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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. H ie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, prim bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346USA 313.'76l-4700 800/521-0600 MORPHOMETRIC AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF DICROIDIUM FROM THE TRIASSIC OF GONDWANA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lisa Diane Boucher, B.S. The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Thomas N. Taylor Edith L. Taylor Advisor Department of Plant Biology Morris G. Cline Fred D. Sack Co-Advisor Department of Plant Biology UMI Number: 9612154 UMI Microform 9612154 Copyright 1996? by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17? United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor? MI 48103 In Memory of My Grandparents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (OPP 91- 18314), Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society (Grant-in-Aid of Research, Graduate Research Award), Latin American Studies Program, The Ohio State University (Tinker Foundation, Foreign Field Research Travel Grants), the Graduate School, The Ohio State University (Presidential Fellowship and Graduate Student Alumni Research Award), and the Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University (Graduate Teaching and Research Associateships). The results of this study were significantly aided by this assistance, which is gratefully acknowledged. Several people have contributed in a variety of ways to this investigation. I would like to thank Ms. Ann Osterfeld, Dr. Joseph Rosenblatt and Dr. Fred Ruland for technical assistance regarding imaging, Fourier, and statistical analyses. In addition, Dr. John Mitchell and Mr. David Stutes are gratefully acknowledged for assistance with scanning electron microscopy. Several museums have assisted with the loan and availability of specimens for examination. I would like to thank Dr. Margaret Bradshaw and Dr. Karen Watson at the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand for their assistance at the museum and for the loan of several Dicroidium specimens. I also thank Dr. William DiMichele and Mr. James Ferrigno for assistance and loan of material from the Smithsonian Institution. I am very appreciative of assistance from several scientists at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina including, Dr. Sergio Archangelsky, Dr. Georgina Del Fueyo, and Mr. Luis Lezamo, and at PRINGEPA, Corrientes, Argentina, I thank Dr. Raphael Herbst and Dr. Alicia Lutz for iii their assistance. In addition, I thank Dr. Rubdn Ciineo for Antarctic stratigraphic and paleoecological information. I would also like to thank several past and fellow students in the paleobotanical laboratory for discussion and technical assistance, including Dr. Jeffrey Osborn, Dr. Xuanli Yao and Mr. Brian Axsmith. I am especially appreciative of the members of my general exam and advisory committees, including Dr. Thomas Taylor, Dr. Edith Taylor, Dr. Morris Cline and Dr. Fred Sack. In particular, I am extremely grateful to Drs. Thomas and Edith Taylor, who have greatly supported this study by providing me with the opportunities necessary to conduct this study, and for their guidance and assistance. It has been an honor to work with them. I will always be grateful to my family and friends for their continued support of my endeavors. This document is dedicated to my grandparents, Mildred and Alton Becker, each of which fostered my interest of nature in their own special way. VITA July 3, 1968 Bom - Albany, New York 1990 ............ B. S. in Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1990 Graduate Research Associate and Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1995 Presidential Fellow, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS Boucher, L.D., E.L. Taylor, and T.N. Taylor. Biomechanical stability of Dicroidium pteridosperm foliage. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (in review). Boucher, L.D., E.L. Taylor, T.N. Taylor, N.R. Cdneo, and J.M. Osborn, (in press). Dicroidium compression floras from southern Victoria Land. Antarctic Journal of the U.S. 1995 Review Issue. Boucher, L.D., T.N. Taylor, and E.L. Taylor, (in press). An unusual plant organ from the Triassic of Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the U.S. 1994 Review Issue. Boucher, L.D. and E.L. Taylor. 1995. Dicroidium species from Antarctica and South America: temporal and paleobiogeographic ranges. 1995 Annual Meeting, Botanical Society of America (San Diego, California). American Journal of Botany 82 (6, Suppl.): 83-84. Boucher, L.D., E.L. Taylor, and T.N. Taylor. 1995. Trends in Dicroidium leaf architecture. The Evolution of Plant Architecture meeting (London, UK). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 4-5. Boucher, L.D. 1994. Classification of pteridosperm foliage using elliptic Fourier analysis. 1994 Annual Meeting, Botanical Society of America (Knoxville, Tennessee). American Journal of Botany 81 (6, Suppl.): 88. Boucher, L.D.*, E.L. Taylor, and T.N. Taylor. 1994. Dicroidium distribution in Antarctica and its role in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. 1994Annual v Meeting, Botanical Society of America (Knoxville, Tennessee). American Journal of Botany 81 (6, Suppl.): 88-89. Boucher, L.D.*, E.L. Taylor, and T.N.Taylor. 1993. A comparison of cuticular structures from Dicroidium and associated corystosperm reproductive organs. 1993 Annual Meeting, Botanical Society of America (Ames, Iowa). American Journal of Botany 80 (6, Suppl.): 87. Boucher, L.D., E.L. Taylor, and T.N. Taylor. 1993. Dicroidium from theTriassicof Antarctica. In: S.G. Lucas and M. Morales (eds.), The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin No. 3:39-46. Taylor, E.L., L.D. Boucher, and T.N. Taylor. 1992. Dicroidium foliage from Mount Falla, central Transantarctic Mountains. Antarctic Journal of the U.S. 27(5): 2-3. Boucher, L.D.*, E.L. Taylor, and T.N. Taylor. 1992. Distribution of Dicroidium in the Southern hemisphere during the Triassic. 4th International Organization of Paleobotany Conference (Paris, France). OFP Informations N* Special 16-B: 31. Taylor, E.L.*, T.N. Taylor, N.R. Cdneo, and L.D. Boucher. 1991. Osmundaceous ferns from the Triassic of Antarctica. 1991 Annual Meeting, Botanical Society of America (San Antonio, Texas). American Journal of Botany 78 (6, Suppl.): 127. HELDS OF STUDY Major Reid: Plant Biology Studies in Paleobotany TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... iii VITA ............................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 The Corystospermales ............................................................................ 1 Morphological and Cuticular Features of Dicroidium ................................. 5 The Triassic Paleoenvironment of Gondwana ....................................... 7 Dissertation Objectives .......................................................................... 13 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................ 15 Fossil Material and Localities ............................................................... 15 Techniques ................................................................................................ 16 III. MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF DICROIDIUM........................................ 19 Classification Using Elliptic Fourier Analysis ....................................... 19 Results ........................................................................................................ 21 Discussion ....................................................................................................22
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