Land Use, Housing and Transport Plan 2019

Summary Report region is attracting new people and businesses. Both current and future residents need housing and services and businesses need premises to operate from. People want to travel smoothly from home to work and from school to leisure activities and to have easy access to services. It is estimated that in 2050, the region will be home to 2 million people. In order for business and industry to thrive and for people to have a smooth day-to-day life, the 14 municipalities in the Helsinki region have decided to join their forces to take charge of the future. Because land use, housing and transport are closely intertwined, the Helsinki region is developed through close cooperation. The recently completed Helsinki Region Land Use, Housing and Transport Plan, MAL 2019 is a result of this cooperation. The concrete measures set out in the plan are for a 2030 time frame. MAL 2019 is a road map for an attractive, healthy, low-emission and vibrant future for the Helsinki region.

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Land use: Transport: Maps, graphs: Cover photo: Mari Siivola Sini Puntanen HSL, HSY, Helsingin kaupunki, HSL mari.siivola@.fi [email protected] Liikennevirasto Layout and graphic design: This is a summary of the Housing: Photographs: Kokoro & Moi MAL 2019 Plan available in Mari Randell HSL/Lauri Eriksson Finnish online at hsl.fi/mal [email protected] MAL 2019 - a handbook for creating an excellent metropolis What? Why? How?

A strategic plan of the 14 The Helsinki region is growing. The development of the MAL municipalities in the Helsinki The region is now home to 1.5 2019 plan involved extensive region, which outlines how the million people; in 2050, the interaction between various Helsinki region is developed figure will be 2 million. People parties in the region. from 2019 to 2050. do not stop at municipal

boundaries: everyday activities, • In order for people to have a smooth day- Background MAL 2019 presents the desired future for the work and hobbies spread across to-day life now and in the coming decades, Helsinki region. It sets out goals as well as the 14 municipalities in the Helsinki region Regional land use, housing and transport concrete measures for achieving them. The system planning goes back a long time. the Helsinki region. have decided to join their forces to take The planning has also provided the start- plan is drawn up every four years. charge of the future. ing point for agreements between the region’s municipalities, the state and HSL • The objective is to make life in the region • The parts of the plan concerning land that set out the key measures relating to MAL 2019 is a road map for land use, housing and transport. In 2015, as smooth, sustainable, safe and healthy as use and housing were developed in the Helsinki region land use plan, housing possible. cooperation groups formed by the region’s strategy and transport system plan were • reducing traffic emissions in the region, municipalities, while Helsinki Region developed in close cooperation. • The growth in land use, housing and trans- • making residents’ day-to-day lives easy, Transport HSL was responsible for transport port in the region must be planned in such Now the cooperation has been further system planning. strengthened. The first MAL plan bringing • enabling people to find affordable housing a way as to enable both the current and together land use, housing and transport along good transport connections, future residents to live a good life also in the • During the course of the work, interaction was completed in 2019. future. sessions were held with state and regional • enabling accessibility to the labor force and experts, elected officials and representatives effective transportation to meet the needs • The region must be highly functional and of various organizations. of business and industry. meet the needs of residents as well as of business and industry. • Surveys and research were conducted to understand Helsinki region residents’ travel The plan tells • Greenhouse gas emissions must be effec- habits and needs. tively reduced in the growing region. There- • where housing will be built in the future, fore, the plan was given a tight constraint: • Impacts were assessed throughout the traffic emissions must be halved by 2030 planning process. The measures were • how transport and the transport system will compared to 2005. further refined following each impact be developed to best serve the needs of the assessment round. In this way, we were entire Helsinki region, able to identify the measures to effectively • how sufficient housing is provided for peo- achieve the goals set. ple in different life situations, while at the same time ensuring the quality of both housing and the living environment.

4 5 The planning area comprises In the Helsinki region: the 14 municipalities in the Now Helsinki region

Hyvinkää Mäntsälä Hyvinge million million

Pornainen 1,5 0,7 Borgnäs 1,500,000 700,000 Järvenpää inhabitants jobs Nurmijärvi Träskända

Tuusula Vihti Tusby Kerava Vichtis Kervo Sipoo Sibbo 2050 Vantaa Vanda

Espoo Esbo Helsinki Helsingfors Siuntio* Sjundeå

Kirkkonummi Kyrkslätt million

Kauniainen Grankulla Capital Kuuma Home to every 2,000,000 Networked region region third Finn inhabitants public transport

HSL area Helsinki Kirkkonummi Hyvinkää ««645,179 ««39,232 ««46,739 gg379,518 gg10,536 gg19,179

Espoo Kerava Mäntsälä ««279,529 ««35,635 ««20,777 gg116,246 gg12,101 gg6,055

Vantaa Sipoo Järvenpää ««223,600 ««20,299 ««42,656 gg109,779 gg5,532 gg12,238 million

Kauniainen Tuusula Pornainen ««9,602 ««38,650 ««5,120 gg2,371 gg14,105 gg1,048 1,050,000 5,7 million A strong * Siuntio is included in the transport system Siuntio* Vihti Nurmijärvi jobs daily journeys metropolis planning of MAL 2019 because it is HSL’s ««6,149 ««29,094 ««42,211 member municipality. Siuntio does not gg1,444 gg8,069 gg11,731 participate in the regional cooperation on land use and housing planning. ««Population ggJobs

6 7 Helsinki region – how are we Modal shares in the Helsinki region (Travel Surveys 2012 and 2018) living and traveling now? Modal shares for weekday journeys made by Helsinki region residents within the region (primary mode of transport). 3%

25% 40% The urban structure in the Helsinki region Some four million journeys are made in the is being made more compact. Housing has region every day. changed and is changing: 2012 • Commutes often cross municipal bounda- 8% • Urbanization in the region continues. ries. 24% • The number of small, non-subsidized apart- • People look for services also in the neigh- 1% ments has increased. boring municipalities. • Segregation by area in the region is rela- • The accessibility of sustainable modes of tively low. transport has improved in particular fol- lowing the completion of rail infrastructure projects such as the and the Sustainable modes of West Metro. 29% transport, • Car use is prevalent in particular in areas total: with low public transport access. 39% Shares in the housing stock in the Helsinki region: 57% 2018

By type of Capital region housing stock, 15% 9% 76% housing 31 Dec 2016

Capital region housing production 9% 14% 7% 79% 2010-2016

KUUMA housing stock, 46% 17% 37% 60% 22% 31 Dec 2016

KUUMA housing production 35% 15% 50% 2010-2016

Detached house Terraced or linked house Apartment block The share of sustainable modes of transport has By apartment Capital region housing stock, 18% 34% 24% 24% increased by size 31 Dec 2016 3% Capital region housing production 16% 38% 25% 21% 2010-2017

KUUMA housing stock, 10% 27% 23% 40% 31 Dec 2016

Studios Two-room Three-room 4+ rooms Car Public transport Cycling Walking Other apartments apartments

8 9 Vision Goals

The vision of the MAL 2019 plan is an attractive Helsinki region offering versatile housing options with district centers each with their distinctive characteristics where people travel on foot, by bike and by public transport. The vision translates into four key goals: low-emission, attractive, vibrant Low-emission Attractive and healthy. The region grows sustainably and emissions are An internationally connected region attracts effectively reduced. new businesses and residents.

The Helsinki region is devel- The growing region offers a The dense core area is sur- Vibrant Healthy oped as an attractive metro­ wide range of housing options. rounded by a network of politan area functioning as The transport system based district centers each with their Economic efficiency ensures the development A safe and healthy living environment enables an integrated whole. The on sustainable modes of trans- distinctive characteristics and and functioning of the region. everyone to lead an active everyday life. coherent urban structure of port improves the accessibility close-to-nature environment. the metropolitan area com- of the region and the com- bines multiple functions and is petitiveness of business and eco-efficient. industry.

10 11 The achievement of the four key goals of the MAL 2019 core indicators MAL 2019 plan is monitored through an ex- and target levels tensive assessment framework and seven core indicators. Target levels for 2030 were set for the indicators. The impacts of the plan were extensively assessed using a traffic model, spatial data analysis and expert evaluations. The key goals can be achieved by deploying all of the measures set out in the plan. The region grows sustainably and emissions are effectively reduced.

Greenhouse gas Labor force Differences Socio-economic At least 90% of The share of sus- At least 85% of emission from accessibility between areas efficiency at the new housing is tainable modes of the population traffic decrease improves at least decrease and system level located in the transport is at least is located in by 50% by 2030 10% from the social segregation (benefits/costs) is primary land- 70% sustainable against 2005 levels current level does not increase over 1 use development mobility zones (decisive target zones level)

Target -50% Target +10% The measures con- Target 1,0 Target 90% Target 70% Target 85% MAL 2019 -50% MAL 2019 +16% tribute to positive MAL 2019 1,5 MAL 2019 94% MAL 2019 65% MAL 2019 89% development

12 13 Key measures of the MAL 2019 plan:

Directing growth Development of transport Investments:: Public transport Cycling Road transport At least Growth in the region is directed to the existing struc- 90% Major investments are made in rail transport € billion € billion € billion of housing is located in the 3.3 0.3 0.3 ture and to areas that are competitive in terms of pub- and cycling, and road transport is developed primary development zones lic transport. with a focus on freight transport and public transport. • New land use is located in areas with good accessi- bility. • Infill development of the existing structure is ena- • Getting the most out of the current system • Share of cycling up through strong joint efforts bled. —— Small, cost-effective projects to improve • The quality of the living environment, including transport infrastructure (KUHA) enable —— Main cycling route network is developed green connections, is ensured. more effective use of the existing infra- by implementing key connections. A structure, improvement of the conditions four-year pilot program of quick walking • Areas around stations are developed through coop- for walking and cycling, reducing expo- and cycling experiments is implemented eration: the areas are made significantly more com- sure to traffic noise, improvement of the pact and state land ownership is reorganized. —— The use of electric bikes and city bikes is flow of heavy goods traffic and traffic promoted. safety. • Data is used to optimize the transport —— The railway system is developed by Housing construction system implementing the Espoo city rail link to Kauklahti, commuter train depots for the • New mobility services and technologies are Enough new housing is built and the quality of the living 16,500 deployed to support sustainable mobility. main line and coastal line, the Pisara Rail environment is ensured. apartments a year nd Loop and the Pasila-Riihimäki 2 phase. • Road transport network is developed with • 16,500 apartments are built every year; the • New networked transport links as enablers a focus on public transport and national municipalities and state ensure of sustainable growth freight transport. —— conditions for adequate housing production —— The light rail network in the region will be • Provisions are made for nationally important expanded by five new lines. rail links. When planning these, it must be —— the variety and quality of housing available by ensured that they are synchronized with the —— Kerava-Nikkilä rail line is opened to pas- means of land policy, town planning, plot transfers, region’s internal systems. loans and grants. senger services if the conditions are met. —— Road and intersection arrangements • Segregation is mitigated by balancing the management Read more about the MAL 2019 transport necessary for land use are implemented, and financing of housing. investment program on page 17. public transport nodes are improved, and —— Demolition and additional construction are enabled. Park & Ride facilities for cars and bicycles —— A positive discrimination program is created. are increased. • The energy efficiency of buildings is improved through state-subsidized renovations and, in case of new construction, through legislation.

14 15 MAL 2019 Transport investment program €340m/year If a project does not progress as MAL 2019 - Primary land use planned, it must not prevent the imple- Transport investments to be launched before 2030 mentation of the projects next in line. zones, housing production forecast and transport investments to be launched before 2030 2020-2023 2024-2027 2028-2031 P• Kerava-Nikkilä rail line opened for A• Espoo City Rail Link to Kauklahti passenger services (if land use B• Commuter train depot for the main line has developed as proposed and an E C• Commuter train depot for the coastal line agreement has been reached on the D• Pisara Rail Loop operating costs) E• Pasila-Riihimäki 2nd phase • Continuous train control system, at N least ERTMS level 2

F• Turnaround track in Matinkylä • Metro automation

G• Vihdintie light rail line J• Light rail line Mellunmäki-- Q• Tuusulanväylä light rail line Aviapolis-Airport R• Matinkylä-Suurpelto-Kera- K• Light rail line Viikki-Malmi Leppävaara light rail line B H• Kuninkaantammi intersection, and L• Transport links for new land use P upgrading of Hämeenlinnanväylä in Malmi and improvement of Lahdenväylä M• Ring Road I, Maarinsolmu and Hagalund tunnel • Ring Road III between Askisto and • Crosstown logistics connection: S I N S• National road 4, additional lanes Järvenpää main road 45 Koivukylänväylä-Kulomäentie • Heavy freight transport service areas O• National road 4, additional lanes O (two) Ring Road III Koivukylänväylä J I Ongoing Main Tram service Package of measures Traffic control on KUHA Program of measures H theme cycling development to improve noise main roads in the Helsinki €70 Program for Park & Ride packages m/year network program for Helsinki abatement region K G Q L A Need for funding R M in the 2020s €340m/year D

F Major • Pisara Rail Loop operations and track • Kerava-Nikkilä track plan • Overall planning of fast rail lines planning planning • Overall planning of fast rail lines sites C • Planning of the implementation of depots • Overall planning of East Metro Housing Housing Total housing • Updating the ERTMS plan production target production target production target • Rolling stock solutions (Ministry of Apartments/year 2020-2023 Transport and Communications zone traffic, KeNi) © Helsingin kaupunki SeutuCD�17 Pohjakartta: HSL Seudun kunnat, Aineistot: Juha Niemelä 29.3.2019 Toteutus: Espoo 3,300 13,200 • Pre-planning and overall planning of fast Helsinki 6,600 26,400 rail lines Kauniainen 80 320 Vantaa 2,640 10,560 Housing production forecast 2018-2029 (the size of • Planning of metro automation the circle corresponds to 3,500 apartments) Capital region 12,620 50,480 • Project planning of the Mellunmäki- • Project planning of the Primary land use development zone Hyvinkää 396 1,584 Tikkurila-Aviapolis-Airport light rail line Tuusulanväylä light rail line Projects approved/underway Järvenpää 566 2,264 Kerava 514 2,056 • Project planning of the Viikki-Malmi light • Project planning of the Matinkylä- Rail transport projects Kirkkonummi 434 1,736 rail line Suurpelto-Kera-Leppävaara light rail line Light rail line projects Mäntsälä 212 848 • Overall planning of other light rail lines Nurmijärvi 434 1,736 Road projects Pornainen 80 320 • Crosstown logistics connection: Overall • Ring Road IV overall planning • Ring Road IV road planning Railway Sipoo 434 1,736 and road planning of Järvenpää main Tuusula 462 1,848 road 45 Metro line Vihti 344 1,376 • Ring Road IV land reservation planning Highways and main roads KUUMA municipalities 3,876 15,504 Planning capacity must be ensured for all projects. In addition to I, and for the intersection of Ring Road I and Itäväylä. The track Other road network Region, total 16,496 65,984 the road projects necessary for land use included in the program, planning of the Kerava-Nikkilä line can also be carried out with A - S See page 17 it is possible to use other funding, e.g. for the Koivusaari inter- other funding. change on Länsiväylä, the Myllypuro interchange on Ring Road

16 17 Emission reduction potential of individual measures in 2030 (1,000 tons)

Reduction of traffic The plan reduces emissions greenhouse gas emis- sions from traffic by 50% Rapid increase in electric and low- 160 emission cars

Emissions are reduced by renewing the vehicle fleet and by implementing road pricing that Changes in CO2 emissions from reduces vehicle mileage traffic up to 2030

• The region and state will together develop and assess a viable road pricing system Emission level to create readiness to introduce road in 2005 pricing in the region. Surveys on optimal 2.32 million tons 60 Road charges models, impact assessments and necessary 2 500 000 t Changes up to legislation will be prepared first, before the present making any decisions. -19% • Parking policy steers people towards Changes with- out the planned sustainable mobility. 2 000 000 t Emission-neutral bus services in the measures 45 Helsinki region • The share of electric cars and low-emission -33% cars is increased, for example, by means of taxation and by ensuring that the charging Investment aid for heavy transport infrastructure is in place. 27 1 500 000 t technology • Bus services in the Helsinki region are Transport projects and concentrating rendered emission-neutral, and emissions 23 from heavy goods traffic are reduced. land use in key areas

1 000 000 t 17 Shared rides

16 Influencing employee parking and commuting -50% 15 Expansion of parking zones 500 000 t Measures in- 15 Environmental zone for heavy traffic in the city center cluded in the MAL 2019 plan 13 Cutting public transport ticket prices

Measures to reduce greenhouse gas 11 Regional cycling network, electric bikes and city bikes emissions from traffic in the Helsinki 0 6 Development of centers, stations and nodes region by 2030 2000 2015 2030 5 Increasing Park & Ride facilities

18 19 After 2030, high quality, sufficient Municipalities and the housing production is maintained state finance investments and low carbon development is continued

The target year of the MAL 2019 plan is 2050. Post-2030 transport projects identified Municipalities make major investments in the • Funding for the transport system amounted to 1.69 billion euros, of which 20% went into road maintenance, 36% into The key strengthening phenomena also affect- include: transport infrastructure, suitability of plots for investments and 44% into public transport services. Out of the ing the Helsinki region include climate change, construction and services, as well as subsidize total, municipalities paid 61% and the state 18%. Ticket revenue urbanization, ageing population, immigration, • New stations along the Ring Rail Line and Main Line regulated housing. covered 21% of the funding. digitalization, automatization and robotization. • Complementing the light rail line network • East Metro In 2017, municipalities and the state invested: The state’s participation in the cost-effective Four different future scenarios were developed • Airport Rail Link development of the transport system ensures • West Rail Line. to support long-term planning. They were used • €550m in housing infrastructure and housing production as the implementation of the projects. The rev- In terms of the street and road network, the focus will be on the well as maintenance of housing infrastructure (municipalities to identify measures that are recommended flow of public transport and freight transport as well as on ser- about €475m and the state about €75m). enue from the road charges proposed in the to be implemented regardless of the future vice-level targets. • The investments enabled housing production of about €4.5 plan will be allocated to infrastructure invest- scenario. billion in the region. ments and public transport. • The state subsidized housing in the Helsinki region: In addition, municipalities maintain and man- • Greenhouse gas emissions are further reduced from the 2030 –– by about €785m through housing allowances (mainly rental age the lower level road network. Municipali- levels. housing) ties’ investments in local streets have amount- • Land use is located sustainably in the primary development –– by about €1,100m through tax benefits (mainly owner- zones. occupied housing). ed to an average of some 200 million euros a • Zones linked to a new public transport investment can be used • Municipalities subsidize housing and housing production by year in 2008-2017. if a binding decision has been made on the public transport €40m through plot rents and sales. The proposed transport investments, sched- investment required. • The plan proposes energy and demolition allowances for uled for the 2020s as well transport invest- • Availability and quality of housing are ensured housing companies and financing a positive discrimination ments already approved, amount to an average • The transport system is developed to be increasingly based on program as new forms of state aid. sustainable modes of transport by creating a regional rail vision of about €470m a year. During the past 10 and its implementation path, as well as by integrating public years, the average has been €390m a year. transport with land use development.

Regional transport investments of the Municipalities’ share in the funding of regional transport invest- Annual investments in main roads state and municipalities 2000-2017 ments has increased during the past years.

M€ Share of investments, %

700 70% 0 100 200 300 400 500

600 60%

500 50% Average over the past 390 400 40% 10 years, € million/year

300 30%

200 20% Average investments in 100 10% the 2020s, € million/year 340 130

0 0% 2000 2005 2010 2015

Total investments Total municipal investments Average in Projects included in the Approved projects 2008-2017 plan in the 2020s Total state investments Long-term share of municipalities in investments Long-term share of the state in investments

20 21 MAL agreement to be signed between the state, municipalities and HSL

The measures included in the MAL 2019 plan In addition, important follow-up work to are due to be launched by 2030. An MAL promote the objectives of the regional land agreement 2020-2023, based on the plan, will use, housing and transport planning will be be concluded between the state, municipal- launched: ities in the region and HSL in 2019. The MAL plan and agreement will be integrated with the • Land use: Regional study on infill development of a national 12-year transport development system plan. • Housing: Positive discrimination program Decisions on land use and housing are made by the municipalities. Changes to land • Transport: Plan iterating the road charge use over the next ten years have been set out system and its impact assessment in municipal master plans, and local detailed plans to implement these are currently be- An annual meeting of the parties to the MAL ing drafted. Long-term land use solutions are agreement and the MAL Secretariat responsible outlined in the Uusimaa regional land use plan for its preparation will monitor the implemen- currently being drafted as well as in municipal tation of the plan. The identified environmental master plans also under preparation. impacts will be taken into account in the moni- Municipalities, the state and HSL are respon- toring of the plan. sible for the implementation and promotion The monitoring of the environmental im- of measures related to transport, each in their pacts is based on monitoring that is already own area of responsibility. The implementation being conducted in the region. of nearly all of the measures requires close co- operation between a number of parties.

22 9/2019