a gun. which we feel are all substantial and This hearing for a new trial was held indicate that Gary should be given a Cops raid Tyler home before Judge Marino. He turned down new trial. By Joel Aber Later that afternoon the police the request. In July, 1976, the U.S. In Louisiana, in order to find a NEW ORLEANS-The same p~ produced a search warrant and Supreme Court overturned Louisiana's person guilty of first-degree murder lice and prosecutors who framed up entered the Tyler home saying that application of the death penalty. Gary under the section of. the statute under Gary Tyler two years ago are now they were looking for "$10,000 to was taken off death row and placed in which Gary was charged, you have to trying to terrorize his family. $14,000." the St. James Parish jail in Convent, find that the shot was fired with intent On January 5 they arrested Gary's The police took several items of La. 70723. He can be written there. to harm more than one person. If you nineteep-year-old brother Steven clothing and Juanita Tyler's legally fire a weapon with intent to harm one Tyler and laid siege to the Tyler registered pistol from the Tyler Jack Peebles: On Nov. 10 we person, that was second-degree murder home for six hours. home. argued orally Gary's appeal. This in Louisiana. At 10:00 a.m. the Tylers heard a "They came to shake me up," says included argument regarding his mo­ The prosecutor sought a first-degree knock on the door of their home in Juanita Tyler. tion for a new trial, argument regard­ murder verdict, and he got it. The St. Rose, Louisiana. During the search, the police made ing the alleged errors that were made reason he got it, we believe, was Two plainclothes sheriffs deputies reference to Gary Tyler's appeal for during the course of the trial, and because he argued to the jury that if in brandishing rifles ordered Juanita a new trial. "When is that case argument regarding a motion which fact more than one person was injured Tyler and her son Steven to step coming up?" one of the cops asked we filed that Gary should be dis­ as a result of the shot that was fired, outside where both were frisked. The another. charged because no court now has then the jury must presume that the cops claimed that a car had been Police have repeatedly harassed jurisdiction over him. person who fired the shot intended to stolen and that a dog had trailed the Tyler family ever since Juanita harm more than one person. Steven from the scene. Tyler began to organize the public The court charged the jury with a They carted Steven Tyler offto the defense effort to free her son. Steven Defense Fund: What are the legal special charge requested by the state, sheriffs substation at New Sarpy. and Gary's younger brother Terry grounds for freeing Gary? which we feel backed up that argu­ Meanwhile, three more carloads of have suffered numerous arrests on ment. deputies arrived. So did Assistant St. trumped-up charges. Peebles: That has to do with a Of course we insist that Gary did not Charles Parish District Attorney motion to discharge Gary on grounds fire any shot, as Gary has always Norman Pietri, the chief prosecutor Jack Peebles, attorney for the that no court now has jurisdiction to maintained. in the frame-up murder trial of Gary Tylers, charges that Steven Tyler's sentence him. Gary was a juvenile at But as a matter of law we think it's Tyler. They surrounded the home for arrest was "contrary to law." Steven the time he was charged with this an error to charge the jury that it must the next six hours. Tyler was never booked and never crime. The U.S. Supreme Court has presume intent on the part of a At the sh~riffs substation, the informed of any charges against handed down a decision saying that no defendant, and that's one of the bases cops dropped their allegation about him. capital penalty can be meted out in for our request for a new trial. the stolen car. Instead they put Peebles will file a motion for the Louisiana, based upon the murder Steven Tyler in a police lineup in a return of all property confiscated statute in force at the time Gary was Defense Fund: The second person robbery case. The robbery victim from the Tyler home. Other legal charged. they claim was wounded said he was told the cops that Steven definitely action against the police is being Now at the time Gary was tried, a only nicked and did not even have to was not the man who robbed her. explored. juvenile could only be tried in the see a doctor.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 7 New FBI guidelines authorize government By Diane Wang reason for that despised reputation. .. ' The Justice Department acted Janu- Informers act as provocateurs. They ary 5 to defend the FBI from further try to stir up dissension and violence criticism and expand the use of govern- and to set up victims for frame-ups and ment informers. Attorney General assassinations. Edward Levi issued guidelines to William O'Neal, the FBI's operator legitimize the activities of FBI under- in the Black Panther party, is a good cover operatives. example. He provided the floor plan of The guidelines were prompted by a Fred Hampton and Mark Clark's scandal that erupted six months ago. apartment for the police attack that On July 7 Timothy Redfearn, an FBI killed these Panther leaders. informer posing as a member of the Gary Rowe, to cite another example, Young Socialist Alliance, broke into was the FBI's man in the Ku Klux the Socialist Workers party headquar- Klan. He participated in the 1965 ters and stole four cartons of files. murder of Viola Liuzzo, a civil rights Because the SWP and YSA are in the worker. He also helped the Klan beat midst of a $40 million lawsuit against pro-desegregation Freedom Riders in government harassment, they were Birmingham, Alabama, in 1961. able to force the government to pro- The FBI also bought a $10,000 to duce Redfearn's complete FBI record. $20,000 arsenal for informer Howard That record, containing evidence of Godfrey. Godfrey's right-wing Secret other burglaries, fueled a national Army Organization harassed and shot I barrage of criticism against the FBI. at San Diego anti-Vietnam War acti- 'How many times do 1 have to explain, Henderson? There are good guys and there The guidelines issued January 5 are vists. are bad guys and no matter how it looks, w,e're still the good guys!' supposed to answer that criticism. The government encourages its in­ Actually, under the guise of cleaning formers to lie and carry out illegal up the FBI, the guidelines extend activities with promises of bonuses for How can political spying and disrup­ Levi's memo tells the FBI to instruct official authorization for the use of "quality" work. It was, in fact, hope for tion be carried out without "infring­ its informers not to participate in acts informers as political spies and wea- a bigger FBI payoff that lured Red- ing" democratic rights? The January 5 of violence or to use unlawful tech­ pons against dissenters. fearn into his July 7 caper. memorandum does not answer that niques. That's supposed to put an end Will the guidelines put an end to the question. to Redfearn-like activities. 'Unsavory' characters O'Neals and Rowes and Godfreys and According to the guidelines, the But informers like Redfearn, Rowe, In an affidavit for the SWP and YSA Redfearns? No. FBI's only criteria for whether or not and Godfrey were already operating lawsuit an FBI official admitted that Levi only suggests that the FBI take to use informers is the value of the under "guidelines" that supposedly informer activity "has always held an "special care" to "ensure that individu­ desired information and reliability of prohibited such wrongdoing. At least, unsavory connotation." There is good al rights are not infringed." the informer. that's what FBI chief Clarence Kelley claimed on nationwide TV. Last August when Kelley appeared on the national television show "Face Grand jury releases evidence on FBI thief the Nation" he was asked about the By Miguel Pendas ment the FBI's complicity and up to these burglaries for years go Denver burglary. He said: DENVER-A Denver grand jury attempted cover-up of Redfearn's scot-free. Is the FBI above the law?" "We had already set out rules, voted unanimously January 6 to burglary. The record includes sworn James Joy, director of the Colora­ regulations, and admonitions that that release evidence from its probe into a statements by Redfearn, his FBI do chapter of the American Civil which is done by an informant can be burglary by FBI informer Timothy control agents, and Denver bureau Liberties Union, told reporters at the construed as that which is done by the Redfearn. chiefs; FBI officials' testimony be­ news conference, "One does not have agent. And if it's wrong to be done by The day before, Redfearn had been fore the grand jury; Denver police to support the Socialist Workers the agent, it's wrong to be done by the sentenced to an indeterminate-to-ten- detectives' reports; and reports by party to recognize a threat to our informant. . . . So we had already laid the Denver district attorney on the freedoms when a police agency is the groundwork to prevent this and did course of the investigation as the involved in these kinds of illegal Future issues of the Militant will not." FBI's cover-up fell apart. behavior. publish the story of FBI burglar And what if informers are caught At a news conference January 11 breaking the law, like Redfearn was? Timothy Redfearn and his bosses, Ruth Getts, field secretary for the "Get the FBI entirely out of After Redfearn's July 7 burglary as told to the Denver grand jury. Political Rights Defense Fund, said political investigation," Joy said. there was a flurry of teletype messages that the grand jury evidence shows "It's time that this be brought to a between the FBI headquarters and its year term for stealing files from the the FBI was guilty of "conspiracy" halt and the persons involved be Denver bureau. Between July 8 and Socialist Workers party headquar­ and of being an "accessory after the held accountable." July 15 the FBI tried to hide its ters last July. fact" to Redfearn's burglarie~. The news conference was well informer's guilt from the Denver po­ The Denver investigation was the attended by the Denver news media. lice. Only after Redfearn was arrested first ever by a state grand jury "Redfearn has been indicted and All major TV stations, both daily on another burglary charge (furniture looking into FBI crimes. sentenced," Getts said. "But the newspapers, and several radio sta­ that time), did the G-men decide to stop The 700 pages of evidence docu- people who have been putting him tions were present. shielding him. The new guidelines change only one Nat'l Security Agency refuses to testify By May Cramer The socialists wanted to ask what The reports failed, of course, to show those offered by the CIA and FBI in NEW YORK-Government lawyers activities the NSA had conducted that antiwar or civil rights protests the lawsuit. told U.S. District Court Judge Thomas against the SWP and YSA members. A resulted from foreign "subversion." The CIA has argued that national Griesa January 4 that the National first question would have been whether Since the SWP and YSA helped security and state secrets are at stake. Security Agency would not produce the socialists had been targeted by any organize massive protests against the The spies·have claimed the courts do any witnesses for the lawsuit by the. of the NSA programs described in the Vietnam War and actively supported not have enough "expertise" in foreign Socialist Workers party and the Young report of the Senate Select Committee civil rights struggles, the socialists intelligence to decide whether CIA Socialist Alliance against.government on Intelligence. suspect their names were prominent on crimes should be made public. disruption and spying. The Senate committee reported that the watch lists. The FBI has withheld the names The NSA, a supersecret, multi­ the supersecret agency had monitored Judge Gries a suggested the NSA and files of its informers, arguing a billion-dollar arm of the Department of communications of American citizens. might at least produce a witness to need to proteCt its sources. Defense, is one of twelve federal Other political police agencies such confirm, deny, or object to these Despite government protests, howev­ agencies being sued by the SWP and as the FBI and CIA had given the questions. There are some things that er, the socialists' lawsuit has forced the YSA. Among other things, it apparent­ NSA "watch lists" of names and NSA agents have not done that could FBI to produce more than 100,000 ly intercepts nearly all airborne com­ organizations. Any telegrams or phone be denied to set the record straight, pages of files. The G-men's records munications in the world through calls to foreign countries that men­ Griesa suggested. For example, "they documented disruption programs and sophisticated electronic spy equipment, tioned a work or name from the "watch have not been tripping the plaintiffs in burglaries. including statellites. list" were intercepted and monitored. supermarkets." "We're going to insist on getting The socialists' attorneys had asked But while the government lawyer evidence from these other agencies to question an NSA official on Janu­ The project was stepped up in 1967. didn't think the NSA had been doing too," said Syd Stapleton of the Social­ ary 7. Government lawyers not only That year the White House, FBI, that ("Certainly not to my knowledge, ist Workers party. "We do not agree refused to produce an NSA witness, attorney general, and Department of Your Honor"), he said the NSA would that government crimes cannot be they also filed legal papers claiming the Army set up.. a "civil disturbance" not even answer that question. legally challenged or taken to court. the agency should not answer any unit. They asked the NSA to provide Usually when legal papers are filed, The American people have a right to questions or provide any evidence information about antiwar and civil both sides get to see the argument so know how their government disrupted whatsoever. rights groups. Their goal was to prove that both can present their side of the legitimate political activities." Government lawyer Thomas Mose­ that demonstrations and unrest were dispute. Griesa did not rule on the NSA ley claimed that "further inquiry into caused by "foreign influence." But attorneys for the socialists are argument at the January 4 hearing. the activities of the National Security Between 1967 and 1973 about 1,200 not allowed to see the government's Instead, he said he will attempt, after Agency in this case would pose very American citizens were named on this top secret affidavit to the judge. They receiving further material and hearing serious and very real harm to the watch list. The NSA gave about 2,000 must simply guess the NSA's reason­ legal arguments, to rule on all claims foreign intelligence operations of the reports to federal police agencies dur­ ing. to secrecy made so far by the NSA, United States." ing that period. Perhaps the NSA arguments are like CIA, and FBI.

8 informers Milwaukee board maneuvers thing: the Justice Department, not the FBI, will be in charge of staging the cover-up. to block school desegregation "In those exceptional circumstances in which notification to local authori­ By Norbert Francis desegregation plan that includes of Milwaukee's segregated inner-city ties may be inadvisable, the FBI shall MILWAUKEE-The school board in "mandatory reassignment" of students schools. The new plan makes no promptly advise the Department of this city has a long history of opposi­ if "voluntary" measures proved insuffi­ provisions for maintaining desegrega­ Justice," say the guidelines. tion to equal education for Black cient. tion in the future. How do the G-men decide whether children. The board's latest Until last week the board's antibus­ telling the cops is "inadvisable?" maneuver-spurred by the U.S. Su­ ing majority had been forced to reluc­ The racist school board majority It depends in part on how valuable preme Court's rejection of an Austin, tantly comply with the judge's order. appropriately dubbed their plan the the informer is to the FBI. Or as the Texas, busing plan-attempts once While appealing his decision to the Milwaukee-Austin plan. According to guidelines put it, on "the significance more to keep the school system segre­ U.S. Supreme Court, the board moved its author, Anthony Busalacchi, of the information the informant is gated. to desegregate a third of the public "When the Austin decision came down, providing, or will provide." Last January Federal District Judge schools last fall. But in open defiance we had a whole new ballgame.... Redfearn's case 1s instructive. He John Reynolds ruled that Milwaukee of the court order, the board refused to The plan would allow schools that provided financial records and reports had to desegregate its schools. His approve and submit a plan for phase want to remain all-Black because of about the activity of a legal political ruling came in response to a ten-and-a­ two of school desegregation. housing patterns to remain all-Black, organization. For that the FBI rated half-year-old suit against the school and the same for all-white schools." him "excellent" and considered him board. The racists were emboldened by the But in reality the Milwaukee-Austin useful enough to shield. Judge Reynolds found that the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling that plan would force all-Black schools to The guidelines also say that whether school board had deliberately helped desegregation of the Austin, Texas, remain all-Black and protect the privi­ or not to tell the cops about an keep Milwaukee's public schools segre­ schools should involve only "identifia­ leged position of the schools that are informer's cnme depends on how gated. He ordered the board to desegre­ ble violations of constitutional rights." now all-white. According to school serious the crime is, whether it 1s gate the entire school system within The board decided to shelve the plan board attorney Laurence Hammond, completed, and whether the local three years, with Black enrollment designed by school administrators and the plan will involve minor adjust­ authorities already know. In other quotas in each school of between 25 community planning groups to comply ments in only nine schools. words, it depends on whether they can and 45 percent. with the court order. Attorney for the plaintiffs in the get away with it. One-third of the schools were to be Instead, by an 8-to-4 vote the board desegregation suit have until January desegregated during each of the three approved a plan that would make 12 to file their response to the board's years. And the board was to present a minor changes in enrollment in a few proposal. Government doublespeak Syd Stapleton, national secretary of the Political Rights Defense Fund, which is organizing support for the SWP lawsuit, called the new informer ... Boston busing decision upheld guidelines "five pages of government Continued from back page and suspend all the Black students cant degree the result of intentional doublespeak." Black parents and students asked involved in the incident, but only one conduct by organizations and individu­ Stapleton compared this reform to Garrity to close South Boston High. or two of the whites." als in South Boston." other government "guidelines" for Instead, Garrity took control of the He found that school administrators Applauding the January 10 Supreme "intelligence" activities. All these so­ school to ensure compliance with his and Boston police had "failed to take Court ruling, Eric Van Loon, attorney called reforms only authorize govern­ initial desegregation order. any corrective or disciplinary action" for the Black parents, said that Garri­ ment dirty tricks. They don't end them. Garrity ruled that Black students at against racist slurs by white students ty's "action of singling out a particular "What's next," Stapleton asked, the school "continue to be subject to at the school. school for receivership was unique in "guidelines for assassinations?" physical attacks by groups of white Garrity said that this constituted "a school desegregation law, but the The guidelines obviously were pub­ students" and "more often than not, pattern of racially discriminatory and amount of resistance to-and defiance lished to hush up the scandal stirred school and police authorities detain hostile conduct" that is "to a signifi- of-court orders also was unique." last summer, not to limit informer He added, "The conditions at South activity. Boston High were such that Black "But the guidelines will not accomp­ pupils were being denied the right to lish either task," Stapleton said. "We ·peaceful, desegregated education." know they won't prevent informer However, James Kelly, head of the wrongdoing. And we can guarantee NSCAR hits housing ruling racist South Boston Information Cen­ the government that the guidelines ter, warned that the decision will won't end criticism or satisfy demands By John Hawkins the direction of once again legalizing "resurrect" the antibusing movement. for an end to this use of paid provoca­ NEW YORK, .Jan. 12-"The Su­ racist discrimination." "Our legal resources have been taken teurs. preme Court's decision yesterday In the Arlington Heights decision away,'' he said. "The only alternative "The socialists are going to insist on upholding racist zoning laws in the Supreme Court repeated the is active protest-and I'm talking getting the full FBI records on all Arlington Heights, Illinois, is a slap argument used to overturn the Aus­ about marches, demonstrations, pro­ informers used against them. We in the face to Blacks," said Tony tin busing plan. Government poli­ tests." demand a complete end to the repul­ Austin, coordinator of the National cies, the justices ruled, can't be Kelly's reaction to the Supreme sive and dangerous use of government Student Coalition Against Racism, declared unconstitutional simply Court ruling shows that organized, stool pigeons and provocateurs." in a telephone interview with the because they have a "racially dispro­ violent opposition to school desegrega­ Militant. portionate impact," in other words, tion here remains a threat to the safety "Coupled with the court's recent simply because they discriminate and equal rights of the Black commun­ decision to strike down a school against Blacks. ity. desegregation plan in Austin, Tex­ The court repeated its contention The Boston School Committee re­ Political Rights as," the NSCAR leader said, "the from the Austin case that "intent" to Defense Fund sponded to the ruling by asking II Arlington Heights ruling moves in discriminate must be proved in order Garrity to outline what it must do to to rule a government act-in this regain control of South Boston High. The Socialist Workers party and case, refusal to rewrite racist zoning "We have a 'more moderate body in Young Socialist Alliance have sued laws-unconstitutional. power now," said school committee the government for an end to spying "But the court went even further member Kathleen Sullivan, a vocal and disruption. This lawsuit has this time in giving aid and comfort opponent of the busing order. "And I exposed FBI and CIA attacks against to the racists," Austin stated. "In a think conditions have changed enough democratic rights. footnote they said that even if for receivership to be removed." More than 400 notable supporters Arlington Heights was 'motivated in Paul Tierney, another school com­ of civil liberties are sponsoring the part by a racially discriminatory mittee member, said that "receivership Political Rights Defense Fund, the purpose,' its action isn't automatical­ is one of the obstacles to progress at group organizing support for the ly unconstitutional. South Boston High." lawsuit. "Racist outfits across the country Vince Eagan, a spokesperson for the If you would like to be a sponsor of will be emboldened by those two National Student Coalition Against the Political Rights Defense Fund, court rulings,'' Austin said. Racism, backed the decision in a return this coupon to PROF, Box 649, He pointed to the recent decision statement released here. Cooper Station, New York, New York by the Milwaukee school board to NSCAR "applauds the January 10 10003. defy a desegregation plan ordered by Supreme Court ruling,'' Eagan said. ·"The appeal to the Supreme Court is 0 Please add my name as a sponsor a lower court. (See article above.) of the Political Rights Defense Fund. Board members in that city said the most recent attempt by Boston 0 Enclosed is a contribution of they were inspired to make their racists to thwart justice in this city. There is no question in the minds of $ _____ decision by the Supreme Court's Austin ruling. the prodesegregation movement as to "Now other school boards may be the constitutionality of the receiver­ Name encouraged to follow Milwaukee's ship order. The blatant racist practices lead,'' Austin said. of the school committee, city council, Address "These setbacks point up the need and the former head master necessitat­ ed such an action." City ------for supporters of desegregation­ Eagan pointed out that Black stu­ State _____ Zip groups like the NAACP, Urban League, and others-to organize a dents at the school have continued to Organization (for identification only) movement to defend Black equal face substantial harassment even after rights in schools, housing, and em­ Garrity's take-over. But turning the TONY AUSTIN ployment." school back over to the racist school Signature committee, he said, would have set the clock back to where it was a year ago.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 9 Letters

In Our Opinion Doubts about Sadlowski I never heard or read about the The Socialist Workers party is quite incident until I saw it in the Militant. correct in supporting the Sadlowski The fascists and racists, such as the campaign as the best way to build a Klan, must be defeated wherever they militant rank-and-file movement in the are found. steelworkers union. I would like to say to all my Black At the same time, is it not very brothers and sisters: don't judge all Carter's ~package' important to raise doubts about any white people by the action of these President-elect Jimmy Carter disclosed his long-awaited reform leader, no matter how left­ hooded racists. Only by standing talking, who supports Carter and the together can we free these Black "economic stimulus package" January 7. system? mannes. Business representatives complained the proposal leans too Are there not very strong parallels Also enclosed is a cartoon I found in heavily toward public spending rather than "incentives" for between Arnold Miller in the United a local newspaper [printed on this them. Mine Workers and Sadlowski? Both page]. Since the story wasn't reported, The AFL-CIO criticized it as a "retreat from the goals" began with militant talk, seemed quite I didn't realize what the cartoon really Carter set during his campaign. honest, and were based on an angry meant, but now I realize it says it all. Democratic members of Congress announced they were rank-and-file movement. But caught Franklyn Smith within the limits of his outlook, Miller, Jeannette, Pennsylvania "tremendously pleased." like the great John L. Lewis before Judge for yourself. Carter proposes: him, has retreated before a real • a tax cut for employers, probably through a 5 percent credit confrontation with the system. in the Social Security taxes they pay on employees; Didn't the Militant support Miller Par for 'Ia migra' • a tax cut for some individuals and couples by raising the just as it now supports Sadlowski? I sold the December 31 Militant vvi.th standard deduction a few hundred dollars; Why won't Sadlowski do the same? the back-page story on the four-year­ • a tax rebate, which may range from $50 to $200; Isn't it pressing upon revolutionaries old boy who had been kidnapped by • a public jobs program to put 800,000 back to work by to raise the consciousness of workers the Immigration and Naturalization by always pointing out the dangers Service (la migra). It was very September 1978. and limits of their reform-minded interesting to see the response of Carter's "package" must have seemed more like a letter bomb leaders-no matter how militant they people when I said, "Extra, extra, read to the working people who elected him to office and expected talk? about la migra kidnapping a four-year­ him to come through with his promises of jobs and social J.B. old." programs. Fond du Lac, Wisconsin There was only one confused For those who don't earn enough to pay taxes-or for the Mexican-American who said, "Well, unemployed-Carter's rebate scheme doesn't provide a cent. it's the law, right?" I sold fifteen papers in forty minutes. Despite his generosity in reducing the bosses' taxes, Carter Complete and informative One woman, after hearing my sales rejected a plan to cut Social Security taxes for those workers Without a doubt your Militant paper pitch, retorted something in Spanish who wouldn't get a rebate otherwise. is the most complete and informative that translated into English would be, And what about the 800,000 jobs with a deadline nearly two of any I have read. Many of my friends "Well those '!'h!$#* (referring to la years away? The official unemployment figure is up to nearly 8 and co-workers comment likewise. migra)-give me one of those papers!" million. The AFL-CIO estimates the real number of jobless We've made many new friends in all And so the forty minutes went by. closer to 10.5 million. areas just conversing about this Some could not believe their eyes and other commented, "Yeah, that's par for Carter says he hopes for a decrease in the unemployment rate remarkable paper. That is the reason I will take advantage of the holiday gift la migra.'' this year from 8 percent to 6.5 percent. One of his top advisers subscription offer. Many Militant readers in Houston recently judged even that figure "very difficult" to achieve. H.L. are very excited when told that A far cry from Carter's stated commitment last spring to "a Detroit, Michigan Perspectiva Mundial, the new dramatic reduction in unemployment" and the achievement of Trotskyist Spanish-language biweekly, full employment "as rapidly as possible." will be out in January. We already Carter's pledges for welfare reform, national health insur­ have two orders for subscriptions. ance, and other social plans have reportedly been shelved until Support for Black marines Arturo Ramirez Houston, Texas the economy can "afford" them. Carter even instructed his I am one of your many new readers. budget director Bert Lance to find an additional $2 billion to cut I find your paper very interesting and from government programs. informative. I am writing with regard to the Black marines being victimized You can be sure Lance isn't going to look for those cuts in the at Camp Pendleton in California. Arizona steelworkers war budget. That promises to remain the same $123 billion the Only by hearing both sides of the United Steelworkers President I.W. Ford administration requested. Carter has already backed off story can the whole truth come out. If Abel was vacationing in Arizona at his campaign promise to cut arms spending by $5 billion to $7 one man is denied his rights, as the the end of December when he delivered billion. Black marines are in this case, then we a slanderous speech, already A little late in coming is the AFL-CIO officialdom's peep all suffer. mentioned in the Militant, attacking about a retreat from the campaign promises it urged its members to put so much stock in last fall. The time is long overdue for the entire labor movement to break with the two-faced Carters and demand that the billions spent for war be used instead to put more than 8 million Americans back to work. Right to choose They shouted it in the streets. They debated it on TV and discussed it at conferences. "Abortion is a woman's right to choose," women told the government, Catholic bishops, and the world. On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court gave in to the majority sentiment these protests represented. But reactionary groups and the government did not accept defeat. They teamed up to dismantle abortion rights bit by bit. This fall Congress voted to stop Medicaid funds for elective abortions. Its intended victims: Black, Chicano, Puerto Rican, and other working-class women. Its purpose: to deal a staggering blow to abortion rights, while avoiding an all-out confrontation with a united women's movement. On

10 The American Way of Life

insurgent union candidate Ed The profitable deathtraps Sadlowski. LOS ANGELES-The third tragic fire since 1970 in "They're mostly a bunch of wetbacks," he muttered. Among other things, Abel charged the same neighborhood here involving old buildings "There's just a lot of dope fiends on this block, bums." that Sadlowski and his supporters with open stairwells has taken the lives of ten people, Echoing press reports he said, "This wouldn't have "want to turn the labor movement into ineluding a one-year-old girl. Still others of the 30 happened it there wasn't a gang fight going on_ The a political movement. If that injured in the December 20 fire are not expected to live. investigators called it arson. Only gasoline could have happens," he said, "union members Yet fire officials say that the apartment house in the caused this to flare up like it did." would lose their militancy at the downtown area, mostly filled with Latino families, Arson investigators say the fire started from a bargaining table." "was not in violation of safety codes because it was flammable material directly under the stairs, blocking Abel's own brand of "militancy" was only two stories high." the exit. However the fire started, it could not have shown in his brief remarks on the The fire, which exploded through the fifty-year-old spread as it did except for a combination of an open upcoming copper industry Witmer Street building, was within blocks of the stairwell, thin walls, and a lack of fire doors. negotiations. "The copper industry is Stratford Courts fire which took twenty-four lives in the worst condition it has been in in Two days after the deadly fire, the building was a long time," he said, signaling that November 15, 1973, in the worst fire in the city's boarded up and a big pile of burned clothing, furniture the USWA won't ask much from the history. The three-story Stratford apartment house and toys was stacked in front. The street looked serene corporations. also had an open stairwell, which had been ordered in the bright sunlight. enclosed two years before. No work had been done on But Adolpho Fuentes, a busboy from Mexico, spoke There are about 14,000 USWA it. in Spanish of the horror he witnessed two nights members in Arizona, most of them in "A building like this is nothing more than a furnace before from his home across the street. copper or in small, scattered with a chimney," the battalion fire chief said at the "People were screaming as the flames and smoke fabricating shops. The major shop here time. shot way up," he said. "Many were jumping out of the in Phoenix is Marathon Steel, which Fire at the Ponet Hotel, a similar building in the upper windows. I saw one man with a child under each employs :300-400 men-and no women. same area, took nineteen lives in September 1970. A arm-blood all over them-jump from the second Socialists have begun selling the city ordinance passed at that time required that open floor.'' Militant there regularly, three or four stairwells be enclosed but exempted those under three Two women in late pregnancies lost their expected copies each time. On our first trip, we stories high. By late 197:3, there were still about 1,400 babies. One of the women died a few days later. also sold four copies of the Pathfinder buildings in the city with open stairwells, which suck "XVIII", a symbol of the Eighteenth Street barrio, Press pamphlet The Fight for Union up the heat and smoke. These firetraps were waiting to seen all over the city, was painted on the front of the Democracy in Steel. explode and kill again-while their owners took in rent death building. Nearby was a Spanish-English dic­ Incidentally, Abel plans to retire in profits. tionary and a child's paper headband with "Alberto" Sun City, a retirement complex near printed inside in a childish scrawl. Phoenix. The entire community is Fire Capt. Ray Carpenter told the Militant that One wonders, where is little Alberto now? If he lives, owned by the Del Webb corporation, these buildings are no longer fire hazards or were torn what burn scars and which is being struck by the down since 197:3. A visual survPy indicates otherwise. construction trades. There was an nightmares will he carry The owner of a building similar to the one where the with him for the rest of article on this in the December 24 December 20 tragedy took place and located across the Militant. his life? street, looked over the gutted-out building with a The unions have called for a boycott While the news media Militant reporter. play up arson and the on buying homes in Sun City~ Abel's "So I have an open stairwell," he said, "but it's only action exposes his lack of trade-union possibility of street gang solidarity. two stories high. What do you want me to do, tear it activity in the Witmer C.F. down?" Street fire, the real crimi­ Phoenix. Arizona "I can't tear it down," he said defensively, "the nals are the profiteering banks owns it with me." building owners and city Then he expressed his callous prejudices: "There's officials who permit open­ overcrowding in these buildings," he said. "You rent a stairwell death traps_ unit and they sneak others in." -Della Rossa Not liked by parole board I .am a prisoner in New York State. Please stop sending me the Militant­ not because I don't want it, but because I'm facing problems with my parole board because of it. The central prison administrative iLa Raza en Acci6n! office sent down a directive stating that prisoners can subscribe to any newspaper or magazine they want, but prison officials can withhold a Miguel Pendas particular edition that they feel is a "security risk.'' ~Alien' rip-offs? This has happened. Most recently they held back the December 3 Leonard Chapman, director of the U.S. Immigration hardest jobs and earn the lowest wages_ They do pay Militant, which featured a front-page and Naturalization Service, issued his latest racist taxes but they don't use social services, because they story on the National Student diatribe against "illegal aliens" in an article in the are afraid of getting caught by la migra. Conference Against Racism. October issue of Reader's Digest. Despite their impoverished circumstances, only 0.5 Also, I'm being victimized for my His venom has become familiar by now: percent of those interviewed had ever received welfare_ choice of newspapers. When I went "They are milking the U.S. taxpayer of $la billion Only 1.3 percent had ever received food stamps, and before my third parole board, they annually by taking away jobs from legal residents and only 4.0 percent had ever collected unemployment denied parole on the grounds that my forcing them into unemployment; by illegally acquir­ benefits. institutional activities show that I ing welfare ber efits and public services; by avoiding Only 27 percent of the undocumented workers had have not been "rehabilitated" and that taxes. used hospitals or clinics, and only 8 percent had I "have not stayed out of trouble." "Illegal aliens and their offspring also benefit from children in school (either here or in Mexico). There's no basis for this. public services such as . . . medical care, and free The average wage for Mexicans interviewed was For now, then, I've decided to cancel education. Few, if any, pay their share of the cost." $2.33. The average U.S. wage is $4.47. my subscription. Hopefully, this will Chapman cites some "examples:" "During the first This study shows that Chapman's "examples" of help my chances of getting released week of February," he says, "130 illegal aliens were how we are supposedly getting ripped off by undocu­ when I go before the next parole board. arrested in Yakima; Wash. Of these, 33 held food mented workers are totally isolated and misleading-if In the future, when I am eventually stamps to which they were not entitled, 17 more in fact he didn't just make them up entirely. paroled, I shall continue my study of occupied low-cost government housing, 16 were illegal­ your paper and maybe become a ly on welfare." Even if it were true that undocumented workers were member of the Socialist Workers party_ A prisoner He also cites the case of a person caught working receiving the meager social benefits that Chapman New York "illegally" as a metallurgical engineer for $12,000 a falsely accuses them of, where is the crime in that? year, and that of an "illegal" working on the Alaska Undocumented workers are human beings too! pipeline for $11 an hour. "We located two aliens," he They contribute to the wealth of this society much claims, "who had run up medical bills of $33,000 and more than they get from it_ They perform useful and $70,000." necessary labor for much lower wages than the "Though these .. _ examples may seem shocking," average person. They should be entitled to full legal The letters column is an open Chapman contends, "I can assure you they are rights and social benefits_ forum for all viewpoints on sub­ routine." La migra can only hope to prejudice workers who jects of general interest to our Assurances are all we get, however. Proof IS are citizens against the undocumented by using half­ readers. Please keep your letters impossible because Chapman's arguments are as truths, misleading examples and "statistics," racist brief. Where necessary they will dishonest as they are racist. stereotypes, and outright lies. The truth is on our side_ be abridged. Please indicate if A year ago, the Labor Department studied a Their shameless lies must be exposed. your name may be used or if you representative sampling of hundreds of immigrants In my next column, I will take up Chapman's threat prefer that your initials be used who were about to be deported. The study shows that to launch a terror campaign against mexicanos under instead. undocumented workers are mercilessly exploited" in the the pretense of creating jobs for citizens.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 11 F~~~:~t :;~~e~~ c~:~en~~onknow are already willing to join the Student OUNO SOCIALIS,.s Coalition Against Racism. I go to a high school where everyone is opposed • Af • to racism, except maybe some of the Convent1on sets r1qa, ;;~i:~£:,:t:.~:E:~: 's r·lghts campaigns :~t!~ea!!aJ~~c~d2~/:~~~-~!m~~~. Women ~~~ i:c~:orr~:/~~~:rt~it~:t i~\~~ possibly get a couple of teleVISIOn appearances. Exiled South African poet Dennis Brutus spoke at the convention rally Saturday night. One of the many banners in the convention hall read, "No U.S. support to So. African ra­ cism! All out March 25-26!" Pointing to the banner, Brutus said: "I hope you will commit yourselves, wherever you are, to so massive and so impressive a demonstration of solidari­ ty that this too-like your legal battle [against government spying]-will be a turning point in the struggle against racism, exploitation, and imperialism everywhere." Women's rights YSA women's liberation director Nancy Brown reported to the conven­ tion on "Women's Rights Under Attack-How to Fight Back." After describing the setbacks suffered by women during 1976, Brown said: "For women, it's Catch-22. It's al­ most impossible to get a good job because affirmative-action programs j ' De egates at YSA national convent on are being axed. If we have an unwant­ ed pregnancy, it's harder and harder for us to get abortions. "Then after we're literally forced into By Nancy Cole annual convention. It was held De­ for the YSA this spring. First is cember 31-January 2 in downtown helping to build a massive movement motherhood, we can't get maternity CHICAGO-At its national conven­ in this country to defend the South benefits. And then we can't get child tion here New Year's weekend, the Chicago during some of the coldest weather the Windy City has seen this African struggle against U.S.-backed care because all the funds have been Young Socialist Alliance took stock of apartheid. slashed. its 1976 accomplishments and its goals century. In addition to participants from The second is to bring to the cam­ "Women on the high school and for 1977. puses and high schools the perspective college campuses can set an example After three days of reports, discus­ twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia, observers from socialist of a fighting feminist movement that of how to organize a response to the sions, workshops, classes, and a rally, can turn back the growing attacks on attacks on women's rights and show it was clear that the socialist youth groups in Canada, Japan, and Puerto Rico attended the convention. women's rights. "In 1976 the YSA was part of IF YOU WANT TO BE PART OF significant campus struggles in many 'Important role' THIS MOVEMENT ... contact the parts of the country," reported Rick YSA chapter nearest you. See "As students living in a country Berman. The convention elected Ber­ which is one of the major props of the Socialist Directory, page 31. Or man YSA national chairperson. These white-minority regime, we have an write YSA, P.O. Box 471, Cooper struggles ranged from "defending important role to play in the African Station, New York, N.Y. 10003. preferential admissions in the Univer­ freedom struggle," said Cathy Sedwick sity of California schools, to the fight in her report on "The Fight Against group came through the bicentennial against the death penalty in Georgia, Racism in Southern Africa and the year as an effective force in the to defending Gary Tyler in New United States." nation's student movement. Orleans, to fighting the cutbacks in the Sedwick pointed to the call by the More than ever before in its sixteen­ City University of New York." National Student Coalition Against year history, the YSA is a student Just as impressive as the YSA's 1976 Racism (NSCAR) for coordinated ac­ group and a part of the life of some accomplishments are its 1977 plans. tions across the country March 25-26 to seventy campuses and high schools The delegates, elected as representa­ protest U.S. aid to South African tives to the convention by their chap­ where it has chapters. apartheid. Seven hundred registered for the ters, approved two central campaigns This is "an important first step toward building the nationwide move­ South African Dennis Brutus. 'Commit ment needed to get the U.S. out of yourselves to demonstration of southern Africa," she said. solidarity that can be turning point in South African student A number of American campuses struggle.' have ties to the racist regimes in southern Africa. Exposing this com­ sends message to YSA plicity could be an important part of Tape-recorded greetings trom gathering of students, because just campus activities March 25-26, Sed­ the way forward for the women's South African student leader as students in Soweto played a role wick suggested. liberation movement," Brown said. Tsietsi Mashinini were played to in sparking mass struggles this Discussion of her report showed that She urged support for the meetings the national convention of the summer in South Africa, militant the kind of movement needed to aid the and speak-outs planned around Janu­ Young Socialist Alliance. students in the United States have South African freedom fighters is off to ary 22, the anniversary of the U.S. Mashinini is the former presi- played and can play such a role in a good start. Supreme Court ruling that legalized dent of the Soweto Students America. Delegate Melvin Chappell from the abortion. March 8, International Representative Council and was South Africa is key to the interna­ YSA in East Side New York described Women's Day, can be another focus for a central leader of the June 16, tional situation and to the freedom the opportunities for the upcoming such activities. 1976, student revolt in Soweto. of Black people the world over. It is NSCAR-sponsored tours of two South Caryl Sholin, from the Seattle Cen­ Mashinini, who now lives in your responsibility as revolutionary African student leaders. When one of tral Community College chapter, exile in London, visited the students in America to build a them, Tsietsi Mashinini, toured New talked about the YSA's strategy for the United States this fall. movement in solidarity with the York City recently, a meeting in women's movement: He will return to this country struggle of South African Blacks Harlem drew 300 people. "The ruling class is testing women," in the spring for a tour spon- and against U.S. complicity with the "It was the first time SCAR was able she said. "They're trying to see exactly sored by the National Student bloodthirsty, barbaric South African to organize a meeting in Harlem and how much we'll take. If we accept Coalition Against Racism. regime. attract people from the community," attacks on the right to abortion with­ The text of his greetings fol- When I return to America this Chappell said. out an effective response, it will make lows. spring to tour the country, I hope to He also reported that at a meeting at it that much easier to attack day care, tind you all supporting the national Baruch College, sixty people signed up affirmative action, and the Equal demonstrations called by NSCAR to join SCAR after hearing Mashinini. Rights Amendment." I would like to take this time to for March 25-26. Delegate Joy Becker described the send greetings to the national con­ Long live the South African revo­ 'Completely aggressive' Women's Action Coalition the YSA vention of the Young Socialist Al­ lution! Long live the Young Socialist "We plan to be completely aggressive helped initiate on the San Francisco liance. Alliance! A luta continua! [The in our efforts to build a movement State University campus. Your convention is an important struggle continues!] against U.S. involvement in South "Within the first week we had eighty . Africa,"· Houston delegate Veronica women signed up to work on women's

12 right to choose an abortion," she said. that's also going to get students stirred "All the trends th~at we've seen'in "When we sifted through that, we had up." society as a whole are also present in at least fourteen very active women In convention discussion and a the high schools and college cam­ who would speak in classes, who would workshop devoted to the defense effort, puses," Berman said in his report on be at the [literature] table every day. YSA activists reaffirmed the national "Socialist Strategy for 1977." "I don't think this is any kind of importance of defeating this frame-up. He described the cutbacks faced by exception," she said. Everyone agreed that with similar students, the attacks on preferential harassment of student activists occur­ admissions, and the soaring rate of Michigan defense case ring all over the country, a victory in unemployment for young people, espe­ The convention set another national Michigan will teach campus bureau­ cially Black youth. focus for YSA activity this spring. crats everywhere a sorely needed les­ The convention discussed the YSA's Unlike the campaigns around South son. continuing participation in struggles Africa and women's rights, this one against educational cutbacks and in was chosen for the YSA by the defense of school desegregation. administration at Central Michigan The YSA also pledged to step up its University in Mount Pleasant. efforts against the death penalty and Three YSA members-Brigid Dou­ in support of frame-up victims, such as glas, Jim Garrison, and Tom Smith­ Gary Tyler and the Wilmington Ten. were arrested at CMU October 20 and In a presentation on the Chicano charged with trespassing and occupy­ student movement, Mike Zarate ex­ ing a university building. In reality, plained the threat posed by the Califor­ 'Who will be next?' asked California the three were distributing literature nia Supreme Court's "Bakke decision." delegate Reiko Obata in discussion on for the Socialist Workers party's elec­ White student Allan Bakke claimed, racist affirmative-action court ruling. tion campaign outside a public meet­ and the court agreed, that he was ing. "discriminated" against when he was They each face $1,650 in fines and rejected by the University of California six months in jail. Davis Medical School. The school system, who will be next?" asked Reiko Douglas told the convention rally policy sets aside 16 out of 100 admis­ Obata, a delegate from Berkeley. that school officials had them arrested sions for Blacks, Chicanos, and other Two Chicago representatives of "because they are afraid our ideas will minorities. FUSP (Federaci6n Universitaria Socia­ get students 'all stirred up,' a~ one Convention delegates from Califor­ lista Puertorriquefia-Federation of administration bureaucrat put it. Well, nia led the discussion on the need to Puerto Rican Socialist University Stu­ they're right. Our ideas will get stu­ fight this ruling, now before the U.S. dents) participated in a panel at the dents stirred up. ruce us Supreme Court. Puerto Rican student movement work­ "And when the administration tries Brigid Douglas, one of three Michigan "If Bakke succeeds and the ruling shop. to stop students from hearing those YSA members arrested for leafleting a class overturns affirmative action for They urged joint activity between ideas by arresting socialist activists, campus meeting. minorities in California's university Continued on next page ~our struggle is the same as yours' The following are excerpts Motoko Kurokawa, Japanese is the secret police agencies them­ In English Canada, the YS consol­ from greetings to the Young Communist Youth. selves that represent the greatest idated its base on campus through Socialist Alliance national con­ The Japanese Communist Youth danger to the liberty of all Ameri- struggles against budget cuts, vention. Those from U.S. groups is an organization of young Trotsky­ cans. against Canadian complicity in and individuals were read to the ists that was formed in February Our struggle is the same as yours. apartheid, and for actions around convention rally, January 1. 1975 under the banner of the Asian The coverage you have given our [the] October 14 [general strike]. The three international guests revolution and socialism. effort demonstrates that you agree. In the last year we have tripled at the convention delivered their We Trotskyist militants are striv­ We know we can count on your our student forces in Quebec, espe­ remarks with translation during ing to advance to the fore of this new wholehearted support as we battle to cially through our work in the major the proceedings. revolutionary wave in Asia. We will save the Freedom of Information Act struggles of the Quebec student Greetings were received from grow to become the future majority and bring the principle of accounta­ movement. other Trotskyist groups in Aus­ of the Japanese youth movement. bility to the judiciary. tralia, Canada, France, Iceland, The future belongs to youth. We will continue to support your Juanita Tyler, mother of Gary and New Zealand. efforts. We look forward to continued Tyler, a Black frame-up victim Robert Meeropol, Michael close contact between the Young from Destrehan, Louisiana. Natascha Lopez, Internation­ Meeropol, National Committee Socialist Alliance, the Socialist Thank you for your efforts on alist Workers League, Puerto to Reopen the Rosenberg Case. Workers party, the Political Rights behalf of my son, Gary Tyler, who as Rico. We'd like to take this opportunity Defense Fund, and our struggle to you know is innocent of the murder We would like to share with you to extend our feelings of solidarity to reopen our parents' case. charge against him. I am counting the celebration of the first year of you, and to express our continued on your continued support to free publication of our newspaper, La support for the Political Rights him. As you know, fighting for his Verdad. The largest number of Defense Fund suit. Serge Morin, Young Socialists freedom and winning will mean foreign subscriptions that were ob­ We have our own massive Free­ /Ligue des Jeunes Socialistes, another blow against racism. tained for that paper were here in dom of Information Act suit in Canada. I hope the new year will bring this the United States. which we are attempting to force the Several important developments victory. One of our goals is to increase our release of over five million FBI files have taken place in the Canadian circulation, especially in the Puerto relating to the frame-up of our student movement in the last year. Cheung K weng, Revolutionary Rican communities of the United parents, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. In Quebec since the foundation of Communist Youth, China. States. Our suit seeks to expose the truth the Association Nationale des Etu­ The success of the Socialist For us, la verdad [the truth] is the surrounding the vicious political diants du Quebec [National Associa­ Workers party's election campaign only force capable of mobilizing murder of our parents in order to tion of Quebec Students] several which you supported, the extensive millions of the oppressed in the expose the myth that government stt•dent struggles have taken place. press coverage received by your struggle against injustice, exploita­ secrecy is necessary in order to Last spring sixteen junior colleges lawsuit against government political tion, and for the total liberation of protect our national security. and universities walked out to sup­ harassment, the important role the all humanity. For as Leon Trotsky port the struggles of the common YSA has played in the fight against once said, truth is the motor force of We are also seeking to demon­ front of the public and parapublic racism, and your increasing influ­ history. strate that domestic radicalism is sector. This consists of teachers, ence on campus inspire Trotskyist not a foreign-run conspiracy. We are support staff in schools, hospital youth here. showing the American people that it workers, etc. They are a promising sign of the growth of the Trotskyist movement Anne Braden, longtime civil in the U.S. rights leader. We wish you success in your For us who live and work in the discussion and preparing yourselves South, the new year will bring many to meet the new challenges in the new challenges and many urgent new year. battles. We must beat back the resurgence of racism, defend the Leonard Boudin, prominent right of unions to organize, win constitutional attorney repre­ freedom for all those jailed because senting the YSA and Socialist they fought for human rights and Workers party in their lawsuit because of racism, guarantee that no against government spying. executions take place under the I want to congratulate the YSA, as revived death penalty laws. I have the SWP, on the magnificent All these battles need the energy contribution that its litigation and commitment of more . young against the federal government is people than have yet joined the making for the preservation of civil struggle. I hope that all of us­ liberties and democracy in this coun­ young and not-so-young, and of try. varying political persuasions-can It is not often that litigation can find ways of working together to win Militant/Bruce Marcus have an important effect on political victories for the people's movement Convention delegates and guests heard greetings from Canadian, Japanese, life. This case appears to be the this year. and Puerto Rican socialists. exception.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 13 Continued from preceding page dents who came to the convention from FUSP and the YSA on such issues as the Northeast Houston YSA chapter defense of the five Puerto Rican were a source of inspiration for the Gov't pesticide control nationalist prisoners and of the vic­ entire gathering. Their three women tims of a Chicago grand jury currently · delegates all spoke during the plenary on a fishing expedition against Puerto discussions. They brought plenty of program called flop Rican "terrorists." ideas and spirit. By Steve Wattenmaker beyond the corridors of the EPA. Other workshops covered the YSA's And they represent what the YSA is Government efforts to regulate poi­ As early as 1962 Rachel Carson activities in high schools, support to on the way to becoming. sonous pesticides are in "chaos," warned in her book Silent Spring that labor struggles, defense of internation­ according to a Senate subcommittee the pesticides chlordane and al political prisoners, and the YSA and report published January 2. heptachlor-manufactured exclusively SWP's lawsuit against the FBI and A ten-month study of the Environ­ by Velsicol-could cause irreversible CIA. mental Protection Agency's pesticide destruction to the environment. NewYSA registration program accused the EPA The government did nothing. But Student movement of making a "conscious policy deci­ Velsicol tried to stop publication of "It's important here to understand sion" not to review safety test data Silent Spring by warning publisher that the aim of the capitalist class is officers submitted by pesticide manufacturers. Houghton-Mifflin that "sinister influ­ not to substantially reduce the relative Under provisions of the 1972 Federal ences" seeking to undermine Western size of the college student population, Environmental Pesticide Control Act, agriculture were behind Carson's book. but rather to rechannel it to fit their the EPA was required to determine the Two years later the Public Health needs," Berman told the convention. safety of all pesticide products that Service blamed Velsicol for dumping "So there's no need to worry that the had entered the market over the past the pesticide endrin into the Mississip­ student population will disappear, or thirty years-some fifty thousand pi River, causing a massive fish kill play a reduced role in American polit­ chemical compounds. downstream from its Memphis, Ten­ ics." The Senate Subcommittee on Admi­ nessee, plant. At last year's national convention, nistrative Practice and Procedure, Despite these and other serious the YSA decided to reorganize. Up chaired by Sen. Edward Kennedy (D­ question marks over Velsicol and its until then the YSA was organized into Mass.), charged the EPA had misman­ products, the U.S. Agency for Interna­ city-wide locals. Over the past year aged the pesticide review and actually tional Development bought $4 million these locals divided into separate retested only about one-third of the worth of chlordane, heptachlor, Phos­ campus and high school chapters. products under study. vel, and endrin for shipment overseas This change has made it easier for EPA administrator Russell Train in the early 1970s. the YSA to expand to new schools, win RICK BERMAN threw the blame back on Congress, It was not until 1976 that any new members, and become more a part complaining that the environment government body initiated action to of campus life. agency had been given too little time halt production of these ecologically Despite some inevitable problems and too little money to do the job deadly poisons. and confusion, "it worked," reported adequately. A clue to the government's sympa­ Chuck Petrin in a "Building the YSA" Stung by the scandal surrounding thetic treatment of Velsicol was re­ report. the pesticide Phosvel (see accompany­ vealed in the December 14, 1976, Petrin reported that the YSA now ing story on this page), the subcommit­ Washington Post. The Post reported has some 800 members. This drop in tee charged that the "superficiality of that Velsicol is owned by Northwest membership from the last convention, the EPA's scientific review" allowed Industries, whose president is Ben he explained, is linked to the YSA's Phosvel to remain on the market. Heineman, an industrialist with long­ decision at that time to concentrate all In fact, both the EPA andCongress established ties to the White House. of its forces on the campuses and high share responsibility for allowing the Heineman was reportedly one of the schools. $100-billion-a-year chemical industry finalists under consideration by After the 1975 convention, Petrin to ride roughshod over health and President-elect Jimmy Carter for secre­ said, many YSA members who were environmental safety. tary of the treasury. also members of the Socialist Workers The Senate report was little more The Velsicol-Washington connection party-and who were not in school­ than a sop to deflect mounting public is only one example of government left the YSA to devote their energies to criticism of the government's cozy complicity in allowing dangerous CATHY SEDWICK building the SWP. relationship with DuPont, Dow, Mon­ chemicals to flood the market. At the same time, Petrin said, "the santo, and other chemical giants. For the past four years Congress YSA has more student members than In the case of V elsicol Chemical debated the Toxic Substances Control ever in its history." More than 500 Corporation-manufacturers of Act, aimed at regulating chemicals not members are students, compared with Phosvel-the record shows that re­ currently licensed by the EPA, the 300 at the last convention. sponsibility for the tragedy spreads far Continued on page 30 To help win new members to the YSA, the convention voted to launch several outreach campaigns. First is a drive to sell 7,000 copies each month of the Young Socialist newspaper. The YSA also plans to join in a spring Militant sales effort. Nightmare in Bayport Fifteen Young Socialist teams will be By Marc Shaver deaths attributed to Phosvel, the on the road this spring. These trail­ BAYPORT, Tex.-"They never Environmental Protection Agency blazing teams will introduce socialism said it was a poison," recalled a granted Velsicol a "tolerance" for to campuses by setting up literature former employee of the Velsicol leptophos in the spring of 1974. tables, selling the Militant and Young Chemical Corporation in this indus­ The tolerance ruling allowed small Socialist, talking to students about the CHUCK PETRIN trial suburb of Houston. From 1971 amounts of leptophos to appear on YSA's Africa and women's rights until January 1976, Velsicol manu­ imported tomatoes and lettuce-an campaigns, and campaigning for So­ factured leptophos, a highly toxic important halfway step to full appro­ cialist Workers party candidates. pesticide, and marketed it abroad val of Phosvel for use in this coun­ During the past two years, Petrin under the brand name Phosvel. try. reported, the YSA teams sold 24,000 Now, at least seven former In fact, Phosvel's dangers have copies of the YS and 30,000 Militants, CHICAGO-The Young Socialist workers at the nonunion plant are been known since 1969 when tests and they recruited 400 people to the Alliance National Committee met suffering from severe and perma­ were conducted by Velsicol before socialist movement. here following its convention to nent nerve damage as a result of the pesticide went into production. The convention also approved a elect the organization's officers for their exposure to leptophos. Symp­ Despite evidence that leptophos was national fund drive for $21,000-23,000. the coming year. toms range from a choking sensa­ unsafe, the Bayport plant went into Elected as national chairperson tion and blurred vision to loss of full production of the poisonous Important trend was Rick Berman, twenty-six. Ber­ memory and partial paralysis. agent in 1971. Aside from the increase in student man was the YSA's national or­ Phosvel worker Esequiel De La After several Phosvel workers membership, the convention showed ganizational secretary during 1976. Torre was initially sent to a mental became ill in 1975, a medical consul­ another important trend in the YSA. He joined the YSA while an acti­ institution after finding his ability tant called in by Velsicol strongly More women and oppressed national vist in the anti-Vietnam War move­ to walk, speak, and remember im­ advised that the manufacture of the minorities are joining and becoming ment in 1970. paired. Strapping ex-paratrooper pesticide be immediately halted. leaders of the organization. Twenty-two-year-old Cathy Sed­ John Wright was reduced to a Company officials ignored this ad­ Forty-five percent, or 315, of the wick is the YSA's new national scrawny 110 pounds-crippled with vice. convention participants were women, secretary. She is a member of the a deteriorating spine and other "It was a nightmare situation," and 116 were oppressed minorities. Of National Alliance of Black Femi­ symptoms that resemble multiple said former Velsicol supervisor Ray­ the latter, 76 were Black. nists. Last fall Sedwick toured sclerosis. mond David, who resigned after The delegate representation was Black campuses in the South to protesting the lack of safety precau­ even more striking. Of the 187 total, 84 win support for the Socialist Leptophos was never approved for tions at the plant. "The company were women and 40 minorities. Workers party's presidential cam­ use in the United States. It was sold had an opportunity to stop it after And it was evident during the paign. She joined the group in only to foreign customers or pur­ the second man got sick, but they convention proceedings. For example, spring 1975. chased by the federal government didn't take the opportunity," David under the "Socialist Strategy for 1977" Chuck Petrin, twenty-four, was for distribution as foreign aid. said. report, more than half the speakers elected national organizational In 1971 Egyptian health officials Although production of leptophos were women. secretary. He is a former staff established that Phosvel had killed was halted early in 1976, Velsicol The YSA's national committee elect­ member of the National Student 1,200 water buffalo. Further investi­ continues to ship its inventories of ed by the delegates at the end of the Coalition Against Racism. More gations revealed that some Egyptian Phosvel overseas, and the Bayport convention is nearly 50 percent women recently, he edited the monthly villagers had died after exposure to plant remains in full operation and 45 percent oppressed minorities. newspaper, the Young Socialist. the pesticide. manufacturing EPN, an equally Three are high school students. Petrin joined the YSA in 1970. Yet with full knowledge of the dangerous pesticide. The fifteen Black high school stu-

14 Special THE MILITANT steel supplement

WhatS at stake for all working people ED SADLOWSKI By Ed Heisler ty for steelworkers to get rid of some of these The February 8 vote in the United Steelworkers of braying misleaders. America for a new president and other top officers But Steelworkers Fight Back is not only an is of vital importance to steelworkers, to members of election campaign. Thousands of steelworkers are other unions, and to all working people in this getting active in union affairs for the first time. country. They sense the possibility of transforming their This is no run-of-the-mill union election. Big union into a powerful, fighting organization where issues are at stake. the membership decides union policy and imple­ The slate headed by Lloyd McBride defends the ments those decisions. old policies of outgoing President I.W. Abel. Abel Such a movement does not stop in one union. It signed away steelworkers' right to strike with the inspires other workers. It will spread throughout the Experimental Negotiating Agreement. labor movement because it is a genuine response to He set up joint labor-management "productivity the problems that plague all unions today. Steel­ committees" that have wiped out tens of thousands workers Fight Back can be the beginning of a huge of jobs. rank-and-file movement to shake up and democrat­ He defends steel industry price hikes and joins ize the entire American labor movement. Even beyond the bounds of the organized union the employers' call for import restrictions to protect movement, workers-especially minority groups their monopoly prices and profits. and all who are victims of. discrimination-have Abel's policy has permitted the steel corporations good reason to hail the changes that have begun in to ignore union grievances; speed up .production steel. lines; discriminate against Blacks, Chicanos, and For Black, Chicano, Puerto Rican, and women women; and throw job safety out the window. workers, this is a chance to fight for a basic change The Steelworkers Fight Back slate, headed by Ed that will give them power and equality. Steel­ Sadlowski, stands for basic changes in policy and workers Fight Back is their ready-made tool. They control of the union. have only to make full use of it. Sadlowski campaigns for membership control of One of the principles repeated over and over by all union affairs. Ed Sadlowski is that racism is incompatible with For the right of the members to vote on their unionism and that labor must be in the forefront of contracts. the struggle against discrimination. For the right to strike. "The American labor movement has got to For worker control of safety conditions on the job. develop into a cause," Sadlowski says, a cause like The Fight Back candidates explain how the the union movement of the 1930s and like the organized power of union men and women is United Farm Workers today. This points toward a paralyzed by the union leadership's collaboration labor movement that really puts its muscle behind lose their militancy at the bargaining table." Since with the bosses. the fight for desegregation, for affirmative action, when has Abel's policy-political support to the "The workers and the boss have nothing in for the Equal Rights Amendment, and other social Democratic party-ever advanced union militancy? common," Sadlowski declares. "It is a class ques­ struggles. Never! tion." These stated positions of Steelworkers Fight Back The USW A and other unions this fall spent will be put into action to the extent that minorities millions of dollars of the members' money to elect Why unions were organized Jimmy Carter-and already he's backing down on It takes head-on struggle by the workers to defend and women are active in the leadership of this every campaign promise he made to workers. Why their interests against the employers, day in and movement. not use those resources to organize a new political day out, in every way possible. That is why unions After the election party, a labor party? were organized in the first place. Regardless of the outcome of the February 8 vote, The truth is that working people do not have any But most giant unions like the United Steel­ the struggle for militant and democratic unionism "friends" in government. Just as workers need workers have become housebroken and bureaucrat­ has only begun. "Just winning the seats we're unions that they run, that stand up for their ized over the years. Abel, McBride, and their fellow vying for is not going to do us any damn bit of good interests against the employers, workers also need bureaucrats seek only to hang onto their high-paid after February 8," Sadlowski tells union members, their own political instrument-a labor party that is posts and get along with the boss as best they c~m. "if we don't have you on our side as a strong, viable run by workers and that fights for the needs of all And they certainly don't want dues-paying force within our union. Organize. Organize around working people. members interfering with their "union business." the premise of what you want this union to be." A mass labor party based on the unions could run They are the kind of "leaders" once referred to by Even if Sadlowski loses, the gains made during workers for office and challenge the political John L. Lewis when he likened the workers to this campaign can be building blocks for the next domination of the two big-business parties. It could "lions led by asses." stage of the movement for union democracy. organize huge protest campaigns to end unemploy­ The Sadlowski challenge in steel is an opportuni- The issues that face the union movement today ment, provide a decent standard of living for all, will not be resolved by a single election, nor by and eradicate poverty and discrimination. It could Ed Heisler is a member of the Socialist Workers victories in a series of union elections. Many of the replace the political rule of the tiny capitalist party National Committee. A railroad worker for issues now debated in the steelworkers union minority with the democratic, majority rule of the ten years in Chicago, he was the organizer of a require a political solution. workers. struggle in the United Transportation Union from Abel attacks Fight Back for wanting to "turn the The campaign to transform the steelworkers 1969 to 1972 to win the right of the membership to labor movement into a political movement." He union is the beginning of the fight to build that vote on contracts. claims that "if that happens, union members would kind of labor movement.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 15 Sadlowskispeaksou UNION BUREAUCRACY , ·· ·· as a nuisance and as an interference with their ability to run the union as they please. Steelworkers have paid and paid dearly for union I trust the intelligence and good sense of steelworkers. executives who think like businessmen, act like busi­ I will respond to their wishes and work to meet their nessmen, and feel more at home with big businessmen demands. That's why I have fought for over a decade to than with workers. We have had enough of this so­ guarantee each member the right to vote on his or her called mature unionism of I.W. Abel and his handpicked contract. successor McBride. And we have paid enough with our Any contract that's ever signed in the steelworkers dues, our jobs, our health, and our lives. union after we're elected is going to be submitted to the If we learned nothing else, it is that bureaucratic membership for ratification. unionism works well for the companies and the union leaders who have a cozy relationship with them. But it JOB SAFETY does a poor job for the workers. Our union's leaders are sitting on productivity Many occupational diseases and injuries can be committees to help management find more ways to do prevented if our union does its job. We need the right to away with our jobs; and they are sitting with corporate shut down hazardous operations without the loss of executives in plush clubs, sipping martinis and toasting pay; to conduct on-site inspections at employer expense; to the companies' continued prosperity. and to have health and safety committees in every local with the resources and the teeth to do an effective job. If the compani~s protected their profits as poorly as our union has protected its members' jobs, they'd be out What you've got to do is say that job's unsafe, it's of business. And that's what must happen to the Abel­ unsafe now, and it's not going to be worked until it's McBride'leadership. We must retire them from business corrected. And the employee isn't going to lose any unionism, so that we can return to aggressive, effective money. You shut the job down. You'd be amazed at how labor unionism. readily he'll correct the unsafe condition when you're capable of doing that. It's corrected within minutes. RIGHT TO STRIKE GRIEVANCES [The Experimental Negotiating Agreement (ENA) was signed in 1973 by Abel and the basic I can think of no more frustrating job in the world steel corporations. ENA prohibits industry-wide today than being a grievanceman on the shop floor. The strikes through 1980.] man's hands are tied, he's chained. How many The right to strike is the origin of the workers' power grievancemen you know, myself included, have told the and any industrial democracy that will mean a better guy, "Well Joe, morally you're right, contractually share of the wealth for us cannot be had by abandoning you're wrong." Well, goddamn it if the guy's morally that right. right, he's right. It's just that simple. You start putting ENA is completely opposite to what the labor muscle into that labor agreement so that when he's movement should be all about. It's taken all of the morally right he's going to be right. We'll start making bargaining muscle out of your arm. It strips your that employer respect that grievance committeeman on collective bargaining muscle right down to the bone. It that shop floor. allows this industry to walk all over you, run rampant, and to pay you a mere pittance. JOB SECURITY We've got less people employed today in basic steel RIGHT TO VOTE because of the tremendous technological advancements The old leadership has consistently been opposed to in that industry. Fifteen years ago you had 525,000 requiring contract ratification. They regard ratification steelworkers, today you have 357,000 employed. They're Blacks, Chicanos, wome Blacks, Chicanos, and women in Sadlowski. "It didn't give the people the largest national caucus of Black and thereby advance the unity of all steel suffer from discriminatory enough tools to correct the situation. It steelworkers, is backing the Sadlowski workers. Only through such un.ity hiring and promotion policies. has to go a lot further than it has. It slate. shall we be able to aggressively pursue They are the hardest hit by hasn't eliminated discrimination and The Cleveland chapter of the Coali­ the economic agenda of the labor layoffs. Often minorities are we've still got a big job ahead of us." tion of Black Trade Unionists voted to movement." forced into the most dangerous The Fight Back slate includes Oliver support the Fight Back campaign and Operation PUSH leader Jesse Jack­ jobs-the coke ovens, blast fur­ Montgomery, a longtime fighter for organized a fund-raising event for son made a similar point at a Chicago naces, smelters, and mines. They Black rights in the union, as candidate Montgomery December 18. testimonial dinner for Oliver Montgo­ pay the highest price for lax en­ for vice-president for human affairs. Curtis Strong, who is on the staff of mery last November. "The union needs forcement of safety conditions. Montgomery is a national executive the USWA's Civil Rights Department, a new direction, not just new leaders. These union members also face board member of the Coalition of told the Militant why he supports We have to change things from the discrimination in housing, educa­ Black Trade Unionists and chairper­ Steelworkers Fight Back. He calls bottom up." tion, and throughout society­ son of the Allegheny County AFL-CIO Sadlowski a "new breed" of unionist Jackson explained he stood "with discrimination the union has civil rights committee. who can "relate to the problem of the forces of rebellion ... with folks failed to combat. Fight Back has already won the Black workers." who have more to gain by fighting These workers, because they are support of many Black leaders and He listed Sadlowski's pledges to than by not fighting. We have got to the most oppressed, have the most organizations both inside and outside "integrate the staff of the union at all have change in the steel plants and to gain from the Steelworkers the labor movement. The Ad Hoc levels; to hire Black, Chicano, and you must win this election." Fight Back campaign. They are Committee of Concerned Steelworkers, female union staffers commensurate deeply alienated from the old with their percentage in the popula­ union leadership and are sure to tion; and to reactivate and enhance the * * * be the most militant and consist­ authority of the union's civil rights In many plants, mines, and mills ent fighters in the battle to trans­ department" as evidence of what under USW A contract-especially in form and revitalize the entire Sadlowski means to do. the Southwest-Chicanos are a major labor movement. Strong also pointed to Fight Back's· commitment to the right to vote on Black workers make up a large contracts. This means, he said, that "if proportion of the United Steelworkers a contract had discriminatory clauses, membership, especially in basic steel. we could reject it." Yet ever since the union was founded The importance to Black workers of the officialdom resisted Black de­ a victory for the militant policies mands for representation in the top advocated by Steelworkers Fight Back · leadership. was also stressed by John T. Williams. Only at last summer's USW A Williams is the business agent for convention-under the pressure of Teamsters Local 208 in Los Angeles. Sadlowski's challenge-did the Abel He is a longtime activist in the Black, machine open up a slot in the interna­ anti-Vietnam War, and labor move­ tional for a Black vice-president. ments. The 1974 consent decree between the "Too long have workers been separ­ union, industry, and the federal gov­ ated by race, by color, by creed, by sex, ernment took some steps to rectify job Militant/Ruth Robinett and by nationality," Williams said. discrimination but left many abuses Oliver Montgomery, Steelworkers Fight "Sadlowski is committed to a pro­ untouched. Back candidate for vice-president for gram designed to advance democratic Jesse Jackson, head of Operation "It's not forceful enough," says human affairs. trade unionism within the steel union PUSH.

16 t on issues in steel producmg 135 million anticipated tons of steel this year, fabricating. You've got a multitude of employers, and where fifteen years ago you were producing 88 million. one employer playing off the worker against another Now that says something about what the industry ha~;~ worker across the street. done, and what the union hasn't done to keep abreast. I One, I think we have to start negotiating things with think it's long overdue that we start talking about a common expiration dates in geographic areas. We have shorter workweek. Not just talking about it, but making to start looking at employers, in the Cleveland area for it a reality. example, as one employer-capable then of negotiating I looked at the policy resolutions that were submitted common expiration dates, common rates of pay, etc., in at the first wage-policy convention of the United that geographic area. The ultimate thing is that we then Steelworkers in 1937. And it called for a six-hour day. negotiate on a national basis. Now I see in 1964 David J. McDonald, who was the president of this union-because he understood the rumblings of the palace revolt that I.W. Abel was then leading-called for "Total Job Security." That's twelve years ago. I.W. Abel in his parting shot calls for "Total How you can Job Security." Now that platform was laid down in 1937. Abel's had twelve years as the president of this organization to do help organize little or nothing about it. And McDonald before him had Steelworkers Fight Back has no ready-made twelve years to do little or nothing about it. We need machine of staffers to turn out the vote. It will take more than just words in this day and age. We need your active participation-before and after the action. election-to change this union into what you want it to be. Some things everyone can do: PENSIONS • Start campaigning right away. Talk to people My pa is on pension. He put in thirty-eight years at in your plant or mill. Tell them about the Fight Inland Steel. He's drawing down $187 a month, I Back campaign. Put up stickers, pass out literature, believe. Well, he just got an increase, twenty bucks, and invite other unionists to help. probably $207 now. He can't make it. I don't know of • Join your local Sadlowski campaign organiza­ anybody that can make it out of that meager pension. tion. If one doesn't exist, start one. Contact the I believe very firmly that when an individual works national Steelworkers Fight Back headquarters. for twenty-five or thirty or thirty-five years and goes out Ask them for literature and the names of other on pension, that person should receive the same amount Fight Back campaigners in your area. of money on pension as if he was working. There should • Ed Sadlowski cannot win unless the votes are be no reduction. honestly counted on February 8. Any USWA member in good standing is qualified to be a poll watcher. Contact Fight Back to volunteer as a poll SMALL PLANTS watcher. Remember, not just your local but every I don't think just by virtue of someone working for local will have to be covered. U.S. Steel that that individual should be making more Contact: money and more benefits than someone who's working Steelworkers Fight Back for some small company. Their ambitions, their desires, 9271 South Chicago Avenue are the same as someone who \¥orks for one of the large Chicago, Illinois 60617 firms. Telephone (312) 721-0441 The majority of our members today are employed in mhave the most to gain part of the labor force. tions ever since they came 1nto the They face discrimination based on industry in large numbers during race and language. They and their World War II. In their efforts to obtain families also live under the threat of equal treatment they have received deportation raids and the charge that little help from the union leadership. they are "illegal aliens." As Kathleen Beasley, a twenty-four­ Sadlowski has denounced the racist year veteran of Bethlehem Steel's myth-peddled by the bosses and the Sparrows Point plant, observed in ·a union bureaucrats-that mexicano recent Militant interview, "In my plant workers, the so-called illegal aliens, are any female grievance that was ever to blame for unemployment. filed was thrown in the garbage." "I don't believe we should have She added, "This steelworkers union fences around this country," Sadlowski has always been terrible on women's says. "We should be looking at our­ issues." selves as citizens of the world." This is the kind of practice that ' Fight Back candidate Ignacio Steelworkers Fight Back will have to "Nash" Rodriguez is the first Chicano reverse. Fight Back candidate Oliver ever to run for international office in Montgomery acknowledges, "We have the USWA. Militant/Ruth Robinett a chauvinistic attitude within the Chicano steelworkers in District 38, 'Nash' Rodriguez, Steelworkers Fight union. That male chauvinist attitude covering nine Western states, are also Back candidate for secretary. has to be changed." organizing to elect the first Chicano Montgomery says that "we need Sara Nelson, labor task force head of district director in the USWA-Roy direction from women to give input, to NOW. Santa Cruz of Phoenix, Arizona. traditional unionism and I see that as sensitize us." "I believe," Santa Cruz says, "not positive. Sara Nelson, head of the labor task only in Ed's but in the entire slate's "This is something that we Chicanos force of the National Organization for natory practices such as most of the philosophy, that we need a change in can and should definitely support. It Women, told the Militant what some of departmental seniority systems. A real the way this international is run." should be extended to the other that input is liable to be: show of commitment to equal rights Other leaders in the Chicano com­ unions." "It appears to me that Ed Sadlowski would be to really tackle that stuff in munity have also voiced support for Jose Angel Gutierrez, founder of the represents a grass roots, rank-and-file the contracts. Sadlowski and the Fight Back cam­ Texas Raza Unida party and now movement for more democracy. "And if the employer won't cooper­ paign. Juan Jose Pefia, chairperson of Zavala County judge, told the Militant "The rank and file includes women ate, and if there has to be a lawsuit, the New Mexico Raza U nida party, this about Steelworkers Fight Back: as well as men. I could say this: I don't then the union should back the women. told the Militant: "I hope they win. Chicanos and know what his positions are on It shouldn't end up on the same side of "Chicano workers should back move­ workers in general need to revitalize women, but if they're not good, then the table as the employer. ments like the one which Sadlowski is their unions from the bottom up by it's not a true rank-and-file movement. "Unions should totally support the proposing. Unions have traditionally being progressive and endorsing the "Women should be encouraged to set reversal, through legislation, of the been very similar to -professional candidacy of people who are progres­ up women's committees and caucuses. Supreme Court ruling denying mater­ organizations in that they have ex­ sive, just like Sadlowski and Rodri­ To come together and explore their nity benefits. cluded Chicanos and they have been guez, and I urge them to do so." own needs, and then come out with "These are the kinds of issues that a very reticent to bring in minorities and positions and educational actions and real rank-and-file movement should organize minorities. * * * materials for the men in the union too. address, and there are others, such as "I think Sadlowski is opening that Women have faced discrimination in "Both the employers and the unions pension plans, equal pay for equal up and I 8ee that as a break from hiring, job classification, and promo- are liable under Title VII for discrimi- work, and many others.'"

THF Mil IT ANT I 16N116RV ?1 1077 Behind the 'outsider' charge By Andy Rose Steelworkers Fight Back is up Abel and McBride are trying to make against an entrenched bureaucratic "outside influence" the decisive issue RanKS Fu.E machine, backed by the steel industry in the steelworkers election. and the government. Afraid to debate the real problems ~~e not Against this powerful machine, Sad­ facing steelworkers, they hope to lowski has sought and received some maintain their grip over the union by help-funds and volunteer branding Ed Sadlowski as the tool of assistance-from members of other "employers," "limousine liberals," and unions and from others who support "wealthy outsiders." some or all of his goals. He would be Abel claims Sadlowski is at one and foolish and irresponsible not to seek the same time the agent of "antagonis­ such help. tic millionaires" and dominated by "a This is "outside" support in the best broad spectrum of left-wing groups." tradition of the aid extended to the The charges have become the rally­ early CIO, the civil rights movement, ing cry for the whole encrusted AFL­ and such struggles today as the United CIO officialdom. Seeing in Steel­ Farm Workers and the Southern textile workers Fight Back a threat to their workers. own power and privileges, these bu­ The fact is that the stakes are high reaucrats have made this a battle of in the steel election for everyone. the entire union movement. Forces throughout society are rallying George Meany blasts Sadlowski for to one camp or the other. "illegal" and "unethical" fund raising. Militant/Joel Britton In McBride's camp stand the em­ Teachers union President Albert ployers, the capitalist party politicians, Shanker denounces the insurgent can­ speech attacking Steelworkers Fight ployers to cover up the fact that on all the big-business press, and the union didate as the "new danger to union Back-no complaints were heard from vital issues in the steel campaign, they bureaucrats. democracy." the "official family" about outsiders. are 100 percent in agreement with the Murray Finley, president of the Instead, Humphrey's words were re­ employers. Amalgamated Clothing and Textile printed in Steel Labor, the official Like the employers, the Abel­ IF YOU LIKE WHAT YOU READ in Workers Union, says if Sadlowski can USW A publication. McBride slate oppose the right of this supplement, you can order win, it opens the door to "the Commu­ • When Labor Secretary W.J. Usery union members to vote on their con­ extra copies to distribute where you nists, the Mafia, activists, anyone with declared that the union should contin­ tracts. live or work. The cost is three cents money and an organization." ue the no-strike agreement signed by Like the employers, they support the each, or two cents each for orders Are these high-paid "labor Abel, naturally there was no objection · no-strike agreement in basic steel and of 1,000 or more. Order from statesmen"·-whose entire careers are from the Abel-McBride camp. After all, want to see it extended. based on friendly ties with employers the statement was a backhanded Militant Business Office, 14 Charles and corrupt politicians-really up m endorsement of McBride. Like the employers, they oppose Lane, New York, New York 10014. arms against "outside influence" m • As for taking money from "outsid­ more vigorous action to combat race the unions? Not on your life! ers," the AFL-CIO under . Meany's and sex discrimination on the job. Let's take a few examples: leadership has taken funds from the Like the employers, McBride is for In Sadlowski's camp are growing • When J. Bruce Johnston, a top PA with the specific purpose of continuing "labor-management part­ legions of steelworkers and their allies: executive of the U.S. Steel Corporation, carrying out the CIA's dirty work nership" to enforce speedup on the job. workers, organized and unorganized, warned the union in 1975 not to abroad. The Wall Street Journal, a reliable who want to see a militant and change its dues structure, Abel didn't In short, some outsiders are more barometer of big-business sentiment, democratic labor movement; Blacks, complain against "outside influence." "outside" than others. Outsiders who tells which side the employers really Chicanos, women; and supporters of Instead, he read Johnston's "Dear praise the union's inner circle are OK, favor. "The outcome is crucial to the democratic rights. Abe" letter to last summer's USWA those who criticize it are a menace. steel companies, which had just been The battle shaping up between these convention, using it as a weapon Sadlowski's campaign is organized getting used to the period of relative two camps will not end with the against Sadlowski and others who by steelworkers, overwhelmingly fi­ labor peace established under Mr. February 8 election in steel. sought reform of the dues. nanced by steelworkers, and draws its Abel," the Journal reported December And as the workers in their millions • When U.S. Sen. Hubert Humphrey strength from the deepgoing discon­ 21. take up this fight, they will surely gave a glowing endorsement to Abel's tent among the union rank and file. No ". . . Many steel executives are succeed in releasing their unions from "tireless, wise, and courageous leader­ honest observer disputes that. clearly worried that the election of Mr. the grip of the real outsiders-the ship," and read into the Congressional Abel and McBride falsely accuse Sadlowski would disrupt the stability corporations and their agents in the Record Abel's scurrilous convention Sadlowski of taking money from em- of labor-management relations." union bureaucracy. Books and pamphlets on Subscribe to the labor movement The Fight for Union Democracy in Steel By Andy Rose The Tells about the background to Ed Sadlowski's Militant campaign, lessons from the history of the CIO, and questions facing all working people today. 40 pp. 50 cents. 10 weeks for $1 A Struggle for The Militant tells the truth. About the economic crisis-how working people Union Democracy are fighting back to defend their rights and standard of living. About racist By Ed Heisler violence, FBI and CIA crimes, attacks on women's rights. Tells about the Right to Vote Committee of the United The fight for union democracy in the United Steelworkers will affect the Transportation Union--how it was organized, how it future of the entire labor movement. You'll get· regular coverage of this won a mass following among railroad workers, and what campaign in the Militant, along with firsthand reports on struggles for jobs, it was able to accomplish. 47 pp. 75 cents. decent wages, and safe working conditions. With any subscription of six months or more you will receive free the book Prospects for Prospects for Socialism in America. Clip and mail to: The Militant, Box H, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Socialism in America Five leaders of the Socialist Workers party discuss the struggles of ·------working people, women, Blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, and 0 Send me ten weeks of the Militant. Enclosed is $1. students-and how to build a mass socialist movement that can take on 0 Send me a free sample copy of the Militant. the ruling rich. 267 pp., $2.95; cloth $12. 0 Send me six months of the Militant and a copy of Prospects for Socialism. Enclosed is $4. Labor's Giant Step: Twenty Years of the CIO By Art Preis, 538 pp., $3.95; cloth $14 0 Send me one year of the Militant and a copy of Prospects for Socialism. Enclosed is $7.50. Teamster Rebellion By Farrell Dobbs, 192 pp., $2.45; cloth $10 Name ______

Address ______Teamster Power By Farrell Dobbs, 255 pp., $2.95; cloth $10 City.______.. State ______"- i p ______Teamster Politics Union/Schooi/Org. ------· By Farrell Dobbs, 256 pp., $2.95; cloth $10

18 SHANKER vs. SADLOWSKI lSA 'Outsider' charge used to cover up ·-ALBERT '"'.,"'"'"' hatred for Steel Fight Back program

By Lynn Henderson participated in any other way in any gross violation of union democracy smoke screen to cover up his real Albert Shanker, president of the union election of any kind at any by the Abel machine. objections. American Federation of Teachers, has time." In a government-supervised rerun of What Shanker-like Finley and issued a clarion call to workers in • "Newspapers across the country the District 31 election, Sadlowski won other AFL-CIO bureaucrats-is op­ every middlesex, village, and shop, usually hostile to unions and their by a two-to-one majority. posed to is what Sadlowski is saying alerting them to an imminent danger leaders have treated Sadlowski more In the current election, it is Sadlows­ and doing. Shanker opposes the pro­ to union democracy. favorably than almost any other ki and the Steelworkers Fight Back gram that Sadlowski is running on, "Now there is a new threat to union leader in recent memory." movement that are demanding the but he doesn't have the guts to attack workers being represented by unions of Which newspapers? right of all steelworkers to vote on it honestly. their own," Shanker warns, and de­ What stories? their contracts. It is the Abel-McBride At the heart of Sadlowski's cam­ votes his entire union-paid column in When? forces that have denied union members paign is a seemingly simple trade­ the December 26 New York Times tu Shanker doesn't say. this basic democratic right. union principle: The interests of the exposing this menace. It's not hard to see why. All the Abel even wants to change the union workers and the bosses are not the Rank-and-file control of the unions is major big-business press-including constitution to take away the demo­ same-they are opposed. And the not usually a big topic with Shanker, the New York Times, Wall Street cratic right of the membership to elect purpose of the union is to fight for the so this column should be of special Journal, Business Week, and others­ their top officers by secret ballot. workers' needs, not to look out for the interest to AFT members and all other have made it clear that they and the In the future he wants officers profits of the employers. unionists. interests they speak for view Sadlows­ elected in delegated conventions-the "The workers and the boss have What threat to union democracy has ki as a threat. way Shanker is now elected in the nothing in common," Sadlowski says. reared its ugly head? According to As a matter of fact, just three weeks AFT-which are more easily controlled "It is a class question." Shanker, it is the campaign of Ed before Shanker's column appeared, by the incumbent bureaucracy. Shanker, Finley, Abel, McBride, Sadlowski for president of the United "newspapers across the country" print­ It is true that there are many outside George Meany, and the rest of the Steelworkers of America. ed an anti-Sadlowski diatribe by the the steel union who are interested in union bureaucracy have a different If Sadlowski wins the February 8 antiunion, right-wing columnists Row­ the outcome of this election. Among view of the unions. They see workers union election, Shanker declares, he land Evans and Robert Novak­ the most interested are the steel and employers as "partners" in a kind will have "really been put in office by making the same false charges of companies, and they are far from of mutually beneficial endeavor. the money and publicity of wealthy "outsider" domination of Steelworkers neutral. So long as the employer is doing well tax-exempt foundations, Harvard pro­ Fight Back that Shanker echoes! "The outcome is crucial to the steel financially, the worker will prosper fessors, radical chic movie stars, anti­ Without taking up every charge companies, which had just been get­ too. In a spirit of "mutual understand­ union employers in other industries, tossed in by Shanker, these examples ting used to the period of relative labor ing and respect" (to use Abel's descrip­ leaders of the left wing of the Demo­ should make it clear that he has peace established under Mr. Abel," the tion of labor-management relations in cratic Party, and newspapers and TV played fast and loose with the facts. Wall Street Journal reported December steel), the role of the union is to stations which have had strong anti­ Shanker then tries to stretch .his 21. facilitate the smooth functioning of uni6n histories." paper-thin argument into a little red­ ". . . Many steel executives are this partnership. The indictment is dramatic and baiting by quoting a fellow guardian of clearly worried that the election of Mr. sweeping, yet the evidence Shanker union democracy, Murray Finley, pres­ Sadlowski would disrupt the stability Shanker's record ident of the Amalgamated Clothing provides is rather meager. of labor-management relations." Shanker's response to the massive and Textile Workers Union. attack on New York City public em­ "If the Reuthers, the Galbraiths and The phony issues The real issues ployees has been to seek a deal with the Ted Sorensens can do it," Finley Here are some of Shanker's charges: Shanker's bitter opposition to the the bosses-the Democratic party ad­ says, "so can the Communists, the • Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith Sadlowski campaign has nothing to do ministration, the banks, and the Emer­ Mafia, activists, anyone with money signed a letter inviting people to a with the fact that a few professors and gency Financial Control Board. His and an organization." fund-raising event for Sadlowski. That movie stars have expressed support for goal was never to stop the layoffs and is true. Shanker doesn't mention that After this denunciation of "outsid­ Steelworkers Fight Back. That IS a Continued on next page the letter was cosigned by veteran ers," Finley goes on to explain with a labor attorney Joseph Rauh and long­ straight face, "That's why I went to time United Auto Workers leader my [presumably he means the Victor Reuther. ACTWU's] executive board for individ­ ual donations for McBride." lloyd Meany gets into the act • The CBS television program Shanker's charges against Ed collaborationist policies that are McBride is the union bureaucracy's "Sixty Minutes" did a feature on Sadlowski are not the product of a Meany's hallmark. choice to succeed retiring I.W. Abel as Sadlowski. Also true, but also not quite personal vendetta or individual In 1955 Meany celebrated his USWA president. the whole truth. Shanker doesn't aberration. They are part of a smear accession to the presidency of the mention that "Sixty Minutes" request­ campaign mapped out at the highest newly merged AFL-CIO by boasting ed interviews with Sadlowski's oppo­ Victims and criminals levels of the AFL-CIO bureaucracy. before the National Association of nents in the union but was given the To portray the Abel-McBride ma­ On January 10 AFL-CIO Presi- Manufacturers: "I never went on brush-off. chine as the victim of undemocratic dent George Meany publicly en- strike in my, life, never ran a strike • "Democratic party politicos Ted practices is an insult to workers' intel­ dorsed McBride's and Shanker's in my life, never ordered anyone else Sorensen and Richard Goodwin are ligence. slanders against Fight Back. Meany to run a strike in my life, never had working in the Sadlowski campaign," Sadlowski, a third-generation steel­ claimed Sadlowski has taken "ille- anything to do with a picket line." says Shanker. I don't know about worker with twenty years of experience gal" and "unethical" contributions That is Meany's philosophy, and Goodwin, but the Sorensen question in the union, ran for director of District from "employers and wealthy an- he fears the Fight Back campaign provoked quite a flap when it came out 31 in 1973 against Sam Evett, the gels." means some changes are coming. tha:t the AFL-CIO officialdom tried to machine candidate. Sitting comfortably in his $90,000- dissuade Carter from appointing him The bureaucracy, as it is accustomed Meany said he had never before a-year post as chief "labor states­ CIA director-because of his alleged to doing, won the "official" count for interfered in the internal politics of man," Meany is not interested in support to Sadlowski. Evett through mass stuffing of the an AFL-CIO union, but that in any changes. When that story hit the news So­ ballot boxes. The fraud was so flagrant Sadlowski's case it was "impossible He is completely satisfied with reqsen issued a statement denying any that Sadlowski won a new election to remain silent." what organized labor can do for a ties with the Sadlowski campaign and after challenging the vote-theft in True, but not for the reason Meany man who, for more than fifty years, · declaring: "I have at no time taken court. gives. The Steelworkers Fight Back has worked with neither hand nor The record does not show any any position, expressed any opinion, campaign challenges the ~lass- brain but only with the mouth. authorized any use of my name or complaints by Shanker about this

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 19 ...Shanker Continued from preceding page Dissident Houston steelworker budget cutbacks, but to persuade the city to cut other workers rather than elected president at Hughes Tool teachers. The result of Shanker's policy? By Stu Singer You May Want to Ask." These ques­ Fifteen thousand teachers laid off so HOUSTON-W.R. Morris, a young tions included: "Why Is The Socialist far, and more to come. Chicano steelworker, was elected presi­ Workers Party Interested In W,R. Sadlowski opposes any curb on the dent of United Steelworkers Local1742 Morris For Local Union President? nght to strike, labor's most important at Hughes Tool Company here in a Why Did Th'ey Help Him Hand Out weapon. He opposes the no-strike hard-fought special election December His Literature? What Concessions Has ExperimenLd Negotiating Agreement 14. He made To Them For Their Support? ;.;;;med in 197:~ by Abel and supported The special election was held be­ "Who Is Furnishing Finances For hv McBride. cause the ballots from the regular local His Campaign?" :-lhanker due:·m't put much faith in election last April were "lost." But the red-baiting didn't have the s1 rikes. He secrPtly opposed-by his More than 500 Hughes workers voted desired effect. A few days later Morris Pwn later admission-the five-day New for Morris in the first big show of won the election by a narrow margin. York teachers' strike in September opposition to the right-wing threats At the first local meeting after the 19Ti and did everything he could to and intimidation that have plagued election, December 19, diehard right­ sabotage and end it, without achieving the plant since the shooting of Sad­ wingers tried to block approval of the the teachers' demands. lowski activist Ben Corum at the plant tellers' report confirming Morris's W.R. MORRIS: 'It's time for a change Rather than strikes, Shanker's latest gate last summer. victory. But they were outmobilized by because steelworkers who don't go contribution to "responsible" trade Since the election, Hughes manage­ the Chicano, Black, and young white along with the official program have unionism is his public proposal to ment has denied Morris access to the workers who had backed Morris, and been threatened, intimidated, fired, and surrender the right of New York plant. This paralyzes the employee the tellers' report was adopted by a shot at.' employees to collective bargaining for grievance procedure, since one of the vote of about 100 to 50. The meeting the duration of the city financial crisis. main responsibilities of the local presi­ also voted that balloting for the dent is to participate in grievance Several local offices were at stake. Five February 8 international union elec­ Racism in union meetings with the company represen­ candidates ran for president, but tion will be at the plant gates to allow Sadlowski and Steelworkers Fight tatives. These meetings are all held in attention was focused on the race the greatest turnout. Back take a hard stand against ra­ the plant. between Morris and incumbent W.W. The latest move by the right-wingers cism. "You can't be a unionist and be a Morris was fired by Hughes after he Woods. is a letter to union officials urging that racist," says Sadlowski. "That's a came close to winning the local presi­ When Ben Corum was shot outside the union not pay Morris's salary-on divide and conquer game." dency in the April election. He was Hughes Tool last summer, Woods as the grounds that Hughes Tool has In 1968 Shanker did lead the New charged with "using threatening re­ local president quashed efforts to put barred him from company property. In York City teachers into a strike he had marks and abusive language to a the local on record against the shoot­ short, they would allow the company no reservations about. It was not a supervisor." ing or to offer a reward. No one has to dictate who the union can and strike for higher wages or better Morris is contesting his firing ever been arrested for the attempted cannot elect. working conditions for teachers. It was through the grievance procedure. He murder. a racist strike against the Black and has also filed charges with the Nation­ At the steelworkers convention in Morris responds Puerto Rican communities to prevent al Labor Relations Board against the Las Vegas last summer, Woods was a In a January 10 interview with the community control of their schools. company for interfering with a union signer of red-baiting literature distrib­ Militant, Morris responded to the red­ Shanker's policies in New York have election by firing him. uted against Sadlowski. baiting and other charges: maintained the United Federation of On December 28 Morris filed a Morris's campaign literature de­ "I don't ask a person's political Teachers as a white job trust and second charge with the NLRB after the clared: "It's time for a change because beliefs," he said. "As long as we all isolated the union from the majority of company refused him admittance to Steelworkers who don't go along with have the same things in mind to get parents and students. The city schools, the plant. the official program have been threat­ this local together and have a labor with a student population that is 67 Chris Dixie, attorney for United ened, intimidated, fired, and shot at." organization that represents all the percent minorities, employ less than 5 Steelworkers District 37, has sent an Woods's arsenal against Morris in­ workers out here at this company. percent Black and Latino teachers. official union protest to the company cluded a red-baiting leaflet and rumors "That's all I'm interested in. If their The federal Office for Civil Rights, demanding that Morris be allowed into that Morris "got himself fired" and ideas go along this same line, we work after a two-and-a-half-year study, re­ the plant. that his name would not appear on the fine. cently reported that New York public ballot. "I'm only interested in one thing: schools have one of the worst records Union-building proposals Morris responded with a second building a good strong local union. I in the country of hiring-discrimination On January 5 union members began leaflet headed: "The Truth About W.R. don't want to know your political against Black and Latino teachers. plant-gate distribution of a newsletter Morris-Don't Believe the Lies!!" Mor­ beliefs; I won't tell you mine. Shanker's immediate reaction was to in which Morris proposed several ris also went to the news media and "But this other thing about building join hands with the boss-Irving measures "to strengthen our union and his campaign received considerable the union, this affects us all, all the Anker, head of the New York City build unity." These include: coverage-an unusual development for people who work out here. Board of Education-in defending the • launching a membership drive the labor movement in Houston. "I'm not associated with anything. system against all charges of discrimi­ (the so-called right-to-work law in I'm a steelworker raising hell. I'm good nation. Texas outlaws the union shop), Red-baiting at that. They label me a communist. Sadlowski spoke out within the • encouraging greater membership The red-baiting leaflet distributed by Well, they label anyone a communist USW A against the Vietnam War and participation in local meetings and Woods was headed: "A Few Questions Continued on page 30 he opposes the astronomical war committees, and budget today, citing it as a prime • initiating membership discussion source of inflation. of demands for the union's upcoming "Too much Of the wealth," Sadlowski contract talks. Playing the boss's game says, ". . . has for too long been The newsletter also explains the HOUSTON-E.L. Jones is presi­ you.'" shunted into nonconsumable goods, company's refusal to recognize Morris dent of Local 2708 at Armco Steel's "It's about time we buy what our particularly in the weapons economy." and the threat this represents to the Houston Works, the largest USW A fellow workers are making," Jones Shanker, a diehard supporter of the . union. "Not only is Hughes attacking local in this area. added. "Maybe we have people Vietnam War, also has criticisms of me," Morris writes, "but they are He is one of the union officials driving to unemployment offices in the war budget. It is too small, he attacking your right as union members who physically attacked leafleters Volkswagens." publicly maintains, and calls for in­ to be represented by your elected presi­ for Ed Sadlowski at the Armco gates Evidently to Jones the workers creases in spending for armaments. dent." last summer. Jones accused the pro­ who make Volkswagens are not Shanker is right about one thing. Morris's supporters are also circulat­ Sadlowski steelworkers of being "fellow workers." To him, workers in "This is not just another union elec­ ing a petition inside the plant protest­ "outsiders." other countries are the enemy, and tion," he says. That gets right to the ing this attack on the union. So far the But on December 27 Jones orga­ the corporation boss is the friend. point. company's only response has been to nized a meeting for members of his With this attitude, it is not surpris­ The Steelworkers Fight Back cam­ suspend and threaten to fire a Chicano local to hear a real outsider to the ing that E.L. Jones has tried to paign reflects a new mood that is worker who was caught circulating the union: C. William Verity, Jr., chair­ prevent Ed Sadlowski from getting a stirring union mem hers and other petition. man of Armco Steel. Verity has laid hearing in Houston. workers. Sadlowski has given voice to Morris says he will file another off some 1,000 members of Local When Sadlowski spoke here last this new mood and militancy. charge with the NLRB to defend the 2708 in the past eighteen months. November, Jones stood outside the This is what Shanker fears and job of this worker. The meeting was called so laid-off meeting with a movie camera film­ opposes. Most of all he fears that other Morris's second campaign for local steelworkers could hear Jones and ing people going in. Those who unionists-including teachers!-may president got under way after the Verity assure them that Armco was braved the intimidation heard Sad­ draw inspiration from Steelworkers November local meeting that voted on not to blame for their plight. It's all lowski speak on the question of Fight Back and start fighting for nominations for international union because of Japanese imports, they foreign competition along with other democratic, rank-and-file control over officers. Morris participated in that were told. issues. their own unions. meeting in support of the Sadlowski The 200 workers who attended "Hold the industrialists to blame But Shanker dares not explain his slate. Sadlowski supporters mustered were offered no hope of returning to for unemployment," Sadlowski de­ opposition openly and directly. Instead fifty-eight votes to seventy-seven for their jobs. Verity even implied that clared. "Don't blame the American he deals in fairy tales: that Sadlowski McBride. the entire plant, now employing worker or the Japanese worker." is a danger to union democracy be­ That vote was taken at a union hall 3,325 workers, might be closed. Sadlowski insists that it's "the cause he is the candidate of "employ­ located far from the plant. The De­ Jones's answer was to call on the boss's game" to say foreign workers ers" and "outsiders." cember election of local officers was a steelworkers to get behind the com­ are "taking an American worker's But this is not a good season for secret-ballot vote held at the plant pany's campaign for import restric­ job." fairy tales. The 15,000 New York gates, a more democratic procedure tions. He urged the laid-off workers In his own way, E.L. Jones is teachers who have lost their jobs under allowing much larger participation. to write to Congress: "Tell them, proving just how true that statement Shanker's leadership can testify to The December rerun was preceded by 'You no vote for me, I no vote for is. that. a week of intensive campaigning.

20 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM

JANUARY 21, 1977

1976: a year of rising struggles in Africa, China, and Western Europe This expanded World Outlook features three articles from the '1976 in Review' issue of Intercontinental Press. Other articles in this issue summarized the major events and political trends in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, Canada, the United States, and Australia and New Zealand. Copies of the December 27 Intercontinental Press are available for 75¢ from the address below. But if you like the incisive Marxist analyses in these articles, why not receive them week-by-week instead qf once a year? Subscribe to Intercontinental Press. $24 for one year. Write: P.O. Box 116, Varick Street Station, New York, N.Y. 10014.

Southern Africa: a flash point of world revolution By Ernest Harsch rounded up scores of dissidents, many of them to the left of the MPLA tops, and threatened some with execution. Nineteen seventy-six was a bad year When a wave of strikes broke out in for imperialism in southern Africa. May, dozens of striking workers were Washington and Pretoria-the two also jailed. greatest enemies of African Despite the MPLA's "socialist" ver­ liberation-experienced a political set­ biage, it has sought to bolster capital­ back in Angola when they were forced ist economic relations within the to end their direct intervention in the country and has reopened Angola's civil war there. Most importantly, the doors to foreign investors. Shortly white supremacist regimes in Namibia, after the end of the civil war, Gulf Oil Zimbabwe, and South Africa itself resumed its operations in the oil-rich were shaken by mounting national territory of Cabinda. By far the largest and class struggles, as the oppressed imperialist holding in Angola, the Black masses in those countries surged Cabinda oil wells earn Gulf about $20 forward in their historic battle to rid million a year. The MPLA made it the continent of white colonial rule. clear that other foreign investors This new rise in the African freedom would also be welcome. struggle has set alarm bells ringing in imperialist capitals around the world. The failure of the U.S.-South African intervention i,1 Angola had an electric Angola effect throughout southern Africa, As the year opened, the civil war especially in those countries still under that began in Angola in 1975 was still white colonial rule. It proved to the raging. Three nationalist organiza­ Black masses that washington and tions, each of which had a record of Pretoria-the principal bulwarks of struggle against Portuguese colonial­ racist oppression in southern Africa­ ism, were now battling each other for were not invincible, encouraging them control of the mineral-rich former colo­ to step up their fight for freedom. ny. The impact of the imperialist setback Neither the MPLA, FNLA, nor powers, in Angola was most immediately felt UNITA1 represented the interests of Pretoria in the lead, sought to take advantage of factional warfare to attain their in Zimbabwe, which is ruled by a white the Angolan workers and peasants. objectives.' minority regime headed by Prime Nor did they favor the overthrow of Minister Ian Smith. Of all the remain­ capitalism in Angola, the only basis sides involved. Another goal was to their aid to the MPLA. But the Ameri­ ing white regimes in southern Africa, for the attainment of real national prevent Moscow, which was aiding the can people, who had passed through the Smith regime is the weakest, being independence. The civil war was basi­ MPLA, from gaining increased diplo­ the experience of the Vietnam War and based on a white population of only cally a factional struggle for power matic influence as a result of an MPLA were familiar with Washington's 250,000, compared to a Black popula­ between three procapitalist forces. victory. phony justifications, did not sit back tion of more than 6 million. The conflict also reflected the ten­ To achieve these aims, the White and allow the Ford administration's Beginning in February, the Zimbab­ sions between the three main national­ House launched a major covert opera­ war plans to go unchecked. wean freedom fighters sharply in­ ities in the country. The FNLA was tion in 1975 to bolster one side in the The broad antiwar sentiment in the creased their guerrilla campaign based primarily among the Bakongo in war, sending tens of millions of dollars United States forced Congress to limit against the Smith regime. After the the north, the MPLA among the in arms to the FNLA and UNITA the White House's ability to continue Smith regime invaded Mozambique to Mbundu in the Luanda-Malange re­ (Significantly, the American Gulf Oil its direct intervention. That in turn strike at the guerrilla bases, the gion, and the UNITA among the Corporation was at the same time prompted the South Africans to pull Mozambican regime closed its border Ovimbundu and other peoples of cen­ paying the MPLA more than $100 their own troops out of Angola, the last with Rhodesia March 3, cutting off one tral and southern Angola. million in taxes and royalties on the oil of whom left the country March 27. of the Smith regime's major trade The imperialist powers, with Wash­ produced from its Cabinda wells.) With the South African withdrawal, routes. ington and Pretoria in the lead, sought In addition, Washington urged the the most immediate danger to Ango­ The sharp rise in the struggle for to take advantage of this factional war South African regime to send its own la's independence had receded. Black majority rule in Zimbabwe has to attain their own objectives. They troops into Angola against the MPLA. The MPLA won the civil war with eroded the position of the Smith intervened directly in the conflict in Besides sharing the general aims of massive Soviet military aid and the regime, a fact that Washington and order to prolong and heighten it, thus the other imperialist powers, Pretoria direct backing of thousands of Cuban the other imperialist powers are acute­ weakening the Angolan independence · also saw an opportunity to strike out at troops. It drove many of the FNLA ly aware of. They fear that Smith's struggle as a whole and making it the southern Angola bases of the forces out of the country and forced the continued intransigence will provoke easier to press for concessions from all South West Africa People's Organisa­ UNITA to abandon the cities it con­ an even greater upsurge of the Black tion (SWAPO), which is fighting for trolled in central and ~outhern Angola. struggle, leading to a collapse of the Namibia's independence from South But having retained ~. ,ne support, the colonial-settler regime and possibly 1. Movimento Popular de Liberta~ii.o de African rule. UNITA reverted to guerrilla warfare in threatening imperialist interests in Angola (People's Movement for the Libera­ the countryside, carrying out actions Zimbabwe and in the rest of southern tion of Angola), Frente Nacional de Liber­ Antiwar sentiment against the MPLA and Cuban forces Africa as well. ta~ii.o de Angola (Angolan National Libera­ tion Front), U niii.o N acional para In an effort to provide a political for the remainder of the year. In an effort to defuse the Zimbab­ Independencia Total de Angola (National cover for its aggression, Washington The repressive course of the new wean freedom struggle and pave the Union for the Total Independence of Ango­ conducted a bellicose diplomatic cam­ MPLA regime became obvious within way for the establishment of a Black la). paign against Moscow and Havana for a few weeks. The MPLA's secret police Continued on next page

21 World Outlook

... southern Africa: a flash point of world revolution Continued from preceding page were specifically directed against the The conditions in the reserves, where four Black adults is arrested. neocolonial regime willing to protect imposition of Afrikaans, the language between one-third to one-half of the On October 26, the apartheid regime imperialist economic and political of the Boer section of the white African population lives, are wretched. launched a further attack on African interests, Washington, London, and population, as a language of instruc­ Since very little of the land is cultiva­ rights when it declared the Transkei Pretoria joined hands to pressure tion in some Black schools. ble, malnutrition is endemic. In the "ind~ndent." The more than 3 mil­ Smith into making some compromises. The language issue, however, was Transkei, Pretoria's "showcase" Ban­ lion Africans assigned to the Transkei, Henry Kissinger personally took only a detonator that touched off a tustan, about 40 percent of African whether they live there or not, were charge of the operation when he began denied their South African citizenship his first tour of Africa April 24. on the claim that they wt~re "citizens" The fruits of this campaign became of the Transkei. evident when Smith announced Sep­ Much of the :1ctive Black opposition tember 24: "Rhodesia agrees to majori­ to racist rule had been suppressed after ty rule within two years." Although he the 1960 massacre at Sharpeville, in went on to detail a number of escape which sixty-nine Blacks were gunned clauses that in effect would have down. perpetuated white domination, his In the late 1960s and early 1970s, announcement was an admission of however, a new layer of Black mili­ the regime's weakness and led to the tants emerged. They formed organiza­ opening of negotiations with the major tions like the South African Students Zimbabwean nationalist leaders in Organisation (SASO), the Black Peo­ Geneva. ple's Convention (BPC), and the South When the talks began on October 28, African Student Movement (SASM). government officials in Washington They advocated the concept of Black and London openly displayed their Consciousness, condemning all apar­ pleasure. It allowed them to stall for theid institutions and stressing Black time and gave them an opportunity to self-reliance and the organization of try to play the various Zimbabwean Blacks themselves to attain their liber­ leaders off against each other and to ation. channel the struggle for majority rule In addition, the growing proletarian­ in a "safe" direction. ization and urbanization of Blacks, as So far, the four most well-known well as the achievement of indepen­ nationalist leaders-Joshua Nkomo, dence in Mozambique and Angola, Robert Mugabe, Abel Muzorewa, and were factors that reinforced the comba­ Ndabaningi Sithole-have been will­ tivity of the Black population. ing to participate in the talks. None of them has pressed for immediate Black Black uprisings majority rule. Zimbabwe's six million Blacks are fighting to end white minority rule The strength and determination By the end of the year, however, the expressed by Blacks in the uprisings imperialists had not yet been success­ following June 16 forced the regime to ful in dampening the conflict within make a few token concessions in an Zimbabwe itself. The guerrilla war 'Washington fears that the continued intransigence of effort to defuse the Black anger. The continued to escalate and the Smith ruling on the use of Afrikaans in Black regime stepped up its terrorist attacks the Smith regime in Rhodesia will provoke an even schools was scrapped. Urban Africans, against the civilian population. greater upsurge of the Black struggle, possibly threat­ except for those in Cape Province, were One sign of the rising militancy ening imperialist interests in Zimbabwe and in the rest told that they could now buy or build among the Zimbabwean population of southern Africa as well.' their own homes in the townships was the staging of demonstrations in without first becoming "citizens" of October in Salisbury and Bulawayo, the Bantustans, as Pretoria had pre­ the two largest cities, to greet two of viously insisted. the nationalist leaders. Both demon­ Pretoria coupled these token mea­ strations drew crowds of more than sures with a broad witch-hunt against 100,000 Blacks. Black organizations and individuals. The freedom struggle in Namibia, By the end of October, more than 4,600 which has been governed as a direct Blacks were known to have been colony of South Africa since the end of arrested, including more than 400 held World War I, has also advanced. under the country's various security In the wake of the South African laws, which allow indefinite detention pullback from southern Angola, SW A­ without trial. Virtually every Black PO guerrillas operating from bases in leader in South Africa known to the that country stepped up their actions regime was seized in Vorster's dragnet. against the South African occupation Rather than beating the young forces in Namibia. SW APO' s political Black militants into submission, the influence among the Namibian popula­ witch-hunt became another issue tion also increased during the year. around which the students rallied. In face of this mounting resistance, One notable feature of the mass Pretoria adopted a two-sided approach protests was the growing unity among to protect its vast political and econom­ the different sectors of the Black ic interests in the territory. community. The apartheid regime has It strengthened its military forces in long tried to divide Indians and the colony and carried out a mass With a white population of only 250,000 compared to a Black population more Coloureds from Africans by giving campaign of terror against the civilian than six million, the Smith regime in Rhodesia is the weakest remaining white regime them a few more rights and by population, particularly in the north, a in southern Africa. allowing them to hold more skilled jobs traditional area of SW APO support. than Africans. But more and more Since June, between 40,000 and 50,000 young Coloureds and Indians have villagers were uprooted, some of them deep rage among the Black population children die before the age of ten. recognized that they too are part of the being routinely tortured. as a whole against the entire system of Employment in the reserves is almost oppressed Black majority and have The other side of Pretoria's strategy apartheid. nonexistent, forcing the inhabitants to joined hands with Africans to fight involves the phony "constitutional" South African society is based on the seek work on a migrant labor basis in against the common enemy. talks being staged in Windhoek be­ domination and exploitation of nearly "white" South Africa. In the Western Cape, where most tween white officials and African 22 million Blacks2 by a white popula­ In the urban areas, where about one­ Coloureds live, Coloured students tribal chiefs. On August 18, the partici­ tion of only 4.3 million. third of all Africans live, the condi­ staged boycotts of classes and held pants announced plans for the estab­ Although Blacks provide the bulk of tions are little better. Soweto and the demonstrations in Cape Town itself. lishment of a "multiracial" regime that the labor, whites own virtually the other Black townships are nothing but At the University of Durban-Westville, would supposedly lead the country to entire wealth of the country, which has overcrowded and segregated slums_ an all-Indian university in Natal independence by the end of 1978. a highly industrialized economy. Blacks have virtually no rights. The Province, 1,500 students staged a SWAPO, which refused to take part in About 87 percent of South Africa's all-encompassing system of apartheid boycott of classes in solidarity with the the talks, rejected the scheme as entire land area is officially allocated controls every aspect of their lives, Soweto uprisings. another attempt by Pretoria to isolate for whites, while Africans can only regulating where they can live and SW APO and perpetuate South African own land in the overcrowded reserves, work, how much they can be paid and Black workers domination_ called Bantustans. for what jobs, and whom they can and One of the most important develop­ cannot marry. Strikes by Africans are ments during the protests was the Under the heel of apartheid banned and African trade unions are massive participation of the Black 2. South Africa's Black population is com­ The most massive Black struggles of posed of 18.6 million Africans, 2.4 million not recognized. The V orster regime has working class. the year erupted in the imperialist Coloureds, and 746,000 Indians. The 8o­ at its disposal a vast array of repres­ The first general strike of August 23- bastion of South Africa. loureds are descendents of the early white sive legislation, which is enforced by 25 was called by the Soweto Students The first student protests that began settlers, Malay slaves, and native Khoikhoi, large and heavily armed police and Representative Council (SRC) to de­ in the Black city of Soweto June 16 San, and other African peoples. military forces. Each year, one in every Continued on page 25

22 Radicalization continues advance in West Europe By Gerry Foley political questions, including equal rights for women. But the authorities In 1976, the reformist workers par­ continued to carry out big repressive ties and reformist-led unions in West operations, and the regime remained Europe succeeded generally in contain­ basically intact. ing or diverting the radicalization of The fact that a national general the masses hit by rising unemploy­ strike could be held November 12 was ment and rising prices. an indication of how far the mass However, there were indications that mobilization had advanced. But in its in most countries the pressure was limitations it also showed that the continuing to build up, despite the reformists were still able to contain the efforts of the Stalinists and Social movement. Democrats. Among the most spectacu­ In 1976, Portugal and Greece set the lar of these were two mass mobiliza­ tone for the Mediterranean tier. But tions of up to a million persons each in what they exemplified most strikingly Athens. The first was for the funeral in the past year was the success of the May 5 of Alekos Panagoulis, hero of reformist parties in diverting mass the antidictatorial resistance, killed in upsurges away from socialist revolu· a suspicious automobile accident. The tion. second was on November 17 to com­ In C~reece, the two Communist par­ memorate the 1973 student upri'sing ties called on the workers to join in a that dealt a mortal blow to the dicta­ national union with the bourgeoisie torship of the colonels. against the threat of "Turki.:lh chauvi­ PORTUGUESE WORKERS: Have suffered setbacks as a result of policies In Spain, within a few months after nism." Thus, they allowed the "de reformist parties. the death of Franco in November 1975, Gaulle of Greece," Premier Constan­ the spreading mass upsurge against tine Caramanlis, to consolidate his the dictatorship began to threaten position. was to make a show of strength in the Despite continual setbacks suffered more and more to wash over the elections to gain a stronger hand in the as a result of the policies of the Generalissimo's successors. Protests Portugal bargain. This did not inspire enthusi­ reformist parties, the radicalization in against continued repression and de­ In Portugal, both the CP and SP asm among the workers. Pato polled Portugal continues to recede very mands for amnesty for political prison­ suffered losses in the April elections, under 8%, less than half of what the slowly. In the December 12 municipal ers combined with strikes against the but the two continued to hold a small party got in the legislative elections. elections, the workers parties once government's attempts to make the overall majority. The CP's "direct democracy" demag­ again got a majority of the popular workers pay the costs of the interna­ Soares then made a deal with the ogy, followed by its retreats, prepared vote. The CP, which is not as much tional economic crisis. The oppressed MFA, backing a military strongman, the way for the bourgeois demagogue identified with the government as its Basque workers continued to set the General Ramalho Eanes, in the June Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, who rival, topped its previous high of April pace in the struggle, and mass mobili­ presidential elections. This decision gained about 16% of the vote, mostly 1975. zations developed around demands for aroused indignation among the rank from supporters of the CP and the national rights by the other oppressed and file of the SP, and whole units radicalized petty-bourgeois groups tak­ Italy nationalities in the Spanish state. openly defied the leadership by refus­ en in by the "people's power" rhetoric. In Italy also, the reformists have ing to campaign for Eanes. The workers showed in every possi­ come to the rescue of a hard pressed Spain's 'transition' The CP had an opportunity to appeal ble way that they did not want to vote bourgeoisie. Here, the CP has gained By the latter part of 1976, authorita­ to the SP ranks to unite around a for Eanes. Despite the support of all almost unchallenged leadership of the tive voices of American imperialism, candidate that would represent ~he the big parties, given openly or under­ working class. The SP, compromised such as the New York Times, were working class. Instead, it tried to make handedly, he got only 61% of the vote, by long association with bourgeois beginning to express fears that the its own deal with Eanes, and only after with one-quarter of the electorate governments, has been reduced to a "transition" regime had lost control of being publicly rebuffed did it decide to abstaining. In the industrial center of minor role. the situation. It was clear that the put up its own candidate, Octavia Setubal, he failed even to get a majori­ In 1976, the bourgeoisie's only viable authorities had been forced to concede Pato. . ty. The bulk of his vote must have political instrument, the Christian a considerable number of de facto But Pato did not really oppose come from the bourgeois parties. Democratic party, which has ruled democratic rights and that mass mo­ Eanes. The CP continued fundamen­ Eanes did support an all-SP govern­ throughout the postwar period, went bilizations were developing rapidly on tally to apply for the position of junior ment. But he intended this government into crisis. As a Catholic party, it was all sorts of fundamental social and partner to the MFA. Its only objective to function as his instrument. Well­ hit hard by the rise of the women's informed capitalist papers explained liberation movement, which chal­ that the general had forced Soares to lenged the Catholic moral code. Its take a tougher line on austerity than credibility was eroded by exposures of his cabinet would accept. They began bribes by Lockheed to high govern­ to talk about left-wingers in the SP mental officials. The deepening of the cabinet being an obstacle to "effective" economic crisis showed that the succes­ policy. sive Christian Democrat governments had not achieved stable econqmic de­ Witch-hunt of the SP left velopment. Soares was obliged to move to smash The onset of the crisis of the Chris­ the left wing of the SP. The campaign tian Democrats was marked by . the opened before the party congress at the victory of the prodivorce forces in the end of October with a series of expul­ May 1974 referendum. In 1976, the sions. At the congress itself, the left weekly magazine Expresso and the wing was removed from the effective Radical party, a small activist forma­ party leadership. In the weeks after­ tion, conducted a campaign for a ward, the SP labor bodies controlled by referendum on the right of abortion. the left were dissolved. American The CP, which has been seeking to officials in Lisbon let it be known that improve its relations with the Church, new loans were conditional on Soares tried to avoid a confrontation on these bringing his party to heel. questions. In an attempt to outflank The CP congress in November made the CP to the left, the SP took a more it clear that the party had not changed aggressive stance. Opinion polls its fundamental line. Speakers at the showed the SP gaining as a result, so gathering attacked the SP eabinet, but party leaders decided to use this issue their attacks were put in a context that to force a new election, which was held showed that as far as they were June 20. concerned, all the vices of the govern­ The SP failed, in fact, to make any SPAIN'S JUAN CARLOS WITH FRANCO: By the end of 1976, American imperialists ment could be cured by including a few gains. Its objective was too obviously were beginning to fear that the new king's 'transition regime' had lost control. CP ministers. Continued on page 25

23 World Outlook

... China: Hua steers course on choppy sea Continued from page 26 I Chinese economy and the growing see no improvement in their standard the military dictatorships of Indonesia, challenge from the Chinese masses to of living. Mao's strategy, developed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. The the privileged status of their bureau­ the Great Leap Forward of 1958-59 and Pinochet junta in Chile, in fact, de­ cratic overlords. in the Cultural Revolution of 1966-69, clared three days of national mourning At issue are two conflicting strate­ sought to meet this challenge by with flags at half mast. Chile was gies for the utopian goal of building a rejecting concessions to the masses granted a loan upwards of $50 million self-sufficient industrial economy in and by subordinating industrial by Peking in 1975. backward China in isolation from the growth to firm party ideological and Mao's body was hardly cold before rest of the world. Both sides reject the police controls over them. In this effort the bureaucracy moved to smash his prospect of worldwide revolution, in­ Mao drew heavily on the reactionary closest collaborators and repudiate as cluding in the industrially advanced antiurban, anti-intellectual ideology of "fascist" policies previously associated countries, as well as the perspective of the old ruling class, which still found with his name. an international socialist society. echoes among the more backward On October 6 or 7, four top party Their prime concern is to retain the sectors of the peasantry. leaders, all Politburo members, were power and privileges of the bureaucrat­ placed under house arrest. These ic caste they represent. Arbiter included Chiang Ch'ing, Mao's widow; Rejecting the prospect of revolution After the Cultural Revolution, the Wang Hung-wen, elevated by Mao to in the industrially advanced nations, veteran party bureaucrats did not the post of second party vice-chairman which could provide the technological overtly challenge Mao's peculiarly at the Tenth Party Congress in 1973; aid China needs to build its economy, "Chinese" adaptation of Stalinism Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, chief army politi­ the bureaucracy has evolved two while he lived. Like Stalin he remained cal commissar and Mao's principal equally nonmaterialist and unworka­ the dictatorial arbiter ofthe bureaucra­ lieutenant in the key industrial city of ble "solutions" to the problem of cy as a whole and its symbol of Shanghai during the Cultural Revolu­ development: Mao's, which goes back centralized power. But the economy he tion; and Y ao Wen-yuan, the director of to the position of Chinese ruling-class bequeathed to his heirs was in trouble, China's communications media and traditionalists of the nineteenth cen­ and these men, largely trained in the the country's leading journalistic expo­ tury, is to shut out the world as Japan Soviet Union or by Soviet economic nent of Mao's thought since 1965 (Yao once did and rely entirely on China's advisers in the 1950s, are now disman­ is believed to be Mao's son-in-law). own limited resources. And that of tling Mao's projects and turning back Mao's nephew, Mao Yuan-hsin, was Teng Hsiao-p'ing, Hua, and formerly to an economic policy more closely also arrested. Liu Shao-ch'i, which aims at persuad­ modeled on that of the Soviet Union. On October 12 it was announced that ing the capitalist West to supply the This policy, of course, has been de­ Hua Kuo-feng had been appointed technology to build "socialism" in nounced by Mao and by Maoists chairman of the Chinese Communist China. around the world for a decade as party, though who appointed him "capitalism." But this was never a remained a mystery as the Central Privileged bureaucracy senous "theory" anyway, merely an Committee had not met, and after Domestically, the bureaucracy as a epithet. purges and deaths only twelve whole faces a continual threat from the members remained of the twenty-one­ Demonstrators at Tien An Men Square Chinese working class. It needs by one A few figures will give an indication member Politburo elected three years means or another to defuse mass anger of the gravity of the situation Hua now before. at the great disparity in living stand­ faces.* Between 1949 and 1960, Chi­ "capitalist-roaders" in the Cultural ards between ordinary workers and na's economy grew at a rate of some 22 percent a year. Chou's claim of a 10 'Gang of four' Revolution, this can hardly be seen as high government officials. In a rare anything short of a repudiation of the admission before his fall, Teng Hsiao­ percent annual growth rate for 1964-74 Beginning October 15, before the line of the last decade, if not yet of p'ing revealed last year that he and is probably true, but highly mislead- press had reported the arrests or "Maoism." some 100 other top government offi­ offered any explanation of them, party­ cials have salaries of 400 yuan a * The statistics used in this section come organized demonstrations began in month (1 yuan equals US$.52) plus cities across the country to condemn Issues in the purge entirely from Chinese government sources. expense accounts, while an average The figures for industrial output and In the campaign against Teng the "gang of four" for their "towering factory worker earns 60 yuan. An growth for the period 1949-60 come from the crimes," which remained unspecified. Hsiao-p'ing at the beginning of the unskilled worker or a peasant earns State Statistical Bureau pamphlet Ten In the week that followed, some 50 year, he was accused by Mao and his only 30 yuan a month. The bureaucrat­ Great Years: Statistics of the Economic and million people took part in these coterie of "an attempt to induce the ic tops thus are paid thirteen times as Cultural Achievements of the People's rallies, which were marked by a festive masses and cadres to busy themselves much as the average pay of the great Republic of China (Peking: Foreign Lan­ spirit and a general mood of jubilance in production and in their professional majority of the population, not even guages Press, 1960). No comprehensive statistics have been published in China at the fall of the "four dogs." work to the point of forgetting class counting their expense accounts, spe­ The official accusations were re­ struggle and the dictatorship of the since 1960. Selected output totals and cial stores, and fringe benefits. growth rates have been revealed in occa­ vealed in stages. The first step was to proletariat" (People's Daily, February This kind of inequality is explosive, establish a lynch-mob atmosphere, 18). The main slogan of the anti-Teng sional articles in Hsinhua, the government particularly if in addition the masses press service, since 1971. under slogans such as "Crush the campaign was to prevent a "right­ heads of the four dogs," and "Crush deviationist attempt to reverse the and strangle the gang of four." Next verdicts of the Cultural Revolution." came character assassination, with In mid-November the "gang of four" repeated press references to the four as was accused of sabotaging the econo­ "maggots" and "dog turds." At the end my by substituting "empty revolution­ of October the four were charged with ary slogans" for serious economic seeking "to usurp party and state construction, of having for years power," but no details were offered. On persecuted and removed from office October 24, the Peking papers declared skilled administrators, of wasting a general anathema on Mao's col­ workers' time with denunciation cam­ leagues: paigns, of suppressing divergent views "Wang, Chang, Chiang and Yao are in literature and art, and of opposing typical representatives of the bourgeoi­ large-scale importations of foreign sie in the party. Their coming to power technology in the name of "self­ would mean the coming to power of the reliance." The November 14 People's bourgeoisie, of revisionists and fascists Daily summed it up this way: "The and would mean the restoration of 'gang of four' advocated metaphysics capitalism in China." frantically .... they opposed revolu­ But the four had been in power, as tion to production, politics to economy, Mao's agents, for the last decade. Were class struggle to the struggle for these charges intended to be under­ production, and the dictatorship of the stood to apply to Mao also? The new proletariat to socialist construction. regime has insisted that this is not the They were against promoting produc' case, and that Hua is the loyal execu­ tion and construction." tor of Mao's legacy. But in the name of These were not accusations relating defending Mao from his wife and to the period of Mao's final illness, or friends, Hua's government turned in to conspiratorial activities after his mid-November to an indictment of the death. Behind the "gang of four," there "gang of four" for the policies they stood the shadow of Mao Tsetung. have carried out since the beginning of The key to this seemingly arcane the Cultural Revolution. Since almost dispute between bureaucratic factions without exception the prominent fig­ over the relative priority to be given to ures in Hua's camp were themselves "class struggle" and "production" is to either purged or attacked as be found in the performance of the CHINESE STEEL MILL: 1975 Chinese steel output was

24 November 18 dispatch from Johannes­ mostly in the form of bank loans to burg, New York Times correspondent private and government-run compan­ John F. Burns referred to the SRC as ies, now surpass $2 billion. ... Africa being "almost a shadow government." Nonmilitary exports to South Mrica ing. Much of this "growth" was merely Continued from page 22 The success of the general strikes from the United States totaled $1.3 recovery from the disastrous declines mand, among other things, the release and the ability of Black youths to billion in 1975, while imports stood at in production in the aftermath of the of Black political prisoners. About 70- continue orgamzmg protests has about half a billion dollars and are Great Leap. For example, steel produc­ 80 percent of Soweto's 320,000 workers heightened the confidence and militan­ rapidly rising. The United States is tion in 1960 reached 18.7 million tons, joined the strike, crippling most eco­ cy of the Black population as a whole. now Pretoria's third largest trading according to the official figures, which nomic activity in Johannesburg for The strike, moreover, demonstrated the partner. were scaled down from previous higher three days. political power of the Black working South Africa, moreover, produces 60 claims. This key economic indicator The second general strike, staged class, now more than 7 million strong. percent of the capitalist world's gold did not come close to this level again September 13-15, was even more suc­ The Black protests that have rocked supply and has many scarce minerals until 1970, a 'decade later, when steel cessful. The response of the Soweto the country for months are a milestone considered of strategic value by Wash­ production got back up to 17.8 million workers was as enthusiastic as during in the South African freedom struggle. ington. The country also occupies a tons. It hit 25.5 million tons in 1973, the August strike. They mark the beginning of a new­ key position overlooking the vital but instead of growing in 1974, fell The strike spread to the Black and massive-stage in the long fight to shipping route around the Cape of back to 23.8 million tons, a 7 percent townships of Alexandra and Thembi­ overthrow the hated system of apar­ Good Hope. decline. In 1975, steel output was still za, also near Johannesburg, as well as theid. To protect these interests and to prop below the 1973 level. to Cape Town, where Coloureds form Given the social weight of the Black up the V orster regime, millions of Coal production, which reached 280 the majority of the working class. working class, the high level of indus­ dollars worth of American aircraft and million tons in 1960, was 430 million According to the Cape Chamber of trialization, and the central role that other equipment suitable for military tons in 1975, fifteen years later, about Industries, the strike in Cape Town national oppression plays in the capi­ purposes was sold to Pretoria. a 3 percent a year overall increase. In was 50 percent effective, although in talist economy, the prospects for this With the rise in the freedom struggle the meantime, population had grown some parts of the city up to 90 percent struggle flowing over into a socialist in southern Africa during the past from 650 million to 800 million, so that of the workers stayed away. revolution are great. year, Washington has stepped up its on a per capita basis growth has been The two general strikes called by the support to the Vorster regime on the min inial. Soweto students showed that it is U.S. role political level as well. In agriculture, Chou En-lai at the possible, given mass support, to orga­ The mass Black protests in South Kissinger's "shuttle diplomacy" is 1975 People's Congress claimed a 4 nize open actions against the regime Africa and the likelihood of even designed to defuse the struggle in percent a year growth for the whole despite the constant repression. Al­ greater ferment in the future have Namibia and Zimbabwe in order to period since liberation, compared to a 2 though most of the known Black American financiers and government buy time for white minority rule in percent a year growth in population. leaders were jailed, a new layer of strategists extremely worried. Wash­ South Africa itself. In addition, Kissin­ This is a slim margin. But his figures young militants, many of them un­ ington has an important stake in the ger's visit to South Africa in Sep­ use 1949 as a base figure, a year of known to the police, were able to take maintenance of white minority rule in tember was an immediate political civil war when farming was disrupted. the lead and strike a serious blow at South Mrica. boost for the Vorster regime, streng­ A more accurate figure is to compare the apartheid regime. More than 300 American companies thening its diplomatic position interna~ the 1957 harvest of 185 million tons of As a result of its role in organizing have about $1.6 billion directly invest­ tionally and allowing it to show South grain to the 1975 harvest, a record the protests, the SRC has become a ed in South African industries. Indirect Africa's Black masses that it has high of 280 million. The increase is powerful political force in Soweto. In a American investments in South Africa, powerful allies. only 3 percent a year, providing a margin only half of Chou's claim.

Education tion of the oppressed nationalities in their sights beyond· this election. They Two special sore points for the France emerged with considerable ran a violently reactionary campaign bureaucracy are Mao's wage freeze and force. This was exemplified, above all, against all forms of "collectivism," his cutbacks in education, both highly by island-wide general strikes in Corsi­ including extensive social welfare unpopular measures. In the first de­ ca. But the CP remained resolutely a programs. This was coupled with cade of the People's Republic, accord­ French patriotic party, devoted to the furious red-baiting not only against ing to a report by Chou En-lai in 1959, ... W. Europe unity of France. the CP and new left groups but against wages for factory workers more than Continued from page 23 Throughout this year, an attitude of the left wing of the Social Democracy doubled. But in China today, wages just to gain a better bargaining posi­ waiting has dominated the mass itself. The thrust of this campaign was have been frozen since 1965, almost tion for itself in governmental negotia­ movement in France. The workers are to strengthen repression against the twelve years, the whole working life­ tions. It did not propose any real hoping for an electoral victory of the left. time of millions of young workers. And governmental alternative. popular-front-type coalition of the SP, The SP did not combat this .offen­ frozen with the wages is the inegalitar­ The Stalinists' problem was differ­ the CP, and bourgeois liberals to offer sive, but responded by trying to prove ian wage structure. (Actually, the ent. They sought to minimize their better conditions for their struggles. how conservative it was. Schmidt went Cultural Revolution brought a wage gains in the elections, so as not to This coalition, the Union of the Left, so far as to present himself as the cut in the form of eliminating bonuses frighten the bourgeoisie. They has shown that it intends to come to protege of President Ford. that were a regular part of workers' achieved this objective. However, the the rescue of capitalism in France, like income. The rough amount of the bourgeois parties could not achieve an the reformist parties in other Mediter­ Democratic rights bonuses was restored as wage "raises" effective majority without the tacit ranean countries. In most countries in 1976, attacks on in 1971-73, bringing wages back up to support of the CP. This relationship In Northern Europe, the reformist democratic rights increased. These the 1965 level.) came to be known as the "popular parties have played their role in a included an agreement by the Council The second area is even more dra­ front in the corridors." different way. At the onset of the of Europe to abolish the right of matic. According to official statistics, Before announcing austerity mea­ economic crisis, SPs controlled most asylum in some cases, extensive politi­ college enrollment in China in 1958-59 sures on October 1, Premier Giulio governments. The fact that these cal blacklisting in Germany, and was 660,000. It rose to 900,000 in 1960- Andreotti consulted with top CP econo­ parties failed to protect the workers passage of laws in Greece restricting 61. This is still a tiny number in mists. The CP, however, was unable to from the effects of the crisis, or even the rights of trade-union organization China's vast population. But figures prevent a wave of spontaneous strikes carried out austerity policies on behalf and permitting the government to exile released by the Chinese press at the against these steps. of the bourgeoisie, has led to disillu­ political offenders to remote areas of beginning of this year reveal that after Opposition developed in CP ranks sion among the masses. The result has the country. a decade of Mao's Cultural Revolution, and became so extensive that it was been a series of gains for the bourgeois However, one of the features of the college enrollment today is only voiced in a muted way by Luigi Longo, parties. radicalization in the old capitalist 500,000, the level of twenty years ago. the traditional loyal left face of the centers of Europe is that in none of the On top of this is the festering sore of party leadership. Great Britain hotspots that erupted in the late 1960s the 12 million educated young people The Italian and international press This is particularly true in the case and early 1970s has the bourgeoisie and intellectuals forcibly deported to began to note that it was becoming of Great Britain, where the Labour decisively reversed the radicalization. the countryside. This is both a form of possible to see discussions develop party has carried out a massive attack Relatively, the worst setbacks have disguised unemployment and, for in the CP. It began to look as if the on workers' living standards by cut­ come in Ireland, because of the weak­ many, a form of punitive exile from the "democratic" turn of the CP, its so­ ting social spending to the bone and ness of the country vis-a-vis imperial­ volatile cities. called Euro-Communism, was begin­ refusing to allow wage increases suffi. ism and the political weaknesses of the As the year closed an uneasy regime ning to weaken the Stalinist regime in cient to compensate for int1ation. The traditional nationalist organizations. sought to get the economy back on the the party itself. erosion of support for the LaboUr party In 1972, the mass movement in Ireland rails, promising a long-suffering popu­ has been compounded by the growth of went into decline. By 1976, it had lation an end to some of the worst France nationalist movements in the smaller reached rock bottom. Disillusion with a features of Mao's rule. Undoubtedly In nearly all the Mediterranean nationalities incorporated into the continuing guerrilla war without pers­ Hua will have a certain period of countries where the bourgeoisie has English state, with the result that the pectives enabled bourgeois figures to grace. But a return to the Soviet long been politically weak, the old party has continued to lose ground to create a movement for peace at any government's pattern of "material reformist workers parties have expe­ both the Conservative party and the cost. incentives" and priority on production rienced rapid growth. In 1976, the Welsh and Scottish nationalists. However, the economic decline has quotas instead of agitational speeches French CP increased its numbers by In Sweden, the Social Democratic begun to undermine the antinational­ will neither meet the expectations of more than 100,000. It also carried out a party lost control of the government ist coalition government in Dublin. the Chinese masses nor miraculously very rapid facelifting. for the first time in forty-four years. It Broad opposition has developed for the permit the construction of "socialism The French CP, previously consi­ lost by a narrow margin. first time to new repressive legislation. in one country" within the borders of dered the most hidebound of the mass In West Germany, the SP-liberal The attempt to introduce the death backward China. Hua's hope that CPs, abruptly took a turn to making government of Helmut Schmidt suf­ penalty for political crimes has been Washington will come to his aid in criticisms of the violation of democrat­ fered serious losses, although not beaten back by the international exchange for help in opposing revolu­ ic rights in the Soviet bloc. enough to force its resignation. But the eampaign in defense of the Murrays, tions in the colonial world is equally In one major area, however, the CP bourgeoisie Christian Democrats, un­ the young couple the bourgeoisie select­ unfounded. remained inflexible. In 1976, the ques- like the right-wing SP leadership, set ed as a test case.

25 World Outlook

country's premier since the founding-of tack by Mao, and Teng was singled out the People's Republic, died of cancer in as its surviving proponent. Peking at the age of seventy-eight. His Teng was accused of seeking large­ eulogy was delivered by Teng Hsiao­ scale imports of Western technology, p'ing, who had been acting premier criticizing the massive cutbacks in during the last year of Chou's illness education, opposing the deportation of and was expected to succeed him as youth to the countryside, favoring head of government. But on February wage raises and material incentives to 7, in the first public sign that Teng. revive the sluggish economy, propos­ was in trouble with Mao, the govern­ ing the technical modernization of the ment made the surprise announcement army, and disparaging the rigid cen­ that Hua Kuo-feng and not Teng had sorship in art and literature by Chiang been appointed premier. Ch'ing. At the beginning of the year, Hua Teng was never permitted to state was an obscure bureaucrat, only re­ his own views, but the program attrib­ cently elevated to the post of head of uted to him, and by implication to the secret police after a career as a Chou, seemed to promise the masses provincial administrator. His main some improvement over the state of qualification seemed to be his zeal in affairs under Mao. As a result, the helping Mao root out Lin Piao's campaign against Teng backfired. followers in the purge of 1971-72. Chosen for his loyalty to the chairman, Tien An Men demonstration his first act after Mao's death would be The workers and students of Peking to jail Mao's widow and close asso­ took the occasion of the annual Ching ciates. Ming festival at the beginning of On February 21, in one of the more April, the traditional period for honor­ bizarre episodes of a year filled with ing the dead, to gather in Tien An Men extraordinary twists and turns, a Square to bring wreaths and poems in Chinese aircraft was permitted to land memory of Chou En-lai. Thousands of in California, where it picked up· people gathered in the square daily, former President Richard Nixon and beginning April 1. On April 4, in a carried him to Peking. There the crowd of tens of thousands, banners despised war criminal and chief of the were raised attacking Chiang Ch'ing Watergate burglars, who had been as a new "Dowager Empress" and a driven in disgrace from the White Chinese Indira Gandhi. Plainclothes House, was accorded a triumphal cops were beaten when they tried to welcome. At the time, there was much arrest impromptu orators who ad­ ironic comment in the press at the fact dressed the crowd. that Nixon's last friend in the world On April 5, the government gave the should prove to be Mao Tsetung. order to remove the wreaths and posters. An angry crowd gathered that swelled at its height to more than Teng Hsiao-p'ing 100,000. The demonstrators held the The death of Chou precipitated a square throughout the day, battling new purge in the leadership of the police and militia, burning official Chinese CP. Chou had been instrumen­ V!.lhicles, and even invading a militia tal in persuading Mao to "rehabilitate" barracks on the square and razing it to many of the veteran party bureaucrats the ground. and administrators disgraced in the After dark, tens of thousands of Cultural Revolution and accused of troops were assembled around Tien An seeking the "restoration of capital­ Men and the last of the ism." Most prominent of these was. demonstrators-said to number 3,000- Teng Hsiao-p'ing, former party general were assaulted with clubs and rifle secretary and Liu Shao-ch'i's chief butts and arrested. The Peking press lieutenant, who had been labeled reported that a "public trial" was held "China's Khrushchev Number Two" in in mid~May at which two participants 1966 and stripped of his party posts. were sentenced to death and three Teng was returned to office in 1973. At received terms of thirty years at hard the Fourth National People's Congress labor. in January 1975, he was given the On April 7, Teng Hsiao-p'ing was concurrent posts of vice-premier of the summarily stripped of all his govern­ government, vice-chairman of the ment and party posts and denounced ByLes Evans principal contradiction in socialist CCP, and chief of staff of the armed as a "capitalist restorationist," al­ society is the contradiction between forces. though he was not accused of having Nineteen seventy-six was a year of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie." Declining economic growth in two organized the protests. In the weeks almost dizzying changes and convul­ This was the slogan advanced by Mao consecutive years-1973-74-evidently that followed, the regime mobilized the sions in China. In twelve months' during the Cultural Revolution of the led Chou and Teng to raise some whole of its repressive forces for a time, the three top leaders of the 1960s to brand his opponents in the criticisms of Mao's economic strategy house-to-house interrogation of the country disappeared from the scene: party leadership and dissenters among in the secret inner councils of the entire population of the city, in which Premier Chou En-lai, Marshal Chu Te, the masses as "class enemies." party. At the Fourth National People's hundreds of people were arrested for and finally Mao Tsetung himself. Teng The "revolution in literature and Congress in 1975 Chou had projected having participated in the demonstra­ Hsiao-p'ing rose to new prominence art" under the direction of Chiang the slogan of the "Four Moderniza­ tion. and power, was cast back into the Ch'ing, Mao's wife, was hailed as tions," in agriculture, industry, nation­ Similar protests were reported, depths for a second time in a decade, having "resulted in an efflorescence of al defense, and science and technology. though on a smaller scale, in cities but by year's end had the satisfaction creative work." He claimed a growth rate of 10 percent throughout China. The regime retaliat­ of seeing those who had accused him On economic construction, the editor­ a year for the decade 1964-74 and ed with arrests and with staged coun­ purged in tum. Within weeks of Mao's ial reaffirmed Mao's line that human projected the building of a "relatively terdemonstrations, though these were death, the infallible chairman's closest will power, under tight party control, comprehensive industrial and econom­ unusually small and dispirited events. associates were in jail and many of the was the principal productive force and ic system" by 1980. While raising the policies that bore his name were under could substitute for technology or the hope of future successes, Chou did not The death of Mao sweeping attack-all in the name of extension of the revolution to the mention that growth had in fact fallen Throughout the summer the Chinese Mao Tsetung Thought. advanced capitalist countries. "The to 7.5 percent in 1973 and dropped to 7 press sought to prepare the country for These dramatic shifts at the top Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution percent. in 1974, with some key sectors the imminent death of Mao. The unfolded against a background of is a powerful motive force for the such as steel completely stagnant with chairman stopped receiving foreign economic stagnation, mounting labor development of the social productive no growth at all. visitors, and photographs were pub­ discontent, and the eruption of the first forces in our country," it said, quoting The "Four Modernizations" was lished showing him more and more mass antigovernment demonstrations Mao. It added that "socialism" should widely taken by the Chinese masses as enfeebled. His death came on Sep­ in the twenty-seven-year history of the be built "independently and with the a promise of improvement in their tember 9. It became the occasion for an People's Republic of China. initiative in our own hands, through living standards, frozen since the unprecedented outpouring of messages self-reliance." beginning of the Cultural Revolution a of condolence from world imperialism 'Self-reliance' The editorial also announced the decade earlier. and from a host of military dictator­ The New Year's editorial, run jointly beginning of tpe Fifth Five-Year Plan. The revolution of rising expectations ships around the globe. Foreign Mao­ by the Peking People's Daily, Red After Mao's death, however, it was among the working class exploded in a ists eulogized the dictator in the most Flag, and the Liberation Army Daily, revealed that the plan drafted under general strike in the industrial city of extravagant terms. summed up the Maoist line of the last Mao's auspices had been scrapped. Hangchow in the summer of 1975, The mourners, as reported by Pek­ decade. Its themes provide a useful Now, a year after the plan was to have which was quelled by 10,000 troops of ing, included the shah of Iran, Indira yardstick to measure the extent of the begun, no targets have yet been an­ the People's Liberation Army. Gandhi, President Marcos of the Phi­ policy changes after the tyrant's death. nounced. After Chou's death, the slogan of lippines, the king of fascist Spain, and The editorial asserted that "the On January 8, Chou En-lai, the modernization came under direct at- Continued on page 24

26 In Review

Author Steve Friedman and director By building up to the Rosenberg Denny Partridge effectively draw the trial, the play sidesteps the trap of 1950: A dream play audience into the play. Their humor is sentimentality. Instead of beginning right on the mark and their symbols with the Rosenbergs and trying to don't hit the audience over the head to generalize from their plight, the trial attract attention. and execution cap off all the other 1950 succeeds mainly because the experiences of the 1950s. In that audience has the sensation of recogniz­ context, the audience itself grasps the ing themselves. significance of the Rosen berg case In some recent nostalgia movies, instead of being awkwardly lectured American Graffiti for instance, the about its importance. audience can recognize what they wore 1950 is also, not unimportantly, a a few years back. But in 1950 they can welcome contribution to the efforts of recognize who they were. the Rosenbergs' sons, Michael and The classmates in John Bonte's Robert Meeropol, to get out the truth bomb shelter are just like second-grade about their parents' case. Not only classmates everywhere. There's the does the play stage the facts, it weird skinny girl, the scared and dramatizes why the case is so impor­ guilty Catholic school kid, the obnox­ tant. ious self-hating goody-goody. Reopening the Rosenberg case can This multifaceted nightmare man­ do more than vindicate the two main ages to weave in themes of women's victims. Recovering the truth about the oppression, alienation, relativity. Rosenbergs, the play reminds us, can But the climax, which puts every­ help remove a malignancy from our thing in focus, is the trial and execu­ history. Recognizing the truth can tion of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. finish off the nightmare. The play uses transcripts of the 1951 The only problem with the play is "atomic spy" trial, quotations from J. that it had such a short run in New Edgar Hoover, and poetry written by York and is not yet scheduled to tour Ethel Rosenberg in the death house. other cities. 1950 is a good history It's no wonder this part of the night­ lesson and, even better, a good drama. mare seems so real. -Diane Wang

1950: A Dream Play About the second-grade class going through the Cold War. Written by Steve Fried­ air-raid drill-a drill he knows will end man. Directed by Denny Partridge. in an atomic attack. Kaufman squirms Produced by the Theater at St. Characters and episodes melt into "No identifiable derogatory infor­ Clements in New York City. each other, producing a nightmare Judge Irving Kaufman, the man collage of the '50s: James V. Forrestal, who presided over the trial of ,Julius mation on Tarrant [the play's direc­ architect of the cold war, who went and Ethel Rosenberg, hates plays tor] or any of the actors or actresses Remember the Cuban missile crisis crazy, chewed off his lips, and killed about that witch-hunt case. in Cleveland, New York, or Bureau in 1962 when we thought World War himself; the tragedy of jazz-genius A play about the Rosenbergs files. III was really about to begin? Re­ Charlie Parker and the suppression of written by Donald Freed was pro· "There is attached a letter to the member air-raid drills in school? · Black music; and, above all, the duced in Cleveland in 1969. Kauf­ Attorney General furnishing him execution of Ethel and Julius Rosen­ man was so upset about the play with information concerning this berg. and its reviews in the New York play and its anti-Government slant," In John Bonte's nightmare the nasty Times that he called his friend FBI the note concludes. Theater kid in the Boy Scout uniform becomes chief Edgar Hoover. a screaming parrot in a 1950s jazz An FBI memo made public Government memos like this from club and emerges as David Greenglass, through the lawsuit to open all the the government's twenty-five-year 1950: A Dream Play about the Cold the man who lied and sent his sister government files on the Rosenbergs effort to keep the Rosenberg case War begins with one of those drills, Ethel Rosenberg to the electric chair. tells how the G-men moved into hushed up are collected in The children filing down into a dim, dirty The elementary school's two Black action: Kaufman Papers. The booklet is school basement. janitors in the air-raid shelter are at The play "was observed by an available for $1.50 from the National But this is not a real 1950 air-raid the same time Albert Einstein and Agent of the Cleveland Office and he Committee to Reopen the Rosenberg drill. It is the recurring, tortured Charlie Parker. noted it assumes the innocence of Case, Room 606, 250 West Fifty­ nightmare of thirty-four-year-old John "Political drama" can be lousy, little the Rosenbergs. " says the FBI Seventh Street, New York, New York Bonte. Every month of his adult life more than dramatized readings of memo. 10019. -D.W. Bonte dreams that he is back with his political tracts. But 1950 succeeds.

Lucy Parsons American Revolution­ to face for being in love in racist relation of the struggle for women's ary by Carolyn Ashbaugh. Chicago: America. liberation to class society, the nature Lucy Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co., Both Lucy and Albert were to be­ and role of the family, and the move­ 1976. 288 pp. $3.95 paper. come socialists in Chicago and later ment for "free love." revolutionary anarchists. For these Lucy Parsons's long political career crimes of free thought, Albert paid the extended through several generations Parsons­ Carolyn Ashbaugh has taken an price of his life. He was framed up and of American revolutionaries. She was a important character of American labor hanged in the aftermath of the Chica­ close friend and co-worker of revolu­ history out from under the cobwebs of go Haymarket cop riot of 1886. tionary leaders such as Eugene Debs, American neglect. She has written a definitive Lucy paid another price, that of Bill Haywood, and Peter Kropotkin. biography, portraying one of the fore­ having to raise two young children in In the 1920s she worked with James most revolutionists the American a hostile environment where their P. Cannon-later to become one of the radical working-class movement has yet to mother was constantly harassed and founders of American Trotskyism-on produce-Lucy Parsons. occasionally beaten by the police. The the building of the International Labor The book is· more than simply a story that Carolyn Ashbaugh tells is Defense, which mobilized support for biography. It provides a general histo­ often as sad as it is inspiring. Sacco and V anzetti and other victims ry of the radical movement in America Lucy Parsons considered herself an of capitalist repression. from the 1870s to 1942. During this Ashbaugh overlooks some of the period Lucy Parsons was a fighter in anarchist, an anarcho-syndicalist, and a communist at different points in her theoretical deficiencies that led Par­ the struggle for women's rights, free sons to adhere to anarchism and-at life, which caused anarchist Emma speech, and socialist revolution. the very end of her life-to the Stalin­ Goldman to denounce her as an oppor­ ized Communist party. On the whole, tunist. however, Ashbaugh has written a well­ But, as Ashbaugh points out, there balanced and a highly readable book. was a consistency in Lucy Parsons's Books political life: "her first concern was for -R.D. Estvan the foreign born, the hungry, and the Carolyn Ashbaugh states in the *Other sources, however, claim that Lucy Parsons unemployed. She always looked at her was a Chicana. In Albert Parsons's autobin­ preface to her book, "Lucy Parsons work from a working class perspective g-raphy. he refers to Lucy as being "Spani;;h­ was black,* a woman, and working and analyzed society in terms of class Indian." In the chapter notes to her book, class-three reasons people are often struggle." Ashbaugh writes that "although the Parsons excluded from history." For the social­ Ashbaugh also deals at some length family denied publicly that Lucy was black, Katharine Parsons Russell suggested (1976) that ist of today these are three good with the various currents in radical the family privately considered Lucy Parsons reasons for reading this new book. feminism that existed in the late black. Photos of Lucy arc proof of her black The book begins with Lucy's expe­ nineteenth and early twentieth centur­ ancestry .... Lucy identified herself as NatiYe riences in Reconstruction Texas with ies. She takes up extensively the American and Chicana in an effort to cover up her white, Radical Republican compan­ her black heritat,;e." Ashbaug-h notes that Par­ debate between Lucy Parsons and sons"s "denial of her black heritage is a terrible ion, Albert Parsons. Ashbaugh no;­ Emma Goldman on women's oppres­ indictment of the racist society which made her counts the racial prejudice the pair had sion. This debate centered around the feel compelled to do so." -Militant

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 27 By Nancy Cole WASHINGTON-Despite its sancti­ monious condemnation of terrorism, the U.S. government nurtures and harbors the most ruthless band of assassins anywhere-a Miami-based ~SHINGTON'S group of right-wing Cuban exiles. The crash of a sabotaged Cuban airliner October 6-murdering seventy­ three people-thrust these terrorists into the public spotlight. A few weeks before, on September 21, TERRORIST Orlando Letelier's car exploded on a Washington street, killing him and a co-worker Ronni Moffitt. Letelier was the Chilean ambassador to the United States under Salvador Allende and an INTERNATIONAL outspoken foe of the Pinochet dictator­ ship. Two right-wing Cuban groups in Miami claimed credit for the plane crash. Several Cuban exiles in Venezu­ I he history of U.S. su t ela were arrested when a raid produced evidence linking them to both crimes. During the last two years, there were • 100 bombings in Miami alone. The assassins have spread their terror throughout the United States and into to Cuban exile other countries, including Mexico, Barbados, Jamaica, Panama and, of course, Cuba. In February 1976 a Soviet freighter off Cuba's coast was raked with heavy machine-gun fire. In April two Cuban fishing boats were attacked and a fisherman killed. During the same month a bomb exploded in the Cuban embassy in Lisbon, Portugal, killing two. The attacks had intensified after the 1973 antihijacking pact between the United States and Cuba. As part of the agreement, the United States pledged to crack down on the right-wing terrorists. Needless to say, that didn't happen. Mter the October airliner crash, Fidel Castro announced Cuba would not renew the pact, which expires April Chilean exile Orlando Letelier (inset) was murdered in Washington, D.C., car bombing last September. Evidence links 15. He charged CIA complicity in the seventy-three deaths. CIA-trained hit squads to the assassination. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger warned that Cuba would be held Castro activities were encouraged by "strictly accountable for an encourage­ "If an anti-Castro guy started up a But it is just this course-opening ment of hijacking and any act of weekly paper, we'd give him some the CIA. the files on the sordid history of terrorism that may flow from its money and help him get the rag on the It is this monster created by the CIA official anti-Cuban activity-that the that bombs and murders today-all in renunciation of the treaty." street," recalls a former high CIA U.S. government vigorously resists. Asked what the United States was official. "The end result of this was the name of a "Cuba libre." When Palestinian terrorists attacked doing about the airliner crash, Kissin­ that you had the whole community But can it be said that the apparatus the Munich Olympic Games in 1972, a ger answered, "We've asked the CIA to monitored." "took on a life of its own," as the "concerned" President Nixon appoint­ check into it." Between the spring of 1961 and the Washington Post recently editorial­ ed a cabinet-level committee on terror­ spring of 1963, the CIA tried to ized, even though the United States ism. It has never studied the Miami­ assassinate Castro at least six times. government "turned the switch"? based assassins. 'Highly trained assassins' Did the government's aid to these The 1975 Rockefeller commission on "The confused maze of anti-Castro the CIA never touched any activities of "The Cuban terrorists are the most terrorists end with the unsuccessful activity in South Florida during the the gigantic Miami station. highly trained assassins in the world Operation Mongoose? secret war included everything from "Terrorists are protected by a web of today," says a U.S. official quoted in "The CIA surely has good files on officially organized, elaborate CIA old loyalties. Most of them worked at U.S. News & World Report December 6. the terrorists, most of whom are teams to impromptu groups of zealous one time or another for the U.S. That's because the right-wing assas­ American citizens," says the Post in students seeking to make a name for government. Many have had several sins were trained by the world's most proposing a solution. "The FBI, which themselves," wrote Taylor Branch and roles; members of the U.S. Army, CIA technically advanced secret-police is responsible for investigating their George Crile in a 1975 Harper's story. operatives and FBI informants," re­ force-the CIA. And therein lies the many activities in Miami, also must No matter who or what, all anti- ports U.S. News & World Report. reason not only for the exiles' exper­ have information." tise, but also for why they can bomb, murder, and main with virtual impuni­ ty. In 1961 President John Kennedy trained 1,300 Cuban exiles and to Senate ~investigators' launched an invasion of Cuba. The Avvord defeat his crew suffered at the Bay of Pigs forced Kennedy to change tactics. In February 1976 the Senate occurred in May 1970 when more clubs and blackjacks, hurled acid, He assigned his brother Robert to Internal Security Subcommittee re­ than a dozen men armed with and exploded a tear-gas bomb. supervise future operations, and the leased a report called "Trotskyite submachine guns, rifles, and pistols Fifty right-wing exiles disrupted a secret war against Cuba was on. To Terrorist International." invaded the Los Angeles SWP head­ March 1975 meeting for Argentine the Cuban rightists, it was the "irregu­ It purported to reveal criminal quarters. They shouted, "You will socialist Juan Carlos Coral at the lar war"; in CIA parlance, "Operation links between the Socialist Workers die for Fidel" and "We're going to University of Chicago. The meeting Mongoose." party and what the senators claimed kill you, commies." was sponsored by the United States In December 1962 when Cuba were "terrorists" in the worldwide The four SWP members present Committee for Justice to Latin returned the Bay of Pigs survivors, Trotskyist organization, the Fourth were forced to lie down. The at­ American Political Prisoners Kennedy flew to Miami to accord them International. tackers poured gasoline around and (USLA). SWP leader Andrew Pulley a heroes' welcome. The flag of the The witch-hunting committee, of set the place on fire. The four was injured and required twelve "brigade" was offered him, and course, found no evidence of illegal socialists barely escaped alive. stitches. Kennedy promised, "I can assure that acts by the SWP. They did come up Other groups on the left and in the this flag will be returned to this with some "secret documents" (all of labor movement also are targets of The Puerto Rican Socialist party brigade in a free Havana." which the SWP previously pub­ the Cuban terrorists. In July 1973 a and other proindependence groups It cost American taxpayers $100 lished) and some allegations of bomb exploded in the New York in Puerto Rico have been the targets million a year for the next several sinister activities (such as the SWP's headquarters of Drug and Hospital of scores of terrorist attacks, includ­ years. The CIA station in Miami-the participation in the anti-Vietnam Workers Union Local 1199. The ing arson, bombings, and assassina­ command post for anti-Castro opera­ War movement). building was the site of a political tions. tions worldwide-spent more than $50 The reality is that rather than and cultural exposition on Cuba. The Senate Internal Security Sub­ million yearly. practicing terrorism, time and again committee produces voluminous re­ The station employed 300 Americans the SWP has been the victim of An April 1973 conference on Puer­ ports on "threats" to the nation. But who in turn controlled thousands of terrorism. All too often it was at the to Rico and the Caribbean at Queens somehow they never get around to Cuban agents. The CIA subsidized all hands of right-wing Cuban exiles. College in New York was attacked investigating the real terrorists. right-wing enterprises in the Cuban One of the most serious attacks by an anti-Castro gang, who swung -N.C. exile community.

28 The CIA, so outspoken in its pursuit. of purported terrorists elsewhere, re­ serves comment on the real Cuban exile terrorists. Nor does the agency share .its vast knowledge of the right­ ists' network with the Miami police, who are supposedly waging a battle Chicano activist Juan Haro against the terrorists. "We have absolutely no contact with the CIA," says the antiterrorist squad faces Colorado frame-up trial chief Lt. Thomas Lyons. "I'd like to, been able to come up with-was plant­ bomb squad arranged to detonate a but they don't talk to us." By Miguel Pendas DENVER, Colo.-Juan Haro, a lead­ ed. bomb similar to the one police claim There is one investigation the CIA er of the Crusade for Justice here, is On December 22, just three weeks they found in Haro's car. Together joined-the inquiry around Letelier's before the Haro trial was scheduled to with federal cops, the bomb squad assassination. The reason apparently scheduled to go on trial January 12 on trumped-up bombing charges. begin, Denver cops pulled a stunt made a film of the explosion and say is to make sure that nothing too designed to prejudice the outcome of they will use it as "evidence.'' damaging is uncovered in the tepid Haro, former Raza Unida party candidate for mayor of Denver, arid the trial. Shaughnessy had said that the news search for his murderers. Capt. Robert Shaughnessy of the media would be excluded from the Government officials say, according Antonio Quintana, another Crusade activist, have been indicted on far­ detonation. The event received wide­ to the Washington Post, "that a~ fetched charges of plotting to blow up spread coverage in the news media attempt to prosecute Letelier's assas­ nonetheless. The Rocky Mountain sins, if they are discovered, could four Denver police stations. The two Chicano activists have News even carried a photo of the site, endanger 'national security' by disclo­ surrounded by cops, just before the sure of classified information." denied the charges, labeling them a politically motivated frame-up. blast. The case being prepared by District The defense was not allowed to have Orlando Bosch Attorney Dale Tooley rests largely on its own experts at the scene. Figuring prominently in any cover­ the testimony of Joesph Cordova, an Defense attorneys Stanley Marks up would be Orlando Bosch, the agent-provocateur for the Denver po­ and Ken Padilla sought to have the guiding light of Cuban exile terrorism, lice department who infiltrated the charges dismissed after this flagrant now one of those under arrest in Crusade. example of government misconduct. Venezuela. Even cops describe Cordova as "a Judge George McNamara of the Like many right-wing exiles, Bosch crook." He received official help in Denver district court rejected the racked up a string of acquittals in the . getting cleared of drug and theft dismissal motion. He also rejected United States for his terrorist crimes. charges. Cops also admit they prom­ another motion to move the trial to · In 1968, however, he was caught in the ised Cordova "a new life" and "thou­ Pueblo, where the defense feels there is act of firing a bazooka at a Polish ship sands and thousands of dollars" in a chance to find a less biased jury. harbored in Miami. exchange for testimony against Haro. Instead, Haro's trial will be in In addition, he was charged with Haro and Quintana were arrested Akron, a town ofless than 1,800 people telegraphing threats to the govern­ separately on the same evening in in eastern Colorado. The number of ments of Mexico, England, and Spain. September 1975. The police say the two Chicanos in Akron can be counted on Bosch was sentenced to ten years in were on their way to carry out a the fingers of two hands. All 150 prison. bombing. potential jurors for Haro's trial are A campaign aided by Florida Gov. Police also claim to have found a Anglos. Claude Kirk freed him in 1972. In 1974 bomb in Haro's car. Haro says this JUAN HARO: Says evidence was plant­ Quintana's trial date will be set after Bosch disappeared, communicating "evidence"-which is all the cops have ed Haro's trial is over. through periodic interviews in Miami newspapers. "I'm going underground in a Latin American country to be able to direct the internationalization of the war," he later announced. Since then Bosch has appeared in Venezuela, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Chile. N. Mex. Raza Unida leader His efforts to "cleanse" the exile movement are reportedly responsible for the assassinations of six exile leaders in Miami. beats trumped-up drug charge One of his groups, Acci6n Cubana, By Jose G. Perez Morales demanded that the trial be · sells bonds on the streets of Miami's The New Mexico Raza U nida party held before the election, so the ballot­ Little Havana, redeemable upon the won an important victory December 2 ing could be conducted without a cloud death of Castro. Three million dollars when a jury found Moises Morales not of suspicion over his head. is set aside, Bosch says, for the person guilty of marijuana possession. But Naranjo's lawyers succeeded in responsible for killing the Cuban lead­ Morales was the Raza Unida candi­ getting the trial postponed until the er. date for sheriff of Rio Arriba County in end of November, and Vigil won the This admitted terrorist is "wanted" last November's election. Shortly after election. for parole violation in this country. Yet he announced his candidacy, then­ The trial lasted four days. According every time it has had the chance to Sheriff Emilio Naranjo and deputies to the December 24 issue of SEER'S extradite him, the Justice Department Anthony Griego and Ruben Vigil Rio Grande Weekly, a newspaper passed it up. accused Morales of possession. published in Albuquerque, New Mexi­ For example, he was arrested in Naranjo has run the county as a co, the highlight of the trial was the Venezuela in 1974 for two bombings he personal fief for more than two de­ testimony of ex-deputy Leonard Mon­ took credit for. "Justice is better served cades. He is boss of the local Democrat­ toya. by keeping him out," the Justice ic party. Although Naranjo was pre­ Montoya said he had observed other Department stated in turning down an vented by state law from seeking arrests where evidence was planted on offer for extradition. reelection as sheriff, Morales charged the suspect. He also said that Vigil had the drug arrest was an attempt to in effect admitted to him that Morales 'Three sources' throw the election to Naranjo's deputy had been set up. "Cubans and others on both the left and handpicked successor, Ruben Vig­ Morales took and passed a lie detec­ and the right insist that Bosch has il. tor test confirming he was innocent. backing from three sources," says the He also testified in his own defense. MOISES MORALES: Passes lie-detector Post, "the CIA, the Chilean govern­ After one-and-a-half hours of deliber­ test proving his innocence. ment and anti-Castro Cubans living in ation, the jury came back and said Caracas and in Miami." they believed Morales rather than And while there may no longer be Naranjo and his deputies. the direct, unlimited CIA funding there The day following his acquittal, his deputies is a $35,000 damage suit once was, money doesn't seem to be a Morales filed a $1 million civil damage filed by Anthony Quintana. Quintana problem. suit against Naranjo and others. charges that Naranjo's deputies beat As Time correspondent Jay Mallin The latest loss by Naranjo keeps him without provocation, and that puts it, "If you don't pay, he puts a unbroken his record of failing to win a Naranjo was negligent in supervising bomb outside your office. Bosch is an single case against members of either his men. extortionist, not a patriot." the Raza Unida party or the Cooperati­ Another suit, filed by the Cooperati­ A Dade County, Florida, grand jury va del Pueblo in Tierra Amarilla. va del Pueblo in Tierra Amarilla, concluded that the exile groups there Although the two groups aren't affil­ demands $1 million in damages for a financed themselves "through acts of iated with each other, members of both raid Naranjo and his deputies carried terrorism such as arson for hire and have criticized Naranjo's "political out against t~e Cooperativa. kidnapping." bossism." The trumped-up assault charges It is this small band of In addition, Naranjo and his depu­ against Antonio "Ike" De Vargas, extortionists-an estimated 300-that ties have faced civil suits filed by their chairperson of the Rio Arriba County terrorizes Miami's Cuban community victims. Two of those suits, involving Raza Unida party, are still pending. of 450,000 and tries to intimidate people who had been beaten by Naran­ Last September, one of Naranjo's cops defenders of Cuba around the world. jo's deputies, were settled out of court pulled a gun on De Vargas without They have been trained, encouraged, EMILIO NARANJO: Faces $1 million for substantial amounts. provocation, and De Vargas disarmed and protected by the U.S. government. damage suit. Still pending against Naranjo and the cop. Washington is completely responsible for their crimes.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 29 PITTSBURGH ABORTION RIGHTS IN DANGER. Speakers: Mary Ellen Tunney, director, Women's Health Services. Pittsburgh Abortion Clinic; Regina Sestak, attorney; Jeanne Clark, task force coordinator for and fund-raisers were held nearly secure an overwhelming "favorite son" Southwestern Pennsylvania NOW; Carla Hoag, SWP. Fri., Jan. 21, 8 p.m. 5504 Penn Ave. (near every night. nomination for himself for district Negley). Donation: $1. Ausp: SWP. For more On the other side, the Steelworkers director, while facilitating McBride's information call (412) 441-1419. Fight Back organization was largely nomination by the local. BALTIMORE dormant from November 1974, when Piasecki is known in his local as a WOMEN IN 1977: THE ISSUES THAT CON­ PORTLAND, ORE. FRONT US. Speakers: Marcella Scuyler, president, PANEL ON THE DEATH PENALTY. Speakers: Sadlowski won the directorship in a critic of the international union and Baltimore NOW; Phyllis Lee, SWP; others. Fri., Jan. Rev. John Jackson; Charles F. Hinkle, chairperson, government-supervised rerun of the has declared his "neutrality" in the 21, 8 p.m. 2117 N. Charles St. Donation: $1. Ausp: Oregon ACLU. Thurs., Jan. 20, 7:30 p.m. Mallory stolen 1973 vote, until July 1976. presidential contest. Piasecki, like Militant Forum. For more information call (301) 547- Ave. Church, 126 NE Alberta. Ausp: Militant Forum. In the middle of this period many of many of the district director candi­ 0668. For more information call (503) 288-7860. the activists worked on the five-month dates, has tried to identify with some DENVER THE CHINESE REVOLUTION AND STALINISM. election campaign of Miriam Balanoff, of the popular themes of the Fight GRAND JURY OKs FBI CRIMES. Speaker: Ruth Two classes by Fred Feldman, associate editor, who ran for state legislature as a Back program. Getts. PROF. Fri .. Jan. 21, 8 p.m. Denver Univ. Law International Socialist Review. Sun., Jan. 30, 5 p.m. liberal Democrat. But, like every other district candi­ School, 14th St. and Bannock, Room 204. Ausp: and 8 p.m. 3928 N. Williams Ave. Donation: $1. When the Sadlowski supporters mo­ date except Balanoff, Piasecki has Militant Forum. For more information call (303) 837- Ausp: Militant Bookstore. For more information call bilized for the April 1976 elections of never opposed the policies of the Abel 1018. (503) 288-7860. local union officers, they swept many bureaucracy in practice or on the floor EAST LOS ANGELES CHINA AFTER MAO. Speaker: Fred Feldman. elections across the district. of union conventions. THE STEELWORKERS ELECTION AND THE Mon., Jan. 31, 8 p.m. 3928 N. Williams Ave. These victories testify to the broad­ A combination of factors produced FIGHT FOR UNION DEMOCRACY. Speakers: Jack Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Bookstore. For more ening of support for the Fight Back McBride nominations at Locals 1011 Shepherd, USWA Local 2058; John T. Williams, information call (503) 288-7860. business agent, Teamsters Local 208; Jose Gonzal­ program. But they also tied up many and 6787. One was the splitting of ez, UAW Local 923. Fri., Jan. 21, 8 p.m. 1237 S. ST. LOUIS: WESTEND activists with local union )"esponsibili­ support among the ranks of previous Atlantic Blvd. Donation: $1. Ausp: SWP. For more NO TO THE DEATH PENALTY. Speakers: Doris ties that have restricted the role they Sadlowski backers for several district information call (213) 265-1347. Black, ACLU attorney; Ed Warren, cochairperson, could play in the presidential cam­ candidates, most of whom were openly St. Louis 1977 SWP Campaign Committe. Fri .. Jan. MINNEAPOLIS 21, 8 p.m. 6223 Delmar. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant paign. pro-McBride. WOMEN'S RIGHTS UNDER ATTACK. Speaker: Forum. For more information call (314) 725-1570. When Fight Back began to organize Second, the constant red-baiting Faith Einersen, socialist-feminist and member of nationally in July 1976, just before the against Steelworkers Fight Back and SWR. Fri .. Jan. 21. 8 p.m. Donation: $1. Ausp: SAN FRANCISCO USW A convention, several leading Jim Balanoff in particular has made Militant Forum. For location or more information COMMUNITY MEETING IN DEFENSE OF THE activists took vacation time and layoff cal! (612) 825-6663. BLACK MAJORITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. Film: some steelworkers uneasy. The Last Grave at Dimbaza. Speakers: representa­ status to travel throughout the United Most important, though, was the NEWARK tive of Southern African Liberation Movement and States and Canada for Fight Back. overconfidence of Fight Back leaders PUERTO RICO: INDEPENDENCE OR STATE­ community activists Claude Carpenter and Sam Thus during much of the fall the and activists during the nominations HOOD? Speakers to be announced. Thurs. Jan. 20, Jordan. Thurs., Jan. 20, 7:30 p.m. library, 3rd and Fight Back organization focused on period. In these locals the Fight Back 7:30 p.m. 256 Broadway. Donation: $1. Ausp. Revere (Bayview/Hunters Point). Ausp: March 26 Broadway Militant Forum. For more information call Committee in Defense of the Black MaJority in building up its national apparatus, supporters simply failed to mateh the (201) 482-3367. Southern Africa; Northern California Al!iance; and while McBride's campaign, assured of efforts of the district staffers and other Student Coalition Against Racism. For rnore infor­ the automatic support of staffers pro-McBride forces to bring out the NEW YORK mation call (415) 626-8298. throughout the international, focused vote for their candidate. FILMS. Eisenstein's The General Line. Fri. & Sat., on District 31. Jan. 14 & 15, 7 p.m. & 9:30 p.m. School for Marxist SEATTLE/TACOMA The nominations results in District Education, 186 W. 4th St.. 7th Floor. Admission. $2. CHINA AFTER MAO. Speaker: Fred Feldman, By October when Fight Back an­ 31 made many Fight Back activists Next weekend: Fritz Lang's The Woman and the associate editor, International Socialist Review. Fri., nounced its official candidate for aware of the danger of overconfidence Moon. Ausp: Marxist Education Collective. For Jan. 28, 8 p.m. Univ. of Washington, HUB 309A. District 31 director-Jim Balanoff, in this race. Since then several top more information call (212) 989-6493. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum and YSA. For president of Local 1010-many Sad­ organizers have been assigned to the more information call (206) 522-7800 or 329-7404. NEW YORK: QUEENS lowski supporters had already commit­ district to produce the biggest possible THE FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY IN STEEL. THE CHINESE REVOLUTION AND STALINISM. ted themselves to one of the other winning margin for Sadlowski there. Speakers: Andy Rose, Militant staff writer and Two classes by Fred Feldman. Sat., Jan. 29, 11:30 candidates. Thus Balanoff received A large vote for the Sadlowski team author of The Fight for Union Democracy in Steel; a.m. & 2:30 p.m. Univ. of Washington, HUB 309A. about thirty fewer nominations than in District 31, the largest in the union, others. Fri., Jan. 21, 8 p.m. 90-43 149th St. (corner Donation: $1 per class. Ausp: Militant Forum and Jamaica Ave.) Donation: $1. Ausp: Queens Militant YSA. For more information call (206)522-7800 or Sadlowski as some Fight Back will be critical in the international Forum. For more information call (212) 658-7718. 329-7404. supporters split their ticket. race. It can help compensate for areas One of the other candidates is Black where Fight Back support is weak or NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE WASHINGTON, D.C. subdistrict director James Baker, who uncertain. THE FIGHT AGAINST RACIST FRAME-UPS. SPEAK-OUT AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTV. has gotten support from many of the Special efforts are being made to Speakers: Jeff Fogel, attorney for John Artis; Speakers: representatives from lawyers, students, representatives of Gary Tyler Defense Committee and civil liberties groups. Fri., Jan. 21, 8 p.m. district's Black steelworkers and from secure the largest possible vote, such and NSCAR. Fri., Jan. 21, 8 p.m. 786 Amsterdam Howard Univ., Locke Hall, Room 105, 2400 6th St. Black political figures in Chicago. as pressing for plant-gate voting on Ave. (near 98th St.). Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant NW. Donation: $1. Ausp: Georgia Ave. Militant Baker gives support-sometimes open, election day rather than voting at the Forum. For more information call (212) 683-3000. Forum. For more information call (202) 667-1970. sometimes backhanded-to McBride. sometimes distant union halls. (Each Another staff candidate, Emmett local decides where its polling places Palmer, has based his campaign on will be.) small shops and non-industry­ However, one prominent Fight Back conference locals, which resent the supporter in Chicago-John Chico, growing gap between their wages, president of Sadlowski's home Local working conditions, and benefits and 65-recently opposed and defeated a those of the basic steel and other large motion for plant-gate voting by that locals. Some shops have responded to local. Chico claimed it would be too Morris strongly emphasized. "If these this appeal. costly. people can get rid of me in this way, it Sadlowski's loss of three major steel Five Fight Back offices have been ... pesticide will affect every other labor organiza­ local nominations-Local 1014 at U.S. opened in the district-in South Chica­ Continued from page 14 tion in the country. Steel's Gary Works, Local 1011 at go and the city's west side in Illinois, Food and Drug Administration, or "Any time the company doesn't like Youngstown Sheet and Tube in East and in East Chicago, Gary, and other federal agencies. the program being put down by the Chicago, and Local 6787 at Bethlehem Laporte in Indiana-and are operating Bitter industry resistance to any local union president, they're going to Steel in Bums Harbor-illustrates at high gear. "premarket" testing of chemical pro­ take him off the payroll and force the some of the developments and prob­ Major rallies, fund-raising events, ducts resulted in an extensive-and union to kick the president out of office lems in the district campaign. and continual plant-gate leafleting are successful-lobbying effort to water and hold another election to ~et one of At Local1014 former local President planned for the final weeks of the down the legislation. their wishy-washy officials back in." Harry Piasecki used his machine, now election drive. After Congress passed a greatly weakened version of the act last September, Du Pont Vice-president Abel recently dropped his pretense of Richard Heckert told Business Week neutrality in the race, vowed to resign that the law was "not perfect, but it NEW PAMPHLETS ... battle if Sadlowski is elected, and declared he represents a balanced view that came Continued from page 5 would "do anything in my power" to out of extensive negotiations." been required to inform Sadlowski of stop a victory for the Fight Back slate. In other words, it was another Questions on each local's polling and vote-counting Other top-line AFL-CIO officials attempt at "regulation" the chemical place prior to the election, should the have joined in public denunciations of industry could easily live with. women's locals fail to do so themselves. The Sadlowski. They seek to poison union international has also agreed to certify members' minds against Fight Back bona fide observers for Sadlowski who by branding it a tool of "outsiders." liberation face resistance from local union offi­ (See story on page 19.) Socialism and cials. A Sadlowski victory depends on a the Fight for In addition, Sadlowski has estab­ massive outpouring of the ranks to ... Houston Women's Rights lished an Observer Project to watch campaign and to vote. Thousands of Continued from page 20 By Linda Jenness. the polls on election day, February 8. steelworkers are seething with discon­ who's not for these bullshit programs 16 pp., 25 cents The project-funded by money raised tent over the policies and practices of they're putting down. by the Sadlowski camp alone-will try the Abel bureaucracy. They are ready "These people [who are supporting Black Women'& to place USWA members in every for a change toward democratic, mil­ the company against Morris] call Struggle polling place in the United States, itant trade unionism that puts the themselves union people. But they're for Equality Canada, and Puerto Rico to prevent workers' interests first. not union people. All they're doing By Willie Mae Reid, with contribu­ the massive fraud that has marked The Fight Back candidates can lead now-not accepting me as their tions by Linda Jenness, Cindy previous USW A elections. the way toward such a union move­ president-they're just tearing down Jaquith, and Pat Wright. One indication of the growing rank­ ment. And they can win this election the union. 16 pp., 25 cents and-file support for the Sadlowski slate by tapping this readiness for change, "Most of them are doing it for the as election day approaches is the organizing its expression at the polls, simple fact that I'm not white. It's a lot Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 evident alarm of the union bureau­ and fighting to achieve an honest of racism going on out there." West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 cracy. count. "This will not only affect me,"

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ARIZONA: Phoenix: SWP, P.O. Box 10772, Phoenix, 4811. 510 20th Ave. So., Lower Level, Mpls .. Minn. Kent: YSA, c/o Bob Laycock. 936 Carlisle Ct., Kent. Ariz. 85064. Tel: (602) 956-1181. Chicago, South Chicago: SWP, Pathfinder Books, 55454. Tel: (612) 338-5093. Ohio 44240. Tel: (216) 678-2489. Tempe: YSA, Box 1344, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. Tel: 9139 S. Commercial, Room 205, Chicago, Ill. St. Paul: SWP, Labor Bookstore. 176 Western Ave .. Toledo: SWP. P.O. Box 2325. Toledo. Ohio 43603. (602) 277-9453. 60617. Tel: (312) 734-7644. St. Paul, Minn. 55102. Tel: (612) 222-8929. Tel: (419) 242-9743. Tucson: YSA, SUPO 20965, Tucson. Ariz. 85720. Chicago, South Side: SWP, Pathfinder Books, 1515 MISSOURI: Kansas City: SWP, YSA. P 0. Box OREGON: Portland: SWP. YSA. Militant Bookstore, Tel: (602) 795-2053. E. 52nd Pl .. 3rd Floor North, Chicago. Ill. 60615. 27023, Kansas City, Mo. 64110 Tel: (816) 531- 3928 N. Williams, Portland, Ore. 97227. Tel: (503) CALIFORNIA: Berkeley: SWP, YSA, Granma Book­ Tel: (312) 643-5520. 2978. 288-7860. store, 3264 Adeline St., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Chicago, Uptown-Rogers Park: SWP, Pathfinder St. Louis: City-wide SWP, YSA, 6223 Delmar, St. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Tel: (415) 653-7156. Books. 1105 W. Lawrence, Room 312, Chicago. Louis, Mo. 63130. Tel: (314) 725-1571. College, Edinboro. Pa. 16412. East Los Angeles: SWP. YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Ill. 60640. Tel: (312) 728-4151. Northside St. Louis: 4875 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Philadelphia, Germantown: SWP. Militant Book­ 1237 S. Atlantic Blvd., East Los Angeles, Calif. Chicago, West Side: SWP. Pathfinder Books, 5967 Louis. Mo. 63115. Tel: (314) 381-0044. store. 5950 Germantown Ave .. Philadelphia. Pa. 90022. Tel: (213) 265-1347. W. Madison, Second Floor. Chicago, Ill. 60644. Westend St. Louis: 6223 Delmar, St. Louis. Mo. 19144. Tel: (215) Vl4-2874. Echo Park: SWP, P.O. Box 26581. Los Angeles, Tel: (312) 261-8370. 63130. Tel: (314) 725-1570. Philadelphia, West Philadelphia: SWP. 218 S 45th Calif. 90026. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities NEW JERSEY: Newark: City-wide SWP, YSA. 256 St. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104 Tel: (215) EV7-2451. Long Beach: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore. 3322 Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington. Ind. Broadway, Newark. N.J. 07104. Tel: (201) 482- Philadelphia: City-wide SWP. YSA, 218 S 45th St., Anaheim St., Long Beach, Calif. 90804. Tel: (213) 47401. 3367. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104. Tel. (215) EV?-2451. 597-0965. Indianapolis: SWP, YSA, 507 Woodruff Place-West Newark, Broadway: SWP, 256 Broadway, Newark, Pittsburgh: SWP. YSA, Militant Bookstore. 5504 Los Angeles, Crenshaw District: SWP, YSA, Path­ Drive, Indianapolis, Ind. 46201. Tel: (317) 631- N.J. 07104. Tel: (201) 482-3367. Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15206. Tel: (412) 441- finder Books, 4040 W. Washington Blvd., Los 0579. Newark, Weequahlc: SWP. 403 Chancellor Ave., 1419. Angeles, Calif. 90018. Tel: (213) 732-8196. Muncie: YSA. Box 387 Student Center, Ball State Newark. N.J. 07112. Tel: (201) 923-2284. State College: YSA. c/o Lynda Joyce. 169 W. Los Angeles: City-wide SWP, YSA, 4040 W. Wash­ University, Muncie. Ind. 47306. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA. University of Prospect, State College, Pa. 16801. Tel: (814) 234- ington Blvd., Suite 11. Los Angeles, Calif. 90018. KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA. P.O. Box 952 Uni­ New Mexico, c/o Student Activities, New Mexico 2240. Tel: (213) 732-8197. versity Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. Tel: (606) Union, Albuquerque, N.M. 87131. Tel: (505) 277- RHODE ISLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Box 400, Oakland: SWP, YSA, 1467 Fruitvale Ave., Oakland, 233-1270. 2184. Kingston. R.I. 02881. Calif. 94601. Tel: (415) 261-1210. Louisville: SWP, YSA, Box 3593, Louisville, Ky. Las Vegas: YSA, Highlands University, c/o Felipe TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA. P.O. Box 8344 Univ. Pasadena: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 226 N. 40201. Martinez. 1010 Douglas, Las Vegas, N.M. 87701. Station. Knoxville. Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615) 525- El Molino. Pasadena, Calif. 91106. Tel: (213) 793- LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Tel: (505) 425-9224. 0820. 3468. Bookstore, 3812 Magazine St.. New Orleans, La. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Michael Kozak, 395 TEXAS: Austin: YSA. c/o Student Activities. Texas San Diego: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 1053 70115. Tel: (504) 891-5324. Ontario St., Albany, N.Y. 12208. Tel: (518) 482- Union South, Austm, Tex. 78712. 15th St., San Diego, Calif. 92101. Tel: (714) 234- MARYLAND: Baltimore: SWP, YSA, 2117 N. Charles 7348. Dallas: SWP. YSA, Pathfinder Books. 2215 Cedar 4630. St., Baltimore, Md. 21218. Tel: (301) 547-0668. Binghamton: YSA. c/o Andy Towbin, Box 7120. Crest, Dallas. Tex. 75203. Tel: (214) 943-6684. San Fernando Valley: SWP, 13411 Van Nuys Blvd., College Park: YSA. c/o Student Union, University of SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. Houston, Northeast: SWP. YSA. Pathfinder Books. Pacoima, Calif. 91331. Tel: (213) 899-5811. Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742. Tel: (301) Ithaca: YSA, c/o Ron Robinson, 528 Stewart Ave., 2835 Laura Koppe, Houston. Tex. 77093. Tel: San Francisco: City-wide SWP, YSA, 3284 23rd St., 454-4758. Rm. 13, Ithaca. N.Y. 14850. Tel: (607) 272-7098. (713) 697-5543. San Francisco, Calif. 94110. Tel: (415) 285-4686. Prince Georges County: SWP, 4318 Hamilton St., New York, Bronx: SWP, P.O. Box 688, Bronx. N.Y. Houston, North Side: SWP. YSA. Pathfinder San Francisco, Ingleside: SWP, 1441 Ocean Ave .. Rm. 10, Hyattsville, Md. 20781. Tel: (301) 864- 10469. Bookstore-Libreria Militante, 2816 N. Main, Hous­ San Francisco, Calif. 94112. Tel: (415) 333-6261. 4867. New York, Brooklyn-WIIIIamsburgh: SWP, Militant ton, Tex. 77009. Tel: (713) 224-0985. San Francisco, Mission District: SWP, 3284 23rd St., MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, c/o Sally Rees, Bookstore, 57 Graham Ave., Brooklyn. N.Y. Houston, South-Central: SWP. 4987 South Park San Francisco, Calif. 94110. Tel: (415) 824-1992. 4 Adams St.. Easthampton. Mass. 01027. 11206. Tel: (212) 387-5771. Blvd. (South Park Plaza), Houston. Tex. 77021. San Francisco, Western Addition: SWP. 2762A Pine Boston: City-wide SWP, YSA. 510 Commonwealth Tel: (713) 643-0005. St., San Francisco, Calif. 94115. Tel: (415) 931- Ave .. Boston, Mass. 02215. Tel: (617) 262-4621. New York, Brooklyn-Crown His.: SWP, Militant Houston: City-wide SWP. YSA. 3311 Montrose. 0621. Cambridge: SWP, 2 Central Square, Cambridge. Bookstore, 220-222 Utica Ave .. Brooklyn. N.Y. Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526-1082. San Jose: SWP, YSA, 957 S. 1st St., San Jose. Calif. Mass. 02139. Tel: (617) 547-4395. 11213. Tel: (212) 773-0250. San Antonio: SWP. 1317 Castroville Rd .. San 95110. Tel: (408) 295-8342. Fenway-South End: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, New York, Chelsea: SWP. Militant Bookstore, Antonio. Tex. 78237. Tel: (512) 432-7625. YSA. East San Jose: SWP. 1192 E. Santa Clara. San Jose, 51G Commonwealth Ave .. Boston, Mass. 02215. Libreria Militante, 200'/, W. 24th St. (off 7th Ave.). P.O. Box 12110, Laurel Heights Sta .. San Antonio. Calif. 95116. Tel: (408) 295-2618. Tel: (617) 262-4620. New York, N.Y 10011. Tel: (212) 989-2731. Tex. 78212. Santa Barbara: YSA. P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa Roxbury: SWP. 1865 Columbus Ave., Roxbury, New York, Lower East Side: SWP, YSA, Militant UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State. Barbara. Calif. 93107. Mass. 02119. Tel: (617) 445-7799. Bookstore, Libreria Militante. 221 E. 2nd St. University, Logan. Utah 84322. Santa Cruz: YSA. c/o Student Activities Office, Red­ MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor. YSA, Room 4103, Michigan (between Ave. B and Ave. C), New York. N.Y. Salt Lake City: SWP, YSA. P.O. Box 461. Salt Lake wood Bldg., UCSC, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064. Union, U of M. Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109. Tel: (313) 10009. Tel: (212) 260-6400. City, Utah 84110. COLORADO: Boulder. YSA, Room 175, University 663-8306. New York, Queens: SWP, YSA. Militant Bookstore, VIRGINIA: Richmond: SWP, YSA. Militant Book­ Memorial Center, University of Colorado, Detroit, East Side: SWP, 12920 Mack Ave., Detroit. 90-43 149 St. (corner Jamaica Ave.), Jamaica, store. 1203 W. Main St., 2nd Floor. Richmond, Va. Boulder, Colo. 80302. Tel: (303) 492-7679. Mich. 48215. Tel: (313) 824-1160. N.Y 11435. Tel: (212) 658-7718. 23220. Tel: (804') 353-3238. Denver. SWP. YSA, Pathfinder Books, 916 Broad­ Detroit, Southwest: SWP, Militant Bookstore, Libra­ New York, Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Militant WASHINGTON, D.C.: Northwest: SWP. 2416 18th way, Denver, Colo. 80203. Tel: (303) 837-1018. ria Militante. 4210 W. Vernor Hwy., Detroit, Mich. Bookstore, 786 Amsterdam, New York. NY. St. NW. Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel: (202) 797- Fort Collins: YSA. Student Center Cave, Colorado 48209. Tel: (313) 849-3491. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. 7706. State University, Ft. Collins, Colo. 80521. Detroit, West Side: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 18415 New York: City-wide SWP, YSA. 853 Broadway, Washington, D.C.: Southeast: SWP, 727 8th St. SE, FLORIDA: Miami: SWP, YSA, Box 431096, South Wyoming. Detroit, Mich. 48221. Tel: (313) 341- Room 412. New York. N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982- Washington, D.C. 20003. Tel: (202) 546-2162. Miami, Fla. 33143. Tel.: (305) 271-2241. 6436. 8214. Washington, D.C.: City-wide SWP. YSA, 1424 16th Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Linda Thalman, 1303 Ocala Detroit: City-wide SWP. YSA, 1310 Broadway, NORTH CAROLINA: Raleigh: SWP, YSA. P.O. Box St NW. Suite 701B, Washington. D.C. 20036. Tel: Rd. #140, Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. Tel: (904) 576- Detroit, Mich. 48226. Tel: (313) 961-5675. 5714 State Univ. Station, Raleigh, N.C. 27607. (202) 797-7699. 5737. East Lansing: YSA. First Floor Student Offices. OHIO: Athens: YSA. c/o Balar Center. Ohio WASHINGTON: Seattle, Central Area: SWP, YSA, GEORGIA: East Atlanta: SWP, 471A Flat Shoals Union Bldg.. Michigan State University. East University, Athens, Ohio 45701. Tel: (614) 594- Militant Bookstore, 2200 E. Union, Seattle. Wash. Ave. SE. P.O. Box 5596. Atlanta, Ga. 30307. Tel: Lansing. Mich. 48823. Tel: (517) 353-0660. 7497. 98122. Tel: (206) 329-7404. (404) 688-6739. MI. Pleasant: YSA. Box 51 Warriner Hall, Central Cincinnati: SWP, YSA. P.O. Box 8986, Hyde Park Seattle, North End: SWP. YSA, Pathfinder Book­ West Atlanta: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 137 Ashby, Mich. Univ .. MI. Pleasant, Mich. 48859. Station. Cincinnati. Ohio 45208. Tel: (513) 321- store. 5623 University Way NE. Seattle, Wash. P.O. Box 92040, Atlanta, Ga. 30314. Tel: (404) MINNESOTA: Minneapolis: City-wide SWP, YSA, 7445. 98105. Tel: (206) 522-7800. 755-2940. 808 E. Franklin Ave., Room 3, Mpls .. Minn. 55404. Cleveland: SWP, YSA, 2300 Payne, Cleveland. Ohio Seattle: City-wide SWP. YSA, 5623 University Way ILLINOIS: Champaign-Urbana: YSA, 284 lllini Tel: (612) 870-1284. 44114. Tel: (216) 861-4166. NE. Seattle. Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) 524-6670. Union, Urbana. Ill. 61801. North Minneapolis: SWP, P.O. Box 11245 Highland Cleveland Heights-East Cleveland: SWP. P.O. Box Tacoma: SWP, P 0. Box 1312. Tacoma. Wash. Chicago: City-wide SWP, YSA. 407 S. Dearborn Sta .. Mpls .. Minn 55411. Tel: (612) 378-9678. 18476. Cleveland Hts .. Ohio 44118. Tel: (216) 861- 98401. Tel: 1206) 627-5821. #1145, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP-(312) 939- Southside Minneapolis: SWP. Militant Bookstore, 23 4166. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA. P.O. Box 1442, Madi­ 0737; YSA-(312) 427-0280. E. Lake St., Mpls., Minn. 55408. Tel: (612) 825- Columbus: YSA. Box 106 Ohio Union (Rm. 308). son. Wis. 53701. Tel: (608) 251-15('1. Chicago, North Side: SWP, Pathfinder Books. 1870 6663. Ohio State Univ., 1739 N. High St.. Columbus. Milwaukee: SWP. YSA. 3901 N. 27th St. Milwaukee. N. Halsted, Chicago, Ill. 60614. Tel: (312) 642- Westbank Minneapolis: SWP, Militant Bookstore. OhiO 43210. Tel: (614) 291-8985. Wis. 53216. TeL (414) 442-8170.

THE MILITANT I JANUARY 21, 1977 31 THE MILITANT GRIFFIN BELL Carter's att'y general says yes to death penalty, no to school busing

By Arnold Weissberg resort." He told the committee that he didn't think WASHINGTON-An estimated 90 percent of courts should order district-wide busing, especially Blacks voting in November cast their ballots for in big cities. Jimmy Carter. The Justice Department currently has responsibil­ They chose Carter because they hoped his ity for more than 100 school desegregation cases. administration would bring jobs and equality. Bell's record and testimony make clear he will do The president-elect's nomination of Griffin Bell as little, if anything, to assure equal education for attorney general has already helped shatter many Blacks and other minorities. of these hopes. Nor will Blacks find much help from Bell's boss Bell's nomination ran headlong into widespread at the White House. As governor of Georgia, Carter opposition from Black, women's, and civil liberties publicly threatened to support a racist one-day groups during Senate confirmation hearings that school bpycott in Augusta, Georgia, unless the state began January 11. legislature called on Congress to initiate a constitu­ Testimony before the Judiciary Committee­ tional amendment against busing. including Bell's own remarks-showed him to be a Busing is not the only area where the president­ hardened opponent of school desegregation and elect and his nominee agree. "My position is the champion of the death penalty. same as Governor Carter" on the death penalty, In the 1950s Bell was a top aide to arch­ Bell told the senators-both favor it. "The death segregationist Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver. penalty is warranted in some cases," Bell asserted. While campaigning for office, Vandiver declared Despite Bell's openly racist record, the senators "there is not enough money in the federal treasury treated him deferentially. They congratulated him to force us to mix the races in the classroom." on his appointment and asked only routine ques­ Griffin Bell was hired to make that campaign tions. Liberal Democrat Birch Bayh was effusive in pledge a reality. his praise. One of his first jobs for Vandiver was a trip to Others, however, are not so pleased with Bell. Virginia to study legislation in that state designed Clarence Mitchell, Washington Bureau director of to resist school desegregation. the NAACP, told the senators that Bell's nomina­ The result of Bell's trip was a similar package of tion held out the prospect of "retreat instead of laws for Georgia. One of these bills, for instance, progress towards our goal of equality under the would have barred the use of tax revenues for law." integrated schools. Willie Mae Reid, 1976 Socialist Workers party Bell has attempted to pass himself off as a vice-presidential candidate, released a statement moderate on civil rights. As an example of his pointing out that Bell's nomination "shows the kind "There's no reason to think that Griffin Bell "moderation," Bell pointed to a bill he wrote that of justice that is in store for Blacks, the poor, and would change any of this," Reid said. would have closed any integrated school. This law, all those who dissent in this country." "Are Blacks and other minorities," she asked, "to he told the senators, was "moderate" compared to a "One of Bell's first tasks," Reid said, "will be to expect evenhanded justice from someone who previous law that required closing the entire school polish up the tarnished image of the FBI. belonged to racist social clubs that exclude Blacks? district if even one school was integrated. "The Socialist Workers party's lawsuit against Is Bell likely to defend equal rights for women, Far from repudiating this record, Bell is proud of the FBI and other government spy agencies has stand up for the right to abortion, insist that it. In response to a senator's comment that provided a picture of FBI agents burglarizing affirmative-action programs be implemented to Vandiver was still a great admirer of Bell's, the offices, authoring poison-pen letters, harassing redress centuries of inequality?" nominee said, "I hope so." Vandiver recently called innocent citizens, tampering with mail, acting as Also scheduled to testify against Bell were Rep. Bell "one of the finest people I ever knew," provocateurs in a legal political party, disrupting Parren Mitchell of the Congressional Black Caucus, according to one senator. elections-and then denying everything under oath American Civil Liberties Union, National Organi­ At the hearings, Bell reiterated his opposition to until denying or covering up was no longer possi­ zation for Women, and National Alliance Against busing, which he said should be used only as a "last ble." Racist and Political Repression.

By Robb Wright BOSTON-The U.S. Supreme Court Boston refused January 10 to review Federal Judge W. Arthur Garrity's order plac­ ing South Boston High School in busing receivership. In refusing to hear an appeal filed by the all-white Boston School Commit­ tee, the court upheld last summer's decision decision by a lower court backing Garrity's take-over of the school. Garrity's December 1975 decision to upheld place South Boston High in receiver­ ship followed a rash of violent attacks on Black students both inside the school and in ! 1'1' surrounding area. City official~; and the raeist school committ.ee made no attempt to stop these physical an .. i v:'rbai assaults. ln respons;~ to tlwse attempt:~ to disrupt clesegTPgation, at:orneys for Continued on page 9

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