Walks in Port Phillip Thick Atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide

Robbins, Scienceworks and the the and Scienceworks Robbins,

1. The Sun is a star, one of 300 billion in the Milky Way galaxy The Transit of Venus played a major role in Australian history. 7. Saturn, one of the four gas giants, is famous for its spectacular Cameron artist University, Monash

and is about five billion years old. All life on Earth depends Captain James Cook, whose statue stands east of St Kilda Pier, system of rings made from billions of icy rocks, sized from small of Lansell Chris Foundation,

on the light and heat from the Sun. It is 110 times the Earth’s claimed Terra Australis for the British crown in 1770 when, after grains to kilometres wide. It has about sixty moons. Titan, the Planet Lonely Phillip, Port of City

diameter. It is has an estimated surface temperature of 5,800C observing the 1769 Transit at Tahiti, he was directed to search largest, is the only moon in the Solar System with an atmosphere The 2005. in foreshore the on

and a core temperature of 20,000,000C. It is a middle-aged for the ‘great southern land’. (nitrogen). It also has lakes of liquid methane discovered by the located model temporary initial star, at least 4.6 billion years old but has an expected lifespan of an on based was themes, artistic

< Mercury 48 metres Earth 42 metres > Huygens Probe which landed in 2005.

educational, environmental and and environmental educational, 10-12 billion years. The Sun contains 99.86% of the total mass of support. and

This project, combining combining project, This the solar system and its gravity holds all of the planets in orbit. advice their for Victoria,

4. Earth is unique, the only place we know of in the Solar System < Jupiter 622 meters Uranus 1500 metres>

Solar Sytem Trail Project (2008) Project Trail Sytem Solar

Proxima Centauri, closest star to us after the Sun and galaxy that supports life. It lies within the Sun’s ‘habitable of Society Astronomical

. Uranus 8 lies on its side causing it to ‘roll’ around the Sun. Strangely, Adcock, Barry and Cleland

zone’ with liquid water on its surface and with life-supporting

After the Sun, the closest star to us is a small Red Dwarf star, 6777. 9209 03 its equator has been tilted more than ninety degrees to its orbit. Barry to thanks Special

concentrations and amounts of chemicals. The core of iron is via our ASSIST centre on centre ASSIST our via

Proxima Centauri. It is too faint to be seen without using a Perhaps early in its history it collided with a huge unknown object.

covered by a thick mantle of liquid rock. Continents and oceans You can also contact us by phone phone by us contact also can You sizeable telescope. It is 4.24 light years away, so in our model, In 1781 it was the first planet since ancient times to be discovered map Trail System Solar

float on the thin outer crust of solid rock. The atmosphere is 78%

the City of Port Phillip. Port of City the which is 1:1 billion scale, it is 40,140 kilometres away. This is (by William Herschel). The atmosphere is mainly hydrogen with 2008. in reality

nitrogen, 21% oxygen, a little carbon dioxide and other gases. The

heritage programs and activities in in activities and programs heritage approximately the distance around the circumference of the some helium and methane. Of its thirty or so moons, Titania, to vision that bring to

moon is about one quarter the diameter of the Earth. Scientists

for more information about cultural cultural about information more for world from Melbourne to Melbourne. A model of Proxima Oberon, Umbriel and Arial are over 1000 km in diameter. It has a collaborated Victoria,

believe it was formed after an object the size of Mars collided

Visit heritage.portphillip.vic.gov.au heritage.portphillip.vic.gov.au Visit Centauri, which is the size of a basketball, is near the Sun. The faint ring system discovered in 1977 when it moved in front of Society Astronomical with the Earth when it was very young. closest star we can see with our naked eyes is Alpha Centauri, of a star. the brighter of the two pointers to the Southern Cross. It is < Venus 42 metres Mars 77 metres >

< Saturn 1500 metres Neptune 1600 metres> a binary, or double star, with each being about the size of the route the

5. Mars has inspired curiosity and imagination for thousands of along cafés numerous are There Sun. It is about 4.3 light years away which would be 40,709 REFRESHMENTS 9. Neptune is a cold distant gas giant. Through a telescope it is kilometres from the Sun in the model, which is around the years, including theories of advanced civilisations however there

bluer than Uranus because it has more methane. Giant storms www.melbournebikeshare.com.au world and about 700 kilometres further. is no evidence of life on the planet. Its famous red colour is due STATIONS BIKE whirl through its atmosphere with the fastest winds recorded in

to iron oxide on the surface. The tilted axis creates seasons

Up to 90 minutes 90 to Up 2. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. Like the Earth’s the Solar System, up to 2,400 km/h. One storm, nearly as large as TIME and there are often violent dust storms. Its spectacular features

moon it is a grey barren world covered in a thick layer of dust Earth, circles the planet every eighteen hours. In 1989 the Voyager

5.9 kilometres 5.9 include the immense volcano ‘Olympus Mons’ (27km high) and LENGTH and heavily scarred with impact craters. These craters never 2 spacecraft discovered eleven small moons and a faint ring system.

the vast canyon ‘Valles Marineris’ with a length about the distance

Port Melbourne Port erode because of the lack of atmosphere. Mercury at times can Triton is the largest (2,700km in diameter) as well as being the FINISH from Sydney to Perth (4000km). The two moons, Phobos and be seen close to the Sun, just after sunset or just before sunrise. coldest moon in the Solar System. Geysers of nitrogen spew from

Deimos, are actually small captured asteroids. St Kilda St The ancient Greeks believed it to be two separate objects: its surface. START Apollo in the morning and Hermes in the evening. < Jupiter 551 metres Earth 77 metres > < Uranus 1600 metres Pluto 1400 metres> < Sun 60 metres

3. Venus is similar in size to Earth. It is a hellish world with 6. Jupiter contains more than twice as much material as all 10. Pluto, discovered in 1930, is a tiny world smaller than the crushing pressures, scorching temperatures and sulphuric acid the other planets combined. The atmosphere is thousands of Earth’s moon. Charon, one of its five moons, is half the size of Pluto. rain. The Russian Venera 13 spacecraft survived only 2 hours kilometres deep with hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia. Beyond Neptune are tens of thousands of asteroids of ice and and 7 minutes after arrival. Venus shines brilliantly because of a It has at least seventy moons and a faint ring system. Io, one of rock left over from when the planets were formed. This asteroid Walks in Port Phillip thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide. The ‘evening’ or ‘morning’ Jupiter’s largest moons, is the most volcanic planet or moon in the belt is called the ‘Kuiper Belt’. In 2005 a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) star, as it is often called, appears soon after sunset or not long Solar System. Europa has an ice crust above an ocean of water. larger than Pluto was located and named Eris. Now we realise that before sunrise. Twice in every 120 years Venus passes or ‘transits’ Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System, is made of Pluto is just one of these large asteroids or ‘Dwarf Planets’. The between the Earth and the Sun, including in1874, 1882, 2004 rock and ice. ‘The Great Red Spot’ is a cyclonic storm up to three New Horizons spacecraft reached Pluto in July 2015, after a nine SOLAR SYSTEM and 2012. times the Earth’s diameter, which has been observed for at least year voyage, to study Pluto, Charon and other KBO’s. Part of Pluto’s 300 years. orbit can be closer to the Sun than Neptune. < Mars 551 metres Saturn 622 metres > < Neptune 1400 metres TRAIL

Mars, courtesy NASA Earth, courtesy NASA Neptune, courtesy NASA D R

S D N A L ST K N C MA O TE D W WHI E ST c G l

A a

T r P

E e O

D F n W R d

Y R E B o TH AN E R

E M n B OR E OU N W S L s E A T VAR Y t Fishermans D Bend 10 THE SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL SAND IN SPACE GRANT ST

T S BE RD Navigate the solar system from the sun to the outer planets by The beach is a clue to the immensity of the universe. Pick up A S C TY L H CI L s E t following the bike andW walking trail on the City of Port Phillip’s a handful of sand as you walk. It contains about 10,000 grains. CRoCKF T ORD ST S SOUTH MELBOURNE T R MARKET foreshore.U Imagine that each grain is one star like our sun. Reflect that there T T S S SS CE IN COVENTRY ST PR are about ten times as many stars as grains of sand on all the PRINCESS PIER In 2008 artists and scientists constructed a model of our solar b DORC T r AS ST world’s beaches and deserts combined. There are an estimated S i DORCA

d M S ST

S g F E E O system to a scale of one to one billion between St Kilda and

e N

K R

O T

T S R A S T T A 70,000 million million million stars (seven followed by twenty-two

S G R

S U

Y S A E t

Portbank Melbourne. Instead of navigating 4.5 billion kilometres from

B st s

S t K

T zeros) in the observable universe. I

G L

the sun to Neptune, andD 5.9 billion kilometres from the sun to R G PARK ST

A L A H O

R A V PARK ST

R O c

M E l U c

R c D a

h Pluto, you only travel 4.5 kilometres and 5.9 kilometres. Our sun is just one star of more than 300 billion stars in the

S T e r

S u S c

STATION PIER E S O r T e

T i

n c ST VINC l K

S S ENT PL NORTH A d

h I

E s

T o N

L t 9 t n NAPIER ST Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy is just one of more than 100 billion

s S G K ST VINC t MELBOURNE

a ENT ST E T de C s S na I t The foreshore has always been a superbBOTANIC location to view the la P W sp DO GARDENS E ST VINCENT PL SOUTH A M galaxies in the observable universe which is probably a minuscule R Y A LAGOON I RAGLA IN C sunN S Tsetting on the western horizon. Port Phillip Bay’s crescent PIER H R A D R fraction of the actual number. D S O B shape is perfect for a model where the ‘sun’ can be viewed from N RiDPORT ST WEST D A S N T

K B M S every one of the nine model locations. E E A S C T R

T SOLAR SYSTEM TRAIL O N O rd

S N t

F e er I AV S lb E T a L IA OR START AT THE SUN Our solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, hundreds of Hobsons D T C P VI A R A moons and countless asteroids, comets, dwarf planets and other D T bay E The trail starts at the sun sculpture,O near the white lighthouse OR AK R small bodies. D in Marina Reserve at the south end ofWE St Kilda Beach. From the

ST Q

RD U S

D sun follow the foreshoreE trail north to visit the eight planets, It formed about 5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust t R E

FE T C N

S A

E K S

K S L

L I

L a T L I k

M accurately scaled R to size and distance. You can walk to the first left behind by dying stars. This cloud gravitationally collapsed into

P E e D D s

A R A i

G B d

KERFERD e

E U PIER five planets within twentyD minutes. The furthest object, the a rotating disk. Most of the material gathered at the centre to

S d

T Y r

i R v

D dwarfe planet Pluto at Sandridge Beach, can be reached within form the sun. Smaller amounts further out formed the planets. As T S t LD S O t AR ninety minutes. planets orbited they swept the area around them clear of rock. gh H ri ALBERT W PARK OUR ENVIRONMENT Of the eight planets, the inner four are rocky while the outer 8 planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - are gas giants. Seeing the Earth on a human scale shows its immense isolation T Spacecraft missions since the mid-1970s have hugely increased our S NG RO and vulnerability. In the vastness of space it is imperative for us ST knowledge of the planets. Spacecraft cannot land on the gas giants, M ST AR R GO to care for this precious environment of our only home. RE only on some of their moons, for instance, the Huygens Probe that c G REMEMBER M landed on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon in 2005.

Every millimetre you walk is 1000 kilometres. HWY PRINCESS B E A C P O A R N K HIGH ST Every centimetre you walk is 10,000 kilometres. S F S I T E c L a D n

P t Every metre you walk (one and a half steps) is A e R r A b D u 1,000,000 kilometres. E r y

r d When you walk 5.9 kilometres from the Sun (Marina Reserve) to Pluto (Port Melbourne), 7 you have travelled 5.9 billion kilometres.

ST MARY P

CATANI GARDENS oy St Walking Fitzr HWY NEPEAN Model Actual distance ST KILDA PIER St Planets Actual diameters distance A KSON C JAC size from the Sun L G A r from Sun N e D y

T S S H t E t

1. Sun 1,392,000 km 139 cm E S

J P L A A St C E N ROB K A 2. Mercury 4,878 km 0.5 cm 60 million km 60 m A D E B St L LYDE 6 V C D

3. Venus 12,102 km 1.2 cm 108 million km 108 m T S L EL V CA

4. Earth 12,756 km 1.28 cm 150 million km 150 m GRV KESPEARE SHA C 5 A RL

t I

S SL

38 cm Y S

L t

Earth’s moon 4 K

from earth R

3 M B

N 5. Mars 6,792 km 0.67 cm 227 million km 227 m 2 E

BLESSINGT P ON St

d 1 e 6. Jupiter 142,980 km 1.43 cm 778 million km 778 m 7. Saturn 120,536 km 12 cm 1.4 billion km 1.4 km DICKENS St 8. Uranus 51,118 km 5.1 cm 2.9 billion km 2.9 km

E LW OO D 9. Neptune 49,528 km 4.9 cm 4.5 billion km 4.5 km Pluto Sun C A N A G L LEN 10. Pluto 2,340 km 0.24 cm 5.9 billion km 5.9 km HU NT LY RD ELWOOD O R M PARK O OUTFALL N D

PLATFORM E S P L

H EA D St D R

S D N A L T K N S C MA O TE D W WHI E ST c G l

A a

T r P

E e O

D F n W R d

Y R E B o TH AN E R

E M n B OR E OU N W S L s E A T VAR Y t Fishermans D Bend 10 THE SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL SAND IN SPACE GRANT ST

d M S ST

S g F E E O system to a scale of one to one billion between St Kilda and

e N

K R

O T

T S R A S T T A 70,000 million million million stars (seven followed by twenty-two

S G R

S U

Y S A E t

Portbank Melbourne. Instead of navigating 4.5 billion kilometres from

B st s

t K

T zeros) in the observable universe. I

G L

the sun to Neptune, andD 5.9 billion kilometres from the sun to R G PARK ST

A L A H O

R A V PARK ST

R O c

M E l U c

R c D a

h Pluto, you only travel 4.5 kilometres and 5.9 kilometres. Our sun is just one star of more than 300 billion stars in the

S T e r

S u S c

STATION PIER E S O r T e

T i

n c ST VINC l K

S S ENT PL NORTH A d

h I

E s

T o N

L t 9 t n NAPIER ST Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy is just one of more than 100 billion s S G K ST VINC t MELBOURNE

a ENT ST E T de C s S na I t The foreshore has always been a superbBOTANIC location to view the la P W sp DO GARDENS E ST VINCENT PL SOUTH A M galaxies in the observable universe which is probably a minuscule R Y A LAGOON I RAGL IN C sunAN S Tsetting on the western horizon. Port Phillip Bay’s crescent PIER H R A D R fraction of the actual number. D S O B shape is perfect for a model where the ‘sun’ can be viewed from N RiDPORT ST WEST D A S N T

K B M S every one of the nine model locations. E E A S C T R

T SOLAR SYSTEM TRAIL O N O rd

S N t

ST Q

RD U S

D sun follow the foreshoreE trail north to visit the eight planets, It formed about 5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust t R E

FE T C N

S A

E K S

K S L

L I

L a T L I k

M accurately scaled R to size and distance. You can walk to the first left behind by dying stars. This cloud gravitationally collapsed into

P E e D D s

A R A i

G B d KERFERD e

E U R PIER five planets within twentyD minutes. The furthest object, the a rotating disk. Most of the material gathered at the centre to

S d

T Y r

i R v

Every millimetre you walk is 1000 kilometres. HWY PRINCESS B E A C P O A R N K HIGH ST Every centimetre you walk is 10,000 kilometres. S F S I T E c L a D n

P t Every metre you walk (one and a half steps) is A e R r A b D u 1,000,000 kilometres. E r y r d When you walk 5.9 kilometres from the Sun (Marina Reserve) to Pluto (Port Melbourne), 7 you have travelled 5.9 billion kilometres.

ST MARY P

CATANI GARDENS oy St Walking Fitzr HWY NEPEAN Model Actual distance ST KILDA PIER St Planets Actual diameters distance A KSON C JAC size from the Sun L G A r from Sun N e D y

T S S H t E t

1. Sun 1,392,000 km 139 cm E S

J P

A L A St C E N ROB K A 2. Mercury 4,878 km 0.5 60 60 A D cm million km m E B St L LYDE 6 V C D

3. Venus 12,102 km 1.2 cm 108 million km 108 m T S L EL V A C

4. Earth 12,756 km 1.28 cm 150 million km 150 m GRV KESPEARE SHA C 5 A RL

t I

S SL

38 cm Y S

L t

Earth’s moon 4 K from earth R

3 M B

N 5. Mars 6,792 km 0.67 cm 227 million km 227 m 2 E

BLESSINGTON St P

d 1 e 6. Jupiter 142,980 km 1.43 cm 778 million km 778 m 7. Saturn 120,536 km 12 cm 1.4 billion km 1.4 km DICKENS St 8. Uranus 51,118 km 5.1 cm 2.9 billion km 2.9 km

E LW OO D 9. Neptune 49,528 km 4.9 cm 4.5 billion km 4.5 km Pluto Sun C A N A G L LEN 10. Pluto 2,340 km 0.24 cm 5.9 billion km 5.9 km HU NT LY RD ELWOOD O R M PARK O OUTFALL N D

PLATFORM E S P L

H EA D St D R

S D N A L T K N S C MA O TE D W WHI E ST c G l

A a

T r P

E e O

D F n W R d

Y R E B o TH AN E R

E M n B OR E OU N W S L s E A T VAR Y t Fishermans D Bend 10 THE SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL SAND IN SPACE GRANT ST

d M S ST

S g F E E O system to a scale of one to one billion between St Kilda and

e N

K R

O T

T S R A S T T A 70,000 million million million stars (seven followed by twenty-two

S G R

S U

Y S A E t

Portbank Melbourne. Instead of navigating 4.5 billion kilometres from

B st s

t K

T zeros) in the observable universe. I

G L

the sun to Neptune, andD 5.9 billion kilometres from the sun to R G PARK ST

A L A H O

R A V PARK ST

R O c

M E l U c

R c D a

h Pluto, you only travel 4.5 kilometres and 5.9 kilometres. Our sun is just one star of more than 300 billion stars in the

S T e r

S u S c

STATION PIER E S O r T e

T i

n c ST VINC l K

S S ENT PL NORTH A d

h I

E s

T o N

L t 9 t n NAPIER ST Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy is just one of more than 100 billion s S G K ST VINC t MELBOURNE

a ENT ST E T de C s S na I t The foreshore has always been a superbBOTANIC location to view the la P W sp DO GARDENS E ST VINCENT PL SOUTH A M galaxies in the observable universe which is probably a minuscule R Y A LAGOON I RAGL IN C sunAN S Tsetting on the western horizon. Port Phillip Bay’s crescent PIER H R A D R fraction of the actual number. D S O B shape is perfect for a model where the ‘sun’ can be viewed from N RiDPORT ST WEST D A S N T

K B M S every one of the nine model locations. E E A S C T R

T SOLAR SYSTEM TRAIL O N O rd

S N t

ST Q

RD U S

D sun follow the foreshoreE trail north to visit the eight planets, It formed about 5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust t R E

FE T C N

S A

E K S

K S L

L I

L a T L I k

M accurately scaled R to size and distance. You can walk to the first left behind by dying stars. This cloud gravitationally collapsed into

P E e D D s

A R A i

G B d KERFERD e

E U R PIER five planets within twentyD minutes. The furthest object, the a rotating disk. Most of the material gathered at the centre to

S d

T Y r

i R v

Every millimetre you walk is 1000 kilometres. HWY PRINCESS B E A C P O A R N K HIGH ST Every centimetre you walk is 10,000 kilometres. S F S I T E c L a D n

ST MARY P

CATANI GARDENS oy St Walking Fitzr HWY NEPEAN Model Actual distance ST KILDA PIER St Planets Actual diameters distance A KSON C JAC size from the Sun L G A r from Sun N e D y

T S S H t E t

1. Sun 1,392,000 km 139 cm E S

J P

A L A St C E N ROB K A 2. Mercury 4,878 km 0.5 60 60 A D cm million km m E B St L LYDE 6 V C D

3. Venus 12,102 km 1.2 cm 108 million km 108 m T S L EL V A C

4. Earth 12,756 km 1.28 cm 150 million km 150 m GRV KESPEARE SHA C 5 A RL

t I

S SL

38 cm Y S

L t

Earth’s moon 4 K from earth R

3 M B

N 5. Mars 6,792 km 0.67 cm 227 million km 227 m 2 E

BLESSINGTON St P

d 1 e 6. Jupiter 142,980 km 1.43 cm 778 million km 778 m 7. Saturn 120,536 km 12 cm 1.4 billion km 1.4 km DICKENS St 8. Uranus 51,118 km 5.1 cm 2.9 billion km 2.9 km

E LW OO D 9. Neptune 49,528 km 4.9 cm 4.5 billion km 4.5 km Pluto Sun C A N A G L LEN 10. Pluto 2,340 km 0.24 cm 5.9 billion km 5.9 km HU NT LY RD ELWOOD O R M PARK O OUTFALL N D

PLATFORM E S P L

H EA D St

Robbins, Scienceworks and the the and Scienceworks Robbins,

and a core temperature of 20,000,000C. It is a middle-aged for the ‘great southern land’. (nitrogen). It also has lakes of liquid methane discovered by the located model temporary initial

star, at least 4.6 billion years old but has an expected lifespan of an on based was themes, artistic

< Mercury 48 metres Earth 42 metres > Huygens Probe which landed in 2005.

educational, environmental and and environmental educational, 10-12 billion years. The Sun contains 99.86% of the total mass of support. and

This project, combining combining project, This

the solar system and its gravity holds all of the planets in orbit. advice their for Victoria,

4. Earth is unique, the only place we know of in the Solar System < Jupiter 622 meters Uranus 1500 metres>

Solar Sytem Trail Project (2008) Project Trail Sytem Solar

Proxima Centauri, closest star to us after the Sun and galaxy that supports life. It lies within the Sun’s ‘habitable of Society Astronomical

. Uranus 8 lies on its side causing it to ‘roll’ around the Sun. Strangely, Adcock, Barry and Cleland

zone’ with liquid water on its surface and with life-supporting

After the Sun, the closest star to us is a small Red Dwarf star, 6777. 9209 03 its equator has been tilted more than ninety degrees to its orbit. Barry to thanks Special

concentrations and amounts of chemicals. The core of iron is via our ASSIST centre on centre ASSIST our via

Proxima Centauri. It is too faint to be seen without using a Perhaps early in its history it collided with a huge unknown object.

covered by a thick mantle of liquid rock. Continents and oceans You can also contact us by phone phone by us contact also can You

sizeable telescope. It is 4.24 light years away, so in our model, In 1781 it was the first planet since ancient times to be discovered map Trail System Solar

float on the thin outer crust of solid rock. The atmosphere is 78%

the City of Port Phillip. Port of City the which is 1:1 billion scale, it is 40,140 kilometres away. This is (by William Herschel). The atmosphere is mainly hydrogen with 2008. in reality

nitrogen, 21% oxygen, a little carbon dioxide and other gases. The

moon is about one quarter the diameter of the Earth. Scientists

believe it was formed after an object the size of Mars collided

< Saturn 1500 metres Neptune 1600 metres> a binary, or double star, with each being about the size of the route the

kilometres from the Sun in the model, which is around the years, including theories of advanced civilisations however there

whirl through its atmosphere with the fastest winds recorded in

to iron oxide on the surface. The tilted axis creates seasons

moon it is a grey barren world covered in a thick layer of dust Earth, circles the planet every eighteen hours. In 1989 the Voyager

5.9 kilometres 5.9 include the immense volcano ‘Olympus Mons’ (27km high) and LENGTH

and heavily scarred with impact craters. These craters never 2 spacecraft discovered eleven small moons and a faint ring system.

the vast canyon ‘Valles Marineris’ with a length about the distance

be seen close to the Sun, just after sunset or just before sunrise. coldest moon in the Solar System. Geysers of nitrogen spew from

Mars, courtesy NASA Earth, courtesy NASA Neptune, courtesy NASA