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Bannal Ab Braithrean BANNAL AB BRAITHREAN “Band of Brothers” Major John Loudermilk Chapter # 264 Military Order of the Stars and Bars Issue Twelve, Fall 2011 In 1861, Americans were preoccupied by THE SESQUICENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION A continuation of the series depicting WBTS battles that were occurring 150 years ago The following are summaries of the question of which states would join battles in the late summer and fall of the secession movement and which would remain loyal to the Union. In Missouri, it 1861. was largely settled at Wilson's Creek on Wilson's Creek August 10, 1861, in a contest that is rightly considered the second major Oak Hills Missouri battle of the Civil War. August 10, 1861 1 carried Price and his Missouri State Guard as far as Lexington. Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon's In late October, a rump convention, Army of the West was camped at convened by Governor Claiborne Fox Springfield, Missouri, with Confederate Jackson, met in Neosho and passed an troops under the commands of Brigadier ordinance of secession. General Ben McCulloch approaching. Wilson's Creek, the most significant 1861 On August 9, both sides formulated plans battle in Missouri, gave the Confederates to attack the other. About 5:00 am on the control of southwestern Missouri. 10th, Lyon, in two columns commanded Result(s): Confederate victory by himself and Colonel Franz Sigel, Location: Greene County and Christian attacked the Confederates on Wilson's County Creek about 12 miles southwest of Campaign: Operations to Control Springfield. Missouri (1861) Rebel cavalry received the first blow and Date: August 10, 1861 fell back away from Bloody Hill. Principal Commanders: Brigadier Confederate forces soon rushed up and stabilized their positions. The Confederates attacked the Union forces three times that day but failed to break through the Union line. Lyon was killed during the battle and Major Samuel D. Sturgis replaced him. Meanwhile, the Confederates had routed Sigel's column, south of Skegg's Branch. Following the third Confederate attack, which ended at 11:00 am, the Confederates withdrew. Sturgis realized, however, that his men were exhausted General Nathaniel Lyon and Major and his ammunition was low, so he General Samuel D. Sturgis [US]; Major ordered a retreat to Springfield. General Sterling Price, Missouri State The Confederates were too disorganized Guard, and Brigadier General Ben and ill-equipped to pursue. This McCulloch [CS] Confederate victory buoyed southern Forces Engaged: Army of the West [US]; sympathizers in Missouri and served as a Missouri State Guard and McCulloch's springboard for a bold thrust north that Brigade [CS] 2 Estimated Casualties: 2,330 total (US Following the victory at Wilson's Creek, 1,235; CS 1,095) the Confederate Missouri State Guard, having consolidated forces in the northern and central part of the state, marched, under the command of Major Kessler's Cross Lanes General Sterling Price, on Lexington. West Virginia Colonel James A. Mulligan commanded August 26 1861 the entrenched Union garrison of about 3,500 men. On August 26, Brigadier General John Price's men first encountered Union Floyd, commanding Confederate forces in skirmishers on September 13 south of the Kanawha Valley, crossed the Gauley town and pushed them back into the River to attack Col. Erastus Tyler's 7th fortifications. Price, having bottled the Ohio Regiment encamped at Kessler's Union troops up in Lexington, decided to Cross Lanes. await his ammunition wagons, other The Union forces were surprised and supplies, and reinforcements before routed. Floyd then withdrew to the river assaulting the fortifications. and took up a defensive position at By the 18th, Price was ready and ordered Carnifex Ferry. an assault. During the month, General Robert E. Lee The Missouri State Guard moved arrived in western Virginia and forward amidst heavy Union artillery fire attempted to coordinate the forces of and pushed the enemy back into their Brigadier Gens. Floyd, Henry Wise, and inner works. William W. Loring. On the 19th, the Rebels consolidated their Result(s): Confederate victory positions, kept the Yankees under heavy Date: August 26, 1861 artillery fire and prepared for the final Principal Commanders: Col. Erastus attack. Tyler [US]; Brig. Gen. John Floyd [CS] Early on the morning of the 20th, Price's Forces Engaged: Brigades, Estimated men advanced behind mobile Casualties: 85 total (US 45; CS 40) breastworks, made of hemp, close enough to take the Union works at the Anderson House in a final rush. Lexington Missouri Mulligan requested surrender terms after Battle of the Hemp Bales noon, and by 2:00 PM his men had September 13-20, 1861 vacated their works and stacked their arms. This Unionist stronghold had fallen, further bolstering southern sentiment and consolidating Confederate control in the Missouri Valley west of Arrow Rock. Result(s): Confederate victory Location: Lafayette County Campaign: Operations to Control Missouri (1861) Date(s): September 13-20, 1861 Principal Commanders: Colonel James A. Mulligan [US]; Major General Sterling Price [CS] Forces Engaged: Garrison (approx. 3,500) [US]; Missouri State Guard (12,000) [CS] 3 Est. Casualties: 1,874 total (US 1,774; CS Principal Commanders: Colonel Harvey 100) Brown [US]; Confederate Brigadier General Richard H. Anderson [CS] Forces Engaged: Santa Rosa Island Garrison (approx. 600 men) [US]; Santa Rosa Island infantry and artillery detachments (approx. 1,200 men) [CS] Florida Est. Casualties: 154 total (US 67; CS 87) October 9, 1861 Camp Wildcat Wildcat Mountain Kentucky October 21, 1861 After midnight on October 9, Brigadier General Richard Anderson crossed from the mainland to Santa Rosa Island with 1,200 men in two small steamers to surprise Union camps and capture Fort Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer's men Pickens. He landed on the north beach occupied Cumberland Gap and took about four miles east of Fort Pickens and position at Cumberland Ford to counter divided his command into three columns. the Unionist activity in the area. Brigadier General George H. Thomas After proceeding about three miles, the sent a detachment under Colonel T.T. Confederates surprised the 6th Regiment, Garrard to secure the ford on the New York Volunteers, in its camp and Rockcastle River, establish a camp at routed the regiment. Wildcat Mountain, and obstruct the General Anderson then adopted a Wilderness road passing through the defensive stance to entice the Federals to area. leave the fort and attack. Colonel Garrard informed Thomas that if Receiving reinforcements, Colonel he did not receive reinforcements, he Harvey Brown sallied against the would have to retreat because he was Confederates, who reembarked and outnumbered seven to one. Thomas sent returned to the mainland. Brigadier General A. Schoepf with what Result(s): Union victory amounted to a brigade of men to Colonel Location: Escambia County Garrard, bringing the total force to about Campaign: Operations of Gulf 7,000. On the morning of October 21, Blockading Squadron (1861) only battle soon after Schoepf arrived, some of his in campaign men moved forward and ran into Rebel Date: October 9, 1861 forces, commencing a fight. The Federals repelled the Confederate attacks, in part 4 due to fortifications, both man-made and Opothleyahola's band was at the Red natural. Fork of the Arkansas River, where they The Confederates withdrew during the were erecting a fort. Cooper's men night and continued their retreat to arrived there around 4:00 pm and Cumberland Ford, which they reached on ordered a cavalry charge which the 26th. A Union victory was welcomed, discovered that Chief Opothleyahola's countering the Confederate victory at band had recently abandoned the camp. Barbourville. The Confederates did find some Result(s): Union victory stragglers beyond the camp and followed Location: Laurel County them, blundering into Chief October 21, 1861 Opothleyahola's camp. Principal Commanders: Brigadier The Federals fired into the Rebel cavalry General Albin F. Schoepf [US]; Brigadier and, in large force, came out to attack General Felix Zollicoffer [CS] them. They chased the Confederates back Forces Engaged: Camp Wildcat Garrison to Cooper's main force. Darkness and Schoepf's Brigade (approx. 7,000 prevented Cooper from attacking until men) [US]; Zollicoffer's Brigade [CS] the main enemy force was within 60 Est. Casualties: 78 total (US 25; CS 53) yards. A short fight ensued but Chief Opothleyahola's men broke it off and retreated back to their camp. Cooper set out for Chief Opothleyahola's Round Mountain camp the next morning but found it gone. Oklahoma The Confederates claimed victory because November 19, 1861 Chief Opothleyahola had left the area. This was the first of three encounters between Chief Opothleyahola's Union bands and Confederate troops. The chief was forced to flee Oklahoma for Kansas at the end of the year. Result(s): Confederate victory Location: Unknown Campaign: Operations in the Indian Territory (1861) Date: November 19, 1861 Principal Commanders: Chief Opothleyahola [I]; Colonel Douglas H. Colonel Douglas H. Cooper, Confederate Cooper [CS] commander of the Indian Department, Forces Engaged: Creek and Seminole [I]; had not been able to reconcile differences Indian Department [CS] with Chief Opothleyahola, who Estimated Casualties: Unknown commanded a band of Unionist Creeks and Seminoles. Cooper set out on November 15, 1861, with about 1,400 men to either compel Yankees Who Fought under submission . or "drive him and his The Stars and Bars party from the country." His force rode up the Deep Fork of the Canadian River Samuel Cooper, adjutant towards Chief Opothleyahola's camp general of the U.S. Army since 1852, which they found deserted. reached a turning point on March 7, On the 19th, Cooper learned from 1861. On that day he decided to forget about his Hackensack, New Jersey, captured prisoners that part of Chief rearing and resigned his post to take up 5 the same job for the Confederacy.
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