Le Reti Della Diplomazia. Arte, Antiquaria E Politica Nella Corrispondenza Di Alessandro Albani Di Alessandro Albani Le Reti Della Diplomazia

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Le Reti Della Diplomazia. Arte, Antiquaria E Politica Nella Corrispondenza Di Alessandro Albani Di Alessandro Albani Le Reti Della Diplomazia Matteo Borchia 25 Le reti della diplomazia. Arte, antiquaria e politica nella corrispondenza di Alessandro Albani di Alessandro Albani Le reti della diplomazia. Arte, antiquaria e politica nella corrispondenza Arte, Provincia autonoma di Trento Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali Matteo Borchia Ufficio Beni Archivistici, librari e Archivio provinciale ARCHIVI DEL TRENTINO: FONTI, STRUMENTI DI RICERCA E STUDI 25 Collana di pubblicazioni a cura della Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali della Provincia autonoma di Trento Matteo Borchia LE RETI DELLA DIPLOMAZIA. ARTE, ANTIQUARIA E POLITICA NELLA CORRISPONDENZA DI ALESSANDRO ALBANI Provincia autonoma di Trento Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali Ufficio Beni archivistici, librari e Archivio provinciale 2019 Cura redazionale e grafica: Matteo Borchia Stampa: La Grafica S.r.l., Mori (TN) © Copyright Provincia autonoma di Trento, 2019 Tutti i diritti riservati BORCHIA, Matteo Le reti della diplomazia : arte, antiquaria e politica nella corrispondenza di Alessandro Albani / Matteo Borchia. – [Trento] : Provincia autonoma di Trento, Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali. Ufficio Beni archivistici, librari e Archivio provinciale, 2019. – X9,,, 4 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. – (Archivi del Trentino : fonti, strumenti di ricerca e studi ; 25) ISBN 978-88-7702-480-0 1. Albani, Alessandro - Attività diplomatica - Lettere e carteggi 940.253 092 In copertina: Lorenz Natter, Ritratto di Alessandro Albani, gemma intagliata, Leida, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Inv. GS-10347 SOMMARIO Presentazione VII Immagini IX Abbreviazioni XVII Introduzione 1 I. Il rapporto con Vienna e con i domini asburgici 7 I.1. Il ruolo di Albani come cardinale protettore e ambasciatore imperiale a Roma 8 I.2. Feste e cerimonie per la corte imperiale nella Roma settecentesca 36 I.3. Gli artisti nordici a Roma 43 I.4. I protetti del cardinale fuori di Roma 53 I.5. Opere d’arte e antichità tra Roma e Vienna 80 I.6. La cerchia albaniana nella corrispondenza diplomatica 88 I.7. Viaggiatori d’oltralpe a Roma 108 I.8. La Toscana lorenese nelle lettere di Albani 131 I.9. La Lombardia austriaca 163 I.10. 8QWHUULWRULRGLFRQ¿QHLO7UHQWLQRGL$OHVVDQGUR$OEDQL 174 II. L’attività diplomatica per i Savoia 181 II.1. Questioni letterarie e culturali con Torino 182 II.2. Acquisti di antichità e temi antiquari 191 II.3. Movimenti di artisti e opere tra Roma e Torino 201 III. I contatti con il mondo inglese 235 III.1. Diplomatici, spie e antiquari 236 III.2. Commerci di antichità e commissioni di opere d’arte 248 III.3. Albani e i viaggiatori inglesi in Italia 269 III.4. Artisti britannici a Roma 293 IV. Passioni e interessi di un porporato 313 IV.1. Abiti, cibi e vini nell’epistolario del cardinale 313 IV.2. Acquisti di antichità e temi antiquari 322 IV.3. Roma capitale delle arti 334 IV.4. Tra intellettuali e commerci librari 342 IV.5. La villa e le altre residenze del cardinale 356 IV.6. I rapporti con la Russia 368 IV.7. Alessandro Albani e la corte di Dresda 376 IV.8. Il mondo della musica 383 Indice dei nomi di luogo 390 Indice dei nomi di persona 394 PRESENTAZIONE L’Ufficio Beni archivistici, librari e Archivio provinciale della Soprintendenza per i Beni culturali della nostra amministrazione provinciale promuove la valorizzazione del patrimonio storico-documentario trentino affiancandola alle indispensabili attività di tutela e conservazione. Appunto allo scopo di approfondire lo studio e la conoscenza dei fondi archivistici conservati sul nostro territorio nacque nel 1999 la collana “Archivi del Trentino”, che offre inventari e studi monografici e miscellanei. Il corposo volume di Matteo Borchia, Le reti della diplomazia. Arte, antiquaria e politica nella corrispondenza di Alessandro Albani, si inserisce in questa tradizione e costituisce il venticinquesimo numero della serie. Il testo di Borchia è frutto di un’ampia ricerca svolta nel corso di molti anni in biblioteche trentine, italiane ed estere allo scopo di ricostruire la personalità del cardinale Alessandro Albani sul piano storico e culturale. Tra i pregi del volume vi è senza dubbio l’approfondimento storiografico del ruolo svolto dall’area trentina nel corso del XVIII secolo, snodo fondamentale per gli scambi culturali, politici, religiosi e artistici tra mondo tedesco e stati italiani. Lo sguardo multidisciplinare e la presentazione di inedite fonti documentarie consentono all’Autore di sottolineare tale importanza della nostra regione in una fase storica di grandi cambiamenti. Ne emergono molteplici e inaspettati aspetti di gran fascino che contribuiscono a inserire appieno il Trentino nel complesso panorama europeo del Settecento, partendo dalla figura di Alessandro Albani, nipote di un pontefice e personalità di prim’ordine all’interno del Sacro Collegio. È appunto la consultazione delle antiche fonti diplomatiche, diligentemente compiuta dall’Autore, a permettere di confermare, una volta di più, il ruolo di cerniera svolto dall’area alpina tra Sacro Romano Impero e Italia d’Antico Regime. Esprimo dunque il mio vivo compiacimento per la pubblicazione di quest’opera, formulando un sincero augurio che la sua lettura possa risultare per tutti piacevole e utile. Mirko Bisesti Assessore all’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca VII IMMAGINI Fig. 1. Hyacinthe de la Pegna, La Battaglia dell’Assietta. Incisione, 1754. Collezione privata. Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. IX LE RETI DELLA DIPLOMAZIA Fig. 2. Silvester Pomarede, Trionfo di Cristo (da Bonifacio de Pitati). Incisione, ca. 1745-1750 Londra, British Museum © British Museum, London. Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. X Immagini Fig. 3. Ignazio Collino, Lucio Papirio con la madre. Terracotta, 1754-1755. Collezione privata Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XI LE RETI DELLA DIPLOMAZIA Fig. 4. Ignazio Collino, 1LREHFRQLO¿JOLR. Terracotta, 1755-1757. Collezione privata Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XII Immagini Fig. 5. Anton Raphael Mengs, Scuola di Atene (da Raffaello). Olio su tela, 1752-1755 Londra, Victoria and Albert Museum © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XIII LE RETI DELLA DIPLOMAZIA Fig. 6. Thomas Patch, Gentiluomini inglesi in casa di Horace Mann. Olio su tela, ca. 1765 New Haven, Yale Center for British Art Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XIV Immagini Fig. 7. Marguerite Lecomte, Alessandro Albani. Incisione, 1764 Londra, British Museum © British Museum, London. Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XV LE RETI DELLA DIPLOMAZIA Fig. 8. Pompeo Batoni, 5LWUDWWRGHOFRQWH.LULOO*ULJRULHYLþ5D]XPRYVN\. Olio su tela, 1766 Collezione privata Sono vietate ulteriori riproduzioni o duplicazioni delle immagini con qualsiasi mezzo. XVI ABBREVIAZIONI Archivi e biblioteche AAV = Archivio Apostolico Vaticano AST = Archivio di Stato di Torino BAV = Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana BCT = Biblioteca comunale di Trento BIASA = Biblioteca dell’Istituto di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte, Roma BL = British Library, London ÖNB = Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien ÖStA = Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Wien HHStA = Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv KA = Rom Vatikan I, Korrespondenz Albani Libri e riviste AARA = “Atti dell’Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati” DBI = Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani DO = “Diario Ordinario” SSR = “Studi sul Settecento Romano” STSS = “Studi Trentini di Scienze Storiche” XVII INTRODUZIONE “Er ist der liebenswürdigste Mann, bey dem größten Talenten, den ich ken- ne; er hat drey und siebzig Jahre auf dem Nacken, aber er denkt als ein Mann von vierzig, und baut, als wenn er gewiß wäre, noch zwanzig Jahre zu Leben”1. Nel panorama romano del XVIII secolo Alessandro Albani (1692-1779) ap- partiene a quella ristretta rosa di porporati (che comprende figure del calibro di Be- nedetto Pamphili o Pietro Ottoboni) in grado di passare alla storia per i loro incom- parabili interessi artistici e culturali. Formatosi nel raffinato clima del classicismo arcadico promosso da suo zio papa Clemente XI, riuscì a personificarne tutte le ca- ratteristiche nel corso della sua lunga esistenza, spentasi solo nel dicembre del 1779. Alla sua età giovanile risalgono infatti la passione per le arti figurative e il loro valore sociale, per il significato educativo e morale dell’antichità e per le com- posizioni musicali, di cui fu uno dei più fervidi committenti nella Roma settecente- sca. Protettore di artisti e antiquari, collezionista senza eguali di opere antiche, sep- pe creare un monumento indelebile al proprio gusto nella celebre villa fatta edifica- re sulla Salaria che, seppur soggetta a spoliazioni e cambiamenti, sopravvive anco- ra oggi, nascosta tra i palazzi della Roma umbertina. Albani, tuttavia, non fu solo questo. Fu anche un abile uomo politico, un bi- bliofilo raffinato e un assiduo frequentatore delle stagioni teatrali romane. Ben si capisce come per molto tempo la sua persona abbia quasi incarnato il topos del porporato più attratto dai piaceri del mondo, che dai doveri impostigli in quanto principe della Chiesa2. Il suo animo di vorace collezionista, del resto, si sposava a uno stile di vita che tutte le fonti coeve descrivono come sfarzoso, degno di un principe e in alcuni momenti ben al di là delle proprie reali disponibilità economiche
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