DOCSLIB.ORG

Indonesian Hijriah Calendar Unification Urgency in the Perspective of Maqasid Sunnah Nabawiyah and Maqasid Shariah : a Qualitative Literature Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indonesian Hijriah Calendar Unification Urgency in the Perspective of Maqasid Sunnah Nabawiyah and Maqasid Shariah : a Qualitative Literature Review International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No.4, (2020), pp. 3095 – 3110 Indonesian Hijriah Calendar Unification Urgency in the Perspective of Maqasid Sunnah Nabawiyah and Maqasid Shariah : A Qualitative Literature Review Abdul Mufid1*, Agus Purwanto2, Ahmad Asrof Fitri3, Rohmad Adi Yulianto4, Masduki Asbari5, Fatrilia Rasyi Radita6, Yoyok Cahyono7 1Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Khozinatul Ulum Blora, Indonesia 25Pelita Harapan University, Indonesia 3Islamic Institute of AL-AZIS, Indonesia 4Universitas Islam As-Syafiiyah, Indonesia 56STMIK Insan Pembangunan 7Universitas Pramita Indonesia, Indonesia *Cooresponding Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study discusses the principle of unifying the Islamic calendar in the perspective of the maqasid sunah nabawiyah and the maqasid shariah. This study aims to explore maqasid sunah nabawiyah and maqasid shariah on the unification project of the Hijri calendar in the Indonesian context. Questions to be answered include the level of need for integrated or unified calendar ownership in Indonesia. In the Indonesian context there are three views. First, the school of pessimism. Second, the school of optimism. Third, the middle school. For schools of pessimism, it is assumed that making a world almanac is like a longing for the moon.Contrary to the school of pessimism, the school of optimism. According to this school, Indonesian Muslims must be optimistic and must strive to unify the Hijri calendar. Furthermore, the school is looking at that the unification of the calendar, both local and global, is equally important. If it can be done at once, it will be efficient and meaningful. This study is in the form of a literature study with the approach of the maqasid sunahnabawiyah and the maqasid shariah. The results of the study showed that based on analysis of maqasid sunah nabawiyah and maqasid shariah, the need for a single calendar in the Indonesian context did not reach the emergency level (primary). Because without an integrated Hijri calendar, even Muslims (specifically) in Indonesia and citizens (in general) continue to live in harmony and peace, not to cause chaos and chaos . The implications of this research are expected to be leaders of cross-mass organizations in Indonesia to be encouraged in facing all forms of progress in unifying the Islamic calendar. Keywords: Maqasid Shariah , Maqasid Sunah Nabawiyah, Calendar Unification INTRODUCTION Thought pulled in Hijri calendar unifikatif born in response to the problem inconsistency calendar system used by Muslims today. This situation then results in differences in the implementation of Muslim worship, such as Ramadan fasting, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and so on . But the emergence of thoughts about the unification of the Hijri calendar is not necessarily a solution to the problem in the midst of Muslims, many times international meetings are held but there is no agreement, various responses emerge at the theoretical and practical level, the pros and cons also adorn the concept offer the unification given (Rahman Fitra 2018, 360) . Calendar is very important for humans, because it is a tracking system, regulator and time divider. For Muslims, a calendar is very important . Many Muslim worship services are related to ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3095 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No.4, (2020), pp. 3095 – 3110 the calendar, such as Ramadan fasting , Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha celebrations, as well as the implementation of the pilgrimage. Muslims throughout the world in the month of Ramadan, Shawal, and zulhijah often experience uncertainty about when the beginning and end of fasting. The discourse is often a debate on the issue of determining first month Kamariah in the Islamic world in general and in Indonesia in particular is debate among proponents of the hisab and rukyat method on one side and debate between bearers of ideas of unification calendar Hijriah global and idea’s pioneer unification calendar Hijriah national and regional the other side. Adherents of the hisab and rukyat methods each feel that the method is the most valid shar'i and in accordance with the principles in astronomy. At a certain level, both methods still leave problems unresolved and often controversial. In Indonesia, the method, for example, is still divided into two large poles; wujudul hilal and hisab hilal visibilation. Wujudul hilal requires the entry of a new month Hijriah on two things, namely the occurrence of conjunctions before the sunset of the sun (ijtima 'qabl al-ghuru b ), and at the time of setting the disk of the moon on the horizon is above the horizon (the new moon has come into being). This is what is used by Muhammadiyah in its system as stated in the Muhabadiyah Guidelines ( Muhammadiyah Council and PP. Muhammadiyah 2009, 78). Meanwhile the of rukyat in addition to requiring ijtima 'qabl al-ghurub , the entry of the new month Hijriah is also based on the position of the new moon that may be seen. That is, the reality beginning of a new month Hijriah based on the appearance of the new moon (Azhari 2007, 1 10 ; Ichtijanto 1981, 99-100 ) .The system hilal visibilitation is then spawned a variety of criteria the visibility of the new moon. The diversity of the crescent visibility criteria and not there is agreement about hilal visibility criteria that will be used in Indonesia could be one reason for followers to reject hisabimkanrukyat wujudul hilal. On the other hand, adherents of imkanrukyat assume that criteria wujudul hilal are criteria that can not be proven scientific empirical. Rukyat methods in some cases also led to controversy that no less serious in Indonesia. The witness of the observation of the new moon in Cakung at the beginning of the month of Ramadan 1433 H is the most recent controversial case that occurred in the beginning of the Islamic month in Indonesia. On the one hand, the testimony of the observed new moon like this regarded as valid in view of jurisprudence as an observer reported by fair and conducting under oath. That is, as if it were as if there was no reason to reject the witness' observation of the new moon in that condition. However, on the other hand, the testimony is considered not to meet scientific criteria in modern astronomy. The inaccuracy of hisab system used by observers, errors in determining the position of the new moon, the position of the new moon is still below the threshold of observation of the new moon in the criteria of new moon visibility in Indonesia and in the international world and there is no empirical evidence of the observation of the new moon at that time because the report states that the new moon be some reason for not receiving ter report a death hilal in Cakung. Debate on the calendar unification Hijriah global and national also be a discourse that is not clear at what point will deal starting. Some figures offer calendar enforcement Hijriah could unify global to regional and global calendar, while others offer thingking to unify calendar Hijriah national before heading global unify. ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3096 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No.4, (2020), pp. 3095 – 3110 There is some previous literature related to the unification of the Hijri calendar. The literature here is classified by year of publication. First, research published in 2020, included: a). paper which is written by FF Hasib, ADB Nurdiansyah, and YR Setiawan with the title The Impact of Ecotourism Mangrove on Welfare from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Sharia (Hasib, Nurdiansyah, and Setiawan 2020, 502-12) . b). article written by Ahmad Ainul Yaqin with the title Opportunities and Challenges of the International Islamic Calendar Mohammad Ilyas (Ainul Yaqin 2020, 3 2-51 ) . c). According Novi Sopwan and Abu Dzarrin al-Hamidy entitled Implications Criteria Hilal Visibility Against Recommendation Jakarta 2017 Hijri calendar in Indonesia (Sopwan and al-Hamidy 2020, 52-73) . d). Paper written by Siti Muslifah with The title Efforts Addressing Differences Determining Start Month Qamariyah in Indonesia (Muslifah 2020, 74-100) . To two, paper published in 2019, include: a). Mohammad Abdullah's research entitled Reflection of Maqasid al-Shari'ah in the classical Fiqh al-Awqa f (Abdullah 2019) . b). paper written by Ibrahim Jamiu entitled Maqā S id al-Shariah and Effects of Their Negligence on Religious Extremism: A casestudy of Boko Haram of Nigeria (Jamiu 2019, 68 -80 ) . c). Syamsul Anwar's writings with the title Maqasid Sharia Review of the Global Islamic Calendar (Anwar 2019, 205 -220 ) . d). Paper written by Abdul Mufid with the title Unification of the International Hijri Calendar in the Perspective of Yusuf al- Qaradawi (Mufid 2019, 71-83) . e). Ahmad Fadholi's writings titled Acceptability of the Draft New Criteria for Determination of the Hijri Calendar According to Falak Experts in Indonesia (Fadholi 2019, 101-14). Third, articles published in 2018 include: a). A article written by Hanan Sari and Muhammad Abu al-Lais al-Khair Abadi with the title Tatawwur 'Ilm Maqasid al-Syariah' Ibara al- Tarikh al-Islami (Sari and al-Khair Abadi 2018, 35-49) . b). Paper written by Abdul Bari and Ahmad Akram with the title Maqasid al-Sunah al-Nabawiyah Ghair al-Tasyri'iyah (Bari and Akram 2018, 107-127) . c). A article written by Nawawi Tabrani with the title Fahm al-Sunah al-Nabawiyah fi Daui Qawa'id al-Maqasid al-Syar'iyah (Tabrani 2018) . d). Article written by Abdul Qoyum with the title Framework and the Development of Islamic Finance Products: The Case of Indonesia (Qoyum 2018, 169-88) . e). Paper written by M. Abdullah with the title Waqf, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Maqasid al-Shariah (Abdullah 2018, 158-172) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Between Secularist and Jihadist Bodes, Egypt and Sudan in Crossroads
    European Scientific Journal September 2016 edition vol.12, No.26 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Between Secularist and Jihadist Bodes, Egypt and Sudan in Crossroads Mahgoub El-Tigani Mahmoud Tennessee State University doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n26p21 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n26p21 Abstract The societal conflicts between Secularist groups and Jihadist militants on the role religious orientations played in the state democratization, social justice, human rights, and population development posited national exigencies un-decisively met by governments of the African and Arab regions. Part one of our research theorized three typologies shaping the challenges of similar conflicts in the Arab-African states of Egypt and Sudan. The typologies symbolized a Sufi culture perpetuating Muslims’ humanitarian relations; Secularist thought excluding the politics of faith; and Jihadist reactionaries manipulating symbolic representation of religion in the striving for power domains. Lacking in serenity the Sufi culture maintained for ages by popular prevalence, the Jihadist reactionaries sponsored a theocratic militancy that generated instability by excessive violence. Entrenched in non-democratic authoritative systems, the state failed in both countries to end peacefully the deepened tensions of the ongoing contradictions. Preserving the popular culture and supporting democratic governance, the Sufi/Secularist groups would probably continue to resist the theocratic dogma that evidently penetrated the region. Part two of
    [Show full text]
  • RAMADAN 1442 (2021) Timetable
    RAMADAN Sunnah Intention for Opening the fast َّ ُ َّ ْ َ َّ َذ َﻫ َﺐ اﻟﻈَﻤﺄ َواْﺑَﺘﻠ ِﺖ اﻟُﻌ ُﺮو ُق َوَﺛَﺒ َﺖ اﻟﺄ ْﺟ ُﺮ إِ ْن َﺷﺎَء اﻟﻠُﻪ (2021) 1442 "The thirst has been quenched, the blood vessels have been moistened, Timetable and the reward is sure to be established, by the will of Allah" Support our Sustainable Water Project in Africa by purchasing this reusable, leakproof water bottle We are grateful to our Sunnah Iftar Sponsors The #1 Charity for Gaza Balham Masjid & Tooting Islamic Centre Zawaal time starts 10 minutes before Zuhr beginning time Supported by Working with Public Health During Ramdan, Jamaat for Magrhib Salaat Will Take Place Five Minutes After Azaan Zakat-ul-Fitr Please pay your Fitra as soon as possible so that it reaches the needy before Eid-ul-Fitr. Fitra is set at a minimum amount of £3.00 per person and can be deposited in the Mosque office or in the allocated collection box SUPPLICATIONS ﯾﺎ ﺣﻲ ﯾﺎ ﻗﯿﻮم ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﻚ اﺳﺘﻐﯿﺚ Ya-Hayyu Ya-Qayyumu Birahmatika Astagees "O Living, O Sustaining, in Your mercy, I seek relief!" أﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ رﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ذﻧﺐ وأﺗﻮب إﻟﯿﻪ Astaghfirullaha Rabbi Min Kulli Zambiyon Wa Atoobu ilaih "I seek forgiveness from Allah, my Lord, from every sin I have committed" All dates subject to sighting of the new crescent moon :Jumma Times for Ramadan: Itekaaf اﻟﻠﻬﻢ أﺟﺮِﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎر Balham Masjid Tooting Islamic Centre Due to the pandemic, and per guidelines from BIMA & 1:30 pm | 2:00 pm 1:30 pm | 2:00 pm | 2:30 pm MCB, Itekaaf will be strictly limited to a maximum of Allahumma ajirni min an-nar 2-3 individuals
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Psychology
    Islamic Psychology Islamic Psychology or ilm an-nafs (science of the soul) is an important introductory textbook drawing on the latest evidence in the sub-disciplines of psychology to provide a balanced and comprehensive view of human nature, behaviour and experience. Its foundation to develop theories about human nature is based upon the writings of the Qur’an, Sunnah, Muslim scholars and contemporary research findings. Synthesising contemporary empirical psychology and Islamic psychology, this book is holistic in both nature and process and includes the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of human behaviour and experience. Through a broad and comprehensive scope, the book addresses three main areas: Context, perspectives and the clinical applications of applied psychology from an Islamic approach. This book is a core text on Islamic psychology for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those undertaking continuing professional development courses in Islamic psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. Beyond this, it is also a good supporting resource for teachers and lecturers in this field. Dr G. Hussein Rassool is Professor of Islamic Psychology, Consultant and Director for the Riphah Institute of Clinical and Professional Psychology/Centre for Islamic Psychology, Pakistan. He is accountable for the supervision and management of the four psychology departments, and has responsibility for scientific, educational and professional standards, and efficiency. He manages and coordinates the RICPP/Centre for Islamic Psychology programme of research and educational development in Islamic psychology, clinical interventions and service development, and liaises with the Head of the Departments of Psychology to assist in the integration of Islamic psychology and Islamic ethics in educational programmes and development of research initiatives and publication of research.
    [Show full text]
  • CALENDRICAL CALCULATIONS the Ultimate Edition an Invaluable
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05762-3 — Calendrical Calculations 4th Edition Frontmatter More Information CALENDRICAL CALCULATIONS The Ultimate Edition An invaluable resource for working programmers, as well as a fount of useful algorithmic tools for computer scientists, astronomers, and other calendar enthu- siasts, the Ultimate Edition updates and expands the previous edition to achieve more accurate results and present new calendar variants. The book now includes algorithmic descriptions of nearly forty calendars: the Gregorian, ISO, Icelandic, Egyptian, Armenian, Julian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Akan, Islamic (arithmetic and astro- nomical forms), Saudi Arabian, Persian (arithmetic and astronomical), Bahá’í (arithmetic and astronomical), French Revolutionary (arithmetic and astronomical), Babylonian, Hebrew (arithmetic and astronomical), Samaritan, Mayan (long count, haab, and tzolkin), Aztec (xihuitl and tonalpohualli), Balinese Pawukon, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Hindu (old arithmetic and medieval astronomical, both solar and lunisolar), and Tibetan Phug-lugs. It also includes information on major holidays and on different methods of keeping time. The necessary astronom- ical functions have been rewritten to produce more accurate results and to include calculations of moonrise and moonset. The authors frame the calendars of the world in a completely algorithmic form, allowing easy conversion among these calendars and the determination of secular and religious holidays. Lisp code for all the algorithms is available in machine- readable form. Edward M. Reingold is Professor of Computer Science at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Nachum Dershowitz is Professor of Computational Logic and Chair of Computer Science at Tel Aviv University. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05762-3 — Calendrical Calculations 4th Edition Frontmatter More Information About the Authors Edward M.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Islamic State Propaganda
    Contents 1. Key findings ............................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 6 4. Islamic State narratives and incentives ..................................................................... 7 4.1. The caliphate: a shield and safe haven for Sunni Muslims ....................................... 7 4.2. Hijra: a religious obligation ....................................................................................... 8 4.3. Finding roots in a jihadi feminism ........................................................................... 11 4.4. A new wave of jihadi torchbearers ......................................................................... 13 5. Life for women in the caliphate .............................................................................. 14 5.1. Well-defined parameters: rules and regulations .................................................... 14 5.2. Islamic State women: mothers first and foremost ................................................. 20 5.3. Patient and steadfast supporters ............................................................................ 21 5.4. Women in combat: the revival of the early Islamic mujahida ................................ 22 5.5. Women and education ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CALENDARS by David Le Conte
    CALENDARS by David Le Conte This article was published in two parts, in Sagittarius (the newsletter of La Société Guernesiaise Astronomy Section), in July/August and September/October 1997. It was based on a talk given by the author to the Astronomy Section on 20 May 1997. It has been slightly updated to the date of this transcript, December 2007. Part 1 What date is it? That depends on the calendar used:- Gregorian calendar: 1997 May 20 Julian calendar: 1997 May 7 Jewish calendar: 5757 Iyyar 13 Islamic Calendar: 1418 Muharaim 13 Persian Calendar: 1376 Ordibehesht 30 Chinese Calendar: Shengxiao (Ox) Xin-You 14 French Rev Calendar: 205, Décade I Mayan Calendar: Long count 12.19.4.3.4 tzolkin = 2 Kan; haab = 2 Zip Ethiopic Calendar: 1990 Genbot 13 Coptic Calendar: 1713 Bashans 12 Julian Day: 2450589 Modified Julian Date: 50589 Day number: 140 Julian Day at 8.00 pm BST: 2450589.292 First, let us note the difference between calendars and time-keeping. The calendar deals with intervals of at least one day, while time-keeping deals with intervals less than a day. Calendars are based on astronomical movements, but they are primarily for social rather than scientific purposes. They are intended to satisfy the needs of society, for example in matters such as: agriculture, hunting. migration, religious and civil events. However, it has also been said that they do provide a link between man and the cosmos. There are about 40 calendars now in use. and there are many historical ones. In this article we will consider six principal calendars still in use, relating them to their historical background and astronomical foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Level 4 Quiz Date: 4 Th July, 2021
    Blue Print for Assessment 2021 Level 4 Quiz Date: 4 th July, 2021 Level 4: Blueprint for final assessment (“I Love Islam” Level 4) 1. What do the words solar and lunar mean? Ans: Solar is the sun and Lunar is the Moon. 2. Translate Solar and Lunar in arabic. Ans: Solar means “Shamsi” and lunar means “Qamari”. 3. Name all the months in the islamic calendar. Ans: Muharram, Safar, Rabi ul Awwal, Rabi uth Thani, Jamad ul Ula, Jamad ul Ukhra, Rajab, Shaban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhul Qa’dah and Dhul Hijjah. 4. What is the name of the moon when it appears in crescent shape? Ans: Hilal. Also, called a new moon. 5. What is the other name of Islamic Calendar? Ans: Hijri Calendar. 6. Explain the start and end of the Lunar month in the Hijri Calendar. Ans: Hijri calendar is Lunar, which means it follows patterns of the moon. The Lunar month starts when the moon appears in crescent shape or Hilal. This is called the “new moon”. Slowly, the crescent shape becomes thicker. A Badr or “full moon”occurs in the middle of the month. Then the full moon goes back to becoming thin like a crescent until it disappears. That's the end of the Lunar month. 7. What is Ramadan? Ans: Ramadan is the month of fasting. It is the ninth month of Islamic calendar. It starts when the new moon is spotted after the month of Shaban. 8. Translate fasting in Arabic. And what does it mean? Ans: Fasting is called Siyam in Arabic.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Sayyid Qutb a Dissertation Submitted To
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO READING A RADICAL THINKER: A STUDY ON SAYYID QUTB A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY LAITH S. SAUD CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. iii Chapter One: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Biography ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter Review .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter Two: Reading Qutb Theologically; Toward a Method for Reading an Islamist ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 The Current State of Inquiries on Qutb: The Fundamentalist par excellence ............................. 11 Theology, Epistemology, and Logic: Toward a Methodology .............................................................. 17 What is Qutb’s General Cosmology? .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
    PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE
    [Show full text]
  • One World: One Calendar
    One World: One Calendar By eLaine Vornholt Laura Lee Vornholt-Jones The desire to reform the Gregorian calendar has never died out. In 1975, when Jimmy Carter was running for president of the United States, he stated that he was running for peace in the Middle East and The World Calendar. Currently, there is a growing movement to implement The World Calendar in 2012. The World Calendar Association, International, continues the push for calendar reform. Clearly stated on its home page: During the first half of last century, recognition of the need for a user-friendlier successor to the Gregorian calendar prompted world-wide study. It identified The World Calendar as the best probable choice. A well-documented attempt to make the change followed, but was not completed. In 2008, The World Calendar in 2012 continues to unfold as a multi-level demonstration that the current, nearly unanimous Gregorian calendar, as we know and ignore it, quietly stifles (smothers/chokes) potential.1 While Judeo-Christian traditionalists were able to defeat the earlier calendar reforms of the 18th and 20th centuries, current developments in the world economic situation would seem to indicate that the reform may be passed this time. The very simplicity of The World Calendar is one of its main attractions to financial and banking institutions. Standardizing the year into uniform quarters would have great economic benefits. Right now, months and quarters in the Gregorian year vary in length. On The World Calendar, each quarter would be identical to all the others: January, April, July and October would all start on Sunday.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Bibliographic Guide in Medieval Islamic Philosophy and Theology
    BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE IN MEDIEVAL AND POST-CLASSICAL ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY (2014-2015) Thérèse-Anne Druart The Catholic University of America I cannot thank enough all the scholars who kindly sent me information, in particular, those who provided me with a copy of their publications or photocopies of tables of contents of collective works. They are true scholars and true friends. I also wish to thank very much the colleagues who patiently checked the draft of this installment. Their invaluable help was a true work of mercy. Collective Works or Collections of Articles Adamson, Peter, Studies on Early Arabic Philosophy (Variorum). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2015, xii-330 pp., ISBN 9781472420268. -------, Studies on Plotinus and al-Kindî (Variorum). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2014, xii-356 pp., ISBN 9781472420251. An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia, vol. 5: From the School of Shiraz to the Twentieth Century, ed. by Seyyed Hossein Nasr & Mehdi Aminrazavi. London-New York: I.B. Tauris, 2015, xx-544 pp., ISBN 9781848857506. Aristotle and the Arabic Tradition, ed. by Ahmed Alwishah & Josh Hayes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, x-270 pp., ISBN 9781107101739. L’averroismo in età moderna (1400-1700), ed. by Giovanni Licata. Macerata: Quodlibet, 2013, 211 pp., ISBN 9788874626465. Controverses sur les écritures canoniques de l’islam, ed. by Daniel De Smet & Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi (Islam – Nouvelles approches). Paris: Cerf, 2014, 436 pp., ISBN 9782204102933. Gutas, Dimitri, Orientations of Avicenna’s Philosophy: Essays on his Life, Method, Heritage (Variorum). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2014, xiv-368 pp., ISBN 9781472436337. The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning. Studies presented to Wadad Kadi, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Multiple Nature of the Islamic Da'wa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Egdunas Racius THE MULTIPLE NATURE OF THE ISLAMIC DA‘WA ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XII, Unioninkatu 34, on the 23rd of October, 2004 at 10 o'clock ISBN 952-10-0489-4 (printed) ISBN 952-10-0490-8 (pdf) ISSN 1458-5359 Valopaino Oy Helsinki 2004 CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................................... 5 Previous research on da‘wa .......................................................................... 12 The location of the present study .................................................................. 18 Part I Islamic da‘wa: the term and its sources ............................................................ 29 1. The da‘wa in the Quran and Sunna .................................................................. 31 Scope of da‘wa meanings ............................................................................. 34 Da‘wa as invitation to Islam ......................................................................... 37 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 47 2. Da‘wa versus jihad ........................................................................................... 49 Jihad in the Quran and Hadith collections ...................................................
    [Show full text]