NASA / SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM

2010-2011 SCHOLAR / FELLOW STUDENT JOURNAL

Students Representing Ohio Congressional Districts

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page(s) Student Listing ...... 2-4 Description of Fellowship and Scholarship Program ...... 5 Membership ...... 6 Ohio Congressional Map ...... 7 Scholar / Fellow College / University Page(s) Allen, Joshua E...... ...... 78 Allison, Jennifer E...... Lakeland Community College ...... 98 Ash, Stephanie D...... ...... 44 Balderson, Aaron M...... ...... 36 Barker, Sydney M...... ...... 66 Barnes, Caleb J...... ...... 18 Baylor, Brandon S...... Marietta College...... 37 Bendele, Dean T...... Marietta College...... 38 Bennett, Heather M...... University of Cincinnati ...... 116 Benton, Melissa R...... The ...... 62 Blake, Adam M...... Wright State University ...... 85 Bodnar, Karin L...... The ...... 54 Bradford, Robyn L...... ...... 24-25 Bridges, Royel S...... Wilberforce University...... 79 Brinson, Tanisha M...... Wilberforce University...... 80 Bryant, Rachel L...... Wright State University ...... 86 Carter, Jeffrey W...... Ohio Northern University...... 45 Chan, Catelyn H...... Cuyahoga Community College...... 94-95 Charvat, Robert C...... University of Cincinnati ...... 14 Cobb, Katherine M...... ...... 73 Coburn, Kimberly M...... The University of Toledo ...... 63 Cosby, Lauren E...... University of Dayton...... 74 Cross, Devin M...... The University of Akron...... 55 Croston, Michael E...... The University of Akron...... 56 Dandino, Charles M...... University of Cincinnati ...... 67 Daniels, Jesse E...... Central State University ...... 26 Dawson, Alexander J...... ...... 41 Day, Jason H...... The University of Toledo ...... 114 DeChellis, Danielle M...... Youngstown State University...... 120 Dehner, Gina M...... University of Cincinnati ...... 117 DiBenedetto, Joseph M...... ...... 50 Edwards, David M...... Ohio University...... 51 Edwards, Kristen D...... Central State University ...... 27 Flateau, Davin C...... University of Cincinnati ...... 68-69 Fleming, Michelle K...... Youngstown State University...... 90 Foster, Daniel R. E...... The ...... 8 Fries, Kaitlin M...... University of Dayton...... 75 Gambone, Thomas M., II ...... The University of Akron...... 57

2 Scholar / Fellow College / University Page(s) Gerlach, Adam R...... University of Cincinnati ...... 15 Grage, Danielle L...... University of Cincinnati ...... 70-71 Guzman, Nicole D...... The Ohio State University ...... 9-10 Hall, Pierre A...... The University of Akron...... 58 Haraway, Malcolm X...... Wilberforce University...... 81 Hoffman, James M...... University of Dayton...... 76 Hudak, Marguerite J...... The University of Akron...... 112 Hupp, Marsha E...... Marietta College...... 39 Hutchinson, Amanda E...... State University...... 105 Hyden, Kathryn R...... Youngstown State University...... 91 Iliff, Christopher J...... Ohio Northern University...... 111 Ismail, Tariq H...... Youngstown State University...... 121 Jenkins, Emma B...... The University of Akron...... 59 Jennings, Alan L...... University of Dayton...... 16 Johnson, Brooke R...... Youngstown State University...... 92 Johnson, Phillip E...... Cuyahoga Community College...... 96 Jones, Melissa A...... Wright State University ...... 87 Kecskemety, Krista M...... The Ohio State University ...... 11-12 King, Kari J...... University of Cincinnati ...... 118 Klepac, Katherine J...... Cleveland State University...... 106 La Croix, Daniel E...... ...... 20 Layton, Kara E...... Cedarville University ...... 102 Leake, Brandon J...... Wilberforce University...... 82 Less, James M...... The University of Toledo ...... 115 Long, Kerry M...... ...... 99 Lund, Elise J...... Marietta College...... 109 Mbalia, Kamau B...... Central State University ...... 28 McGee, Myron'Tyshan L...... Central State University ...... 29 Mendenhall, Leah R...... Marietta College...... 110 Miracle, Tanya L...... The University of Akron...... 60 Mitchener, Michelle M...... Cedarville University ...... 21 Morris, Nathaniel J...... Central State University ...... 30-31 Murray, Amy V...... Ohio Northern University...... 46 Newsom, Susan M...... Terra Community College ...... 101 Nguyen, Loc Phuoc ...... Wright State University ...... 88 Nyers, Rebecca G...... Cleveland State University...... 107 O'Connor. Thomas P...... Cedarville University ...... 22 Payne, Jillian M...... Cedarville University ...... 103 Phillips, Shannon L...... Cleveland State University...... 108 Piontkowski, Renée D...... Cuyahoga Community College...... 97 Post, Therese M...... University of Dayton...... 119 Ragan, William T...... Marietta College...... 40 Richards, Danielle N...... Wilberforce University...... 83 Rogers, David A...... Ohio Northern University...... 47 Rupp, Bradley B...... The University of Toledo ...... 64 Russell, Allison N...... Cedarville University ...... 104

3 Scholar / Fellow College / University Page(s) Scheidegger, Carré D...... Cleveland State University...... 32 Schmidt, Joel E...... University of Dayton...... 77 Seitz, Ciara C...... Cleveland State University...... 33 Sellar, Jessica L...... Miami University ...... 42 Shapiro, Daniel K...... Ohio University...... 52 Slattery, Christopher J...... Ohio Northern University...... 48 Smith, Bartina C...... University of Dayton...... 17 Smith, David M...... Columbus State Community College...... 93 Smith, Matthew G...... Ohio Northern University...... 49 Snyder, Zachary J. T...... Owens Community College ...... 100 Stokes, Aaron M...... Wright State University ...... 89 Studmire, Brittany M. M...... Cleveland State University...... 34 Studmire, Tyra P...... Cleveland State University...... 123 Sweeney, Kevin M...... Ohio University...... 53 Sylvester, Jorge A...... The University of Akron...... 61 Tillie, Charles F...... Cleveland State University...... 35 Tocchi, Zachary M...... The University of Akron...... 113 Wensing, Patrick M...... The Ohio State University ...... 13 Williams, Michael D...... Wilberforce University...... 84 Willingham, Rachael L...... The University of Toledo ...... 65 Wo, Chung Y...... Case Western Reserve University...... 19 Wolfarth, Ryan A...... Miami University ...... 43 Wukie, Nathan A...... University of Cincinnati ...... 72 Yeager, Tara N...... Youngstown State University...... 122 Yeh, Benjamin D...... Cedarville University ...... 23

4 FELLOWSHIP AND SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM

The Ohio Space Grant Consortium (OSGC), a member of the NASA National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, supports graduate fellowships and undergraduate scholarships for students studying in an Aerospace-related discipline. The awards are made to United States citizens, and since 1989, more than $4.1 million in financial support has been awarded to approximately 655 undergraduate scholars and 164 graduate fellows working toward degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines at OSGC member universities. The students are competitively selected from hundreds of applicants.

Matching funds are provided by the member universities, the Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), and private industry. Note that this year approximately $570,000 will be directed to scholarships and fellowships representing contributions from NASA, the Ohio Aerospace Institute, member universities, and industry.

By helping more students to graduate with STEM-related degrees, OSGC provides more qualified technical employees to industry. This will assist in alleviating current and predicted shortages of technical professionals. At the Doctoral level, students have a government co-advisor in addition to their faculty mentor, and spend time in residence at one of Ohio's two federal laboratories: John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field or the Air Force Research Laboratories at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The research conducted for the Master’s and Doctoral degrees must be of interest to NASA. A prime aspect of the scholarship program is the undergraduate research project that the student does under the mentorship of a faculty member. This research experience is effective in encouraging U. S. undergraduate students to attend graduate school in Engineering or the Sciences.

Affiliate Members Participating Universities Air Force Institute of Technology Marietta College The University of Akron Miami University Case Western Reserve University Youngstown State University Cedarville University Central State University Cleveland State University Community Colleges Cleveland State University Columbus State Community College University of Dayton Cuyahoga Community College Ohio Northern University Lakeland Community College The Ohio State University Lorain County Community College Ohio University Owens Community College The University of Toledo Terra Community College Wilberforce University Wright State University

Ohio Space Grant Consortium • 22800 Cedar Point Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44142

5 MEMBERSHIP

Management Dr. Gary L. Slater Dr. Gerald T. Noel, Sr. Director Associate Director Ohio Space Grant Consortium Ohio Space Grant Consortium University of Cincinnati Central State University

Ms. Laura A. Stacko Ms. Arela B. Leidy Program Manager Program Assistant Ohio Space Grant Consortium Ohio Space Grant Consortium

Member Institutions Participating Institutions Government Liaisons Dr. Jonathan T. Black Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas Ms. Darla J. Jones Air Force Institute of Technology Marietta College NASA Glenn Research Center

Dr. Jaikrishnan R. Kadambi Dr. Timothy Cameron Dr. M. David Kankam Case Western Reserve University Miami University NASA Glenn Research Center

Dr. Robert Chasnov, P. E. Dr. Hazel Marie Ms. Susan M. Kohler Cedarville University Youngstown State University NASA Glenn Research Center

Dr. Gerald T. Noel, Sr. Mr. Wayne Donaldson Central State University Community Colleges Professor Jeffery M. Woodson Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ms. Pamela C. Charity Columbus State Community College Cleveland State University Ms. Kathleen Levine Dr. Donna Moore-Ramsey Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Dr. Jed E. Marquart, P. E. Cuyahoga Community College Ohio Northern University Ms. Alice Fay Noble Dr. Frederick W. Law Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Dr. Füsun Özgüner Lakeland Community College The Ohio State University Ms. Kathleen Schweinfurth

Dr. George Pillainayagam Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Dr. Roger D. Radcliff Lorain County Ohio University Educational Liaisons Community College Mr. Constantine Regas Dr. Craig C. Menzemer Drake Planetarium The University of Akron Ms. Tamara Williams Owens Community College Dr. Gary L. Slater Ms. Pamela Bowers University of Cincinnati Dr. James Bighouse Drake Planetarium & Science Center Terra Community College Dr. John G. Weber Ms. Linda A. Neenan University of Dayton Industry Sponsors iSPACE, Inc. •ArcelorMittal Dr. Lesley M. Berhan •Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. Dr. Jay N. Reynolds The University of Toledo Cleveland State University •Etegent Technologies Dr. Edward Asikele •L-3 Cincinnati Electronics (CE) Wilberforce University •Sierra Lobo •Space Explorers, Inc. Dr. P. Ruby Mawasha •The TRW Foundation Wright State University •ZIN Technologies, Inc.

6 OHIO CONGRESSIONAL MAP

7 FELLOWS Status: Doctoral 2, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Thermo-Mechanical Processes of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Advisor(s): Dr. Suresh Babu Biography: I have always enjoyed Welding Engineering because of its interdisciplinary nature, combining aspects of Material Science, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Industrial Engineering to solve materials joining problems. I earned my undergraduate degree in Welding Engineering at The Ohio State University in 2007. During that time, I participated in several undergraduate research activities as a research associate in the Welding Engineering Department as part of the NSF sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), Ohio Science and Engineering Alliance (OSEA), and Summer Research Opportunities Program (SROP), researching macro and micro laser welding of polymer nanocomposites. These experiences cemented my interest in graduate level research and encouraged me to earn a Master's Degree in Welding Engineering investigating dissimilar resistance spot welding between nickel and super austenitic stainless steel alloys. My long-range goal is to be a professor at a major university. I would love the opportunity to continue my education, research new ideas, and teach the next generation. Therefore I chose to pursue my Ph.D. in Welding Engineering under the leadership of Dr. Suresh Babu investigating “Thermo-Mechanical Processes of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing.” Abstract: Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), also known as Ultrasonic Consolidation, is a new manufacturing process in which metallic parts are fabricated from metal foils. The process uses a rotating cylindrical sonotrode as an ultrasonic energy source to produce high frequency, low amplitude, mechanical vibrations in order to induce combined static and shear forces between 150µm thick metal foils. The large shear and normal forces are highly localized, breaking up any oxide films and surface contaminants on the material surface and allowing for intimate metal to metal contact. As the ultrasonic consolidation process progresses, the static and oscillating shear forces cause dynamic internal stresses at the faying surfaces, producing elastic-plastic deformation. The elastic-plastic deformation induces material flow and atomic diffusion across the interface, resulting in a completely solid state bond. This process is repeated, creating a layered manufacturing technique which continuously consolidates foil layers to previously deposited material. After every few foil layers, CNC contour milling is used to create the desired part profile with high dimensional accuracy and appropriate surface finishes. The intermitting CNC intervention permits complex internal channels, as well as embedding components such a microelectronics, optical fibers, reinforcement fibers and smart materials to construct a “Metal Matrix Composite” (MMC). This technology produces the world’s most accurate metal 3-D printer that allows for rapid prototyping, net shape parts production and MMC’s components such as solid state sensors-many of which could not be created other than with this technology. It is important to understand the thermal and mechanical processes during UAM, because these processes have a large impact on the final mechanical, thermal and metallurgical properties of the constructed component. High shearing forces during the UAM process cause part vibration along with frictional and hysteresis heating, all of which can affect the bond quality of subsequent and already deposited foil layers. Factors such as thermal cycle times and temperatures are also of immense importance because these factors can limit the type of components that can be embedded in the MMC as well as cause metallurgical changes such as grain growth, recrystallization and precipitation. Fundamental understanding of these thermo-mechanical processes will allow researchers to accurately model and link process parameters to in-situ processes to final part properties, so that the UAM technology can reach its true potential. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 15th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Stivers 52

8 Status: Doctoral 1, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Research Topic: Tumor Biomarkers

Advisor(s): Dr. Michael Paulaitis Biography: I am originally from Puebla, Mexico. I obtained a B.S. Degree in Chemical Engineering from the Institute of Superior Studies in Engineering (IESI) and a B.S. Degree in Biology at the University of the Americas-Puebla (UDLA-P). In 2002, I obtained a scholarship to spend a year abroad at the University of Leicester in the UK and subsequently spent two summers (2003 and 2004) working there as an undergraduate researcher. My undergraduate honors thesis was a compilation of the results obtained during my stay in the UK. Upon graduating from my undergraduate studies in 2006, I began my graduate studies at The Ohio State University in the fall of that same year. In 2010, I obtained the Distinguished Graduate Student Award from the College of Engineering at OSU. Currently, I am a fourth year Ph.D student in the lab of Professor Michael Paulaitis in the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of The Ohio State University.

Abstract: The development of minimally invasive clinical biomarkers for the detection and monitoring of human cancers would greatly reduce the worldwide health burden of this disease. To date, none of the biomarkers recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology can accurately predict the risk of breast cancer metastasis development or a response to advanced treatment. Consequently, factors such as disease-free interval, previous therapy, site of disease and number of metastatic sites are used to monitor the impact of treatment on patients with metastatic breast disease. Therefore, the development of clinically validated metastatic detection and prediction markers remains an unmet challenge. Currently, the search for easily accessible, sensitive and reliable biomarkers that can be sampled from body fluids such as serum or urine is ongoing. The successful development of the novel assay described in this proposal may have several advantages over current technologies used in clinical practice for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment of many human cancers.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression both at the transcriptional and translational levels and have been found to play a critical role in many homeostatic and pathological processes. Recent studies have systematically analyzed miR expression in cancer tumors and showed that these tumors exhibit distinct miR signatures compared to normal tissues. These discoveries have motivated efforts to device miR expression profiling technologies for the early diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment of many human cancers. Current technologies to isolate and analyze miRs are limited to tissue biopsies and include a myriad of assays which are time consuming, labor intensive, semi-quantitative and prohibitively expensive for routine clinical application. However, the breakthrough observations that miRs are found circulating within a multitude of physiological fluids, including serum, urine and saliva has bolstered studies which directly analyze miRs from these easily accessible biofluids.

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Congressional District(s): 15th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Stivers 53

9 Nicole D. Guzman (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) Extracellular miRs travel the body protected from degradation within cell secreted microvesicles that range in size between 40-1000 nanometers. Exosomes, a specific subpopulation of microvesicles, have been extensively studied and are known to contain miRs implicated in tumor development and progression. Consequently, isolating tumor- derived exosomes from the rest of the blood’s background will lead to the development of more robust assays for cancer blood-based biomarkers. In addition, the reliability of blood-based assays of miR signatures using well-characterized model systems, rather than tissue or blood samples, has yet to be validated.

My research focuses on the development of a novel assay capable of detecting cancer-specific miR signatures in the peripheral blood based on: (1) the isolation and characterization of miR-containing exosomes as a subpopulation of blood-borne microvesicles released by tumors, (2) the analysis of miR expression profiles as a function of the exosomes in which they originated, and (3) validation of the technology by carrying out a small feasibility trail analyzing metastatic breast cancer patient blood.

10 Status: Doctoral 3, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: Computational Wind Turbine Aeroelasticity

Advisor(s): Dr. Jack McNamara Biography: I attended The Ohio State University and graduated Summa Cum Laude in June 2006 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. While an undergraduate student, I had the opportunity to intern with Eaton Corporation holding a variety of assignments from developing a new mechanical part to working with the environmental, health, and safety group.

Following graduation, I entered a non-thesis masters program at The Ohio State University, with coursework focusing on fluid flows. I received my Master of Science Degree in June, 2007. After attaining my Master’s Degree, I began my Ph.D. Program in the field of Aeroelasticity. In addition to aeroelasticity research, I had the opportunity to participate in engineering education research at The Ohio State University with Dr. Kathy Harper. The research focused on improving instruction for problem solving methods and skills.

During my college education, I have had the opportunity to teach, both as an undergraduate and graduate teaching assistant for first year engineering students. Through this experience, as well as my research experience, I have worked toward my goal to enter academia upon completion of my Doctoral Degree.

Abstract: Wind turbines are currently a rapidly expanding form of renewable energy. However, there are numerous technological challenges that must be overcome before wind energy provides a significant amount of power in the United States. These challenges include improving the structural and aerodynamic modeling tools [1].

The need for improved modeling capabilities is emphasized by considering results of a recent blind study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [2]. Specifically, this study assessed the accuracy of nineteen different modeling tools relative to experimental measurements conducted in the NASA Ames wind tunnel. Wide variations in predictions were observed between the different codes, as well as between the codes and the experiment. One of the primary challenges in wind turbine design and analysis is accurately accounting for the wake [3].

This research represents an initial step towards including wake effects in wind turbine design and analysis codes. A free wake model is developed using a time-marching vortex line method, and subsequently verified and validated against existing results. Subsequently, comparisons are made between the developed free wake model and typical wind turbine aerodynamic modeling approaches such as Blade Element Momentum theory and dynamic inflow. In addition, a maximum difference of 45% in the cycle average of predicted lift is found between the free wake model and the Blade Element Momentum/dynamic inflow models. The free wake model will be incorporated into an open source wind turbine aeroelastic modeling code. Using this integrated code, the effect of including an advanced wake model on the aeroelastic response and performance of wind turbines is investigated.

Continued on the Next Page . . .

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 54

11 Krista M. Kecskemety (Continued)

References: 1. “20% Wind Energy by 2030”, U. S. Department of Energy, www.20percentwind.org 2. Simms, D., Schreck, S., Hand, M., and Fingersh, L.J., “NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment in the NASA- Ames Wind Tunnel: A Comparison of Predictions to Measurements,” NREL/TP-500-29494, June 2001. 3. Leishman, J., “Challenges in Modeling the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines,” 21st ASME Wind Energy Symposium and the 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV, January 2002.

Publications: 1. Kecskemety, K.M. and McNamara, J.J., “The Influence of Wake Effects and Inflow Turbulence on Wind Turbine Loads,” Submitted to the AIAA Journal November 2010. 2. Kecskemety, K.M. and McNamara, J.J., “Investigation into the Impact of Wake Effects on the Aeroelastic Response and Performance of Wind Turbines.,” Abstract accepted and to be presented at the 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, April 4-7, Denver, CO, 2011. 3. Kecskemety, K.M. and McNamara, J.J., “The Influence of Wake Effects and Inflow Turbulence on Wind Turbine st Loads,” 51 AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, April 12-15, Orlando, FL, AIAA-2010-2654, 2010. 4. Crowell, A.R., McNamara, J.J., Kecskemety, K.M., and Goerig, T.W., “A Reduced Order Aerothermodynamic Modeling Framework for Hypersonic Aerothermoelasticity,” 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Orlando, FL, AIAA Paper 2010-2969, 2010.

12 Status: Master's 2, Robotics, Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Topic: Dynamic Movements in Legged Locomotion

Advisor(s): Dr. David E. Orin Biography: I am currently a second year graduate student in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Ohio State University. I grew up in Wickliffe, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, where I attended Wickliffe High School. During high school I became interested in the field of robotics as I took part in various robotics competitions. The challenging experiences from these competitions motivated me to study Electrical and Computer Engineering in my undergraduate. I attended Ohio State and graduated Summa Cum Laude in June, 2009, with a Bachelor’s of Science. During my undergraduate I had the opportunity to be a teaching assistant for freshman engineering, a mentor for FIRST robotics, and a member of the Ohio State Marching Band. Inside the classroom, control systems courses fueled my interest in robotics. While biological control systems demonstrate impressive performance through a wide range of movements, the state-of- the-art in legged robotics is far behind the biological realm. I hope to make advances in the field of legged robotics through my ultimate completion of a PhD. My interests in this research area, combined with my interest in teaching, have influenced me to pursue a career in academia upon completion of my Ph.D. Abstract: Robotics has long played a pivotal role in space exploration, most notably in recent history with the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity. While these wheeled robots are easier to control than legged robots, they require a clear path for navigation. In contrast, legged robots require only discrete footholds for transportation and can navigate a wider variety of terrain conditions. Although the use of legged robots would provide a variety of advantages for space exploration, our current methods to control legged systems are far from robust. If legged robots are to be used reliably in unfamiliar environments, an ability to maintain their stability through a variety of motions needs to be further developed. The aim of my research is to develop high-performance legged locomotion in simulation through the use of intelligent control strategies that leverage our understanding of robot dynamics. My current research aims to develop a maximum- height jump controller for a five degree of freedom biped. Particle swarm optimization techniques have been employed to substantially increase the performance capabilities of the system. The initial success of this approach encourages its extension to a more complex legged system. I will use particle-swarm optimization to develop controllers for stable running, stopping, and turning with a humanoid robot. Insights gained from the development of these controllers will provide a better understanding of how to maintain legged systems’ dynamic stability through a wide range of motions. Publications: 1. MM. S. Hester, P. M. Wensing, J. P. Schmiedeler, and D. E. Orin, “Fuzzy Control of Vertical Jumping with a Planar Biped,” in Proc. of the ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, paper DETC2010-28857 (9 pages), August, 2010. 2. Y. Liu, P. M. Wensing, J. P. Schmiedeler, and D. E. Orin, “Fuzzy Controlled Hopping in a Biped Robot.” To appear in Proc. of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May, 2011. 3. P. M. Wensing, G. Bin Hammam, B. Dariush, and D. E. Orin, “Optimal Force Distribution for a Humanoid Robot.” Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Robotics, January, 2011.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 55

13 Status: Master's 1, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: SIERRA Project

Advisor(s): Dr. Kelly Cohen Biography: After Graduating with a Bachelor’s in Aerospace Engineering in 2010, Robert Charvat is continuing his education with a Master’s in Aerospace Engineering: Systems Engineering. His projected graduation date is December, 2011. Robert Charvat is from the Cleveland area; graduating from North Olmsted High School. During his time at the University of Cincinnati he has worked for GE Aviation, and has participated in several undergrad research projects in the areas of aerospace combustion, autonomous system development and design. This is his 3rd year working with Dr. Kelly Cohen. Abstract: The 2007 California Wild Fires and more recent disasters in Russia and Israel created a clear need for continued development for wild fire prevention, and for wild fire fighting technology. Stemming from research conducted during the 2008-2010 period the University of Cincinnati has been able to demonstrate that UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) systems have a great potential to assist in providing benefits in both ISR (Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance) roles, as well as capabilities which increase the safety and response time of current operational units. In an effort to promote UAV system technology transformation into the Emergency Response Community and to prevent disasters, the University of Cincinnati, Department of Aerospace Engineering has created the SIERRA Program (Surveillance for Intelligent Emergency Response Robotic Aircraft). The SIERRA program is focused on actively deploying currently available UAV systems with operational emergency response personnel to develop next generational techniques and technologies for their use in the emergency response. The team has currently developed a relationship with the West Virginia Department of Forestry in which during the spring 2011 period the team is planning to use the UAV system in a new manner to improve the LCES(Lookout, Communication, Escape Route, Safety Zone System) by providing improved ISR capabilities to the incident commander. At the Demonstration an area of approximately 80 acres will be set on fire in a 'controlled fire' manner in which the incident commander will have access to a live video feed from the UAV overhead. Using this video feed the incident commander will be able to have a better understanding of where his or her personnel are located, what the fire is doing, and the many other advantages that come with having an airborne platform. This added capability will not only provide a better understanding of the situation, it will also allow for more quicker operational pace because the incident commander will not be reliant on radio communications to understanding the situation. Additionally during the test the University of Cincinnati will be gathering data for developing a UAV test standard for ISR missions in this area by focusing on five key aspects of wild land fire fighting in which this device can assist with. These missions including pre-fire ISR, Tactical Planning ISR, Initial Burn and new fire ISR, and post burn ISR. Furthermore the team is developing software packages for improved ISR capabilities. By studying the performance of the UAV in these missions a clear picture can be provided of the benefit of implementing this type of program from both a safety, operational, and a financial perspective. It is expected that this program will lead the way for the future of tactical hand launched wild fire UAVs in the years to come, and will be able to deliver results in which both save money, time, and lives. This program is financially supported by the Ohio Space Grant Consortium and the University of Cincinnati. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 75

14 Status: Doctoral 1, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: Performance Enhancements of the Spin-Image Pose Estimation Algorithm

Advisor(s): Dr. Bruce K. Walker Biography: My interests in engineering were developed at a very young age. My father owned a machine shop that did high production machining for the automotive industry along with custom tool and die development. I spent countless hours watching him solve real-world engineering problems. When it came time for me to make decisions on pursuing a college education, I decided that I wanted to work at the cutting edge of technology and thought a degree in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati was the best avenue to reach that goal.

While an undergraduate student at the University of Cincinnati, I completed the cooperative education program by working as a spacecraft propulsion engineer at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington DC. At the NRL, I had the unique opportunity to contribute to the design, development, analysis, build, test, and flight operations of the propulsion system of a new experimental upper stage for the MiTEx program. As a senior, three fellow classmates and I were selected by NASA to perform an autonomous rendezvous and capture robotics experiment (Optical Network for -gravity Rendezvous of Independent Systems, ON RIS) on NASA’s ‘Weightless Wonder’ (aka the ‘Vomit Comet’) as part of the NASA Microgravity University Program. The work performed on that experiment has fueled my interests in my current graduate research at the University of Cincinnati

Abstract: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is currently developing a new class of servicer spacecraft to perform autonomous rendezvous and docking of target spacecraft. These spacecraft are characterized by heightened levels of autonomy in both orbital and close proximity maneuvering, and by unparalleled situational awareness through the use of 3D vision and real-time pose estimation. To be successful, these spacecraft require technical advances in path planning, compliance control, machine vision, and real-time pose estimation. The spin-image pose estimation algorithm, along with recent performance enhancements introduced by Gerlach, has been shown as a robust method for real-time pose estimation. Unfortunately, the spin-image algorithm is limited to only estimating the pose of rigid bodies. The proposed research is to extend a variation of the spin-image algorithm called the c*- image algorithm introduced by Gerlach towards novel approaches for real-time pose estimation of articulated bodies. Such capabilities are required for estimating pose of spacecraft with articulating surfaces such as solar panels, individual joint angle pose of robotic manipulators, or even 3D medical image registration.

Publications: 1. Gerlach A., Walker, B. Accelerating robust 3D pose estimation utilizing a graphics processing unit, Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXVII: Algorithms and Techniques, January, 2011, San Francisco. 2. Gerlach A., Performance Enhancements of the Spin-Image Pose Estimation Algorithm. University of Cincinnati, Masters Thesis, March, 2010. 3. Netwall, C., Osborn, M., Clauss, C., Gerlach, A. Transient Pressure Analysis and Verification Testing for the Micro- Satellite Technology Experiment Upper Stage Propulsion System. AIAA-2007-5523, 43rd Joint Propulsion Conf., July, 2007.

Congressional District(s): 2nd Congressional Representative(s): Jean Schmidt 80

15 Status: Doctoral 2, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Developmental Learning Applied to Autonomous Robotics

Advisor(s): Dr. Raúl Ordóñez Biography: Originally from the East suburbs of Cleveland, I was attracted to the University of Akron for their performance in engineering competitions. I captained the SAE aero design team; co-op’ed at ERICO in Solon, OH; and researched at Western Michigan University. These experiences developed professionalism, hands-on skills and analytical skills. In Akron; my sweetheart, Karen, and I met and married. The Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) recruited me to going to graduate school at the University of Dayton. I now hold both mechanical and electrical engineering degrees. I also assist the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in developing tracking sensors and predicting how flexible structures will unfold. For recreation I play table tennis, soccer and chase my active daughter, Nicole. Abstract: People have been amazed over machines from before the age of Archimedes. Machines have revolutionized and formed the modern industrial world. The very term `mechanical’ however describes the inflexibility of machines to adapt and learn. Computers are now reforming the world. One goal is to create autonomous and adaptive robots; however these often fail to seem intelligent due to mechanized approaches which require an expert to program a specific task. When faced with a novel situation, the same method is blindly applied over and over again. I am proposing a fundamentally different method of motion learning for incremental, but continually, development inspired by the human development cycle. Rather than learn in one step, I am building a framework using the same autonomous learning to go from a beginner to novice as from an expert to master by increasing resolution. An expert pianist, tenor or player has the ability to adapt in sublime ways unknowable without extensive practice. By building an analytical framework that scales learning in resolution, robots will not be bounded by the designer’s understanding; especially for unknown environments, such as: Mars, asteroids, gaseous planets comets, or solar sailing. Supported Publications: 1. Jennings, R. Ordóñez, “Fuzzy System for Confident Input-Output Approximation for Near Optimal Trajectory Generation” under review for American Control Conference 2010. 2. Alan Jennings, R. Ordóñez, F. Harmon, “Constrained Near-Optimal Control Using a Numerical Kinetic Solver” under review for Computer Aided Control System Design Conference 2010. Other Publications: 1. J. Simpkins, R. Sollars, A. Jennings, C. Allen, J.T. Black, “Calibration and Performance of Laser Steering System for Dynamic In-Flight Tracking and Measurement,” Proc. of SPIE, Volume 7292, 2009. 2. J. Simpkins, R. Sollars, A. Jennings, C. Allen and J. Black, “Dynamic Performance of Vibrometer Steering System for Dynamic In-Fight Tracking and Measurement” AIAA Structural Dynamics & Monitoring, Gossamer Spacecraft Form, 2009. 3. A. L. Jennings, R. Ordóñez, N. Ceccarelli, “Dynamic Programming Applied to UAV Way Point Path Planning in Wind”, 2008 IEEE Int. Symp. on Computer-Aided Control System Design, pages 215-220, 2008. 4. A. L. Jennings, R. Ordóñez, N. Ceccarelli, “An Ant Colony Optimization Using Training Data Applied to UAV Way Point Path Planning in Wind” IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, 2008.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 87

16 Status: Master's 1, Civil Engineering Research Topic: Removal of a Bittering Agent Potentially Released to Water Supplies: Implications for Drinking Water Treatment

Advisor(s): Kenya Crosson, Ph.D. Biography: I am a Civil Engineering Master’s student at the University of Dayton with an environmental focus. I graduated from Central State University in 2009 with a B.S. Degree in Water Resources Management. I am a native of Cincinnati, Ohio. Upon graduating the University of Dayton I plan to land a position within an engineering firm to gain all the skills and knowledge I need to improve quality of water overseas in poverty stricken countries. It has always been a passion of mine to use my knowledge and skills to give back to those in need. Abstract: The "Antifreeze Bittering Act of 2009" (H.R. 615) was introduced to the U. S. House of Representatives on January 21, 2009, and it mandates the addition of 30-50 mg/L denatonium benzoate, a bittering agent, to antifreeze and engine coolant. At 1-10 mg/L, denatonium benzoate's bitter taste can be detected, and water with 30-100 mg/L denatonium benzoate (DB) is unpalatable. This project addresses concerns related to the potential release of DB to water supplies, by determining if powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment, a common method employed to remove taste and odor contaminants from water, is suitable for DB removal. Results herein indicated that PAC removed low concentrations of DB best at the 24 hour contact time and higher PAC doses. At a higher DB concentration, less DB removal by PAC was achieved. A bituminous-based carbon performed slightly better than a lignite-based carbon under all conditions.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 1st Congressional Representative(s): Steve Chabot 90

17 Status: Master's 2, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: A High-Resolution Method for the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Advisor(s): George Huang, Ph.D., Joseph Shang, Ph.D. Biography: I am currently a second year Master’s student in Mechanical Engineering at Wright State University. Growing up in rural Northwest Ohio I developed a fascination for farm equipment and anything that flew early in my life. It followed naturally for me to pursue my chosen career path. Since beginning my undergraduate studies at Wright State University I have enjoyed several exciting opportunities related to my field of study. Beginning in my sophomore year I worked as co-op at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In my time there I gained much practical hands-on experience with electrical equipment/components and modeling/simulation. I have also had the opportunity to study abroad in Taiwan for a summer doing research on the molding of fuel cell bipolar plates at Chun Yuan Christian University. I have also had the pleasure of being both a junior and senior OSGC scholar in previous years and am honored to continue participation with this organization. For my Master’s program I will be studying and developing CFD code including a high-resolution spectral method. I plan to pursue a Ph.D. upon completion of my Master’s Program.

Abstract: A high-resolution numerical simulation procedure to model steep gradient regimes such as shock jumps and flame fronts was investigated for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A spectral difference method has been previously developed with adaptive polynomials to capture discontinuities in systems. The method applies high-degree polynomials within each cell using a Gauss-Lobbato/Gauss-Radau mesh refinement. The Gauss-Lobbato points are advantageous for two reasons. First, it reduces Gibbs phenomena at the cell edge and secondly, it places node points directly at the cell interface forcing allowing the normal components of the flux vectors to be matched. This method was previously limited to scalar equations, but has now been further developed for applications requiring a system of equations such as the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The expanded method was designed to be computationally stable, accurate, and capable of resolving fluid mechanics problems with a high level of resolution. The method expanded for the Navier-Stokes equation was developed with a focus on the inviscid limitation of these equations which is the most difficult to solve. This method utilizes polynomial refinement and an artificial diffusion term tailored for the Navier-Stokes equations was designed and implemented. The broader impact of this research is to improve the understanding of spectral methods and to improve simulation capability of fluid dynamics problems.ethods and to expand applicability of simulation capability to shock structure and combustion flame front problems.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 98

18 SCHOLARS Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Wind Measurement Applied to Urban Wind Farming

Advisor(s): Dr. J. Iwan Alexander Biography: CY is from Cherry Hill, New Jersey. He has been attending Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, since August, 2006, and will graduate with BS in Mechanical Engineering in May, 2011. He is currently in the BS/MS program and is expected to receive a Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering in May 2012. His work experience includes two co-op tours with General Electric Aviation in the Manufacturing Processes and the Military HPT Stress Analysis/Life Management group. Other on campus activities and hobbies include power lifting and kung fu.

Abstract: The goal of this project is to determine the reliability of wind data collected over a period of time, and the implications of the data with regard to placing Wind Turbines near or in an urban setting. Typically Wind Turbines are placed in open fields or off shore locations, with minimal wind disturbances due to the presence of buildings or, consequently, the published performance data (such as the power curve) is based entirely on "optimal" results of Wind Turbines found in open fields or off shore locations. By gathering wind data using anemometers and a LiDAR system, as well as collecting power production data from an on-campus Wind Turbine, the Wind Turbine Power Curve can be measured and compared to the Standard power curve for that type of turbine and the effects of wind modification due to buildings (for example, turbulence intensity etc.,) can be determined. Of particular interest is to investigate the degree to which the non-Gaussian nature of wind distributions may affect turbine behaviors and performance.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 1

19 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: The Creation of a Web-based Steel and Aluminum Microstructure and Properties Library

Advisor(s): Dr. Timothy Dewhurst Biography: : I am currently a Senior at Cedarville University pursuing a B.A. in Mechanical Engineering and minors in Bible and Mathematics. I grew up in a Christian in southern Maine with wonderful, loving parents who have always cared greatly for me and my well-being. I am the oldest of five children with three brothers and one sister. From kindergarten through twelfth grade I attended a small Christian school called Southeastern New Hampshire Christian Academy (SENHCA). I graduated high school as valedictorian of my class in 2007 and began attending Cedarville University in the fall of that year. During my time at Cedarville University I have been infused with the concepts of engineering while gaining a greater appreciation for this discipline. I spent the past two summers participating in an internship program at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, one of the four government-owned shipyards in the United States which overhauls and repairs nuclear submarines for the Navy. The shipyard extended me a job offer in November of last year to work full-time once I graduate, and I accepted it. I am looking forward to applying the engineering knowledge which I have obtained during my time at Cedarville University to enable the United States Navy to continue to protect our country through the use of submarines. Even though I have accepted a full-time position, I still have an aspiration to further my education by attending graduate school early in my career.

Abstract: My research project consists of creating a web-based library for mechanical properties of heat treated steel and aluminum alloys. The library will be composed of data obtained from the capstone heat treatment project for the Properties of Materials course at Cedarville University. In this five-week project, student teams design four different heat treats for a steel or aluminum alloy. They then heat treat their specimens, test the mechanical properties (strength, ductility, hardness, etc.), and examine the microstructures to see how the heat treatment has altered the arrangement of the atoms (microstructure) and thus altered the mechanical properties of the material. I personally completed this heat treatment project during the 2009 fall semester, gathering data for 7075 T651 Aluminum. This data, along with that obtained by other students, will be used in developing the web-based library. My purpose in creating this database is to provide an organized collection of the data obtained from the heat treatment project. The work involved includes compiling all the information obtained from the heat treatment projects performed in 2007-2010; standardizing the stress-strain curves for each steel and aluminum alloy; adding a length scale to each micrograph; tabulating the mechanical properties and the heat treat specifications for each specimen; and developing the framework and content of the web-based library. When completed, this web-based library will provide a visual and tabular collection of data pertaining to the mechanical properties of various steel and aluminum alloys. It will be meticulously organized and highly accessible, allowing for the addition of data gathered in subsequent years. This database will be a valuable tool to the engineering field in both industry and academia.

Publications: The Creation of a Web-Based Steel and Aluminum Microstructure and Properties Library

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 2

20 Status: Junior, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry Research Topic: Identification of Modifications to Ets2-Responsive Genes in Fibroblasts

Advisor(s): Dr. Alicia E. Schaffner Biography: I grew up in Troy, Michigan, a northern suburb of Detroit. While attending Troy Athens High School, I developed an interest in the sciences, particularly chemistry. Encouraged by my teachers there and my family at home, I began attending Cedarville University in pursuit of a Bachelor of Science Degree with a double major in Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology. After my first research experience in the summer of 2009, I developed a passion for the discovery process at the core of scientific research. My fascination with the intricate processes occurring at the molecular level kept me in the lab until late hours of the night, waiting with anticipation for samples to finish spinning in a centrifuge or for results from SDS-PAGE analysis. Thus I am excited to be at the research bench once again this year as a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient. Upon graduation from Cedarville, I plan to pursue a doctoral degree in a biological chemistry-related field and ultimately either teach at the post-secondary level or perform medical research.

Abstract: TA cell’s potential to proliferate, differentiate and respond to its environment is based on its ability to alter its gene expression. Transcription can be regulated by DNA-binding proteins called transcription factors. These factors bind various promoter/enhancer elements leading to the activation or repression of specific target genes. The ETS family of transcription factors has been linked to tumor progression in several types of cancers, as they control genes regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell migration. Therefore, ETS transcription factors are thought to play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Transcription factors exert their effects by interacting with other proteins such as chromatin remodeling complexes and histone modification enzymes. The goal of our research is to identify modifications made to Ets2-responsive genes by performing a ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) analysis.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 4

21 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Vocational Rehabilitation Design Project

Advisor(s): Dr. Robert Chasnov Biography: I am currently a Senior at Cedarville University, pursuing a B.A. in Mechanical Engineering with a minor in Bible, Math, and Biomedical Engineering. I grew up along the East coast of the United States. I have moved 14 times in my 21 years and am currently calling Angier, North Carolina, my home. I am the middle of three children with an older sister and a younger brother.

You could say that my love for engineering began as a young child with an affinity for Legos, then grew during high school with a greater knowledge of physics. I began to see that the world could be explained with numbers and equations and I finally realized that indeed the world was a beautiful place. In college, I was fascinated with the vast amount of knowledge that I did not know and tried to consume everything within reach. Some of my interests include the wonder and complexity of the human body as the most incredible machine ever created (Anatomy and Physiology is my favorite class that I have ever taken). A variety of other disciplines I enjoy include: Welding, Machining and Statics and Dynamics. In the miniscule amount of free time that my professors can afford to grant me, I enjoy playing soccer, ultimate Frisbee, and rock climbing. I also enjoy reading classic literature and psychology books. My favorite book is Les Miserables.

Upon completing my degree at Cedarville University, I plan on pursuing a job or attending graduate school in the Biomedical Engineering field. After accumulating both experience and knowledge my 10-year plan also includes working abroad possibly in an underdeveloped country where a skill like engineering could be a medium to help others.

Abstract: As a member of the Kettering Vocational Rehabilitation Senior Design Team I have the opportunity to work with the Kettering Rehabilitation Center and MONCO Enterprises to help the employees at MONCO with their job performance. MONCO Enterprises provides employment opportunities, work training, placement services, and employment support for individuals with developmental disabilities. Our team is involved with creating working assist devices to enable the employees to complete involved tasks and equip them to be a greater asset to MONCO enterprises. One particular job that is available is the bagging of different items. Specifically, as my project took shape, I was focused on the dexterity required to open the plastic bags and the shakiness of the employee as they held the bag during filling. Looking particularly on these two aspects I started working on a design that would open a bag and hold it in an open position during filling. The major goals that I would be addressing is making their job easier and increasing their productivity. This allows them to use both hands to fill each bag and not split their concentration between holding and filling each bag. Through helping these employees complete their jobs well, my goal is to play a part in enhancing their quality of life.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 5

22 Status: Junior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Creep and Subsidence of the Hip Stem in THA

Advisor(s): Dr. Timothy Norman Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010–2011 school year. My hometown is California, Maryland. I am currently a Mechanical Engineering major at Cedarville University. My choice to major in mechanical engineering was one that developed throughout my years in grade school and high school. I have always been fascinated by the devices and structures that we utilize every day. Over the past summers, I’ve been able to gain valuable experience through various internships. The positions were with the Navy and provided a variety of opportunities, including reviewing both electrical and mechanical drawings, installing wiring on aircraft, and even time in a leadership position. The work that I’ve been able to do with Dr. Norman has primarily consisted of using finite element analysis in biomedical applications. It has been an interesting experience and I’ve found that it has helped to broaden my horizons as a mechanical engineer. I plan on taking the Fundamentals of Engineering exam next year and continuing to pursue a license as a professional engineer. I also would like to pursue post-graduate education; however, I plan on working for a while following graduation before beginning work on a Master’s Degree.

Abstract: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the surgical procedure of replacing the hip joint with a prosthetic implant. An important component of this implant is the hip stem and how it interfaces with the femur and remains stable over time. One undesirable behavior is distal subsidence (or downward movement in the femoral canal) of the stem due to viscoelastic behavior (or creep) [1] of bone cement and in the cortical bone itself [2,3]. However, in cemented stems, the creep in the bone does not significantly add to the distal subsidence of the hip stem compared to creep in the bone cement [2]. However, its effect in uncemented stems under press-fit conditions [4,5] is not known. Studies have shown that the viscoelastic behavior of the cortical bone diminishes the contact pressure between the stem and bone but does not jeopardize the stem stability [4]; however, reducing the stem-bone contact area (less than 100% contact area) does reduce stem stability [6]. Both un-cemented configurations have been modeled with an axi-symmetric FEA model [5,6], and the cemented configuration with a full 3-D model of the femur [1,2]. I will be working with Dr. Timothy Norman, using the full 3- D model of cemented total hip replacement to develop the uncemented 3-D models for both 100% contact area and <100% contact area. This will allow us to investigate the effects of both bone viscoelastic behavior and stem-bone contact area on stem stability and subsidence.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 8

23 Status: Senior, Manufacturing Engineering Research Topic: Analysis and Design of a Weight Distribution System for a Carbon Steel Alloy Shift Kart Chassis

Advisor(s): Mahmoud Abdallah, Ph.D., P.E.; Co-Researcher: Jesse E. Daniels Biography: I am a graduating Senior finishing my Bachelor of Science degree in Manufacturing Engineering at Central State University (CSU). Throughout my academic career, I have been an active member of Central’s student chapters of the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). I am currently serving a second term as chapter vice-president for NSBE. This year, I am working closely with the chapter president to implement a NSBE Big Brother/Big Sister program. Two of the main goals are to increase STEM student retention and to develop a stronger relationship between lower- and upper-engineering classmen. In addition, I am a founding member of CSU’s STEM Club, an organization designed to encompass all STEM majors to promote a united STEM atmosphere and network on campus. After I receive my BS Degree in Manufacturing Engineering, I plan to attend graduate school to obtain my Master’s and Doctoral Degrees in Materials Engineering.

Last summer, I interned with the NASA Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, as a Research Associate for the Bio Science and Technology branch. My internship program was a busy and exciting ten weeks that emphasized group and individual supervised research, teamwork, and creativity. I attended seminars, discussion panels, and visited other NASA centers (Jet Propulsion Lab, Goddard Space Flight Center, and Kennedy Space Center). I presented my individual research on surface measurements of cobalt-alumina catalysts used to produce synthetic aviation fuel; and also presented my collaborative work for my group project entitled: Modular Adaptive Space Environments (MASE): A Universal Infrastructure. I enjoyed my experience so much, that I now serve on the NASA Academy Alumni Association’s Recruitment Committee to help connect future interns with NASA Academy opportunities.

Outside of academic life, I like to participate in activities that are different and exciting. My sophomore year, I was a wide receiver for the women’s professional football team the Dayton Diamonds. Unfortunately, the time commitment needed for practices, home, and away games was more than my schedule would allow going into my junior year so I had to stop playing. Now, as a senior, I am thrilled to have found welterweight boxing lessons that fit well into my full-time student, part- time work schedule.

Abstract: A shift kart (or shifter kart) is a small, low-riding, four-wheeled motorized vehicle. The main features that distinguish shift karts from other race vehicles are that karts are designed without differential and suspension components. Shift kart racing is popular because it is a relatively inexpensive entry-level motor sport to more advanced and expensive racing. A typical kart with a 125 cc 2-stroke engine can reach a top speed of 85 miles per hour, depending upon the combined weight of the kart and driver. Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph can occur in as little as 3 seconds.

Continued on the Next Page . . .

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 9

24 Robyn L. Bradford (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) All karts must meet specific requirements that differ according to a racer’s class. The minimum weight requirement is the subject of this project because meeting that requirement is a chronic problem in the shift kart racing world. When underweight, racers are adding lead weights to the backs of their seats. This common practice is causing increased concentrated stress to the frame and is the main cause of premature chassis failure according to the Phoenix Kart Racing Association.

The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of concentrated lead weight loadings on tubular carbon steel chassis and to design a marketable solution. A personal computer-based data acquisition system (DAS) will be designed to measure, record, and analyze stress from static loadings at critical points on the frame. Results will be used to investigate two chassis conceptual design solutions. The goal is to distribute weight throughout the chassis resulting in lower concentrated stress points and increased life and durability.

Publications: None yet.

25 Status: Senior, Manufacturing Engineering Research Topic: A Study To Analyze And Design a Weight Distribution System for a Shifter Kart Chassis

Advisor(s): Mahmoud Abdallah, Ph.D., P.E.; Co-Researcher: Robyn Bradford Biography: I am currently a graduating senior at Central State University pursuing my Bachelor of Science Degree in Manufacturing Engineering. I graduated from Laura Oaks Vocational School in Wilmington, Ohio, where I studied Manufacturing Technology. I learned from hands-on experience how to run CNC machines, use CAD software, read blueprints, weld and much more. I have always enjoyed being creative and working on projects while utilizing the knowledge I learned in lectures and labs; and thus I was inspired to continue my education in Manufacturing Engineering.

Last summer, I had the opportunity to intern as a mechanical engineer at ZIN Technologies in Cleveland, Ohio. Here, I had hands-on experience in prototyping exercise equipment for lunar spacecrafts. I worked on various projects including a compact subject load design (CSLD), an ergonomic exercise bike, and the observation and analysis of smectic islands in space (OASIS). I drew detailed pneumatic schematics for the CSLD and OASIS projects; and also learned how to create and develop high-quality custom-made designs through company procedures.

I am a member of the National Technical Honors Society, the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE), and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). Focusing on performance, communication skills, time management and professionalism has not only led me to become successful in my own studies, but motivates me to help others achieve their goals. To this end, I am helping to develop a STEM club at Central State University that will unite students.

Abstract: A shift kart is a scaled-down version of an Indy race car without a suspension. It can have a 125 or 250 cc two- stroke engine anda5or6speedmanual transmission. Acceleration is rapid from 0 to 60 miles per hour in about 3 seconds. Top speeds of 160 miles per hour can be reached depending on the engine type and gear ratio selection with a multi hydraulic braking system. Shift kart racing is highly regulated and all karts must meet specific requirements that differ according to a racer’s class.

The minimum weight requirement is the subject of this research project because meeting that requirement is a continual problem in the shift kart racing world. If underweight, racers are adding weight to their shift karts, usually behind the seat. This practice is causing increased localized stresses to the frame and is the main cause of chassis failure according to the Phoenix Kart Racing Association. To prevent failure and to prolong the life of the chassis, reverse engineering will be done on an existing shift kart chassis that will be drawn into Solid Edge.

The model will then be exported into ALGOR to analyze the effect of weights being added behind the seat to find the high stress/strain areas on the frame. In addition, weight will be distributed evenly about the chassis to find the most effective areas to maintain low structural stress. An on-board data acquisition system will be used to take strain measurements by placing strain gauges in high stress areas to compare them to the model generated in ALGOR. Test results will be used to select an appropriate conceptual design solution that will distribute weight throughout the chassis.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 10

26 Status: Junior, Computer Science Research Topic: A Load Balancing, Scalable Parallel Algorithm for Simulating the Control of Steady State Heat Flow Through a Metal Sheet

Advisor(s): Robert L. Marcus Biography: Growing up in a less privileged community has not only offered financial and academic challenges, but it has more importantly made me realize the value of a college education. I have begun my undergraduate career as a Junior at Central State University and can already report that my academics are off to a great start. My plans at this stage are to complete a major in Computer Science and Mathematics.

Central State University offers a challenging Computer Science and Mathematics program, and I am proud to say that my cumulative G.P.A. is 3.70. Being new to the area of Computer Science, I am interested in cyber security. With the help of my educational mentors, Mr. Gorgui (manger for Center Of Student Opportunities), and Mr. Marcus (Academic Advisor, Department Chair for Math and Computer Science), I plan to explore the academic and career opportunities available in this field. I will surely prepare for graduate school. At this point in my life I plan on attending graduate school at The Ohio State University (in Columbus Ohio) in their Computer Science program. After completing this program I hope to pursue a career in the Computer Science field.

Abstract: The objective of this research project is to implement a load balancing technique for a scalable parallel algorithm for simulating the control of steady-state heat flow through a metal sheet. The project simulates heat flow across a rectangular sheet of dimensions up to 1000x1000. Past research has limited the number of parallel tasks to those which evenly divides the dimensions. However, the number of tasks which may provide maximum speed-up may not evenly divide the dimensions.

If the dimensions are divided by the number of tasks in the parallel partition and the remainder is not zero, the remainder indicates the number of rows of the metal sheet which are not assigned to any task. Brief consideration was given to assigning those rows to one of the parallel tasks, however, that would cause a load imbalance which would result in that tasks performing a significantly higher number of calculations than the others. Such load imbalance would reduce the computational speed-up of the simulation.

If the remainder above is not zero, the load balancing technique used in this project assigned an extra row to individual tasks in the partition until all of the remaining rows are assigned. The computational load was evenly distributed among the tasks and the simulation could be performed using any number of tasks for the parallel partition. The project will satisfy all of the requirements for simulating the control of steady state heat flow while improving the scalability of the algorithm.

The project uses MATLAB surface plots to display the various heat topologies and MATLAB two-dimensional function plots to display the speed-up graphs.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 11

27 Status: Senior, Environmental Engineering Research Topic: Solar Powered Water Purification System

Advisor(s): Dr. Krishnakumar Nedunuri Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. I am currently a graduating senior attending Central State University, majoring in Environmental Engineering with a minor in Mathematics. During my time at Central, I have had numerous opportunities to branch out and receive real world experience. As a freshman, I interned with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. While at NREL, I dealt with Solar cells and photovoltaics’ conducting tests on the impurities and lifespan of Silicon wafers. During my sophomore year, I interned with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) monitoring and conducting tests on environmental satellites surveying such things as tropical storms, hazardous debris, and wild fire. The summer of my junior year I again interned with NOAA where I conducted tests on water quality. These tests included Total as well as Volatile suspended solids, and analysis on algae. Finally, I interned with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD) where I conducted Environmental monitoring as well as Industrial sampling for hazardous materials in the greater Cleveland Metropolitan area. Upon completion of my undergraduate degree in 2011, I plan on continuing on to graduate school where I plan to obtain a Doctorate as well as Professional Engineering standing.

Abstract: Solar Power is the energy generated by sunlight. Solar energy is being increasingly adopted throughout the globe because of its environmental benefits. This use of energy produces no waste and does not give out any harmful emissions. There are presently numerous countries in need of clean drinking water. By constructing a system that not only helps purify water, but does it while being powered by a renewable energy; this application could solve water quality based problems throughout the world. Using a solar cell to harness the suns energy, the cell will then be attached to a battery as well as a pump that pumps water through our self-constructed tank. The battery is used as a charge that will continue powering the system throughout times of no sunlight. With numerous levels in the tank including a weir, sand filter bed, as well as a gravel bed, it will remove various sediments, contaminants, and pollutants found in the water.

Publications: 1. “Surface Photovoltage Technique: Renewed Interest in SI-PV Measurements and Diagnostics” (2007).

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 12

28 Status: Senior, Manufacturing Engineering Research Topic: Probabilistic Analysis of Jet Engine Turbine Blade Manufacturing Process Uncertainties for Enhanced Turbine Blade Reliability and Performance Advisor(s): Dr. Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi Biography: Myron’Tyshan McGee a young man, from Dayton, Ohio, was born September 20, 1989. He graduated from Trotwood Madison High School in 2007. After completing countless college applications, marked with a 1.9 GPA, he finally was given admission to Central State University. He pursued his education at Central State University that fall. Central State was where his life really started to change.

Myron came from a family background where no one had ever attended college. “No one in my family had been to college, and I wanted to set an example for my siblings. But no college would take a chance on me except Central State University.”

Myron came to Central State and turned 180 degrees. “It’s true, I did a 180. I started going in a new direction. Part of the reason why was seeing my mother taking out a loan for my education. I knew if I earned the grades, I could get financial help and that would be the end of the loans. That’s exactly what happened.” Another cause of the dramatic change is the environment he found at Central State. “The knowledge base of the professors is inspiring, and they held me accountable for learning the material and developing into a thinker.”

Today, Myron is determined, studious, and will be starting the fourth year of his five-year program in Manufacturing Engineering. He is a member of the National Society of Black Engineers, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, and has served for three years as a residence hall advisor. His current GPA is 3.61.

Future plans for Myron include a job after graduation, along with earning his Master’s Degree. “My ultimate goal would be starting my own business or non-profit group. I would like to inspire people to dream again, especially in the sciences.”

Abstract: The objective of this project is to quantify uncertainties in jet engine blade manufacturing process variables and rank the process variables in order of sensitivities and importance, using reliability based design optimization theories and approaches. Critical variables identification make it possible to focus resources on key variables and avoid wasting resources in controlling marginal and unimportant variables that do not impact the probability of failure of the blades as a result of manufacturing process variations. Potential benefits include, Advancement of Air Force research information that supports safer blade design resulting in safer aviation mission operations for the Warfighter as well as recommendations to support continuous improvement efforts for the jet engine blade manufacturing process.

Due to my current involvement with Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Dr. Ajayi-Majebi, my efforts will include connecting my internship and my research endeavor.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 13

29 Status: Junior, Manufacturing Engineering Research Topic: Remote Infrared Sensing and Image Stabilization

Advisor(s): Dr. Augustus Morris Biography: My hometown is Dayton, Ohio, where I graduated from Trotwood Madison High School as the Valedictorian. I am currently a Manufacturing Engineer major at Central State University. My fascination in the sciences began at an early age. During my elementary to high school years, I always expressed interest in all of my science classes. My appreciation for science encouraged me to participate in science fairs as well as engage in other scientific studies. Consequently, my parents were very supportive about my endeavors within the sciences. Due to my strong background in science, I decided that Manufacturing Engineering was the best field of study for me in college. College has exposed me to a wealth of knowledge and experiences. Some of my experiences evolved into opportunities such as internships, scholarships, professional organizations and social connections. Over the past couple years, I have had the chance to experience the differences between personal research and industry. Two years ago my personal research involved classical physics and frustrated total internal reflection to produce a multi-touch system. However, last year I spent my summer with ATK (Alliant Tech Systems) designing antennas and antenna radomes. Due to my diverse experiences I feel like I am a well-rounded person thanks to the many opportunities and experiences that college had in store for me. After graduating from college, I hope to continue my studies in engineering and begin working on my Ph.D.

Abstract: Remote multispectral sensing was originally developed for spaced base imaging. However, multispectral imaging has proven to be important to the aerospace applications on Earth. Some of these applications deal with characteristics of the atmosphere, water, deep water structures, vegetation, manmade objects, soil moisture, and etc. Some multispectral applications are integrated into remote sensing UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles), High Altitude Ballooning, and more. In general, aerospace objects are required to be extremely light and strong. The demanding requirements of aerospace objects prove to be a challenging engineering problem. In particular, HASP (High Altitude Student Payload) has some very steep requirements. HASP is designed to carry up to twelve student payloads to an altitude of about 36 kilometers with flight durations of 15 to 20 hours using a small volume, zero pressure balloon.

The main focus of this senior design project is to develop a student payload that will perform remote multispectral sensing and image stabilization. The student payload must meet certain conditions such as:

•Payload Specifications (PACER) •Maximum serial downlink: <1200bps •Total number of positions available: 8 •Serial Uplink: 2bytes per second •Maximum weight: 6.6 lbs. •Serial Interface: 1200baud, RS232 protocol, DB9 connector •Maximum footprint: 6”x6” •Analog downlink: two channels in range 0 to 5 VDC •Maximum height: 12” •Discrete commands: Power on, Power off •Supplied Voltage: 29-33 VDC •Analog & discrete interface: EDAC 516-020 •Available current: 0.5 Amps at 30 VDC

Continued on the Next Page . . .

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 14

30 Nathaniel J. Morris (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) As the specifications are listed above, the multispectral sensing and the image stabilization devices are required to fit these standards. The plan of action to achieve multispectral sensing and image stabilization will be based on a PIC controller that will control the multispectral sensing device/camera while continuously self-adjusting the camera to face North during the payload’s flight. In perspective, at altitudes that can reach 36 kilometers, the payload and electronics will need to be designed in a way that the payload and its contents can perform efficiently at temperatures below zero degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, a student’s payload must be able to withstand environmental changes while meeting HASP’s payload requirements.

Publications: None yet.

31 Status: Junior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Biogeography-Based Optimization with Distributed Learning and Intelligence

Advisor(s): Dr. Daniel Simon Biography: I am a Junior at Cleveland State University receiving the Ohio Space Grant Scholarship for the 2010-2011 school year. I graduated from Normandy High School in 2008 and chose to pursue a goal in the field of engineering at Cleveland State University. I excelled in math at Normandy High School and really enjoyed its applications to the real world which inspired me to pursue my future in Electrical Engineering. While pursuing my degree at Cleveland State University I began researching with Dr. Daniel Simon in the Embedded Systems Laboratory. I investigate Dr. Simon’s recently created evolutionary algorithm called Biogeography-Based Optimization. I would like to continue to study after I graduate with my undergraduate degree and receive a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering. I plan on getting into the Electrical Engineering field at a local business or research facility, possibly in a business creating new medical equipment.

Abstract: We present hardware testing of an evolutionary algorithm known as biogeography-based optimization (BBO) and extend it to distributed learning. BBO is an evolutionary algorithm based on the theory of biogeography, which describes how nature geographically distributes organisms. We introduce a new BBO algorithm that does not need a centralized computer to optimize, and which we call distributed BBO. BBO and distributed BBO have been developed by observing nature. And this has resulted in an algorithm that optimizes solutions for different situations and problems. We use fourteen common benchmark functions to simulate results of BBO and distributed BBO, and we also apply both algorithms to optimize robot control algorithms. We present not only simulation results, but also experimental results using BBO to optimize the control algorithms of a swarm of mobile robots. The results show that centralized BBO gives better solution results for a problem and would be a better choice compared to any of the new forms of distributed BBO. However, distributed BBO allows the user to find a less optimal solution to a problem while avoiding the need for centralized, coordinated control. To further our research of BBO and DBBO, we introduced Markov Analysis to the algorithms in order to study their performance. Markov Theory is a probabilistic theory that calculates the next outcomes of an experiment based on the knowledge of its previous outcomes.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 19

32 Status: Junior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Stimuli-Responsive Particles

Advisor(s): Dr. Nolan B. Holland Biography: My name is Ciara Seitz, and I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient. I graduated from Normandy High School in 2008, and I currently attend Cleveland State University where I am working towards my undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering, with a minor in chemistry. I have also always loved math and various sciences so I knew engineering was the perfect path for me. I am a member of the Society of Women Engineers and American Institute of Chemical Engineers to stay connected with other students and professors. Recently, I was also inducted in to Tau Beta Pi, the engineering honors society. This past year I have been researching with Dr. Nolan Holland in one of Cleveland State’s laboratories, focusing on stimuli-responsive materials. I also plan to apply to the Master’s Program at Cleveland State University in Biomedical Engineering, while continuing to work in the laboratory.

Abstract: Elastin-like polypeptides are responsive polymers, which consist of amino acid repeats. The ELPs are the system used in the laboratory where I do my research. They are protein-based materials that are biosynthesized in bacterial expression systems and recombinant DNA technology in order to control the structure of the material. I began as a lab assistant and during my work I learned the processes used in order to construct these materials.

I began working under Dr. Holland and doctorate students who were studying these stimuli-responsive materials, which can be altered by changes to their local environment such as temperature, salt concentration, pH levels, etc. These changes have been focused on in order to aid in drug delivery and tissue engineering. We are working on developing materials that overcome the slow response time and small magnitude of the response.

Another area that has been focused on with the ELPs has been their critical solution temperature. The polymers consist of repeats of the sequence G G P, where can be any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids and can be any except proline. By changing and in the sequence we are trying to lower the critical solution temperature. Most of the polypeptides exhibit a higher transition temperature however it is desirable to be able to use them at room temperature, such as in drug delivery and tissue engineering, where it can be more easily achieved.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 20

33 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Optimization of Digestate Media Composition for Maximal Lipid Recovery

Advisor(s): Dr. Joanne Belovich Biography: I am a Senior Chemical Engineering student at Cleveland State University. I have been a part of CSU’s Honor’s Program for 3 years. I have researched and worked at both CSU working under Dr. Joann Belovich and also at NASA Glenn Research Center working with various environmental engineers.

Abstract: The need for a sustainable fuel has become more apparent over the years as concerns about the limited amounts of crude oil continue to increase. One such source of a sustainable alternative fuel is microalgae. The standard 3N-BBM media that algae is grown in is not feasible on a large industrial scale due to high chemical costs. Thus a more cost effective media is needed. The use of digestate as a possible source of nutrients for algal growth was proposed. Experiments were done to determine the minimum concentration of digestate in water that would help maximize biomass recovery and lipid content. Results showed that a value of about 1.25% digestate (v/v) in water was the lowest concentration possible that helped maximize biomass recovery and lipid content. Future testing can be done to further fine tune this number, which will help cut costs and increase productivity.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 21

34 Status: Junior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Characterization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes

Advisor(s): Dr. Jorge Gatica Biography: I am presently a third year student pursuing a degree in Chemical Engineering. I am also enrolled in my university’s accelerated Master’s program, so I shall graduate in 2013 with my graduate degree. I hope to work in the field of alternative energies upon graduation. I became interested in the field during my sophomore year of high school, when I first discovered my affinity for chemistry. I have always dreamed of making the world a better place somehow, and working as a chemical engineer provides hundreds of avenues for doing so, big or small. As luck would have it, I grew up only 20 minutes from a school with an excellent reputation for engineering, Cleveland State University. My time there has immersed me in countless new ideas and given me so many opportunities to learn, including and beyond the classroom. Further, the Chemical Engineering program has exposed me to some of the most sincere and caring people I have had the privilege to meet. Although I already knew it, my research experience in the summertime confirmed that I had made the right choice.

I am a member of CSU’s Honors Program and the STEM Program. I was inducted into the school’s chapter of Tau Beta Pi in the fall. I have also served as President of CSU’s chapter of the honor society. I play on the school’s rugby team and also enjoy bowling in my spare time.

Abstract: Corrosion resistance and energy efficiency have long been driving forces to substitute low-carbon steels by advanced materials in the manufacture of car body parts. As a result, attention has been directed towards aluminum alloys as one of the prime candidates for this replacement. The use of materials in the automobile industry and other applications, frequently involve painting for corrosion protection or decorative purposes. Most materials, however, will exhibit poor paint adhesion properties without proper surface modification.

For many years, chromate-based coating processes have been used by industry to generate protective coatings on metallic surfaces to ensure the success of subsequent applications. These processes possess a threat for significant environmental impact and have, therefore, been subject to strict regulations under the Clean Water Act and other environmental initiatives. New approaches in coating technology, therefore, need to be investigated to provide alternative practical options that could meet EPA mandates (Chang et al., 1997).

This research focuses on calorimetric and spectroscopic analyses to characterize the chemical interaction of precursors with different transition metals. Deposition experiments complemented with spectroscopic and calorimetric characterizations, as well as mathematical modeling are the major components to promote engaged student learning through Research and Creative Activities.

The activities planned under this REU complement a long-term research project aiming at elucidating the effect of transition metals on reaction mechanisms leading to protective coatings. The principal phases are: deposition experiments complemented by spectroscopic and calorimetric characterization of the precursor, coatings, and mathematical modeling.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 23

35 Status: Junior, Petroleum Engineering Research Topic: Marcellus Shale Production

Advisor(s): Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. I was raised near Parkersburg, West Virginia, and graduated from Parkersburg South High School. As a young child I had an interest in how things work and in practical mathematics. This led to the desire in becoming an engineer. Combining this desire with my love for the outdoors caused an interest in petroleum engineering. I have enjoyed researching to even better understand how mechanisms that we rely on every day function. I have been researching the Marcellus Shale since it is located semi-locally and much controversy has arisen over it. I plan to graduate and potentially work in developing the Marcellus Shale, so this research provides for strong background for a future job. I furthermore plan to continue my education in an engineering field as I work in the industry.

Abstract: The Marcellus Shale is a rock formation that contains a large quantity of natural gas. This formation is considered a reservoir rock in petroleum engineering terms. Production from this reservoir rock has been experimented with and some have found that shutting a well in a few days can be beneficial for production. Shutting a well in is simply not allowing the well to flow for a few days. I plan to research why this phenomenon occurs.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 29

36 Status: Senior, Petroleum Engineering Research Topic: Downhole Drilling Tools in Shale Formations

Advisor(s): Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas Biography: I am currently a Senior at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio. My major is Petroleum Engineering, and I am also pursuing a certificate in leadership studies. Unlike many petroleum engineering students, my choice to enter the oil and gas industry was not spurred by family pedigree. Rather, I chose petroleum engineering because it is one of the most exciting careers available. I look forward to traveling, experiencing unique cultures, and meeting people. Marietta College was always a logical choice for me. The Mid-Ohio Valley is the place I have always called home, and I enjoy spending time with my family. In addition, the small school environment is conducive to my personality. I am involved in many campus activities and groups including intramural sports, the student conduct board, and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. The setting also allows students to form strong academic relationships with the professors and feel comfortable in the classroom. The Petroleum Engineering Program at Marietta College is another reason I decided to enroll. It is a tight-knit group with faculty members that focus solely on the success of the students. The department also makes internship opportunities readily available for every student, so it is easy to be successful with ample effort in the classroom.

Abstract: The big talk around eastern oil and gas companies today is about the Marcellus Shale formation, which mostly lies in parts of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the state of New York. Businesses have only recently been able to economically produce natural gas from these underground formations—the oldest wells being a few years old. Given the lack of production data, my initial research, which was conducted during my junior year, was to determine the expected productivity of the Marcellus Shale formation. Having done this, I have changed direction in my research and will now be analyzing downhole drilling tools used in unconventional shale plays.

Unconventional gas reserves in the United States have the potential to supply us for many decades to come if the hydrocarbons are produced efficiently. These types of gas reservoirs (unconventional) are categorized based on their permeability—ability to transmit fluid through the rock formation. The Marcellus Shale, in particular, has a permeability range of 0.001 to 0.0001 millidarcies, which is 100 times less permeable than sidewalk cement. Other shale plays in North America have been developed far longer than the Marcellus Shale, and I hope to use the knowledge gained from those fields in my research. The Barnett Shale in Texas, for example, has been producing for over 30 years, and the success of its downhole tools would also be useful in the Marcellus.

With hope my study of drilling and completion engineering in the Barnett Shale formation will be comparable to the Marcellus formation, and the data collected will be available and helpful to future Marcellus Shale formation producers.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 30

37 Status: Senior, Petroleum Engineering Research Topic: Enhanced Drilling and Fracturing Techniques for Horizontal Well Stimulus

Advisor(s): Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas Biography: I am a Senior at Marietta College, located in Marietta, Ohio. I am majoring in Petroleum Engineering. With this being my last year, I believe that a petroleum degree was the best choice for me. When I started college, I wanted to explore a new and exciting field of study, and the petroleum industry is just the place to do that. With new problems and technology that can constantly be improved upon, Petroleum Engineering offers many opportunities to utilize new ideas and new technology. Within the four years that I have been at school, there have been many advances in exploration and production in the industry. With gas shales being discovered all over America, I am really excited to see where my career goes in this industry. While at Marietta College, I have been involved with the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Symphonic Wind Ensemble, Alpha Lambda Delta Honorary Society, and Math Honorary Society. I also work for the college’s grounds crew, and play intramural soccer. During the summer of 2009, I worked as a well tender in an oilfield for Bancequity Petroleum Company outside of Albany, Ohio. During the summer of 2010, I worked as an office intern for Energy Corporation of America in Charleston, West Virginia. I have accepted an engineering position with ConocoPhillips in Houston, Texas to begin after graduation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon wells require a stimulus to start efficient production. This stimulus comes in the form of well fracturing. When a well is fractured, high pressure water and proppant is pumped into the well. The fracturing fluid creates and expands fractures in the targeted formation. The fractures that are created allow natural gas and oil located away from the wellbore to flow into the well bore faster than it would under natural migration. This occurs due to the induced and propped fractures having a higher flow capacity. Without the stimulation process, the wells would not produce economically. This is especially critical for shale formations, where the pore spaces are too small to allow sufficient natural flow. This research project will look at directional drilling as a way to better stimulate a horizontal gas-shale well. It will attempt to enhance horizontal shale stimulation by combining the fracture radius from several wells. Theoretically, combining these fractures to produce from one well will increase the ultimate reserves. An economic analysis would have to be done in order to confirm these results. Data will be obtained from gas wells that have already been drilled in order to make the project as realistic as possible. It will be incorporated into a simulation program, provided by the Marietta College petroleum engineering department. The data will also be used in a program created for this project. The goal of this project is to research and seek out the most optimal stimulation design for the well.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 31

38 Status: Senior, Petroleum Engineering Research Topic: Liquid Removal in Horizontal Wells

Advisor(s): Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas and Professor David Freeman Biography: I After graduating from Cinco Ranch High School in Katy, Texas, I decided to attend Marietta College and major in Petroleum Engineering. A major factor impacting my decision to travel over 1,200 miles to attend college was that my parents and several relatives graduated from Marietta College. Choosing petroleum engineering was an easy decision for me. I wanted to do some type of engineering because I enjoyed and excelled at math and science, but was undecided on the discipline. I decided on petroleum engineering in part because my family is involved in the petroleum industry. While a student at Marietta College, I have taken part in extracurricular activities. I played four years of Division III soccer and have been captain for the last two years. I am serving a second year as the vice-president for our student chapter’s Society of Petroleum Engineers. After I complete my degree in May, I will begin working for a BP in Houston, Texas. My initial assignment will be completions and intervention specialist for an onshore gas field. Abstract: There are several methods for removing liquid in producing oil and gas wells. However, in horizontal wells the removal options are limited due to the deviated wellbore. The three main options for artificial lift in horizontal wells include plunger lift, rod-pump, and gas lift.

For horizontally drilled wells, the well is drilled vertically down (straight-hole portion) to a designated depth (kickoff point). Below this depth, the “deviated” portion of the well is drilled. As drilling continues, the wellbore deviates from vertical toward the planned horizontal section. Drilling the deviated portion of the hole requires drilling several hundred feet of rock while building the “angle from vertical.” When the well has built eighty degrees of deviation from the original vertical wellbore, the well is considered horizontal. From there, the well extends horizontally through the formation containing the hydrocarbons.

Compared to vertically drilled wells, horizontally drilled wells offer economic and environmental advantages. Engineers however are challenged with complex problem solving during drilling, completion and the production phases. During the production phase, liquid loading can be a problem in highly deviated wells. Liquid loading is defined as when the hydrocarbon flow rate is less than the minimum unloading rate, which results in fluid buildup in the horizontal section of the well. These liquids can include injected water, produced water and condensate. Once the horizontal section is full of liquid, artificial lift must be implemented to mechanically remove the fluids allowing the hydrocarbons to produce at higher rates.

This research paper will compare the three main artificial lift options to remove liquid in horizontal wells. The comparison will include the advantages, disadvantages and will be supported by real well data. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 18th Congressional Representative(s): Bob Gibbs 32

39 Status: Senior, Petroleum Engineering Research Topic: Hydraulic Fracture Design in the Marcellus Shale

Advisor(s): Dr. Benjamin H. Thomas Biography: I am currently a Senior Petroleum Engineering student at Marietta College. I am from Poca, West Virginia, and attended Poca High School. Since childhood, I have always had a strong interest in mathematics and engineering. This interest and petroleum engineering’s broad horizons are what led me to attend Marietta College.

While studying at Marietta, I had the opportunity to work 3 internships in the oil and gas industry. During these internships, I gained valuable exposure to various petroleum engineering disciplines including drilling, production, and completion engineering. In the Summer of 2010, I worked for Southwestern Energy modeling hydraulic fracturing in the Fayetteville Shale. This experience taught me a lot about hydraulic fracturing and some of the current problems associated with it. As a result, I decided to focus my research on water reduction in shale fracturing.

Upon graduation; I plan on working for Chevron Corporation as an offshore drilling engineer in their Gulf of Mexico division. I also plan on obtaining my Master’s Degree in either Mechanical or Petroleum Engineering at some point in the future.

Abstract: Shale gas has become one of the most sought after commodities in the energy industry because of recent advances in hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing in shale formations is vital because most shale formations have extensive natural fracture networks. Since shale is a low permeability rock, tapping into these natural fracture networks allows operators to produce shale gas economically. However, dense population and increased fracturing activity has caused water availability problems for Northeast oil and gas operations. As a result, it has become important to limit water usage. However, this is hard to accomplish when almost every new well drilled needs to be hydraulically fractured to produce economically.

The objective of this project is to maintain or increase fracture half-length and drainage area, while significantly reducing the volume of water pumped by adjusting parameters such as viscosity, slurry rate, proppant concentration, and other variables. Since it isn’t economical to vary parameters and run experiments on actual fracture jobs, a pseudo 3-d software called MShale will be used to model the experiments. Reservoir properties, wellbore data, and current fracture designs from Marcellus Shale operations will be used to construct these models and create realistic situations.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 35

40 Status: Senior, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Research Topic: Smart Materials: Magnetorheological Elastomers

Advisor(s): Dr. Jeong-Hoi Koo Biography: I am a Senior at Miami University pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering and in addition am pursing a minor in Electrical Engineering. I have been involved in research since my first year of college and have had many unique opportunities as a result. My research culminated in presentations at two international conferences, The International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions (ERMR 2010) and The International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies (ICAST 2010). During the summer of 2010 I also had an opportunity to travel to South Korea to continue my research on this project. Conducting research abroad gave me new perspective about the nature of research. Working with students in another country tore down the idea that research was a collaboration of governments and universities and brought research down to a personal level where individuals regardless of race, nationality, or creed could come together for a common goal. My involvement in research has instilled in me a desire to continue my education at the graduate level so that I may pursue research projects of a higher caliber. Eventually I would like to teach at the collegiate level so that I may create a positive impact both through research and a personal interaction with the students.

Abstract: This study investigates a new generation of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on hard magnetic materials. The type and dispersion of the filler material affects how the MREs respond to an applied magnetic field. A random dispersion of soft magnetic particles, such as iron, results in a MRE with stiffness that varies with the applied magnetic field. Unlike “soft” MREs, a dispersion of hard magnetic materials aligned in an electromagnetic field will produce an MRE with magnetic poles. When a magnetic field is applied, perpendicularly to these poles, the filer particles generate torque and cause rotational motion of the MRE blend. The primary goal of this project is to fabricate and test the properties of MREs filled with hard magnetic particles (or H-MREs). This experimental work investigated the effect of different types of filler materials by measuring the blocked force and the displacement of H-MREs with varying magnetic fields.

Publications: 1. J. H. Koo, A. Dawson and H. J. Jung "Fabrication and Characterization of New Magneto-Rheological Elastomers with Embedded Hard Magnetic Particles," Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions (ERMR 2010), August 16-20, 2010, Philadelphia, PA USA. 2. J. H. Koo, A. Dawson, Y. K. Kim, and K. S. Kim, "Experimental Investigation of Magneto-Rheological Elastomers based on Hard Magnetic Fillers," Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies (ICAST 2010), October 4-6, 2010, State College, PA USA.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 36

41 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: The Development of an Autonomous Vehicle

Advisor(s): Dr. Robert J. Setlock, Jr. Biography: I am a Senior Mechanical Engineering major from Rancho Santa Margarita, California. I graduated from Tesoro High School and have now attended Miami University for four years. The most enjoyable engineering disciplines for me are materials science and engineering processes, which I use in and outside of class whenever possible. Outside of class, I have worked with a professor at Miami to deliver more effective learning tools to second-year engineering students using the dynamic modeling program, Working Model, to show machines and common mechanisms to statics students. I also worked for two summers at Space Exploration Technologies, a private aerospace company in Los Angeles, designing various components and testing structures and adhesives, as well as getting a good deal of hands-on experience.

I am currently doing research for my senior capstone on developing a base-isolation system from magnetorheological elastomers. This system will eventually be placed between structures and the ground to decouple them and eliminate inter- story drift during periods of seismic activity. The research consists mainly of manufacturing fabrication and vibration testing.

Abstract: I am leading a team of undergraduate students in the development of a driverless golf cart. With developing technology and the decreasing need for human interaction, we have identified the need for a semi-autonomous vehicle whose technology can be extrapolated to a multitude of other applications and which will later become fully autonomous.

Currently, we are working on implementing a WiFi-controlled system for the cart to be controlled from a remote location. The cart holds an on-screen computer, as well as cameras and sensors for positioning detection. A short-range WiFi antenna will be used for receiving signals, but also for the prevention of the cart straying from the desired test area. C++ is being used for the controls aspect of the project. The teams working on the cart include controls, communications, steering, and braking.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 8th Congressional Representative(s): John A. Boehner 37

42 Status: Senior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Ionospheric Measurement Using GPS L5 Signal

Advisor(s): Dr. Peter Jamieson and Dr. Jade Morton Biography: I am a Senior from Springfield, Ohio, studying Electrical Engineering and minoring in physics at Miami University. My primary area of research involves the application of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for the Global Positioning System (GPS). In addition to my schoolwork at Miami, I am a member of the Ohio Air National Guard where I have served since 2006 as a jet engine mechanic for the 178th Fighter Wing in Springfield.

As an Undergraduate Summer Scholarship (USS) recipient in the summer of 2009 I worked closely with Dr. Peter Jamieson to build a circuit visualization tool for existing Verilog HDL synthesis software. The experience I gained while building this tool as well as working with FPGAs to create other useful projects gave me a permanent interest in this form of technology.

My interest in the GPS came when I took an introductory course with Dr. Jade Morton. In addition to the work done in class, I am primarily responsible for the GPS component of my senior design project: a multifunction autonomous vehicle. Once I complete my undergraduate work, I hope to remain at Miami to continue my research as a graduate student.

Abstract: GPS technology is seeing increased application in numerous fields. The thrust to modernize the GPS has resulted in the new wideband L5 signal which will be broadcast by the next generation of GPS satellites. The wideband nature of the L5 signal makes it particularly useful for the research that was being conducted at Miami to characterize the ionosphere during scintillation events.

Miami has established an experimental station at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Gakona, Alaska. This station consists of several GPS receivers of various grades which can capture GPS signals that travel through the ionosphere. Controlled scintillation events are generated by heating a section of the ionosphere with a high frequency phased array. One of the GPS receivers is a custom-made system that only has 1 bit resolution for data capture. My addition to this apparatus will increase the resolution to 4 bits at the L5 signal frequency.

Increasing the resolution 4 fold will involve the use of an FPGA as a hardware accelerator; much like a video graphics card is needed when playing a graphic intensive PC game. The data gained will be useful to allow the GPS data to tolerate larger dynamic range which is often associated with ionosphere scintillations. By better characterizing the ionosphere we can develop new algorithms for mitigating the effects of ionospheric interference.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 38

43 Status: Junior, Physics Research Topic: Surface Physics and Computation LEED (Low-Energy Electron Diffraction)

Advisor(s): Dr. Mellita Caragiu Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. My hometown is Beavercreek, Ohio, where I graduated from Beavercreek high school. Even as a young child, I have always been fascinated by how the world works. From my dad who homeschooled me, to my physics professor in high school, to my college physics classes and research experiences, I grown to love how physics not only explains these physical realities of our world but also to enables us in solving world problems. Although as a study physics more in the class room and through research at Ohio Northern University and other institutions, I have come to realize just how much more there is to learn in the broad field of physics. Through summer research experiences, I have been exploring the many areas of physics to discover which area in particular that I would like to focus on. At Ohio Northern, I have been working with Dr. Mellita Caragiu in the field of surface physics. I have enjoyed research as I have found that it is one place where I can really grow in depth in my understanding in physics. After I graduate, I would l like to continue my physics education at graduate school. I would like to get my Ph.D. so that I can be a professor at a university where I can mentor students and continue conducting research that will assist in solving some of our world problems with energy or natural resource depletion.

Abstract: One of the major outcomes of the study of solid-gas interfaces is the knowledge of the actual position of the atoms in the top-most atomic planes of the solid surface. The location of atoms in surfaces gives information about the surface symmetry, interlayer spacing, and atomic bond lengths. Among the most successful techniques in the study of solid surfaces kept under ultra high vacuum conditions is low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The present study investigates the surface of clean gold, cut along the crystallographic plane (111). Computational LEED analysis of experimental data provided by collaborators at Penn State University reveals an unreconstructed Au(111) surface with the main feature being the relaxation of the top-most atomic layers, i.e. a variation in the interatomic distance between consecutive layers within the surface, as compared to the bulk interatomic distance. Understanding of the clean Au surface precedes future studies of the gold surface on which different species of atoms are adsorbed and expected to induce a reconstruction of the substrate.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 39

44 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: CFD Analysis of Wind Tunnel Blockage

Advisor(s): Jed E. Marquart, Ph.D., P. E. Biography: My name is Jeff Carter, and I’m currently a Senior at Ohio Northern University. I’m currently pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering and intend to graduate in May, 2011. I was born and raised in Wilmington, Ohio, and went to Wilmington High School. As a child, I grabbed every Lego and K-Nex set I could and would spend hours constructing and deconstructing my creations. Upon entering high school, I became increasingly aware of my fondness of the math and sciences and the potential to be an engineer. Accordingly, I took every possible course in math and science at my high school. When I ran out of classes my senior year, I spent over an hour and a half each day driving to the University of Dayton and back to take Post-Secondary classes. I chose mechanical engineering because it opened up more doors than any other major. Although I don’t have any specific plans after graduation, I am considering graduate school or finding a job in industry.

Abstract: Although the Navier-Stokes equations and its subsequent simplifications have been around for a while, the ability to solve them with a computer is relatively new. As computing power has increased, it has allowed Computational Fluid Dynamics to become more dynamic and accurate. The ability to simulate fluid flow and its interactions with boundaries has limitless potential and applications. There are several reasons why CFD has an advantage over experimental testing: there is no need for a physical model or prototype to construct, the cost is almost always cheaper, and there is more data generation in one test run (velocity, density and pressure at every grid point.) However, there is constant discussion as to which one is better or should be used in certain situations. This experiment examines a common wind tunnel effect through CFD analysis.

When experiments are performed inside of a wind tunnel there are certain considerations that must be made. Among them is the blockage factor. Wind tunnel experiments can be altered and less accurate if the blockage factor is not represented in the results. The purpose of this project is to numerically examine wind tunnel flow blockage by comparing the CFD’s resulting values (i.e. coefficient of drag) to previous experimental or analytical published results for a given geometry inside a wind tunnel. This will be accomplished using CFD software: Pointwise, Cobalt, and Fieldview.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 40 45 Status: Senior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Football Robotics

Advisor(s): Jed E. Marquart, Ph.D., P. E. Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 academic year. I graduated from Anna High School in Western Ohio. I am currently an Electrical Engineering major at Ohio Northern University. I have been interested in science and engineering since middle school when I attended a summer camp for girls in engineering, math and science (GEMS) at Ohio Northern. In high school I got involved in Science Olympiad, where I began work in robotics. I have also always enjoyed working with my hands, a trait I feel I got from my grandpa. I used to spend weeks during the summer with my grandpa, who is a blacksmith and he taught me how to make things work in his metal shop. These experiences led me to the field of engineering. I chose the electrical discipline because of my interest in sound and lighting technologies used in the performing arts. I have been particularly fond of the design and application of robotics and was excited when I got the opportunity to work with them as a senior design project. The past two years I have held a co-op position with American Electric Power where I have gained knowledge of what it is like to work as an engineer in today’s world. After graduation I hope to find a position as a power or robotics engineer.

Abstract: This project objective was to design three robots that are able to function as football players. A quarterback, wide receiver, and a center were designed by a group of nine team members. The University of Notre Dame started this senior capstone project two years ago and has hosted the event each year. Notre Dame asked Ohio Northern to be a part of the event and the robots created by both colleges will participate in a robot football game of eight on eight. Each football player must fit in a 16 x 16 x 24 inch box prior to each play. Once play has initiated, each robot may extend arms, nets, or projections to aid in offense or defense. Each robot will be powered by a 24V drive train, but separate batteries can be used to power the arms or throwing mechanisms. Each robot will have an accelerometer with an LED light attached to the top of the robot. If a robot is hit with such a force as to exceed the allowable tolerance of the accelerometer, the robot will be considered tackled and shut down for 2 seconds. Designated PIC Microcontrollers will be used to communicate between robot and controller. Each player must participate in the competition Combine, which is a series of capability tests including: Maintenance Test, Speed Test, Controllability Test, Positioning Test, Throwing Precision Test, Handoff Test, and Player Weight Test. During the game points are awarded for touchdowns, field goals, and for each pass completed.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 42

46 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Path Following Algorithm Development

Advisor(s): Dr. David Mikesell Biography: I am currently a Senior Mechanical Engineer at Ohio Northern University. Math and science were always the subjects I enjoyed most in school growing up, which made mechanical engineering the most obvious choice for me. When I got to school, I immediately joined the AIAA, and ever since I have wanted to pursue a career in Aeronautics. The past two summers I have interned at the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. My projects have included work on micro air vehicles and autonomous vehicles. My work there has inspired me to pursue a graduate degree.

In addition I have had several years experience with undergraduate research at ONU. The first couple years was based around Computational Fluid Dynamics. Most recently I have been doing working with PLC code. These opportunities have given me a broad range of experience helping me to better determine what type of career path I would like to follow.

Abstract: Currently, a senior design team at Ohio Northern University is working on developing an autonomous golf cart. Part of this process is developing a path following algorithm for the golf cart. The algorithm needs to fit into the scope of the project however. This project is meant to supply a modular platform for future groups or classes can expand upon the design from this year’s team. Therefore the algorithm picked needs to be relatively simple to grasp, but also still able to successfully maneuver the cart to its specifications. My goal is to research numerous algorithms in order to best choose one that fits into the goals of the golf cart project.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 8th Congressional Representative(s): John A. Boehner 43

47 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: SAE Aero Competition Improvements

Advisor(s): Jed E. Marquart, Ph.D., P.E. Biography: I am currently a Senior Mechanical Engineering major at Ohio Northern University. Ever since I was a child, I have been fascinated with flight. My grandfather owned a Piper Arrow and continuously immersed me with stories of his flight experiences. Unfortunately he passed away before he ever had the chance to bring me flying, but he did manage to pass his passion for flight on to me. Because of him I have grown up building and flying R/C airplanes and helicopters, and hope to eventually get a personal pilot’s license.

While in college I have taken on leadership positions in our school’s AIAA Chapter as Design Build Fly Team Leader in 2008-09, as Lead Manufacturing Engineer in the 2009-10 SAE Aero competition, and as Project Manager for the 2010-11 SAE Aero Competition. I am obsessed with seeing projects through from concept to reality and enjoy the leadership challenges involved. I am also an active member of our rapidly improving SAE Baja team that has had several podium finishes in non-sanctioned races.

The past two summers I had the opportunity to intern with Westinghouse Nuclear, where I focused on the thermal-hydraulic analysis of steam generators in nuclear power plants. I will be returning to Westinghouse this upcoming summer as a full- time employee. I hope to further my education while at Westinghouse and pursue an MBA. My dream is to eventually start an engineering firm of my own.

Abstract: The Society of Automotive Engineers holds a series of collegiate competitions designed to give students a chance to apply their newfound engineering knowledge to “real world” challenges. One such competition that I have grown particularly fond of is the SAE Aero competition. The object of the competition is to lift as much weight as possible under the constraints designated in the rules. Some of the constraints include: set take-off and landing distances, length, width and height limits, material restrictions, and the use of a standard unmodified engine.

Our team’s major design goals for this year’s aircraft are to reduce the weight to less than 10lbs, simplify the construction process, and increase the accessibility. Material testing will be performed experimentally and computationally in an attempt to lower the aircraft weight. The accessibility issue will be addressed by placing all serviceable components in centralized locations, and by creating large access panels. Lastly, the construction process will be streamlined by implementing DFM and DFA engineering principles, and by fully utilizing what modern technology has to offer.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 44

48 Status: Junior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Ground Effects on a Wing

Advisor(s): Jed E. Marquart, Ph.D., P.E. Biography: My hometown is Barberton, Ohio, where I graduated from Barberton High School and participated in varsity . I am currently an Ohio Space Grant Consortium Scholar of the 2010-2011 academic year, and I am attending Ohio Northern University where I am studying Mechanical Engineering. My interest for aerospace began in my childhood when I would be a passenger on an aircraft and, while in flight, I would bother the stranger next to me, not for a video game, but to see the wing out the window of the aircraft. I was astonished that such a structure could indeed have its extraordinary capabilities. Since then I have paid attention to the aerospace world around me, still astonished as if I was fighting the stranger to look out the window. Because of this, I enjoy learning new things through research in the field of aerospace and believe that there is much more to learn. After receiving my undergraduate degree, I plan on pursuing a graduate degree in Aerospace Engineering with a concentration in Aerodynamics.

Abstract: When an aircraft descends for a landing it experiences ground effects. One of these effects is known as the wing in ground effect. This occurs when the aircraft becomes a distance equal to its wingspan away from the ground. At this point the aircraft experiences a decrease in drag and as it approaches one half its wingspan the effect multiplies. I plan on researching the variation of drag and lift due to ground effect as an aircraft descends for a landing. My variation of parameters will come from different angles of attacks and different heights from the ground.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 13th Congressional Representative(s): Betty Sutton 45

49 Status: Junior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Commercial UAV Autopilot Testing and Test Bed Development

Advisor(s): Dr. Michael Braasch Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant recipient. I call Albany, Ohio, my hometown, where I graduated from Alexander High school. I am attending Ohio University to study Electrical Engineering with a Minor in math. I became interested in Engineering because of my father, who is also in the Electrical Engineering field. I obtained the rank of Eagle Scout in February, 2008, after 11 years in Scouts. I am interested in GPS technologies and commercial applications of accurate GPS. I currently work as a student research intern at Ohio University Avionics Engineering Center doing research with small scale UAS. After obtaining my bachelors’ degree I plan on attending graduate school at Ohio University.

Abstract: There are many commercial uses for small scale Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in domestic airspace. Before UAS can be permitted into airspace over populated areas they must be proven safe and reliable. There are many concerns to be addressed with UAS in commercial airspace. They need to be able to accurately follow a flight path, and sense and avoid obstacles that they might encounter. They need to be able to do these tasks reliably and efficiently. There are several commercial-off-the-shelf autopilots available that have a wide variety of capabilities. As a start to testing these commercial- off-the-shelf autopilots a test bed is needed. After development of the initial test bed, testing of a low cost commercial-off- the-shelf autopilot will begin. The functionality and reliability of the unit was tested as well as the failsafe sensors built into the system.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 46

50 Status: Junior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: High-Cost Autopilot and Certificate of Authorization Process

Advisor(s): Dr. Michael Braasch Biography: My hometown is Athens, Ohio, where I graduated from Athens High School in 2008. I am currently going to Ohio University as an undergraduate student in Electrical Engineering. I am working toward minors in Computer Science and Mathematics. I am currently working at the Avionics Engineering Center at Ohio University doing research in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). After I obtain my degree, I hope to obtain a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering.

Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are becoming commonplace in the military, but they have yet to reach their potential in commercial airspace. Before putting UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS), verification of their safety is required. While much of the focus has been on sensing an object, there has been less emphasis on avoiding it. The purpose of the project is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a high-cost autopilot and determine possible problems when putting a small scale UAS containing a high-cost autopilot into the National Air Space system. I will also discuss the process of the FAA’s Certificate of Authorization as well as its strengths and weaknesses.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 47

51 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Augmentation of the DME Signal Format for Possible APNT Applications

Advisor(s): Dr. Michael DiBenedetto Biography: I am a recipient of the 2010-2011 Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship. Born and raised in Athens, Ohio, I graduated from Alexander High School in neighboring Albany, Ohio. I am currently a dual engineering major, pursuing undergraduate degrees in both Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at Ohio University.

During my time at Ohio University I have been an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Mechanical Engineering Student Advisory Board, as well as a participant in the College’s Robe Leadership Institute. Outside of class and my extracurricular activities I have worked as an engineering assistant for the Ohio University Avionics Engineering Center, working on various radio navigation grants and projects. After graduation I plan on pursuing a career where I can apply my interests in aviation or mechatronics.

Abstract: A need has been identified for an alternative means for position, navigation, and timing functionality not dependent on satellite based systems. A current proposal is to augment the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) uplink/downlink signal format to provide data and timing functionality. Any augmentations made to the current signal scheme must be transparent to current end-users. This project will strive to develop a laboratory test setup to investigate the interoperability of the phase modulated DME signal format augmented to provide data/timing functionality with existing standard DME ground and airborne equipment. Following the development of the test setup, a report that documents the work performed and results observed will be generated.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 48

52 Status: Senior, Astrophysics Research Topic: Determining the Rotation Rates of Near-Earth Asteroids

Advisor(s): Dr. Thomas S. Statler Biography: My name is Kevin Sweeney, and I am a senior studying Astrophysics at Ohio University. I chose astronomy because I want to be a part of this field that is attempting to answer the universe’s biggest, seemingly unanswerable questions. As I progressed through my coursework, I discovered my fascination with objects that are close to home. Since then I have focused on studying the bodies of the Solar System. I have been involved with an observational campaign concentrated on determining the rotation rates of Near-Earth Asteroids for the last couple of years. My other research experience at OU was contributing to a piece of software used by researchers to model the relativistic radiative jets of Active Galactic Nuclei.

In addition to my studies, I also play volleyball for the Ohio University club team, which I was Vice President of last year. I am also a member of our department’s chapter of the Society of Physics Students.

I expect to graduate in June. 2011, after which I hope to continue studying the Solar System at graduate school in the Planetary Sciences.

Abstract: Recent studies on the distribution of asteroid rotation rates have yielded exciting results about their structure and behavior. It is important to observe as many of these objects as possible so that the statistics of the population may be accurately determined. In this talk, I present the results of our team’s observational campaign focused on small (less than 150 meters in diameter) Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs).

At Ohio University, we repeatedly measure the brightness of an NEA for a typical duration of about 4 hours. These observations result in what is called a “light curve” – a plot of the brightness as it changes over time. Ideally, the light curve will have a periodicity equal to the rotation period of the asteroid. At the time of writing, our team has successfully observed and determined light curves for 96 NEAs over a 5-year period, of which I have been involved for the last 18 months. Light curve analysis and period determination is still ongoing.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 49

53 Status: Senior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Galvanic Corrosion of Metals

Advisor(s): Dr. Nathan Ida Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. My hometown is Mayfield, Ohio, and I am a graduate of Regina High School in South Euclid, Ohio. I plan to graduate from The University of Akron in May, 2011, with my Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and a minor in Applied Mathematics.

As an undergraduate, I have spent four summers and two semesters at the NASA Glenn Research Center researching the design of Power Systems for space applications. Among my numerous assignments as a NASA intern and co-op student, I have worked on battery management systems, battery characterization and modeling, and electronic test load designs. In addition, I’ve had the opportunity to work on researching system health monitoring strategies and sensors for corrosion applications through the University of Akron’s Corrosion Engineering Program. All of my engineering work experiences have helped me to discover my interest in Power Electronics and my passion for research. After graduating with my undergraduate degree, I plan on attending graduate school this fall to earn a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering or Engineering Management.

Abstract: A 2001 report to the Federal Highway Administration noted that the direct costs of corrosion to the U. S. economy represents 3.2 percent of the U. S. Gross Domestic Product, or about $279 billion annually. The report concluded that corrosion has a major impact on the U. S. industrial complex and associated infrastructure as well as an adverse effect on industrial productivity, international competitiveness and security. To address the growing need for corrosion management in performance assessment and systems health monitoring, the University of Akron formed an undergraduate degree program in Corrosion Engineering.

One specific research goal of the Corrosion Engineering program is to understand the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the corrosion of metals. To understand if electromagnetic waves have an effect on the corrosion rate in metals, an exhaustive literature search was performed on relevant and related issues. Based on the results of the literature search, an experimental setup was developed. Preliminary test samples consist of aluminum coupled with steel in corrosion accelerating environments. Samples were placed near a transmission line operating at 80 MHz. By comparing the samples along the length of the transmission line and using control samples, the results of the experimental study will be analyzed. Further research will then be performed on the same metal couplings at higher frequencies and on other metal couplings

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 57

54 Status: Junior, Aerospace Systems and Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Sustainable Solar-Powered Fixed Wing Flight

Advisor(s): Dr. Tom Hartley Biography: An Ohio native, born and raised in Akron, I grew up in a household where my parents taught me that only through hard work, dedication and passion could dreams and goals be achieved. From a young age, I decided that I would one day be an engineer. My fascination with the world around me inspired me to work towards this and many other goals. Flight has always been a personal interest and passion of mine and one way or another I will one day fly. I am also very interested in new, innovative, and clean energy production and/or utilization. I graduated an Honors student from Revere High School. I lettered in football and track, participated in numerous art shows, and enjoyed volunteering as a youth and powder-puff football coach. I am currently a third year junior at the University of Akron studying both Aerospace Systems and Mechanical Engineering. The Aerospace Systems Engineering program is new to the University of Akron, and I am proud to say that I am the first student to attempt to go through this new engineering program with the confidence that it will help me to reach my goal of being a great engineer. I am participating in the five year engineering undergraduate education program with cooperative education. Presently, I am working in a co-op as a student research and development engineer for Goodrich Corporation’s Sensors and Integrated Systems. I am a dedicated veteran member of The University of Akron SAE program (Society of Automotive Engineers). Freshman year a participated as a member of both the SAE Formula Design Team and Aero Design Team. Now I am a three year veteran and acting Treasurer of the SAE Aero Design Team. Being of Hispanic descendance, I am very intrigued by my ethnic culture and want to help other perspective engineers of a minority status. I am an active member of the IDEAs program (Increasing Diversity in Engineering Academics) and Treasurer of the new SHPE (Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers) chapter. Some of my hobbies include exercising (lifting weight, calisthenics, running, etc.), listening/playing music, photography, drawing, watching movies, cooking, and learning/trying new things. My family is a central part of my life, and I hope to one day live up to the lessons and opportunities they have given me by helping to do some good for the world. Abstract: Solar power is arguably the most abundant natural resource that can be utilized as an energy source. The problems that come with using solar energy have to do with cost, the space required by solar panels, interference of the weather, and our lack of the ability to store solar light energy. My research consists of analyzing the abilities of a fully solar- powered fixed wing aircraft by incorporating solar cells into the aircrafts structures and payload. I will be comparing plane size to required thrust to required energy production by the solar cells. Cost-effectiveness and usability will also be addressed. Different types of solar cells will be researched to find the most efficient and capable of powering a given sized aircraft. The main goal of this research will be to determine if sustainable solar-powered flight can be attained and used viably in many different applications in everyday life. Written programs as well as lab testing of solar cells, aircraft structures (such as airfoils), and motors will allow me to collect and compare data to come to a rough conclusion, of which I can present. If my research shows that sustainable, usable, cost-effective, solar-powered flight is possible, then it could be said that solar power can be used as a cleaner, more abundant energy source in different flight dependent applications instead of fossil fuels.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 13th Congressional Representative(s): Betty Sutton 58

55 Status: Junior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Fluid Flow Analysis for Propulsive SAE Baja Fenders

Advisor(s): Dr. Richard Gross Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 academic school year. My hometown is Massillon, Ohio, where I graduated from Jackson High School. I am currently a Mechanical Engineering major at The University of Akron. From a young age I have had a passion for all things mechanical. When I was only five years of age, I disassembled my father’s circular saw. My parents were aware of my natural talents with mechanical objects and felt that I needed a better opportunity to enhance my skills. They have always been supportive in all my endeavors so I transferred to Jackson High School in my sophomore year so that I could participate in their automotive program. From that experience I discovered that I should continue to reach for higher goals so I enrolled at the University of Akron in 2007 to become a Mechanical Engineer. For the past year I have been a member of the SAE Baja Team. There I was challenged to design fenders that will propel a vehicle on water. After graduation I intend to further my education by returning for my Master’s in Business Administration and Mechanical Engineering. I aspire to become a Professional Engineer and eventually work my way into upper management of an engineering company.

Abstract: Every year for SAE Baja there are three competitions. One of these requires the Baja car to float and accelerate on water. To achieve this there needs to be a propulsion device. The most commonly thought of device would be a propeller, but in this case a propeller is not a practical option. Since the driving force on a car is the wheels, we will utilize them along with modified fenders. I began my research by reviewing prior designs in order to avoid previous errors and to obtain a basic understanding of where to begin. I met with my advisor, Dr. Gross, to discuss ideas of how to propel the vehicle. We concluded that fenders modified with paddles would create the best results. From this I made a 3D model of the fender and the wheel in Solid Works. I tested multiple designs in Solid Works Simulations until I maximized the efficiency of the fenders. They will be tested in real world applications later this year at the Baja competition.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 16th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Renacci 59

56 Status: Senior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: Digital Image Correlation

Advisor(s): Dr. Joan Carletta Biography: Nearing the completion of my undergraduate career as a computer engineering major, at The University of Akron; I often marvel at how much I've matured and learned over the past few years. I became seriously interested in engineering due to influences during high school engineering classes, as well as many social contacts and mentors. The problem solving nature of engineering, as well as the subsequent requirement to think differently, complements my personal nature. Additionally, I enjoy working with my hands, as such; I will often opt for the do-it-yourself (DIY) route, despite it being more challenging or costly. The supporting philosophy is that by learning how to do something thoroughly and un- abstracted, I can improve my higher level understanding, as well as use the learned techniques in future endeavors. Always open to gaining experience, and a challenge; the many projects I have done over the years serve to illustrate my personality and strong motivation. Some of these projects included a pumpkin catapult, a large computer controlled wood router (CNC machine), a CNC engraving machine, a thermal experiment test rig and data logger, and countless software projects (both personal and professional).

Now is an interesting and somewhat pressing time in my career and life. As my undergraduate career is heading toward its close, many questions arise as to where to go next. Graduate school is definitely a possibility, having been determined to go since before beginning my undergraduate work. However, other factors have arisen which serve to obfuscate which direction to go after graduation. In the long term, I do intend to obtain a higher level degree, however; when, where, and in what field of research, are yet to be determined.

Abstract: Working with my advisor Dr. Carletta, in conjunction with an electrical engineering graduate student, I became involved in an ongoing research project for developing an embedded machine vision based – displacement sensing system. The intent of the project was to broaden my experience working with embedded computer systems, Linux / UNIX system programming, and machine vision systems and algorithms. My part in the research project is to aid in the hardware and software implementation of the sensing system on an embedded computer. Additionally, I am to be involved with the implementation and optimization of various machine vision algorithms required to allow for the detection of particle or pixel displacement in a live stream of images of a composite material test specimen, or a moving marked target (in this case, painted markings on a model, or actual bridge) The overall project is a coordinated effort between the electrical and civil engineering departments at the University of Akron. The end result of the research and engineering work I will be doing with Dr. Carletta and her graduate student will be an embedded image displacement sensing system, possibly specialized for one or the other of the aforementioned applications, but ideally capable of being generalized to be reused in any application where a dedicated vision-based displacement sensor is required.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 60

57 Status: Junior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Sustainable Transportation

Advisor(s): Dr. Tom Hartley Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010- 2011 school year. My hometown is Cleveland, Ohio, where I graduated from John Hay High School. I am currently attending The University of Akron majoring in Electrical Engineering. My research on electric vehicles has been a passion of mine for a while. When I was younger my father and I would always work on cars together, as I got older I began to get interested in technology. This type of research is a hybrid of both my passions into one great opportunity. Working with Dr. Hartley I have expanded my knowledge about electric vehicles and the importance of batteries and the evolution of battery technologies. Along with my research I am co- oping with a local electric car company where I am receiving great hands on experience with electric vehicles as well as the importance of batteries and properly managing them. I feel that this research along with my experiences will assist me in the development of new electric vehicles or more applicable solutions for alternative energy transportation.

Abstract: The present study examines how efficient the new types of personal transportation are and how applicable they are in everyday life urban settings with all types of weather conditions. The personal transportation has to get the individual and there load across medium to short distances efficiently and earth friendly. By doing background research on multiple vehicles and taking data collections. With the collected data make metrics for comparison. Comparing different aspects of the vehicles performance, that being distance traveled, recharge time, weight, speed, and cost. After making charts and tables to analyze the collected data a vehicle will be chosen with the best metrics that will perform the best under the given conditions. After the vehicle is chosen it will undergo numerous test and multiple calculations will be performed to verify the marketed performance of the vehicle. After all the calculations have been made and the marketed claims have been made or disproved suggestions will be made to improve the vehicles performance. Different methods of improvement are being considered such as replacing batteries or solar charging methods.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 61

58 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Dr. Jie Zheng

Advisor(s): Inhibition of Amyloid Beta 1-42 Peptide Aggregation Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. I have been researching the inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-42 peptide aggregation with Dr. Jie Zheng. I grew up in the small town of Carrollton, Ohio. It was my calculus teacher at Carrollton High School, Mrs. Hutson, who first suggested engineering as a possible career choice. After doing some shadowing at NASA Glenn Research Center and visiting some colleges, I realized that chemical engineering was perfectly suited to my passions for math, science and problem solving. I am now in my final semester at The University of Akron. Upon graduation, I will be working for Dow Chemical Company in Seadrift, Texas. In a few years, I plan to further my education with either a Master’s or Doctoral Degree.

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects an estimated 5.2 million Americans and is the seventh-leading cause of death. A neuropathological hallmark of AD is the formation of insoluble amyloid plaques in the human brain caused by the misfolding and self-assembly of the 39- to 43- residue-long amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 are formed from the proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases, and are the most abundant and most toxic species in the plaques, respectively. It is believed that soluble Aβ oligomers (i.e. intermediate species), rather than monomers (initial species) and insoluble mature fibrils (final species), are major toxic agents responsible for synaptic dysfunction in the brains of AD’s patients. Due to highly hydrophobic nature of Aβ and characteristic cross-β structure in Aβ oligomers/fibrils, the promising Aβ inhibitors should have the following chemical structures/groups to interfere with Aβ aggregation: (1) short sequences (less than 14 residues or groups) for uncomplicated synthesis and characterization, (2) aromatic groups that can be used to form “aromatic ladder” or “hydrophobic stacking” with aromatic residues (Phe, Trp, Pro, and His), and (3) N-methyl amino acids or ester bonds to block hydrogen bonding within a β-sheet. We examined the efficacy of inhibitors against prevention of formation of highly ordered aggregates and ability to disassemble highly ordered aggregates already formed. The results were analyzed using a fluorescence spectrometer and atomic force microscope.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 18th Congressional Representative(s): Bob Gibbs 63

59 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Super Super-hydrophobic Surface Creation on Stainless Steel Using Using Fluorocarbon Based Organosilane Coatings for Corrosion Prevention Advisor(s): Dr. Bi-Min Newby Biography: I am currently a Senior at The University of Akron majoring in Chemical Engineering. As a Chemical Engineering major, I am extremely interested in the study of surfaces, especially corrosion and prevention of corrosion. I am involved with the Women in Engineering program and the IDEAs program at the University. I plan to continue my education at The University of Akron, as I have been accepted into the MS/BS program in Chemical Engineering. I will begin taking classes toward my Master’s Degree in the Fall, 2011.

I am also currently working at NASA Glenn Research Center under the direction of Janet Hurst. The research I am assisting on is the synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes, as well as initial testing of their hydrogen storage capabilities and possible composite material applications. Great progress has been made in understanding their growth mechanism and we are excited to begin hydrogen storage testing.

Abstract: Corrosion is an over $400 billion per year problem in the United States. Efforts have been made to create alloys that resist corrosion. Stainless steel (SS) is one of these alloys. However, even stainless steel can become corroded over time. This corrosion can be in the form of anodic/cathodic, pitting, and crevice corrosion. All types create problems in industrial, commercial, and military applications.

A further step in corrosion protection may be the modification of surfaces, already categorized as having good corrosion protection, with organosilane coatings. Organosilane coatings have the ability to create a hydrophobic “barrier” between the substrate and the corrosive fluidic, hence reducing the direct interactions of the fluidic with the metal surface. Previous research done on SS and other metallic substrates has proven to produce extremely high water contact angles, i.e., super- hydrophobic (water contact angles > 150°) coatings, on these metal surfaces to render the surfaces basically non-wettable by water. Adding corrosion prevention to this would be a desirable coating property, since corrosion is a large problem in many of the aforementioned applications.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 13th Congressional Representative(s): Betty Sutton 64

60 Status: Senior, Biomedical Engineering Research Topic: Novel Anti-cancer Selective Enzyme Inhibitors

Advisor(s): Dr. Weiping Zheng Biography: I am a Senior majoring in Biomedical Engineering-Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Track, and I have a minor in Chemistry. Being in the Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Track has allowed me to learn about and explore my interest in the medical field, which prompted me to follow the path to medical school. I have been able to further explore my interest by conducting research with Dr. Weiping Zheng on novel anti-cancer selective enzyme inhibitors at The University of Akron. This experience drove me to conduct research at Summa Health System under the Summa Summer Research Fellowship program on zosteric acid as a novel method for the prevention of post-surgical adhesions.

In the future I would love to combine my passion for medicine with my biomedical engineering knowledge along with my fluency in Portuguese and Spanish due to my South American background. I also take great interest in playing sports such as soccer and football and in playing Brazilian musical instruments.

Abstract: Abdominal adhesions are fibrous bands that form when injury to the peritoneum occurs, such as in surgery. The incidence of adhesions is 90% in gynecological surgeries and 97% in general surgery laparotomy procedures [Fox Ray 1994; Ellis et al. 1999]. The complications include chronic pain, infertility, and small bowel and intestinal obstruction. Injury to the peritoneum causes protein-rich, serosanguineous fluid to cover the injured area. Adhesions will form between peritoneal surfaces that come into contact while covered in this protein-rich fluid [El-Mowafi and Diamon 2003]. Zosteric acid has been shown to be an effective, non-toxic anti-foulant that prevents the attachment of organisms to surfaces [Barrios et al. 2005; Ram et al. 2010]. As a result, the non-toxicity of zosteric acid will be pursued so that it may be used as an anti-foulant in order to prevent abdominal adhesions from forming. This will be accomplished by synthesizing zosteric acid using a novel method. Cytotoxicity will be assessed using mouse L929 fibroblast cell cultures.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 65

61 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Production of Electricity by Pressure Retarded Osmosis

Advisor(s): Dr. Glenn Lipscomb Biography: I am an undergraduate Senior at The University of Toledo majoring in Chemical Engineering with a minor in Chemistry. I am from Sylvania, Ohio, and graduated from Sylvania Northview High School in 2007 where I was inspired to further pursue chemistry by my Advanced Placement teacher, Mr. Andrew Roth. Currently, I work as a co-op at Sunoco, Inc., in Toledo, Ohio. My position there has been challenging as well as rewarding, and as a result I have become passionate about the energy industry. In my free time I volunteer as a Girl Scout troop leader and participate in many engineering groups, including Omega Chi Epsilon, a Chemical Engineering Honors fraternity. I also enjoy horseback riding, painting, and running. Upon graduation from college this May, I will be relocating to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma to work full time as a midstream engineer for Chesapeake Energy, a natural gas company.

Abstract: Reverse osmosis is commonly used to purify salt water in industry. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly dependent on its concentration and temperature. In reverse osmosis, a semi-permeable membrane prevents transfer of large molecules and ions, such as salt, and allows pure water to pass through. Due to osmotic pressure differences, the concentrated, salty side of the membrane must be pressurized to allow pure water to pass from higher to lower concentration.

Pressure retarded osmosis is similar to reverse osmosis; however, pure water is allowed to pass naturally from low to high salt concentration. If two fluids having different salt concentrations are at the same temperature, the more concentrated fluid has a higher osmotic pressure. Consequently, as pure water flows across the semi-permeable membrane to dilute the more concentrated side, the pressure of that side increases.

Similarly, if two solutions of the same concentration are at different temperatures, pure water will travel across the membrane from lower to higher temperature, due to the greater osmotic pressure of a high temperature solution. If this is allowed to happen, the greater temperature solution will pressurize. This pressure can be let down through a turbine to create electricity.

The goal of my research is to experimentally analyze parameters such as temperature, concentration, and pressure on a pressure retarded osmosis system and propose a viable design for in home use. Cooling and heating can be achieved using underground coils and rooftop solar tubing, respectively, and a membrane cell could operate continuously to provide electricity. The result would be a completely renewable and environmentally friendly energy source independent of petroleum products.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 67

62 Status: Senior, Civil Engineering Research Topic: EPA Stormwater Management for Small Municipalities

Advisor(s): Dr. Cyndee Gruden, PH.D, P.E. and Dr. Douglas Nims, PH.D, P.E. Biography: Ms. Kimberly Coburn will be graduating with Honors from The University of Toledo in the Spring of 2011 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering and a minor in Astrophysics. She is currently taking graduate classes focusing on sustainability, environmental engineering, and structural mechanics and plans to continue studying for her Master’s Degree in the Fall. She has completed co-ops or internships with the City of Toledo, Detroit Edison, and Poggemeyer Design Group.

The co-op with the City of Toledo, which is similar to the proposed research, focused on the analysis and inventory of Downtown Toledo infrastructure using their geographical information systems (GIS) database. During her work, she also added their best management practices (BMPs), which are used in inventory water quality devices, for their storm water management database.

Abstract: In 1987, congress amended the Clean Water Act to require the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Phase I of this endeavor focused on municipalities that were greater than 100,000 people. Now, the EPA has started implementation of Phase II which focuses on the requirements for smaller municipalities in order to qualify for their NPDES Permit. The requirements for the permit include public education, public involvement, illicit discharge detection, construction site runoff, and pollution prevention.

The primary goal of this research is to develop an innovative model that can be used by small municipalities in order to meet the current and future EPA expectations, specifically in regard to illicit discharge detection. This requires mapping all of the storm water infrastructure and implementation of a plan to detect and address non-storm water discharges.

This research will include several different case studies of medium and small municipalities that will provide a variety of detailed options in order to comply with the NPDES Permit. One municipality that will be used is the Village of Ottawa Hills, which has generously provided their records for the project. Through the use of state-of-the-art mapping software and surveying equipment, the resulting product will be a guide for a comprehensive and accurate interactive digital map that can be shared between several levels of government.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 68

63 Status: Senior, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Research Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Using In-situ Polymerization

Advisor(s): Dr. Maria Coleman Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for 2010–2011. I am from Northwood, Ohio, and graduated from Cardinal Stritch High School. I am a Chemical Engineering major at The University of Toledo. I have known for a long time that I wanted to become an engineer; my father is an engineer, my brother has an engineering degree, and I have uncles who are engineers. I liked how chemical engineering was a great mix of chemistry and mathematics, so it seemed like a good fit. I have been doing research with Dr. Maria Coleman for over a year working on polycarbonate synthesis and characterization. I started off working on bio-based polycarbonates, but my current research has led me into polycarbonate nanocomposites. After receiving my degree I wish to attend graduate school to obtain a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering. After that I would like to do research in an industrial setting, preferably in the energy sector.

Abstract: Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is a commercially important thermoplastic polymer, widely used because of its favorable thermal and mechanical properties as well as its optical transparency. While PC has very attractive thermal- mechanical properties, improvement in impact resistance and tensile properties would expand potential applications for this material. So, it is practical to research ways to improve upon its already inherent qualities. An in-situ polymerization was used to synthesize the PC in the presence of alumina nanowhiskers and carbon nanofibers to produce a high loading master batch. Films were produced by blending the master batch with pure polycarbonate to investigate the effect of loadings on mechanical properties. The nanomaterials were incorporated into the backbone of the polymer to produce a nanofiber reinforced polycarbonate. The alumina nanowhiskers and carbon nanofibers showed good dispersion throughout the polymer matrix, but the nanocomposite showed a decrease in optical transparency. However, there was an improvement in tensile properties—i.e., the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus—for nanocomposites using in-situ polymerization blending as compared to pure polycarbonate.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 71

64 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Auxetic Composite Materials

Advisor(s): Dr. Lesley M. Berhan Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010–2011 school year. My hometown is Perrysburg, Ohio, where I graduated from Perrysburg High School. I am currently a Mechanical Engineering major at The University of Toledo. I’ve had an appreciation of science since a very young age, and this appreciation grew from grade school, into high school and led to my college career. This, combined with my natural knack for mechanics, drew me to Mechanical Engineering. Over the past four years, I have been involved with research, starting the summer of my freshmen year. I have found research to be an exceptional experience in my education and very rewarding. Indeed, my time spent in labs has only served to confirm my love of mechanical engineering and has assured me that I am on my right track. After receiving my undergraduate degree, I plan to pursue a Master's Degree.

Abstract: In theory a material with a negative Poisson’s ratio (i.e. an auxetic material) has improved hardness, impact resistance, fracture toughness, and shear modulus over one with a positive Poisson’s ratio and the same Young’s modulus. The growing interest in the burgeoning field of auxetics is motivated by the attractive mechanical properties of these materials and the potential enhancements that can be derived from replacing a conventional positive Poisson’s ratio component with its unconventional auxetic counterpart. Experimental evidence of auxetic behavior in random fibrous architectures has been reported, but this class of auxetic materials remains largely under explored. In this project we explore the feasibility of developing auxetic fiber reinforced composites by embedding auxetic fiber networks within a conventional (i.e. positive Poisson’s ratio) matrix material is explored. The approach will be investigated through the fabrication and mechanical testing of composite samples. Compressed mats of sintered stainless steel fibers, which are known to have a negative Poisson’s ratio out-of-plane, will be used as the reinforcing phase. Several different polymeric materials will be used as matrix material in order to study the effect of the stiffness of the matrix relative to that of the reinforcing network on the auxetic behavior of the composite.

Publications: 1. Dwight K. Inkrott, Rachael L. Willingham, Tyler Balster, Yong X. Gan, Preparation and electrochemical catalytic property of Au–Ni alloy with porous structure, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online October 8, 2010.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 72

65 Status: Junior, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: Intelligent Algorithms for Maze Exploration and Exploitation

Advisor(s): Dr. Kelly Cohen Biography: My name is Sydney Barker, and I am currently a Junior in the Aerospace Engineering Program at the University of Cincinnati. I am also a member of the University of Cincinnati’s Varsity Women’s Soccer Team. I have always been strong in math and science throughout my educational career and have always had an interest in aviation and intelligence systems. The combination of my strengths and interests led me to pursue Aerospace Engineering. At the University of Cincinnati, I am apart of Emerging Ethnic Engineers (EEE), the National Foundation of Science (NSF S- STEM), and the Student-Athlete Advisory Committee (SAAC). I have earned a number of scholarships due to my academic performance. Some of these are the Engineering Scholastic Award, Emerging Ethnic Engineers Scholastic Award, Aerospace Engineering Scholarship, Glenn Stokes Scholarship, NSF S-STEM Scholarship, McNair Scholars Program, and the Ohio Space Grant Consortium. Upon finishing my undergraduate degree at the University of Cincinnati, I plan to pursue my Master’s or Doctorate Degree in Dynamics and Controls.

Abstract: The title of my research project is Intelligent Algorithms for Maze Exploration and Exploitation. The purpose of the project is to develop maze exploration algorithms for a multi-agent system that allows the agents to successfully navigate through an array of different mazes based on the game Theseus and the Minotaur. The mazes are created in MATLAB. Theseus and the Minotaur is a maze game in which Theseus tries to get to the exit of each maze without being eaten by the Minotaur. For every one move Theseus makes, the Minotaur can make two. The mazes become progressively harder as each maze is completed. A single intelligence system will be created using Fuzzy Logic. The intelligence system is made up of algorithms for the agents to use in order successfully traverse and solve the maze. One of the agents will represent Theseus and the other agent will represent the Minotaur. The Theseus agent will work to traverse the maze while avoiding the Minotaur agent. The Minotaur agent will work to navigate through the maze in order to catch the Theseus agent. The goal is to have the agents to traverse the maze and simulate the Theseus and the Minotaur game without any human interaction.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 1st Congressional Representative(s): Steve Chabot 73

66 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Counter-Spinning Carbon Nanotubes into Yarn

Advisor(s): Dr. Mark Schulz and Dr. Vesselin Shanov Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship Recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. My hometown is Fairview Park, Ohio. I graduated from St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio. I am currently a Mechanical Engineering major and am also completing an MBA. I have been designing and building everything from roller coasters and hovercraft to boats since I was six years old. An appreciation for science and desire for a hands-on career have drawn me to engineering. My work with Dr. Schulz and Dr. Shanov has helped broaden my horizons as an interdisciplinary engineer. I intend to continue my engineering education through graduate work with the final goal of completing a Ph.D.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have remarkable strength properties that have brought them to the forefront of material science. In addition to being incredibly strong, they are very light weight which makes them ideal for many structural applications. Unfortunately, the individual tubes have not been grown at lengths longer than 2cm. However, the individual tubes can be treated as fibers and spun like cotton to form macro-scale threads. One downfall to this method is the resulting internal torsion that is produced as a result of the twisting. Under tension, the threads tend to unwind unless both ends are fixed. We propose that introducing a counter-spin into the yarn by first spinning each individual thread in one direction then the spinning the bundle in the reverse direction will twist the threads together but result in a reduced internal torque in the yarn. This research explores the merit of these claims and tries to develop a reliable method of producing counter-spun yarn.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 76

67 Status: Senior, Physics Research Topic: Extrasolar Planet Study and Characterization with Precision Photometry

Advisor(s): Dr. Michael Sitko Biography: I am a Senior Astrophysics major at the University of Cincinnati. As an adult student transitioning from a career in astronomy education to astronomical research, I bring many years of experience as a planetarium director to my efforts in formal research. I’ve spent years creating films for state-of-the-art large format digitally driven immersive domes, and presenting the exciting discoveries of astronomy to the general public in places such as Pittsburgh, Boston, Florida and Kansas. As a researcher, I want to bring the public directly in contact with the amazing “golden age” of discovery that astronomy is now experiencing, especially the exponential growth in the discovery of planets outside of our solar system. I’ve been a NSF undergraduate research fellow at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tucson, Arizona, and I’m currently a NASA Student Ambassador.

Abstract: The discovery and characterization of planets around other stars has been a field of intense scientific study over the past two decades. To date, over 500 planets around other stars have been identified, revealing solar systems that differ from ours in dramatic ways, leading to a revolution in theories of planet formation and evolution

The first extrasolar planets were found with the technique of radial velocity measurements–measuring the subtle “wobble” imparted on a star, usually by a Jupiter-sized or larger planet orbiting very close to its star (known as a “Hot Jupiter”). More recently, the discovery of transiting planets–the slight dimming of a star’s light as a planet passes in front of its host star from Earth’s vantage point - has accelerated the discovery rate of exoplanets, and yielded tight constraints on their orbits, masses, and even atmospheric compositions. This is the method behind NASA’s current Kepler planet-finding satellite, slated to discover a thousand or more planets during its three-year mission.

With the recent technological advances in telescopes, software and CCD detectors, meaningful contributions to exoplanet science can be accomplished with modest equipment. Precision photometry–the precise measurement of the light curve of a star during a planet’s transit–-can be accomplished with readily available commercial CCD equipment and relatively small aperture telescopes.

We are currently re-commissioning the University of Cincinnati’s Observatory to conduct extrasolar planet research on a number of targets that are currently visible in the night sky. The Observatory, which is located on the main University of Cincinnati campus, currently houses a 14” LX-200 GPS pier-mounted computer controlled telescope. This grade of equipment has been shown to be capable of making the precise photometric measurements necessary to make significant contributions toward helping to characterize extrasolar planetary systems and the possible discovery of new planets. In addition to observations taken at the UC Observatory, additional telescopes located around the world from the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) and other sources will be remotely utilized to make observations and investigate other targets that are not visible from the Observatory due to location in the sky or local weather conditions.

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Congressional District(s): 2nd Congressional Representative(s): Jean Schmidt 77

68 Davin C. Flateau (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) In addition to publishing the scientific results from these studies, this project’s additional goal will be the production of a complete instructional website on how to perform extrasolar planet observing for secondary school teachers. This “how- to” manual will guide science teachers step-by-step on how high school students can directly participate in meaningful scientific research by engaging in extrasolar planet observations. The manual’s goal is to spread the excitement of science and astronomy to high school students at a point where many of them decide to enter careers in science and technology. It’s hoped that the manual will also multiply the number of observers making these types of observations, thereby covering more targets, and generating more data on objects that professional astronomers do not have the time or resources to study in detail.

Publications: None yet.

69 Status: Senior, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: Jet Exhaust Aeroacoustics and Correlating Flowfield

Advisor(s): Dr. Ephraim Gutmark Biography: Born and raised in Cincinnati, I quickly fell in love with what the city had to offer me, both in terms of education and potential careers. I knew from an early age that I had a passion for math and the sciences, thrived on problem solving, and eagerly sought after new challenges. Engineering seemed to be the only choice for my college pursuits, and the University of Cincinnati with its renowned Co-op program was an easy decision.

During my time at UC, I have completed five co-op rotations, totaling a year and a half, with General Electric Aviation. I have been fortunate to work in a variety of roles, everything from preliminary design to operations management and product support to detailed design and analysis. I am also pleased to say that I have accepted an offer to work for GE full-time starting next July as a part of their Edison Engineering Development Program. My diverse co-op rotations have helped teach me so much about the Aviation industry, processes, and technology. My experiences have also helped me to better identify my specific interests within engineering and reinforce my classroom education.

Last year I participated in the Senior Aircraft Design Series, with our team placing 2nd overall in the SAE Aero East Competition. I also completed two quarters of undergraduate research and presented my work at the Dayton-Cincinnati Aerospace Science Symposium. As an ACCEND student, I will graduate this year with both a Bachelors and Masters of Science in Aerospace Engineering. During my final year at UC I will complete my undergraduate and graduate coursework as well as perform my Master’s research in the field of aeroacoustics and write my thesis.

Abstract: There is a growing concern within the aviation industry to reduce the perceived noise from engine operation. While the specific mechanisms behind noise creation and propagation are not yet fully understood, it is well accepted that the source of noise is related to the shear interactions and the local Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) of the high-speed flow. As a result, the significant sources of noise within a flow occur where coherent structures, also called ‘organized structures’, are present. These coherent structures are known to be sources of high Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy, and thus play a crucial role in the mixing, development, and stability of the flow. As a result, these structures have a significant impact on the acoustic properties of the flowfield.

One method of mitigating the sound from jet engines involves using chevrons at the exit of the engine to control the development of coherent structures. Chevron nozzles are characterized by a series of triangular extrusions that circumferentially extend along the trailing edge of a nozzle. Chevrons work by using the velocity difference across the top and bottom of the chevron to generate counter-rotating vortices off the two edges of the chevron. These vortices increase the mixing rate in the shear layer, effectively decreasing the low-frequency noise created by the jet.

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Congressional District(s): 2nd Congressional Representative(s): Jean Schmidt 78

70 Danielle L. Grage (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) This research effort is studying the effect of using various chevron geometries, along with a baseline mixer, on the near- field and far-field acoustics through synthesizing the results from experimental methods, acoustic analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Further, it has observed that the mixer effectiveness deceases significantly for high values of Vmix and this study aims to identify the cause of this phenomenon. The outcome of this research, and increased understanding it provides, could have great impact to the field of engine acoustics, particularly with regard to mitigating the level of sound resulting from the jet exhaust.

Publications: None yet.

71 Status: Junior, Aerospace Engineering Research Topic: Bleed Hole Simulations for Mixed Compression Inlets

Advisor(s): Dr. Paul Orkwis Biography: I am currently a Junior in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. I am originally from Fremont, Ohio, where I graduated from Fremont Ross High School. Growing up, I was always curious about how things worked with a particular interest in aviation. In addition, I also had strong interests in math and science so when I chose to pursue engineering, the aerospace field was a natural draw for me. Since I began my education at the University of Cincinnati, I have completed four internships with Cornerstone Research Group in Dayton, Ohio, and I have also contributed to university research efforts at the Gas Turbine Simulation Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati. At Cornerstone Research Group, I worked as a Research Associate on the Aerosystems Team where I worked directly with many different areas of research including Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) design, high- efficiency vaneaxial fan design, deployable lunar habitat development, and composite systems. I was also involved in writing research proposals where I played a key role in winning a combined $1.5M in research funding. At the Gas Turbine Simulation Laboratory, I currently work with Dr. Paul Orkwis and Dr. Mark Turner as a Student Researcher where I perform 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using the OVERFLOW code. I am involved in all levels of the simulation process from designing the simulation to interpreting the results. In March, I will be traveling to Germany to work with NUMECA in Nuremberg for six months on an international internship. I will be graduating with my Bachelor’s Degree in June of 2012 and am considering pursuing a Master’s Degree. Apart from my education, I enjoy the outdoors and frequently go hunting and fishing. I also enjoy playing the piano and help support my education expenses by playing piano part-time at a restaurant on Saturday nights. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to simulate Bleed Holes in Mixed-Compression Inlets to support the development of the next generation of supersonic flight vehicles. In supersonic aircraft, the air that enters an engine must be handled properly so that when it reaches the actual compressor stage of the engine the air is at appropriate conditions. In order to achieve that, the inlet leading up to the engine must be designed correctly. There is a certain style of inlets called Mixed- Compression Inlets that use a series of reflected shockwaves to provide compression and also slow the air to subsonic speeds by the time it reaches the compressor stage. This process makes several problems for the incoming flow, one of which occurs where a shockwave interacts with the boundary layer of the inlet flow as it is reflected along the inlet. Normally this interaction results in a separation bubble at that location which, if handled improperly, could choke the inlet flow and possibly unstart the engine. To counteract that phenomenon, Bleed Holes are used in order to suck out the separated flow. My work is using 3D CFD simulations of the Bleed Holes in order to investigate their effect on the boundary layer of the inlet. I first ran a series of simulations to characterize how my simulation would behave under various boundary conditions and to make sure that the simulation was fully understood. My current research incorporates flow conditions that are representative of the physical model. I am developing the simulation to run as efficiently as possible while maintaining the level of fidelity that is required. Continuing work will be to include bleed in a full Mixed-Compression Inlet simulation. My simulation work is in support of a project titled Shockwave/Boundary-Layer Interactions that is being conducted alongside experimental work by the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with the purpose of designing a more efficient and functional mixed compression inlet. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 82 72 Status: Senior, Biochemistry Research Topic: Investigation of Small Ring Carbamates and Thiocarbamates and Analysis of Moringa oleifera Extract

Advisor(s): Dr. Vladimir Benin Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. I graduated from Stoney Creek High School in Rochester, Michigan, and I am currently studying Biochemistry and Premedicine at the University of Dayton with minors in Psychology and Religious Studies. Through my degree program I have been involved in both inorganic and organic chemistry research projects. In the past two years I have been working on a project on the chemistry of Moringa trees. This project has really sparked an interest in research. After graduation I will be going to medical school and pursuing a career in academic medicine.

Abstract: The Moringa oleifera tree is an entirely edible plant shown to have many nutritional and medicinal benefits native to India and East African nations. It is an extremely resilient and deep-rooted tree and is able to grow quickly even when seeded in poor soil. A deeper understanding of the nature of this so-called “miracle tree” and synthesis of similar compounds has great potential for improving health in impoverished nations, and its chemical composition and uses are worth exploring further. The first part of this project involves an exploration of routes towards the synthesis of analogs of a suggested structure of an antibiotic compound found in extracts of Moringa oleifera: methyl-1,3-oxazetidine-2-thione and its oxygen analog 3-methyl-1,3-oxazetidine-2-one. Synthetic techniques have been fairly successful, but the desired product has not yet been obtained. The second part of the project involves further analysis of Moringa extracts. Soxhlet and liquid- solid extraction techniques were used. NMR and IR spectrobioscopy were used to evaluate the progress in synthetic reactions and in the separation of individual components of the extracts. NMR evaluation of various extracts showed few significant compounds beyond benzyl isothiocyanate.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 83

73 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Volatile Organic Compound Detection

Advisor(s): Dr. Karolyn Hansen Biography: I am currently a Senior Chemical Engineering student with a minor in Bioengineering studying at the University of Dayton. While at UD, I have been an active member of the National Society of Black Engineers, serving as Treasurer, Vice-President and President. I am also a member of the AFRL Minority Leaders Program, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Society of Biomedical Engineers and served as the Discipleship Chair in the University of Dayton Interdenominational Ministries program. For the past four years, I have had the wonderful opportunity to take part in the internship programs offered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, through the Wright Scholars Program and Minority Leaders Program and participated in an REU program at Duke University. Throughout these experiences, I have come to gain quite an appreciation for research. I plan to graduate from the University of Dayton in the Fall of 2011 and continue on to earn a Doctorate Degree in Biomedical Engineering.

Abstract: In the past several years, technology has had a break-though in the implementation of microcantilevers in sensor devices. Sensors can be used for a variety of things, one of them including odor detection. Odor detection focuses on the biological/ biochemical aspects of sensor technology. My project is under the development of Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds for war fighter status. The microcantilever is located within the sensor device and can detect certain analytes in the air. The cantilever that we are utilizing is made of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4). This material is more flexible, therefore increasing sensitivity for deflection. Nanorods are constructed on the cantilever tips through the process of Electron Beam Evaporation (E-beam Evaporation). These additions increase the surface area of the biosensor for an increase in the number of molecular binding sites and increased sensitivity. The source material Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)is heated and vaporized onto the rods of the tip.

The two forms of assessment done for analysis are optical and electrical. The density, length, diameter and morphology of the nanorods and the cantilever surface will be measured through image analysis done on the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The sensors will also be functionalized using a fluorophore (fluorescent DNA), to observe whether the molecules can attach to the rods and the extent of molecular recognition of the analyte. Functionalization will be measured/observed using a confocal microscope. Using electrical assessment, the binding, change of resistance, piezoresistive changes and impedence of the cantilever tip will also be evaluated.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 84

74 Status: Senior, Biology and Chemistry Research Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Electrolytic Material for High Temperature Fuel Cells

Advisor(s): Dr. Vladimir Benin and Dr. Thuy Dang Biography: I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010–2011 school year. I graduated from Olentangy Liberty High School in my hometown of Powell, Ohio. I am currently a Biology and Chemistry major with a focus on pre-medicine at The University of Dayton. I gained in appreciation for science from my high school chemistry teacher which has further developed throughout my undergraduate studies. My parents have always been very supportive of my decisions and continuously encourage me to follow my dreams. Over the past year, I have been involved in research with Dr. Thuy Dang at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. I worked in the Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch which is a part of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. I have also worked closely with Dr. Vladimir Benin in the Chemistry Department at the University of Dayton. Throughout my experiences I have learned the importance of bench research and the impact it can have on the future of science and society. After receiving my degree in May, I plan to continue my life-long learning by entering medical school. I hope to continue research in a more clinical setting while I am working towards becoming a board certified surgeon.

Abstract: PBI membranes can be widely beneficial in fuel cell application, allowing cells to be operated at temperatures up to 200�C, with no water management needed. In the past the high fuel permeability and limited temperature capabilities of conventional polymer electrolytes has prevented applications. Nafion has been the material of choice in the past, but its conductivity depends strongly on high water content. This limits the operating temperature in practical systems to about 80oC because the electrolyte will dry out and lose conductivity. The approach chosen was to synthesize a series of high temperature-capable, modified polybenzimidizole (PBI) polymers for enhanced fuel cell operation at high temperatures needed for space exploration. We successfully synthesized 2-phospho poly benzobis imidazole (PPBI) polymer by direct polymerization, using the monomer 2-phosphonoterephthalic acid and 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride. Techniques employed to confirm the chemical structure of both the monomer and polymer included both melting point and NMR. The thermal properties were characterized by TGA. Following future studies, this membrane has the potential to be used as the primary polymer electrolytic membrane material for fuel cell applications benefiting both the U. S. Air Force and NASA.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 85

75 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Use of Thin Liquid Films in a Low Cost Solar Thermal Panel

Advisor(s): Dr. Kevin Hallinan Biography: I am currently a Senior OSGC recipient studying Mechanical Engineering with a minor in Spanish at the University of Dayton. I am originally from Stow, Ohio where I attended Stow High school. I became intrigued with engineering during my sophomore year of high school when I joined the Science Olympiad team and began to work on science oriented building projects. While studying at the university, I became very interested in energy system modeling, thermodynamics, and heat transfer. This interest became much stronger during my several co-op terms with GE Aviation where I worked on multiple engine performance assignments. Through my co-op terms, school work, and OSGC research I have gained knowledge of several programming languages, and enjoy using them to solve problems both in and out of the classroom. After receiving my degree, I would like to purse a Master’s Degree in Energy Systems and would like to continue to become more adept with computer programming.

Abstract: While current solar thermal systems are relatively efficient, their high copper content or use of vacuum tubes cause them to be very expensive. While these materials are integral in providing excellent thermal conduction and absorption to the working fluid, they make solar thermal heating a cost prohibitive venture for all but the most hard-line green enthusiasts. In an effort to replace them, a new panel using thin films of water to maximize the heat transfer coefficient is being examined. If necessary, the panel also has a row of cells above the working fluid that could be evacuated to further increase the overall thermal resistivity. The panel itself is made of readily available and relatively inexpensive materials, meaning that it could be fully integrated into a building to serve as the entire roof. While public acceptance is one large hurdle to potential wide spread use, lowering the economic barrier along with today’s governments’ many renewable energy stimuli is the first step to promote this form of clean energy.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 86

76 Status: Senior, Chemical Engineering Research Topic: Synthesis of FeSb2 Nanorods for Use as Low Temperature Thermoelectric Materials

Advisor(s): Dr. Douglas S. Dudis Biography: I am currently a Senior in Chemical Engineering at the University of Dayton. I grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and have always been interested in math and science. This interest grew during my physics and chemistry courses in high school. My father and several of my aunts and uncles are engineers. Their example led me to explore an engineering major in college. I decided to attend the University of Dayton and major in chemical engineering after meeting with Dr. Tony Saliba, the current Dean of Engineering. At the University of Dayton I am currently on track to graduate in May 2011 with a Bachelor’s degree in Chemical engineering and in August 2011 with a Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering. At the University of Dayton I am involved in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and the Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering (SAMPE). I began to do research at the Air Force Research Laboratories at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in June, 2008, the summer after my freshman year of college. I have worked there for over two and a half years in the Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch for the Directionally Tailored Thermal Management Materials Program. I have been involved in research for thermoelectric materials and thermal energy storage materials. I plan to enroll in a Ph.D. Program in Chemical Engineering after I graduate from the University of Dayton.

Abstract: Iron antinomide (FeSb2) is promising for low temperature thermoelectric materials since it exhibits the record high thermoelectric power factor at 12K of any material. This material could be used for sensor cooling on military and scientific space missions, which require cryogenic cooling for IR, γ-ray, and x-ray sensors. However, the thermoelectric potential of FeSb2 is limited by its high thermal conductivity of ~500 W/mK, which results in a ZT value of 0.005. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to explore methods to reduce the thermal conductivity of FeSb2 while leaving its other thermoelectric parameters unaffected.

It has been shown in silicon nanowires that it is possible to reduce the thermal conductivity 100 times by nanostructuring the material to reduce the material dimensions below the mean free path of the phonon. Nanostructuring will be used in FeSb2 to induce phonon scattering, however, because of the different mean free path of the electron, the electrical conductivity should not be affected. Solvothermal synthesis has already been used in literature to produce FeSb2 nanorods so this method will reproduced and SEM and TEM will be used to characterize the diameter and aspect ratio. Additionally, a sodium naphthalenide reduction will be explored to produce FeSb2 nanoparticles which can then be used to seed nanorod growth in solution synthesis using metal salts. Publications: 1. Schmidt, J. E., Dudis, D. S., Fratini, A. V. “Synthesis And Crystal Structure Of (Benzo[1,2-C:3,4-C’:5,6-C”]

Trithiophene)2(7,7,8,8-Tetracyano-P-Quinodimethane) A Possible One-Dimensional Thermoelectric Material.” Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Ohio Space Grant Consortium Student Research Symposium, Cleveland, OH, 16 April, 2010. 2. Dudis, D. S., Ferguson, J. B., Check, Schmidt, J. E., E., Shumaker, J. A., Chen, C., Seibel, H. A., Kemp, E. R. “Multidimensional Nanoscopic Approaches to New Thermoelectric Materials.” Invited paper at the 2010 SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Conference, Orlando, FL, 6-8 April, 2010.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 89

77 Status: Senior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: Live Video Display Using QT

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: I am currently a Senior at Wilberforce University, aspiring to be a Computer Engineer. Born in Warrensville, Ohio, I’ve always been interested in computers. I still remember the first computer I was exposed to in the fourth grade. My mother worked late and I was always the last to leave after school daycare subsequently giving me ample time to spend on this computer. My teacher almost had me teach my peers and faculty.

I guess this piqued my interests, and I’ve been playing with computers ever since. My confidence and passion for the field was just recently acquired though. When I started my major at the University I was doing well until I hit programming. Programming is a major part of Computer Engineering, and I wasn’t sure if I could ever become an efficient programmer. This past summer I was interning at the Glenn Research Center working for SAIC (Science Application International Corporation). I received some help from another Computer Engineer and wrote a 1000 lined code that verifies if a piece of code is written well. Now programming in more than my interest it’s my passion, and I see myself writing code in the future.

Abstract: I did my third co-op rotation at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. I work in the Data systems branch in the facilities division at NASA. NASA has an internal data acquisition system that most of the center uses called escort. As systems get more complex and newer technology comes along upgrades need to take place. In order to upgrade escort hundreds of thousands maybe even millions of dollars will be needed to upgrade the hardware and software of this ancient system. The challenge for my division was to find alternative software that could replace the escort system all together. Requirements for this project were to develop a prototype GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allowed the user to customize the display with the ability to save and reopen that display with the same custom display as before.

LabView Data Systems, Labdeck, and Qt using C++ were the software’s evaluated to accomplish these requirements. My mentor was working on this project using Qt and two of my other co workers were doing their prototypes using Labdeck and LabView. My mentor was on the verge of completing all the requirements using the Qt language except the live video requirement. Create a window that allowed the user to watch, re-wind, fast-forward, stop, play, pause, control volume, and resize the video without loosing resolution for a live video was my task and is why I should be co-op of the year. I learned a new programming language in a week and finished two different video windows that accomplished all the requirements in about three weeks.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven LaTourette 91

78 Status: Senior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: NRC Regulation of the Medical Use of Nuclear Materials

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: My name is Royel Stephon Bridges. I was born on November 9, 1987, in Cleveland, Ohio. I am currently living in Twinsburg, Ohio, a suburb outside of Cleveland, with my loving family. Most would consider my family to be large compared to others. I have 8 siblings, 5 sisters, and 3 brothers. Growing up as a middle child, I have been fortunate to experience life as the oldest and the youngest of my siblings. Thus, I am an individual who has the ability to teach and at the same time have mastered the ability to learn.

Aside from my siblings, my family has also placed an importance on education. Though I am sure my younger siblings will each embark on a post education experience in college, I am the first male of all my siblings to enroll in college. I am a currently a Senior at Wilberforce University majoring in Electrical Engineering. I have hopes of one day attending grad school and receiving a Doctorate in both my current field and Business Management. I hope to gain as much experience as I can in my field of practice and to put myself in the greatest position for accomplishment in my field of study. To accomplish such a goal, I will continue enrolling in internships and doing research. I currently have a 3.6 grade point average and will work to maintain or improve such.

Though education is indeed of paramount importance, I also enjoy other extracurricular activities. I have been involved in athletics of many facets since the age of five years old. At five, my mother had me involved in soccer and youth flag football. As I grew in age I became more involved in baseball and basketball. During my high school years I lettered in both track and football. Though I enjoyed, and was some what successful, in athletics, I still kept my grades up to par averaging a 3.89 GPA. Such achievements led to a Presidential Scholarship at my current college.

Aside from athletics and school, I enjoy practicing the field of music. I come from a background of musicians. My mother was a talented violinist who played for city orchestras and other venues. My father, on the other hand, was a local singer and very talented percussionist who played for other local bands. I, myself, enjoy writing music on down time. I played the alto saxophone in primary school and also played in the all city band in middle school.

Abstract: The NRC or Nuclear Regulatory Commission is a government regulatory service that regulates the safety of nuclear power production and other civilian uses of nuclear materials. Therefore my conducted research involves the role of NRC in Regulating the Medical Use of Nuclear Materials. Quoted directly for the NRC website, NRC has regulatory authority over the possession and use of byproduct, source, or special nuclear material in medicine. In this case, byproduct is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a nuclear chemical reaction, or a biochemical pathway, and is not the primary product or being produced. Byproduct materials are used in many medical practices and medicines. Some of these practices and entities are calibration sources, radioactive drugs, bone mineral analysers, portable fluoroscopic imaging devices, brachytherapy sources, and other devices.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 92

79 Status: Senior, Computer Science Research Topic: How can we successfully get multicast packets from the virtual NIC without experiencing increased latency?

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: Greetings to all. My name is Tanisha M. Brinson, and I am a Senior Ohio Space Grant recipient for the 2010 -2011 school year. I am originally from Chicago, Illinois, where I graduated from Michele Clark Preparatory Magnet High School in June of 2007. I am currently a student at Wilberforce University pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science. My father had a great influence on me choosing my major. We both share the same passion for computers and technology. Here at Wilberforce University I am involved in many organizations such as: National Society of Leadership and Success; Student Government Association Budget and Finance Committee; Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. (secretary and treasurer); and UNCF Pre-Alumni Council. After receiving my degree, I plan on enlisting in the U. S. Air Force to become a developmental engineer. To follow in my father’s foot steps I plan to serve my country to my best abilities.

Abstract: A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices. Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet, wireless LAN, HomePNA, power line communication or G.hn. Ethernet as it is defined by IEEE 802 utilizes various standards and mediums that enable communication between devices. Frequently deployed devices include hubs, switches, bridges, or routers. Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect devices without wiring. These devices use radio waves or infrared signals as a transmission medium. ITU-T G.hn technology uses existing home wiring (coaxial cable, phone lines and power lines) to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area network.

Operation of Multicast on a Physical Network Physical Layer 2 switches limit the flooding multicast traffic out all ports through a mechanism called IGMP snooping. IGMP snooping involves the switch listening for IGMP control information. It uses this information to determine which switch ports are interested in receiving multicast packets. In place of IGMP snooping, some Cisco switches and routers allow the optional use of Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP) between the switch and a multicast router. With CGMP, the multicast router explicitly tells switches which ports belong to which multicast groups. The selection of IGMP snooping or CGMP in the physical switches is transparent to ESX.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 93

80 Status: Junior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: Advantages of Nuclear Energy

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: I am currently a Junior at Wilberforce University pursuing a degree in Computer Engineering and a minor in Nuclear Engineering. I was born and raised down south in Houston, Texas. Math and sciences have always come natural to me. All my life I have been fascinated with all sorts of technology, especially computers. This attracted me to go into the study of Computer Engineering. As time progress, my passion for engineering grows.

Being here at Wilberforce University I have become very involved in many organizations. I am a part of the National Society of Black Engineers, the secretary of Student African American Brotherhood, the treasure of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., and a Student Ambassador. Also, Wilberforce University has really enlightened me and given me a deeper understanding of engineering and also brought my attention to another field of engineering, Nuclear Engineering. I have been involved in this program for 2 years now and have developed a deep interest in this field. I have visited numerous nuclear power plants, Detroit Edison and Ohio State.

Abstract: Today the need for energy is growing as well as the evolution of Nuclear Power Plants. Many people believe that nuclear energy is very dangerous. In fact, it’s completely the opposite. Nuclear Energy is a safe, reliable, and efficient. This source of energy is the revolution of the world’s source of energy. The sizes of a one-inch pellet equal 100,000 tons of coal.

The main focus of this project is to display the advantages of using nuclear energy to help with the growth of the nuclear field of study and change our main source of energy.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 94

81 Status: Senior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: Study of the Use of Interim Tier 4 to Reduce Engine Emission

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: My name is Brandon Leake. I am currently a Senior at Wilberforce University majoring in Computer Engineering. I am originally from Fremont, Ohio. I have had an interest in math, science and computers ever since I was in elementary school. I enjoyed taking things apart and seeing if I could put them back together. When the time came for me to choose my major, computer engineering just made sense. Attending Wilberforce University has really given me a deeper understanding of engineering. The courses that I have taken so far have really helped me determine which area of engineering I want to pursue once I graduate. The cooperative education department has also had a major impact on me. I was able to obtain internships at Steelcase and LexisNexis through this department. I also participate in various activities on campus. I am a member of Kappa Theta Epsilon Honor Society, the National Society of Leadership and Success, the National Society of Black Engineers, Nu Zeta Epsilon Social Fellowship Inc., and I tutor math. Upon graduation from Wilberforce University I plan to attend graduate school to further my education in the field of engineering.

Abstract: The rise in environmental issues has caused several companies in this country to seek alternative and improved methods of using products that are used on daily basis. One company that has really put forth an effort to help solve these problems is John Deere. This company has used an initiative called Interim Tier 4 as a guideline to reduce engine emissions. Tier 4/Stage III B calls for a 90% reduction in particulate matter as well as a 50% reduction in nitrogen oxides.

I will be examining the methods and effectiveness of implementing these regulations on various engines used by various companies.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 95

82 Status: Senior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Improvement of Coplanar Grid CZT Detector Performance with Silicon Dioxide Deposition

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: My name is Danielle Richards; I’m an honor student in my 2nd senior year attending Wilberforce University majoring in Electrical Engineering. I am involved on campus which encourages myself to be an all around student, and after graduation I plan to attend Graduate School. Academically, I am preparing myself by learning and gaining knowledge in the field of Electrical Engineering. While pursuing my degree I understand the theories in order to make practical applications for my future employer. I see myself as a leader that is determined to accomplish goals at hand, a great role model and a caring person that lends a shoulder to lean on. I currently hold the position as president of two organizations on campus, Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society and the Trinity Drum-line. I am also the Treasurer for Black Women United. I am a member of the following other organizations; Kappa Theta Epsilon Honor Society, Sigma Alpha Pi Honor Society, and National Society of Black Engineers.

Abstract: Over the summer of 2010 I had the opportunity to intern in Nashville, Tennessee at Fisk University under the Physics Department of Material Science and Application Group. The project I assisted was the Improvement of coplanar grid CZT Detector performance with silicon dioxide deposition. The purpose was to attempt to improve the response of a CZT (cadmium zinc telluride) detector in coplanar grids configuration by applying an insulator layer on top of gold anode grids. The chosen insulator in this experiment was SiO2 deposited by RF sputtering. Insulator deposition was performed at room temperature, without any extra heating of the CZT crystal other than the heat produced by sputtering process. Detector response to high energy gamma radiation (662 keV) is determined before and after silicon dioxide coverage of the anodes area.

In conclusion the result of covering the polished gold contacted area of anode of a coplanar CZT detector leads to an improvement in detector performance of about 13%, energy resolution at 662 keV reduced from 3.2% to 2.8% and better preservation of detector quality in condition of ambient atmosphere exposure. Future goals are variations of the main perimeter which is silicon dioxide layer thickness and the inter grid gap. This will bring more light and useful information for future studies.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 1st Congressional Representative(s): Steve Chabot 96

83 Status: Junior, Computer Engineering Research Topic: Advances in Computing Technology in Building Personal Computer

Advisor(s): Dr. Edward Asikele Biography: My name is Michael Williams. I was born in Compton, California, but was primarily raised in Moreno Valley, California. In August of 2006, I moved to Seattle, Washington, where I completed my senior year. I am a faithful member of First African Methodist Episcopal Church in Seattle. It was there that I was recruited by Wilberforce University. I chose to move to Ohio to start a Computer Engineering degree at Wilberforce and have maintained above a 3.0 GPA in my area of study. I also have been interning with the Boeing Company in Seattle since August, 2008. There I work as a Flight Test Engineer in the area of commercial airplanes. While at home in the summer time I live with my parents Bertram and Denise Williams, and my two sisters, Alexis and Kelsey.

Abstract: The need for the best CPUs and high performance, but limited funds available to science and engineering students, results in their desire to build their own computer instead of buying a pre-built computer. My research explore the major reasons it may be advantageous to buy a pre-built computer such as warranty provided and it readiness to plug-and- play. But building a computer give the opportunity to cheaply acquire high speed processor, high random access memory size and hard drive of up to 2 TB ad 8GB cache, optical drive, multimedia keyboard; as well as extras such as video cards, speakers and ergonomic keyboard. Also adopting Linux or other UNIX based operating systems prevents being locked into Windows Operating Systems and other products, which will dramatically reduce the cost.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 97

84 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Developing Lithium Ion Powered Wheelchair to Facilitate Students Learning

Advisor(s): Dr. Hong Huang Biography: I am a Senior Mechanical Engineering student at Wright State University. My home town is Gallipolis, Ohio, where I graduated from high school. Going into engineering was an easy decision for me. From a very young age, I was always intrigued in math and science courses, and have always enjoyed building things with whatever materials were available. As time progressed, I developed an interest in finding out how things work, from anything such as dirtbikes to heavy equipment.

For two summers after high school, I held a co-op at Hopedale Mining, and underground coal mine in eastern Ohio. While there, I performed maintenance work on mining equipment, which fascinated me. These machines are designed to exacting size, power, and emissions requirements. Because they operate underground with limited ventilation, internal combustion engines producing harmful gases cannot be utilized, so the solution is often battery power. I was given the opportunity to do research on Lithium Ion batteries last year at Wright State; investigating the performance characteristics of batteries using coal for the anode rather than expensive graphite composites. This year, my research involves the application of Lithium Ion batteries, rather than their performance.

Abstract: The purpose of this research project is to design a prototype of a power wheelchair to better facilitate the learning experience of students with disabilities. Most common power chairs now are bulky, heavy, and difficult to move or adjust. The new prototype will be strive to attain a few better qualities, such as light weight, compact size with the ability to adjust width and height, and a long life cycle. This will be done by changing the stock battery and motor system. Combined, these two factors contribute up to two thirds of the wheelchair weight. These weight and volume limitations severely limit the manufacturer’s ability to improve on the areas of weight and size. This research proposes two phases to design and prototype a new-generation power chair that will be more convenient for transportation around campus, while improving students learning experiences.

The first phase is to replace the standard battery with a commercially obtained lithium ion battery. Li-ion batteries offer two to three times the energy density as the lead-acid batteries found in most chairs today. Also, the new battery will weigh less, take up less space on the chair frame, and last longer, thus improving the battery capacity and cycle life. There will be more room to make the chair more user-friendly by cutting down weight and size. Once the battery is in place, a test band will be manufactured. Performance tests comparing the lead-acid battery to the Li-ion batteries will be systematically accessed.

With a high performance battery, optional integration systems will be explored also. The learning experience for students would be enhanced by making the chair more capable of powering portable electronics. Integration systems such as a computer charger/stand, cellular phone charger, and Ipod dock would make the chair more popular among college-age students. The capabilities of the battery to power devices such as these will be researched.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 99 85 Status: Junior, Electrical Engineering Research Topic: Wireless Charging

Advisor(s): Dr. Yan Zhuang Biography: I am in my fourth year at Wright State University majoring in Electrical Engineering, with a focus in electromagnetics and microwaves. I first discovered my passion for math and science while attending my junior high and high school, Stivers School for the Arts in Dayton, Ohio. Shortly after beginning my seventh grade year, I was selected to become a member of the Wright STEPP program. Each summer in this program, members were introduced to the many different types of engineering. As soon as I learned about Electrical Engineering, I knew that that was what I wanted to do. I have recently started my design project, with faculty advisor Dr. Yan Zhuang, in which we hope to maximize wireless power transfer efficiency. I plan to graduate in the Fall of 2011 with my Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering and continuing on to pursue my Master’s Degree.

Abstract: Most modern electronics require a cable connection to a power source when charging, such as laptop computers, cell phones, mp3 devices, etc. This connection can be inconvenient and restrictive. The ability to charge a device wirelessly, with the same efficiency as a cable connection would be ideal. There are already a few existing ways that power can be transmitted wirelessly, but most lack the sufficient range and efficiency to be put into practical use. Using resonance coupling, a technique in which frequencies at a transmitter are matched to the frequencies at a receiver to increase inductive properties of the system, we can make wireless power transfer more efficient over a short distance. The goal is to design the appropriate matched network for an existing set of resonance coils to wirelessly charge a lithium polymer battery or super capacitor quickly and efficiently, from a distance less than three meters away from the coils.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 8th Congressional Representative(s): John A. Boehner 100

86 Status: Senior, Biomedical Engineering Research Topic: Human-Machine Interaction and Multi-Task Performance Using Force Feedback

Advisor(s): Dr. Chandler Phillips Biography: Originally from Columbus, Ohio, I currently attend Wright State University where I am pursuing a degree in Biomedical Engineering. During my time here at WSU, I have become involved in many clubs and organizations. I held the secretary position for the Society of Women Engineers, served on several academic committees and am currently a CECS Student Ambassador. My passions lie in running and alpine skiing were I help teach handicapped individuals to ski through The Adaptive Adventure Sports Coalition. Beginning in my freshman year, I began independent research in the field of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and assisted in research pertaining to time optimization for surgical departments. Additionally, in 2009 I worked in the chemical engineering department at the Ohio State University growing and manipulating HSC and MSC stem cells. In the past, I have presented my work on DBS at the Dayton Engineering and Science Symposium 2008 and 2009 as well as the BMES 2009 National Meeting and the Kettering Neurological Institute. My interest in haptic force feedback extends from the mechanical area, to applications in space medicine and training.

Abstract: Previous research developed and characterized a human-machine-interaction model for a human operator performing five simultaneous tasks using a joystick and MATB programming. To further develop this research, the tasks: light, dial, communication, frequency and channel, will be performed using a force feedback haptic stick. The human- machine-interaction model will be redesigned to reflect a randomized study to test operator performance of tasks using both haptic feedback and no haptic feedback. Five levels of total machine-initiated baud rate (βIN) are generated and five HO baud rates (βO) will be recorded. The research will refine the previously developed human-machine-interaction model and study operational interaction with the addition of haptic feedback.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 15th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Stivers 101

87 Status: Senior, Industrial/Systems Engineering Research Topic: Effect of Ink Formulation and Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure of Aerosol Jet® Printed YSZ Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Advisor(s): Dr. Mary A. Sukeshini, Michael Rottmayer, and Dr. Thomas L. Reitz Biography: My name is Loc Nguyen and my family immigrated to the United States (Dayton, OH) of America in July of 2002. In June 2006, I graduated from Stebbins High School (Dayton, OH) and completed my Associate’s Degree in Operational/Industrial engineering technology from Sinclair Community College in June 2009. Currently, I am pursuing my Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial and Systems Engineering at Wright State University. While completing my B.S. degree, I will have completed one third of the Master’s Degree Program upon graduation. I have always been interested in science and engineering research and am excited about the opportunity of presenting the findings of my work to the broader scientific community; therefore, I will be continuing to pursue an advanced degree (Master of Science and Doctorate Degree) upon completion of my B.S. Degree.

Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have gained attention as a promising technology with wide applications in both stationary (power plants) and transportation. Aerosol Jet® printing (AJP) method of fabricating the components of a SOFC has advantages of maskless deposition of patterned layers and high reproducibility of layer thickness and microstructure. These features are lacking in traditional methods of fabrication such as screen printing and spray coating. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of new ink formulations and sintering temperature on the microstructure of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layers. The YSZ ink will be formulated using a solvent system of terpineol/butanol along with dispersants and binders. Additionally, formulations containing new solvents and dispersants will be investigated. The optimized ink formulations will be deposited by the AJP method and the films subsequently sintered in air at 1200-1400ºC. The resulting microstructure will be characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and assessed for optimal grain growth and density.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 8th Congressional Representative(s): John A. Boehner 102

88 Status: Junior, Biomedical Engineering Research Topic: Noise Attenuation Performance of the Fully Articulated Air Bladder System (FAABS) and Stealth Cup with Flight Helmets

Advisor(s): Dr. Ping He Biography: Born and raised in Dayton, Ohio. I attended Meadowdale High School in Dayton, Ohio, and Marion High School in Marion, Indiana, where I graduated in 2007. I currently attend Wright State University where I am majoring in Biomedical Engineering with a minor in Computer Science. Some organizations that I am a member of are National Society of Black Engineers, Biomedical Engineering Society, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and National Pan-Hellenic Council. I enjoy reading books, playing basketball, listening to music, and volunteering. After graduating from college, I plan on earning both a Master’s and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering and working in research and development.

Abstract: Noise attenuation performance tests were performed on the Fully-Articulated Air Bladder System (FAABS) and the Stealth Cup, developed by SPEAR Labs, in combination with service specific helmets and the MPU-20/P mask at the Air Force Research Laboratory’s (AFRL) Acoustics facilities at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in July and August of 2010. Measurements for legacy ear cups were also collected to facilitate a direct comparison of octave-band attenuation values for FAABS and Stealth Cup versus legacy ear cups and shims among the same sample of subjects. An American National Standards Institute (ANSI) method was used to measure the passive attenuation. Passive attenuation was measured using ANSI S12.42-1995: Microphone-in-Real-Ear (MIRE) and Acoustic Test Fixture Methods for Measurement of Insertion Loss of Circumaural Hearing Protection Devices. Four ear cups were tested in combination with the HGU-55/P helmet with FAABS. The Stealth Cup was also tested in combination with legacy helmets. Measurements for the legacy helmets were completed using a MBU-20/P mask with visor in the down position. The noise attenuation performance was measured and then compared between Stealth Cup and legacy ear cups.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 103

89 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Biomechanical Investigation: Hip Fracture Repair

Advisor(s): Dr. Hazel Marie Biography: I am a Senior in Mechanical Engineering at Youngstown State University. While I have auto repair experience and auto repair coursework, I am also interested in the repair of the body’s tissues because of my own experiences with injury. In addition to studying Mechanical Engineering, I have a Bachelor’s Degree in Spanish from The Ohio State University and am fluent in Spanish including speaking, writing, reading and listening comprehension. I am currently employed with InfoCision Management Corporation as a Bilingual Program Supervisor and am responsible for the management of Spanish and English Speaking programs as well as the management of bilingual and English speaking team members. After graduation I hope to use my language skills in any engineering opportunities I have and to pursue another language.

Abstract: For the next several years, hip fractures are expected to become increasingly of interest for clinical and biomechanical investigations due to the increases in population age and thus higher incidence of osteoporosis. It is generally agreed that surgical treatment of hip fractures include simple screws, arthroplasty, dynamic hip screws and intramedullary hip screws. Along with all surgical treatment come complications related to surgery, some of which lead to symptomatic implants that require removal of hardware. However the partial or complete removal of the symptomatic hardware has its own set of complications. One of the most dreaded complications after removal of hardware around the hip is refracture. Currently there exists no universally agreed upon technique aimed to reduce the complications. This work presents a preliminary computational biomechanical evaluation of techniques designed to reduce the incidence of refracture after hardware removal. The two techniques evaluated will be an empty hole and a cement filled hole. These will be compared to intact bone with no defect. A finite element model will be used taking into account material property differences as well as asymmetric sample loading.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 17th Congressional Representative(s): Timothy J. Ryan 105

90 Status: Junior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Fiber Metal Laminates

Advisor(s): Dr. Pedro Cortes Biography: I am a Junior Ohio Space Grant Scholarship recipient for the 2010-2011 school year. My hometown is Girard, Ohio, where I graduated from Girard High School. I am currently studying Mechanical Engineering at Youngstown State University and am a member of Tau Beta Pi and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. I am a Mechanical Engineering teacher’s assistant for sophomore level engineering classes. I expect to graduate from Youngstown State University in May of 2012 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering with a minor in Mathematics. After graduation I plan to attend graduate school to earn a Master’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering.

Abstract: Studies have shown that the combination of high-performance composite material with tough metals increases the mechanical performance of the resulting hybrid material. Such Fiber Metal Laminates combine the superior specific strength, stiffness, and fatigue properties of composites with the excellent machinability and toughness of most engineering metals. The present work focuses on developing a novel lightweight structure constituted by reinforced thermoplastic materials based on self-reinforced polypropylene, Magnesium, and Aluminum Alloy. The Fiber Metal Laminates will be manufactured using a low cost molding press process by alternating layers of PURE® composite with Magnesium or Aluminum layers. Various configurations are being manufactured and tested in order to optimize the dynamic properties of the structure. Both fracture and impact properties of the hybrid structure will be examined. Thus far, only preliminary testing has been conducted but the results look promising.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 17th Congressional Representative(s): Timothy J. Ryan 106

91 Status: Senior, Mechanical Engineering Research Topic: Finite Element Analysis of Soft Biological Tissue with Comparisons to Tensile Testing

Advisor(s): Dr. Hazel Marie Biography: Brooke R. Johnson is currently a Senior Mechanical Engineering student at Youngstown State University. Brooke was born and raised in Trumbull County. Brooke went to Lakeview High School where she excelled in mathematics, physics and other sciences.

While at Youngstown, Brooke has been an active member in The Society of Women Engineers, Tau Beta Pi national engineering honors society, Pi Mu Epsilon honorary national mathematics society promoting scholarly activity in mathematics, and American Society for Mechanical Engineering, University Honors Program, and University Scholars Program. At Youngstown, Brooke is a Mechanical Engineering teacher’s assistant for freshman level engineering classes, and laboratory assistant.

Brooke plans the graduate from Youngtown State University with her Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering with a minor in Mathematics in May, 2011. After graduation, she plans to obtain a research and development mechanical engineering job and gain field experience before attaining her Master’s Degree.

Abstract: It is hypothesized that using mesenchymal stem cells on an enhanced collagen matrix will increase collagen deposition and tensile strength of the abdominal fascial tissue. Thus far, the research looks promising; the experimental results indicate with the new techniques, additional energy is required to rupture the samples. The tissue samples are from fifth generation inbred rats and therefore considered to be clones. The abdominal fascia of the rats was herniated and then treated and allowed to heal for a periods of four and eight weeks. Once the tissue was harvested, a dumbbell shaped segments were tested on a 100 Newton load cell tensiometer moving at a constant rate of 20 millimeters per minute. The force deflection data was recorded. The experimental results were compared to a finite element model of the tissue taking into account non-linear material properties. The results are presented.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 17th Congressional Representative(s): Timothy J. Ryan 108

92 COMMUNITY COLLEGE

SCHOLARS Status: Sophomore, Mechanical Engineering Technology Research Topic: The Past, Present, and Future of Computers in Design Engineering

Advisor(s): Shane Bendele Biography: I am in my final year at Columbus State Community College in the Mechanical Engineering Technology Program. I became interested in this program four years ago when I took a job at a local manufacturing company. As a part of the hiring process I was sent to take a machine tools class at Columbus State. The instructor encouraged me to take a closer look at the Associate Degree Program. After several months of consideration I enrolled. I am certainly a non- traditional student as I had tried college several times since I finished high school in 1995. I have, over the years had many different jobs, none of which I was interested in pursuing as a career. I am planning to pursue a bachelors degree after I have finished my associates degree, but I am unsure as of yet whether it will be in engineering or engineering management. My interests are mainly in computer aided design, and robotics, and metallurgy. I currently work as a design engineering intern for a food packaging machinery firm.

Abstract: Man is very inventive. Ideas start as just that, ideas. Then those ideas need to be documented so that they can become a reality. Engineering drawings have evolved greatly over time, but not so much as in the last 60 years since the advent of the computer. From simple 2D drawings and 3D modeling using CAD (Computer Aided Design) to CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), all the way to 3D printing of usable prototypes, and parts, computers have opened up a world of transitioning ideas from the abstract to reality world like never before. I will examine the history of engineering drawing, the introduction of computers to the process, and look ahead to see what the future might hold in this facet of design engineering.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 12th Congressional Representative(s): Patrick J. Tiberi 24

93 Status: Sophomore, Health Information Management Technology Research Topic: Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects (SHARP), Area Four: “Secondary Use of Electronic Health Record (EHR)"

Advisor(s): Ms. Kathy Loflin Biography: I am a first year Health Information Management student at Cuyahoga Community College. I decided to take this career path because I have always wanted to work in an area that had a clinical and administrative aspect. I like the field of information technology, but programming was never one of my strong points. After careful analysis of the field, I realized I could use my interest in IT coupled with my strengths in health sciences to pursue a career in health information management. There are so many paths I can take in this field, and the opportunities are infinite. After graduation, I hope to find a position in a hospital. However, I have my eye on working in the government sector once I gain some experience. When I’m not in school, I like taking walks in the summer, swimming, and tennis. One day I would like to take ballet and piano. I plan to obtain a Bachelor’s Degree in the future in Health Information Management, and possibly a Master’s in Business Administration. Abstract: The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) is supporting innovative research to address well-documented problems that impede the adoption of health information technology. The Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects (SHARP) Program has four areas. I will address Area Four, Secondary Use of EHR Information, in my project. The implementation of the Secondary Use of EHR Information will help merge hybrid based records and paper based records to electronic records. Drugs and research data will be more accessible, practitioners from more than one facility worldwide will be able to communicate with each other and find conclusions in a more timely manner, new discoveries and research will be more innovative, and most importantly, patients will, if not already, be able to access medical information on their condition and the most up-to-date changes. The Mayo Clinic of Medicine is the lead investigator for this project under the assistantship of Dr. Christopher Chute. The Mayo Clinic of Medicine’s project goal is to enhance patient safety and improve medical outcomes through the use of an electronic health record (EHR). In the past, a patient’s medical information is stored in multiple settings, both electronically and non-electronically. With the goal of resolving this problem, the project aims to efficiently utilize EHR data to improve care, generate advanced knowledge, and address population needs. Mayo Clinic’s project ultimate goal will be to create an integrated EHR, which will allow for the exchange of patient information among various providers, government agencies, insurers, and other covered entities. By creating tools, programs, services, and software for large-scale health record data sharing, Mayo Clinic’s project will advance the quality and efficiency of patient care through the use of a centralized EHR.

Continued on the Next Page . . .

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 25

94 Catelyn H. Chan (Continued)

Abstract: (Continued) Through six smaller projects, the ultimate goal is for the successful implementation of the secondary use of EHR data. The first project, called “Clinical Data Normalization,” will standardize health data elements and ensure data integrity. It will work towards transforming non-standardized patient data into one unified set of terminology. The next area of Mayo Clinic’s project is called “Natural Language Processing,” and will work towards classifying and grouping certain medical terms into specific categories. The third area is more scientific and will involve phenotypes, which are physically observable traits. Phenotypes can include growth and development and functioning of different tissues and organs. The Mayo Clinic will use a process called “High-Throughput Phenotyping,” which uses clinical data normalization and national language processing to identify and group a particular phenotype, such as Type 2 diabetes. The fourth area will combine the processes of clinical data normalization, national language processing, and high-throughput phenotyping so the entire process is more efficient and uses the least amount of resources. The fifth area will detect and reconcile inconsistent data using data quality metrics to identify and optionally correct inconsistent or inaccurate data. To evaluate the status and efficiency of their own project, the Mayo Clinic will use an “Evaluation Framework” using the Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). NHIN is a set of rules, standards, services, and policies that enable secure health information exchange over the internet. The result from this project will enable the Secondary Use of EHR information to be more efficient, confidential, and environmentally friendly.

Publications: None yet.

95 Status: Sophomore, IT (Visual Communications, Graphics) Research Topic: Engine Redesign for All Automobiles that Can Fully Operate 100% on Water with 0% Gas

Advisor(s): Dr. Donna Moore-Ramsey Biography: My name is Phil Johnson, and I’m currently attending Cuyahoga Community College for an Associate Degree in Information Technology (Digital Video and Filmmaking with a concentration in Graphic Design). I’ve always have been fascinated at how films, and design can take you to a dream world that you can create with your own imagination, and now that everything globally have went digital, their will be even more creators, and dream thinkers that can open up new ideas that couldn’t be possible before, but now are thanks to many new technologies, all starting with brilliance of the computer. I have always tried to come up with solutions to everyday needs, as it is once said “necessity is the mother of invention” So now it may be possible to for me to even get a new invention mapped out faster with no flaws since there is software to speed the process up. I’m also very handy with my hands and have done everything from electrical, plumbing, carpentry, flooring, roofing, drywall, etc… so I like to keep my hands busy.

Abstract: The purpose of my project is to think outside of the box, and come up with a solution on a scale that has never been done before, and for something that would benefit all of mankind, just as the personal computer did. Everyone would be at great joy (except the gas companies) if instead of running to the gas station every time they needed gas, they could just hook the same hose they watered their lawn with to their car and just go, and not just a certain type of water, any type from salt water, distilled water, dirty water, and so on. With the current BP oil spill that just happened recently, high gas prices for no reason, dirty emissions, etc. I think it’s time for some individuals to step up; also I’m proud that actually there are people in other countries working on this same idea as well, so to me it’s only a matter of time, that someone figure it out. It would be the greenest invention/idea known to man if pulled it’s pulled off. Once that’s done let’s work on that cure for cancer.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 26

96 Status: Sophomore, Health Information Management Research Topic: Electronic Health Records and Its Impact on the Healthcare Industry

Advisor(s): Joslyn Dalton, RHIA Biography: My name is Renée Piontkowski. I am a sophomore at Cuyahoga Community College. In 2012 I will graduate with an Associate Degree in Health Information Management. After graduation I plan to become certified as a Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT). The paper based health record format is emerging to an electronic health record format and I believe having the RHIT credential will show that I am a qualified professional equipped to assist healthcare providers in implementing the change.

I am also considering taking the opportunity to become a Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA) which involves continuing my education at a university to receive a Bachelor’s Degree. An RHIA credential will give me the opportunity to increase my duties in the area of Health Information Management allowing me to perform administrative duties and expand my involvement in maintaining patient health information through computer technology.

Abstract: My research paper will entail the examination of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) to determine its important role within the healthcare industry. I will investigate how efficient the EHR is and how healthcare providers will benefit from putting it into practice. In researching this subject I hope to provide evidence of the cost-effectiveness large healthcare organizations or medical practitioner’s small offices will experience; and analyze how accessible this system will be between healthcare providers. Reliability and accuracy of the EHR are areas I am hoping to confirm.

My overall objective is to present information on the EHR’s capability to improve the healthcare system.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourettte 27

97 Status: Sophomore, Nuclear Engineering Technology Research Topic: Natural Convection and Evaporative Cooling

Advisor(s): Hiram Reppert Biography: I graduated from Geneva High School in 2003. After high school I pursued a career in hospitality, but quickly realized it was not what I wanted to pursue as a life long career. Math and science had always been an area of interest to me and I began to look into careers that utilized these skills. I enrolled in the nuclear engineering technology program at Lakeland Community College where I am currently a sophomore. I will complete my associate degree in May. Upon graduating I will pursue a job in my field with the goal of going back to school for an engineering degree in a couple of years. Abstract: Westinghouse AP1000 is a reactor designed to use natural convection and evaporative cooling in the event of a design base accident to cool the reactor and maintain it at a safe level without any manual intervention. My project will take the temperature data collected from a mock containment structure as it was heated and then cooled following the parameters of this reactor. I will analyze the data and determine pros and cons of this type of cooling and how it best fits into the commercial nuclear power industry.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 14th Congressional Representative(s): Steven C. LaTourette 28

98 Status: Sophomore, Dietetic Technology Research Topic: Plant Growth and Sustainability on Long Duration Space Flights

Advisor(s): Tekla Madaras, M.Ed., R.D., L.D. Biography: I’ve worked with the animal field as an animal technician, animal control officer, and volunteer for over 10 years. I graduated from BGSU in 2004 with a B.A. in Psychology and a minor in Biology. I will graduate from Owens Community College in May, 2011, and plan to obtain my credential as a Dietetic Technician, Registered. I will continue my education in the interrelated fields of agricultural sustainability, environmental science, and animal welfare to provide the integration of low-cost, nutrient rich food to all communities in a sustainable and humane way

Abstract: Sustainability is defined as using methods, systems, and materials that will not deplete the earth’s resources. Research for long duration space missions are now considering sustainable practices for food growth. Plants offer a promising solution in providing food to astronauts thousands of miles from Earth. Astronauts could grow crops that would not only supplement a healthy diet, but also remove toxic carbon dioxide from the air inside their spacecraft and create life- sustaining oxygen and drinking water. Hydroponics or growing plants with nutrient rich water and zeoponics, growing plants with naturally occurring minerals and soil, are currently undergoing clinical trials to find a perfect medium in which astronauts can provide a sustainable system while on long duration space missions.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 50

99 Status: Sophomore, Biomedical Electronics/Computer Electronics Research Topic: Biomedical Electronics/Computer Electronics

Advisor(s): Paul Svatik and Lynn Kendall Biography: My name is Zachary Snyder, and I am in my second year at Owens Community College. I will graduate in May, 2011, with a dual degree in Biomedical Electronics and Computer Science. I graduated from St. John’s Jesuit High School located in Toledo, Ohio, in 2009. After graduation, I attended Owens working on my Biomedical Electronics Degree, and in the Fall of 2010 I decided to that I would obtain a dual major adding computer science. After graduation, I plan on attending The University of Toledo to continue my education and obtain a degree in Business.

Abstract: Vital monitoring systems play a crucial part in any space mission. These systems are comprised of a collection of biosensors that feed health and physiology data to a compact device which is worn by the astronaut. These devices are similar to an airplane’s “black box” which is able to record data. Unlike the “black box”, the device worn by the astronauts is able to transmit the data in real time. These devices are less bulkier and allow the astronaut to move around more freely than old monitoring systems. In 2004, a team of researchers from NASA and Stanford University developed a system named LifeGuard. Not only are these devices beneficial to astronauts, this technology would have a great impact in the private sector. "There are tons of applications for medical use, home use, athletic training and uses in many other areas," said Greg Kovacs, a Stanford University professor and one of the LifeGuard project leaders.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 51

100 Status: Sophomore, Nuclear Power Technology Research Topic: Fission vs. Fusion

Advisor(s): Dr. James Bighouse Biography: I am in my second year at Terra State Community College in the Nuclear Power Technology Program. I currently have an AAS in Mechanical Engineering CAD/CAM and am building on that degree as part of my lifelong learning process. Upon graduation in May, I would like to work an internship in the summer and then finish a B.S.S. from Ohio University in 2012. I am currently working as a Student Administrative Assistant in the Office of the President at Terra State Community College, where I am utilizing my critical thinking skills and handling priority situations in a high demand office. Abstract: The atomic–age idea of a nuclear powered car has been around since Ford developed a concept car in 1960 called the Ford Nucleon. Because nuclear power produces very low carbon emissions relative to other sources, it is considered a possible source of reliable power to the automotive industry. At present, uranium is the most productive alternative energy source. The safety concerns of the reactors, the danger of the uranium/plutonium in the wrong hands, the disposal of waste versus the benefits of clean power and reducing the carbon footprint by saving natural resources are my interest. Possibilities include 1.) Nuclear-fueled hydrogen – the use of nuclear fuel to create clean, safe, affordable hydrogen fuel. 2.) Nuclear reactors could power stations where motorists charge highly efficient batteries. 3.) Miniature nuclear reactors could replace the engine and only need refueled every three to five years. Small research reactors have been used to power satellites, so there is already information available, and with some concept ideas these may be able to be converted or adapted in vehicle use.

Nuclear Fission occurs as the atom splits and releases energy and two or three neutrons. Each of these neutrons can cause another nuclear fission. Since energy is released in each atomic fission, chain reactions provide a steady supply of energy. Nuclear Fusion is the process of uniting the nuclei of two light elements to form one heavier nucleus. The mass difference is liberated in the form of energy. Controlled nuclear fusion is difficult because high temperatures are needed for initiation.

In comparison: Nuclear Fission about 0.1% of the mass is converted to energy. Nuclear Fusion about 0.5% of the mass may be changed into energy.

Using E=mc2 the amount of energy liberated can be calculated when the mass loss is known. The energy equivalent to this amount of mass in “energy units” is impressive. Adapting the concept of Nuclear Fission on a small scale to be usable for everyday consumption at the consumer level would be a huge global benefit. Publications: None.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 56

101 EDUCATION

SCHOLARS Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Mathematics Research Topic: Modeling our Solar System with Proportions

Advisor(s):

Biography: In 2008 I graduated from Fulton County Community Christian School. I currently attend Cedarville University in Ohio and plan to graduate in May of 2012 with an Integrated Mathematics Education Degree. I have worked for many years at summer camps with young and have always loved it. Today’s young people are our future and I believe that it is our responsibility to raise them to think critically. Mathematics is one of the greatest areas to practice that. Upon graduation, I plan to teach Math at high school level and hopefully, one day, continue on to teach college Mathematics.

Abstract: Proportions are prevalent in everyday life. When we find a sale item, we set up a proportion to find the sale cost. When cutting a pie, we are physically creating a proportion. Too often, though, this is one concept many students find no need for. I plan to explain one of the many uses for proportions and ratios by using them to construct a model of the solar system. Students will use a specific scale to “reduce” the size of the planets in the solar system to a manageable size. They will then create this model using provided craft supplies. In addition to appropriately scaling the planets themselves, students will also figure out the distance between planets in this scale. We will finish the lesson by taking some time to go look at where each of the planets would be to give the students an idea of how incredibly large the solar system is. I hope that the students will be able to better appreciate the complexity of the solar system as well as the practicality of proportions through this lesson.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 3

102 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Phys. Science Research Topic: What is Necessary for Life on a Planet Other Than Earth?

Advisor(s): Dr. Robert Chasnov Biography: In 2008 I graduated from Xenia Christian High School. I am currently a Junior at Cedarville University and I am majoring in Physical Science AYA. I will also be graduating with a minor in Earth Science in December of 2012. This will certify me to teach Chemistry and Physics at the secondary education level. When I graduate I will begin looking for job opportunities. I volunteer as a Children’s Ministry Leader at my Church. I think that this experience has helped me learn how to deal with children of all ages and I look forward to working with my students in the future.

Abstract: Determining what is needed for life to exist on a planet not only deals with Biology, but it also deals with Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Science as well. With the project that I will be outlining I plan to help guide students into thinking about what is necessary for life in all of the above mentioned areas. Students will work in groups to outline what they believe is necessary for life to exist. Then as a class we will discuss the lists that they came up with. After doing this we will look at Mars and determine what Mars has and needs to have to support life. At the end of the project each student group will present a proposal as if they were presenting to NASA about what needs to happen before we can build a colony on Mars for humans to live on. With this project I wish to help students to better understand the uniqueness of Earth and the complexity of life. Also I wish that students will see how all different areas of science are connected.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 6

103 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Chemistry Research Topic: Light Spectra of Elements

Advisor(s): Dr. Robert Chasnov Biography: I am currently a Junior Chemistry Education major at Cedarville University. I am the youngest of four children and grew up in Marion, Ohio. I graduated as the salutatorian in 2008 from Pleasant High School. I currently work as a barista at our University’s café, Café Rinnova. I have worked there for three years and have loved every minute of it. I started out as a business major at Cedarville, but my love of chemistry overcame and I eagerly changed my major so I can hope to someday inspire students to love chemistry as much as I do.

Abstract: This project teaches students how to read and measure visible light spectrums of elemental gases. In this lab the students will observe various light sources including tubes that have been filled with various types of gases. As electricity passes through these tubes, the gas glows and light is given off. They will compare the spectra of these gas tubes with incandescent (regular light bulb) sources and fluorescent light fixtures. Specifically, they will be asked to identify the gas that is used to fill fluorescent light tubes.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 7

104 Status: Graduate Student, Adolescent to Young Adult Education, Science Research Topic: The Great Planetary Debate

Advisor(s): Dr. Jane Zaharias Biography: I am a graduate student at Cleveland State University in the Master’s of Urban Secondary Teaching Program working on my Master’s in Curriculum and Instruction. I will graduate with my M.Ed. and Integrated Secondary Science licensure. I received my Bachelor’s in Zoology from The Ohio State University. I am currently completing my teaching requirements in an urban school in Cleveland, Ohio.

Abstract: During a two-day lesson about the planets, the students were required to complete an activity designed to replicate authentic debate within the scientific community about what criteria a solar body to meet in order to be considered a planet. The students were given NASA data about different objects in the Solar System and had to create a list of criteria that every planet should meet. Students applied this criteria to the data of the objects and then had to list the objects that were planets. The students then had to stand up and present and defend their choices to their classmates.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 10th Congressional Representative(s): Dennis J. Kucinich 15

105 Status: Sophomore, Multi-Age Education, Science Research Topic: Differences in the Planets and the Other Beings

Advisor(s): Dr. Jane Zaharias Biography: My name is Katherine Klepac, and I am currently a sophomore at Cleveland State University studying science education for adolescents to young adults. Two years ago, I graduated second in my class at Euclid High School located in Euclid, Ohio. I developed my love for astronomy and all that it offers throughout school, where I was fortunate enough to visit the planetarium many times. From the first moment I set foot in it, I knew I felt something special and needed to pursue a career involving astronomy and the wonders it holds. As I grow older, I am realizing that, although I do love astronomy, my real passion is having the opportunity to spread the knowledge that I have with others. Because I have such a love for the subject, I want to provide new, budding scientists with the tools required to study the subject more in depth and develop a passion for it themselves, so that they may go on to hold great careers in astronomy and solve some of its mysteries.

At Cleveland State University, I am taking education classes that allow me to work hands-on with middle school students. My idea was to design an astronomy lesson plan that I would be able to teach these students that would both capture their attention and their interest. The difficulty with space is that it is not tangible. Everything on earth, you are able to see, touch and explore but outer space is a completely different story. The students need to be able to grasp, understand, and create their own picture of what is out there without ever being able to see it with their own eyes. That is why it is necessary to aid students in developing an understanding of our solar system and beyond.

Abstract: In my lesson, my students will explore the differences in the planets and the other beings included in our galaxy. We will create drawings of the planets, identifying each one’s characteristics and how they differ from Earth’s. Along with this, the students will be discussing just how large our universe is. I will explain to them how we have our eight planets in our solar system revolving around our sun, but that there are millions more throughout our universe with stars just like ours. We will dive into the material, just beginning to touch on what exactly is out there, both known and unknown. The students need to be able to grasp the universe in its entirety and all of its mystery in order to fully develop their love for the subject. They will also explore other objects that are out there such as asteroids, meteors and the asteroid belt to name a few. By doing this, it will not only help them to grow familiar with space and everything that exists in it but also help them to discover the differences and similarities that the objects have with Earth, making them more aware of their celestial surroundings.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 16

106 Status: Post-Baccalaureate, Middle Childhood Education, Science Research Topic: Connection Between the Water Cycle and Weather-related Phenomenon

Advisor(s): Dr. Tricia Long Biography: In December 2008, I graduated from Cleveland State University with a Bachelor of Science in Health Science. Currently, I am a Senior in the Middle Childhood Education Program at Cleveland State University. My concentrations areas are Language Arts and Science and my certification will be in grades four through nine. This academic school year, my Practicum student teaching internship was at The Orchard School of Science in Cleveland, Ohio in a self-contained fifth grade classroom. This semester, I am Student Teaching on Team White in the Science classes, at Brecksville-Broadview Heights Middle School. After graduation, I hope to teach both Science and Language Arts in grades five through seven. I plan to teach in the Cleveland School District for a few years initially, then possibly teach in North Carolina, South Carolina, or New York.

Abstract: Weather (in the short term) and climate (in the long term) involve the transfer of energy in and out of the atmosphere. Solar radiation heats land masses, oceans, and air; this is the primary source of energy driving all weather conditions. Students will examine what causes changes in weather conditions and the variables of weather, including: temperature, precipitation, wind, and air pressure. In addition, mid-latitude weather patterns such as air masses, fronts, and pressure systems will be studied and students will learn to make weather predictions based on the changing cloud types associated with frontal systems.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 16th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Renacci 17

107 Status: Post-Baccalaureate, Multi-Age Education, Mathematics Research Topic: Why Math?

Advisor(s): Dr. Robert Ferguson Biography: After being laid off from JP Morgan Chase, I decided to take the opportunity to get my teaching license in Mathematics. As a father of five who has served in the Military and had over 20 years of professional experience, I am grateful for the opportunity to move into a profession I know I will love. I will graduate in May of 2012 with License to Teach Math for grade 7th-12th. As a mature adult I think my years of experience in other fields will benefit my students tremendously and it is opportunities like this that have made this career transition possible. I have already begun to return this favor thru volunteer tutoring, founding WeTeach@CSU, a student organization for Teachers of Math and Science grades 7th-12th, and maintaining and academic standard that has placed me on the Dean’s list.

Abstract: As a prospective Math Teacher I have thought a lot about how to use the treasury trove of information NASA has made available. After looking at all the different Idea others have had on how to teach specific lessons it occurred to me that before teaching can take place students must want to learn and understand how and education can benefit them. This led me to the Idea of developing a WOW type of lesson to give my students on the first day of class that will set the tone for the year to come. The number one question I have always heard from others as a student and a parent is “why do I need to know this”. NASA is the perfect organization to use to capture a student’s attention and open them up to the possibilities a great education can provide. I plan to show how everything involved in NASA uses mathematics, from the creation of the web pages, experiments, budgets, construction, launches, space flight, and even designing and using telescopes. Through this activity I plan on building a fire inside my students that I can tend every class for the rest of the year.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 18

108 Status: Senior, Early Childhood Education Research Topic: Phases of the Moon (for 2nd and 3rd Grade)

Advisor(s): Cathy Mowrer Biography: My name is Elise Lund. I am a Senior at Marietta College in Marietta, OH. My major is: Early Childhood Education with a minor in Spanish. I have wanted to become a teacher since I was in the 2nd grade. To me, watching children learn and discover new concepts is the best job in the world. After graduation I hope to teach in North Carolina and eventually abroad. In my free time I love spending time with friends and family, watching and playing tennis, and reading. Abstract: For my NASA / Ohio Space Grant project I will be focusing on teaching 2nd-3rd graders about the phases of the moon. The concept that I hope to teach is the idea of waxing and waning. I feel students get very confused when looking at the moon, and deciding which side is waxing and which is waning. To address this the class will be making moon books. The book starts with a black circle with a secret flap that can be lifted to reveal “New Moon”. Students will then flip the next page and it adds a yellow crescent on the right side with a secret flap that can be opened to say “Waxing Crescent”. The book continues through all the phases of the moon. The interactive flap is to challenge the students to figure out what phase they are looking at, and then they can lift the flap to check if they are correct. The template for the moon booklet will be turned into a PDF document so NASA can put it on their lesson plans website. I am also creating a song to accompany the moon book.

Next, I want to concentrate on how the moon is always half lit. This is a hard concept for children to understand because they only see portions of the moon lit on any given day. Children view the new moon and don’t understand how the moon is lit when they can’t see any portion of the moon. I plan on doing a demonstration with a ball and a flashlight in the dark to show that just because you don’t see the part of the moon that is lit, it does not mean it is not lit.

Finally, to take the moon books and moon demonstration a step further I will integrate language arts into the activity with moon journals. Moon journals are a creative way for children to observe the moon and record their findings. The moon journal is an assignment for the students to observe the moon for 15 days up to one month. Every night they look at the moon and make a journal entry of what they see. The journal entry can be anything the child wants. It could be a cartoon, song lyric, poem, drawing, newscast, newspaper article, diary entry, and so on. The students will share their journals in class.

Overall, my project idea is to discuss waxing and waning along with the phases of the moon. We will also talk about how the moon is half lit at all times and make moon journals. I want to add the song in to help struggling learners and add some musicality to the lesson. I will be using the NASA website to find great photos of the moon. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 33

109 Status: Senior, Early Childhood Education Research Topic: Gyroscopes

Advisor(s): Cathy Mowrer Biography: Leah Mendenhall is a Senior at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio. She is an Early Childhood Education Major and has obtained or is work towards certificates/endorsements in Teacher Leadership, Reading, and 4th and 5th Grade Education. She is a member of the Marietta College Band, the local chapter of , the Marietta College Ultimate Frisbee Team, and a member of the Fraternity. Leah enjoys being active and involved with the people around her no matter what she is doing. As her time at Marietta College comes to a close, Leah’s future plans are to continue her education by attending graduate school to pursue a Master’s Degree in Library Sciences. Abstract: Gyroscopes are something that I have been familiar with all my life. My Dad actually bought one for the family when I was very young and mesmerized me with its almost “anti-gravitational” abilities. As something that I loved learning about as a child and still enjoy today, I chose gyroscopes as the topic of my project. For the project, I want to show students, through hands-on manipulatives, the forces and movements that make gyroscopic affect possible. Then I would like to show students how NASA actually uses their capabilities in many different ways.

The manipulatives that I will be using, in order to explain gyroscopes and the forces that act upon them to make them behave as they do, include (but are subject to change): yoyo’s, actual gyroscopes, several types of toy tops, bicycle wheels, and an actual bicycle. A booklet will be included with the project that is interactive for students to complete as they explore each type of gyroscope. The booklet will include some critical thinking questions that forces students to apply what they have learned through the presentation. My goal by the end of the lesson is that students will have gained an understanding of gyroscopes, forces, and the uses of these unique tools. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 7th Congressional Representative(s): Steve Austria 34

110 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Mathematics Research Topic: The Trajectory of Comets

Advisor(s): Sandra Schroeder Biography: In 2008, I graduated from Van Buren High School near which is a small town outside of Findlay. I am currently a Junior Mathematics Education major with a minor in Computer Science at Ohio Northern University. While at Ohio Northern I have been a part of the football team for all three years I have been at Ohio Northern as well as an active member of the fraternity, Delta Sigma Phi where I hold and executive position.

After I graduate, I would like to obtain a teaching job somewhere along the coastal United States. While teaching, I hope to be coach football and working toward my Master’s Degree in Mathematics.

Abstract: For my lesson I will be discussing the trajectory of comets when their paths are elliptical. I will first pose a question, is there a way we will be able to determine whether or not we will be able to see a comet after seeing it the first time. I will lead them in a discussion about what each of them knows about comets I will lead this discussion into their flight paths which will lead into a review of ellipses for the class. This review will include things like conic sections, eccentricity and minor and major axes. At the end of this first day I will give the students a work sheet in order to reinforce what we discussed about ellipses and strengthen their understanding for a later application.

The next day I will apply our understanding of ellipses into the orbit of a comet. I will ask the class that when we see a comet how can we be sure that we will see it again. I will review Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion and discuss the equation of an ellipse. When this is done, I will then pose an example of a comet and work through the problem with the class to find the length of the orbit of the comet and when we will be able to see it again. After that I will hand out a worksheet that will allow the students to apply their knowledge learned about the paths of comets and the math behind it.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 4th Congressional Representative(s): Jim Jordan 41

111 Status: Senior, Middle Childhood Education, Science and Mathematics Research Topic: Our Star, the Sun: Understanding Sunspot Cycles

Advisor(s): Dr. Leisa Martin Biography: I am currently a Senior at The University of Akron working towards a Bachelor of Science Degree in Education. Since science and mathematics have always been my favorite subjects in school, I chose them as my areas of concentration. My experience with children has involved volunteering my time to teach for the children’s ministry at my church, and working for school age child care programs. I am an active member of my church as I volunteer my time as a member of the worship team. In addition, I am tutoring children in the areas of mathematics and reading to aid in their preparation for the Ohio Achievement Test, as I work for Education Recruiting Services. I feel very fortunate to have the opportunity to bless the lives of so many children, while they have touched my heart as well. Therefore, my goal as a future educator is to encourage and excite children about science and mathematics. I feel that it is my responsibility to provide children with an education that will encourage them to be the best they can be, and perhaps inspire them to pursue careers in science and mathematics.

Abstract: The underlying purpose of my project is to create an activity that integrates the subjects of science, mathematics, and technology. Because these subjects are often taught separately, children tend to view them as separate entities, causing them to overlook or perhaps choose to ignore the connections that they often share. Therefore, the goal of my project is to help students realize these connections and their importance, while also inspiring them to pursue careers in science, mathematics, and technology. Since it contains some higher level science and mathematical concepts, my project is most likely suited for an 8th or 9th grade science or math class. Utilizing the “Sunspot cycles” activity in NASA’s “Adventures in Space Science Mathematics" collection along with information about the Sun, students will learn about the characteristics of the Sun, and more specifically, sunspots. Using the “Sunspot cycles” activity, students will analyze the data to determine the mean, median, mode, and range of the data on sunspot numbers. Next, using Microsoft Excel, students will learn how to create a chart for the data. Then, they will learn how to create graphs as another means for displaying the data. In addition, they will use data points on one of the graphs in order to calculate the slope of a line segment of the graph, and also determine the equation of that line segment. Students will also note the differences between the graph displaying the solar maximums and the graph displaying the solar minimums. Finally, students will read and discuss a NASA article entitled, “Are Sunspots Disappearing?”

Publications: 1. Hudak, M. J. (2009, April). Discovering properties of stars: Color, luminosity, and temperature. NASA/Ohio Space Grant Consortium: 2008-2009 Annual Student Research Symposium Proceedings XVII, (137-138).

Congressional District(s): 13th Congressional Representative(s): Betty Sutton 62

112 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult (AYA) Education, Mathematics Research Topic: Glow with the Flow Activity

Advisor(s): Dr. Craig C. Menzemer Biography: Zachary Tocchi is a third year student at The University of Akron and plans to obtain an integrated mathematics licensure to teach grades seven through twelve. He currently works for The University of Akron in the Applied Mathematics Research Lab as their computer administrator as well as working at the National Inventors Hall of Fame ® School Center for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Learning as an after-school instructor. In his free time, he enjoys helping community members fix their computers and has built a few websites for local companies.

Abstract: When I was in high school, the math class I enjoyed the least was Geometry which was due to the shear memorization of proofs that really did not make sense to me. Then it turned into a bunch of formulas that you had to memorize to do the work asked. I’ve been working hard trying to come up with ideas that would help better the geometry program that I will one day teach.

On the NASA website, I found a Geometry and Algebra activity by the name of Glow with the Flow which is a two day activity that combines the students’ knowledge from both geometry and algebra and ties their learning to several real-world applications that could be fun and allow them to see other applications. I always see that if a student knows why something is important or where something becomes more useful, they understand it a lot better and maybe even enjoy the subject more.

Not only is the activity something they could do in my geometry classroom, I could work together with the science department teacher and ask that they complete half of the activity in that classroom and do the analysis in mine. I will construct a lesson plan around this Glow with the Flow activity.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 13th Congressional Representative(s): Betty Sutton 66

113 Status: Graduate Student, Adolescent to Young Adult Education, Science Research Topic: Space Spectroscopy

Advisor(s): Dr. Rebecca Schneider Biography: I graduated in 2001 from the University of Hawaii and returned to my home town of Toledo, Ohio. From there I worked in the chemical and photovoltaic industry. I had considered teaching as a career, and when my wife told me about master's programs in Education at The university of Toledo I applied and was accepted. I am currently interning at Start High School, one of the top high schools in the Toledo Public Schools System. I am currently teaching biology, but will soon pick up physical science and chemistry sections.

Abstract: In some chemistry and physical chemistry courses spectroscopy is briefly mentioned. However, the fact that atomic and molecular spectroscopy is at the heart of atomic theories and the fact that spectroscopy is a powerful tool for determining the elemental and molecular composition of stars, nebulae, and the atmospheres of planets, suggests that it is a topic the is great for integrating across a curriculum. I intend to introduce students to spectroscopy by learning through the Chandra X-ray telescope resource from NASA. The lesson will first demonstrate the principles here on Earth and then show how they are then used to make observations of celestial objects.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 9th Congressional Representative(s): Marcy Kaptur 69

114 Status: Graduate Student, Adolescent to Young Adult Education, Science Research Topic: Using NASA Resources to Launch Students' Science Projects

Advisor(s): Dr. Mark Templin Biography: I am a non-traditional student who is pursuing a second career as a Science Teacher for middle school or high school. Prior to entering the education field, I spent over 20 years in the environmental, health and safety field. I am currently enrolled in The University of Toledo UT3 Licensure Alternative Master's Program (LAMP), which is designed for students who already have an undergraduate degree in science or mathematics. I am currently working as a Student Teacher at a highly successful charter school where the arts and academics are integrated for a unique learning environment. I plan to graduate from the program and obtain my teaching license in the spring of 2011. At that time, I hope to be hired as an Integrated Science Teacher for adolescents and young adults in a high-needs school district in Northwest Ohio.

Abstract: I am using the “Newton Car” from NASA’s Rocket Activity resource guide to prepare and teach an inquiry-based and arts-integrated lesson for a unit on motion and forces. My goal for the unit is for my students to understand and apply Newton’s Laws of Motion to activities that are important in their lives. Through the Newton Car lesson, I will be able to draw meaningful connections between the Newton cars and test tracks with the automotive industry, which is an important aspect in my students’ community. I will also be able to integrate this Physics lesson with the visual arts by providing an opportunity for my students to create and decorate their cars and test tracks. I expect this lesson will provide fun and engaging activities for my students to investigate the relationship between forces and motion and mass. I will use discourse, assignments and reflections to assess and direct my students’ inquiry towards an understanding of Newton’s Laws of Motion. My academic objectives for the students include:

1. Construction and decoration of a "Newton" car. 2. Cooperation with team-mates to construct test tracks. 3. Investigation of factors that affect acceleration of a “Newton” car. 4. Presentation of findings through choice of written report, oral report, poster, PowerPoint slides, or other graphics.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 5th Congressional Representative(s): Robert E. Latta 70

115 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Math/Science Research Topic: The Rock Cycle—On Earth and Out of this World

Advisor(s): Amber Brass Biography: My name is Heather Bennett and I am majoring in middle childhood education at the University of Cincinnati with a concentration in math and science and a minor in biology. As a child, I lived in various parts of California and Idaho, but my family moved permanently to Ohio when I was nine years old. We have enjoyed the flow of seasons here, still marveling at the wonders of frothy redbuds and fiery autumn maples. Insatiably curious from the time I could crawl, I have always pored over the intricacies of hexagonal cracks in parched soil and pulsing, wriggly bodies of earthworms, begging to know how and why. Among my favorite books as a child were elementary field guides categorizing stars, insects, mollusks, angiosperms, cetaceans and all things weird and wonderful. Choosing a favorite subject was difficult—the entire day was full of discovery, between studying the diversity of cultures, stories, music and art of people across space and time to uncovering the gears of the universe, though I was especially enthusiastic about sharing what I had learned in science. However, I knew which class I did not like. Math did not come easily to me, and in comparison with the other colorful disciplines, it seemed so grey and boring. Each year I fought with numbers, leaving not a few tear stains on my homework and tests. Fortunately, I was eventually blessed with teachers who opened my mind to math’s connections to science, art, and even my piano music. Their guidance and support and my hard work paid off: In the end, I achieved National Merit Finalist status and earned straight-A’s through graduation. At senior awards night, I was thrilled and touched when my teachers named me and a classmate the Outstanding Students in Mathematics. Clutching my new copy of The Math Curse (signed with well wishes from my instructors), I reflected on the indelible impact teachers had made in my life, certain that I had made the right decision in selecting math and science education as my major. I want to help the kids in my class someday to tackle math and science in meaningful contexts that reveal the purpose of learning and to have fun! NASA’s educational mission will play an important role in helping me and my students reach these goals. I am confident that anxiety and apathy will not be the same serious obstacles for them when my students taste success.

Abstract: This set of lessons, which aligns with the Ohio sixth-grade Earth and space science standards, incorporates materials and activities from the Exploring the Moon teacher’s guide and complements instruction on the rock cycle and the minerals that make up rocks. Using models made from common household materials, students will demonstrate the importance of the atmosphere and agents of erosion like surface water, ice and wind to Earth’s rock cycle by comparison with the Moon. They will also investigate “moon rock recipes”—how four minerals that also occur on Earth (plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, olivine and ilmenite) create different types of rock in different proportions and conditions. Finally, while making their own edible breccias, students will discover how minerals get “mixed up” into rocks on Earth and on the Moon. Students’ progress will be assessed on the basis of short creative projects comparing the “life and times” of a lunar rock and a terrestrial rock

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 2nd Congressional Representative(s): Jean Schmidt 74

116 Status: Senior, Early Childhood Education Research Topic: Stars and Constellations

Advisor(s): Linda Plevyak Biography: I am currently a Senior at the University of Cincinnati and will graduate with a degree in early childhood education. My student teaching is underway in a first grade classroom at Kilgour Elementary. Student teaching has allowed me to gain valuable experiences that have provided me with a strong foundation for when I become an educator. While in college I have been involved in many student organizations. I was involved with the Mountaineering Club, Rowing Club, and was vice president of Into the City. I am currently coaching Girls on the Run at Kilgour Elementary.

Abstract: For my project I will be discussing stars and constellations with my first grade class. This Night Sky unit will be comprised of two days discussing stars, two days studying constellations, and on the last day there will be a guest speaker who has taught astronomy courses. Each lesson will begin with a book being read about the night sky. Questions will then be asked to gained information about what the children know about stars and constellations. During the unit the students will be able to create their own story about a constellation they created. They will see how stars are still present in the sky, even during the day, by using flash lights. Also, the students will write words and phrases that describe stars.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 1st Congressional Representative(s): Steve Chabot 79

117 Status: Senior, Early Childhood Education Research Topic: Geometry in Rockets

Advisor(s): Sally Mommaw Biography: In 2007 I graduated from Milford High School in Milford, Ohio. It was during my high school experience that I discovered my calling to be an educator. I did many volunteer projects with my youth group during high school. One, including a summer trip down to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. On this trip, I was given the opportunity to work with urban students who were behind in their schooling due to the evacuation. It was there that I discovered my passion for working with children. Since that year, I have graduated with an Associate's Degree in Early Childhood and am anticipating graduation in June, 2011. I also have a love and passion for math and science that I have used in my work with the STEM program at the University of Cincinnati as well as the Ohio Space Grant through NASA.

Abstract: I will be implementing a “Geometry in Rockets” STEM activity in a third grade classroom based on both math and science third grade standards. Students will be doing research about rockets and learning about their construction and purpose. Students will then be designing a two-dimensional design of their own rocket. They will be asked questions like “What shapes will you need to build your rocket?” Students will use their two-dimensional model and create a three dimensional model using construction paper, clay and PVC pipe. Students will then have to design a purpose and hypothesis for their rocket. They will learn about the acronym of NASA and create their own name for their rocket. After creating their proposals, students will discuss and watch “Toys in Space” a NASA Core DVD of NASA astronauts conducting research in space. Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 2nd Congressional Representative(s): Jean Schmidt 81

118 Status: Senior, Middle Childhood Education, Science Research Topic: NASA’s Vital Role in Modern Education

Advisor(s): Dr. Diana Hunn Biography: In 1972, I graduated form Julienne High School in Dayton, Ohio. After a career in the public service/retail area, I was married in 1991. I have two sons, Erik and Nick, who are ages 25 and 18. In 2006, my husband passed away and I decided to return to school and get a degree. In a very short period of time, I realized that teaching was my passion, and science, in particular. I am currently student teaching in the Miamisburg, Ohio, School District. I hope to bring the excitement and innovation that NASA represents to all my students and to use this experience to enrich and share my knowledge about what NASA can bring to education in Ohio.

Abstract: The goal of my topic is a three-fold look at the past, present and future of NASA. First, is the historical presentation of NASA as a cultural and scientific part of American life; the second is to present to students the scientific benefits and knowledge that have come from NASA research (intended and unintended), and lastly, to present NASA as a vital part of the future of this nation. NASA represents the cutting edge of science and the STEM initiatives that are taking place all over the country which are so important in the science classroom. Even beyond the classroom, though, is the importance in the boardrooms of our nation’s corporations as they look for innovation and new products. As an extension, I propose an educational idea that could bring NASA’s new Robonaut 2 into the classroom to assist teachers in reaching all their students.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 3rd Congressional Representative(s): Michael R. Turner 88

119 Status: Sophomore, Adolescent to Young Adult (AYA) Education, Math Research Topic: Lunar Math

Advisor(s): Karen Henning Biography: My name is Danielle DeChellis, and I am currently in my sophomore year at Youngstown State University. I am working toward achieving my Bachelor of Science in Education focusing on Mathematics. At Youngstown State, I am involved in the Youngstown State Education Association, as well as the Emerging Leaders program. In addition to being involved on campus, I am also a 7th grade girl’s volleyball coach at my local parish. I enjoy being a role model for young children, and I love being given the opportunity to teach them what I know. I hope to get a teaching position in a public school near my home teaching high school mathematics. Then, I hope to continue my education by pursuing my Masters Degree in Mathematics Education. I am looking forward to teaching young adults the importance of the use of mathematics in everyday life.

Abstract: In my project, I will use NASA materials to create a lesson plan that teaches students to calculate the distance between the Earth and Moon. In this lesson, 7th and 8th grade students will use different size sports balls to create scale models of the Earth and Moon. Using the “Moon ABCs Fact Sheet,” students will be able to create a scale for the different sports balls. Focusing on proportions and conversions, the students will be separated into groups, and they will answer questions about their scale models of Earth and Moon. In conclusion, they will try to see if their models fit in the classroom. This will help them see how great the distance between the two bodies really is.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 6th Congressional Representative(s): Bill Johnson 104

120 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult (AYA) Education, Science Research Topic: Rocket Fuels and Propellants

Advisor(s): Karen Henning Biography: I was born in Harare, Zimbabwe. I then moved to America when I was two years old. After attending up to the third grade here in America, my family moved back to Zimbabwe. I proceeded to live in Zimbabwe till I was a junior in high school, when I received a financial aid scholarship to attend the McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Here I was elected to the Leaders of the school, Keo-kio committee, as a senior and I won two tennis state championships. I was then recruited to play tennis at the University of Arkansas, which I attended for a year and a half. I then transferred to Youngstown State University due to financial reasons. I have been at Youngstown State for the past two years, I am currently a Junior with a cumulative G.P.A of 3.49 and I am majoring in Integrated Science with a focus in Chemistry. I plan to finish my Bachelor’s Degree and then go for my Master’s Degree in Science Education. I am also planning to try and coach Division One college tennis in the future.

Abstract: I plan to design a lesson that explores Reaction Rates and what makes it increase or decrease. I plan to use the Anti-acid tablet race experiment to show how surface area affects reaction rates and how it relates to rocket fuel and propellants. I then plan to modify the experiment by adding different temperature settings and different concentrations of the tablet, and different mediums to dissolve the tablet.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 17th Congressional Representative(s): Timothy J. Ryan 107

121 Status: Junior, Adolescent to Young Adult Education (AYA), Science Research Topic: Projectile Motion and Escape Velocity

Advisor(s): Karen Henning Biography: In 2008, I graduated from Poland Seminary High School. Currently, I am a Junior at Youngstown State University, and will graduate in 2013 with a degree in secondary education focusing on integrated science. I am involved with many organizations, such as Alpha Omega Pi, National Education Association, and Sigma Alpha Lambda, where I have opportunities to participate in many philanthropic activities allowing myself to aid and teach children in the world of science. After graduation, I plan to start looking for jobs in my desired field.

Abstract: Rocks and minerals give geologists important information about a planet’s history. Describing and classifying certain rocks allow geologists and other researchers to acquire knowledge on how the rocks were formed and what processes have changed them over time. For the project, students will have to familiarize themselves with rock and mineral identification information. Once they familiarize themselves, they are to collect as many rocks as possible. Next, they are to observe and record certain characteristics of the rocks that were obtained in order to predict certain information about each rock. The final part of the activity will be to challenge the students to predict what lunar rocks look like and possible origins based of the information they obtained on Earth rocks. The “Moon ABCs Fact Sheet” will help them with this activity. Through this activity I hope students have a better understanding of where lunar rocks and Earth rocks originated from and how they can change over time.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 17th Congressional Representative(s): Timothy J. Ryan 109

122 BRIDGE

SCHOLAR Status: Sophomore, International Business/Chemistry Research Topic: Biofuels as an Alternative Fuel Source for Aviation

Advisor(s): Dr. Bilal Mark McDowell Bomani Biography: My name is Tyra Studmire, and I am currently a sophomore at Cleveland State University. I will graduate in December of 2013.

I have been interning at NASA GRC for two years. The internship has made a significant difference in my views, and I hope to someday share these views with others.

Abstract: During my time at NASA, I was under the tutelage of Dr. Bomani. His research instantly drew my attention. Using whatever means possible to prolong the life of this Earth is definitely a good cause. The use of aviation directly depends on the availability of fuel. With prices of fuel increasing (Hubbard’s Peak), it is not easy to get fuel. Thus, biofuels are considered a viable alternative to securing the future of aviation. Biofuels are a renewable energy source, which could be customized to different fuel needs, including jet fuel.

There are two principle sources for biofuels that are being used: seawater algae, and arid land halophytes. When creating these biofuels, there are three rules we follow: 1) we do not use fresh water because it competes with human consumption. Only 2.5% of the earth is made up of fresh water while 97% is salt water. Thus, we put the salt water to good use. 2) We do not compete against traditional food crops, such as corn, soybeans, sugarcane, etc. 3) We do not use arable land (land used to grow crops) because it competes with food crops. Using halophytes from different parts of the world, we are hoping to one day change the way the Earth uses fuel.

Publications: None yet.

Congressional District(s): 11th Congressional Representative(s): Marcia L. Fudge 22

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