A Good Journal for Inquisitive People (43) scfh.ru/en/ 1 1 2016 SCIENCE First Hand WHERE HAS HOMO SAPIENS COME FROM? № 1 (43) 2016 HUNTERS FOR ANCIENT GENES AT THE FOOT OF ROYAL KURGANS NSU DISTANCE LEARNING SCHOOL: 50 YEARS AFTER Lavrentyev as the Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. 1948. The SB RAS photo archive 9 771810772310 396003300002453 5678901423 > The Controlled EXPLOSION 2016 1. popular science journal IN THIS ISSUE: Academician N.N. Moiseyev: “When I think of M.A. Lavrentiev, to my mind spring the figures of the Renaissance: the same scope of interests and activities, the same rage of ambitions and passions, the same lack of fear in his endeavors. People of this caliber are so rare. They are the cream of the nation; they create the image of an epoch The Distance learning School of Physics and Mathematics at Novosibirsk State University, which marked its 50th anniversary in 2015, was “illegal” for many years, supported only by the enthusiasm of the University students, and the first official documents was the decree of their dismissal from the University A Journal “The natural desire Dear Friends, for Inquisitive People of good men is knowledge” Editorial Board Leonardo da Vinci This issue of our journal has come out by the 115th anniversary Editor-in-Chief Periodical Popular Science Journal of Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrentiev, an outstanding scientist RAS Member Nikolay Dobretsov of our days, who is for a reason compared with an iconic Deputy Editor-in-Chief Published since January 2004 figure of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci. Today, we RAS Corresponding Member Three issues a year remember him not only as a most prominent mathematician, Valery Bukhtiyarov Founders: Siberian Branch of the Russian mechanician, and founding father of the Siberian Branch Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Deputy Editor-in-Chief of he USSR Academy of Sciences – a revolutionary project Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics not only for Russian but for the world science, too. As we RAS Member Valentin Vlassov (SB RAS) know, a basic component of the famous “Lavrentiev’s Deputy Editor-in-Chief Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography RAS Corresponding Member (SB RAS) triangle” is personnel, that is, purposeful, multi-stage training Natalia Polosmak Limnological Institute (SB RAS) of young scientists that starts from school-days. One of Deputy Editor-in-Chief Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy the ways of engaging talented youth in scientific research In the same issue, we are publishing materials dedicated to RAS Member Vasily Shabanov (SB RAS) was the All-Siberia Olympiad of School Students in Physics Institute of Chemical Biology and and Mathematics started in the early 1960s. The third round the fundamental problems of cultural and historical processes Executive Secretary Fundamental Medicine (SB RAS) of the Olympiad implied participation in the Summer School that have taken place since high antiquity to these days. Lidia Panfilova Trofimuk Institute of Oil and gas Geology The specific occasion is the 25th anniversary of the Institute and Geophysics (SB RAS) conducted in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, where school RAS Member Igor Bychkov of Archaeology and Ethnography (IAE), SB RAS, a most Limited company INFOLIO students could get in touch with “live science.” RAS Member Anatoly Derevyanko Once, in 1961, the well-known physicist G. I. Budker, who important national center for research in humanities – in the Publisher: Limited company INFOLIO last 15 years, the scholars working in the Institute have been RAS Member Mikhail Epov was the head of the Sumer School organizing committee, Address: awarded three State Prizes of the Russian Federation for Dr. Sc. Mikhail Fedoruk 11, Zolotodolinskaya Street, Novosibirsk put forward a proposal, surreal for the timeC, to organize achievements in science and technology. RAS Member Mikhail Grachev 630090, Russia a permanent school of physics and mathematics at Novosibirsk Tel. +7 (383) 330 37 33, 330 27 22 If we follow the letter of law, the IAE SB RAS was formally RAS Corresponding Member State University. Lavrentiev became an ardent advocate Fax: +7 (383) 330 26 67 awarded the status of an independent research institution Aleksandr Latyshev of this idea: according to the memoirs of Gennady Fridman, e-mail: [email protected] one of the first students of this school, which are published 25 years ago, in the end of the year 1990. However, if we Cand. Sc. Nikolay Nikulin look at the Institute’s “evolutionary tree,” we will see that its RAS Member Valentin Parmon [email protected] in this issue, “during the first six months, it was an illegal educational establishment funded through an undoubtedly roots go down the faraway 1960s, the very start of academic RAS Member Nikolay Pokhilenko [email protected] unauthorized use of funds by M. A. Lavrentiev, who wasn’t research in the humanities, and the Institute’s “immediate Editorial Council The Journal is registered afraid of anything because he acted in the name of an idea, … ancestor” is the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy, at the Federal Supervision Agency Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, established RAS Member Lyubomir Aftanas and only in August 1963 the USSR Council of Ministers issued for Information Technologies and in 1966 by a prominent Soviet historian and archaeologist RAS Corresponding Member Boris Bazarov Communications a decree on boarding schools, and later such schools were set up in Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, and in other cities.” Aleksey Pavlovich Okladnikov, the founding father and RAS Corresponding Member Certificate El No. FS77-37579 head of the school of research into the history, archaeology, Evgeny Berezhko of September 25, 2009 The continuation of this story became a vivid example of the feasibility and huge potential of the ideas laid in and ethnography of Siberia, Russian Far East, and Central RAS Member Vladimir Boldyrev ISSN 2310-3000 Asia. RAS Member Andrey Degermendzhi Date of publication 1 May 2016 the foundation of the Novosibirsk center for academic research. The same Fridman, when he was a second-year The remarkably broad chronological, thematic and Dr. Sc. Aleksandr Elert Open price student of Novosibirsk State University, together with his geographical range accounted for the enormously wide RAS Corresponding Member Anatoly Fedotov All rights reserved. Reproduction in part friends literally “retried” the organizational experiment array of issues tackled by the Institute: from the spread of Dr. Sc. Mikhail Fokin or whole is allowed only with written performed three years earlier by the founding fathers. This Paleolithic traditions in Eurasia and development of ancient Dr. Sc. Anatoly Kharitonov authorization of the Editorial Office is how, fifty years ago, the distance learning school of physics arts to the ethnogenesis of indigenous Siberian peoples and RAS Member Nikolay Kolchanov © Siberian Branch RAS, 2016 and mathematics was started, which gave inquisitive and development of Russian culture in Siberia. © INFOLIO Publishing House, 2016 RAS Member Alexei Kontorovich talented teenagers from towns and villages all over the Soviet We will get the readers acquainted only with some of Professor Egon Krause (Germany) © Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Union, including the most remote areas, a rare chance to the research conducted in this originally multidisciplinary Physics (SB RAS) 2016 RAS Member Gennadii Kulipanov assess their abilities and essentially improve their standards institute. Even judging from this limited selection, we can see Dr. Sc. Semen Kutateladze © Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography in physics and mathematics. Unbelievably, this one of the best that each of the authors remembers well the words once said by Editorial Staff (SB RAS) 2016 RAS Member Mikhail Kuzmin national distance learning schools was, in fact, illegal and A. P. Okladnikov: “Go for it but bear in mind the three simple Professor Janusz Lipkowski (Poland) A. Kharkevich © Limnological Institute (SB RAS) 2016 recommendations borne by the history of scholarly research. A. Kobkova supported only by the enthusiasm of its organizers. According RAS Corresponding Member Nikolay Lyakhov © Sobolev Institute of Geology and to Gennady Fridman, “The first official document that As you move forward, keep in touch with the experience of Cand. Sc. L. Ovchinnikova Mineralogy (SB RAS) 2016 RAS Member Boris Mikhailenko L. Panfilova showed that the Distance learning School did exist appeared the previous generations. Value your heritage, the contribution © Institute of Chemical Biology and RAS Member Vyacheslav Molodin Cand. Sc. M. Perepechaeva made by your predecessors. Beware of the lure of an easy Fundamental Medicine (SB RAS) 2016 only six or seven years later. Ironically, it was a University Dr. Sc. Mikhail Moshkin A. Mistrukov decree that G.Sh. Fridaman and other organizers should way towards ambitious goals, adventurism in elaborations RAS Corresponding Member Sergei Netesov E. Sycheva © Trofimuk Institute of Oil and gas Geology and the phony glitz of false gems.” and Geophysics (SB RAS) 2016 be fired from University for ruining the Distance learning Dr. Sc. Aleksandr Petrov A. Vladimirova School.” RAS Corresponding Member Translated into English by Academician Nikolay L. Dobretsov, Anatoly Shalagin I. Adrianova, A. Kobkova, G. Kuprina, Editor-in-Chief RAS Member Vladimir Shumny and N. Tumanova scfh.ru/en/ Professor Valery Soyfer (USA) The NEANDERTHAL gene variant that occurs HISTORY OF SCIENCE. DESTINES Large SCYTHIAN kurgans appear to have HYPOTHESES AND FACTS in modern humans and that is responsible .01 been used also as TEMPLES for commemorating .03 for the lipid transport through cell membrane 6 A. A. Vasiliev the dead and offering up sacrifice, including human 40 A. P. Derevyanko, M. V. Shunkov Where Has Homo Sapiens Come from? has been found to provoke DIABETES The Controlled Explosion. sacrifice, to gods. C. 74 115 Years since the Birth of Academician 60 V. I. Molodin, A. S. Pilipenko but in the old times it could have offered Mikhail A.