Raptor Species Index

Home , Accipiter, African fish eagle, African goshawk, African hobby, Augur buzzard, Aviceda

A Accipiter henstii (Henst’s goshawk), 9, 53 Accipiter albogularis (pied goshawk), 9 Accipiter hiogaster (variable goshawk), 9, 49 Accipiter badius (shikra), 9, 422, 424, 447 Accipiter imitator (imitator goshawk), 9 Accipiter bicolor (bicolored hawk), 9 Accipiter luteoschistaceus (slaty-mantled Accipiter brachyurus (bismarck sparrowhawk), 9 goshawk), 9 Accipiter brevipes (Levant sparrowhawk), 9 Accipiter madagascariensis (Madagascan Accipiter butleri (Nicobar sparrowhawk), 9 sparrowhawk), 7, 9 Accipiter castanilius (chestnut-flanked Accipiter melanochlamys (black-mantled sparrowhawk), 9, 446 goshawk), 9 Accipiter chilensis (Chilean hawk), 9 Accipiter melanoleucus (black sparrowhawk), Accipiter chionogaster (white-breasted hawk), 9 9, 81, 180, 182, 184, 427, 436, Accipiter cirrocephalus (collared 441–442, 446 sparrowhawk), 9 Accipiter meyerianus (Meyer’s goshawk), 9 Accipiter collaris (semicollared hawk), 8, 18, Accipiter minullus (little sparrowhawk), 9, 447 19, 377 Accipiter nanus (dwarf sparrowhawk), 8, 9 Accipiter cooperii (Cooper’s hawk), 9, 107, Accipiter nisus (Eurasian sparrowhawk), 9, 56, 179, 181, 190–191, 343, 352 78, 104, 124, 132, 166, 179, 232, 264 Accipiter erythrauchen (rufous-necked Accipiter novaehollandiae (grey goshawk), 9, sparrowhawk), 9 49, 54, 81 Accipiter erythronemius (rufous-thighed Accipiter ovampensis (Ovambo sparrowhawk), hawk), 9, 191 9, 447 Accipiter erythropus (red-thighed Accipiter poliocephalus (grey-headed sparrowhawk), 9, 447 goshawk), 9 Accipiter fasciatus (brown goshawk), 9 Accipiter poliogaster (grey-bellied hawk), 9, Accipiter francesiae (Frances’s sparrowhawk), 9 18, 54, 376, 377, 385 Accipiter gentilis (northern goshawk), 9, 69, Accipiter princeps (New Britain goshawk), 9 81, 104, 264, 343, 351 Accipiter rhodogaster (vinous-breasted Accipiter griseiceps (Sulawesi goshawk), 8, 19 sparrowhawk), 9 Accipiter gularis (Japanese sparrowhawk), 9 Accipiter rufitorques (Fiji goshawk), 9 Accipiter gundlachi (Gundlach’s hawk), 9, Accipiter rufiventris (rufous-breasted 202, 377, 389 sparrowhawk), 9, 447 Accipiter haplochrous (white-bellied Accipiter soloensis (Chinese sparrowhawk), 9, goshawk), 9 127, 131 Accipiter henicogrammus (Moluccan Accipiter striatus (sharp-shinned hawk), 9, goshawk), 9 125, 343, 375

Accipiter superciliosus (tiny hawk), 8, 18, 19 B Accipiter tachiro (African goshawk), 9, 446 Bubo africanus (spotted eagle owl), 243 Accipiter toussenelii (red-chested goshawk), Bubo blakistoni (Blakiston’s fish owl), 354, 9, 447 399, 401 Accipiter trinotatus (spot-tailed sparrowhawk), 9 Bubo bubo (eagle owl), 44, 55, 104, 106, 107, Accipiter trivirgatus (crested goshawk), 8, 18, 19 235, 312, 343 Accipiter ventralis (plain-breasted hawk), 9 Bubo scandiacus (snowy owl), 43, 106, 237 Accipiter virgatus (Besra), 8, 9, 18, 19 See also Nyctea scandiaca Aegolius funereus (Tengmalm’s owl), 104, 352 Bubo virginianus (great horned owl), 191, 237, Aegypius monachus (cinereous vulture), 7, 281, 304 206, 234, 253, 344, 458, 461 Busarellus nigricollis (black-collared hawk), Aegypius varswaterensis, 13 9, 46 Aquila adalberti (Spanish imperial eagle), 8, Butastur indicus (grey-faced buzzard), 9, 58, 106, 111, 205, 264, 274, 282, 287, 127, 131 296, 311, 343, 353, 460 Butastur liventer (rufous-winged buzzard), 9 Aquila africana (Cassin’s eagle), 8, 53 Butastur rufipennis (grasshopper buzzard), 9, See also Spizaetus africanus (Cassin’s 422, 436, 446 hawk-eagle) Butastur teesa (white-eyed buzzard), 9 Aquila audax (wedge-tailed eagle), 8, 170, Buteo albigula (white-throated hawk), 10 213, 238, 343 Buteo albonotatus (zone-tailed hawk), 10, 53 Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle), 8, 35, 45, 46, Buteo archeri (Archer’s buzzard), 10 54, 69, 84, 162, 167, 170, 212–215, 231, Buteo augur (Augur buzzard), 10, 213, 421, 235, 236, 240, 260, 264, 281, 286, 289, 427, 441, 446, 486 305, 306, 315, 327, 343, 344, 355, 479 Buteo auguralis (red-necked buzzard), 10, Aquila fasciata (Bonelli’s eagle), 8, 9, 54, 100, 422, 430, 447 232, 274, 289, 311, 344 Buteo bannermani (Cape Verde buzzard), 10 Aquila gurneyi (Gurney’s eagle), 8 Buteo brachypterus (Madagascan buzzard), 10 Aquila heliaca (eastern imperial eagle), 8, 167, Buteo brachyurus (short-tailed hawk), 10 216, 239, 343, 352, 353, 402 Buteo burmanicus (Himalayan buzzard), 10 Aquila nipalensis (steppe eagle), 8, 167, 202, Buteo buteo (Eurasian or common buzzard), 213, 239, 343, 399, 402, 406, 410, 55, 69, 72, 74, 78, 81, 104, 147, 148, 422, 436 150, 199, 205, 212, 232, 235, 264 Aquila pennata (booted eagle), 8, 18, 50, 73, Buteo galapagoensis (Galapagos hawk), 10, 125, 166, 213, 243, 343, 436 39, 56, 343, 376, 377, 389 Aquila rapax (tawny eagle), 8, 81, 315, Buteogallus aequinoctialis (rufous crab hawk), 421, 447 10, 377 Aquila spilogaster (Bonaparte’s eagle), 8, Buteogallus anthracinus (common black 430, 446 hawk), 10 Aquila verreauxii (Verreaux’s eagle), 8, 81, Buteogallus coronatus (Chaco eagle), 10, 201, 213–214, 217, 315, 420, 421, 436, 439, 202, 328, 377, 380 440, 446 See also Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Asio flammeus (short eared owl), 235 (crowned solitary eagle) Asio otus (long-eared owl), 144, 235 Buteogallus gundlachii (Cuban black hawk), Athene cunicularia (burrowing owl), 106, 179, 10, 378 180, 184, 186, 187, 191, 314, 343, 352 Buteogallus lacernulatus (white-necked Athene noctua (little owl), 108, 211 hawk), 10, 377 Aviceda cuculoides (African cuckoo-hawk), 7, Buteogallus meridionalis (Savanna hawk), 10 134, 433, 446 Buteogallus schistaceus (slate-colored hawk), 10 Aviceda jerdoni (Jerdon’s baza), 7 Buteogallus solitarius (solitary eagle), Aviceda leuphotes (black baza), 7 10, 377 Aviceda madagascariensis (Madagascan Buteogallus urubitinga (great black hawk), cuckoo-hawk), 7, 9 10, 143 Aviceda subcristata (Pacific baza), 7, 143 Buteo hemilasius (upland buzzard), 10, 315 Raptor Species Index 501

Buteo jamaicensis (red-tailed hawk), 10, 182, Circaetus beaudouini (Beaudouin’s snake 191, 237, 258, 281, 289, 327, 332, eagle), 8, 422, 430, 433, 446 343, 484 Circaetus cinerascens (western banded snake Buteo japonicus (eastern buzzard), 10 eagle), 8, 433, 447 Buteo lagopus (rough-legged buzzard), 10, Circaetus cinereus (brown snake eagle), 8, 136, 343 9, 446 Buteo lineatus (red-shouldered hawk), 10, Circaetus fasciolatus (southern banded snake 182, 343 eagle), 8, 430, 433, 447 Buteo magnirostris (roadside hawk), 212 Circaetus gallicus (short-toed snake eagle), 8, See also Rupornis magnirostris 125, 166 Buteo nitidus (grey-lined hawk), 10 Circaetus pectoralis (black-chested snake Buteo oreophilus (mountain buzzard), 10, 430, eagle), 8, 446 433, 447 Circaetus rhodopensis, 12 Buteo plagiatus (grey hawk), 10 Circaetus spectabilis (Congo serpent eagle), 8, Buteo platypterus (broad-winged hawk), 10, 19, 446 126, 129, 130, 343 See also Dryotriorchis spectabilis (West Buteo regalis (ferruginous hawk), 10, 171, African serpent-eagle) 315, 327, 332, 343 Circus aeruginosus (western marsh harrier), 9, Buteo ridgwayi (Ridgway’s hawk), 10, 202, 55, 125, 199, 203, 204, 211, 212, 352, 355, 376, 377, 389, 475, 476, 235, 264 484–485 Circus approximans (swamp harrier), Buteo rufinus (long-legged buzzard), 10 9, 173, 238 Buteo rufofuscus (jackal buzzard), 10, 424 Circus assimilis (spotted harrier), 9 Buteo socotraensis (Socotra buzzard), 10 Circus buffoni (long-winged harrier), 9, 199, 205 Buteo solitarius (Hawaiian hawk), 10 Circus cinereus (cinereous harrier), 9 Buteo swainsoni (Swainson’s hawk), 10, 55, Circus cyaneus (hen harrier), 9, 56, 147, 204, 109, 126, 130, 199, 205, 208, 212, 219, 207, 236, 311 237, 277, 315, 343, 352, 386, 387 Circus hudsonius (northern harrier), 9 Buteo trizonatus (forest buzzard), 10, 446 Circus macrosceles (Malagasy harrier), 9, Buteo ventralis (rufous-tailed hawk), 10, 376, 202, 203 377, 379 Circus macrourus (pallid harrier), 9, 204, 407, 422, 424 Circus maillardi (Reunion harrier), C 9, 202 Caracara cheriway (northern crested Circus maurus (black harrier), 9, 202, 203, caracara), 10 433, 446 Caracara lutosa (Guadalupe caracara), Circus melanoleucos (pied harrier), 9, 11 214, 388 Circus pygargus (Montagu’s harrier), 9, 36, Caracara plancus (southern crested caracara), 204, 424 10, 81, 143, 144, 205 Circus ranivorus (African marsh harrier), 9, See also Polyborus plancus 430, 446 Cathartes aura (Turkey vulture), 7, 11, 44, 53, Circus spilonotus (eastern marsh harrier), 9 55, 126, 130, 143, 211, 256, 275, 347, Circus spilothorax (Papuan harrier), 9 374, 385 Clanga clanga (greater spotted eagle), 8, 84, Cathartes burrovianus (greater yellow-headed 357 vulture), 7, 11 Clanga hastata (Indian spotted eagle), 8 Cathartes melambrotus (lesser yellow-headed Clanga pomarina (lesser spotted eagle), 8, 81, vulture), 7, 11 84, 357 Chelictinia riocourii (scissor-tailed kite), 7, Coragyps atratus (black vulture), 7, 11, 422, 446 55, 143, 214–215, 264, 352, 358, Chondrohierax uncinatus (Cuban kite), 7, 202 385, 491 Chondrohierax wilsonii (hook-billed kite), 7, Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea (plumbeous 202, 377, 389 hawk), 9, 10, 377 502 Raptor Species Index

D Falco chicquera (red-necked falcon), 11, Daptrius albogularis (white-throated 424, 447 caracara), 10 Falco columbarius (American Merlin), 5, 11, Daptrius americanus (red-throated caracara), 54, 125, 231, 344 10, 143 Falco concolor (sooty falcon), 11 Daptrius ater (black caracara), 10, 142, 143, Falco cuvierii (African hobby), 11, 446 146, 155 Falco deiroleucus (orange-breasted falcon), Daptrius australis (striated caracara), 10, 57, 11, 201, 377, 380, 486, 491 214, 377, 379, 389 Falco dickinsoni (Dickinson’s kestrel), 11, See also Phalcoboenus australis 425, 446 Daptrius carunculatus (carunculated Falco eleonorae (Eleonora’s falcon), 11, 147, caracara), 10 149, 152, 232 See also Phalcoboenus carunculatus Falco fasciinucha (Taita falcon), 11, 425, 430, Daptrius chimachima (yellow-headed 433, 447 caracara), 10 Falco femoralis (aplomado falcon), 11, 171, See also Milvago chimachima 212, 486 Daptrius chimango (chimango caracara), 10, Falco hypoleucos (grey falcon), 11 187, 189, 199, 212 Falco jugger (laggar falcon), 11 See also Milvago chimango Falco longipennis (Australian hobby), 11 Daptrius megalopterus (mountain caracara), 10 Falco mexicanus (prairie falcon), 11, 312, 315 Dryotriorchis spectabilis (West African Falco moluccensis (spotted kestrel), 11 serpent-eagle), 19, 53, 446 Falco naumanni (lesser kestrel), 11, 36, 37, See also Circaetus spectabilis (Congo 39, 56, 58, 104, 109, 166, 175, 179, serpent eagle) 182, 184, 199, 204–205, 211, 216, 327, 331, 344, 351, 356, 424, 425 Falco newtoni (Malagasy kestrel), 11 E Falco novaeseelandiae (New Zealand falcon), Elanoides forficatus (swallow-tailed kite), 7, 11, 143 44, 143 Falco pelegrinoides (barbary falcon), 11, Elanus axillaris (black-shouldered kite), 7, 42 431, 446 Elanus caeruleus (black-winged kite), 7, 38, Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon), 11, 33, 40, 42, 55, 134, 147, 213, 436, 446 79, 111, 127, 174, 179, 231, 264, 289, Elanus leucurus (white-tailed kite), 7, 39, 42, 344, 352, 358, 436, 443, 447, 477 212, 311 Falco punctatus (Mauritius kestrel), 11, 109, Elanus scriptus (letter-winged kite), 7, 42 202, 353, 355, 358 Erythrotriorchis buergersi (chestnut- Falco rufigularis (bat falcon), 11, 143 shouldered goshawk), 8, 21, 410 Falco rupicoloides (greater kestrel), 11, 315, 446 Erythrotriorchis radiatus (red goshawk), 8 Falco rupicolus (rock kestrel), 11, 243, 431 Eutriorchis astur (Madagascan serpent eagle), Falco rusticolus (gyrfalcon), 11, 49, 171, 7, 19, 53, 202 172, 231, 235, 312, 344, 351, 477, 488–490 Falco severus (Oriental hobby), 11 F Falco sparverius (American kestrel), 11, 40, Falco aesalon (Eurasian Merlin), 5, 11 58, 125, 147, 191, 204–205, 212, 213, Falco alopex (fox kestrel), 11, 446 233, 258, 279, 312, 343 Falco amurensis (Amur falcon), 11, 46, 55, Falco subbuteo (Eurasian hobby), 11, 166, 127, 131, 402, 406, 422, 424, 425 315, 344 Falco araeus (Seychelles kestrel), 11, 354, 355 Falco subniger (black falcon), 11 Falco ardosiaceus (grey kestrel), 11, 143, 446 Falco tinnunculus (common kestrel), 11, 52, Falco berigora (brown falcon), 11, 35 53, 55, 104, 109, 144, 147, 166, 179, Falco biarmicus (lanner falcon), 11, 147, 161, 181, 183, 199, 204, 211, 232–235, 278, 165, 232, 233, 315, 424, 447 315, 344, 446 Falco cenchroides (nankeen kestrel), 11 Falco vespertinus (red-footed falcon), 11, 46, Falco cherrug (saker falcon), 11, 202, 210, 162, 402, 407, 424 239, 240, 274, 399, 402, 406, 410 Falco zoniventris (banded kestrel), 11 Raptor Species Index 503

G Haliaeetus sanfordi (Sanford’s sea eagle), 9 Gampsonyx swainsonii (Pearl kite), 7 Haliaeetus vocifer (African fish eagle), 9, 343, Geranoaetus albicaudatus (white-tailed 344, 355, 437, 440–441, 446, 490 hawk), 10 Haliaeetus vociferoides (Madagascan fish Geranoaetus melanoleucus (black-chested eagle), 9, 202, 204, 343, 344, 355, buzzard-eagle), 10, 276 486–488, 490, 491 Geranoaetus polyosoma (variable hawk), 10, 199 Haliastur indus (brahminy kite), 9 Geranospiza caerulescens (crane hawk), 10 Haliastur sphenurus (whistling kite), 9, 238 Gymnogyps californianus (California condor), Hamirostra melanosternon (black-breasted 7, 11, 58, 264, 286, 288, 311, 344, 352, buzzard), 7 359–361, 386, 462, 474, 477, 479–480 Harpagus bidentatus (double-toothed kite), 8, 18 Gypaetus barbatus (bearded vulture), 7, 33, Harpagus diodon (rufous-thighed kite), 8, 18 45, 50, 78, 162, 214, 232, 244, 264, Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle), 8, 34, 57, 200, 344, 352, 357, 358, 446, 458 201, 254, 344, 353, 374, 377, 383, 384, Gypohierax angolensis (palm-nut vulture), 7, 475, 477, 484–488 33, 142–144, 155, 430, 444, 447 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus (crowned solitary Gyps africanus (white-backed vulture), 7, 202, eagle), 210, 214, 238, 383, 385 209, 242–244, 315, 427, 430, 433, 438, See also Buteogallus coronatus 446, 459 (Chaco eagle) Gyps bengalensis (white-rumped vulture), 7, Harpyopsis novaeguineae (Papuan eagle), 8 202, 242, 358, 399, 459, 480 Helicolestes hamatus (slender-billed kite), 9 Gyps coprotheres (Cape vulture), 7, 202, 209, See also Rosthramus hamatus 242–244, 283, 427, 430, 433, 446, 481 Henicopernis infuscatus (black honey Gyps fulvus (griffon vulture), 7, 55, 126, 162, buzzard), 7 166, 206, 232, 234, 242, 264, 305, 344, Henicopernis longicauda (long-tailed honey 358, 458 buzzard), 7 Gyps himalayensis (Himalayan vulture), 7, 78, Herpetotheres cachinnans (Laughing Falcon), 242, 408 6, 10, 33 Gyps indicus (Indian vulture), 7, 202, 242, Heteroglaux blewitti (forest owlet), 399, 402, 399, 407, 480 407 Gyps rueppelli (Rüppell’s vulture), 7, 126, Hieraaetus ayresii (Ayres’s eagle), 8, 446 202, 430, 438, 443, 447, 459 Hieraaetus fasciatus, see Aquila fasciata Gyps tenuirostris (slender-billed vulture), 7, (Bonelli’s eagle) 202, 242, 399 Hieraaetus morphnoides (little eagle), 8, 238 Hieraaetus pennatus (booted eagle), 8, 18, 73, 125, 166, 213, 243, 436 H See also Aquila pennata (booted eagle) Haliaeetus albicilla (white-tailed eagle), 9, 47, Hieraaetus spilogaster (African hawk eagle), 58, 162, 164–166, 231, 232, 239, 256, see Aquila spilogaster (Bonaparte’s 260, 261, 264, 343, 344, 355, 490 eagle) Haliaeetus humilis (lesser fish eagle), 9 Hieraaetus wahlbergi (Wahlberg’s eagle), 8, See also Ichthyophaga humilis 422, 424, 432, 447 Haliaeetus ichthyaetus (Grey-headed Fish Hieraaetus weiskei (pygmy eagle), 8 Eagle), 9 See also Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle), 9, 58, I 109, 126, 134, 162, 170, 180, 190, 191, Ichthyophaga humilis (lesser fish eagle), 9, 203 260–262, 289–291, 311, 314, 327, 332, See also Haliaeetus humilis 343, 344, 347, 411, 490 Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (grey-headed fish Haliaeetus leucogaster (white-bellied sea eagle), 9, 203 eagle), 9, 203, 238 See also Haliaeetus ichthyaetus Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas’s fish eagle), 9, Ictinaetus malaiensis (black eagle), 8 402, 408, 409 Ictinia mississippiensis (Mississippi kite), 9, Haliaeetus pelagicus (Steller’s sea eagle), 9, 46, 130, 179, 182, 184 238, 264, 327, 401, 407, 408 Ictinia plumbea (plumbeous kite), 9 504 Raptor Species Index

K Milvus migrans (black kite), 9, 54, 104, 109, Kaupifalco monogrammicus (lizard buzzard), 143, 327, 332, 424, 446, 492 8, 18, 19, 447 Milvus milvus (red kite), 9, 54, 57, 125, 208, 232–236, 264, 305, 306, 460, 492 Morphnarchus princeps (barred hawk), 9, 10 L Morphnus guianensis (crested eagle), 8, 201, Leptodon cayanensis (grey-headed kite), 7 344, 377 Leptodon forbesi (white-collared kite), 7, 202, 376, 377, 390 Leucopternis kuhli (white-browed hawk), 10 N Leucopternis melanops (black-faced hawk), 10 Necrosyrtes monachus (hooded vulture), 7, 49, Leucopternis semiplumbeus (semiplumbeous 202, 423, 427, 430, 436, 444, 446, 459 hawk), 10 Neohierax insignis (white-rumped falcon), 5, 11 Lophaetus occipitalis (long-crested eagle), 8, Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian vulture), 7, 424, 430, 439, 447 48, 77, 78, 143, 202, 208, 253, 264, Lophoictinia isura (square-tailed kite), 7 274, 344, 354, 399, 410, 446, 461 Lophotriorchis kienerii (rufous-bellied eagle), 8 Ninox leventisi (Camiguin boobook), 399 Ninox novaeseelandiae (morepork), 238 Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata (Norfolk M Island Boobook owl), 350 Macheiramphus alcinus (bat hawk), 8, 144, Ninox rumseyi (Cebu boobook), 399 421, 446 Ninox strenua (powerful owl), 345, 352 Megatriorchis doriae (Doria’s goshawk), 8, 18 Ninox theomacha (jungle boobook), 410 Melierax canorus (pale chanting goshawk), 8, Nisaetus alboniger (Blyth’s hawk-eagle), 8 18, 447 Nisaetus bartelsi (Javan hawk-eagle), 8, 202, Melierax metabates (dark chanting goshawk), 399, 409 8, 424, 446 Nisaetus cirrhatus (changeable hawk-eagle), 8 Melierax poliopterus (eastern chanting Nisaetus floris (Flores hawk-eagle), 8, 202, 399 goshawk), 8, 18, 446 Nisaetus kelaarti (Legge’s hawk-eagle), 8 Micrastur buckleyi (Buckley’s forest falcon), 10 Nisaetus lanceolatus (Sulawesi hawk-eagle), 8 Micrastur gilvicollis (lined forest falcon), 10 Nisaetus nanus (Wallace’s hawk-eagle), 8, 199 Micrastur mintoni (cryptic forest falcon), 10 Nisaetus nipalensis (mountain hawk-eagle), 8 Micrastur mirandollei (slaty-backed forest See also Spizaetus nipalensis falcon), 10 Nisaetus philippensis (Philippine hawk-eagle), Micrastur plumbeus (plumbeous forest 8, 202, 399 falcon), 10, 377 Nisaetus pinskeri (Pinsker’s hawk-eagle), 8, Micrastur ruficollis (barred forest falcon), 10, 143 202, 399 Micrastur semitorquatus (collared forest Nyctea scandiaca (Snowy owl), 43, 164–165 falcon), 10 See also Bubo scandiacus Microhierax caerulescens (collared falconet), 11 Microhierax erythrogenys (Philippine falconet), 11 O Microhierax fringillarius (black-thighed Otus alfredi (Flores scops owl), 399 falconet), 11 Otus alius (Nicobar scops-owl), 410 Microhierax latifrons (white-fronted falconet), 11 Otus asio (eastern screech owl), 181 Microhierax melanoleucos (pied falconet), 11 Otus elegans (Lanyu scops owl), 345, 352 Micronisus gabar (gabar goshawk), 8, 18, Otus ireneae (Sokoke scops owl), 488 424, 446 Otus siaoensis (Siau scops owl), 399 Milvago chimachima (yellow-headed Otus thilohoffmanni (Serendib scops owl), 399 caracara), 10, 143 See also Daptrius chimachima Milvago chimango (chimango caracara), 143, P 181, 184, 187, 189, 205, 212 Pandion cristatus (eastern osprey), 7 See also Daptrius chimango Pandion haliaetus (western osprey), 7, 127, Milvus aegyptius (yellow-billed kite), 9, 422, 166, 203, 231, 260, 289, 309, 315, 327, 436, 493 328, 344, 345, 357, 386 Raptor Species Index 505

Parabuteo leucorrhous (white-rumped hawk), 10 Spilornis elgini (Andaman Serpent Eagle), 8 Parabuteo unicinctus (Harris’s hawk), 10, 145, Spilornis holospilus (Sulawesi serpent eagle), 171, 174, 282 7, 8 Pernis apivorus (European honey buzzard), 7, Spilornis kinabaluensis (crested serpent 19, 143, 264 eagle), 7 Pernis celebensis (barred honey buzzard), 7 Spilornis klossi (Philippine serpent eagle), Pernis ptilorhynchus (crested honey buzzard), 7 7, 8 Pernis steerei (Philippine honey buzzard), 7 Spilornis rufipectus (Great Nicobar serpent Phalcoboenus australis (Striated caracara) eagle), 7 See also Daptrius australis Spizaetus africanus (Cassin’s hawk eagle), 53 Phalcoboenus australis (striated caracara), 10, See also Aquila africana (Cassin’s eagle) 57, 214, 377, 389 Spizaetus isidori (black-and-chestnut Phalcoboenus carunculatus (carunculated hawk-eagle), 8, 202, 214, 377, 383 caracara), 10, 143 Spizaetus melanoleucus (black-and-white See also Daptrius carunculatus hawk-eagle), 8 Pithecophaga jefferyi (Philippine eagle), 8, Spizaetus nipalensis (mountain hawk-eagle), 345 202, 214, 399, 402, 407–409, 484, 486 See also Nisaetus nipalensis Polemaetus bellicosus (martial eagle), 8, 209, Spizaetus ornatus (ornate hawk-eagle), 8, 213, 315, 421, 427, 430, 439, 447, 486 54, 377 Polihierax semitorquatus (pygmy falcon), 11, Spizaetus tyrannus (black hawk-eagle), 8 33, 52, 421, 443, 447 Spiziapteryx circumcincta (spot-winged Polyboroides radiatus (Madagascan harrier- falconet), 10, 52 hawk), 7 Stephanoaetus coronatus (crowned eagle), 8, Polyboroides typus (African harrier-hawk), 7, 34, 421, 430, 436, 440, 446, 484, 486 49, 142, 143, 446 Strix aluco (tawny owl), 352 Polyborus plancus (southern crested caracara), 46 Strix nebulosa (great grey owl), 345 See also Caracara plancus Strix occidentalis (California spotted owl), Pseudastur albicollis (white hawk), 10 104, 345 Pseudastur occidentalis (grey-backed hawk), Strix varia (barred owl), 345, 357 10, 202, 377 Strix woodfordii (wood owl), 243 Pseudastur polionotus (mantled hawk), 10, 377 Psiloscops flammeolus (flammulated owl), 104, 352 T Terathopius ecaudatus (bateleur), 8, 19, 46, 113, 430, 446, 482 R Torgos tracheliotos (lappet-faced vulture), 7, Rostrhamus hamatus (slender-billed kite), 46 203, 209, 241, 430, 438 See also Helicolestes hamatus Trigonoceps occipitalis (white-headed Rostrhamus sociabilis (snail kite), 9, 46, 189 vulture), 7, 202, 430, 447, 459 Rupornis magnirostris (Roadside Hawk) Tyto alba (barn owl), 144, 180, 234–236, 243, See also Buteo magnirostris 345, 347 Rupornis magnirostris (roadside hawk), 10 Tyto almae (Seram masked owl), 410

S U Sagittarius serpentarius (secretary bird), 5, 7, Urotriorchis macrourus (long-tailed hawk), 8, 49, 113, 421, 430, 447, 486 18, 447 Sarcogyps calvus (red-headed vulture), 7, 202, 399 Sarcoramphus papa (king vulture), 7, 11, 388 V Spilornis cheela (mountain serpent eagle), 7, Vultur gryphus (Andean condor), 7, 11, 33, 345, 492 214, 238, 264, 374, 376, 378, 386 Word-Topics Index

A African Bird Atlas project, 426–428 Absorption, 47, 256–258, 260 African East Sudanian savanna, 21 Abundance, 21, 29, 36, 64, 65, 68, 81, 102, African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement 109, 111, 133, 179, 183, 184, 199, (AEWA), 256, 265 207, 212, 213, 216, 283, 307, 331, African Raptor Data Bank (ARDB), 428, 490 383, 397, 406, 420, 422, 424, 426, African Vulture Crisis, 427 427, 435, 437, 442, 445, 473, 478, Age and gender differences, 132–133 482, 488, 489, 491 Aggressive behaviour, 332, 335 Access, 35, 50–51, 55, 56, 64, 73, 265, 295, Agricultural expansion and intensification, 311, 326, 327, 348, 406, 411, 461, 198, 436 465, 487 Agricultural pests, 216, 423, 424 Accipiter, 8, 12, 14, 18–21, 28, 47, 49, 52, 53, Agriculture, 164, 197–219, 307, 314, 315, 56, 78, 81, 104, 107, 124, 125, 127, 325, 373, 381–383, 396, 400, 404, 131, 132, 166, 179–182, 191, 202, 405, 407, 422, 426, 436, 486, 487 232, 264, 281, 343, 375–377, 385, industrial, 199, 205 389, 422, 441, 446, 447 Agroecosystems, 197, 204, 205, 216–218 Accipitridae, 5, 7, 13, 39, 71, 147, 203, 218, Aircraft, 126, 173, 325–327, 330, 333 375, 376, 457 Airports, 162, 173, 174, 333 Accipitriformes, 3–29, 33, 35, 39, 43, 44, 57, Aldicarb, 232, 461 143, 162, 289, 376, 385, 389, 396, Aleternative perch, 151 399, 400, 431 Alien tree plantations, 442 Activity areas, 64 Alimentary tract, 261 Adrenergic drugs, 207 Allelic frequencies, 112, 353 Aerial acrobatic display, 34 Altitudinal migration, 134, 154 Aerial food transfer, 38–39 Amazon Afforestation, 382 Brazilian, 199 Africa river, 199 east, 127, 128, 274, 424, 431, 434, 443, Amazonia, 373, 379, 382, 385, 390 444, 482, 488 Amazonian rainforest, 373, 379 north, 434 American condors, 78 southern, 21, 217, 244, 283, 420, 422, Ammunition 426–428, 434, 437, 442, 462, 464 hunting, 252–256, 261, 264–266, 480 sub-Saharan, 244, 419, 421, 424, 431, 432, lead-based, 252, 255, 256, 261, 264–266 434–437, 445 lead-free, 265, 266 west, 126, 134, 203, 424, 433, 434, 438, rifle, 255 439, 444, 486 shotgun, 255, 256, 265

Animal science, 34 Behavior, 4, 124, 125, 128, 130, 151, 161, Animal welfare, 255, 329 162, 177–179, 185, 186, 189, 191, Anthropogenic threats to vultures, 443 197, 206, 215, 280, 282, 283, 293, Antibiotic residues, 460 305–307, 310, 313, 374, 376, 388, Antibiotics, 207–209, 460, 461 389, 485 Anticholinesterase, 232, 233 Behavioral flexibility, 186, 189–190 Anticoagulant rodenticides, 230, 232, Behavioural adaptations, vultures, 43 234–236, 397 Behavioural changes, 233, 263 Anti-inflammatory drugs, 207, 242 Behavioural ecology, 33–58, 332–333, 431 Anti-parasitic agents, 461 Belgium, 124, 232 Anti-poaching, 423 Benefit from conservation, 488 Aquaculture, 202, 382, 386, 400, 404 Besra, 9 Aragon, 211, 463 Beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS), 326, Ardea cinerea, 148, 234 328, 330, 333 Argentina, 55, 184, 189, 199–201, 205, Bioaccumulation, 72 208–210, 212, 214, 237, 274, 276, Biofuels, 303, 305–307, 314, 316 380, 382, 384–387, 389, 391 Bioindicators, 64, 198, 233 Argentinean Pampas, 199 Biological adaptations, 458 Artificial structures, 66, 210 Biparental, 75, 78, 79 Arvicola terrestris, 235 Bird collisions, 288, 333 Asia Bird flight diverter (BFD), 291, 292 central, 134, 201, 210, 402, 405–407, 410 Birding, 241, 425 east, 395, 402, 406, 410 Blood, 46, 48, 97, 208, 209, 232, 233, 236, northeastern, 207 243, 244, 253, 257–260, 348, 351, southeastern, 198–200, 206, 219 442, 474, 478, 480 Asian Vulture Crisis, 1990s, 459 lead values, 257, 263 Assyrians, 167 Blyth’s Hawk-Eagle, 8 Australia, 171, 173, 209, 213, 238, Body condition, 37, 47, 63, 70, 73–74, 103, 252, 274 235, 263 Austria, 183, 236, 458 Bolivia, 201, 380 Automatically track, 330 Bones, 78, 150, 161, 163–165, 215, 240, 251, Automatic recognition system, 329 253, 257–259, 261, 264, 387, 462 Availability Bos taurus, 331 green space, 182 Botswana, 207, 243, 244, 425, 428, 438 nest site, 63, 67, 70, 71, 182, 183 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), prey, 55, 125, 132, 133, 183, 283, 383, 206, 214, 219, 463 422, 437, 438 Brahminy kite, 9 Avian Power Line Interaction Committee Brazil, 198–201, 380, 390 (APLIC), 273, 275, 276, 281, 283, Breeding 284, 286–287, 290, 296, 309, 310 colonies, 205, 327, 424, 438 Avian scavenger management programs, 465 cycle phases, 75–79 Avian scavengers, 460, 464, 465, 479, 482 density, 66, 182, 184 Avicides, 236 dispersal, 95, 100, 102, 103, 108, 136 Avitourism, Avitourism industry, 425 experience, 67–69, 102 home range, 66, 108 performance, 77, 80, 83, 109, 182 B productivity, 79, 492 Babylonians, 167 rates, 68, 70 Baltic sea, 232 success, 38, 63, 66, 70, 71, 73, 75, 80, Bangladesh, 401, 407, 460 83, 85, 95, 109, 182, 204, 217, Ban on production, importation, sale of 312, 316, 327–329, 354, 390, 425, diclofenac, 241, 460 443, 463 Barbiturates, 237 territory, 69, 82, 100, 108 Batesian, 52 British Museum, 167 Word-Topics Index 509

Broad-winged hawk, 10, 126, 129, 130 Carrion, 35, 85, 206, 209, 265, 359, 386, 457, Bromadiolone, 235, 240 458, 461, 482 Brood Carrion-eating birds, 457 multiple, 80 Casting (regurgitated pellet), 256 patch, 77 Cathartes, 7, 11, 44, 55, 78, 126, 143, 211, size, 83, 105, 180, 181, 183, 184, 327 256, 374, 385 Buenos Aires province, 206 Cathartidae, 5, 7, 46, 147, 218, 359, 457 Bullet fragments, 239, 241, 252 Cathartiformes, 3–29, 143, 376, 386 Bullets, semi-jacketed, 253–255, 261 Cattle, 51, 201, 205, 207–209, 212, 242, 331, Burkina Faso, 428, 444, 459 355, 382, 460, 463, 487, 488 Buzzard, 7–10, 19, 55, 58, 69, 72, 74, 78, 81, Cattle killing by vultures, 242 104, 113, 127, 131, 148, 150, Central Europe, 124, 161, 164, 214, 351 199, 205, 208, 212, 213, 232, Centrocercus urophasianus, 331 235, 240, 264, 276, 315, 421, Cerrado, 201 422, 424, 427, 430, 432, 433, Cervus nippon, 239, 407 436, 441, 446, 447, 486 Chaco biome, 203 diversity, 201, 382 C forest, 201, 379, 382 Cainism, 81, 83 Chad, 422 Calcium, 257–259, 478 Chemicals sensors, 326 Cameroon, 422, 428, 486 China, 172, 239–240, 252, 274, 398, 402, 403, Canada, 58, 125, 126, 136, 170, 174, 190, 406, 409, 422, 445, 464 205, 206, 208, 236, 274, 280, 288, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, 440 312, 483 Ciconia ciconia, 327 Canadian cities, 125 Ciconiidae, 5 Canis latrans, 236 Ciconiiformes, 43 Capacity building, 444–445 Circus spp, 38, 47 Cape Town, Greater Cape Town, 443 Cities, 72, 125, 177, 178, 182–184, 187, 190, Cape Verde, 10, 244, 492 191, 211, 239, 391, 436 Capreolus capreolus, 254, 329 Citizen science, 390, 426 Captive breeding programme, 352, 359, Climate change, 96, 111, 141, 154, 304, 316, 360, 459 356, 382, 400, 420, 432, 438, 477, Capture-mark-recapture methods, 96 488–491 Carbamate, 230, 232–234, 236, 237, 241, 243, Clinical signs, 231, 238, 263 247, 437, 461 Clutch size, 70, 71, 74, 78, 179, 181, 182, 327, Carbamate pesticides, 237, 461 390 Carbaryl, 232 Coevolution, 155, 354 Carbbean region, 374 Cognition, 186 Carbofuran, 208, 232, 236, 243, 437, Collateral mortality, 461 461, 483 Collision Carcass contamination, 407 avian, 290, 309, 310 Carcass disposal, 481 power line, 273–297, 310 Carcasses, 162, 175, 190, 206, 207, 218, wind turbines, 464 230, 232, 237, 239, 241–244, 256, Collisions and electrocutions, 191, 296, 464–465 260, 264, 278, 279, 282, 283, 287, Collision with 289, 290, 311, 329, 358, 386, 407, windows, vehicles, 464 423, 425, 438, 457–463, 474, 479, wind turbine, 410, 464 481, 482 wind turbine blades, 305, 410 Carcass removal by vultures, 232, 237, 242 Colombia, 384, 386, 387 Carnivores, 34, 75, 81, 233, 243, 383, 438, Coloration, 50, 163, 165 461, 483 Color dimorphism, 350 Carotenoids, 42, 45–49 Columbia livia, 191 Carprofen, 460 Common vole, 199, 213 510 Word-Topics Index

Communal roost, 42, 54–55, 212, 283, D 306, 406 Dakar, 427, 444 Community-based conservation, 488, 491 Darién, 487, 488 Competitors, 39, 73, 184 Data deficient species, 410 Compound 10, 80, 483 Dating, 4, 163, 164, 172 Condition-dependent dispersal, 100 DDE, 207, 231, 232, 242, 244, 437 Conductor, 275, 277–279, 282, 286, 288, 290, DDT, 135, 208, 229, 231, 239, 244, 426, 437, 294, 308–310 442, 477, 478 Connectivity, 96, 98, 110–112, 353, 356 Deadend insulator, 287 Conservation Deceptive plumage signals, 52 management, 66, 463, 493 Deferred maturity, 96, 108, 110 plans, 350 Deforestation, 197–201, 204, 354, 382, 385, status, 72, 123, 198, 200, 201, 215, 218, 388, 390, 391, 408, 487 219, 349, 373–391, 396, 397, de la Fuente, Felix Rodríguez, 173 401–403, 420, 421, 428–432, 483 Delayed plumage maturation, 43, 45 technique, 326 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase tools, 465 (ALAD), 260 Conservation genetics, 111, 339–361 Demographic changes, 141 Conservation management, 66 Denmark, 234, 235 Conservation Reserve Program, 314 Denso Conservation, vultures, 458, 482, 493 dependent factors, 74 Contamination independent factors, 74 brominated, 231 Design, siting measures to reduce raptor fluorinated, 231 mortality, 288 Cooperative breeding, 39, 57, 75, 101 Detection dogs, 462 Coprophagy, 48 Diclofenac, 72, 105, 206, 208, 209, 230, Copulation patterns, 39–40 241, 242, 358, 407, 459–461, 476, Corporal growth, 79 481, 482 Cosmetic coloration, 49 Dieldrin, 231 Cost-effective method, 327 Difenacoum, 235 Courtship Digestion, 256 display, 35–38 Diploendosynzoochory, 146, 148, 149 feeding, 35, 37 Diploendozoochory, 146, 148 Coyote, 236 Direct effects, 305–309, 311–313, 316, Cranes, 10, 43, 50, 290, 465 404–406, 410 Crete, 232 Direct persecution, 71, 72, 203, 359, 381, 383 Critically endangered, 20, 21, 200–203, 207, Diseases, 130, 175, 184, 190, 191, 198, 237, 209, 218, 354, 355, 359, 375–377, 238, 251, 382, 388, 400, 409, 423, 379, 380, 389, 396, 398, 399, 402, 435, 458, 463, 473, 481, 491 403, 407, 429, 430, 447, 459, 461, Diseases and pests, control of, 458 464, 473, 475–477, 481, 483, 484, Dispersal, 19, 63, 66, 68–71, 82, 95–113, 486, 492 139–144, 146, 148–155, 183, 330, Critically endangered species, 376, 429, 351, 356, 396, 443, 479 473, 477 Dispersal kernel, 100 Critically endangered vulture species, 462 Dispersion Croatia, 161, 162, 232 juvenile, 81, 82 Crossarm, 274, 275, 278–280, 282–286 natal, 82 Cross-fostering, 83 Disturbance, 66, 67, 71, 72, 85, 102, 153, 185, Cryptic forest falcon, 10 186, 241, 309, 311, 312, 327, 328, Cryptic species, 29, 340 335, 356, 382–384, 388, 400, 405, Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea, 10, 377 410, 438, 439, 484 Cultural inspiration, 458 Diurnal birds of prey, 43, 137, 198, 201, 219, Cultural services, 465 373, 374 Czech Republic, 232 Divergence times, 12, 14 Word-Topics Index 511

Divorce, 47, 102 Endemism DNA fingerprinting, 40, 56, 341, 360 continental, 388–389 Dominican Republic, 274, 389, 484, 485 island, 388–389 Double Endozoochory, 146–148 Endozoochory, 140–142, 146–148 Drakensberg, 425 Energetic cost, 67, 130, 186, 463 Drone, 53, 295, 325–335 Energy infrastructure, 309, 437, 445, Dry forest, 201, 381 464–465 Durban, 440, 442 Energy intake, 79 Dynamic landscapes, 66, 331 Energy production, 307, 382, 400, 437 Energy sector collaborations, 420, 464 England, 233, 265 E Environmental contaminants, 232, 396, 397, Eagle electrocution, 273, 281, 282, 287 407–409, 461–462 Eagle feathers, 161, 163, 170 Environmental damage, 463 East Africa, 127, 274, 434, 443, 444, 482, 488 Environmental indicators, 66 Ecological dispersal, 95 Environmental parameters, 331 Ecological interactions, 67, 206 Epizoochory, 140–142, 144–145, 149, 150 Ecological traps, 66, 184 Equatorial areas, 33 Economic benefits, 465 Equatorial savanna, 422 Ecosystem functioning, 66, 150, 152 Eskom, national power provider, Ecosystem services, 162, 175, 218, 420, South Africa, 465 422–426, 445, 458, 459, 461 Espinal Ecosystem services by vultures, 422 biome, 382 Ecotourism, 488 ecoregion, 212 Effective dispersal, 111 forest, 390 Effective population size, 354, 491 Ethic guidelines, 333 Egg Ethiopia, 207, 243, 425, 443, 459 mass, 78 Eumelanin, 42 shell thinning, 231, 239 Eurasia, 162, 163, 172, 241, 421 unhatched, 217, 232 Europe Egyptians, 7, 39, 43, 44, 48–51, 55–57, 77, 78, central, 124, 161, 164, 215, 351 97, 161, 165–167, 184, 202, 209, northern, 231 243, 253, 264, 274, 354, 355, 399, southern, 198, 358 410, 430, 432, 437, 443, 446, 461, western, 128, 136, 173, 203, 211, 462, 464 231, 356 Electrical infrastructure, 465 European Chemical Agency (ECHA), 266 Electrocution European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), avian, 273–279, 286, 288, 296, 310, 385 266, 463 power line, 385 European Union, 241, 252, 266, 463 Electrocution risk, 191, 276–278, 281, 287, Evolutionary significant units (ESUs), 357 288, 328 Evolutionary strategies, 101 Elephant poaching, 438 Exotic prey, 125 Emberá, 487 Exploration, 186, 189, 190, 420 Endangered Exploratory movements, 106, 107, 111 populations, 339, 356 Extinct species, 218, 349, 359 raptor, 70, 84, 207, 218, 387, 398, 399, 407 Extra-pair feertilization, 40 species, 34, 210, 339, 359, 376, 406, 429, Extra-pair paternity (EPP), 351, 352 464, 473, 477, 479, 480, 490 Endangered Species Act, 480 Endangered Wildlife Trust, South Africa, 465 F Endemic, 56, 214, 355, 374, 375, 377, 378, Facultative, 104, 264, 386, 457, 461, 482 386, 388, 389, 396, 398–404, Facultative scavenger, 264, 386, 482 407–411, 419, 425, 452, 459, Falconidae, 5, 6, 10, 13, 39, 71, 82, 144, 147, 486, 492 203, 219 512 Word-Topics Index

Falconiformes, 3–30, 33, 35, 39, 44, 52, 57, tropical, 81, 198, 200, 201, 353, 375, 382, 124, 143, 162, 262, 289, 308, 376, 390, 395, 408, 409, 422, 444, 487, 492 396, 399, 400, 431 upper paranaense, 201 Falconry, 162, 171–175, 240, 333, 406 Forest-dwelling raptors, 72, 75, 383 Farm reservoirs, 437 For rangers, police, community, 462 Fat metabolism, 132 Fossil fuels, 303, 304, 308, 316 Feeding stations, 460, 463, 465, 481 Fragmentation, 64, 110, 111, 177, 201, 204, Feedlot, 205, 206 229, 253, 309, 352–354, 356, 359, Fenthion, 243 381–383, 405, 479, 486 Feral dog, 241, 244, 423, 458 Fragmented landscapes, 110, 112, 153 Ferrutail, 171 France, 124, 161, 162, 165, 199, 205, 232, Fetish, 462 235, 253, 274, 286, 458, 463 Finland, 232 western, 124, 199, 205 Fitness, 63, 68, 73, 74, 97, 101, 107–109, Frances’s sparrowhawk, 9 112, 148, 230, 233, 352–354, 357, Frugivory, 143, 149 360, 491 Fueling migration, 131–132 Fitness consequences, 108, 109, 112 Furadan, 461 Fixed-wing UAS, 326, 331, 334 Fynbos biome, 203, 442 Flagship species, 485 Fledging behavior, 81 G dependence, 57, 81 Game meat, 252, 255 phase, 81 Game species, 216, 264, 265, 461 Flight initiation distance (FID) Gasoline, 252 individual consistency in, 185 Gastro-intestinal tract, 239, 257, 261 variability in, 185 Gene flow, 95, 98, 111, 139, 153, 349, 353, Floaters, 69–71, 106, 108, 110, 351, 439 356, 360 Flocking, 54, 129–130, 310 Genetic dispersal, 95 Flunixin, 460 Genetic diversity, 20, 111, 201, 339, 345, 346, Flushing coloration, 48–49 349, 352–356, 358–362, 490 Food Genetic management, 351, 359 abundance, 81, 183, 482 Genetic structure, 24, 98, 111, 153, 353, 356 availability, 71, 104, 106, 125, 182, 198, Genomic approaches, 112 199, 204, 206, 207, 212, 213, 283, Geographic distribution, 20, 21, 28 315, 388 Geographic information systems, 66 reduction, 203 Geothermal energy, 441 resources, 70, 74, 108, 124, 178, 189, 214, Geothermal power station, 308 315, 436–438, 457, 458 Germany, 124, 161, 164, 168, 169, 236, 261, shortage, 70, 80, 101, 205 266, 274, 286, 296, 326 supply, 63, 70–71, 78, 105, 179, 440, Ghana, 425, 444, 459 479, 480 Gibraltar, 161, 162, 164 Food source, vultures, 386 Global climate, 304, 316, 490 Foraging area, 65, 66, 146 Global Raptor Data Bank, 490 Foraging behaviour, 206, 331 GPS-GSM collars, 331 Forensic analysis, 462 GPS logging devices, 329 Forensic research, 481 GPS monitoring, 326 Forest GPS satellite tags, GPS devices, 422 Atlantic, 200, 201 GPS-tagging, 112 Cerrado, 201 Gran Chaco, 201 Chiquitano, 201 Grasshoppers, 9, 237, 422, 424, 432, 436, 446 Mediterranean, 205 Grassland, 19, 179, 180, 197–199, 205, 206, 212, native, 197, 382, 383, 405 213, 283, 375, 380, 382, 395, 401, neotropical, 200 404, 405, 410, 439, 473, 486, 487 South American Gran Chaco, 201 plowing, 198 subtropical, 200, 201 Great Rift Valley, 440 Word-Topics Index 513

Greeks, 167 Health Greenland, 172, 232 humans, 252, 265, 266, 406, 423, 426, 427, Grey heron, 148, 234 461, 465, 473, 478 Grounded pole, 274, 275, 278, 279 policies, 458 Ground squirrel, 148, 150, 239, 489 Heavy metals, 230, 236, 241, 309, 397, Ground wire, 291, 294, 465 441, 462 Guadalquivir valley, 205 Herpetotheridae, 6, 10, 13 Guatemala, 391, 480, 491 Hexachlorobenzene, 231 Guilds of species, 457 Hexacopter, 332 Guinea-Bissau, 142, 444, 459 Histology, 262 Gyps, 7, 18, 54, 78, 126, 162, 166, 202, 206, Hittites, 167 209, 210, 232, 234, 237, 242, 264, Hobby, 11, 113, 446 283, 305, 315, 344, 358, 396, 399, Hokkaido, 239 406, 407, 423, 446, 447, 458–462, Home range, 65, 66, 82, 106–108, 153, 177, 477, 480, 481 179, 205, 213, 263, 326, 330, 396, 405, 408, 437, 439, 442–444 Homo sapiens, 162, 163, 171 H Horizontal winds, 126–128 Habitat Horus, 161, 165, 166 carrying capacity, 64, 67–69 House Sparrow, 125, 183 change, 72, 204, 215, 356, 383, 405 Human degradation, 106, 204 disturbs, 67, 72, 102, 185, 186, 356, destruction, 199, 200, 203, 219, 355, 389 383–384, 388, 438 fragmentation, 64, 111, 177, 229, 309, 353, health, 252, 265, 266, 406, 423, 426, 427, 356, 359, 381–383, 479 461, 465, 473, 478, 479 loss, 71, 198, 201, 204, 303, 305, 307–309, infrastructures, 204, 385 316, 373, 381, 419, 428, 438, 445, landscape, fear of, 218 465, 484, 486–488 persecution, 67, 69, 70, 125, 214, 383, 387, patches, 64, 99, 102, 314, 316 388, 396, 397, 408, 465, 475, 476, preferences, 66, 107, 390 484, 485, 491 quality, 63, 68, 69, 71, 101, 102, 107, population growth, 218, 374 205–207 pressure, 66, 204, 356, 373 requirement, 64, 81, 179, 216, 355, presure, 66, 204 373, 491 use, 49, 161, 460, 481 sensing, 330–331 Human consumption, vultures, 483 use, 64–66, 105, 263, 388, 439, 443 Human-predator conflict, human-wildlife Habitat Info, Inc., 490 conflict, 440 Habitat selection Human-use diclofenac, 460 breeding, 69, 184 Hunting, 35, 51, 57–58, 65, 67, 76, 79, 81, hunting, 67 133, 142, 152, 154, 162, 171, 173, nesting, 63–67 205, 207, 214, 215, 236, 237, Hacking, 57, 83, 84 252–256, 261, 264–266, 273, Hadada ibis, 440 280–283, 287–289, 305–309, Haliaeetus, 9, 46, 58, 78, 109, 126, 134, 314–316, 331, 334, 382–384, 388, 162, 164–166, 180, 190, 202, 203, 400, 438, 442, 444, 462, 479, 483, 231, 238, 256, 260, 264, 289, 311, 487, 488 327, 343, 344, 355, 401, 402, 437, Hybridization, 341, 346, 349, 446, 490 356–357 Harriers, 38, 39, 43, 47, 55, 56, 125, 131, 204, Hydroelectric energy, 308, 309 207, 208, 212, 235, 236, 407, 421, 422, 425, 437, 442 Harvesting of vultures, 438 I Hatching, 71, 76–78, 81, 181, 183, 184, 462 Ideal asynchronous, 81 despotic distribution (IDD), 73 Headdress, 163, 170 free distribution (IFD), 73 514 Word-Topics Index

Illegale Interspecific persecution, 374 behaviour, 67 poisoining, 374 interactions, 74–75, 306 Imitator goshawk, 9 territorial, 67 Important bird areas (IBAs), 216, 277, 426 Inter-specific interactions, 74–75, 102, 306 Inbreeding avoidance, 101, 352 Intestine, 256–258 Incubation, 77–78, 83, 332 Intoxication, 190, 233, 236, 252, 258, 261–265 Incubation period, 78 Intra-African migration, 422, 436 India, 55, 127, 172, 175, 209, 242, 274, 279, Intra-guild predation, 69, 74 398, 402, 403, 406, 407, 409, 423, Intrasexual competition hypothesis, 35 458–460, 464, 478, 480–482 Intratropical migration, 133–134 Indian Ocean, 127, 422, 431, 435 Invasive plants, 144, 145, 154–155 Indian spotted eagle, 8 Iran, 175, 241, 461 Indian subcontinent, 206, 209, 237, Iridescence, 43, 44 242, 402 Iron oxides, 44, 49, 50 Indian vulture, 7, 202, 399, 407 Irrigated crops, 199, 205, 211, 213, 216 Indigenous communities, 485–488 Island endemic forms, 492 Indirect effects, 305–309, 311–313, 316, Israel, 241, 274, 329 404–406, 410 Italy, 161, 162, 168, 233, 241, 274, 458 Individual quality, 36, 73–74, 103, 327, 332 IUCN, see International Union for Indonesia, 198, 397, 403–405 Conservation of Nature Industrial revolution, 177, 304 Ixobrychus exilis, 331 Industrial transformation, carcasses, 463 Infectious diseases, 175, 238, 423 Infrastructure, 190, 191, 204, 208–210, 273, J 303, 305, 309, 311, 312, 373, 384, Japan, 172, 239, 266, 397, 407 385, 391, 405, 410, 420, 437, 445, Jewelry, 161 464–465 Jordan, 140, 152, 153, 241 Ingestion, 48, 143, 146, 148, 232, 237, 239, Jumper wire, 277–280 244, 252, 256–259, 261, 264, 265, Juvenile dispersal, 81, 82, 95, 105, 106, 330 438, 458, 479 Ingestion of toxic veterinary pharmaceuticals, 458 K Insecticides, 230, 232–234, 238, 240, 241, Karoo biome, 442 244, 245, 387, 437 Kathmandu Summit, 482 cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide, Kazakhstan, 74, 201, 240, 241, 274, 282, 351, 241, 243 406, 410 Insulation, 49, 284–287, 313 Kenya, 242, 243, 420, 425, 427, 428, 436, 439, Intentional, of carnivores, 461 441, 458, 462, 486 Intentional poisoning, 230, 232, 233, 242, 461, Kestrels, 11, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 47, 52, 55, 462, 465, 482, 483 56, 58, 78, 104, 107, 109, 113, 125, Interactions, 51, 66, 67, 69, 73–75, 101, 144, 146, 148–151, 153, 154, 162, 102, 104, 105, 112, 149–153, 155, 166, 175, 179, 181–184, 191, 199, 184, 190, 206, 208, 219, 259, 273, 202, 204–206, 211–213, 216, 286, 305, 306, 332, 333, 423, 477, 232–235, 243, 258, 278, 279, 312, 488, 490 315, 327, 331, 333, 351, 353–356, Interbreed, 28, 171, 356 358, 424, 425, 431, 446 International Association for Falconry Ketoprofen, 242, 460 (IAF), 171 Kidney, 257–259, 261, 262, 264, 407, International initatives, collaboration, 411 476, 481 International Union for Conservation of Kinetics, 256–259 Nature (IUCN) King Etana, 167 red list, 20, 429, 432, 433, 447 Kin selection, 101 status designations, 21–23, 26, 27 Kittatinny Ridge, 129 Word-Topics Index 515

Knemidokoptes, 442 extensive, 201, 206 Korea, 172 farming Kruger National Park, 425, 426, 439 expansion, 198, 218 Kuna, 487 intensification, 198 KwaZulu Natal province, 243 intensive, 209 Kyrgyzstan, 240 husbandry, 206 management, 461 stabled, 206 L Local adaptation, 111, 352, 356 Lake Naivasha, 425, 427, 440–441, 486 Local communities, 425, 445, 465, 486 Land cover types, 398, 404 Locust, 243, 423, 424 Landscape genetics, 356 Logging, 137, 329, 330, 382, 383, 400 Landscape transformation, 218, 458 Long-distance dispersal, 69, 100, 152, 154 Land-uses, 64 Long-distance migratory species, 407 change, 381, 382, 396, 397, 405, 408 Long-distance seed dispersal (LDD), 141, types, 401, 404 152–154 Lanner, 11, 161, 165, 171, 232, 233, 315, Long-term research project, 391 424, 447 Long-term study, 55, 441–442, 487 Large eagles, 35, 58, 74, 81, 161, 167, 170, Los Haitises National Park, 485 200, 216, 217, 219, 383, 438–439 Laying, 37, 38, 40, 56, 74, 76, 77, 258, 442 Lead (Pb), 42, 110, 229, 230, 232, 235–237, M 241, 243, 244, 251–266, 312, 357, Macrohabitat, 66 359, 383, 387, 388, 397, 404, 438, Madagascar, 10, 53, 202, 203, 355, 388, 477, 439, 445, 462, 474, 479, 480 486–488, 490, 491, 493 absorption, 256–260, 267 Mad cow disease, 463 accumulation, 252, 258, 353 Magpie, 54, 233 acetate, 256–257 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), adverse health effects, 252 354, 362 clinical symptoms, 263–264 Malaria, 207, 229, 478 isotopes, 252 Malaysia, 403, 405 lead-based rifle bullets, 265–266 Mallorca, 233 lead-based shotgun pellets, 265 Maltese Falcon, 172 particles, 252, 253, 256, 257, 260, 264 Malvinas Islands, 388, 389 pellets, 255, 256, 479 Management poisoning, 232, 251–266, 359, 387, 407, activities, 85 462, 474, 479–480 decisions, 64, 358 toxicity, 259 forestry, 84 Learning, 124, 186, 189, 190, 334, 445, 487 plans, 4, 66, 358, 408, 488 Least bittern, 331 strategies, 238, 351, 409, 465 Least concern (LC), 20, 22, 23, 25–27, 206, strategy, 85, 352, 356, 361 209, 376, 379, 390, 396, 398, techniques, 83, 316 401–403, 430 tools, 66 Legislation, 207, 218, 266, 462, 463, 480 units (MUs), 357 Life history strategy (long life, slow Manipulation reproduction), vultures, 458, 465 brood, 83 LIFE projects, vulture conservation, 458, clutch, 83 482, 493 Marshland, 197, 199, 201, 203 Lifetime reproductive success (LRS), 109 plowing, 197, 198 Lily-Arison René de Roland, 493 Masai Mara, 428 Little bustard, 239 Mate-feeding, 37, 38 Liver, 257, 259–262, 264 Mate guarding, 39, 40 Livestock Mean nearest taxon distances (MNTD), 5, 24, carcasses, 358, 458, 460, 461, 481 26–28 516 Word-Topics Index

Mean pairwise distances (MPD), 5, 24, 26–28 Mortality, 70, 71, 81, 82, 97, 108, 109, 112, Melanesia, 170, 171, 175 136, 139, 184, 190, 191, 204, 207, Melanin, 44, 45, 49 210, 215, 232, 233, 235, 239, 240, Meloxicam, 407, 460, 461 244, 253, 256, 260, 264, 265, 273, Mephitis mephitis, 236 274, 279, 288, 291, 295, 303, 305, Mesolithic, 161, 164 307–311, 313, 325, 384–386, 390, Mesopotamia, 167–168, 172 439, 460, 461, 463–465, 478–484 Metal, 83, 96, 232, 236, 241, 251, 259, 274, raptor species, 70, 264 275, 278, 279, 284, 285, 410, 441 Muladares, 460 Metapopulation dynamics, 111 Multilocus, 18, 98, 360 Meteorological sensors, 326 Multirotor, 327, 329, 334 Mexico, 127, 179, 200, 214, 274, 312, 360, Museum samples, 348–350, 353 373, 374, 388, 480, 486, 491 Mustela erminea, 235 Meyer’s Goshawk, 9 Mustela nivalis, 235 Microphones, 326 Mutualisms, 140 Microsatellites, 98, 339–346, 349, 361–363 Myanmar, 403 Microscale level, 65 Microtus arvalis, 213 Microtus guentheri, 241 N Middle East, 132, 168, 171, 172, 240–242, Nabateans, 168 334, 397, 398, 443 Nairobi, 440 Migration Namibia, 243, 244, 422 long-distance, 125, 132, 375, 386, 406, 422 Napoleon, 168 short distance, 109, 134 Natal colony, 100 Mimicry, 52–53 Natal dispersal, 66, 69–70, 82, 95, 100, 109, 111 Mining, 240, 251, 260, 311, 312, 382, 400, Native Americans, 161, 170 420, 426 Neanderthals, 161–164 Mioneophron longirostris, 13 Nearest neighbor distance (NND), 184 Mites, 442 Near threatened, 20, 22, 23, 25–27, 201, 205, Mitigation, 284–288, 290, 293, 295, 296, 303, 207, 208, 216, 218, 219, 353, 312–314, 316, 437, 445 375–377, 379–382, 385, 386, 389, Mitigation measures, 191, 464 390, 396, 398, 400–404, 408–410, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), 345, 346, 349, 429, 430, 447, 458 357, 360 Near threatened species, 216, 219, 353, 390, Mitochondrial gene 398, 400–402, 404, 408–410 CO1, 12 Neolithic, 161, 164, 165, 172 Cytochrome b, 12 Neophobia, 189, 190 ND1, 12 Neotropical realm, 24, 373, 378, 379 ND2, 12 Neotropics, 374, 376, 379–381, 383–391, 484 Mixed reproductive strategy, 39, 55 Nepal, 403, 406, 407, 459, 460, 481, 482 Modelling, 66, 242, 264, 460 Nervous system, 257, 463 Molecular identification, 111, 351 “Nest decoration”, 54, 327, 332 Molecular interactions, 259 Nest-boxes, 67, 424, 443 Molecular markers, 339–341, 351, 353, Nest-guarding, 84 357, 362 Nestings, 35–37, 63–84, 133, 144, 151, 178–180, Mongolia, 172, 210, 239, 240, 274, 277, 278, 183, 190, 197, 205, 211, 273, 281, 406, 409, 410, 422 283, 284, 290, 307–309, 311, 312, Monitoring 314–316, 327, 328, 390, 426, 427, long-term, 66, 206, 234, 427 436, 438, 440, 442, 443, 480, 491 marked birds, 68 density, 397 Monocrotophos, 237, 386 Nestlings, 52, 53, 57, 71, 72, 75, 77–81, 83, Monogamy, 47, 55, 56, 75 171, 180, 182, 191, 233, 258, 335, Monte Desert biome, 381 424, 476 Morphological adaption, vultures, 457 development, 78–79, 327 Word-Topics Index 517

Nest ornamentation, 332 Old World vultures, 5, 47, 54, 78, 207, 218, Nest selection, 76 242, 264, 388, 457–466 Nest-sites Open nests, 327 availability, 68 Oral ingestion, 252 resources, 68 Organophosphate (OP) selection, 64 compound, 230 Nest-use, 64 Monocrotophos, 237, 386 Neutral wire, 276 Orkney Island, 55, 207 See also Shield wire; Static wire Overgrazing, 199, 204, 207, 441, 486 New guidelines, 463 New paradigms, 135, 137 New World vulture, 5, 7, 43, 46, 48, 55, 264, P 376, 386–388 Pakistan, 209, 242, 358, 397, 398, 406, 407, New Zealand, 11, 173, 238, 274 459, 460, 481, 482 Nigeria, 420, 422, 427, 444 Paleartic migratory raptors, 419 Nile Valley, 166 Paleolithic, 165, 170 Nocturnal flights, 329 Pampa, 199, 205, 206, 212, 237, 386, 387 Non-breeding habitat, 68 Panama, 126, 475, 484–488 Non-invasive sampling, 348–351 Pandionidae, 5, 7, 13, 147, 219, 376 Non-monophyly, 12, 14, 18, 19 Paraguay, 199, 201, 380, 382 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Parental care, 39, 75, 78–79 (NSAID), 459, 460 Parental nest defence, 327, 332 North America, 123, 125, 128, 129, 135, 136, Partial migration, 124 170, 173, 179, 213, 230, 236, 237, Passer domesticus, 125, 183 284, 286, 288, 325, 358, 386, 411, Patagonia, 373, 387 464, 478, 480 Pathology, 243, 259–262 Eastern, 128 Payload capacity, 326 Northern hemisphere, 21, 76, 127, 409 Pb, see Plumbum Norway, 231, 235, 241, 274 PCBs, 229, 231–234, 239, 426, 442 NSAID, see Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Pelecaniformes, 43 drug Pellets, ingestion, 146, 252, 256, 264, 479 Nuclear gene Perch discourager, 284, 286, 288 c-myc, 12 Peregrines, 11, 21, 33, 39, 55, 58, 74, 78–81, FGB intron-5 and-7, 12 83, 97, 111, 127, 130–132, 141, MB intron-2, 12 143, 165, 171, 174, 179, 231, 232, RAG1, 12 235, 264, 289, 311, 312, 315, 316, TGFb2 intron-5, 12 347, 352, 358, 391, 421, 424, 425, 427, 428, 432, 436, 443, 447, 473–481, 483–489, 491–494 O Pergamon Museum, 167, 168 Obligate cainists, 81 Pericarditis, 261 Obligate flocking, 129 Perlin, 171 Obligate natal disperser, 100 Persecution Obligate scavengers, 264, 386, 457, direct, 71, 72, 359, 381, 383 461, 465 human, 67, 69, 70, 125, 213, 383, 387, Obligate scavenger species, 457, 458 396, 397, 408, 465, 475, 476, 484, Occupancy rates, 68, 73 485, 490 Oceanic energy, 303 Pest control, 208 OCs, 208, 229, 232, 233, 241 Pesticide poisoning, 238, 244, 462 Ocupancy of the territory, 312 Pesticides Oil-palm banned, 437, 461 crops, 199 used, 204, 207–209, 230, 236, 436, 462, industrial, 199 477 industry, 200 Pest vole, 241 518 Word-Topics Index

Pet trade, 406 changes, 68 Pharmaceuticals, 199, 208, 219, 230, 237, 397, declines, vultures, 49, 72, 110, 162, 175, 460, 476, 477, 480–482 203, 212, 214, 239, 244, 274, 349, drug testing, 199, 219, 460, 477 353, 355, 388, 397, 406–409, 411, veterinary drugs, 209 428, 437, 458–460, 475, 477, Phase wire, 278, 279 480–484 Phenotype-dependent dispersal, 100, 108 divergence, 98 Pheomelanin, 42 ecology, 443, 473, 486, 487, 490 Philetairus socius, 443 floating, 69, 73, 110 Philippines, 200, 403, 404 genetic structure, 111, 353 Philopatry, 95, 101, 104, 355, 356 persistence, 63, 100, 305 Photo cameras, 326 size, 68–70, 110, 244, 351, 353, 354, 358, Phylogenetic 377, 378, 389, 390, 401, 425, 464, diversity, 4, 5, 20–28 491, 492 research, 492 study, monitoring, 240, 342, 420, 443, 459 taxonomy, 28 sustainable, 68 Phylogeny, 3–29 trend, 376–378, 389, 398, 401, 427, 429 Pica pica, 55, 233 viability, 96, 112, 386, 479 Pigment, 38, 42, 46–49, 251, 252 Porphyrin, 38, 42, 43, 45, 49, 260 Pika, 239 Post-fledging family area (PFA), 65 Mongolian pika, 239 Power-law function, 100 Pit trap, 170 Power lines Plane crash, 162 distribution, 275, 276, 289–291 Plant recruitment, 149–152 transmission, 288, 305, 306 Plumage Power pole, 273, 275, 281–283, 286, 287, 313 adult, 44, 45, 50, 67, 82 Predation juvenile, 42, 44, 45 pressure, 75, 182, 184, 186 Plumbum (Pb), 230, 232, 233, 236–239, 241, release, 184 243, 245, 251 Predator-prey interactions, 152, 333, 477 Poaching, 207, 243, 462 Predators Poisoned bait, 233, 235, 437, 438, 461 apex, 33, 74, 140, 153, 164, 175 Poisoned carcass recovery, 190, 244, 461 calls, 333 Poison response training, 462 meso, 74 Poisons/poisoning poisoning, 482 illegal use of, 230, 458 top, 74, 123, 141, 152, 153, 198, 229, 234, intentional and unintentional, 230, 232, 373, 383, 423, 445, 478, 489 233, 241, 242, 461, 462, 464, 465, Predatory behavior, 64 482, 483 Predatory bird monitoring scheme pesticides, 233, 424, 436, 462, 477, 481 (PBMS), 234 poisoned bait, 233, 235, 437, 438, 461 Presence/absence, 20, 21, 38, 41, 42, 45, 49, secondary poisoning, 190, 229, 232, 236, 51, 68, 69, 71, 76, 98, 101, 102, 243, 244, 387, 397, 424, 437, 443 110, 164, 178, 179, 200, 204, 208, Polar Raptor Data Bank (PRDB), 490 212, 214, 239, 257, 278–280, 308, Polar Regions, 175, 334 341, 384, 388, 424, 437, 458, 473, Pollution 475, 479 legacy pollutants, 229 Prestige oil tanker, 233 pollutants, 229–232, 239, 266, 426, 437, Prey 442 abundance, 64, 65, 283, 307, 397, 442 Polyandry, 56, 75, 443 accessibility, 66, 422 Polygyny, 39, 55–56, 75 availability, 66, 422 Population Procavia capensis, 440 breeding, 69–71, 73, 83, 106, 110, 211, Productivity, 68, 69, 74, 77, 80, 83, 84, 275, 351, 352, 386, 388, 409, 419, 179–182, 184, 312, 316, 326, 436, 482, 486, 490 439–442, 491 Word-Topics Index 519

Prosecution, 296, 462 Reintroduction, 57, 72, 111, 112, 214, 264, Prosecution of wildlife poisoners, 462 288, 350, 353, 357–359, 480 Protected areas, 66, 203, 207, 216, 240, Renal failure, 459 408, 420, 421, 427, 438, 439, 460, Renewable energy, 288, 303–316, 410, 437 486, 487 Reproductive parameters, 73, 180–182 Protecting human health, 266 Reproductive success, 63, 68, 73, 76, 83–84, Psittaciformes, 6, 33 109, 180–182, 232, 238, 397 Pterocliformes, 43 Resighting probabilities, 97 Pylon, line modifications, 465 Resources, 63, 64, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 81, 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, 111, 124, 178, 182, 185, 189, 190, 198, 204, Q 210, 229, 288, 305–308, 311, Quelea, 216, 243, 423, 424, 436 313–315, 330, 373, 382, 400, 404, colonies, 424 426, 436–438, 457, 458, 463, 465, control, 436 477, 485–488, 492 Quelea quelea, 216, 243, 424 Reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSD), 34–35 Road transect, 426 R Rock hyrax, 440 Rabbit, 142, 148, 150, 238, 255, 265, 482 Rock kestrel, 11, 243, 431 Rabies Rodenticides, 208, 213, 216, 230, 232, 233, by feral dogs, 241, 423, 458 235, 238–241, 243–245, 307, 397, transmission of, 458 424, 437 Radio-tracking, 98, 99 second generation anticoagulant Rain migrants, 134 rodenticides, 230, 232, 234–236 Rangifer tarandus, 311 Rodent pests, 67 Raptors Roe deer, 254, 329 biologist, 34, 53, 135, 420, 444–445, 493 Roman Empire, 161, 168, 251 conservation, 66, 123, 216, 240, 296, 408, Romans, 166–168, 172, 251 444, 445, 473–493 Roost, 42, 54, 55, 130, 142, 178, 237, 283, migration, 123–137, 291 306, 406, 427 populations, 63–65, 67, 69–72, 79, 83, 84, Roosting, 54–55, 64, 108, 199, 210–212, 273, 112, 135, 214, 229, 236, 238, 275, 310, 314, 315, 351, 386, 425 349, 350, 381, 397, 401, 405, 406, Rotary-wing UAS, 326 409, 410, 419, 421, 426, 438, 445, Royal symbols, 168–169 484 Rubber, 396, 405 species, 24, 28, 29, 39, 44, 54, 57, 64, Russia, 168, 238, 239, 274, 282, 296, 397, 66–74, 78, 81, 84, 85, 102, 103, 402, 403 107, 110, 112, 141, 144, 148, 151, 166, 179, 184, 185, 200, 204, 205, 207, 214, 218, 243, 264, 273, 275, S 280, 283, 291, 296, 328, 340, 343, Sage grouse, 331 345, 350, 374–377, 379, 382–387, Sagittariidae, 5, 7, 13, 147, 219, 374, 421 389–391, 396–403, 405, 406, Sahara, 420, 429, 430, 434, 436 408–411, 419–421, 423–425, 428, Sahel, 243, 436 431–435, 437, 444, 464, 465, 493 Saskatchewan, 125, 212 Recreational activities, 85, 311, 382 Satellite earth observation, 66 Recycling nutrients, 218, 458 Satellite tracking, 97–99, 123, 134–137 Red fox, 234, 236 Saudi Arabia, 240, 241 Redirection, 284, 287 Savannas, 19, 54, 201, 379–381, 383, 421, Red Sea Flyway, 443 422, 425, 436, 438 Regulation CE 1774/2002 restricting use of woodland, 203 animal by-products, 463 Saving Asia’s Vultres from Extinction Reindeer, 214, 311 (SAVE), 459 520 Word-Topics Index

Scavengers, 460, 464, 465 South Asia, 238–239, 395, 396, 459, 460, 476, facultative, 264, 386, 461, 482 481, 482 obligate, 264, 386, 457, 458, 461, 465 Southern African Birds Atlas Project, 426, 427 Scavenging species, 85, 162, 242 Southern hemisphere, 21, 33, 127, 173, 422 Scissor-tailed kite, 7 Soybean, 199, 201, 205, 206, 382 Scotland, 207, 233 Spain, 36, 38, 56, 73, 168, 172–174, 182, 199, Scrubland, 198, 201, 203, 213 205–207, 209, 213, 216, 232–235, Mediterranean, 205 241, 265, 274, 283, 286, 289, 296, Secondary poisoning, 190, 229, 232, 236, 243, 311, 458, 460–464 244, 387, 397, 424, 437, 443 southern, 174, 205, 462 Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides Spanish imperial eagle, 8, 57, 106, 111, 205, 264, (SGARs), 230, 232, 234–238, 240, 274, 282, 287, 296, 311, 353, 460 241, 243 Spatial distribution pattern, 67 Seed dispersal, 139–144, 146, 148–150, Spatial scales, 64–66, 68, 104, 110, 153, 374, 152–155 375, 489 Senegal, 427, 444 Species richness (SR), 5, 20–28, 333, Sensitivity maps, 464 376–379, 382, 389, 391, 396, 487 Separation, 69, 74, 77, 275, 279–281, Species status, 401, 492, 493 283–286, 309 Sperm competition, 39–42 Serendipity, 135, 137 Spiral vibration damper (SVD), 291 Settlement Starvation, 81, 109, 182, 239, 261 areas, 69–71, 82, 106, 108 Static wire, 291, 292, 294, 295 breeding site, 82 See also Neutral wire; Shield wire provisional, 82 Status signals, 163 Sexual dimorphism, 281 Steppe Sexual maturity, 82–83, 108, 386 Aragon, 211 SGARs, see Second-generation anticoagulant habitats, 201 rodenticides raptors, 201 Sheen feathers, 43–45 Stoat, 235 Shield wire, 290, 293, 310 Stochastic events, 70 See also Neutral wire; Static wire Stopover areas, 149 Shikra, 9, 422, 424, 432, 447 Strategic partnerships Shot gun, 239, 254–256, 265 with Endangered Wildlife Trust, 465 Shot gun pellets, 239, 265 with Eskom, 465 Shrublands, 375, 380, 381, 401, 404, 436 Strigiformes, 6, 289, 396, 399, 400 Siberia, 239, 278 Striped skunk, 236 Sibling aggression, 81 Strychnine, 230, 232, 233, 237, 243, 244, Sika deer, 239, 407 461, 483 Silver wings, 43 Sub-lethal exposure, 462 Site fidelity, 68, 69, 101, 351 Sudan, 274, 275, 422, 437 Small male hypothesis, 35 Sugarcane, 199, 424 Soberania National Park, 484 Sulawesi, 7, 8, 203 Sociable weaver, sociable weaver Super flocking species, 129 colonies, 443 Supermatrix, 12, 13, 18, 19, 28 Solar energy, 307, 308, 314, 410 Super-orbital salt glands, 132 Solution, 216, 257, 265–266, 290, 295, 304, Supplemental feeding, 84 314, 326, 330, 462, 465, 483, 491 Survival, 63, 68, 69, 71, 77, 83, 97, 108–110, Songbird surveys, 333 113, 136, 139, 149, 151, 152, 190, South Africa, 13, 173, 184, 203, 207, 209, 214, 199, 204, 214, 230, 241, 312, 316, 216, 242–244, 274, 422, 425–428, 354, 362, 385, 386, 396, 397, 404, 436–444, 461, 464, 465, 482, 493 420, 425, 438, 442, 443, 445, 459, South America, 19, 21, 28, 127, 134, 135, 155, 473, 484, 492 173, 187, 189, 198, 200, 201, 205, Survivorship, 397 206, 215, 236–238, 328, 353, 373, Susceptibility to diclofenac poisoning, 374, 378–381, 385–387, 389, 491 vultures, 459 Word-Topics Index 521

Suspension insulator, 286 Toxicity Swan flight diverter (SFD), 291 lethal, 244 Sweden, 231 sublethal, 237 Swedish Lapland coast, 232 Toxicology, 229–245 Switzerland, 232, 236, 458 Trade Symbolic behaviour, 162 belief-based trade, 444 Symbolic items, 161 meat trade, 444 Symbolic/religious value, 161 Training, 174, 288, 328, 333–335, 411, Sympatric species, 67 444–445, 462, 465, 477, 483, 485, Symptoms, 251, 252, 263–264 487, 493 Synthetic steroid hormones, 207 Transmission interconnection, 314, 316 Transmission line, 199, 275, 288–292, 306, 309–311, 314 T Treatment of livestock, 236 Tachyoryctes splendens, 441 Tropical eagles, 34 Tagged wildlife, 325 Tropical forest, 81, 198, 200, 201, 353, 375, Technology, 134–137, 339, 342, 346, 435, 382, 390, 395, 408, 409, 422, 444, 445, 487 487, 492 Temik, 461 Tropical rainforest, 379, 382 Temporary settlement areas, 70, 82, 106, 108 Trypanosomiasis, 229 Terrestrial thermals, 126, 127 Tunisia, 172 Territorial behaviour, 67 Tuva, 239 Territoriality, 43, 67–70 Two-strategies Hypothesis, 55 Territorial resident, 100 Territorial signalling, 41 Territory, 35, 40, 41, 44, 45, 50, 53, 64, 67–69, U 71, 73, 74, 76, 82, 98, 100, 104, UAS-based tracking system, 330 108, 287, 289, 316, 332, 359, 389, UK, see United Kingdom 396, 491 Umbrella species, 234, 396 Territory quality, 67 Undulating flights, 35, 45 Tetrax tetrax, 239 UNESCO, 171 Thailand, 403, 405 Uniparental, 77, 78 Thermal cameras, 329 United Kingdom (UK), 136, 165, 231–237, Thermals, 102, 126–127, 129–131, 305, 274, 426, 428 308, 440 United States (USA), 125–129, 134–136, 162, Threatened, 20–23, 25–27, 84, 112, 184, 201, 173, 190, 191, 198, 205, 206, 208, 205, 207, 208, 216, 218, 219, 239, 209, 236, 237, 260, 266, 273, 274, 264, 307, 330, 338, 339, 345, 351, 276, 280–282, 288, 296, 314, 357, 353, 354, 356, 359, 373–377, 359, 386, 387, 411, 426, 478, 479, 379–382, 384, 385, 389, 390, 483, 484, 486 396–398, 400–404, 408–410, 429, Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), 325 430, 443–445, 447, 458, 460, 462, Updrafts, 125–127, 129 463, 474–476, 479 Urban Threats, 20, 37, 72, 108, 111, 185, 190–191, adapters, 178, 179, 442 200–203, 208, 210, 215, 218, 219, avoiders, 178, 179 229, 233, 237, 238, 240, 241, 332, breeding, 36 335, 373–376, 380–385, 387–391, exploiters, 178 395–411, 420, 421, 428, 430, living, 177–191 435–438, 443–445, 458, 459, 462, tolerance, 178 464, 465, 479, 486, 488, 489, 492 Urbanization, urban systems, 177, 179–183, Tibet, 240 185, 383, 400, 423 Timber plantations, 72 Urbanized landscape, 179, 182 Topography, 66, 128 USA, see United States Tourism, nature-based-tourism, 425, 485 Used as poison, 216, 437, 483 522 Word-Topics Index

V Weather conditions, 63, 70, 79–80, 102, 105, Vegetation 132, 178, 310, 334, 335 cover, 66 West African floodplains, 436 structure, 64, 212, 383 Western Indian Ocean Islands, 431, 435 types, 64 Wetlands, 180, 182, 203, 204, 236, 256, Verreaux’s Eagle Risk Assessment 265, 330, 375, 380, 401, 404, 487, (VERA), 440 491, 493 Vervet monkeys, 440 Wetland transformation, 203 Veterinary drugs White storks, 327 ingestion of, 458 Wildlife crime, 474 toxic, 458 Wildlife investigation scheme (WIIS), 233 Veterinary pharmaceutical products, 208 Wildlife marking systems, 329 VHF radio tagging, 329 Wildlife population monitoring, 327–329 VHS radio-tracking, 326 Wildlife surveys, 328 Victoria Basin forest-savanna, 21 Wildlife tracking, 329–330 Video recordings, 326 Wind drift, 124, 128 Vinous-breasted sparrowhawk, 9 Wind energy, 305, 306, 308, 313, 410, 437, 464 Viscera, 256, 462 Wind farm guidelines, 464 Vole (European water vole), 36, 55, 109, 199, Wind resource areas, 305–308, 313 207, 213, 235, 241 Wind turbines Vulnerable blades, 305, 410 populations, 335 location, 437 species, 379, 420, 429, 477 wind farms, 305, 464 Vulpes vulpes, 234, 236 Wintering areas, 124, 132, 133, 407, 409 Vultures Wire marker collisions, 126, 289 active, 293 conservation, LIFE projects, 458, 482, 493 passive, 292 feeding stations, 460, 463, 481 Wolf, 388 harvested for, 462 Wood and non-timber crops, 400 intentional poisoning of, 461, 462 Wounaan, 487 mortality, 461, 480–482 Wound ballistics, 253 New world, 5–7, 43, 46, 54, 264, 376, Wound channel, 253 386–388 Old world, 5, 48, 55, 78, 207, 218, 242, 264, 388, 457–466 X pesticides, 243 Xinjiang, 240 poisoning, 462, 484 restaurants, 84, 208, 407, 423, 425, 426 Y Yellow-toothed mole-rat, 441 W Watchsites, 123, 126, 129, 135, 136 Water Z birds, 199, 479, 483 Zimbabwe, 420 reservoirs, 199, 204, 210 Zinc phosphide, 239, 243 tanks, 210 Zoochory, 141, 144 Waterfowl, 49, 236, 237, 256, 257, 265, 290 Zone-tailed hawk, 10, 53 Weasel, 235 Zoroastrians, 175