Grace in Practice
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Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees GRACE IN PRACTICE EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 1 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 2 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees GRACE IN PRACTICE A Theology of Everyday Life PAUL F. M. ZAHL William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K. EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 3 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees © 2007 Paul F. M. Zahl All rights reserved Published 2007 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 / P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K. Printed in the United States of America 1110090807 7654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zahl, Paul F. M. Grace in practice: a theology of everyday life / Paul F. M. Zahl. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8028-2897-2 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Grace (Theology) 2. Christian life. I. Title. BT761.3Z34 2007 234 — dc22 2006020128 www.eerdmans.com EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 4 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees This book is dedicated to The Reverend Willi and Mrs. Ruth Stewart, who live its theme EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 5 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 6 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees Contents Preface ix I. Grace in Theology 1 What Is Law? 1 What Is Grace? 35 What Is the Relation between Law and Grace? 78 II. The Four Pillars of a Theology of Grace 94 The Human Condition: Anthropology 94 The Old, Old Story: Soteriology 114 “What If God Was One of Us?”: Christology 124 The Being of God: Holy Spirit and Holy Trinity 127 III. Grace in Families 131 Grace in Singleness 132 Grace in Marriage 137 Grace with Children 163 Grace with Parents 176 Grace with Siblings 178 vii EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 7 Color profile: Disabled Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees CONTENTS IV. Grace in Society 187 Grace in Politics 187 Grace in War and Peace 199 Grace in Criminal Justice 203 Grace in Relation to Social Class 211 Grace at the Mall 219 V. Grace in the Church 225 Grace in Church Politics 225 Grace in the Pulpit 232 Grace in Pastoral Care 239 Grace in Prayer 248 VI. Grace in Everything 252 Grace as a Wall of Separation from the Church 252 Grace as a Wall of Separation from the World 255 Epilogue 258 Index of Proper Names 261 Index of Biblical References 264 viii 8 EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) pg cxs Tuesday, December 12, 2006 2:11:28 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees Preface The message of God’s grace, or one-way love, has captivated me for as long as I can remember. It saved my life during my early twenties, re- stored my marriage in my middle twenties, then created in me a father loved by my children. Grace remade my ministry and made possible my contact with sufferers as well as with prodigals. The message of grace has also proven to be provocative, especially in relation to other Christians. Sometimes I have been accused of being “long on grace but short on law.” In other words, some have feared that my emphasis on grace is tantamount to blessing sin. The traditional word for this accusation is “antinomianism,” or a teaching that is con- trary to the law. Christians who stress grace — unmerited acceptance — are often accused of being “antinomian.” It is almost a sure sign that you are preaching grace when people call you an antinomian. This book is my attempt, after thirty years of teaching and preaching the message of grace, to set it out systematically, and to do this in the face of the chronic criticism grace receives. I also attempt to connect grace to some contemporary issues in world society. How does grace work? That is the theme of this book. No apologies! One-way love is the heart of Christianity. It is what makes Christianity Christian. I hope that what you are about to read rep- resents the vox ipsissima Christianismi, the true voice of the Christian reli- gion, written without compromise or a form of words. ix EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 9 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees PREFACE Certain teachers have helped me understand grace conceptually. Certain others have helped me understand grace pastorally. The man who first taught me the meaning of grace was FitzSimons Allison, dur- ing his memorable classes of the late 1970s at Grace Church in New York City. My wife and I learned the gospel of grace from Fitz Allison. We learned that grace alone achieves what the law demands and that this is true in life as well as in theology. Later, Frank Lake, who died in 1982, helped me understand grace in relation to my own concrete sorrows and sins. Ernst Käsemann, from whom I had the chance to learn personally in the early 1990s, deepened my understanding of grace within the aca- demic field of New Testament theology. Jürgen Moltmann, my “doctor father” at Tübingen from 1991 to 1994, made sure that I struggled with the political and economic implications of grace. My wife, Mary,who was herself helped by Canon Anne Long’s views on Christian listening within the Church of England, has been the ear of grace to me for thirty-two years. Our sons, John, David, and Simeon, all of whom now serve in Christian ministry,have each deepened my experi- ence and my theology in relation to grace. They were my students but are now my teachers. Three other less longstanding influences have affected this book. One is my life among the Loyalist Protestants of Northern Ireland. These are an often misunderstood if not actually mistreated people. In particular, the “Sons of William” of Maghera, South Londonderry, have given me concrete lessons in what it costs to exercise grace in relation to others with whom you deeply disagree and who dislike you. A second in- fluence is the plays of Tyler Perry, the African American writer, which have opened up for me deep wells of grace in relation to the hurts of life as experienced, in deeply Christian ways, in Perry’s community. Third, the thwarted genius of Robert George “Joe” Meek, the English indepen- dent record producer who died in February 1967, functions as a vivid and living reproach to me of what can happen when grace is not offered to a sufferer. I wish I had been there to comfort Joe. Four of my students at Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry have been fruitful partners in conversation about the relation of Christ’s grace x EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 10 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees Preface to God’s law. They are Jady Koch, Nick Lannon, Kate Norris, and Jacob Smith. Simeon Zahl, doctoral candidate in systematic theology at Cam- bridge University; Burke Hilsabeck, doctoral candidate in English at the University of Chicago; and Dr. Dorothy Martyn, of Bethany, Connecti- cut, have aided me in the final editing of the manuscript. My assistant at Trinity School, Mrs. Maxine Moore, has helped me invaluably, and sacri- ficially, in the preparation of this book. To all of these, and most of all to Mary, my wife, I say, thank you. Ambridge, Pennsylvania Epiphany 2006 xi EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 11 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees EERDMANS -- Grace in Practice (Zahl) final text Tuesday, November 28, 2006 5:33:29 PM 12 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite 140 lpi at 45 degrees CHAPTER ONE Grace in Theology What Is Law? In life there are two governing principles that are at war with one other. The first is law; the second is grace. So powerful are these two principles, so virile and unquenchable, so captivating and irresistible, that all rela- tionships, all human operations, simply lie down before them. The law crushes the human spirit; grace lifts it. The story of the Bible is the story of this perpetual war between law and grace. Law comes in, as the apostle Paul puts it (Romans 7:21-23), and human beings become excited by it. They become excited to resist it. The law, which is any form of external command, provokes the opposite reac- tion from the one it is intended to provoke. Instead of inciting obedience or submission, it incites rebellion. It provokes revolutionary resentment. The Bible is the chronicle of God’s law in virulent antipathy with hu- man nature, and human nature in virulent antipathy to God’s law: con- flict, in other words.