A Roadmap towards Low Carbon Iskandar Malaysia 2025

The Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025, officially launched by the Prime Minister of Malaysia and adopted by the Iskan- dar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) in 2012, sets a target for 58% carbon intensity reduction in 2025 as compared to the 2005 level and recommends a total of 281 strategic policies towards minimising carbon emissions in Iskandar Malaysia (IM). Taking the blueprint into the implementation phase poses several questions: Which policies should come first? How long should the implementation period be? The project of Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian When should these policies be implemented? Who are the potential Regions is initiated under the auspices of SATREPS. A joint effort be- implementation agencies involved with these policies? tween Japan and Malaysia, the 5-year research program that com- menced in July 2011 brings together a team of multidisciplinary re- This roadmap has been formulated to serve as a complementary docu- searchers from Kyoto University, the National Institute for Environ- ment to the blueprint. It provides a pathway to guide the implementa- mental Studies (NIES), Okayama University and Universiti Teknologi tion of policy actions proposed in the blueprint by outlining implemen- Malaysia (UTM) with a view to defining Low Carbon Society (LCS) vi- tation programmes according to the given priority, timeline and relat- sions and crafting a roadmap towards LCS at the national and city- ed implementation agencies, including the 10 implementation plans regional levels, in line with Malaysia’s voluntary commitment to reduce that IRDA has identified for 2013-2015 period. the country’s carbon emission intensity by 40% by year 2020 (based on 2005 levels).

The research project begins with a pilot study of Iskandar Malaysia (IM), a “special economic region” located at the southernmost tip of Mainland Asia, that is poised to become a regional economic power- house by 2025. The project will showcase best practice in LCS for the Asian Regions and will therefore benefit not only IM and Malaysia, but also the Asian Regions. It will be a hands-on project where researchers and government officials of Asian countries work together in imple- menting research outputs within the cities or regions involved, leading to the eventual establishment of an Asian Low Carbon Society network.

Iskandar Malaysia (IM) is a visionary economic region in Johor that was established in 2005 as one of the catalyst development corridors to spur growth of the Malaysian economy. Covering an area of 221,634 hectares (2,216.3 km2), IM is the largest single development project ever to be undertaken within the Southeast Asia region. Strategically located at the southernmost tip of Mainland Asia to tap on a vast mar- ket of about 1 billion people within a 6-hour flight radius, IM is set to become an integrated global node that synergies with growth of the global City-state of Singapore and Indonesia. To that end, it has been projected that population in IM will more than double from 1.35 mil- lion in 2005 to over 3 million by 2025, supported by a stable 7-8% an- nual GDP growth that is primarily driven by services and manufactur- ing. It is vital that the targeted strong growth is achieved while keeping IM’s carbon emission level at bay, in line with IM’s vision to be “A strong sustainable metropolis of international standing”. The roadmap comprises of EIGHT (8) implementation sectors demonstrating the implementation plan for TWELVE (12) key policy actions of Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 as well as IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015. Each section breaks its policy action(s) into detail strategic plans, their implementation phases and duration and identified potential implementation agencies. These are presented in a series of timeline diagrams.

Please see “Guide to Reading Timeline Diagram” printed overleaf for clarity >>>

Green Industry and Low Carbon Governance (GI, LG)

Action 2 “Green Industry” (GI) and Action 3 “Low Carbon Urban Governance” (LG), IRDA’s Implementation Plans; Green Economy Guidelines for IM (GI-1) and Green Portal for Iskandar Malaysia (GI-2) are covered. The main contents are establishment of planning and governance system in IRDA, dissemination activities through a website, and low-carbonizing existing industries through mainly energy efficiency improve- ment and to encourage production of green goods and services required in a low carbon society.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …… 2020 …... 2025 Implementation Agencies

GI-1 Green Economy Guidelines for IM IRDA, LAs

GI-2 Green Portal for Iskandar Malaysia IRDA, LAs, MITI, KeTTHa IRDA, KeTTHa, GI-3 IM as Global Hub for Green Industry NRE, MIDA

GI-4 Decarbonising Industries 1,094ktCO2eq IRDA, Industries, FMM

IRDA, UTM, Industries, GI-5 Green Employment in Existing Industries FMM Human Capital Development in Green GI-6 IRDA, LAs Industry Development Planning for Low Carbon LG-1 IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ) Iskandar Malaysia

Planning Control Process, Procedures and LG-2 Mechanism for Materializing LCS in Iskandar IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ) Malaysia Development of Necessary Human Capital for LG-3 IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ), UTM Operation

Iskandar Malaysia LCS Monitoring , Reporting LG-4 IRDA, LAs and Publication System

Green Building and Energy System (GB, GE)

This roadmap describes implementation of Action 4 “Green Building and Construction” (GB) and Action 5 “Green Energy System and Renewa- ble Energy” (GE) with IRDA’s implementation plan of GAIA (Green Accord Initiative Award) (GB-1). The roadmap includes implementation of GAIA in IM, establishment of green building design, technology and construction, and its standardization in IM with financial scheme. At the same time, the roadmap covers diffusion of renewable and alternative energies in IM through strengthening financial support scheme for the energies and encouraging public awareness by Energy Conservation Center in Iskandar Malaysia.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …… 2020 …… 2025 Implementation Agencies GB-1 GAIA (Green Accord Initiative Award) IRDA, LAs, UTM

GB-2 Implementation of Financing Scheme for IRDA, GreenTech Malaysia Green Buildings

GB-3 Diffusion of Green Building Design and 184ktCO2eq IRDA, PAM, IEM, UTM Technology

GB-4 Diffusion of Green Construction 1,019ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, CIDB

GB-5 Energy Efficiency Improvement of Existing IRDA, LAs, PAM, IEM Buildings (Retrofitting)

GE-1 Standardization of Energy Efficiency Standards UTM, IRDA, SIRIM,

and Labeling System GreenTech Malaysia

GE-2 Running Energy Conservation Center in IRDA Iskandar Malaysia

GE-3 Implementation of Financing Scheme for IRDA, GreenTech Malaysia,

Renewable/Alternative Energy SEDA

GE-4 Promotion of Renewable/ Alternative Energy 354ktCO2eq IRDA, SEDA, UTM, Enterprises with Advanced Energy System Green Transportation (GT)

Action 1 “Green Transportation” (GT) and Mobility Management System (GT-1), IRDA’s Implementation Plan are covered. The main contents are development of the integrated public transportation system, high-speed rail connection between Johor Bahru (JB)-Kuala Lumpur (KL) and JB-Singapore, development of inter-modal transfer facility and promotion of the use of low carbon passenger vehicle and freight transport.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …... 2020 …... 2025 Implementation Agencies

GT-1 Mobility Management System IRDA

GT-2 Integrated Public Transportation System 189ktCO 2eq IRDA, CVLB, SPAD

GT-3 Inter-modal Transfer Facility IRDA, LAs, SPAD IRDA, MOT, GT-4 High-speed rail Transit (JB-KL, JB-Singapore) 63ktCO 2eq Johor State Authority

GT-5 Promoting the Use of Low Carbon Vehicle 802ktCO 2eq IRDA, KeTTHa, Businesses

GT-6 Transportation Demand Management 289ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs

GT-7 Promote Green/ Hybrid Freight Transportation 572ktCO 2eq IRDA, KeTTHa, MOT

Green Community (LL, CC)

This roadmap describes implementation of Action 6 “Low Carbon Lifestyle” (LL) and Action 7 “Community Engagement and Consensus Building” (CC) with IRDA’s Implementation Plan, Eco-Life Challenge Schools Project (LL-1). Strong connections among people or communities forms an indirect support for direct impact inducing change to low carbon lifestyle.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …... 2020 …... 2025 Implementation Agencies LL-1 Eco-Life Challenge Schools Project Schools, JPNJ, IRDA

LL-2 Awareness through Education 781ktCO 2eq Schools, JPNJ, IRDA

IRDA, Government Agencies, LL-3 Smart Working Style Businesses IRDA, LAs, GreenTech LL-4 Promotion of Energy Efficiency 362ktCO 2eq Malaysia, Businesses IRDA, SPAD, Communities, LL-5 Promotion of “Smart Travel Choices” 1,430ktCO 2eq Schools IRDA, LAs, Communities, LL-6 Stock-taking for Low Carbon Lifestyle 155ktCO 2eq Households

Sharing of LCS Information and Gather * IRDA, Government Agencies, CC-1 Opinion through Stakeholder Engagement NGOs, Communities

CC-2 Public Information on LCS Progress IRDA, Media, NGOs, LAs

Developing Model of Low Carbon CC-3 IRDA, LAs, UTM, Communities Communities Communities, Government CC-4 Green Ambassadors/ Champions Agencies, NGOs, Schools

*on going activities

Clean Air Environment (CA)

Action 12 “Clean Air Environment” (CA) is covered. The main contents are establishment of comprehensive air quality management system, installation of air quality monitoring station and pollutant emission control device in the industry sector. Green passenger and freight trans- portation are also considered. Cross-border cooperation to avoid regional haze pollution from open biomass burning is tightened.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 ...… 2020 ...… 2025 Implementation Agencies Design and Implementation of Comprehensive CA-1 IRDA, LAs, DOE, UTM Air Quality Management System Installation Continuous Air Quality Monitoring CA-2 IRDA, LAs, DOE Stations Installation Pollutant Control Device on the CA-3 IRDA, Industries, DOE Industry Public Transportation and Logistics CA-4 IRDA, CVLB, JPJ Management CA-5 Cross-border Cooperation on Haze Control IRDA, NRE, MOFA Green Urban Design (WC, SG)

Action 8 “Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design” (WC) and Action 9 “Smart Urban Growth” (SG) are covered. The main contents for walk- able city are establishment of walkable city centers and neighborhoods, cyclist-friendly city, safe city from crime, and civilized and livable streets through traffic calming. The main contents for smart urban growth are promotion of the polycentric growth pattern inIM, compact urban development, transit supportive land use planning and smart digital city.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …… 2020 …… 2025 Implementation Agencies Designing Walkable City Centers and WC-1 132ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, Developers Neighborhoods

WC-2 Designing the Cyclist-friendly City 66ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, Developers

WC-3 Designing the Safe City (from crime) IRDA, LAs, Police Designing Civilised and Livable Streets through WC-4 66ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, JKR Traffic Calming

SG-1 Promote Polycentric Growth Pattern in IM 563ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ) IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ), SG-2 Promote Compact Urban Development 563ktCO 2eq Developers

SG-3 Promote Transit Supportive Land Use Planning 88ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ) IRDA, MSC Cyberport SG-4 Development of the ‘Smart Digital City’ Johor, Businesses

Green and Blue Infrastructure and Responsible Tourism (RR)

This roadmap describes implementation of Action 10 “Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources” (RR) with IRDA’s Implementation Plans; Trees for Urban Parks (RR-1) and Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation (RR-7). The main contribution of this roadmap to emission reduction is enhancement of carbon sink by forests, including conservation of natural forests, such as mangrove forests, and tree planting in urban area.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …... 2020 …... 2025 Implementation Agencies RR-1 Trees for Urban Parks IRDA, LAs, JLNJ

RR-2 Promote Urban Forests 140ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, JLNJ, FRIM

RR-3 Regional Green Corridor Network 106ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, FRIM, PTNJ

New Development to Retain Existing IRDA, LAs, RR-4 84ktCO 2eq Vegetation JPBD(NJ), Developers

RR-5 Conservation of Mangrove Forests 63ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, FRIM, PTNJ

RR-6 Low Carbon Farming in Rural Areas IRDA, MOA, FELDA

Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity RR-7 IRDA, LAs, JPNJ, PTNJ Conservation

Sustainable Waste Management (WM)

This roadmap covers Action 11 “Sustainable Waste Management” (WM) that includes five sub-actions which cover waste from five different sectors - municipal (household and commercial), agriculture, industry, waste water, and construction and demolition. IRDA implementation plan of Nafas Baru Pasir Gudang will become the platform for promoting Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management through pilot pro- ject of waste separation at source and also focusing on upgrading of landfill management.

Proposed 2013 2014 2015 …... 2020 …... 2025 Implementation Agencies Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste IRDA, JPSPN, WM-1 680ktCO 2eq Management PPSPPA, SWM

136ktCO eq WM-2 Sustainable Agricultural Waste Management 2 IRDA, MOA, FELDA

WM-3 Sustainable Industrial Waste Management 272ktCO 2eq IRDA, LAs, DOE, MIDA

WM-4 Sustainable Waste Water Management 136ktCO 2eq IRDA, DOE, JPSPN, IWK Sustainable Construction and Demolition WM-5 IRDA, LAs, CIDB Waste Management Guide to Reading Timeline Diagram Emission reduction in 2025 by the activity IRDA’s Implementation

Plans in 2013-2015 100ktCO2eq

Low Carbon Society Green Economy Blueprint Green Community for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 Green Environment

Planning Stage Pilot Project Implementation Stage/ One-time Project Full-operational Stage/ Continuous Activities (Promotion activities, Construction of infrastructure, etc) (Operation with the new rules, Use of new infrastructure, Use of a technology, etc) Rationales for Implementation Phasing

A good roadmap is characterised by well justified phasing of projects. Priority projects would be those that have relatively low barriers but high GHG reduction impacts (see diagram below). Implementation barriers include cost, human capital, institution and legislation framework, societies readiness (stakeholder acceptance) and technology availability.

High GHG Emission Reduction Most Favourable Moderately Favourable

IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015

Low Barriers High Barriers

Least Favourable Moderately Favourable Low GHG Emission Reduction

Relationship Matrix

The matrix below shows the relationship between IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015 and key policy actions of the Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskan- dar Malaysia 2025. Out of IRDA’s TEN (10) implementation plans, SEVEN (7) of them are included in this roadmap. These implementation plans are IRDA’s first attempt at good initiatives towards a climate resilient economy in Iskandar Malaysia. The plans have been proposed according to the recommendation of the Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025. The implementation plans cover THREE (3) major themes that underpin the low carbon society con- cept - Green Economy, Green Community and Green Environment. However, THREE (3) special projects covering specific area namely; (i) Bukit Batu Eco- Community, (ii) Low Carbon Village Felda Taib Andak and (iii) Nafas Baru Pasir Gudang that require comprehensive study are not discussed in this roadmap.

Specific Action-based Projects Special Projects

GI GT Bukit Batu Eco

Guidelines for IM GI GB LL RR RR Low Carbon Village Felda Taib Nafas Baru

for Iskandar Malaysia System

tive Award) Project Forests Biodiversity Conservation Andak and Healthy City

-

-

-

- -

-

1

2 -

1

1 7

1 Mobility Management

1

IRDA’s Implementation Plan

Portal on Green Technology

Green Economy

Eco

Trees for Urban Parks/ Responsible Tourism and

GAIA (Green Accord Initia-

2013-2015

-

Life Challenge Schools

Pasir Gudang

-

Community

12 Actions in theLow Carbon Society

Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025

-

Clean

Action 1 Integrated Green Transportation (GT)

Green Economy Action 2 Green Industry (GI)

Action 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance (LG)

Action 4 Green Building and Construction (GB)

Action 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy (GE)

Community

Green Action 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle (LL)

Action 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building (CC)

Action 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design (WC)

Green Environment

Action 9 Smart Urban Growth (SG)

Action 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources (RR)

Action 11 Sustainable Waste Management (WM)

Action 12 Clean Air Environment (CA) Team Information

Leadership

Wahid Omar Yuzuru Matsuoka Mohd Azraai Kassim Takeshi Fujiwara Ho Chin Siong Junichi Fujino Acronyms and Abbreviations Koichi Okabe Mikiko Kainuma

CIDB Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia Scenario Integration + Land Use Planning CVLB Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board, Malaysia DOE Department of Environment, Malaysia Roslan Amirudin Reina Kawase FELDA Federal Land Development Authority Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz Kei Gomi FMM Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers Mohd Hamdan Ahmad Miho Kamei FRIM Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ahmad Nazri Muhammad Ludin GDP Gross Domestic Product Mohammad Rafee Majid Ibrahim Ngah IEM Institute of Engineers Malaysia Kasturi Devi Kanniah IRDA Iskandar Regional Development Authority Chau Loon Wai IWK Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Teh Bor Tsong IM Iskandar Malaysia Azilah Mohamed Akil JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency Muhamad Azahar Zikri Zahari JKR Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia Abdul Rahim Ramli (Malaysian Public Works Department) Kang Chuen Siang JLNJ Jabatan Lanskap Negeri Johor Anis Syahira Zulkifli Malik Tassaduq Abbas (Johor Department of Landscape) Yasmin Sofia Hussain JPBD(NJ) Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa (Negeri Johor) Nadzirah Jausus (Town and Country Planning Department of Johor State) JPJ Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia (Road Transport Department Malaysia) Consensus Building + Education JPNJ Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Johor (Education Department of Johor) Fatin Aliah Phang Maiko Suda JPSPN Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Wong Wai Yoke (Department of National Solid Waste Management) JST Japan Science and Technology Agency KeTTHa Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Malaysia Energy System LAs Local Authorities MIDA Malaysian Investment Development Authority Haslenda Hashim Shuichi Ashina MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia Lim Jeng Shiun Diego Silva Herran MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia MOA Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia MOT Ministry of Transport, Malaysia Solid Waste Management NGOs Non-governmental organisations Zainura Zainon Noor Siti Norbaizura Rejab NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan Lee Chew Tin Hiroaki Obayashi NRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia Moh Razman Salim PAM Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia Siti Nadzirah Othman (Malaysian Institute of Architects) Tan Sie Ting PPSPPA Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam Nawal Shaharuddin (Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation) PTNJ Perbadanan Taman Negara Johor (Johor National Park Corporation) Air Quality + Transportation SATREPS Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development Mohd Rashid Mohd Yusof Gakuji Kurata Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad SEDA Sustainable Energy Development Authority Hussein SPAD Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat Gobi Krishna Sinniah (Land Public Transport Commission) Nurain Mohd Sith SWM Southern Waste Management Environment Sdn Bhd UTM Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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