Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Programme for the Proposed Extension of the Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd Sand Mine

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR THE PROPOSED EXTENSION OF THE SKY SANDS (PTY) LTD SAND MINE

MPRDA SECTION 102 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE SAND MINING ON PORTION 17 AND 18 (A PORTION OF PORTION 7) OF THE FARM PANFONTEIN 437IR AND PORTION 1 OF THE FARM VISCHGAT 467IR, GAUTENG PROVINCE

DMR REF. NO: GP/30/5/1/2/2 (214)

ENVASS REF. NO: 197-14_15

Submitted to:

Department of Mineral Resources Gauteng Region

Document Control, Quality Control and Disclaimer

DOCUMENT CONTROL MPRDA Section 102 Environmental Management Programme for the extension of the sand Document Title mine on Portion 17 and 18 (a portion of Portion 7) of the Farm Panfontein 437 IR and Portion 1 of the Farm Vischgat 476 IR, Gauteng, Province. Report Number MPRDA-EMP-197-14_15 Version 0.1 Date May 2015 Person: Mr Gary Conrad Submitted to Position: Project Specialist Email: [email protected] 1X Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd Distribution 1X Environmental Assurance (Pty) Ltd 6X Gauteng Department of Mineral Resources QUALITY CONTROL Originated By Reviewed By Approved By Name Monica Niehof Retha Weir Corrie Retief Environmental Designation Quality Reviewer Manager Authorisations Consultant

Signature

Date 2015/04/20 2015/05/04 2015/05/08

DISCLAIMER

A Copyright ENVASS. All Rights Reserved - This documentation is considered the intellectual property of ENVASS. Unauthorised reproduction or distribution of this documentation or any portion of it may result in severe civil and criminal penalties, and violators will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under law.

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 1 REGULATION 50 (A) ...... 1 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 1 1.1 CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON SITE RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE SURROUNDING AREA ...... 1 1.1.1 LOCALITY ...... 1 1.1.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS ...... 2 1.1.3 TOPOGRAPHY ...... 4 1.1.4 HYDROLOGY ...... 4 1.1.5 SURFACE WATER ...... 5 1.1.6 GROUNDWATER ...... 11 1.1.7 CLIMATE ...... 12 1.1.8 BIODIVERSITY ...... 18 1.1.9 FLORA ...... 19 1.1.10 FAUNA ...... 25 1.1.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 26 1.1.12 VISUAL QUALITY ...... 28 1.1.13 HERITAGE RESOURCES ...... 29 1.1.14 NOISE AND VIBRATION ...... 34 1.1.15 AIR QUALITY ...... 34 1.2 CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF EACH OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS BOTH ON THE SITE APPLIED FOR AND IN THE SURROUNDING AREA WHICH MAY REQUIRE PROTECTION OR REMEDIATION ...... 35 1.2.1 GEOLOGY AND SOILS ...... 35 1.2.2 WATERCOURSES AND WETLANDS ...... 35 1.2.3 GROUNDWATER ...... 36 1.2.4 BIODIVERSITY AND FAUNA AND FLORA ...... 36 1.2.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES ...... 37 1.2.6 AIR QUALITY ...... 37 1.3 CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC LAND USES, CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ASPECTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SITE AND NEIGHBOURING PROPERTIES/FARMS IN RESPECT OF WHICH THE POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF OTHER PARTIES TO BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION...... 37 1.3.1 LAND USE ...... 37 1.3.2 HERITAGE ...... 38 1.3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 39

1.4 ANNOTATED MAP SHOWING THE SPATIAL LOCALITY AND AERIAL EXTENT OF ALL ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL/HERITAGE, INFRASTRUCTURE AND LAND USE FEATURES IDENTIFIED ON SITE AND ON THE NEIGHBOURING PROPERTIES AND FARMS ...... 40 1.5 CONFIRMATION THAT SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS IN THE FORM OF SPECIALIST STUDIES ARE ATTACHED AS APPENDICES ...... 40 2. THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION ...... 40 2.1 THE MINERAL TO BE MINED ...... 40 2.2 THE MINING METHOD TO BE EMPLOYED AT THE LEVEL OF OPENCAST, UNDERGROUND, STOPING, STOOPING, TOTAL EXTRACTION, BOARD AND PILLAR, BLOCK CAVING, SHRINKING, DREDGING, PUMPING, MONITORING, ETC. AND PROVIDE A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE INTENDED MAGNITUDE THEREOF, IN TERMS OF VOLUMES, DEPTH AND AERIAL EXTENT ...... 41 2.3 LIST OF THE MAIN MINING ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES, OR PROCESSES, SUCH AS, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ACCESS ROADS, SHAFTS, PITS, WORKSHOPS AND STORES, PROCESSING PLANT, RESIDUE DEPOSITION SITES, TOPSOIL STORAGE SITES, STOCKPILES, WASTE DUMPS, ACCESS ROADS DAMS, AND ANY OTHER BASIC MINE DESIGN FEATURES...... 42 2.3.1 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE MINE INCLUDE INTER ALIA: ...... 42 2.3.2 THE MAIN MINING ACTIONS ...... 43 2.3.3 PROCESSING ACTIVITIES ...... 46 2.3.4 DISPATCH ACTIVITIES ...... 50 2.3.5 SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES – ON-SITE ...... 51 2.3.6 SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES – OFF-SITE ...... 52 2.3.7 SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES - GENERAL ...... 53 2.3.8 REHABILITATION AND MINE CLOSURE ...... 54 2.3.9 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ...... 55 3. PLAN SHOWING THE LOCATION AND AERIAL EXTENT OF THE AFORESAID MAIN MINING ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES, OR PROCESSES AS REQUIRED TO CALCULATE THE FINANCIAL PROVISION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DEPARTMENT’S PUBLISHED GUIDELINE. (REG. 51 (B) (V)) ...... 56 3.1 LISTED ACTIVITIES (IN TERMS OF THE NEMA EIA REGULATIONS) WHICH WILL BE OCCURRING WITHIN THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 56 3.2 INDICATION OF THE PHASES (CONSTRUCTION, OPERATIONAL, DECOMMISSIONING) AND ESTIMATED TIMEFRAMES IN RELATION TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES OR PROCESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE...... 56 3.3 CONFIRMATION IF ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION IS ATTACHED AS APPENDICES ...... 58 4. THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 58 4.1 LIST OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS, ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS INCLUDING THE CULTURAL / HERITAGE ASPECTS, SEPARATELY IN RESPECT OF EACH OF THE AFORESAID ii

MAIN MINING ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES, PROCESSES, AND ACTIVITIES LISTED IN THE NEMA EIA REGULATIONS ...... 58 4.2 LIST OF ALL POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 58 4.2.1 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY ...... 58 4.2.2 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY ...... 59 4.2.3 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY ...... 60 4.2.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON VEGETATION ...... 60 4.2.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACT OF FAUNAL HABITAT AND DISPLACEMENT ...... 61 4.2.6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON NATURAL MIGRATORY ROUTES AND FAUNAL AND FLORAL DISPERSAL PATTERNS ...... 62 4.2.7 POSITIVE CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES, OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AND CREATING UPLIFTMENT ...... 62 4.2.8 CUMULATIVE IMPACT: DECREASE IN AIR QUALITY IN THE IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS OF THE MINE; ...... 63 4.2.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACT INCREASING NOISE LEVELS ...... 64 4.2.10 CUMULATIVE IMPACT: INCREASED TRAFFIC VOLUMES AS A RESULT OF MORE HEAVY VEHICLES MAKING USE OF THE ROADS IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA; ...... 65 4.3 STATE SPECIFICALLY WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS A RISK OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE OR POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE MINERAL TO BE MINED. (IF SUCH A RISK IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MINERAL TO BE MINED PROVIDE A SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF A SPECIALIST GEO- HYDROLOGICAL REPORT IN THAT REGARD)...... 66 REGULATION 50 (B) ...... 66 5. THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENTS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED ...... 66 5.1 CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OF THE AREA IN WHICH THE MINE IS PROPOSED TO OPERATE ...... 66 5.2 LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE MAIN FEATURES AND INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USES OR DEVELOPMENTS ...... 66 5.3 PLAN SHOWING THE LOCATION AND AERIAL EXTENT OF THE AFORESAID MAIN FEATURES OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE AND INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO ALTERNATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENTS IDENTIFIED DURING SCOPING ...... 67 6. THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENT ...... 67 6.1 LIST OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF EACH OF THE AFORESAID MAIN FEATURES AND INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENT AND RELATED LISTED ACTIVITIES...... 67 REGULATION 50 (C) ...... 68 iii

7. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS ...... 68 7.1 LIST OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION ON THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF OTHER PARTIES’ LAND USE ACTIVITIES ...... 68 7.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE CULTURAL ASPECT THAT WILL POTENTIALLY BE AFFECTED, AND DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SUCH CULTURAL ASPECT ...... 68 7.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES OBSERVED ON THE STUDY AREA ...... 68 7.3.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OF THE SPECIALIST SURVEY ...... 70 7.4 DESCRIPTION OF HERITAGE FEATURES AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SUCH HERITAGE FEATURE. (IN CASES WHERE SUCH FEATURES ARE NOT APPLICABLE THE APPLICANT MUST STILL INCLUDE THE ITEM IN THE LIST AND DESCRIBE IT AS NOT APPLICABLE)...... 70 7.5 QUANTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED PERSONS, AS DETERMINED BY THE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF A SPECIALIST REPORT IN THAT REGARD ...... 71 7.5.1 THE AMOUNT OF THE QUANTIFIED POTENTIAL IMPACT ON PROPERTY OR INFRASTRUCTURAL ASSETS ...... 71 7.5.2 STATE THE AMOUNT OF THE QUANTIFIED POTENTIAL IMPACT ON COMMERCIAL, ECONOMIC OR BUSINESS ACTIVITY WHICH WILL BE IMPACTED UPON AS A RESULT OF THE MINING ACTIVITY ...... 71 7.5.3 THE SUM OF THE AMOUNTS, REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPHS 7.5.1 AND 7.5.2 ABOVE...... 71 8. ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 71 8.1 LIST OF EACH POTENTIAL IMPACT IDENTIFIED IN PARAGRAPHS 4 AND 7 ABOVE. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 71 8.2 CONCOMITANT IMPACT RATING FOR EACH POTENTIAL IMPACT LISTED IN PARAGRAPH 8.1 ABOVE IN TERMS OF ITS NATURE, EXTENT, DURATION, PROBABILITY AND SIGNIFICANCE. (PROVIDE A DEFINITION OF THE CRITERIA USED FOR EACH OF THE VARIABLES USED FOR RATING POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND ENSURE THAT THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS ARE RATED SPECIFICALLY WITH THE ASSUMPTION THAT NO MITIGATION MEASURES ARE APPLIED) ...... 71 8.2.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ...... 71 8.2.2 ENVASS IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 73 8.2.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS ...... 77 8.3 INDICATION OF THE PHASES (CONSTRUCTION, OPERATIONAL, DECOMMISSIONING) AND ESTIMATED TIME FRAMES IN RELATION TO THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS RATED ...... 78 REGULATION 50 (D) ...... 78 9. IDENTIFICATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USES WHICH WILL BE IMPACTED UPON ...... 78 9.1 LISTED RESULTS OF A SPECIALIST COMPARATIVE LAND USE ASSESSMENT ...... 78 iv

REGULATION 50 (E) ...... 79 10. LIST OF ALL THE SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AS IDENTIFIED IN THE ASSESSMENT CONDUCTED IN TERMS OF REGULATION 50 (C) ...... 79 REGULATION 50 (F) ...... 79 11. IDENTIFICATION OF INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES (INCLUDING THE COMMUNITY, AND LIST AS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SCOPING REPORT GUIDELINE AND IDENTIFIED IN THE SCOPING REPORT) ...... 79 12. THE DETAILS OF THE ENGAGEMENT PROCESS (INCLUDING THE COMMUNITY, AND LIST AS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SCOPING REPORT GUIDELINE AND IDENTIFIED IN THE SCOPING REPORT AND ANY FURTHER CONSULTATION SINCE THE COMPILATION OF THE SCOPING REPORT)...... 80 12.1 CONSULTATION AND CORRESPONDENCE WITH I&APS AND STAKEHOLDERS ...... 80 12.2 DETAILS REGARDING THE MANNER IN WHICH THE ISSUES RAISED WERE ADDRESSED. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 80 REGULATION 50 (G) ...... 80 13. THE APPROPRIATE MITIGATORY MEASURES FOR EACH SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATIONS ...... 80 13.1 ADEQUACY OF PREDICTIVE METHODS UTILISED ...... 80 13.2 ADEQUACY OF UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS ...... 80 13.3 UNCERTAINTIES IN THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ...... 81 REGULATION 50 (H) ...... 81 14. ARRANGEMENTS FOR MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 81 14.1 LIST OF IDENTIFIED IMPACTS WHICH WILL REQUIRE MONITORING PROGRAMMES ...... 81 14.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SAID MONITORING PROGRAMMES ...... 81 14.2.1 SURFACE WATER MONITORING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 81 14.2.2 GROUNDWATER MONITORING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: ...... 82 14.2.3 DUST MONITORING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: ...... 82 14.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE MONITORING PROGRAMMES ...... 85 14.3.1 TIME FRAMES FOR MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 85 REGULATION 50 (I) ...... 86 15. TECHNICAL AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 86 SECTION 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME ...... 87 REGULATION 51 (A) ...... 87

16. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR MINE CLOSURE .... 87 16.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS THAT DESCRIBE THE PRE-MINING ENVIRONMENT ...... 88 16.2 MEASURES REQUIRED TO CONTAIN OR REMEDY ANY CAUSES OF POLLUTION OR DEGRADATION OR THE MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS, BOTH FOR CLOSURE OF THE MINE AND POST-CLOSURE...... 88 17. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EMANATING FROM THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION. (AS INFORMED BY THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE EIA IN TERMS OF REGULATION 50 (H))...... 89 17.1 LIST OF IDENTIFIED IMPACTS WHICH WILL REQUIRE MONITORING PROGRAMMES...... 90 17.2 LIST OF THE SOURCE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE THE CAUSE OF THE IMPACTS WHICH REQUIRE TO BE MANAGED ...... 90 17.3 MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES WHICH, WHERE APPLICABLE, WILL BE CONDUCTED DAILY, WEEKLY, MONTHLY, QUARTERLY, ANNUALLY OR PERIODICALLY AS THE CASE MAY BE IN ORDER TO CONTROL ANY ACTION, ACTIVITY OR PROCESS WHICH CAUSES POLLUTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ...... 90 17.4 THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES ...... 91 17.4.1 EMPR ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 91 18. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AS IDENTIFIED IN THE SOCIAL AND LABOUR PLAN. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 93 19. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS ...... 94 19.1 ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IN RESPECT OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS IDENTIFIED IN SPECIALIST STUDIES CONDUCTED DURING THE EIA PHASE ...... 94 REGULATION 51 (B) – OUTLINE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ...... 96 20. THE APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS CHOSEN FOR EACH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION AND HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT IN EACH PHASE OF THE MINING OPERATION, AS FOLLOWS ...... 96 20.1 ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES OR PROCESSES, INCLUDING ANY NEMA EIA REGULATION LISTED ACTIVITIES, WHICH CAUSE POLLUTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 96 20.2 CONCOMITANT LIST OF APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL OR MANAGEMENT OPTIONS CHOSEN TO MODIFY, REMEDY, CONTROL OR STOP ANY ACTION, ACTIVITY, OR PROCESS WHICH WILL vi

CAUSE SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS AS IDENTIFIED. (ATTACH DETAIL OF EACH TECHNICAL OR MANAGEMENT OPTION AS ...... 97 21. ACTION PLANS TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS CONTEMPLATED IN REGULATION 50 (A) ...... 135 21.1 TIME SCHEDULES OF DEADLINES FOR EACH ACTION TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO IMPLEMENT EACH TECHNICAL OR MANAGEMENT OPTION CHOSEN. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 135 22. PROCEDURES FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY RELATED EMERGENCIES AND REMEDIATION. (AN ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY PLAN THAT INCLUDES ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 135 22.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIATION PROCEDURE ...... 135 22.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES ...... 135 22.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 136 22.3.1 EMERGENCY CONTROLLER ...... 137 22.3.2 MINE MANAGER ...... 138 22.3.3 DUTY SECURITY OFFICER ...... 138 22.3.4 PERSONS DISCOVERING AN EMERGENCY...... 139 22.3.5 ALL PERSONNEL ...... 139 22.3.6 QUICK REACTION TEAM ...... 140 22.4 RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES ...... 140 22.5 REPORTING EMERGENCIES ...... 141 22.6 EMERGENCY PLAN ...... 142 22.7 PROVISION OF EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES ...... 142 22.8 NOTIFYING THE RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES ...... 143 22.9 PREVENTATIVE MEASURES ...... 143 23. PLANNED MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ...... 144 23.1 DESCRIPTION OF PLANNED MONITORING OF THE ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT WHICH MAY BE IMPACTED UPON...... 144 23.2 PROVIDE A DESCRIPTION AS TO HOW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTION PLANS CONTEMPLATED IN REGULATION 51 (B) (II) AS DESCRIBED WILL BE MONITORED AS DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH 21 OF THE EMPR ...... 144 23.3 FREQUENCY OF PROPOSED REPORTING FOR ASSESSMENT PURPOSES ...... 144

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24. FINANCIAL PROVISION IN RELATION TO THE EXECUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME:- ...... 144 24.1 PLAN SHOWING THE LOCATION AND AERIAL EXTENT OF THE AFORESAID MAIN MINING ACTIONS, ACTIVITIES, OR PROCESSES ANTICIPATED. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 144 24.2 ANNUAL FORECASTED FINANCIAL PROVISION CALCULATION (REFER TO THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE EIA AND EMPR GUIDELINE) ...... 144 24.3 CONFIRMATION OF THE AMOUNT THAT WILL BE PROVIDED SHOULD THE RIGHT BE GRANTED ...... 145 24.4 THE METHOD OF PROVIDING FINANCIAL PROVISION CONTEMPLATED IN REGULATION 53...... 145 25. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS PLAN (SECTION 39 (3) (C)) (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 146 26. ATTACHMENT OF SPECIALIST REPORTS, TECHNICAL AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION. (PROVIDE A LIST) ...... 148 27. SECTION 39 (4) (A) (III), CAPACITY TO MANAGE AND REHABILITATE THE ENVIRONMENT (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT) ...... 148 28. UNDERTAKING ...... 149 29. IDENTIFICATION OF THE REPORT ...... 149 30. REFERENCES ...... 150 31. LIST OF ANNEXURES ...... 152

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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Locality of the Study Area ...... 1 Figure 2: Site Geology (DME, 1986) ...... 2 Figure 3: Photograph demonstrating the appearance of soil occurring on the study area ...... 3 Figure 4: Quaternary catchment of the Study Area ...... 5 Figure 5: Wetland and watercourse distribution and types on the study area ...... 8 Figure 6: Map indicating the PES of the wetland and watercourses recorded on the study area...... 9 Figure 7: Map indicating the Ecological Importance and Sensitivity (EIS) of the wetlands and watercourses . 10 Figure 8: Map indicating the mining plan in relation to wetland areas delineated on site ...... 10 Figure 9: Average maximum and minimum temperatures for Vereeniging weather station ...... 13 Figure 10: Average monthly rainfall and number of rain days for SAWS Vereeniging weather station ...... 14 Figure 11: Annual average wind rose recorded for the SAWS station at Vereeniging ...... 15 Figure 12: Monthly average wind rose recorded for the SAWS station at Vereeniging, ...... 18 Figure 13: Terrestrial vegetation units occurring on the study area ...... 22 Figure 14: GDARD Conservation Plan sensitive features on site ...... 24 Figure 15: Sensitive features on site (GDARD Conservation Plan) ...... 25 Figure 16: Localities of the culturally important features observed on the study area ...... 31 Figure 17: Detailed location of some of the culturally important features observed on the study area ...... 32 Figure 18: Surrounding Land Uses...... 38 Figure 19: Bulldozer clearing overburden from new mining area ...... 44 Figure 20: Excavator loading an Articulated Dump Truck with sand from the pit ...... 45 Figure 21: ADT delivering sand to the plant feed stockpile ...... 45 Figure 22: Panoramic view of the washing and screening plant...... 46 Figure 23: Simplified process flow diagram for Sky Sands Washing and Screening plant ...... 47 Figure 24: Block flow diagram for washing and screening plant showing mass inputs and outputs ...... 48 Figure 25: Two-way double weigh bridge ...... 51 Figure 26: Two-way double weigh bridge from the side ...... 51 Figure 27: Plant storage and workshop area ...... 52 Figure 29: Water truck refilling water tank from the settlement dam ...... 54 Figure 30: Alternative land use occurring on the study area ...... 67

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Extend and distribution of wetlands and watercourses and their ecological integrities ...... 7 Table 2: Comparison of rainfall and evaporation data for the Vaal Dam evaporation station ...... 14 Table 3: Wind speed classification in meter per second ...... 15 Table 4: Demographic profile of Midvaal Local Municipality ...... 27 Table 5: Activities to be considered when evaluating ambient air quality ...... 35 Table 6: The phases and timeframes of implementation of mining actions, activities and processes ...... 56 Table 7: List of impacts of agricultural activities ...... 67 Table 8: Significance Rating ...... 77 Table 9: Surface water monitoring points ...... 82 Table 10: Groundwater monitoring point ...... 82 Table 11: Four-band scale evaluation criteria for dust deposition ...... 83 Table 12: Functional requirements for monitoring programmes ...... 84 Table 13: Timeframe for monitoring and reporting ...... 85 Table 14: Role and Responsibilities ...... 91 Table 15: Mitigation measures / management actions for the operational phase ...... 98 Table 16: Mitigation measures / management actions for the decommissioning and closure phases ...... 121 Table 18: Environmental awareness and training ...... 147

ABBREVIATIONS

AIA - Archaeological Impact Assessment ADT - Articulated Dump Truck AGIS - Agricultural Geo-referenced Information System ARC - Agricultural Research Council ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials BID - Background Information Document CA - Competent Authority C-Plan - Conservation Plan DEA - Department of Environmental Affairs DEAT - Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (currently known as DEA) DM - District Municipality DME - Department of Minerals and Energy DMR - Department of Mineral Resources DWA - Department of Water Affairs (currently known as DWS) DWS - Department of Water and Sanitation EAP - Environmental Awareness Plan ECO - Environmental Control Officer EEP - Environmental Emergency Plan EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIR - Environmental Impact Report EIS - Ecological Importance and Sensitivity EMPR - Environmental Management Programme EMS - Environmental Management System ENPAT - Environmental Potential Atlas ESA - Early Stone Age FGM - Focus Group Meeting GAPA - Gauteng Agricultural Potential Atlas GDACE - Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Environment and Conservation (Now known as GDARD) GDARD - Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development GDP - Gross Domestic Product GG - Government Gazette GN - Government Notice GGP - Gross Geographic Product GIS - Geographic Information System HDSA - Historically Disadvantaged South Africans HGM - Hydro-Geomorphic xi

HIA - Heritage Impact Assessment HOD - Head of Department I&APs - Interested and Affected Parties IDP - Integrated Development Plan IPAP - Industrial Policy Action Plan IWRM - Integrated Water Resource Management IWWMP - Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan LIA - Late Iron Age LM - Local Municipality LSA - Late Stone Age MAR - Mean Annual Runoff MC - Management Class MPRDA - Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002) [as amended] MSA - Middle Stone Age NEMA - National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998) [as amended] NEMAQA - National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004) (Act No. 39 of 2004) NEMBA - National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) [as amended] NHRA - National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) NWA - National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998) [as amended] PES - Present Ecological State PPP - Public Participation Process SAHRA - South African Heritage Resources Agency SANAS - South African National Accreditation System SANBI - South African National Biodiversity Institute SAWS - South African Weather Service SHE - Safety, Health and Environment SM - Environmental Site Manager WCS - Wetland Consulting Services WRCS - Water Resource Classification System

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DEFINITIONS

Alien species: A plant or animal species introduced from elsewhere: neither endemic nor indigenous.

Anthropogenic: Change induced by human intervention.

Applicant: Any person who applies for an authorisation to undertake an activity or undertake an Environmental Process in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations – National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA) as contemplated in the scheduled activities listed in Government Notice (GN) No R. 543, 544 and 545.

Archaeological resources: This includes:

1 Material remains resulting from human activity which are in a state of disuse and are in or on land and which are older than 100 years including artefacts, human and hominid remains and artificial features and structures;

2 Rock art, being any form of painting, engraving or other graphic representation on a fixed rock surface or loose rock or stone, which was executed by human agency and which is older than 100 years, including any area within 10m of such representation; and

3 Wrecks, being any vessel or aircraft, or any part thereof which was wrecked in South Africa, whether on land, in the internal waters, the territorial waters or in the maritime culture zone of the republic as defined in the Maritimes Zones Act, and any cargo, debris or artefacts found or associated therewith, which is older than 60 years or which SAHRA considers to be worthy of conservation; features, structures and artefacts associated with military history which are older than 75 years and the site on which they are found.

Alluvial: Resulting from the action of rivers, whereby sedimentary deposits are laid down in river channels, floodplains, lakes, depressions etc.

Biodiversity: The variety of life in an area, including the number of different species, the genetic wealth within each species, and the natural areas where they are found.

Cultural significance: This means aesthetic, architectural, historical, scientific, social, spiritual, linguistic or technological value or significance

Cumulative Impact: In relation to an activity, cumulative impact means the impact of an activity that in itself may not be significant, but may become significant when added to the existing and potential impacts eventuating from similar or diverse activities or undertakings in the area.

Ecology: The study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environments.

Environment: All physical, chemical and biological factors and conditions that influence an object.

Environmental Impact Assessment: In relation to an application, to which Scoping must be applied, means the process of collecting, organising, analysing, interpreting and communicating information that is relevant to the consideration of the application. xiii

Environmental Impact Report: In-depth assessment of impacts associated with a proposed development. This forms the second phase of an Environmental Impact Assessment and follows on from the Scoping Report.

Environmental Management Programme: A legally binding working document, which stipulates environmental and socio-economic mitigation measures that, must be implemented by several responsible parties throughout the duration of the proposed project.

Heritage resources: This means any place or object of cultural significance. See also archaeological resources above.

Hydromorphic / hydric soil: Soil that in its un-drained condition is saturated or flooded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions favouring growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. These soils are found in and associated with wetlands.

Local relief: The difference between the highest and lowest points in a landscape. For this study, it is based on 1:50 000 scale.

Macro-geomorphological: Related to / on the scale of geomorphic provinces. A geomorphic province is a spatial entity with common geomorphic attributes.

Precipitation: Any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the earth's surface.

Red Data species: All those species included in the categories of endangered, vulnerable or rare, as defined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Riparian: The area of land adjacent to a stream or river that is influenced by stream induced or related processes.

Scoping Report: An “issues-based” report which forms the first phase of an Environmental Impact Assessment process.

Soil compaction: Soil becoming dense by blows, vehicle passage or other type of loading. Wet soils compact easier than moist or dry soils.

xiv

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR THE PROPOSED EXTENSION OF THE SKY SANDS (PTY) LTD SAND MINE

KEY PROJECT INFORMATION

Reference number: GP/30/5/1/2/2 (214)

Title: MPRDA Section 102 Environmental Management Programme for the extension of the sand mining on Portion 17 and 18 (a portion of Portion 7) of the Farm Panfontein 437 IR and Portion 1 of the Farm Vischgat 476 I, Gauteng Province

Authors: Monica Niehof

Client: Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd

Farm Description: Portion 17 and 18 (a portion of Portion 7) of the Farm Panfontein 437 IR and Portion 1 of the Farm Vischgat 476 I

21 Digit Surveyor General Code: IR0000000000043700017; IR0000000000043700018; and IR0000000000046700001

ITEM COMPANY CONTACT DETAILS

Name Mr Gary Conrad

Tel no 010 060 1555 Fax no 086 299 7163 Cellular no 082 499 5575 E-mail address [email protected] Postal address 9 Country Estate Drive Waterfall Business Estate Jukskei View 1662 South Africa

DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TEAM

Environmental consulting team

ITEM CONSULTANT CONTACT DETAILS (If applicable) Name Monica Niehof Tel no (012) 460 – 9768 Fax no: (012) 460 – 3071 E-mail address [email protected] Postal address 394 Tram Street New Muckleneuk Pretoria 0181

Emile van Druten:

Emile started Environmental Assurance (Pty) Ltd in 2004 after having spent 12 years as an Environmental manager at various corporate institutions. His career started in the conservation field as an anti-poaching team member at the Kwa Zulu Natal Parks Board.

He then joined the mining industry where he served companies such as Kudu Granite, Anglo American and BHP (Ingwe mining); his most recent corporate move was to Telkom South Africa where he headed up the Environmental and Health department.

Emile holds a BSc Hon degree from the University of Potchefstroom (University of the North West); he complimented this with an Environmental training diploma from the University of Rhodes and a Masters Degree in Project Management from the University of Pretoria [Management School].

He is a qualified ISO 14001 auditor having been appointed through a European based certification authority (TGA Germany). Emile is blessed with a family and his main hobby is art-lure fishing for which he has recently obtained provincial colours.

Monica Niehof

Monica has seven years' experience in the environmental field and 13 years work experience overall in a variety of fields including the tourism industry. She is currently studying towards a BSc. (Hons) degree in Environmental Management.

Her experience in the environmental field include Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA's), Environmental Management Programmes (EMP's), Public Participation Processes (PPP's) and Environmental Control and Monitoring for a variety of development projects including mining, residential, retail, commercial and infrastructure projects.

xvi

NAME OF APPLICANT: Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd

REFERENCE NUMBER: GP/30/5/1/2/2 (214)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PROGRAMME

SUBMITTED FOR AN APPLICATION

FOR A MINING RIGHT

IN TERMS OF SECTION 39 AND OF REGULATIONS 50 AND 51 OF THE MINERAL

AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACT, 2002,

(ACT NO. 28 OF 2002) (the Act)

xvii

STANDARD DIRECTIVE

All applicants for mining rights are herewith, in terms of the provisions of Section 29 (a) and in terms of section 39 (5) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, directed to submit an environmental Impact Assessment, and an Environmental Management Programme strictly in accordance with the subject headings herein, and to compile the content according to all the sub items to the said subject headings referred to in the guideline published on the Departments website, within 30 days of notification by the Regional Manager of the acceptance of such application.

xviii

SECTION 1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REGULATION 50 (a)

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Concise description of the environment on site relative to the environment in the surrounding area

1.1.1 Locality

The study area is located approximately 12km to the south-east of Vereeniging (refer to

Figure 1) within the boundaries of the Midvaal Local Municipality (LM), which forms part of the Sedibeng District Municipality (DM), Gauteng Province. The Sedibeng DM is situated in the south of the Gauteng Province and located on the border of three other provinces i.e. Free State, North West and Mpumalanga Provinces. Midvaal LM is bordered by two provinces, namely the Mpumalanga Province to the east and the Free State Province to the south. The study area is bordered by the Vaal River in the west and by agricultural land and holdings to the north, east and south.

Figure 1: Locality of the Study Area

1.1.2 Geology and Soils

The following information was retrieved from the Amended Environmental Management Programme compiled by Umhlabu Environmental Consultants CC in terms of Section 39(6) of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002) in 2007. Umhlabu Environmental Consultants CC cited most of the information from the geological study that was performed by Geo-Consult International (2007).

According to the 1:250 000 geology map of the East Rand (DME, 1986), the study area is underlain by sedimentary and volcanic rock and aeolian sand of the Quaternary Age (refer to Figure 2). Geo-Consult International (2007), indicates that it is assumed that sand is present in the form of depressions formed by paleo drainage of the Vaal River and the thickness of the sand is controlled by the paleo footwall topography. Footwall lithologies consist of course sand, gravel and clay. Coal deposits in the Vryheid formation are also present underneath the study area as well as in the wider area and currently mined by New Vaal Colliery operated by Anglo American.

Figure 2: Site Geology (DME, 1986)

Soil samples were taken from the existing pits and from auger holes. The test results indicated that sand occurs in two layers (Geo-Consult International, 2007). The upper layer is approximately 3.7m thick on average and the lower layer has a maximum depth of 7.5m but is on average 4.3m thick. Both layers consist of fine to medium grained, well sorted, unconsolidated sand. A clay layer lies between the two sand layers. The clay has a grey colour, is frequently mottled, approximately 2m thick on average and has variable clay concentrations ranging between 10 and 90%.

A variety of soils occur on the study area and the depth typically ranges between 100 and 200mm. All soil types occurring on the study area have a relatively high erodibility index. The general soil description of the area was obtained from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). The soil description was obtained for the quarter degree square 2628CA. However, only the northern section of the study area is located within quarter degree square 2628CA. The Agricultural Geo-reference Information System (AGIS) broadly classified the general soil on the study area as CA. Also refer to Figure 3 for a photograph of the soils on the study area, demonstrating the appearance of the soil.

Figure 3: Photograph demonstrating the appearance of soil occurring on the study area

The soils occurring on the northern portion (new mining area) of the mining area (ARC, 2007) are defined as:

dCv21: Deep (1200+mm); yellow-brown apedal loamy sand / sand; mesotrophic on hard plinthite. dDu10: Deep (1200+mm); brown grey structureless stratified loamy sand / sand; non-calcareous. dOa34: Deep (1200+mm); brownish-grey alluvial sandy loam; weak blocky structure; non-calcareous. mAv21: Moderately deep (600-1200 mm); yellow brown apedal sand /loamy sand; mesotrophic on soft plinthite.

The erodibility index of these soils is described as being high, with a sediment yield of 6 000 to 7 000 t/a (Midgley et al., 1994b). In contrast to this, Geo-Consult (2007) states that topsoil is in fact poorly developed and sandy, with minor organic material (usually 10 to 20cm thick). Within the drainage and wetland regions, a thicker clay and organic rich overburden layer exists (sampled to a thickness of 1.5m in one area, and 1.7m in another area). This seems to correspond more closely with the information provided by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC, 2007). However, the assessment of the condition of soils on the study area as determined by Geo-Consult International, 2007 is probably more accurate.

According to the Gauteng Agricultural Potential Atlas (GAPA), the agricultural potential of the sites is Medium (GDACE, 2004b, and AGIS, 2007). According to AGIS (2007), the grazing potential is 5 to 10 heads of cattle per hectare. Despite the poorly developed topsoil over most of the mining area, the land is used for maize farming and grazing. This tends to support the determination that the site has a Medium agricultural potential. The landowner originally bought the property for farming purposes, however due to the poor quality of soils, farming activities was not economically viable. It was due to this reason that the previous landowner decided to mine and farm the property simultaneously.

1.1.3 Topography

The topography of a particular area will determine the following factors:

 Flow of surface and groundwater;  Depth of soils and the potential for soil erosion, dependent on the slope of the study area;  Type of land use;  Aesthetic appearance of the area; and  Climatic factors such as wind speeds and direction (which might be influenced by the topography of an area).

Changes in the topography caused by the mining activities could therefore alter all of the above-mentioned aspects of the environment. Project-related activities have the potential to alter the topography of the site through the establishment of both temporary and permanent infrastructure.

The topography of the study area is relatively flat with a gentle slope to the west towards the Vaal River. There is a 20m slope towards the Vaal River over a distance of greater than 2km.

1.1.4 Hydrology

According to the Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) (Golder, 2014), the study area is located within the quaternary catchment C22F, which forms part of the primary drainage region of the Vaal Catchment Area (refer to Figure 4). The surface area of the quaternary catchment is approximately 440km2 and the Mean Annual Run-off (MAR) approximately 10 700 000 m3. Comparing the size of the sand mine to the quaternary catchment, it can be concluded that the mine has the potential to impact on approximately 3% of the quaternary catchment. This may reduce the MAR for the catchment by approximately 320 000 m3/a. However, the actual value will depend on the quantity of water contained onsite and the area impacted by mining at any one time (Golder, 2014).

Figure 4: Quaternary catchment of the Study Area

1.1.5 Surface Water

The following information was obtained from the Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) (Golder, 2014).

The Vaal River flows from the south, past the western side of the mining area (Golder, 2014). The northern portion of the sand mine area generally slopes in a south-westerly direction towards the Vaal River whilst the southern portion generally slopes in a north-westerly direction towards the Vaal River. Two small non-perennial streams cross the property from east to west towards the Vaal River. Water draining from the sand mine area will drain towards these streams and towards the Vaal River (Golder, 2014).

The results of the surface water quality testing conducted by Golder, 2014 showed that the water quality upstream and downstream of the study area is well within the acceptable management target, except for suspended solids and Coliforms. The results also demonstrated that the current mining activities do not impact on the quality of the Vaal River.

The Vaal River system has been classified in accordance with the Water Resource Classification System (WRCS). Classification of water resources aims to ensure that a balance is reached between the need to protect and sustain water resources on one hand and the need to develop and use them on the other. The ultimate goal of the study is the implementation of the WRCS which has as its final product the selection of one of three Management Classes (MCs). The purpose of the MC is to establish clear goals relating to the quantity and quality of the relevant water resource, and conversely, the degree to which it can be utilised by considering the economic, social and ecological goals from an integrated water resource management (IWRM) perspective.

The management Classes are described as follows:

Class I: the water resource is one which is minimally used and the overall condition of that water resource is minimally altered from its pre-development condition; Class II: the water resource is one which is moderately used and the overall condition of that water resource is moderately altered from its pre-development condition; and Class III: the water resource is one which is heavily used and the overall condition of that water resource is significantly altered from its pre-development condition.

The Vaal River that stretches from the Vaal Dam to quaternary catchment C23L, north-west of the study area, has been classified as a Class III river. The Present Ecological State (PES) of the river is a C and the Recommended Ecological Category (REC) is a B/C (refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7).

Wetlands

A wetland specialist study was conducted by Wetland Consulting Services (WCS) in 2009 (WCS, 2010), which was updated in 2014 (WCS, 2014). Refer to Figure 5 for the distribution of wetlands and the types occurring on the study area.

The wetlands delineation and assessment indicated that wetlands occupy approximately 56% of the study area, mostly associated with perched water associated with deep sands, as well as pans and systems linked to anthropogenic activities for example sewerage treatment. The study area is characterised by large seepage zones which are recharged from an upslope direction in the form of subsurface flow. Surface water is received as runoff from the road upslope of the site and through culverts underneath the road. The wetlands tend to be channelled where flows have been confined through culverts. Most of the terrestrial areas and particularly the central portion of the site have small isolated patches of wetness in shallow depressions.

Whilst some of the wetlands are regarded as valuable in terms of the regulatory and supporting functions potentially being supplied by them and in terms of biodiversity support, the assessment of the wetlands revealed that some of these wetlands are not supporting biodiversity of value. Therefore, if appropriate mitigation and the recommendations made in this report are adhered to, they can be mined in a way that will not impact on the functions which are perceived to be supplied by these wetlands. Functions include: flood attenuation, stream flow regulation, water quality enhancement benefits and carbon storage.

In terms of Hydro-Geomorphic (HGM) settings, four types of natural wetlands and one artificial system (dam) were observed, delineated and assessed namely:

 Hillslope seepage wetland systems  Channel valley bottom wetland systems  Un-channelled valley bottom wetland systems  Floodplain  Dam

Channelled and un-channelled valley bottom systems were clustered in valley bottom systems. Table 1 below indicate the different types of wetlands and watercourses observed on the study area and their ecological integrities.

Table 1: Extend and distribution of wetlands and watercourses and their ecological integrities (WCS, 2014)

Figure 5 below indicates the location of different wetland types and watercourses observed on the study area, and Figure 6 and Figure 7 indicate the ecological integrities thereof. Figure 8 shows the mining plan in relation to the wetlands occurring on the study area. According to Kleynhans, 1999, the following description can be prescribed to the different categories of ecological integrities:

Present Ecological Status:

 Category A: Unmodified, or approximates natural condition.  Category B: Largely natural with few modifications, but with some loss of natural habitats.  Category C: Moderately modified, but with some loss of natural habitats.  Category D: Largely modified. A large loss of natural habitats and basic ecosystem functions has occurred.  Category E: Seriously modified. The losses of natural habitats and basic ecosystem functions are extensive.  Category F: Critically modified. Modifications have reached a critical level and the system has been modified completely with an almost complete loss of natural habitat.

Ecological Importance and Sensitivity:

 Category A: Floodplains that are considered ecologically important and sensitive on a national or even international level. The biodiversity of these floodplains is usually very sensitive to flow and habitat modifications. They play a major role in moderating the quantity and quality of water of major rivers.

 Category B: Floodplains that are considered to be ecologically important and sensitive. The biodiversity of these floodplains may be sensitive to flow and habitat modifications. They play a role in moderating the quantity and quality of water of major rivers.  Category C: Floodplains that are considered to be ecologically important and sensitive on a provincial or local scale. The biodiversity of these floodplains is not usually sensitive to flow and habitat modifications. They play a small role in moderating the quantity and quality of water of major rivers.  Category D: Floodplains that are not ecologically important and sensitive at any scale. The biodiversity of these floodplains is ubiquitous and not sensitive to flow and habitat modifications. They play an insignificant role in moderating the quantity and quality of water of major rivers.

Figure 5: Wetland and watercourse distribution and types on the study area

Figure 6: Map indicating the PES of the wetland and watercourses recorded on the study area

Figure 7: Map indicating the Ecological Importance and Sensitivity (EIS) of the wetlands and watercourses

Figure 8: Map indicating the mining plan in relation to wetland areas delineated on site

The wetlands occurring on the study area are considered important in terms of the provision of indirect benefits, primarily regulatory and supporting benefits and biodiversity maintenance.

1.1.6 Groundwater

The following information was obtained from the Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) (Golder, 2014) for the study area.

Hydrogeology

On the basis of open type (primary or secondary), lithostratigraphy, physiography and climate, South Africa has been divided into 64 hydrological regions (Vegter, 2001). Based on this classification, the study area is located within the Central Highveld groundwater region. This region consists mainly of secondary water-bearing formations, with the water-bearing rock being predominantly composite in nature. In secondary water-bearing formations, the movement of water through the rock is via secondary openings that have originated from processes that affect rocks after they were formed, such as tectonic deformation, weathering and unloading through degradation of the land surface. These secondary openings are planar and were formed along joints, cleavage, bedding and fault planes.

The occurrence and availability of groundwater at any point is determined by:

 Storage and transmissive properties of the geological formation;  Rate of groundwater movement to discharge points;  Rate of groundwater discharge as springs, effluent seepage in steams; and  Loss through evapo-transpiration.

The mean depth to the water table in the region of the study area is 10 to 20m below surface (standard deviation of 15m to 25m). However, according to the Department of Water and Sanitation database, there are 255 boreholes located within 10km of the study area. The depth to the water table in these boreholes varies from 7m to 154m below surface, with an average depth of 45m. However, in practice, through historic mining it is apparent that the water table has been intercepted at between 2 – 6m depending on the seasons. The clay layer between the two sand layers provides an indication of the level of the groundwater, and the thickness of the clay layer provides an indication of the fluctuation of the groundwater table between seasons. The clay layer is located between 4 – 6m below the surface, which is consistent with when the mine currently encounters groundwater.

Hydro-census

A hydro-census was undertaken in the general area to identify groundwater users, to establish their dependence on the local groundwater resource and to evaluate the importance of the aquifer/s as a future source of water supply. Fifteen boreholes were identified and 5 were sampled. The hydro-census boreholes are listed in Table 9 of the IWWMP, Golder, 2014, attached in Annexure 1.1 of this report. Groundwater samples were collected during the hydrocensus in 2010, by means of a

submersible pump or using a sterile Teflon bailer. Samples were submitted to DD Science, which is a SANAS accredited laboratory. Overall, except for elevated levels of nitrate in boreholes VG6, VG 10 and VG 14, based on the parameters measured, the groundwater quality was within the SANS 241: 2011 standards. Considering the location of the three boreholes with elevated nitrate, it may be due to the dairy farming activities. The levels however are unlikely to cause any serious health impacts in adults. If consumed by infants, methaemoglobinaemia (blue baby syndrome) may be experienced.

Potential pollution sources on the study area include:

 Sewerage (septic tanks, French drains and chemical toilets);  Sumps associated with workshops;  Workshops and wash facilities;  Weathering of exposed geology;  Spillages and breakdowns;  Spillage from fuel handling;  Haul roads; and  Fugitives dust sources.

These sources could lead to impacts on water quality by causing elevated levels of nitrates, faecal Coliforms, hydrocarbons, suspended solids and turbidity.

Groundwater model

Since a sand mining operation is classified as a Category C mine which is a mine with a low risk, no groundwater model has been developed.

1.1.7 Climate

The following information was obtained from the Environmental Management Programme compiled by Umhlabu Environmental Consultants CC, 2007, which in turn sourced information from the South African Weather Service (SAWS).

Climate can influence the potential for environmental impacts and related mine design. Specific issues are listed below:

 Rainfall could cause erosion of areas cleared of vegetation and temporary secondary roads, which influences evaporation, vegetation growth, rehabilitation planning, dust suppression, and surface water management planning;  Temperature could influence air dispersion through impacts on atmospheric stability and mixing layers, vegetation growth, and evaporation which could influence rehabilitation planning; and  Wind could influence erosion, the dispersion of potential atmospheric pollutants, and rehabilitation planning.

To understand the basis of these potential impacts, a brief baseline situational analysis is described below.

The study area falls within the Central Interior Climate Area. The position and altitude, on top of the plateau of the

subcontinent’s central interior, influence rainfall and temperatures. The Highveld climate is typical of the area, with warm to hot summers (October - March) and cool but generally cloudless winter days and cloudless, cold winter nights. Light frost is common and snow is rare.

The nearest weather monitoring station is located in Vereeniging, where rainfall and temperature data are recorded, is located within a 15km radius of the site. As there are no major topographical barriers between the study area and the weather station, the long-term weather data recorded at this station is considered representative of the climatic conditions experienced on the study area.

Mean Monthly, Maximum and Minimum Temperatures

Based on the available data, the average maximum, minimum and mean monthly temperatures show a seasonal trend, with the highest temperatures experienced during “summer” (December to February) and lowest temperatures during “winter” (June to August) (refer to Figure 9 ).

Figure 9: Average maximum and minimum temperatures for Vereeniging weather station for the period 1961 to 1990

Based on the long-term average rainfall data recorded for the Vereeniging rainfall station (1961 to 1990), the region is characterised by summer rainfall, with approximately 82% of the annual rainfall occurring between October and March (refer to Figure 10). Very little rainfall is experienced in winter (June to August), where less than 10mm per month is recorded.

Figure 10: Average monthly rainfall and number of rain days for SAWS Vereeniging weather station for the period 1961 to 1990 Evaporation

Evaporation data has been obtained from Water Research Commission (WRC) publications, i.e. Midgley et al. (1994a, Midgely et al. 1994b). The extrapolated annual evaporation for the proposed study area is between 1,650mm per annum (Midgley et al., 1994b). Evaporation rates recorded for the Vaal Dam station (refer to Table 2) follow a similar fluctuation to the temperature patterns, with the highest evaporation rates being recorded between September and March when maximum daily temperatures exceed 24°C. As is typical in South Africa, the monthly evaporation rates exceed the monthly rainfall figures, with the magnitude of the excess varying with climatic conditions, such as temperature and wind.

Table 2: Comparison of rainfall and evaporation data for the Vaal Dam evaporation station for the period 1938 - 1979 Month Rainfall (mm) Evaporation (mm) Deficit (mm) October 65.5 186.5 -121 November 93.1 173.1 -80 December 98.9 176.6 -77.7 January 108.1 145.4 -37.3 February 80.2 145.4 -65.2 March 74.9 142.7 -67.8 April 44.2 114.8 -70.6 May 18.8 99.3 -80.5 June 7.7 79.9 -72.2 July 7.4 88.8 -81.4 August 8.2 120.6 -112.4

Month Rainfall (mm) Evaporation (mm) Deficit (mm) September 22.5 155.9 -133.4

Monthly Mean Wind Direction and Speed

Annual average and monthly average wind roses have been generated using hourly wind speeds recorded at the SAWS station in Vereeniging, between 1993 and 2006. The wind roses represented below indicate the wind frequencies for the 16 key wind directions. The frequency of occurrence of winds within each direction is indicated by the length of the shaft compared with the dotted circles, representing a 5% frequency of occurrence. The wind speed classes are presented in Table 3 below. These illustrate the frequencies of occurrence of winds in each category, for each wind direction. The frequency of calm periods, wind speeds below 1m/s, are indicated as a percentage value in the centre of each wind rose.

Table 3: Wind speed classification in meter per second

Figure 11: Annual average wind rose recorded for the SAWS station at Vereeniging, for the period 1993 to 2006 The predominant wind direction for this region, occurring for most of the year, arises from a north-north-westerly direction. Prominent winds from the north to north-westerly directions, occur most commonly between April and December. Secondary less frequent components arises from a north-easterly direction, recording winds for more than 5% of the year. The strong gusts (>8.7m/s) recorded for this station are most frequently associated with winds from the prominent direction. On average, calm periods are recorded as occurring 9.6% of the year.

The monthly average wind roses recorded at the Vereeniging weather station are presented below. During a year, the frequency

of north-westerly winds remains dominant. From April, there is an increase in wind speed from all directions, with the strongest winds occurring between May and November and originating from the north-westerly quadrants.

July 1993 – 2006 August 1993 - 2006

Figure 12: Monthly average wind rose recorded for the SAWS station at Vereeniging, for the period 1993 to 2006

1.1.8 Biodiversity

Biodiversity forms one of the most crucial environmental considerations of a development and it is used to formulate decisions pertaining to activities with significant environmental impacts. The inclusion of biodiversity in decision making has been aimed to bridge the gap between economic development and land destruction, thus mitigating the environmental effects these developments may pose while still maintaining a functioning biodiversity. Therefore, as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guidelines it is important to assess the potential impact of these proposed activities as they can impact directly or indirectly on the receiving environment. In general, biodiversity represents the variety of species within a specified ecosystem and can thus be used to assess the ecosystem health.

Wetland Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd (WCS) conducted a Wetland Specialist Study (WCS, 2014) and sourced Avifaunal (WCS, 2009) Vegetation (Hoare, 2009) and Reptile and Amphibian specialist studies (Galago, 2009) for the study area (including the area of existing operations and the area of the proposed operations. The following information was derived from these studies.

Findings indicated that disturbances are mainly due to historical agricultural activities consisting of irrigation and cultivation, the presence of centre pivots and contour ploughing confirmed this assumption. A large extent of the southern portion of the study area is planted with Eragrostis spp. for fodder. Drainage canals and trenches are scattered across the site and these were mainly to drain saturated areas to maximise cultivation and arable areas for agricultural production. Beside agricultural and fallow lands, sand mining operations are evident and fairly extensive.

The reptile and amphibian studies did not identify any areas of sensitivity. The vegetation study within both current and prospected areas indicated a variety of sensitive areas. This is primarily due to the presence of valuable natural grassland and these were clustered as irreplaceable in terms of conservation plans at the time of survey. There were additional areas identified as sensitive, where populations of Orange List plant species occurred or where Red/ Orange list species had a high likelihood of occurring, and wetlands with secondary vegetation cover have also been classified as sensitive. There were several areas identified and mapped in terms of suitable habitat for avifaunal species and these included suitable wetland habitat for Red List

bird species, which were marked as sensitive areas. The Phoenicopterus ruber (Greater Flamingo) was observed on the study area and the following Red Data species were considered likely to occur: Phoenicopterus minor (Lesser Flamingo), Tyto Capensis (African Grass-Owl) and Glareola nordmanni (Black-winged Pratincole).

The wetlands delineation and assessment indicated that wetlands occupy approximately 56% of the study area, mostly associated with perched water associated with deep sands, as well as pans and systems linked to anthropogenic activities for example sewerage treatment. The site is characterised by large seepage zones which are recharged from an upslope direction in the form of subsurface flow. Surface water is received as runoff from the road upslope of the site and through the culverts underneath the road. The wetlands tend to be channelled where flows have been confined through culverts. Most of the terrestrial areas and particularly the central portion of the site have small isolated patches of wetness wherever there are shallow depressions.

Whilst some of the wetlands on the site are regarded as valuable in terms of the regulatory and supporting benefits potentially being supplied by them and in terms of biodiversity support, the assessment of the wetlands revealed that some of these wetlands are not supporting biodiversity of value. Therefore, if appropriate mitigation and the recommendations made in this report are adhered to they can be mined in a way that will not impact on the functions which are perceived to be supplied by these wetlands. Functions include: flood attenuation, stream flow regulation, water quality enhancement benefits and carbon storage.

In terms of Hydro-Geomorphic (HGM) settings four types of natural wetlands were observed and one artificial system (dam), delineated and assessed on the study area namely:

 Hillslope seepage wetland systems  Channel valley bottom wetland systems  Un-channelled valley bottom wetland systems  Floodplain  Dam

Also refer to Section 1.1.5 for a more detailed description as well as Figure 5 indicating the location of wetland types observed on the study area.

1.1.9 Flora

There are three general descriptions of the vegetation of South Africa. These are useful for evaluating the vegetation of a specific site, since they provide contextual species compositional information that can be used to evaluate the status of the vegetation on site. According to the ‘Vegetation Map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland’ (Low & Rebelo 1998), the study area is situated within the Vegetation Type classified as Moist Cool Highveld Grassland, which forms part of the Grassland Biome (Rutherford & Westfall, 1994). Acocks (1953) classified this area as Cymbopogon-Themeda Veld. The most recent vegetation map for South Africa (Mucina et al., 2005), classifies this area as Central Free State Grassland. As stated by Low & Rebelo in 1998, Moist Cool Highveld Grassland covered an area of approximately 48 959 km2 within South Africa, of which

approximately 72% had been transformed and 0.3% of which was conserved (Low & Rebelo 1998). The transformation within this Vegetation Type was found to be mainly attributable to cultivation and remaining areas degraded by widespread overgrazing (Low & Rebelo 1998). The most important conservation areas that contain examples of this vegetation type are Bronkhorstspruit Dam, Vaal Dam, Rustfontein Dam, Willem Pretorius and Koppies Dam Nature Reserves. According to Acocks (1988), there are two variations of Cymbopogon-Themeda Veld, a northern and a southern variation. The northern variation occurs on the Highveld and represents the study area, represented by sparse and tufted grassland occurring in areas with an elevation of 300 to 1500 m above sea level, summer rainfall and frosty winters (Acocks 1988). Important species of this vegetation type include inter alia the grasses Setaria sphacelata var. torta, Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus, Eragrostis racemosa, Eragrostis chloromelas, Elionurus muticus, Cymbopogon plurinodis, Brachiaria serrata and Eragrostis obtusa, as well as a variety of forbs, including Vernonia oligocephala, Scabiosa columbaria, Ziziphus zeyheriana, Helichrysum rugulosum, Anthospermum pumilum subsp. rigidum, Felicia filifolia.

The conservation status of the Central Free State Grassland vegetation type is Vulnerable (Driver et al. 2005, Mucina et al. 2006), and whilst the conservation target is 24%, only a small extent is currently protected (0.8%) and 23% is considered to be transformed, mostly by cultivation, urbanisation, roads, building of dams and mining (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006). Central Free State Grassland is described as occurring in undulating plains (Mucina et al., 2006). It is a short grassland dominated by Themeda triandra. The grasses Eragrostis curvula and Eragrostis chloromelas become dominant in degraded habitats along with dwarf karoo bushes. This grassland is characterised by the presence of the grass species, Aristida adscensionis, Aristida congesta, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis chloromelas, Eragrostis curvula, Eragrostis plana, Panicum coloratum, Setaria sphacelata, Themeda triandra and Tragus koelerioides, along with Agrostis lachnantha, Andropogon appendiculatus, Aristida bipartita, Aristida canescens, Cymbopogon pospischilii, Cynodon transvaalensis, Digitaria argyrograpta, Elionurus muticus, Eragrostis lehmanniana, Eragrostis micrantha, Eragrostis obtusa, Eragrostis racemosa, Eragrostis trichophora, Heteropogon contortus, Michrochloa caffra, Setaria incrassata and Sporobolus discosporus, the herbs, Berkheya onopordifolia, Chamaesyce inaequilatera, Conyza pinnata, Crabbea acaulis, Geigeria aspera, Hermannia depressa, Hibiscus pusillus, Pseudognaphalium luteo-album, Salvia stenophylla, Selago densiflora, Sonchus dregeanus, Oxalis depressa, Raphionacme dyeri, Tripteris aguillana, Felicia muricata, Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum, Helichrysum dregeanum, Melolobium candicans and Pentzia globosa.

Land cover on the study area consists primarily of previously cultivated areas and sand mining activities, as well as secondary grassland, disturbed areas and roads crossing the study area. It adds up to slightly less than 2000 ha, of which 72% of the study area consists of cultivated or previously cultivated areas upon which secondary vegetation has developed. Nearly 24% of the study area is still natural.

Transformed areas

Recently cultivated areas occur in the south and in the north to north-west of the study area. Large portions of the study area that were previously cultivated are now covered with secondary vegetation, consisting mostly of grassland. The principle current and future activity transforming natural habitats on the study area is sand mining. Secondary infrastructure includes buildings, roads and infrastructure associated with previous farming and current mining of the site. This infrastructure is currently centred

on the eastern boundary of the site. Alien trees such as poplar, pine and wattle species have transformed only a small portion of study area. A number of alien species are also scattered throughout the study area, mostly within the riparian area.

The transformed areas contain no natural vegetation and are, therefore, classified as having low sensitivity. The rehabilitation potential is moderately high where there are aliens and where cultivation has occurred, but is lower in mined areas due to the extreme disturbance of the substrate.

Secondary and disturbed vegetation

The secondary grassland areas (refer to Figure 13) are dominated by perennial grasses. In comparison to natural grasslands, the secondary grassland has similar species composition of dominant species, but is lacking a whole suite of species that occur in primary grasslands. The most dominant species is the grass, Eragrostis curvula, accompanied by the dwarf shrubs Stoebe vulgaris and Pollichia campestris. There is higher cover of some species, such as Walafrida densiflora, than in primary grasslands and there are also some weeds that occur in secondary grasslands, such as Tagetes minuta. Areas adjacent to cultivated lands which may have primary grassland, but have been heavily disturbed by adjacent activities, have similar species composition to secondary grassland. They were only distinguished on the basis of patterns on aerial photographs; cultivated areas have characteristic patterns and uniform vegetation cover, whereas disturbed areas tend to be irregular.

There are wetland areas that were also previously cultivated and have been mapped as secondary wetlands (refer to Figure 13). These have also developed a secondary vegetation cover, but with a species composition more characteristic of wetland areas. A common species in these areas is the sedge, Kyllinga erecta. The secondary grassland and disturbed grassland have poor species composition and have a low likelihood of supporting populations of Red or Orange List plant species. They are, therefore, classified as having low sensitivity. The secondary wetlands are, however, classified as having high sensitivity due to the hydrological processes that they support.

Terrestrial vegetation

The natural vegetation on the study area prior to disturbance caused by anthropogenic activities was grassland. There are some remnant areas of natural grassland remaining on the study area. These are found around the main infrastructure and the pan to the north of the main infrastructure, as well as on the floodplain of the Vaal River and in a small area in the southern part of the study area (refer to Figure 13).

Figure 13: Terrestrial vegetation units occurring on the study area The grassland along the floodplain adjacent to the Vaal River has probably not been disturbed for a very long time as good perennial grass composition occurs here. The grasslands around the large pan have probably not been utilised for cultivation, as this area has very high local species richness in the grasslands, which may be due to a combination of factors, including the fact that it has not been ploughed and due to the complex hydrology and soils of this area. This area may be considered to be the most valuable in terms of remaining natural vegetation on the study area.

Species composition in the wetlands on the study area depends largely on hydrology. The permanently wet areas are dominated by Typha capensis and Eleocharis dregeanus, whereas seasonal wetlands are dominated by Kyllinga erecta, Andropogon appendiculatus, Imperata cylindrical and Helictotrichon turgidulum. The banks of the Vaal River are characterised by a riparian zone that varies in width, depending on local topographical conditions. Riparian areas are complex in that they contain a combination of terrestrial and wetland elements. Grasslands tend to extend to the riparian zone, although they tend to have different species composition to more terrestrial areas. Woody trees and shrubs are common to dominant in riparian areas. There are, however, a number of wetland species within the riparian zone. Species characteristic of the riparian zone on the study area are Phragmites australis, Eleusine coracana, Searsia pyroides, Rumex species, Berula erecta and Equisetum ramosissima. There are a number of alien trees found in the riparian zone, including Salix babylonica, Quercus rober and Caesalpinia species.

The remaining natural grasslands, wetlands and riparian areas on the study area are all classified as having high sensitivity. This is on the basis of the species composition, ecology, presence and potential presence of Red and Orange List plant species and the Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) conservation plans and policies.

Flora of the study area

Species richness in the vegetation of the study area is high. A total of 202 species were recorded on the study area during the survey, 29 of which are exotic and an additional 11 of which are declared weeds or invader plants. The proportion of naturalised exotic and invader species is moderately high (20%) a reflection of the high levels of disturbance of the local habitat. There is, however, high indigenous richness on site, despite the impacts of cultivation on the natural vegetation. The declared alien invasive species, according to the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004): Alien and Invasive Species List, 2014, are Argemone ochroleuca ssp. ochroleuca, Cirsium vulgare, Datura ferox, Nicotiana glauca and Xanthium strumarium, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Pinus pinaster, Robinia pseudoacacia (declared alien invasive category 1b) and Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (declared alien invasive category 2).

The study area lies in the quarter degree grid cells 2628CA and 2628CC. There are 20 Red or Orange List plant species that have been recorded within the quarter degree grids wherein the study area is located (species are listed in the vegetation specialist study Hoare, 2009). Of these 20 species, five were considered to have a high chance of occurring in the type of habitats available on the study area or in adjacent areas and two species were observed on the study area. Three of the species with a high chance of occurring on site are classified as Near Threatened, one as Rare-Sparse and one as Declining. All of these five species are classified as Orange List species. The site is therefore considered to have habitat suitable for a number of species of conservation concern, albeit in a lower category than the Red List. Eucomis autumnalis subsp. clavata, Gnaphalium nelsonii, gracilis, Kniphofia typhoides and Trachyandra erythrorrhiza could all occur within marsh wetlands, depending on soil conditions. The species observed on the study area, Crinum bulbispermum, occurs in similar habitats, as does Hypoxis hemerocallidea which is often recorded in moist grassland areas adjacent to seasonal wetlands. Both were observed in various locations on the study area. None of the other species were found during the current survey, but the habitat in the wetlands adjacent to the study area does have high suitability for all of them. According to the GDARD Threatened Species Policy, there are three basic rules of conservation that apply to populations of Red List Plant Species, as follows:

 All populations of Near Threatened and Threatened plant taxa must be conserved in situ;  All populations of Near Threatened and Threatened plant taxa must be protected with a buffer zone in accordance with guidelines as set out in the Policy; and  An Ecological Management Plan must be compiled in respect of all actions that affect populations of Red List Plant Species, and such Ecological Management Plans must conform to the Guidelines.

Should any Red List plant species be recorded on site then these guidelines would apply.

Conclusion

The various wetlands, riparian zone adjacent to the Vaal River and some small areas of remaining natural grassland are all classified according to GDARD policies and national legislation as sensitive (refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15). According to GDARD Policy, predetermined buffer zones are required for sensitive areas and are not to be developed. Suitable habitats (wetlands and pans) for seven Orange List plant species, of which two were observed, occur on the study area. Some of them are fairly conspicuous plants that would have been easily observed if they occurred there, but three species are inconspicuous and would need to be in flower to be easily seen. The current survey was undertaken during the flowering season of all except one of these and it may be necessary to undertake a follow-up survey to confirm whether the last species occurs there or not. The pan and the area surrounding the pan is the most significant sensitive area occurring on the study area and is designated as “Irreplaceable” by the GDARD Conservation Plan (C-Plan) (refer to Figure 14). This area contains natural grassland and has high indigenous grassland species richness. Observations on site indicate that most of the surrounding vegetation is hygrophilous grassland, which may be classified as wetland. The pan and surrounding grassland have a high probability of containing populations of Orange List plant species.

Figure 14: GDARD Conservation Plan sensitive features on site

Figure 15: Sensitive features on site (GDARD Conservation Plan)

1.1.10 Fauna

Mammals

Due to the past agricultural activities and the adjacent mining operation very few mammals are encountered on the study area. Occasionally Steenbok and Grey Duiker are seen.

Avifauna

There were several areas identified and mapped in terms of suitable habitat for avifauna species and these included suitable wetland habitat for Red List bird species, which were marked as sensitive areas (refer to Figure 7). Phoenicopterus ruber (Greater Flamingo) was observed on the study area and the following Red Data species were considered likely to occur: Phoenicopterus minor (Lesser Flamingo), Tyto Capensis (African Grass-Owl) and Glareola nordmanni (Black-winged Pratincole).

Reptiles and amphibians

The Reptile and Amphibian Studies did not identify any areas of sensitivity. The monotonous habitat occurring on the study area

would not support extensive species diversity, probably mainly terrestrial forms with a few fossorial species. Only a few termitaria were observed on undisturbed ground, which provide near-ideal retreats for small animals. Apart from some water frogs in the pan and the pools in the borrow pits, most amphibian species possibly occurring on the study area would require only temporary breeding pools and a sandy dispersal area. This allows them to bury themselves, thus avoiding dehydration during the day, but this is potentially hazardous as earth moving and ploughing may expose and kill them.

1.1.11 Socio-Economic Profile

The study area is located within Ward 1 of the Midvaal Local Municipality which forms part of the Sedibeng District Municipality in the Gauteng Province.

Gauteng Province is the smallest of all nine provinces covering an area of 18 178km² or approximately 1.4% of the total surface area of South Africa (Local Government, 2015), but the most populous, consisting of a population of 12 272 263 people (Census, 2011). Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and is rapidly growing, due to mass urbanisation (a feature of many developing countries. The most important sectors contributing to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) percentage are finance, real estate and business services; manufacturing; and general government services. Gauteng is divided into three metropolitan municipalities, the City of Johannesburg, the City of Tshwane and Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipalities, as well as two district municipalities, West Rand and Sedibeng District Municipalities, which are further subdivided into seven local municipalities (Local Government, 2015).

Sedibeng District Municipality comprises the Emfuleni, Lesedi and Midvaal Local Municipalities and covers an area of approximately 4 173km². The municipality is situated in the South of the Gauteng Province and located on the border of three other provinces, namely Free State, North West and Mpumalanga. A significant portion of land in Sedibeng is available for residential and commercial development and therefore, the municipality has the potential for growth and development. The municipality include the towns of Vereeniging, Vanderbijlpark, Meyerton and Heidelberg, as well as the historic townships of Evaton, Sebokeng, Boipatong, Bophelong, Sharpeville and Ratanda, which have a rich political history and heritage. The main economic sector in the district is the manufacturing of fabricated metal and chemicals. In the metal sector, the Arcelor-Mittal Steel plant, the Cape Gate Davsteel Wire and Steel plant, and the Ferromanganese plant of Samancor are the three main large baseline plants in the district, whilst DCD Dorbyl Heavy Engineering is the biggest manufacturer of engineered products in Southern Africa. The main Economic Sectors: Manufacturing (30.8%), government (17.8%), business services (17.8%), trade (13.7%) (Local Government, 2015).

The Midvaal Local Municipality covers an area of approximately 1 722km² and is bordered by two provinces, namely the Mpumalanga Province to the east and the Free State Province to the south. Midvaal Local Municipality consists of 10 Wards (Local Government, 2015). Midvaal consists mainly of rural areas, with extensive farming constituting approximately 50% of the total area. There are two significant natural features impacting on layout of development, namely the Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve and the Vaal River. Secondary natural features which play a significant role in the development layout within the municipality are the Klip River, Suikerbosrand River and the Vaal Dam. Towns occurring within the municipality are De Deur/Walkerville, Eikenhof, Meyerton and Vaal Marina. The main economic sectors include manufacturing (25.1%), community

services (22.5%), finance (20.4%), trade (11.4%), transport (6.1%), electricity (5.7%), construction (5.7%) and agriculture (2.6%), Local Government (2015).

 The municipality have a population of 95 301 (55.33 per km²) and 29 965 (17.40 per km²) households.  The population density within the vicinity of the mine varies from 0 to 113 persons per km2.  The most dominant population group in Ward 1 are Black Africans (approximately 71% of the population). Between 1996 and 2001, the population density in Ward 1 increased by 10%.  Within Ward 1, 19% of the population has no schooling, while 25% have attended primary school and 6% have completed primary school.  The level of education within an area contributes to the levels of unemployment within the area, as it is more difficult for uneducated persons to find employment. Given that only 49% of the population have either attended secondary school, graduated from grade 12 or completed tertiary studies, it is encouraging to see that 74% of the population within Ward 1 is employed.  Between 1996 and 2001, there was an increase in employment in most industries.  The majority of the housing in the Ward 1 is formal housing. The percentage of formal houses in Ward 1 has increased since 1996, from 76% to 81%. However, the number of informal houses has also increased since 1996, from 6% to 14%.  Between 1996 and 2001 the number of households who have access to water inside their yard increased from 32% to 54%, but the percentage of households who have access to water within their dwelling has decreased from 32% to 22%).  The number of households that have flush toilets decreased between 1996 and 2001 from 43% to 35%). There has been an increase in the number of households without any sanitation from 1.5 to 5.6 %. Since 1996 there has been an increase in the number of households that use electricity as a source of lighting from 48 to 57%.  The percentage of households whose refuse is removed by the municipality on a weekly basis remained constant since 1996 at about 9%.  In 2001 more than 90% of households had access to telephones.

Table 4: Demographic profile of Midvaal Local Municipality (Source: Census, 2011)

1.1.12 Visual Quality

It is important to bear in mind that determining a visual resource in absolute terms is not achievable. Evaluating a landscape’s visual quality is both complex and problematic, as many quality standards apply and it is largely subjective, with individuals basing evaluations on experiences, their social level and their cultural background.

Furthermore, natural features are inherently variable. Climate, season, atmospheric conditions, region and sub-region all affect the attributes that comprise the landscape. The topography of the study area is relatively flat and therefore the mining operations are visible from a distance. However, the proposed study area is mainly surrounded by agricultural activities and coal mining operations, i.e. New Vaal Colliery (Anglo American), which are not usually considered to be significantly sensitive view sheds. The study area is largely disturbed due to mining and agricultural activities and therefore few additional visual impacts as a result of the extension of the mining area are anticipated.

1.1.13 Heritage Resources

Cultural resources are all non-physical and physical man-made features as well as natural features associated with human activity. These include all sites, structures and artefacts of importance; whether individually or in a group, in the history, architecture and archaeology of human (cultural) development. Graves and cemeteries are included in this.

The significance of the sites, structures and artefacts is determined by means of their historical, social, aesthetic, technological and scientific value in relation to their uniqueness, condition of preservation and research potential. The various aspects are not mutually exclusive, and the evaluation of any site is done with reference to any number of these aspects.

Francois P Coetzee from the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology of the University of South Africa, conducted a Cultural Heritage Survey of the study area in 2009 (Coetzee, 2009).

The area around Vereeniging has an extremely rich and long history and archaeological depth, Coetzee (2009). The town was founded in 1892 mainly due to the mining of coal. Vereeniging played a key role during the South African War (1899 – 1902). Several of the battles took place in the area and a British concentration camp was also erected near the town. The Treaty of Vereeniging was signed here after the war. Several archaeological sites are known in the area (Coetzee, 2009) including:

 Redan Rock Art site consists of approximately 244 panels of engravings;

 Klip River Terrace is a rich Stone Age site situated to the north of Vereeniging and the study area; and

 Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve (some 20 km to the east).

Archaeological Sequence

Stone Age Sequence

Concentrations of Early Stone Age (ESA) sites are usually present on the flood-plains of perennial rivers. These ESA open sites may contain scatters of stone tools and manufacturing debris as well as large concentrated deposits ranging from pebble tool choppers to core tools such as hand axes and cleavers.

Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites also occur on flood plains, but are also associated with caves and rock shelters (overhangs). Sites usually consist of large concentrations of knapped stone flakes such as scrapers, points and blades and associated manufacturing debris. Tools may have been hafted but organic materials, such as those used in hafting, seldom preserve.

Sites dating to the Later Stone Age (LSA) are better preserved in rock shelters, although open sites with scatters of mainly stone tools can occur. Well-protected deposits in shelters allow for stable conditions that result in the preservation of organic materials such as wood, bone, hearths, ostrich eggshell beads and even bedding material. By using San (Bushman) ethnographic data, a better understanding of this period is possible. South African rock art is also associated with the LSA.

No Stone Age knapping sites or artefacts were observed on the study area.

Iron Age and Historic Sequences

In the northern regions of South Africa at least three settlement phases have been distinguished for early prehistoric agropastoralist settlements during the Early Iron Age. Diagnostic pottery assemblages can be used to infer group identities and to trace movements across the landscape. The first phase of the Early Iron Age, known as Happy Rest (named after the site where the ceramics were first identified), is representative of the Western Stream of migrations, and dates to AD 400 - AD 600. The second phase of Diamant is dated to AD 600 - AD 900 and was first recognised at the eponymous site of Diamant in the western Waterberg. The third phase, characterised by herringbone-decorated pottery of the Eiland tradition, is regarded as the final expression of the Early Iron Age and occurs over large parts of the North West, Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces. This phase has been dated to about AD 900 - AD 1200. These sites are usually located on low-lying spurs close to water. However, please note that there are no recorded Early Iron Age sites in the Free State, bordering the study area.

The Late Iron Age (LIA) settlements are characterised by stone-walled enclosures situated on defensive hilltops approximately AD 1640 - AD 1830. This occupation phase has been linked to the arrival of ancestral Northern Sotho, Tswana and Southern Ndebele (Nguni–speakers) in the northern and Waterberg regions, and dates from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries AD. The terminal LIA is represented by late 18th/early 19th century settlements with multi-chrome Moloko pottery commonly attributed to the Sotho-Tswana. These settlements can in many instances be correlated with oral traditions on population movements during which African farming communities sought refuge in mountainous regions during the processes of disruption in the northern interior of South Africa, resulting from the so-called difaqane (or mfecane) Late Iron Age stonewalled settlements. No Iron Age settlements, structures, features or artefacts were observed on the study area.

Description of the cultural heritage sites observed on the study area

Several sites of cultural heritage importance were observed on the study area (refer to Figure 16 and Figure 17) for the location of the nine sites observed.

Figure 16: Localities of the culturally important features observed on the study area

Site 1:

The site consists of a graveyard containing a number of graves. The graveyard is severely overgrown and only one headstone was recorded by the specialist. The single grave seems to have a north-south orientation. Most of the graves seem to be packed stones and unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) (NHRA).

Site 2:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 17 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed stones, but cement bases and headstones were also observed. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions are dated to the mid-1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA.

Site 3:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 7 graves. The graves are encased in cement bases. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. The graves with inscriptions date to the early 1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA.

Figure 17: Detailed location of some of the culturally important features observed on the study area

Site 4:

The site consists of a historic multi-room brick house (approximately 10 x 10m) with a corrugated iron roof. Various alterations have been made to the house including the replacement of window frames and an addition at the back. The house also has a large frontal veranda. One original window frame and the wooden front door remain, which give an indication that the house probably dates to the 1930s and 1940s. A large midden was also observed at the back of the house which seems to contain pieces of glass, whiteware, iron pieces and metal wire. It is also possible that the house can be associated with Site 3 (graveyard) which is situated some 50 metres to the east. The structure is probably older than 60 years and is therefore protected by the NHRA.

Site 5:

The site consists of a multi-room brick house of 4 x 8m, with a corrugated cement roof. Although this structure is situated adjacent to Site 3 and 4 it is probably a later addition to the yard. As such it is probably not older than 60 years. No midden was recorded in association with the house.

Site 6:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 40 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed stones, but cement and granite bases and headstones were also used. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions dated to the mid to late 1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA.

Site 7:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 7 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by granite bases (also bricks and cement) and sandstone headstones. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions date to the early 1900s. As the graves are older than 60 years they are therefore protected by the NHRA.

Site 8:

The site consists of a tree that was according to oral tradition planted by Harry Oppenheimer in the 1940s or 1950s. As such the tree is part of the intangible heritage of the area due to this association. Harry Oppenheimer and several members of his family have played a key role in the mining industry of South Africa in both this and the previous century. The tree is also probably older than 60 years and is therefore protected by the NHRA.

Site 9:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 51 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed stones, but cement bases and headstones were also used. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions dated to the early to mid-1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA.

Summary of findings of the specialist survey

Iron Age settlements

No Iron Age settlements, structures, features or artefacts were recorded in the survey area.

Rock Art

No rock art was recorded.

Stone Age settlements

No Stone Age knapping sites or artefacts were recorded.

Buildings

One modern house was recorded that is not older than 60 years. One historic house was recorded featuring wooden frames and doors. A substantial midden was also recorded in association. The house probably dates to the early 1900s and is therefore older than 60 years and is as such protected by the NHRA.

Cemeteries and Graveyards

Six graveyards were recorded with a total of approximately 122 graves. According to the inscriptions they are mostly dated to the early to mid-1900s. However, most graves are unmarked and because the date is unknown they are by default protected by the NHRA. It is unclear whether they are formal graveyards that were administered by a local authority.

It should be kept in mind that archaeological deposits usually occur below ground level. Should archaeological artefacts or skeletal material be revealed in the area during construction activities, such activities should be halted, and a university or museum notified in order for an investigation and evaluation of the find(s) to take place, NHRA, Section 36 (6)).

1.1.14 Noise and Vibration

Existing noise sources on site and the immediate surrounds include:

 Agricultural activities on surrounding land;  Mining and mining activities at the mining areas to the west of the site and the Vaal River at the Anglo American New Vaal Colliery and at the existing and future sand mining operations on the study area; and  Vehicles servicing the existing mines and farming communities;  Panfontein disposal site and Kanhym feed factory;  Noise from Lethabo power station; and  Noise from shooting range across the Vaal River to the west of the mine.

1.1.15 Air Quality

Air quality in the region is likely to be characterised by periodic and intermittent high particulate concentrations, due to the nature of agricultural and mining activities which take place there. The air quality of any region is controlled by a combination of a number of factors; viz. climate, topography, as well as both natural and anthropogenic activities occurring in the area of interest and in surrounding regions (GDACE, 2004a). The climate and topography of the site have already been discussed in Section 1.1.5 and 1.1.3 respectively (refer to these sections for more detail). The natural and anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of the site (within a 5km radius) that must be considered when evaluating the ambient air quality are as follows:

Table 5: Activities to be considered when evaluating ambient air quality Anthropogenic activities Natural activities  Domestic fuel burning (minimal, due to low  Veld fires population density);  Fugitive dust emissions from agricultural activities (commercial dry-land cultivation);  Emissions from Lethabo Power Station;  Dust and other particulates emitted from the adjacent Anglo Coal Vaal operations; and  Dust and other particulates emitted from the existing sand mining operations on the study area.

Based on the pollution sources in the vicinity (listed above), the site is likely to be characterised by periodic and intermittent high particulate concentrations (followed by high dustfall rates), coinciding with agricultural activities such as ploughing. Particulate concentrations in the vicinity will also increase during the dryer seasons when the occurrence of veld fires increases. Given that this is a rural area, the number of people impacted upon is likely to be minimal.

1.2 Concise description of each of the existing environmental aspects both on the site applied for and in the surrounding area which may require protection or remediation

1.2.1 Geology and Soils

The significant impact of loss of topsoil will occur due to the initial vegetation clearing on the study area and the movement of people and vehicles on bare ground on the site. These areas are highly susceptible to erosion as the lower density of vegetation reduces the energy dissipation effect on water flow. This effect will be more pronounced on slopes, therefore increasing the erosion potential and the amount of sediment carried to the neighbouring waterways.

1.2.2 Watercourses and Wetlands

The Vaal River forms the western border of the study area and a number of sensitive wetlands also occur on the study area. All water courses have a conservation value and are therefore considered to be sensitive and may require protection or remediation. The wetlands occurring on the study area are considered important in terms of the provision of indirect benefits, primarily regulatory and supporting benefits and biodiversity maintenance. However, whilst some of the wetlands observed are regarded as valuable in terms of the regulatory and supporting functions potentially being supplied by them and in terms of biodiversity support, the assessment of the wetlands revealed that some of these wetlands are not supporting biodiversity of value. Therefore, if appropriate mitigation and the recommendations made in this report are adhered to they can be mined in a way that will not impact on the functions which are perceived to be supplied by these wetlands. Functions include: flood attenuation, stream flow regulation, water quality enhancement benefits and carbon storage.

1.2.3 Groundwater

Potential groundwater pollution sources on the study area include:

These sources could lead to impacts on water quality by causing elevated levels of nitrates, faecal Coliforms, hydrocarbons, suspended solids and turbidity.

The mean depth to the water table in the region of the study area is 10 to 20m below surface (standard deviation of 15m to 25m). However, according to the Department of Water and Sanitation database, there are 255 boreholes located within 10km of the study area. The depth to the water table in these boreholes varies from 7m to 154m below surface, with an average depth of 45m. However, in practice, through historic mining it is apparent that the water table has been intercepted at between 2 – 6m depending on the seasons. The clay layer between the two sand layers underneath the study area, provides an indication of the level of the groundwater, and the thickness of the clay layer provides an indication of the fluctuation of the groundwater table between seasons. The clay layer is located between 4 – 6m below the surface, which is consistent with when the mine currently encounters groundwater. Overall, except for elevated levels of nitrate in boreholes VG6, VG 10 and VG 14, based on the parameters measured, the groundwater quality was within the SANS 241: 2011 standards.

1.2.4 Biodiversity and Fauna and Flora

The various wetlands, riparian zone adjacent to the Vaal River and some small areas of remaining natural grassland are all classified according to GDARD policies and national legislation as sensitive (refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15). According to GDARD Policy, predetermined buffer zones are required around sensitive areas and are not to be developed. Suitable habitats (wetlands and pans) for seven Orange List plant species occur on the study area of which two were observed. Some of them are fairly conspicuous plants that would have been easily observed if they occurred there, but three species are inconspicuous and would need to be in flower to be easily seen. The current survey was undertaken during the flowering season of all except one of these and it may be necessary to undertake a follow-up survey to confirm whether the last species occurs there or not. The pan and the area surrounding the pan is the most significant sensitive area occurring on the study area and is designated as “Irreplaceable” by the GDARD Conservation Plan (C-Plan) (refer to Figure 14). This area contains natural grassland and has high indigenous grassland species richness. Observations on site indicate that most of the surrounding vegetation is hygrophilous grassland, which may be classified as wetland. The pan and surrounding grassland have a high probability of

containing populations of Orange List plant species.

1.2.5 Cultural Resources

Buildings

Cemeteries and Graveyards

Six graveyards were recorded with a total of approximately 122 graves. According to the inscriptions they are mostly dated to the early to mid-1900s. However, most graves are unmarked and because the date is unknown they are by default protected by the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999) (Act No. 25 of 1999). It is unclear whether they are formal graveyards that were administered by a local authority.

1.2.6 Air Quality

Due to mining, including sand and coal mining and other industries causing air pollution, occurring in the general area, the air quality of the region is vulnerable and therefore, care should be taken with the additional mining operation activities to reduce the impact on air quality.

1.3 Concise description of the specific land uses, cultural and heritage aspects and infrastructure on the site and neighbouring properties/farms in respect of which the potential exists for the socio-economic conditions of other parties to be affected by the proposed mining operation.

1.3.1 Land use

Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd is an existing open cast sand mine that has been operating since 2003. The study area is already severely disturbed as a result of anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and mining. Agriculture is the main surrounding

land use to the north, east and south of the study area. A pig farm is situated to the east of the mining area. The Anglo New Vaal Colliery and the associated Lethabo Power Station is situated to the west and north-west of the study area. The town of Vereeniging is also situated approximately 12 km to the north-west of the study area.

Figure 18: Surrounding Land Uses

1.3.2 Heritage

 Redan Rock Art site consists of approximately 244 panels of engravings;  Klip River Terrace is a rich Stone Age site situated to the north of Vereeniging and the study area; and  Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve (some 20 km to the east).

Heritage features of significance occurring on the study area include: One historic house featuring wooden frames and doors. A substantial midden was also recorded in association. The house probably dates to the early 1900s and is therefore older than 60 years and is as such protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999). Six graveyards were recorded with a total of approximately 122 graves. According to the inscriptions they are mostly dated to the early to mid-1900s. However, most graves are unmarked and because the date is unknown they are by default protected by the NHRA (Act No 25 of 1999). It is unclear whether they are

formal graveyards, administered by a local authority. Refer to Figure 16 and Figure 17 and Section 1.1.13 of this report for the location and detailed descriptions of the various culturally significant sites occurring on the study area.

1.3.3 Infrastructure

Roads

The main arterial route close to the study area is the R59 running from Johannesburg south to Vereeniging. Other major routes include the R54 to the east, the R716 to the west and the R82 to the west of the R716. (Refer to

Figure 1).

Access to the site is gained through taking the R54 from between Three Rivers and Heidelberg. Approximately 1km outside Three Rivers, there is a road on the right, sign posted Vischgat. This road goes past the Rand Water Panfontein water works. Approximately 5km further the tarred road becomes a gravel road. Entrance to the mine is a further 3 – 4km down the gravel road.

Power lines

Power is required for the administration of activities and the running of the plant. Electricity is provided by Eskom. The area immediately adjacent to the study area is also serviced by Eskom. Several power line servitudes are occurring around the study area.

Water

Sky Sands consumes from the following sources:

 Abstraction of groundwater from a borehole for potable use at a rate of 6 m3/month (72 m3/annum);  Abstraction of raw water from the Vaal River to top up the process water dam at a rate of 8 333 m3/month (100 000 m3/annum); and  Reuse of stormwater and recycle of process water for sand washing, dust suppression and other water needs (Golder, 2014).

Offices

Administration functions are performed on-site in a brick office building. Administration activities include documentation control, producing legislated reports, business management, accounting practices, communication with clients and regulators via telephone, electronically, or other media (Golder, 2014).

Workshop and Maintenance Infrastructure

Maintenance of the mining fleet is undertaken on-site, in a workshop located adjacent to the administration building (Golder, 2014). The mining fleet includes excavators, haul vehicles, water carts, dozers, loaders and bakkies. All spares are stored on- site and are kept within the workshop facility. All lubricants and greases required for maintenance are stored in a bunded oil store. Plant maintenance includes the lubrication and greasing of mechanical parts, replacing of conveyor belting and replacing of worn parts. A small spares and storage facility designated for plant maintenance is situated adjacent to the washing and screening plant. The haul roads are maintained regularly with a grader to prevent erosion and reduce deterioration. The roads are also watered on a daily basis by means of a water cart. Diesel is stored on-site in two belowground diesel tanks located at the Sky Sands workshop. Mine haul vehicles and plant vehicles obtain diesel directly from this tank, while the excavators (in the pit) are re-fuelled from a fuel-bowser that draws diesel from the main tanks (Golder, 2014).

Please refer to Annexure 2: Maps and GIS for a site layout diagram, indicating the location of all existing and proposed infrastructure and mining activities on the study area

1.4 Annotated map showing the spatial locality and aerial extent of all environmental, cultural/heritage, infrastructure and land use features identified on site and on the neighbouring properties and farms

 Wetlands – refer to Annexure 2: for a map of wetlands overlain onto the site layout  Sensitive vegetation – refer to Figure 13 - Figure 15  Land use features – refer to Figure 18  Cultural Resources – refer to Figure 16

1.5 Confirmation that supporting documents in the form of specialist studies are attached as appendices

The specialists’ reports pertaining to the proposed sand mine are attached in Annexure 1: Specialists Reports.

Annexure 1.1 : Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (Golder, 2014) Annexure 1.2 : Wetlands Assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2014) Annexure 1.3 : Vegetation Study (Hoare, 2009) Annexure 1.4 : Avifaunal specialist assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2009) Annexure 1.5 : Amphibian and reptile specialist assessment (Galago Environmental, 2009) Annexure 1.6 : Cultural and Heritage Impact Assessment (Coetzee, 2009)

2. THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION

2.1 The mineral to be mined

The mineral to be mined is sand.

2.2 The mining method to be employed at the level of opencast, underground, stoping, stooping, total extraction, board and pillar, block caving, shrinking, dredging, pumping, monitoring, etc. and provide a concise description of the intended magnitude thereof, in terms of volumes, depth and aerial extent

Mining methods vary widely and depend on the location, type and size of mineral resources. The mining method currently in use at the existing mine, is surface mining (open cast method), excavating sand between 0m to 4.0m in depth. The open cast method will also be used for future mining of sand. The aerial extent of the identified reserves on the study area is 779 Ha (area required for mining and not the total area of the mining and prospecting right area). The estimated resource figures are summarised in table below. For the purpose of the Section 102 application the table is adapted from the table provided by Geo Consult. The table below shows the area of the defined blocks, the average thickness of the upper sand units based on the pitting, and the indicated in-situ resource based on the intersected thickness of sand in the pits.

Upper sand totals RESOURCE AREA UNIT THICKNESS VOLUME (m3) BLOCK Block 1 1,173,313 Upper Sand 3.88m 4,552,455 Block 2 1,413,622 Upper Sand 3.91m 5,527,260 Block 3 1,498,237 Upper Sand 3.12m 4,674,498 Block 4 508,627 Upper Sand 2.72m 1,383,466 Block 5 3,103,497 Upper Sand 1.50m 4,655,246

Block 6 97,561 Upper Sand 2.00m 195,122 TOTAL AREA 7,794,857 2,69m Ave 20,988,047

Production build up is taken from historical results from January 2014 to December 2014 with the anticipated growth build up to the maximum tonnes that can be produced with the current equipment over the next 10 years.

There has been a slow-down in the building industry over the past 12 months and it is estimated to extend for the next year or eighteen months.

The slow-down cannot be attributed to grade deterioration.

The production forecast can be seen below.

Period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year8 Year 9 Year10 Tonnes 500 500 600 600 720 720 720 720 720 720 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

The production rate starts at 500 000 tonnes per annum in year 1 and grows to 720 000 tonnes in year 5 and will remain at that figure for the 10 year financial cash flow forecast.

All reserves indicated in are mineable i.e. there are no high and low grade areas: the only variance is the thickness of the sand deposit.

Therefore 100% of the sand reserves will be mined

It must be noted that only the upper sand layer will be mined and thus the summary of reserves above will be relevant to the life of mine calculation.

The expected full production rate is estimated at 450 000 m3 per annum (around 60 000 tonne per month) and the sand reserves amounts to 20 980 047 m3. The expected life of mine (LOM) running at the goal production rate can be estimated as:

Life of Mine = (Sand Reserves) / (Goal Production Rate)

Life of Mine = (17 933 808 m3) / (450 000 m3)

Life of Mine=40 years

Only the upper sand reserves are included in the above calculation.

2.3 List of the main mining actions, activities, or processes, such as, but not limited to, access roads, shafts, pits, workshops and stores, processing plant, residue deposition sites, topsoil storage sites, stockpiles, waste dumps, access roads dams, and any other basic mine design features.

Typical mine infrastructure includes haul roads; spoil dumps; surface and underground facilities (e.g. offices, workshops, car parks and warehouses); tailings; transport and service corridors (e.g. roads, pipelines, conveyers, power and water corridors); product stockpiles; chemicals and fuel storage and housing facilities (AEPA, 1996).

2.3.1 Existing infrastructure at the mine include inter alia:

 Untarred access road to the plant and offices;  Access Control and security;  Haul roads;  Weighbridge;  Transport and service corridors (e.g. roads, pipelines, conveyers, power and water corridors);  Sub-station - electricity is supplied via an 11Kva line from ESKOM;  Water is supplied from the Vaal River for the plant. Only make up water is pumped from this source;  Potable water is extracted from a borehole to feed the offices.  Anode bed;  Washing plant;  Process water dams;  Plaster and washed sand stockpiles;  Chemicals and fuel storage;  Maintenance and equipment store;  Offices;  Parking areas;  Housing facilities;  Sanitation facilities (French drains, septic tanks and chemical toilets);  Water tanks; and  Diesel pump.

Administration functions are performed on-site in a brick building. Administration activities include documentation control, producing legislated reports, business management, accounting practices, communication with clients and regulators via telephone, electronically, or other media. Maintenance of the mining fleet is undertaken on-site, in a workshop located adjacent to the administration building. The mining fleet include excavators, haul vehicles, graders, water carts, dozers, loaders and bakkies. All spares are stored on-site and are kept within the workshop facility. All lubricants and greases required for maintenance are stored in a bunded oil store. Plant maintenance includes the lubrication and greasing of mechanical parts, replacing of conveyor belting and replacing of worn parts. A small spares and storage facility designated for plant maintenance

is situated adjacent to the washing and screening plant. The haul roads are maintained regularly with a grader to prevent erosion and reduce deterioration. The roads are also watered on a daily basis by means of a water cart.

Diesel is stored on-site in two belowground diesel tanks located at the Sky Sands workshop. Mine haul vehicles and plant vehicles obtain diesel directly from this tank, while the excavators (in the pit) are re-fuelled from a fuel-bowser that draws diesel from the main tanks.

A site layout diagram is attached as Annexure 2 to this report.

2.3.2 The main mining actions

Mining activities are those activities which facilitate the removal of sand from the earth, and either transport it to a washing plant for further processing, or stockpile it to be sold as a product to customers.

Prospecting

Prospecting activities will consist of trenching, making use of an excavator to dig the required trenches and drilling using a soil auger. Sand samples are taken from the trenches or from the auger and sent to a soil or civil engineering laboratory to test the material’s suitability as building material. Once the sample has been obtained the trench will be re-filled immediately.

Clearing of vegetation (natural and disturbed grassland and wetland vegetation, including alien invasive species)

As areas are scheduled for mining, a bulldozer is used to clear those areas of vegetation, overburden and topsoil.

Stripping of topsoil and overburden

As areas are scheduled for mining, a bulldozer is used to clear those areas of vegetation, overburden and topsoil (refer to Figure 19). The bulldozer strips the mined area systematically, and moves stripped vegetation into the previously mined area. Sky Sands makes use of one bulldozer on their operation. On average the top 20 to 50cm is stripped ahead of the mining face

Figure 19: Bulldozer clearing overburden from new mining area

Excavating sand and loading dump trucks

Once the overburden and vegetation is cleared, excavators are used to remove material from the earth and place it into Articulated Dump Trucks (ADTs). Sky Sands makes use of 5 ADTs and 1 excavator on the operation. The excavators dig to a depth of approximately 2 - 4 metres until the excavator encounters the clay layer between the two sand layers.

Figure 20: Excavator loading an Articulated Dump Truck with sand from the pit Hauling materials to either the plant or plaster sand stockpile

 Depending on demand from customers, once the sand is mined by the excavator, the ADTs will either transport sand to the plant, for washing and screening, or transport it to the plaster-sand stockpile which is sold directly to customers without further processing.  In the case where sand is to be processed further, the ADT hauls the material to the stockpile adjacent to the washing and screening plant.  As required, the sand is transferred from the stockpile to the hopper feeding the plant, using an ADT.  Two front end loaders are available at the stockpiles to load customer’s trucks and move sand to the washing plant.

Figure 21: ADT delivering sand to the plant feed stockpile

Stockpiling of plaster sand

Plaster sand is dumped by the ADTs on a stockpile that is kept in a different location to the plant. Customers then collect the plaster sand directly from this stockpile. Approximately 50,000m3 of plaster sand are produced each month.

2.3.3 Processing Activities

Processing activities are those activities that take the raw material from the quarry and process it in such a way as to make it suitable for the market.

Figure 22: Panoramic view of the washing and screening plant. (Note that the conveyor belt to the right of the picture leads to the newly constructed plant) Washing and screening (including process water)

Process Description

Figure 23 below provides a simplified process flow diagram for the washing and screening plant.

Figure 23: Simplified process flow diagram for Sky Sands Washing and Screening plant Sky Sands operates two washing and screening plants. The total capacity is 90 000 tonnes per month; Plant 1 has a capacity of 56 000 tonnes and Plant 2 a capacity of 34 000 tonnes. Sand is fed into the wash screen and water is pumped and sprayed onto the sand. Water and washed sand passes through the wash-screen and is collected in a cone. Smaller particles float to the top of the cone and pass over an overflow weir. The overflow is sent to the settlement dam where the small particles have more time to settle out. Clean water is recovered from the settlement dam and sent to the wash water dam where it is ultimately reused in washing sand.

The larger particles sink to the bottom of the cone, from where they are pumped to the cyclone and then passed over the dewatering screen. The dewatering screen separates the sand and the water, with the washed sand proceeding to the sand stockpile, and the recovered water (still containing smaller sand particles) being returned to the cone for reclassification. No chemicals are used in the process. At full capacity approximately 3000 tonnes per month of undersize sand is generated in the washing and screening plant at the sand mine.

Watery slurry containing about 2.5% solids by volume is pumped to the settlement dam. Clean water is recycled from the dam.

In future the processing plant may be relocated as and when the sand reserves close to the plant are depleted. The moving of the plant will be based on economic consideration, i.e. as and when the cost of moving the plant to an area of un-mined reserves is cheaper than the cost to transport mined sand to the plant.

Water and sand balance

A mass balance over the washing and screening plant has been carried out, according to the block flow diagram in Figure 24. The system boundary is defined around the entire processing plant, including the settlement dams. Inputs to the system are streams 1 (sand from the mine), 4 (top-up water for washing), and 7 (rainfall). Outputs from the system are via streams 3 (washed sand product containing 7% water) and 6 (water evaporation). The system does not include the groundwater ingress taking place on the mine, nor the removal of material from the mining pits. Only the processing plant and climatic conditions are considered.

Figure 24: Block flow diagram for washing and screening plant showing mass inputs and outputs The mass balance was carried out based on the following assumptions for each stream:

 Feed sand to the process is completely dry (i.e. 0% water in stream 1). This is not entirely realistic, but no information regarding moisture content in the feedstock is available;  Undersize sent to the settlement dam is predominantly water, but contains 2.5% solids by volume;  Washed sand product contains 7% moisture by mass. 30,000m3 (56 770 tonne) of wet sand is produced per month. Wet sand leaves the washing/screening plant in stream 3a, and has a density of 1.922t/m3 (SImetric.co.uk, 2007);  The sand component of stream 3a is considered Dry Sand of density 1.622t/m3 (SImetric.co.uk, 2007);  The water reporting to the settlement dam via 3b is considered to be completely clean (i.e. 100% water); This is also unlikely realistic, but no applicable data are available;  Top up water is 100% free of sand;  Wash water from the settlement dam to the wash screen is 100% free of sand. Flow rate to the plant is 60 000t/m;  Average evaporation over the year is 137.74mm. The area over which evaporation affects the system is the settlement dams, and these are assumed to cover 5 hectares. Evaporation rates will vary seasonally, and so top-up water required will also vary. The mean has been calculated;  Average annual rainfall is 629.5mm. Only rain that falls into the 5 hectares assumed for the settlement dams is considered. As for evaporation rates, rainfall varies seasonally; and  Finally water is assumed to have a density of 1.00t/m3.

Stockpile capacity is between 6 000t and 7 500t, but this figure is not critical in the mass balance.

The results of the mass balance are displayed in Table 7 below. Where values were not needed in order to balance the masses, they were not calculated.

Table 7: Mass balance for Sky Sands washing/screening plant Stream 1 Stream 2

total water sand total water sand mass (tons/month) 58,829 0 58,829 51,559 49,500 2,059 fraction 0.975 0.025 volume (m3/month) 49,500 1,269

Stream 3 Stream 3a total Water sand total Water sand mass (tons/month) 61,043 4,273 56,770 67,270 10,500 56,770 fraction 0.070 0.930 1.000 0.156 0.844 volume (m3/month) 35,000

Stream 3b Stream 4 total water sand total water sand mass (tons/month) 6,227 6,227 0 8,537 8,537 0 fraction volume (m3/month)

Stream 5 Stream 6 total water sand total water sand mass (tons/month) 60,000 60,000 0 6,887 6,887 0 fraction volume (m3/month) 60,000 0

Stream 7 total water sand mass (tons/month) 2,623 2,623 0 fraction volume (m3/month) 0

Summary of the balance:

This summarised all inputs and outputs to the system, as well as accumulation in the system. Values are rounded to two significant figures.

Water

Mean Monthly Evaporation (Stream 6): 6,900 tonnes/month leaving system

Mean Monthly Rainfall (Stream 7): 2,600 tonnes/month entering system

Water leaving in product (Stream 3): 4,300 tonnes/month leaving system

Top up water (Stream 4): 8,500 tonnes/month entering system

Sand

Sand fed to plant (Stream 1): 59,000 tonnes/month

Washed sand product, dry (Stream 3): 57,000 tonnes/month

Accumulation in settlement dam (Stream 2): 2,100 tonnes/month.

Stockpiling washed sand

Washed sand is stockpiled on top of a water recovery system, whereby water drains through the stockpile and is collected underneath. The water underneath the stockpile is then returned to the water reticulation system and is ultimately reused as process water on the plant.

2.3.4 Dispatch Activities

Dispatch activities refer to the activities undertaken by the mine’s customers in collecting sand, and the activities that Sky Sands carries out in monitoring these activities.

Access control

Any truck arriving on site to collect either plaster or washed sand passes through a checkpoint where information pertaining to the client is gathered. Since all customer’s trucks must stop at the checkpoint, there is an opportunity for Sky Sands personnel to inspect the vehicles as they enter and leave the site. A log-book of vehicles entering and leaving the site is kept at the access control point.

Weighing product

Trucks leaving the site carrying a payload of washed or plaster sand must be weighed on the weighbridge. This allows Sky Sands to accurately determine the mass of product purchased by each customer. The mass of product and customer name is recorded by the personnel stationed at the weighbridge for billing purposes. The old one-way weigh bridge was replaced with a two-way double weigh bridge in 2009. The main entrance is on the eastern side and there is a toilet inside and a septic tank under the cement slab adjacent to the stairway. The water supply with reservoir and pressure pump (refer to Figure 25) is located on the western side of the building.

Figure 25: Two-way double weigh bridge

Figure 26: Two-way double weigh bridge from the side

2.3.5 Supporting activities – on-site

On-site supporting activities are those activities that take place within the mining area, but are not directly related to production activities. Support activities are typically considered to be such things as maintenance, materials storage, and waste management and so on.

Plant Maintenance / Spares and Equipment Storage

A small spares and storage facility designated for plant maintenance is situated adjacent to the washing and screening plant.

Figure 27: Plant storage and workshop area Spare parts (mechanical and electrical), electrical diagnostic equipment and welding equipment are kept within the storage area. Waste products generated at the plant are also temporarily stored in this area. Please refer to the following section (Annexure 1.1) for information regarding waste management. Preventative plant maintenance takes place on a regular basis. Oil used in conveyor drives is replaced. Moving parts worn out during plant operation are repaired, or if necessary, replaced.

Waste Management

Waste generated at the plant or as a result of maintenance of the plant is stored temporarily at or near the workshop area, on a concrete surface. Used oil is kept in drums, while scrap metal is kept in skips or lain neatly on the ground in the case where the material is too large for the skips. Waste collected on-site is then transferred off-site to the mining equipment workshop. Toilet facilities are provided to employees in the form of a septic tank, French drain system and portable chemical toilets, as the Sky Sands mine is not connected directly with the municipal sewerage system.

Haul Road Maintenance

Haul road maintenance is carried out on a regular basis using a grader, as appropriate. A water truck is used on the haul roads in use when climatic conditions are conducive to dust conditions (i.e when it is windy and dry).

2.3.6 Supporting activities – off-site

A number of supporting activities necessary in the smooth operation of the mine are conducted off-site. These are such aspects as equipment maintenance, waste management, fuel management and general administration. Many of these activities are not carried out directly by Sky Sands, but are instead managed by third parties. However, as these third party activities would not take place were it not for the demand created by Sky Sands sand mine, the mine must take responsibility for the activities undertaken by third parties on behalf of the mine. Off-site supporting activities are taking place outside the immediate mining area, but still within the Sky Sands property.

Earthmoving Equipment Maintenance and Workshop

Some of the earthmoving equipment is maintained by the vehicle suppliers as per the service agreements between Sky Sands and certain of the vehicle suppliers. Maintenance activities include changing vehicle oil, replacing worn parts, breakdown repairs, and general vehicle services. All vehicles are maintained based on the number of hours that they operate for (generally every 250 hours). This maintenance schedule is strictly adhered to. The workshop carries out smaller services, while larger services are undertaken by the vehicle suppliers in some cases (such as with the excavators).

Waste Management

All waste generated as a result of the workshop and maintenance activities is separated into two groups. Old oil and other waste. Other waste is stored in a waste skip. Old oil is decanted into a storage vessel. Both storage containers are emptied periodically or once the skip reaches capacity, by a waste removal company. Ideally, “other waste” should be separated into more categories and oil should be stored in sealed containers on a concrete surface or within a bunded area.

Fuel Depot Management

Sky Sands makes use of an underground diesel storage facility which is located on the farm Panfontein 437 IR adjacent to the mining property. Most of the earthmoving equipment used by the mine refill with diesel at the diesel depot. In some cases it is impractical for mine vehicles to travel to the diesel depot (such as tracked vehicles like bulldozers). In those cases a diesel bowser collects fuel from the depot and refuels the tracked vehicles on site.

Administration

Administration of Sky Sands takes place at the Sky Sands offices. Administration activities involve such things as documentation control, producing legislated reports, business management, accounting practices, communication with clients and regulators via telephone, electronically, or other media.

This is not an exhaustive list, but all generic office activities would be included under this section.

2.3.7 Supporting activities - general

Electricity use

Electricity is supplied to both the off-site workshop area and processing plant via the ESKOM grid.

Potable water supply

There is no potable water supply directly on-site. All potable water is brought onto site in bottles or canisters by each worker. The water is sourced from the workshop which is situated on the adjacent farm. The farm workshop receives its potable water from a borehole.

Haul Road Maintenance

A water truck and grader are used along the main dirt road that is the only access point to the mine. All customers and visitors to the mine must travel along this dirt road. The water truck continuously waters the road. Once the tank is empty, the water truck refills it from the settlement dams that the processing plant makes use off. Thus, mine water is used to water the main road saving on water consumption from other sources.

Figure 28: Water truck refilling water tank from the settlement dam

2.3.8 Rehabilitation and mine closure

Historic rehabilitation

To date the mine has disturbed approximately 60 hectares of the mining area with very little concurrent rehabilitation been performed. The old areas were left un-rehabilitated because at the time, mining of the lower sands was a consideration. The perched groundwater level has restricted the mine from removing the sand reserves below the clay layer. Therefore only the upper layer of sand (above the clay layer) will be mined. Areas requiring historic rehabilitation are considered to be mined areas which were not rehabilitated within 12 months of the cessation of mining in that particular area. Historic rehabilitation activities include:

 Returning to the disturbed areas which have not been concurrently rehabilitated and;  Sloping the edges of the mining pits to 18º into exposed water level;  Covering the sloped area with overburden and topsoil which was stripped and stored adjacent to the mining area at the onset of the mining activities;  Allowing the re-vegetation to take place naturally;  Implementing monitoring programmes to ensure successful re-vegetation;  Sowing additional seed on sloped areas, should an 80% vegetation cover not successfully establish with 1 year.

Concurrent rehabilitation

Since January 2014 concurrent rehabilitation of the mining area is being conducted. Concurrent rehabilitation will be implemented within six months of the completion of mining in a particular area. Concurrent rehabilitation is carried out in the same manner as historic rehabilitation, but implemented after the completion of mining in an area.

Mine closure

The mine recognises that the sand reserves are finite and therefore mine closure is inevitable. Currently the mine intends to remove the sand reserves and then transform the site into a recreational facility. At this point in time closure would consist of converting the site into a recreational facility which could make use of the manmade wetlands. It is recognised that Panfontein Colliery (Richtrau 253 (Pty) Ltd) have a prospecting right to the coal located beneath the sand reserves. Should Panfontein Colliery (Richtrau 253 (Pty) Ltd) , which owns prospecting rights, confirm their intent to mine the coal reserves through open cast methods in future, then the closure will be amended to suit the future intended mining activities.

2.3.9 Emergency Situations

This section briefly states the kind of emergencies which, conceivably, could occur at the mine. Please refer to Section 13 for the management measures recommended in preventing or containing and remediating these eventualities.

Major hydrocarbon spills

There are a number of different ways in which a major hydrocarbon spill could take place. Some examples are:

Drums or containers filled with oil, diesel, or petrol may be knocked over accidentally. Fuel tank on a vehicle may rupture, in the case of a vehicle collision, or some other accident which seriously compromises the integrity of fuel storage vessels or fuel/oil pipes. In cases where major hydrocarbon spillage takes place, the potential for serious soil or water contamination is high. A major hydrocarbon spill affects an area greater than 1m2 and so usually will consist of a number of litres of spillage that flows over a larger area.

Minor hydrocarbon spills

Minor hydrocarbon spills are usually the result of small leaks from vehicles – such as in cases where oil seals are not operating properly, or fuel tanks are overfilled. Typically this kind of spill will result in a small amount of soil or water contamination. A minor spill is classified as one which affects an area no greater than 1m2. The volume of spillage is usually too small to flow any great distance from the source of the spill.

Bursting or leaking diesel tank

A bursting or leaking diesel tank is simply another example of how a hydrocarbon spill might take place. This emergency event is given its own subheading because the management measures for dealing with this eventuality differs from more generic

hydrocarbon spillages. The diesel tank is the place where the greatest volume of hydrocarbons in use on the mine are stored. The diesel tank used by Sky Sands is an underground storage facility.

Fire outbreak

Uncontrolled fires can break out in any number of ways. Often it is not possible to prevent the start of a fire – for example in the case where a lit cigarette stump is carelessly discarded by a third party, and ignites the grass on the mine property. Veld fires such as these are common during the winter months when the grass is dry. Industrial fires could also occur in the case where plant equipment malfunctions or overheats. Electrical fires are a possibility under certain circumstances.

Excessive dust

Excessive dust can be generated by plant machinery or mining equipment when the usual dust suppression measures fail, or under abnormal weather conditions (such as exceptionally windy days).

3. Plan showing the location and aerial extent of the aforesaid main mining actions, activities, or processes as required to calculate the financial provision in accordance with the Department’s published guideline. (Reg. 51 (b) (v))

Maps annotating the spatial locality and aerial extent as well as the surface layout of the mine are attached in Annexure 2: Maps and GIS

3.1 Listed activities (in terms of the NEMA EIA regulations) which will be occurring within the proposed project

EIA Regulations, 2010 - R.545 Activity 15 – Physical alteration of undeveloped, vacant or derelict land for industrial use where the total area of land to be transformed is 20 hectares or more. EIA Regulations, 2010 - R.545 Activity 20 – Any activity which requires a mining right or renewal thereof as contemplated in sections 22 and 24 respectively of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002).

3.2 Indication of the phases (construction, operational, decommissioning) and estimated timeframes in relation to the implementation of these actions, activities or processes and infrastructure.

The phases and timeframes of the implementation of mining actions, activities and processes as well as infrastructure are set out in Table 6 below.

Table 6: The phases and timeframes of implementation of mining actions, activities and processes Phases and Activities, Actions and Processes: Time frame: Construction Phase:

Phases and Activities, Actions and Processes: Time frame: There will be no construction phase, as the mine is operational and sufficient infrastructure to support the extension of the mining area is available.

Operational Phase: Current – approximately 40 years (The operational phase will commence after receiving the Section 102 EMPR amendment approval and will continue for the approximate life of mine of 40 years.

Production of approximately 500 000 tonnes per annum 2 years (approximately 42 000 tonnes per month) Production of approximately 600 000 tonnes per annum Year 3-4 (approximately 50 000 tonnes per month) Full production - 720 000 tonnes per annum (60 000 Approximately 36 years tonnes per month) Rehabilitation Phase: From month 6

Rehabilitation of mined areas. (Rehabilitation will run concurrently with the mining programme, however filling of the final void, reinstatement of dams and roads will commence towards the end of the life of mine).

Decommissioning Phase/Mine Closure/Rehabilitation

All buildings and infrastructure with no use or economic Approximately from year 39 use towards the end of the life of mine will be demolished. Currently the mine intends to remove the sand reserves and then transform the site into a recreational facility that makes use of the man-made wetlands resulting from mining activities. At this point in time closure would consist of converting the study area into a recreational facility which could make use of the river frontage and the manmade wetlands generated as a result of mining.

3.3 Confirmation if any other relevant information is attached as appendices

The following Annexures with information relevant to the project are attached:

Annexure 1: Specialist Reports

Annexure 1.1: Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (Golder, 2014)

Annexure 1.2: Wetlands Assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2014)

Annexure 1.3: Vegetation Study (Hoare, 2009)

Annexure 1.4: Avifaunal specialist assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2009)

Annexure 1.5: Amphibian and reptile specialist assessment (Galago Environmental, 2009)

Annexure 1.6: Cultural and Heritage Impact Assessment (Coetzee, 2009)

Annexure 2: Maps and GIS

Annexure 3: Impact assessment table

Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations

Annexure 5: Emergency Response Procedure

Annexure 6: Spill Procedure

4. The potential impacts

4.1 List of the potential impacts, on environmental aspects including the cultural / heritage aspects, separately in respect of each of the aforesaid main mining actions, activities, processes, and activities listed in the NEMA EIA regulations

Refer to Annexure 3 for the impact tables listing all the potential environmental impacts

4.2 List of all potential cumulative environmental impacts

Environmental Impacts from developments may be considered relatively insignificant when assessed in isolation; however they may potentially become very significant when assessed in the context of the impact of other developments nearby or in the general locality.

The following cumulative impacts have been identified during the undertaking of the specialists’ studies:

4.2.1 Cumulative impacts on groundwater quality and quantity

Source of impact:

Spills and leaks of hazardous material and abstraction of water for potable use.

Description of impact:

Accidental spillage of fuels, oils and other chemicals, causes a contamination plume affecting the underground resources which in turn affects surface water resources.

Significance of impact:

The significance of the impact is low before and very low after mitigation.

Mitigation:

 Groundwater monitoring must be conducted to monitor the quality and quantity of groundwater;  When chemicals e.g. paint, fuels and oils are handled during operations and maintenance impermeable material must be placed underneath to prevent spilling on the ground; and  A water use licence application should be submitted for the approval of abstraction of water.

4.2.2 Cumulative impact on surface water quality and quantity

Source of the impact:

Hydrological modifications and stormwater and soil contamination and discharge, if not managed sufficiently will impact on the water quality. The abstraction of raw water from the Vaal River to top up the process water dam will reduce surface water quantity.

Description of the impact:

Increased stormwater runoff with an associated increased erosion potential are directly related to the expansion of hardened surface inside a catchment due to vegetation removal and development. When chemicals e.g. paint, fuels and oils are handled during operation and maintenance, these materials may spill onto the ground and contaminate stormwater and soils. Sewage may also spill from the French drains, chemical toilets and septic tanks and enter surface water systems and waste water not sufficiently treated used for dust suppression may also contaminate surface water.

Significance:

The significance of the impact is expected to be of a high significance without mitigation. With mitigation the significance of the impact will be of a low significance.

Mitigation

 Surface water monitoring should be conducted;

 Interventions and mechanisms such as an appropriate stormwater management structures such as energy dissipaters, should be included in the proposed development to reduce the impact of stormwater on soil in order to facilitate a higher percentage of infiltration (e.g. porous pavements);  An ecologically sensitive stormwater management plan will be required to attenuate flood peak events and prevent excessive erosion and contamination; and  A water use licence application should be submitted for the approval of abstraction of water and the discharge of waste water that may contaminate water resources.

4.2.3 Cumulative impact on biodiversity

Source of the impact:

Removal of vegetation during mining activities for additional open cast pits and haul roads. Stockpiles during the operational phases and destruction of natural grassland and wetland and riparian habitats.

Description of the impact:

Vegetation loss and habitat loss will result in decreased biodiversity on the study area due to habitat for faunal species becoming unavailable, resulting in faunal species to move to other areas, if they survive.

Significance of the impact:

Because the impact is of a permanent nature to a large extent, the impact is of high significance before mitigation. However when mitigation measures (refer to Table 15 and Table 16Table 16) are implemented, the impact will be medium after mitigation.

Mitigation:

 Removal of vegetation should be limited to the mining area only;  Where possible cleared areas should be rehabilitated as soon as possible during mining;  Cleared areas should be reseeded with endemic, indigenous vegetation;  Replanted areas should be monitored until establishment took place. Should establishment not take place, the process should be repeated until establishment occur;  Appropriate buffers around sensitive areas not to be developed, should be established and demarcated as no-go areas; and  The wetland habitats to be destroyed, should be compensated for by rehabilitating the other wetlands on site that will not be destroyed.

4.2.4 Cumulative impact on vegetation

Source of the impact:

Removal of vegetation during mining activities for additional open cast pits and haul roads. Stockpiles during the operational phases.

Description of the impact:

Vegetation loss will result in decreased biodiversity on site including and fragmentation of habitat. Vegetation loss also increase soil erosion and increased stormwater runoff.

Significance of the impact:

Because the impact is of a permanent nature to a large extent, the impact is of high significance before mitigation. However when mitigation measures are implemented, the impact will be medium after mitigation.

Mitigation:

 Removal of vegetation should be limited to the maintenance and mining area only;  Where possible cleared areas should be rehabilitated as soon as possible during construction;  Cleared areas should be reseeded with endemic, indigenous vegetation;  Replanted areas should be monitored until establishment took place. Should establishment not take place, the process should be repeated until establishment occur.

4.2.5 Cumulative Impact of faunal habitat and displacement

Source of the impact:

Destruction of faunal habitat and the displacement of species from their traditional home ranges during the construction phases of the proposed development.

Description of the impact:

Faunal species could be displaced as a result of mining activities. This could result in higher than normal social, grazing and browsing pressures on areas that would otherwise not have these impacts. This could also result in degraded vegetation cover from trampling, erosion, grazing or browsing and other forces.

Significance:

The significance of the impact is expected to be of a high significance without mitigation, this is due to the displacement of faunal species from their habitats on site to allow for the extension of the mining area. With mitigation the significance of the impact will be reduced to that of a medium significance.

Mitigation

• Minimising the loss of flora and fauna in areas that are not directly affected by the new development; • Where possible, trees to be removed should be transplanted at another suitable location; • All areas should be suitably top soiled and vegetated as soon as is possible after mining, preferably in phases. Care should be taken that alien plant invasion is minimal and alien invasive species should be monitored at regular intervals and removed and replaced with endemic, indigenous plants / trees where possible; and • Disturbed surfaces to be rehabilitated must be ripped to a depth of 300mm, and the area must be backfilled with topsoil or overburden and vegetated as described above.

4.2.6 Cumulative Impact on natural migratory routes and faunal and floral dispersal patterns

Source of the impact

The introduction of barriers such as open cast pits during the operational phase of the proposed development would have an impact on the natural migratory routes and faunal dispersal patterns.

Description of the impact

Open cast pits, walls, buildings, roads and other infrastructure associated with the development may obstruct and constrict faunal dispersal and floral dispersal by limiting and funnelling natural dispersal patterns.

Significance

The significance of the impact is expected to be of a high significance without mitigation. With mitigation the significance of the impact will be reduced to that of a medium significance.

Mitigation

• Sensitive areas e.g. the watercourse and wetlands to be excluded from development, should be demarcated to prevent access during the mining phase; • Reduce the levels of disturbance on areas indicated as migratory routes along the Vaal River riparian zone, wetlands and grasslands and buffer zones; • All disturbed areas should be suitably top soiled and vegetated as soon as is possible after mining; • Disturbed surfaces to be rehabilitated must be ripped, and the area must be backfilled with topsoil or overburden; • Use endemic, indigenous plants wherever possible in the landscaping of the property; and • Try to maintain the natural vegetation in its original context as far as possible as this will enable species that are sensitive to transplanting to be maintained as well as their associated communities.

4.2.7 Positive cumulative impact on the surrounding communities, of socio-economic development including reducing unemployment rates and creating upliftment

Source of impact:

Employment opportunities exist and will be created by the extended area to be mined.

Description of impact:

- Job creation in an area where the percentage of unemployment is high; - The provision of improved infrastructure and social upliftment, by creating short term employment over a period and skills transfer to unskilled and semi-skilled unemployed individuals; - A project like this will create positive spin-offs in terms of job creation, considering that the life of mine is 40 years; and - Skills and training will be transferred to the local community and the greater area.

Significance:

The significance before mitigation is medium to high, and after mitigation very high.

Enhancement of positive impact measures:

 This economic opportunity should be structured in such a way that it can establish long-term sustainable economic growth both in terms of skilled and unskilled labour;  The approved updated Social and Labour Plan for the mine should be implemented.

4.2.8 Cumulative impact: decrease in air quality in the immediate surroundings of the mine;

Source of impact:

Current sources of pollution (predominantly in the form of dust) in the vicinity of the site include the following:

 Domestic fuel burning (minimal, due to low population density);  Fugitive dust emissions from agricultural activities (commercial dry-land cultivation);  Emissions from Lethabo Power Station;  Dust and other particulates emitted from the adjacent Anglo Coal Vaal operations; and  Dust and other particulates emitted from the existing sand mining operations including stockpiling, handling and transport of sand on and adjacent to the study area;  Disturbed land or land denuded of any vegetation;  Vehicle movements on un-surfaced roads; and  Disposal facilities.

Description of impact:

Dust and particulate matter and noxious gasses emitted from the sources above may decrease the air quality of the study and wider area. Poor air quality may cause respiratory and other illnesses in humans and animals. Dust pollution also poses a safety risk, when visibility is poor on the adjacent arterial routes, which may cause accidents.

Significance of the impact:

The cumulative impact of PM10 concentrations has a significance of medium before mitigation and low after mitigation.

Mitigation:

 Air quality monitoring and modelling should for future activities concentrate on dust fallout and ambient PM10 monitoring. Dust fallout monitoring will be undertaken to assess compliancy with dust fallout limits and will be reviewed annually. The monitoring is conducted according to the main impact zone of the mine operations; and  Dust suppression activities such as water spraying are required during all phases of the mining operations in order to minimise dust generation.

4.2.9 Cumulative impact increasing noise levels

Source of the impact:

Current and future sources of noise disturbance at the mine include:

Description of impact:

Noise emitted from the above sources are causing ambient noise levels to increase and are hazardous to workers and residents as well as fauna on and adjacent to the study area.

Significance of the impact:

The cumulative impact of rising ambient noise levels has a significance of medium before mitigation and low after mitigation.

Mitigation:

 Regular maintenance of all equipment and mining restricted to day time, if possible. Night shift production will be required, depending on demand, but must be restricted as far as possible;  All heavy duty vehicles and machinery are to be kept in good repair;  Where possible, stationary noisy equipment (for example compressors, pumps, pneumatic breakers,) should be encapsulated in acoustic covers, screens or sheds. Proper sound insulation can reduce noise by up to 20dBA;  Very noisy mining activities are to be confined to reasonable hours during the day and early evening if possible;

 With regard to unavoidable very noisy mining activities in the vicinity of noise sensitive areas, the mine should liaise with local residents on how best to minimise the impact;  Machines in intermittent use should be shut down in the intervening periods between work or throttled down to a minimum;  In general, operations should meet the noise standard requirements of the Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996) [as amended];  Staff working in areas where the 8-hour ambient noise levels exceed 75dBA should wear hearing protection equipment; and  It is further recommended that monitoring be undertaken at remaining sensitive receptors to determine the impact of noise during operations and potential addition mitigation requirements.

4.2.10 Cumulative impact: increased traffic volumes as a result of more heavy vehicles making use of the roads in the immediate area;

Source of the impact:

The increase of especially heavy vehicles (transporting sand) movements surrounding the proposed land use locality, such as on Provincial roads which are in the vicinity of the study area and link up to the project area. In addition to this traffic within the mine area will also be a contributing factor towards cumulative impacts from an increase in traffic.

Description of the impact:

Due to the nature of the activity it is likely that there will be a cumulative increase in vehicular traffic on roads adjacent to the study area.

Significance of impact:

The transport of materials, people and goods may present the only significant impact. The movement of vehicles on the local roads within the surrounding communities may result in damage to roads from movement of heavy vehicles. Despite the potential cumulative impacts from the traffic increase it is not anticipated that the impact will have a ranking higher than low for as long as the permanent or any non-surfaced roads are not in close proximity to the adjacent communities.

Mitigation:

• Only main roads should be used by heavy mine vehicles; • Where feasible heavy mine vehicles should not operate on public roads during peak hours; • Heavy mine vehicles should adhere to the speed limits of the road; • Heavy mine vehicles should always travel with their head lights switched on; • Communicate with and acknowledge concerns of the I&APs and mitigate where possible.

4.3 State specifically whether or not there is a risk of acid mine drainage or potential groundwater contamination associated with the mineral to be mined. (If such a risk is associated with the mineral to be mined provide a summary of the findings and recommendations of a specialist geo-hydrological report in that regard).

There is no risk of acid mine drainage or potential groundwater contamination associated with the mining of sand. However, associated activities such as the storage of fuel (Diesel) and other hazardous chemicals may contaminate groundwater if spilled and not cleaned up immediately and appropriately.

REGULATION 50 (b)

5. THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENTS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED

5.1 Concise description of the alternative land use of the area in which the mine is proposed to operate

Despite the poorly developed topsoil over most of the mining area, the land is used for maize farming and grazing. This tends to support the determination that the site has a Medium agricultural potential. The landowner originally bought the property for farming purposes, however due to the poor quality of soils, farming activities was not generating a positive revenue. It was due to this reason that the previous landowner decided to mine and farm the property simultaneously.

5.2 List and description of all the main features and infrastructure related to the alternative land uses or developments

The infrastructure for the farming of maize is already in place as this is an historic land use.

5.3 Plan showing the location and aerial extent of the aforesaid main features of the alternative land use and infrastructure related to alternative land developments identified during scoping

Figure 29: Alternative land use occurring on the study area

6. THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENT

6.1 List of the potential impacts of each of the aforesaid main features and infrastructure related to the alternative land use or development and related listed activities.

Table 7: List of impacts of agricultural activities Feature / Infrastructure Potential Impacts

Roads  Dust generation

Water Supply  Increased pressure on water resources

Agriculture (Maize farming)  Alteration of natural drainage patterns;  Depletion of biodiversity;  Surface and/or groundwater pollution through the use of fertilisers;  Dust generation from exposed areas;  Erosion; and  Not economical to farm due to poor soils and therefore this would result in a loss of income

REGULATION 50 (c)

7. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS

7.1 List of potential impacts of the proposed mining operation on the socio-economic conditions of other parties’ land use activities

Refer to Annexure 3 the impact tables listing all the potential social and cultural impacts

7.2 Description of the cultural aspect that will potentially be affected, and describe the potential impact on such cultural aspect

Please refer to Section 6 above.

7.3 Description of the cultural heritage sites observed on the study area

Several sites of cultural heritage importance were observed on the study area. Refer to Figure 16 for the location of the nine sites observed.

Site 1:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains a number of graves. Unfortunately the graveyard was severely overgrown and only one headstone could be recorded. The single grave seems to have a north-south orientation. Most of the graves seem to be packed stones and unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999).

Site 2:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 17 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed stones, but cement bases and headstones were also used. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions are dated to mid-1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999).

Site 3:

Site 4:

The site consists of a historic multi-room brick house (approximately 10 m x 10 m) with a corrugated iron roof. Various alterations have been made to the house including the replacement of window frames and an addition at the back. The house also has a large frontal stoep (veranda). One original window frame and the wooden front door remain, which give an indication that the house probably dates to the 1930s and 1940s. A large midden was also recorded at the back of the house which seems to contain pieces of glass, whiteware, iron pieces and metal wire. It is also possible that the house can be associated with Site 3 (graveyard) which is situated some 50 metres to the east. The structure is probably older than 60 years and is therefore protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999). Refer to Figure 17.

Site 5:

The site consists of a multi-room brick house (4 m x 8 m) with a corrugated cement roof. Although this structure is situated adjacent to Site 3 and 4 it is probably a later addition to the yard. As such it is probably not older than 60 years. No midden was recorded in association with the house. The structure is probably not older than 60 years and is therefore protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999). Refer to Figure 17.

Site 6:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 40 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed stones, but cement and granite bases and headstones were also used. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions date to the mid to late 1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999).

Site 7:

Site 8:

Site 9:

The site consists of a graveyard which contains approximately 51 graves. Most of the graves are demarcated by packed

stones, but cement bases and headstones were also used. All the graves have an east-west orientation with the headstone on the western side. Most of the graves that have headstones with inscriptions date to early to mid-1900s. The remaining graves are mostly unmarked. Unmarked graves are by default regarded as older than 60 years and are therefore also protected by the NHRA (Act no 25 of 1999).

7.3.1 Summary of findings of the specialist survey

Buildings

Cemeteries and Graveyards

Six graveyards were recorded with a total of approximately 122 graves. According to the inscriptions they are mostly dated to the early to mid-1900s. However, most graves are unmarked and because the date is unknown they are by default protected by the NHRA (Act No 25 of 1999). It is unclear whether they are formal graveyards that were administered by a local authority.

7.4 Description of heritage features and the potential impact on such heritage feature. (In cases where such features are not applicable the applicant must still include the item in the list and describe it as not applicable)

Iron Age settlements

No Iron Age settlements, structures, features or artefacts were recorded in the survey area.

Rock Art

No rock art was recorded.

Stone Age settlements

No Stone Age knapping sites or artefacts were recorded.

There is a possibility that the mining may uncover buried archaeological resources. However no heritage features have been recorded on the site that is to be mined. Therefore the likelihood that any sensitive heritage aspects will be affected during the construction and operation of the mine is low, provided that the mitigation measures (refer to Table 15 and Table 16) are implemented. It should however be kept in mind that archaeological deposits usually occur below ground level. Should archaeological artefacts or skeletal material be revealed in the area during construction activities, such activities should be halted,

and a university or museum notified in order for an investigation and evaluation of the find(s) to take place (cf. NHRA (Act No. 25 of 1999), Section 36 (6)).

7.5 Quantification of the impact on the socio-economic conditions of directly affected persons, as determined by the findings and recommendations of a specialist report in that regard

Due to the locality of the mine there will be no direct negative impacts on any affected persons arising from the mining activities, actions or processes.

7.5.1 The amount of the quantified potential impact on property or infrastructural assets

No direct negative impacts on property or infrastructural assets of any of the neighbours as a result of the extension of the mine, is anticipated, provided that mitigation measures are implemented.

7.5.2 State the amount of the quantified potential impact on commercial, economic or business activity which will be impacted upon as a result of the mining activity

No direct negative impacts on commercial, economic or business activity as a result of the extension of the mine is anticipated, due to the fact that there are other similar mining activities in the region.

7.5.3 The sum of the amounts, referred to in paragraphs 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 above.

Not applicable.

8. ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS

8.1 List of each potential impact identified in paragraphs 4 and 7 above. (Include all the items to be included in the list referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Refer to Annexure 3 for the impact tables listing all the potential social and cultural impacts

8.2 Concomitant impact rating for each potential impact listed in paragraph 8.1 above in terms of its nature, extent, duration, probability and significance. (Provide a definition of the criteria used for each of the variables used for rating potential impacts and ensure that the potential impacts are rated specifically with the assumption that no mitigation measures are applied)

Refer to Annexure 3 for the impact assessment table for the significance rating of each environmental and social impacts

8.2.1 Impact Assessment Criteria

A “significant impact” is defined as it is defined in the EIA Regulations (2010): “an impact that by its magnitude, duration, intensity or probability of occurrence may have a notable effect of one or more aspects of the environment”. The objective of this EIA

methodology is to serve as framework for accurately evaluating impacts associated with current or proposed activities in the biophysical, social and socio-economical spheres. It aims to ensure that all legal requirements and environmental considerations are met in order to have a complete and integrated environmental framework for impact evaluations.

The process of determining impacts to be assessed is one of the most important parts of the environmental impact assessment process. It is of such high importance because the environmental impacts identified can and are often linked to the same impact stream. In this method all impacts on the biophysical environment are assessed in terms of the overall integrity of ecosystems, habitats, populations and individuals affected. For example the removal of groundcover for the sloping or scraping of an embankment, can lead to higher amounts of water runoff which increases the rate of erosion. Further down in the river the amount of sediment increases because of the increased erosion. A number of fish species cannot endure the high amount of sediment and moves off. The habitat is thus changed or in the process of changing. Thus one needs to understand that the root of the problem (removal of groundcover) is assessed in terms of the degree of change in the health of the environment and/or components in relation to their conservation value. Thus if the impact of removal of groundcover of a definable system is high and the conservation value is also high then the impact of removal of groundcover is highly significant.

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 2010 Regulations promulgated in terms of Sections 24 (5), 24M and 44 of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act 107 of 1998) requires that all identified potential impacts associated with the proposed project be assessed in terms of their overall potential significance on the natural, social and economic environments. The criteria identified in the EIA Regulations (2010) include the following:

 Nature of the impact;  Extent of the impact;  Duration of the impact  Probability of the impact occurring;  Degree to which impact can be reversed;  Degree to which impact may cause irreplaceable loss of resources;  Degree to which the impact can be mitigated; and  Cumulative impacts.

8.2.2 ENVASS Impact Assessment Methodology

(a) Nature of the impact

The NATURE of an impact can be defined as: “a brief description of the impact being assessed, in terms of the proposed activity or project, including the socio-economic or environmental aspect affected by this impact”.

(b) The status of the impact:

STATUS Status Description Positive A benefit to the holistic environment

Negative A cost to the holistic environment Neutral No cost or benefit to the holistic environment

The MAGNITUDE of an impact can be defined as: “a brief description of the intensity or amplitude of the impact on socio- economic or environmental aspects”.

Determining the magnitude of an impact MAGNITUDE Magnitude Score Description Zero 1 Natural and/or social functions and/or Magnitude / intensity of processes remain unaltered impact (at the specified Very low 2 Natural and/or social functions and/or scale) processes are negligibly altered Low 3 Natural and/or social functions and/or processes are slightly altered Medium 4 Natural and/or social functions and/or processes are notably altered High 5 Natural and/or social functions and/or processes severely altered

(d) Extent of the impact

The EXTENT of an impact can be defined as: “a brief description of the spatial influence of the impact or the area that will be affected by the impact”.

Determining the extent of an impact EXTENT Extent Score Description Footprint 1 Only as far as the activity, such as footprint occurring within the total site area Extent or spatial influence of Site 2 Only the site and/or 500m radius from the site impact will be affected Local 3 Local area / district (neighbouring properties, transport routes and adjacent towns) is affected Region 4 Entire region / province is affected National 5 Country is affected

(e) Duration of the impact

The DURATION of an impact can be defined as: “a short description of the period of time the impact will have an effect on aspects”.

Determining the duration of an impact Extent Score Description DURATION Short term 1 Less than 2 years

Duration of the impact Short to medium 2 2 – 5 years term Medium term 3 6 – 25 years Long term 4 26 – 45 years Permanent 5 46 years or more

(f) Probability of the impact occurring

The PROBABILITY of an impact can be defined as: “the estimated chance of the impact happening”.

Determining the probability of an impact Probability Score Description PROBABILITY Unlikely 1 Unlikely to occur (0 – 15% probability of impact occurring) Possible 2 May occur (15 – 40% chance of occurring) Probable 3 Likely to occur (40– 60% chance of occurring) Highly Probable 4 Between 60% and 85% sure that the impact will occur Definite 5 Will certainly occur (85 - 100% chance of occurring)

(g) Degree to which impact can be reversed

The REVERSABILITY of an impact can be defined as: “the ability of an impact to be changed from a state of affecting aspects to a state of not affecting aspects”.

Determining the probability of an impact REVERSIBILITY Reversibility Score Description Completely 1 Will reverse with minimal rehabilitation & reversible negligible residual affects Partly reversible 2 Impacts can be reversed through the implementation of mitigation measures Irreversible 3 Impacts are permanent and can’t be reversed by the implementation of mitigation measures

or rehabilitation is not viable

(h) Degree to which impact may cause irreplaceable loss of resources

The irreplaceability of an impact can be defined as “the amount of resources that can/can’t be replaced”. Irreplaceability = Magnitude + Extent + Duration + Reversibility

IRREPLACEABILITY No loss No loss of any resources Irreplaceable loss of Low Marginal loss or resources resources Medium Significant loss of resources High Complete loss of resources

(i) Degree to which the impact can be mitigated

The degree to which an impact can be MITIGATED can be defined as: “the effect of mitigation measures on the impact and its degree of effectiveness”.

Determining the mitigation rating of an impact MITIGATION MITIGATED High Impact 100% RATING mitigated Degree impact can Medium Impact >50% be mitigated mitigated Low Impact <50% mitigated

(j) Confidence rating

CONFIDENCE in the assessment of an impact can be defined as the:” level of certainty of the impact occurring”.

Determining the confidence rating of an impact CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE Certain Amount of information on and/or RATING understanding of the environmental factors that potentially influence the impact is unlimited and sound Sure Amount of information on and/or understanding of the environmental factors that potentially influence the impact is reasonable and relatively sound Unsure Amount of information on and/or understanding of the environmental factors that potentially influence the impact is limited

(k) Cumulative impacts

The effect of CUMULATIVE impacts can be described as:” the effect the combination of past, present and “reasonably foreseeable” future actions have on aspects”.

Determining the confidence rating of an impact CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE Low Minor cumulative RATING EFFECTS effects Medium Moderate cumulative effects High Significant cumulative effects

8.2.3 Significance of Impacts

The SIGNIFICANCE can be defined as:” the combination of the duration and importance of the impact, in terms of physical and socio-economic extent, resulting in an indicative level of mitigation required”. The significance of an impact is determined as follows: Significance = Irreversibility x Probability

Table 8: Significance Rating Score Significance Description 0 Neutral Zero magnitude with any combination of extent and duration. 1 to 20 Very low Low magnitude with a site specific extent and short term duration; OR Very low magnitude with any combination of extent and duration except regional and long term duration.

21 to 40 Low High magnitude with a site specific extent and short term duration; OR Low magnitude with any combination of extent and duration except site specific and short term duration or regional and long term duration; OR Medium magnitude with a site specific extent and short term duration; OR Very low magnitude with a site specific extent and long term duration. 41 to 60 Medium High magnitude with a local extent and medium term duration; OR High magnitude with a regional extent and short term duration / a site specific extent and long term duration; OR High magnitude with a regional extent and short term duration / a site specific extent and long term duration; OR High magnitude with either a local extent and construction period duration or a site specific extent and medium term duration; OR Low magnitude with a regional extent and long term

Score Significance Description duration; OR Medium magnitude with any combination of extent and duration extent site specific and construction period or regional and long term.

61 to 80 High High magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration; OR High magnitude with either a regional extent and medium term duration / a local extent and long term duration; OR Medium magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration. 81 to 100 Very high High magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration; OR High magnitude with either a regional extent / long term duration.

Refer to Annexure 3 for the impact assessment table for the significance rating of each environmental and social impacts

8.3 Indication of the phases (construction, operational, decommissioning) and estimated time frames in relation to the potential impacts rated

Please refer to Table 6 for the phases

Please refer to Annexure 3 for the impacts applicable to each phase of mining

REGULATION 50 (d)

9. IDENTIFICATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USES WHICH WILL BE IMPACTED UPON

Agriculture is the only alternative land use that could be impacted upon. No other land use was identified that could be affected.

9.1 Listed results of a specialist comparative land use assessment

No comparative land use assessment was conducted for the report. However the decision to undertake mining as opposed to leaving the area as is for agricultural purposes was informed by a cost benefit analysis as well as an assessment of the economic and financial viability of the proposed mining.

REGULATION 50 (e)

10. LIST OF ALL THE SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AS IDENTIFIED IN THE ASSESSMENT CONDUCTED IN TERMS OF REGULATION 50 (C)

Significant impacts are defined as all impacts with a high impact rating before mitigation and / or all impacts with a medium or higher rating after mitigation.

Refer to Annexure 3 for the impact assessment table listing all the significant impacts and their significance ratings.

REGULATION 50 (f)

11. IDENTIFICATION OF INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES (INCLUDING THE COMMUNITY, AND LIST AS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SCOPING REPORT GUIDELINE AND IDENTIFIED IN THE SCOPING REPORT)

Public Participation is the involvement of all parties who are either potentially interested or affected by the proposed development. The principle objective of public participation is to inform and enrich decision-making. This is also its key role in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

Public Participation was conducted as part of the original mining right application, which included all portions of the proposed extension of the mine.

Interested and Affected Parties identified at the time include:

DMR : Department of Mineral Resources DWS : Department of Water and Sanitation DEA : Department of Environmental Affairs DAFF : Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Local Municipality Rand Water Neighbours: PR de Bruin J Olivier JS Minnaar (Kanhym Agrimills)

12. THE DETAILS OF THE ENGAGEMENT PROCESS (INCLUDING THE COMMUNITY, AND LIST AS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SCOPING REPORT GUIDELINE AND IDENTIFIED IN THE SCOPING REPORT AND ANY FURTHER CONSULTATION SINCE THE COMPILATION OF THE SCOPING REPORT)

Public Participation was conducted as part of the original mining right application, which included all portions of the proposed extension of the mine.

12.1 Consultation and correspondence with I&APs and stakeholders

Public Participation was conducted as part of the original mining right application, which included all portions of the proposed extension of the mine.

12.2 Details regarding the manner in which the issues raised were addressed. (Include all the items to be included in the list referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Public Participation was conducted as part of the original mining right application, which included all portions of the proposed extension of the mine.

REGULATION 50 (g)

13. THE APPROPRIATE MITIGATORY MEASURES FOR EACH SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATIONS

Refer to Table 15 and Table 16 listing all the mitigatory measures

13.1 Adequacy of predictive methods utilised

The environment that is likely to be affected by the proposed project was assessed and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has covered all prevailing conditions of the environmental aspects identified, including cumulative impacts. It is believed that the environment is well understood. Hence, no significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of the current state of the environment, EIA and the Environmental Management Programme.

Due to the nature of the existing environment, the local conditions of the area, and professional expertise, it is believed that the predictive measures are suitable and contain no limitations.

13.2 Adequacy of underlying assumptions

It is believed that the environment is well understood. Hence, no significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of the current state of the environment, EIA and the Environmental Management Programme. A survey of the assumptions made in this report and reports from specialists, shows that these assumptions are all based on the precautionary approach and are all deemed adequate.

13.3 Uncertainties in the information provided

It is believed that the environment is well understood. Hence, no significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of the current state of the environment. Due to the nature of the existing environment, the local conditions of the area, and professional expertise, it is believed that the predictive measures are suitable and contain no limitations. Further work would be constantly undertaken in the mining fraternity and investigations in parallel with the impacts presented in this report could change, should new information become available, this would affect the project description thus the proposed project would require refinement which will be communicated with the responsible authorities.

REGULATION 50 (h)

14. ARRANGEMENTS FOR MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

14.1 List of identified impacts which will require monitoring programmes

Please refer to Table 16 and 17 for all impacts which will require monitoring programmes

14.2 Functional requirements for the said monitoring programmes

The purpose of the monitoring programmes is to review the mine’s impact on various aspects of the environment and to report on changes needed to the management programme as proposed in this report.

As a general approach, the mine will ensure that the monitoring programmes comprise the following:

 a formal procedure;  appropriately calibrated equipment;  where samples require analysis they will be preserved according to laboratory specifications;  an accredited, independent, commercial laboratory will undertake sample analyses;  parameters to be monitored will be identified in consultation with a specialist in the field and/or the relevant authority;  if necessary, following the initial monitoring results, certain parameters may be removed from the monitoring programme in consultation with a specialist and/or the relevant authority;  monitoring data will be stored in a structured database;  Data will be interpreted and reports on trends in the data will be compiled by an appropriately qualified person on a monthly basis; and both the data and the reports will be kept on record for the life of mine.

14.2.1 Surface Water Monitoring Functional Requirements

The following parameters will be monitored:

Conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand, aluminium, ammonia, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, phosphate, sodium, sulphate and E coli.

These parameters have been selected as they are the water quality parameters monitored for in the Barrage Reservoir catchment. It must be noted that dissolved oxygen, atrazine and phenols are also measured for the Barrage Reservoir catchment. However, it is not recommended for monitoring by Sky Sands as these are highly specialized tests and it is highly unlikely that a sand mine will contribute to problems resulting from these parameters.

Samples will be taken quarterly at the locations listed in Table 9 below.

Table 9: Surface water monitoring points Identification Latitude Longitude Vaal River Downstream RDS 26˚ 43’ 53.0” 27˚ 59’ 35.3”

Vaal River Upstream RUS 26˚ 46’ 20.9” 28˚ 00’ 50.2”

Old Pit OP 26˚ 45’ 12.3” 28˚ 01’ 16.1” Downstream water pit DWP 26˚ 44’ 49.0” 28˚ 00’ 42.7” Settlement dam SD 26˚ 44’ 58.9” 28˚ 01’ 20.2” Wash water dam WD 26˚ 44’ 49.6” 28˚ 01’ 09.3”

14.2.2 Groundwater Monitoring Functional Requirements:

As the borehole under consideration is used for drinking water it is important that the water quality conforms to the SANS 241: 2011 standards for drinking water.

Table 10: Groundwater monitoring point Borehole Identification Latitude Longitude

Potable water offices PWO 26˚44’ 08.4” 28˚01’ 22.2”

14.2.3 Dust Monitoring Functional Requirements:

- An ambient monitoring network provides management with an indication of what the increase (or decrease) in ground level concentrations and dust fallout are. - According to the National Dust Control Regulations (GG 36974 of 1 November 2013), dust monitoring must be done in accordance with the ASTM D1739-98 (2010) Standard Test Method for Collection and Measurement of Dust fall (Settleable Particulate Matter) and the South African National Standards 1929:2011 (Ambient Air Quality – limits for common pollution). - A Gravimetric Dust Monitoring programme must be implemented on-site as stipulated in section 4 of GN 827 – National Dust Control Regulations, in terms of section 53(o), read with section 32 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004). - A minimum of eight dust buckets must be erected around the site in the eight main wind directions; and

- Monthly monitoring and reporting of dust fallout is required as detailed in ASTM D1739:1970, or equivalent method approved by an internationally recognized body.

Table 11: Four-band scale evaluation criteria for dust deposition (SANS 1929:2004) Band Band Classification Dust fallout rate Comment Number Description (D)(mg/m2/day, 30 day Level average)

1 Residential Ideal D > 600 Permissible for residential and light commercial.

2 Industrial Acceptable 600 < D < 1200 Permissible for heavy commercial and industrial.

Requires investigation and remediation if two 3 Action Tolerable 1200 < D < 2400 sequential months lie in this band, or more than three occur in a year.

Immediate action and remediation required followed 4 Alert Unacceptable 2440 < D the first incidence of dust fallout rate being exceeded. Incidents report is submitted to the relevant authority.

Dust buckets of a standard size and shape are prepared and set up at locations on the borders of the property, relating to the main compass points, so that dust can settle in them for periods of 30 +/- 2 days. The dust buckets are sealed on-site and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The masses of the water-soluble and insoluble components of the material collected are then determined and results are reported as mg/m2/day. This methodology is described according to the South Africa National Standards 1929:2011 and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Designation: D 1739-98 (2010) standards. The results for this method of testing are obtained by gravimetric weighing. The apparatus required for this type of monitoring include open-top buckets / containers no less than 150 mm in diameter with a height of no less than twice its diameter. The buckets must be placed on a stand at a height of 2 +/- 0.2 m above the ground.

The National Dust Control Regulations identified the permissible amount of gravimetric dust fallout for residential areas and non- residential areas as indicated in Table 11 above as the first two bands.

Reporting:

Monthly air quality report will be required as per the regulations to:

- Ensure that the environmental mitigation and control measures are implemented; - Monitor environmental performance of the mining operations; - Tracking of progress due to pollution control measure implementation; - Verify compliance with all relevant legal and statutory requirements; - Promote environmental education and protection; and

- Determine sources of significant pollution.

Table 12: Functional requirements for monitoring programmes Programme Requirements:

Waste dumps and water dams Registered Professional Engineer According to legislative standards and methods River health and bio- As there are no process water releases in the Vaal River no bio-monitoring has been monitoring implemented. Biodiversity Independent qualified specialist according to legislative standards and methods. Groundwater Independent qualified specialist The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) Domestic Class I and II limits, based on the SANS 241:2011 drinking water standard Surface water quality According to the approved IWWMP - refer to Section 14.2.1 above. Groundwater and surface According to the approved IWWMP – refer to Section 14.2.2 above water quantity Air Quality Independent qualified specialist – Refer to Section 14.2.3 above According to the National Dust Control Regulations, 2013 (published in GNR 827 in GG 36974 of 1 November 2013), dust monitoring must be done in accordance with the ASTM D1739-98 (2010) Standard Test Method for Collection and Measurement of Dust fall (Settle-able Particulate Matter) and the South African National Standards 1929:2011 (Ambient Air Quality – limits for common pollution). Noise Levels Independent qualified specialist With a calibrated, integrating noise level meter and will be done according to the relevant SANS Standards.

14.3 Roles and responsibilities for the execution of the monitoring programmes

The roles and responsibilities for the execution of the monitoring programmes are defined below:

Applicant who will:

 Ensure that the monitoring programmes are scoped and included in the annual mine budget;  Identify and appoint appropriately qualified environmental specialists to undertake the programmes; and  Appoint specialists in a timeously manner to ensure work can be carried out to acceptable standards;  Establish and maintain good working relations with surrounding communities and landowners; and  Facilitate stakeholder communication, information sharing and grievance mechanism.

14.3.1 Time frames for monitoring and reporting

Table 13: Timeframe for monitoring and reporting Programme Timeframe and frequency Reporting*

Alien Vegetation All project phases Annually by independent practitioner Annually Groundwater All project phases Quarterly and annually by independent practitioner Monthly (water levels), quarterly (water Annually to the Department of Water and qualities), annually (update groundwater Sanitation model and climatic water balance) Surface Monthly (water levels), quarterly (water Quarterly and annually by independent practitioner water qualities) Annually Annually to the Department of Water and Sanitation

Air Quality All project phases Monthly as well as Quarterly reports to be compiled by independent practitioner and Monthly (dust) annually by specialist. Noise Levels All project phases Annually by independent practitioner Annually * The requirements of any water use license and any other authorisation take precedence over these timeframes.

REGULATION 50 (i)

15. Technical and supporting information (Include all the items to be included in the list referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Annexure 1: Specialist Reports

Annexure 1.1: Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (Golder, 2014)

Annexure 1.2: Wetlands Assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2014)

Annexure 1.3: Vegetation Study (Hoare, 2009)

Annexure 1.4: Avifaunal specialist assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2009)

Annexure 1.5: Amphibian and reptile specialist assessment (Galago Environmental, 2009)

Annexure 1.6: Cultural and Heritage Impact Assessment (Coetzee, 2009)

Annexure 2: Maps and GIS

Annexure 3: Impact Assessment Table

Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations

Annexure 5: Emergency Response Procedure

Annexure 6: Spill Procedure

SECTION 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

REGULATION 51 (a)

16. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR MINE CLOSURE

Closure goals for Sky Sands depend on whether or not Panfontein Colliery (Richtrau 253 (Pty) Ltd) will exercise its prospecting right for coal over the mining area. In the case where they do, the site will be left in a state that will facilitate coal prospecting and mining. In the case where they do not, closure plans will take advantage of the high water table which, in combination with excavations, creates artificial wetlands. It is hoped that the artificial wetland could be used to blend into future recreational development of the area.

It is important to note that the owner of the mine is also the land owner, hence it is in the owner’s best interest to ensure that mine closure facilitates future land uses. The closure objective of Sky Sands is to operate in such a way that the site can be utilised after closure.

In order to meet this objective the mine must reach a balance between maximising the extraction of reserves and mining to accommodate a viable closure option. Mining operations are removing sand which is exposing the perched groundwater, creating a manmade wetland over historic mining areas. Since the start of the mining operations, the birdlife on the farm has dramatically increased due to the creation of the artificial wetlands. Based on the outcome of the historic mining activities the closure proposal for the mine is as follows:

 The creation of a recreation facility making use of the river frontage and the benefits of the manmade wetlands. Un- mined areas within the mining license area can continue to be used for farming / grazing purposes.  It is important to note that Panfontein Colliery (Richtrau 253 (Pty) Ltd) have a prospecting right for coal which is located underneath the sand reserves. Should Panfontein Colliery (Richtrau 253 (Pty) Ltd) in future apply to mine the coal reserves, then the closure objective would be amended to leave the site in such a way that future coal mining can take place.

The mine has an anticipated life of mine of 40 years. Based on this potentially long life of mine the objectives of the mine during the operation phase is to:

 Investigate the feasibility of the closure options and over time move from a vague closure option to a more site specific closure option that is economically, socially and environmentally acceptable. Regularly consult with the integrated development plan of the area to ensure that the closure options are compatible with the regional planning requirements  Maintain communication with I & APs concerning desired closure options for the site.  Ensure that the mine catches up on historic rehabilitation and implements concurrent rehabilitation. Ensure that the financial provision requirements for the closure options are catered for.

As long as unexpected closure does not occur the mine will start to develop a detailed closure plan 2 years prior to known closure. This will be to ensure that the final life of mining can be conducted in such a way to complement the future land use after mining. The following overarching goals and objectives will be used to generate the detailed closure of the mine:

 The relevant legislation of the time of when closure is implemented will be adhered to.  The safety and health of humans and animals are safeguarded from hazards resulting from the mining operations.  The final closure plan will be formulated to align with the integrated development plan of the region at the time of closure.  Sky Sands will ensure that a detailed consultation process is undertaken with all interested and affected parties and the view raised by the interested and affected parties will be considered when finalising closure plans.  All infrastructure and buildings with no economic use at the end of the life of the mine will be demolished and removed from site.  The mine will be closed efficiently and cost effectively.  The cost of implementing closure will be covered by the financial provision set aside during the life of the mine.

Sky Sands recognises the socio-economic impacts associated with mine closure. As the mine draws closer to closure, the social and labour plan will place more emphasis on future sustainable projects in the region and the multi-skilling of the workforce to minimise the socio-economic impacts associated with closure.

16.1 Environmental aspects that describe the pre-mining environment

The following aspects describe the pre-mining environment, this list serves to guide the setting of environmental objectives for mine closure:  Topographical features;  Soils that support agricultural potential and hydromorphic soils;  Biodiversity that ranges in sensitivity from very low to high based on vegetation communities, vertebrate and invertebrate groups identified on site;  Heritage features;  Perennial and non-perennial patterns; and  Moderate to good groundwater quality.

16.2 Measures required to contain or remedy any causes of pollution or degradation or the migration of pollutants, both for closure of the mine and post-closure.

The following measures are required to contain and or remedy pollution:

 Implement a waste management procedure for general and hazardous waste on site in accordance with the Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (Golder, 2014) refer to Annexure 1.1;

 Ensure immediate clean-up of any spills as per the emergency response procedures in accordance with the Emergency Plan, refer to Section 22.6;  Establish and maintain dirty stormwater control measures in line with regulatory requirements, until such time as potentially polluting area are rehabilitated;  Contain pollutants at source by storing and handling potentially polluting substances on impermeable substrates, within bunded areas and with the capacity to contain spills;  Design, construct and operate future waste dumps with runoff control measures; and  Rehabilitate the site in line with a detailed closure plan.

For further detailed mitigation measures also refer to Table 15 and Table 16

17. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EMANATING FROM THE PROPOSED MINING OPERATION. (AS INFORMED BY THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE EIA IN TERMS OF REGULATION 50 (H)).

In the spirit of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002), the Mine’s objective is to change their attitude from one of compliance with environmental legislation to one of maximising the benefits of compliance.

Through the impact assessment it has been determined that the most significant impacts associated with the mine is the impact due to the removal of topsoil and vegetation and the impact on water. To date approximately 60 hectares of land has been disturbed with very little concurrent rehabilitation being performed. The reason for the lack of rehabilitation of the currently disturbed area is due to the fact that perched groundwater table has restricted the mine from removing all the sand reserves from the mining area. It is the intention of the mine to re-visit the disturbed areas and rework them to ensure maximum extraction of sand reserves. Only after an area has been completely mined will rehabilitation be implemented.

Based on the impact assessment and the description of the receiving environment the overarching goals and objectives that Sky Sands will aim to achieve are as follows:

 Historical rehabilitation to be conducted of all previously mind areas;  The mine has a mine plan to undertake mining whereby concurrent rehabilitation forms an integral part of the mining process. Mine planning will recognise sensitive environmental features such as the Vaal River and natural wetlands. Mining will be prohibited in environmentally sensitive areas.  The mine recognises that many environmental impacts are cause due to lack of knowledge from employees and hence will implement an environmental awareness plan that aims to educate individual employees about the potential impact on the environment that their job can have and how to implement preventative measures to either avoid or minimise the severity of the impact.  The mine recognises that in order to consider the social environment (employees and interested and affected parties) open lines of communication need to be establish. The goal for the mine going forward will be to actively seek feedback

from interested and affected parties and act on the feedback to ensure that the mine at all times is considering the concerns of interested and affected parties.

The above overarching environmental objectives will be achieved through the implementation of the management measures prescribed in.

17.1 List of identified impacts which will require monitoring programmes

All the activities identified as having an impact will be monitored on a monthly basis. The findings from these monitoring sessions will be included into an annual (or as specified by DMR) performance assessment. Performance and compliance levels will be measured against the acceptable limits as specific by law and or applicable SANAS standards.

Please refer to Table 13

17.2 List of the source activities that are the cause of the impacts which require to be managed

All mining related activities inclusive of construction of mine infrastructure, the operational phase, closure and post closure phase are considered to constitute source activities that cause impacts. A summary list of such activities is provided below:  Site preparation;  Power supply infrastructure;  Loading and unloading of material;  Road use and maintenance;  Excavation of open cast pits;  Hydrocarbon and other hazardous chemical substance offloading, storage, handling and disposal;  Product stockpile areas; and  Support facilities.

Please refer to Annexure 3 for the impact tables indicating the source activities which will require monitoring programmes

17.3 Management activities which, where applicable, will be conducted daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually or periodically as the case may be in order to control any action, activity or process which causes pollution or environmental degradation

Please refer to Annexure 3 for the impact tables for management activities which will require monitoring programmes including the frequency also refer to Table 13, Table 15Table 15, Table 16 and Error! Reference source not found. and Sections 14.3 and 17.4.

17.4 The roles and responsibilities for the execution of the monitoring and management programmes

17.4.1 EMPr organisational structure: roles and responsibilities

The Applicant, with assistance from the Site Manager (SM), is responsible for the implementation of the EMPr and for internal compliance monitoring of the EMPr. The Site Manager will be responsible for fulfilling the duties of internal Environmental Control Officer (ECO), who will monitor and facilitate compliance with the EMPr and other conditions of approval as they relate to environmental matters. All employees must inform the SM immediately of events that have/will cause serious environmental damage or of any breaches of the EMPr and approval. The SM will then inform the Applicant which must then immediately inform the Competent Authority (CA) within 24 hours and the Local Authority of such events and the measures taken to address them.

Table 14: Role and Responsibilities ROLE-PLAYER RESPONSIBILITIES Authority The Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) is the designated authority responsible for authorising this EMP. DMR has the overall responsibility for ensuring that the Applicant complies with the conditions of the approval and the EMP. DMR shall also be responsible for approving any amendments to the EMPr (if required). DMR may also perform random site inspections to confirm compliance with the EMP. Applicant Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd as the Applicant has overall responsibility for compliance with the EMPr as it is a fundamental component of the authorisation requirements for the project. The Applicant must:  Ensure that relevant authorisations and permits are obtained prior to the commencement of activities that have not been authorised;  Ensure compliance with the EMPr and conditions of the approval;  Ensure that there are sufficient resources (people and money) to manage and monitor the environmental issues related to the development;  Ensure that employees are appropriately briefed and that their appointment includes environmental requirements as relevant;  Ensure that he/she is kept fully informed of the performance of the project against the requirements of the EMP;  Ensure that appropriate action is taken where consistent incidents of non- compliance are taking place;  Ensure that any corrective action required by the Authorities is implemented;  Ensure that any proposed changes to the EMPr are communicated in writing to the Authorities for approval;  Give written notice to DMR prior to the commencement of activities on site; and  A hardcopy of the EMPr shall also be kept on site to access at all times.

Site Manager The SM’s responsibilities include the following: (Internal Officer /  Know the background of the project, and monitor the implementation of the person responsible EMP; for the  Education of staff and to raise awareness on environmental requirements implementation of relating to the site and onsite activities;

ROLE-PLAYER RESPONSIBILITIES the EMPR)  Act as a guide and advisor to the employees on environmental issues during the operational phase;  Conduct periodic auditing of the project for adherence to the EMPr, identification of problem areas and provision of action plans to avoid costly stoppages and/or further environmental damage;  Ensure that open communication lines exists to DMR or other identified authorities and the external Environmental Control Officer (ECO) for reporting of any significant environmental incidents and rapidly resolving any problems or complaints from the public;  Ensure that any proposed changes are communicated in writing to the authorities for approval; and  Ensure the protection and rehabilitation of the surrounding environment during all phases of mining prescribed in the EMPr;  Review and approval of method statements;  Record keeping of environmental incidents/issues on site;  Upkeep of complaints register;  Ensure that all environmental incidents reported are dealt with timeously and effectively;  Completing start-up and site closure checklists; and  Keeping a photographic record of progress on site from an environmental perspective for the ECO (external).

External The ECO is responsible for: Environmental Control Officer  Facilitation and monitoring of EMPr requirements and approval conditions;  Keeping a photographic record of progress on site from an environmental perspective. Conduct regular site visits (monthly or as stipulated in the approval) during the operational and decommissioning phases to be able to report and respond to any environmental issues;  Report compliance and non-compliance issues to the Competent Authority (DMR) as applicable;  Advises the applicant / Site Manager on environmental issues within the defined work areas;  Review access and incidents records pertaining to the environment and reconcile the entries with the observations made during site inspection, monitoring and auditing;  Take immediate action on site where clearly defined and agreed “No-Go” areas are violated or in danger of being violated and to inform the Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd representative of the occurrence immediately and to take action;  Recommend corrective actions when required for aspects of non-compliance with the EMPr;  Be contactable by the public regarding matters of environmental concern as they relate to the operation of the works; and  Take immediate action on site when prescriptive conditions are violated, or in danger of being violated and to inform Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd representative of

ROLE-PLAYER RESPONSIBILITIES the occurrence and action taken. Monitoring  Conduct regular site visits to be able to report on and respond to the monitoring Specialists data obtained on dust fallout level, water quality and quantity, biodiversity etc.;  Advise the applicant on dust fallout, water quality and other issues;  Recommend corrective actions when required for aspects of non-compliance with regards to dust fallout levels and water quality.

18. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AS IDENTIFIED IN THE SOCIAL AND LABOUR PLAN. (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT)

Sky Sands has made the following commitments for objectives and targets in terms of socio-economic objectives:

 Injury Rates: To maintain zero injury rate of employees and to investigate all accidents and incidents.  Employees: Induction training for all; Incorporating safety, environmental concerns and an AIDS awareness programme.

Social and economic goals and objectives will be set and continually reviewed and if necessary revised in the social and labour plan of Sky Sands. Other socio-economic goals which Sky Sands will aim to achieve are linked to the mining charter which includes:

Human Resource Development:

 To ensure that all employees are functionally literate;  To implement career development paths for all employees; and  To implement mentorship schemes for all employees.

Employment equity:

 To annually report on employment equity;  To achieve 40% Historically Disadvantaged South Africans (HDSAs) participation in management;  To identify and fast track a talent pool; and  To achieve 10% women in mining.

Local economic development

 To align local economic development projects with the local integrated development plan.

Procurement

 To give HDSA suppliers preferential status.

Ownership

 To ensure that the company is 26% owned by HDSAs.

For goals and objectives in terms of cultural heritage resources, please refer to Section 19.

19. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS FOR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

19.1 Environmental objectives and goals in respect of historical and cultural aspects identified in specialist studies conducted during the EIA phase

To conserve the building dating from the historic era and associated infrastructure and features, the tree older than 60 years planted by Harry Oppenheimer and the six graveyards with approximately 122 graves in total.

Mitigation measures that will be implemented to achieve the above objectives are the following:

Site 1:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains a number of graves.

 A buffer zone of minimum 20 metres should be maintained during current mining activities;  The graveyard must be fenced off and a gate installed for access; and  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented: - Phase 2 investigation - Social consultation - Exhumation and reburial

Site 2:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains approximately 17 graves.

Site 3:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains approximately 7 graves.

Site 4:

A historic multi-room brick house (approximately 10 m x 10 m) with a corrugated iron roof. Probably older than 60 years.

 The site should be fenced off and a 20 metres buffer zone should be maintained  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented: - Survey and mapping of the site; - Phase 2 investigation; and - Permit from SAHRA for destruction.

Site 5:

The site consists of a multi-room brick house (4 m x 8 m) with a corrugated cement roof. No objectives or goals for this site as it is not protected under any legislation.

Site 6:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains approximately 40 graves.

 A buffer zone of minimum 20 metres should be maintained during current mining activities;  Should mining expand into this area the graveyard must be fenced off and a gate installed for access; and  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented: - Phase 2 investigation; - Social consultation; and - Exhumation and reburial.

Site 7:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains approximately 7 graves.

 A buffer zone of minimum 20 metres should be maintained during current mining activities;

 Should mining expand into this area the graveyard must be fenced off and a gate installed for access; and  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented: - Phase 2 investigation; - Social consultation; and - Exhumation and reburial.

Site 8:

The site consists of a tree that was according to oral tradition planted by Harry Oppenheimer in the 1940s or 1950s.

The tree is isolated in the open area next to the administrative buildings. The tree may not be disturbed, if this is unavoidable, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) need to be contacted for the proper procedures and approval.

Site 9:

Graveyard consisting of a graveyard which contains approximately 51 graves.

Should any artefacts or remains be unearthed by mining or related activities, operations should cease immediately; the area fenced off and SAHRA notified promptly. Should it be discovered that the artefact or remains are of cultural significance the area must be excluded from the proposed development in order to preserve the sites. The ideal situation would be to ‘utilise’ the heritage as part of the identity/image of the development.

REGULATION 51 (B) – OUTLINE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME

20. THE APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS CHOSEN FOR EACH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION AND HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT IN EACH PHASE OF THE MINING OPERATION, AS FOLLOWS

20.1 Actions, activities or processes, including any NEMA EIA Regulation listed activities, which cause pollution or environmental degradation. (Include all the items to be included in the list referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Refer to Annexure 3 for a list of above

20.2 Concomitant list of appropriate technical or management options chosen to modify, remedy, control or stop any action, activity, or process which will cause significant impacts on the environment, socio-economic conditions and historical and cultural aspects as identified. (Attach detail of each technical or management option as

Table 15 contains management measures to be applied during the operational phase and Table 16 during the decommissioning, closure and post-closure phases.

Please note: The activity numbers in column 2 of both tables refers to the numbers given to source activities in the Impact Tables attached as Annexure 3. The rows in blue indicate positive impacts.

Table 15: Mitigation measures / management actions for the operational phase No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection 1. Activity 3, Sub- Topography Alteration of - - - - activity 3.2, topography 2. Activity 10 Topography Re-contouring  Monitor, especially after first heavy rain fall to ensure adequate surface Environmental Inspect area After rainfall of area for free water drainage. Manager for erosion surface water and pooling drainage 3. Activity 2, Sub- Soils and Contamination  All vehicles and machinery will be regularly serviced to ensure they are in Environmental & Ensure Every 6 activity 2.1, agricultural of soils through proper working condition and to reduce risk of leaks; Site Manager vehicles and months Activity 3, Sub- potential accidental  All leaks will be cleaned up immediately using an absorbent material and machinery activity 3.1, 3.2, spillage of spill kits, in the prescribed manner; service plans 3.3, 3,4 & Activity chemicals such  The spill procedure in Annexure 6 must be implemented whenever spills are 4, Sub-activity 4.2 as hydrocarbon- occur. maintained. based fuels, oils or lubricants spilled from vehicles. 4. Activity 6, Sub- Soils and Contamination  The French drains need to be phased out and replaced by septic tanks; Environmental & Ensure Monthly activity 6.3 agricultural of soils through  The septic tanks should have sufficient capacity for the sewage load; Site Manager sewage potential accidental  The septic tanks should be emptied regularly (honeysucked) by a infrastructure spillage of reputable contractor (Sucking Sewerage CC); and and capacity sewage or leaks  Regular checkups/monitoring and maintenance of sewage infrastructure to is sufficient be conducted to ensure there are no leaks or overflows. and maintained. 5. Activity 2, Sub- Soils and Compaction of  Activity should be limited to area of disturbance. Where required the Environmental & Inspect area Monthly activity 2.1, agricultural soils by heavy compacted soils should be disked to an adequate depth and re-vegetated Site Manager for soil Activity 3, Sub- potential vehicles and with indigenous plants; compaction activity 3.1, 3.2, machinery.  Soils compacted, should be deeply ripped at least to a depth of 300mm to 3.3, 3,4 & Activity loosen compacted layers and re-graded to even running levels. 4, Activity 4.2 6. Activity 2, Sub- Soils and Loss and Stripping of topsoil: Environmental & Inspect area Weekly activity 2.1, agricultural contamination  Clearing of mining areas to take place a maximum of one month prior to Site Manager for erosion Activity 3, Sub- potential. of topsoil soil intended mining in the area; activity 3.1 through wind  Stripping of topsoil will not take place during rain or and water excessive wind; erosion and  The top 30 cm of vegetation and topsoil is to be stripped from the area to incorrect be mined; stockpiling.  Should topsoil and overburden covering the sand reserves be deeper than 100

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection 30 cm, then the top 30cm will first be removed. Once the topsoil is set aside, only then will the overburden (between the topsoil, formally above, and sand reserves below) be moved. Storage of topsoil / overburden:  Topsoil (top 30cm) is to be stored in predetermined topsoil berms, (+/- 5m outside the boundary of the specific area;  The topsoil berm must not be located in any surface water channel, wetland or any area demarcated for future mining or haul roads;  Topsoil stockpiles will be restricted to 1.5 to 2m in height;  Should there be overburden below the topsoil and above the sand reserves, the overburden will be stored separately but adjacent to the topsoil stockpile. Maintenance and monitoring of topsoil stockpiles:  The mine should aim to use the stored topsoil as soon as possible in concurrent rehabilitation, after the area it has been stripped from, has been mined;  If topsoil cannot be used in concurrent rehabilitation within 6 months of it being stripped, then the mine must:

 Re-vegetate topsoil storage berms. Should it not occur naturally within 1 year, additional fertilisation and seeding with indigenous grass is required;  All topsoil stockpiles will be assessed for erosion and alien vegetation;  Should either be discovered, the mine will implement the erosion management plan and the alien vegetation removal plan;  All topsoil stockpiles will be inspected for contamination with pollutants such as litter, foreign material, rubble, tyres and any waste. Should it be discovered, the pollutant must be removed immediately and dealt with depending on the pollutant;  Polluted topsoil should be disposed of at a licensed landfill site. 7. Activity 10 Soils Soils replaced  Ensure soils are replaced to an adequate depth and ensure soil quality is SM Monitor after Monitor and ameliorated adequate. replacement after of soils replacement of soils throughout

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No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection concurrent rehabilitatio n. 8. Activity 3, Sub- Groundwater Potential In accordance with Government Notice 704 (GN 704), the onsite management Environmental & Ensure Every 6 activity 3.1, 3.2, and Surface hydrocarbon should: Site Manager vehicles and months 3.3, 3.4, Activity water quality contamination  Keep clean and dirty water separated; machinery 4, Sub-activity from  Contain any dirty water within a system; and service plans 4.2, Activity 5, hydrocarbons,  Prevent the contamination of clean water. are Sub-activity 5.1, oil or lubricants maintained. Activity 7, Sub- leaks or spills In order to achieve these objectives, the following stormwater management activity 7.3 and dirty measures must be implemented on the site to ensure that that potential stormwater Stormwater Weekly stormwater impacts are kept to a minimum: management leeching into the  All vehicles and machinery will be regularly serviced to ensure they are in structures water table and proper working condition and to reduce risk of leaks; flowing into  Clean and dirty stormwater needs to be separated. No contaminated water surface water should be allowed to enter the clean stormwater system. Dirty stormwater features via may not be released into the wetlands and should be contained and stormwater treated on site. Should contaminated water enter the wetlands due to runoff. spillages or other unforeseen circumstances a water/wetland quality expert should be consulted regarding implementation of suitable mitigation and/or rehabilitation measures;  The operation and maintenance of the stormwater and waste water containment facilities shall be done in accordance with the requirements of the Integrated Water Use License and IWWMP;  All polluted runoff generated within the stockpiling area must be collected in a pollution control dam and shall be managed accordingly;  All stormwater infrastructure on-site shall be maintained and kept clean throughout the operational period;  Immediate reporting of any polluting or potentially polluting incidents so that appropriate measures can be implemented;  Fuel and oil spills shall be treated immediately by appropriate mop-up products. Several hydrocarbon absorption/remediation products (i.e. Spill kits) must be placed throughout the site;  Use of bunds or traps to ensure full containment of hydrocarbon and other hazardous materials are mandatory;  Any contaminated material is disposed of in an appropriate manner and 102

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection the potential risks associated with such spills are limited;  Site operators and designated staff should be trained to supervise the response to spill incidents;  The spill procedure in Annexure 6 must be implemented;  Exposed surfaces shall be kept to a minimum to minimise the volume of dirty run-off generated;  All operational areas shall be kept clean by regular washing or sweeping and such waste material generated is disposed of accordingly;  Stormwater leaving the site must in no way be contaminated by any substance, whether such substance is a solid, liquid, vapour or gas or a combination thereof which is produced, used, stored, dumped or spilled on the premises;  Strict access procedures must be followed in order to gain access to the property. Access to the dirty water management facilities (all dams) must be limited to authorised employees. Notices prohibiting unauthorized persons from entering the areas, as well as internationally acceptable signs indicating the risks involved in case of an unauthorized entry must be displayed along the boundary fence of these areas;  The SM must conduct weekly visual inspections of stormwater infrastructure and discharging stormwater for the presence of:  Suspended sediment;  Turbidity;  Discoloration;  Emulsification; and  Oil sheen.  All dirty water dams, if any, should be suitably lined to prevent seepage of contaminated water out of the dams;  All hazardous substances should be stored on impervious surfaces that allow for the containment of spills and leakages (e.g. bunded areas). Should spills occur, these should be reported to the SM. Larger spills will require the appointment of specialist clean-up teams to rehabilitate the affected area. No hazardous materials may be stockpiled in any wetland area on site;  Liquid hazardous waste shall be contained and stored according to the following measures:  Storage and classification of hazardous waste to be in accordance 103

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection with the waste classification and management regulations GNR 634- 635;  A designated skip for all hazardous waste must be made available on site. Skips should also be closed - no rain water to enter the skips; and  All drip trays / bunds / other temporary storage containers must be inspected for freeboard after rain and appropriate spill kits used to remove content;  Increased runoff should be managed using berms and other suitable structures as required to ensure flow velocities are reduced;  All stormwater infrastructure on site shall be maintained and kept clean;  All water discharged to the environment shall first be cleared of hydrocarbons and subsequent release into the environment shall be within the allowable limits as per DWS (DWAF) General Limits.  Removal of spills, rainwater and waste produced during clean-up of the bunds – shall be done in accordance to relevant specifications. 9. Activity 3, Sub- Surface Increased  The Site Manager should ensure that excessive quantities of sand, silt and Environmental & Stormwater Monthly & activity 3.1, 3.2 Water/Vaal sediment runoff silt-laden water do not enter the stormwater system; Site Manager & Management quarterly & River due to incorrect  Design of the stormwater drainage system should ensure that the local Engineer Plan and Annually stormwater and surrounding natural systems are not negatively impacted; structures management.  Appropriate measures, e.g. erection of silt traps, or drainage retention Monitoring areas to prevent silt and sand entering drainage or watercourses should be taken. These measures should be reviewed and audited by the SM;  No wastewater may run freely into any of the surrounding naturally vegetated areas;  Impediments to or blockage of natural water flow should be avoided wherever possible;  All stormwater that would naturally run across the pollution areas shall be diverted via channels and trapezoidal drains designed to contain the 1:50 year flood;  The loss of topsoil must be minimised;  Erosion and subsequent siltation must be limited;  Impedance of the flow of both surface and sub-surface water associated within the drainage areas must be minimised;

 Any drainage channels shall be suitably designed to ensure that erosion 104

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection does not occur;  All areas susceptible to erosion shall be protected and stabilisation measures implemented:  Packing of sandbags, gabions, straw bales or brush to reduce the speed of water flow where water is scouring the topsoil and results in the formation of erosion gullies;  The installation of water cut-off and flow channels, if necessary;  Protection of road crossings across the drainage lines;  A relevant specialist should be consulted prior to the demarcation of drainage lines and the watercourse buffer zone of the wetlands that will not be mined;  “NO ENTRY” signs should be strategically placed along the watercourse buffer zone or other natural or man-made drainage lines which are in close proximity to access routes;  Any surface runoff generated which has a high suspended solid content shall be collected at the point source in an appropriate containment facility, then be allowed to settle before discharge into the environment;  Vegetation clearing and earthworks should be limited to as small an area as possible, preferably no larger than the direct footprint of the current and projected sand mining area;  Bare soil areas falling outside the direct footprint should be landscaped and re-vegetated as soon as possible;  Hydro-seeding with a mix of typical local grass species should be done with regular monitoring to ensure 70% cover in re-vegetated areas within 3 months;  A low berm should be constructed between the current and projected sand mine pits footprints and the downslope wetlands to prevent sediment rich runoff from the construction site entering the wetlands. These berms should thus be constructed prior to the commencement of excavating the open cast pit.  A stormwater management plan must be compiled, and should be approved by DWS and implemented. 10. Activity 3, Sub- Surface water Altered  A stormwater management plan will be drawn up by a suitably qualified Environmental & Stormwater Monthly & activity 3.1, 3.2 drainage person. The plan is to include a detailed description of the stormwater Site Manager & Management quarterly & patterns. management plan, incorporating appropriate maps; Engineer Plan and Annually  The plan must give clear recommendations and indicate the manner in structures 105

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection which the stormwater plan is to be implemented; Monitoring  The plan must stipulate timeframes for implementing its recommendations. 11. Activity 3, Sub- Surface water Decreased  The following guidelines apply: Environmental & Stormwater Monthly & activity 3.1, 3.2 water make to  Limit the footprint of the dirty water areas excluded from the Site Manager & Management quarterly & downslope wetlands and their catchments; Engineer Plan and Annually watercourses  Ensure all clean water is diverted around dirty water areas and mine structures pits and reintroduced to the downstream wetlands in a manner Monitoring approximating pre-development flow characteristics;  Protect discharge points of clean water diversions against erosion and prevent discharge of concentrated, high velocity flows into wetlands;  The volumes of stormwater run-off should be minimised by limiting the area of impermeable surfaces and compacted soils. Where possible, stormwater should be conveyed through grassed swales rather than concrete channels to aid infiltration and reduce run-off volumes;  Where clean stormwater is discharged into wetlands, gabions should be constructed to contain erosion. This should be done in consultation with an appropriate wetland and stormwater specialist. The gabion structure should also include measures to dissipate energy of flows and to disperse flows over a greater area. This could be achieved for example by a delta shaped apron radiating out from the point of discharge at 45 degrees, with energy dissipaters spaced across the apron;  No dirty water should be discharged into receiving watercourses downstream of the site. 12. Activity 3, Sub- Surface water Compaction,  All wetland areas located adjacent to mining areas should be fenced off Environmental EMPR Daily activity 3.1, 3.2 smothering and prior to commencement of vegetation clearing activities on site so as to Manager & Measures Seasonal degradation prevent access to construction machinery and personnel. In addition, all monitoring Bio-monitoring (wet and dry impacts to the wetland areas should be clearly marked as such to alert construction staff specialists season) (bi- watercourse, on site. annually) wetlands and  All staff should be educated on the importance and sensitivity of the pan as well as wetland systems on site. This should form part of the induction process. the associated buffer zones. 13. Activity 3, Sub- Wetlands Loss of  Complete avoidance of wetlands will not be practically possible. It is Environmental EMPR Daily activity 3.1, 3.2 wetlands and recommended that post mining rehabilitation must be undertaken and the Manager & Measures Seasonal 106

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection functions objective of this would be to create mosaic wetland habitat within and monitoring Bio-monitoring (wet and dry provided by around areas where sand has been excavated. Refer to Table 15, Item 14 specialists season) (bi- wetlands. 108.9 for rehabilitation measures; annually ha of wetland  No stockpiling of material may take place within the wetland areas and habitat will be infrastructure should also be located away from these areas with a directly minimum of a 50m buffer between wetlands and infrastructure; destroyed by  Regular cleaning up of the wetland areas should be undertaken to remove the mining and litter; associated  An alien vegetation management plan should be drawn up by the activities. Environmental Control Officer (ECO) and implemented. Regular removal of invasive alien species should be undertaken. This should extend right through to the decommissioning and closure phase of the project. 14. Activity 4, Sub- Surface water Deterioration of  Refer to Item 17 below; Site Manager Occupational Quarterly activity 4.1 and water quality  The IWWMP (Golder, 2014) must be approved by DWS and implemented. and Groundwater due to waste environmental water being noise discharged into monitoring. the environment. 15. Activity 4, Sub- Surface Depletion of  Water use license to be obtained and all conditions of the water use Site Manager & Surface water Monthly & activity 4.1 water/Vaal water resources license to be implemented, including measures contained in the IWWMP; monitoring quantity Quarterly River when  Volumes to be abstracted from the Vaal River not to exceed the approved specialist monitoring. abstracting limit; water to top up  Install flow meters at the abstraction point at the Vaal Dam. the process water dam. 16. Activity 6, Sub- Soil and water Preventing Refer to item 4 and 8. Refer to item 4 Refer to item Refer to activity 6.1 resources contamination and 8. 4 and 8. item 4 and by preventing 8. leaks of chemicals and hydrocarbon fuels.

17. Activity 6, Sub- Soil and water Potential Hydrocarbons and hazardous waste Site Manager and Monitoring Quarterly activity 6.2 resources contamination  All hazardous waste generated shall be kept separate and shall not be Environmental

107

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection with hazardous mixed with general waste; Control Officer waste.  All hazardous waste shall be stored within a sealed drum on an impermeable surfaced area within the central waste storage and transition area;  All hazardous waste shall have material safety data sheets and such waste shall be disposed of as per the product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS);  Hazardous waste shall be collected by a licensed waste service provider and be disposed of at a licensed landfill site with certificates of safe disposal;  Certificates of safe disposal shall be acquired from the service provider for record purposes and these shall be maintained by the SM on site;  The total quantity of hazardous waste stored at the site at any one time shall not exceed 35m3;  All containers (skips) within the central waste storage/ transition area must be labelled, or where labelling is not possible, records must be kept, reflecting the following:  Date on which waste was first placed in the container;  Date on which waste was placed in the container for the last time and when the container was filled, closed, sealed or covered;  Dates when, and quantities of waste removed;  Proof of safe disposal by licensed contractor must be kept by the SM. 18. Activity 6, Sub- Groundwater Potential  The French drains need to be phased out and replaced by septic tanks; Site Manager Ensure Every 6 activity 6.3 and Surface accidental  The septic tanks should have sufficient capacity for the sewage load; service plans months water quality spillage of  The septic tanks should be emptied regularly (honeysucked) by a are sewage or leaks reputable contractor; and maintained contaminating  Regular checkups/monitoring and maintenance of sewage infrastructure to groundwater be conducted to ensure there are no leaks or overflows. and surface water features. 19. Activity 8, Sub- Soils, Chemical  Transformers will be checked for leaks monthly. Site Manager and Check for Monthly activity 8.1 groundwater contamination  Should a leak be discovered the mine will: Environmental leaks and surface due to PCBs  Inform the electrical specialist to repair; Site Manager water leaks from  Place a drip tray under the leak; transformer.  Construct temporary bunded area;

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No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection  Soak up leak using spill sorb;  Place contaminated spill sorb plus any other contaminated product in a container marked as hazardous waste;  Dispose of as hazardous waste.  All transformers that contain PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) will be indicated by signboards and contained over a concreted area.  All transformers will be tested annually for PCB contamination. 20. Activity 8, Sub- Soils, Indirect impact  Energy savings measures to be implemented at the mine, e.g.: Site Manager - - activity 8.1 groundwater of pollution  No lights to be switched on unnecessarily. Only security lights to and surface caused by be switched on at night; and water generating  Energy saving bulbs to be installed. electricity at power stations in the area. 21. Activity 10 Surface water Re-vegetation Refer to item 9 above for proper measures of re-vegetation - - - of disturbed areas reduces risk of silt loading on downstream water bodies 22. Activity 8, Sub- Natural Depletion of  Integrated Water Use License (IWUL) to be obtained and all conditions of Environmental & IWUL audit Annually activity 8.2 resources – natural the water use license to be implemented, including measures contained in Site Manager, potable water resources the IWWMP; Environmental (groundwater).  Volumes to be abstracted from the borehole not to exceed the approved Control Officer limit;  Install flow meters for the borehole abstraction. 23. Activity 3, Sub- Biodiversity Loss of Refer to item 12 and 13 above. Environmental EMPR Daily activity 3.1, biodiversity due Manager & Measures Activity 9, Sub- to destruction of monitoring Biodiversity Annually activity 9.1 wetlands and specialists monitoring natural grassland providing refuge for sensitive species. 109

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection

24. Activity 6, Sub- Flora Spreading of  The current alien invasive plants management plan to be updated and Environmental Alien invasive Quarterly activity 6.4, alien invasive implemented; Manager & plants Activity 7, Sub- species.  The alien vegetation management plan compiled by a suitably qualified botanical monitoring activity 7.1, specialist, should be kept in place for several years following mine closure specialist Activity 10. (minimum of ten years);  All species of alien invasive vegetation should be controlled and removed from site;  No spread of alien vegetation into any wetlands or adjacent properties should be allowed. 25. Activity 2, Sub- Flora Loss of  Only vegetation falling directly in demarcated access routes or project sites Environmental & Inspect area Before activity 2.1, vegetation should be removed where necessary; Site Manager and for sensitive commence Activity 3, Sub- including No further vegetation clearance except for the removal of alien invasive botanical species ment of activity 3.1 sensitive species will be allowed; specialist. prospecting species.  All remaining indigenous vegetation should be conserved wherever possible. 26. Activity 1 Fauna Disturbance and  Refer to item 40 for noise mitigation measures; Environmental EMPR Throughout (general, all loss of fauna  Refer to item 35 for dust generation mitigation measures; Manager & Measures the activities during through noise  Refer to item 12 & item 13 for measures to reduce habitat destruction; monitoring operational the operational and dust  Environmental awareness training should include that no hunting, trapping specialist phase. phase) pollution and or killing of fauna are allowed; hunting,  Any animals rescued or recovered will be relocated in suitable habitat trapping and away from the mining operations and associated infrastructure; killing of fauna  Any lizards, snakes or monitors encountered should be allowed to escape as well as to suitable habitat away from disturbance. habitat  No reptile should be intentionally killed, caught or collected during any destruction phase of the project; and including loss of  General avoidance of snakes is the best policy if encountered. Snakes sensitive should not be intentionally harmed or killed and allowed free movement avifauna away from the area. species. 27. Activity 1 Fauna and Security lighting  Unnecessary lights should be switched off during the day and / or night to Environmental EMPR Throughout (general, all Socio- at night may avoid light pollution; Site Manager Measures the activities during Economic disturb  If lighting is required, the lighting will be located in such a place and such a operational the operational nocturnal manner so as to minimise any impact on the surround community; phase. 110

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection phase) animals' and  Lighting must not be unreasonably intrusive into the landscape; and people’s  Any lighting nuisance complaints received must be recorded in complaints biorhythms. register by the SM.  Every complaint shall be investigated by the SM and mitigating measures be implemented where possible;  Security lighting should be designed in such a way as to minimise emissions onto undisturbed areas on site and neighbouring properties. Light fittings should face downwards;  Avoid high mast security lighting along the periphery of the site and use only lights that are activated by movement upon illegal entry to the site; and  Lighting on the portal will be localised to those areas where workers are operating at the time. 28. Activity 3, Sub- Fauna Impact on  Sensitive areas to be excluded from mining/development, should be Environmental EMPR Daily activity 3.1 natural demarcated to prevent access during the mining phase; Manager & Measures Annually migratory routes  Reduce the levels of disturbance on areas indicated by the Environmental monitoring Biodiversity and faunal Control Officer (ECO) as migratory routes; specialist monitoring dispersal  All cleared areas should be suitably top soiled and vegetated as soon as is patterns by possible, preferably in phases; fragmenting  Disturbed surfaces to be rehabilitated must be ripped, and the area must their habitat. be backfilled with topsoil or overburden;  Use endemic, indigenous plants wherever possible in the landscaping of the property; and  Try to maintain the natural vegetation in its original context as far as possible as this will enable species that are sensitive to transplanting to be maintained as well as their associated communities. 29. Activity 6, Sub- Fauna Potential injury  Refer to Annexure 1.1 for proper waste management measures. activity 6.2, including or loss of life  The conditions of the Integrated Water Use License (IWUL) and the Activity 7, Sub- sensitive due to IWWMP must be implemented. activity 7.2, 7.4 avifauna indiscriminate species disposal of waste 30. Activity 8, Sub- Fauna Poisoning of  Transformers will be checked for leaks monthly. Site Manager and Check for Monthly activity 8.1 fauna by PCB  Should a leak be discovered the mine will: Environmental leaks containing  Inform the electrical specialist to repair; Site Manager surface water  Place a drip tray under the leak; 111

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection when spilled by  Construct temporary bunded area; transformers.  Soak up leak using spill sorb;  Place contaminated spill sorb plus any other contaminated product in a container marked as hazardous waste;  Dispose of as hazardous waste.  All transformers that contain PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) will be indicated by signboards and contained over a concreted area.  All transformers will be tested annually for PCB contamination. 31. Activity 9, Sub- Flora/biodiver Loss of  All workers will be sensitised to the risk of fire – no smoking / no fire policy activity 9.1 sity biodiversity as a on the site through the mandatory safety specific induction. Smoking is result of fire only allowed in designated smoking areas and dispose of cigarette butts outbreaks. safely in sand buckets;  The Applicant shall ensure that the basic fire-fighting equipment is available on the site;  No fire-fighting equipment will be removed without the authority of the Fire- Fighting Coordinator;  All fire hose reels and fire extinguishers will be mounted on walls or fixed structures;  The centre of the hose reels will not be more than 1,5m above floor level;  The carry handle of the fire extinguishers will not be more than 1 250mm from ground level, and the bottom of the extinguisher not to be lower than 150mm from ground level;  The floor area directly below the equipment shall be demarcated as a “KEEP CLEAR AREA” (this excludes offices) and will be a red square 800mm wide and 500mm deep for each fire hose reel or fire extinguisher, with a yellow border line of 100mm surrounding the red square;  Free access will be maintained to “KEEP CLEAR AREAS”;  Symbolic signs, adhering to the requirements of SANS 1186-1:2003 Symbolic safety signs Part 1: Standard signs and general requirements, positioned conspicuously, will indicate the location of all fire equipment;  Signage shall also indicate the type of equipment e.g. Extinguishers, reels etc. and directional arrows;  Where protective coverings are utilised, care will be taken that these covers do not obscure the identification signs;  Extinguishers, hose reels, hydrants, fire trolleys or vehicles and stop valves or control panels must all be easily accessible in the event of an 112

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection emergency. No stacking, storage or parking is allowed in front of any of these areas or equipment;  The Applicant shall supply the site with tested and approved fire-fighting equipment (minimum 2 X 9kg fire extinguishers). All “hot” work areas (e.g. welding, gas cutting or cutting of metal) must have fire extinguishers readily at hand;  Extinguishers should also be located outside hazardous materials and chemicals storage containers;  Extinguishers located outdoors shall be in weatherproof cabinets with operating instructions facing outwards;  The disposal of waste material by burning is prohibited;  Sky Sands shall be liable for all costs incurred by the organisations sub- contracted to extinguish all fires started by any person(s) under their control;  Sky Sands shall be liable for all costs incurred to remediate burnt areas.  Fire response and evacuation  An Emergency Plan (including Fire Protection, Response and Evacuation Plan) is to be prepared by the Applicant and conveyed to all staff on the site. This shall identify:  A Fire Marshall for the site;  All potential fire hazards;  Fire-fighting equipment to be provided on the site;  procedure in case of a fire;  A fire evacuation route and plan; and  Emergency contact numbers;  In the case of a fire occurring on the site, the following actions are to be taken immediately:  Set off the alarm and notify emergency services immediately;  Secure the scene and isolate the area allowing sufficient space for access by the emergency services and escape routes in the event of an escalation of the incident;  Follow evacuation procedures;  Warn neighbours of potential danger; and  All fire requirements shall be carried out as contained in the National Building Regulations SABS 0400;  Identify major risks to minimise the environmental impacts e.g., air 113

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection pollution and contaminated effluent runoff.

32. Activity 9, Sub- Fauna Loss of habitat, Refer to item 12, 13, 25 and 31 above. activity 9.1 refuge and food for animals. Loss or displacement of the invertebrates, birds and small mammals dependant on the wetland vegetation for feeding, shelter and breeding purposes, as well as the loss of the functions and ecosystem services performed by the wetlands. 33. Activity 10 Fauna Reintroduction Refer to item 9 above for measures to optimise this positive impact. of vegetation in rehabilitated areas will attract fauna to the rehabilitated areas. 34. Activity 10 Flora Reintroduction Refer to item 9 above for measures to optimise this positive impact. of vegetation in rehabilitated areas.

35. Activity 3, Sub- Air quality Dust generation  Generation of dust shall be minimised and dust nuisance for the Environmental & Dust fallout Monthly and activity 3.1, 3.2, Windborne dust surrounding community shall be kept to a minimum wherever possible; Site Manager & monitoring Sporadically 114

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection 3.3, 3.4, Activity (soil and ore  Dust suppression shall be implemented during dry periods and windy monitoring 4, Sub-activity fines). conditions; specialist 4.2, Activity 5,  Dust screens of a suitable height should be erected wherever required and Sub-activity 5.2 possible;  All exposed surfaces should be minimised in terms of duration of exposure to wind and stormwater;  Potable water shall not be used for the dust suppression of stockpiles;  Excavation, handling and transportation of erodible materials shall be avoided under high wind conditions (excess of 35km/hr) / when visible dust plume is present;  Ensure that shortest routes are used for material transport;  Ensure that stockpile height is kept to a minimum and that any stockpiling occurs downwind of the stockpiles;  Ensure that areas where bulk earthmoving will occur is properly wetted in advance;  Spray unpaved roads with water/dust binding materials and limit travel speed to a minimum;  Minimise travel speed on paved roads;  Ensure that products and material handling occur as far as possible downwind of stockpiles;  Implement and actively monitor dust fallout generated in the 8 major wind directions on the borders of the site;  Implement monthly site inspection to check for possible areas of dust generation not addressed or not effectively managed. 36. Activity 3, Sub- Existing land Settling of dust  Refer to item 35 above Environmental & Dust fallout Monthly and activity 3.1, 3.2, use (soil and ore Site Manager & monitoring Sporadically 3.3, 3.4, Activity fines) on the monitoring 4, Sub-activity surrounding specialist 4.2, Activity 5, area and crops Sub-activity 5.2 impacting on the quality of crops. 37. Activity 3, Sub- Air quality Emissions from  All vehicles will be regularly serviced to ensure they are in proper working Site Manager Ensure Every 6 activity 3.1, 3.2, heavy vehicles conditions and to reduce risk of excessive emission; service plans months 3.3, 3.4, Activity and machinery.  Regular servicing of vehicles in order to limit gaseous emissions (to be are 4, Sub-activity done offsite); maintained 115

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection 4.2, Activity 5, Sub-activity 5.1, 5.2 38. Activity 9, Sub- Air quality Smoke from  Refer to item 31 above Refer to item 30 Refer to item Refer to activity 9.1 potential fires above 30 above item 30 alters air quality. above 39. Activity 6, Sub- Air quality Offensive  Regular servicing of onsite toilets to avoid potential odours; Site Manager Ensure Every 6 activity 6.3 odours from  The French drains need to be phased out and replaced by septic tanks; service plans months sewage  The septic tanks should have sufficient capacity for the sewage load; are spillage, septic  The septic tanks should be emptied regularly (honeysucked) by a maintained tanks or French reputable contractor; and drains.  Regular checkups/monitoring and maintenance of sewage infrastructure to Ensure toilets Weekly be conducted to ensure there are no leaks or overflows. are in working condition

40. Activity 3, Sub- Noise Increased noise  Vehicles will be regularly serviced to ensure acceptable noise levels are Site Manager Occupational Every 6 activity 3.1, 3.2, levels due to not exceed. Silencers will be utilised where possible; and months 3.3, Activity 4, heavy vehicle  Heavy vehicle traffic should be routed away from noise sensitive areas, environmental Sub-activity 4.1, and machinery where possible; noise Activity 5, Sub- operation.  Noise levels should be kept within acceptable limits. All noise and sounds monitoring. activity 5.1, 5.2, generated should adhere to SABS specifications for maximum allowable Activity 7, Sub- noise levels for construction sites. No pure tone sirens or hooters may be activity 7.1, 7.3 utilised except where required in terms of SABS standards or in emergencies;  With regard to unavoidable very noisy construction activities in the vicinity of noise sensitive areas, the SM should liaise with local residents and how best to minimise impacts, and the local population should be kept informed of the nature and duration of intended activities;  The SM should take measures to discourage labourers from loitering in the area and causing noise disturbance;  Noise generating activities should be restricted to between 06h00 and 18h00 Monday to Friday, and 06h00-13h00 on Saturdays and no work to be conducted on Sundays or Public Holidays, unless otherwise approved by the appropriate competent person in consultation with adjacent landowners or potentially affected persons;  Noise impacts should be minimised by restricting the hours during which

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No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection the offending activities are carried out and, where possible, by insulating machinery and/or enclosing areas of activity;  Regular monitoring of noise levels at various, pre-determined locations. This will serve as the core of noise mitigation as it will enable the determination of problem areas;  Personal Protective Equipment to all persons working in areas where high levels of noise can be expected; Signs where it is compulsory;  Proper design of the plant areas and machinery where measures are taken to prevent noise generation such as silencers, mufflers and sound suppressing enclosures for parts/processes which can generate noise;  Regular inspections and maintenance of equipment, vehicles and machinery to prevent unnecessary noise;  Noise breaking barriers can be erected such as netting, walls or high growing indigenous trees; and  Placement of noise generating activities can be planned as far away as possible from affected areas or persons. 41. Activity 3, Sub- Aesthetics/ Visibility from  Stockpile heights must be kept as low as possible; Site Manager EMPR Monthly activity 3.1, 3.2, Visual Quality sensitive  Rehabilitation of the area must be done concurrently; Measures 3.4, Activity 4, receptors /  Dust suppression techniques, as per the specifications of the Dust Control Sub-activity 4.2 visual scarring Regulations should be in place. This is specific to areas where vegetation of the has been removed, soil stockpiles, on temporary / permanent unpaved landscape and road and any other areas where soil will be exposed (refer to item 35 impact on above for dust mitigation measures); ‘Sense of Place’  As much vegetation as possible should be kept during site clearance; as a result of  Housekeeping on site should be enforced; the visibility of  Downscaling of operations: dust and bare  Keeping infrastructure at minimum heights; areas.  Introducing landscaping measures such as vegetating berms;  Avoid the use of highly reflective material in operations. 42. Activity 6, Sub- Aesthetics/ Visibility of solid  Refer to Annexure 1.1 for proper waste management measures; activity 6.2 Visual Quality domestic and  The conditions of the Integrated Water Use License (IWUL) and the operational IWWMP must be implemented. waste.

43. Activity 10 Visual Aspect Improved - - - - aesthetics 117

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection through rehabilitation 44. Activity 9, Sub- Archaeologica Loss of and Grave yards: Environmental - - activity 9.1 l & cultural damage to A buffer zone of minimum 20 metres should be maintained: Site Manager sites graveyards, tree  The graveyard must be fenced off and a gate installed for access; and and historic  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented: buildings  Phase 2 investigation occurring on  Social consultation site.  Exhumation and reburial

Tree: The tree may not be disturbed, if this is unavoidable, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) need to be contacted for the proper procedures and approval.

Historic multi-room brick house:  The site should be fenced off and a 20 metres buffer zone should be maintained  If further impact is envisaged the following must be implemented:  Survey and mapping of the site;  Phase 2 investigation; and  Permit from SAHRA for destruction. 45. Activity 3, Sub- Archaeologica Loss of and  Should culturally significant material or skeletal remains be exposed during Environmental - - activity 3.1, 3.2, l & cultural disturbance to development and construction phases, all activities must be suspended Site Manager / sites undiscovered pending further investigation by a qualified archaeologist (Refer to the archaeologist subsurface National Heritage and Resources Act, 25 of 1999 section 36 (6)). archaeological sites. 46. Activity 8, Sub- Natural Depletion of  Energy savings measures to be implemented at the mine, e.g.: Site Manager - - activity 8.1 resources natural  No lights to be switched on unnecessarily. Only security lights to be resources used switched on at night; and in generating  Energy saving bulbs to be installed. electricity.

47. Activity 3, Sub- Traffic & Road  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits; Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 3.3, safety degradation  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition; limits. 118

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection Activity 5, Sub-  Roads should be maintained, if any potholes are observed during Ensure Every 6 activity 5.1 monitoring, these must be fixed as soon as possible. vehicles and months machinery service plans are maintained. Inspect roads Monthly for potholes and degradation. 48. Activity 3, Sub- Traffic & Increased  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits. Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 3.3, safety potential for  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition. limits. Activity 5, Sub- road incidences.  Roads and intersections will be signposted clearly. Only main roads should Inspect Monthly activity 5.1 be used; intersections  Where feasible vehicles should not operate on public roads during peak and roads and hours; signposts.  Vehicles should adhere to the speed limit of the road;  Heavy vehicles should always travel with their head lights switched on;  Heavy vehicles should not stop on the road to pick up hitchhikers – No stopping on the road approaching the mine will be allowed;  Communicate with and acknowledge concerns of the I&APs and mitigate where possible;  All vehicle (construction and private) movement must be controlled on site and all vehicles must remain on designated routes;  Single directional traffic shall be controlled through a stop-go system or any other appropriate traffic control method;  Sky Sands shall be responsible for ensuring that suitable access is maintained for public traffic to all relevant businesses and properties;  All traffic accommodation measures are to conform to the latest edition of the South African Road Signs Manual. 49. Activity 3, Sub- Socio- Flooding of  Currently mining is restricted by the perched groundwater table (+/- 3 – Environmental Monitoring as Monthly and activity, 3.2 3.3, economic open cast pits 6m), the mine will investigate viable means of either locally lowering the Site Manager per the quarterly by perched perched groundwater table so as to expose greater amounts of sand Hydrogeologist geohydrology water tables reserves for mining or to amend the current mining method in such a way study impacting on that the groundwater level is not inhibiting to extract the available reserves; mining activities  Prior to implementing any proposal, the mine will commission the 119

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection and surrounding appropriate studies to ensure that the impact of deeper mining (10 – 15m) groundwater on the perched groundwater is not unacceptable for the surrounding users. groundwater users. This will include a hydro-census identifying all groundwater users surrounding the mining area (as determined by consultation with I &AP’s). The following information should be gathered:  Borehole yield, application and use;  Groundwater levels and quality;  Determination of the baseline extraction of surrounding farmers;  Assessment of the potential influence of the groundwater on crop growth and natural vegetation;  Assessment of the influence of the groundwater on ecological sensitive features (wetlands) on the site.  Prior to implementing deeper mining which may affect the perched groundwater, the mine will ensure that it has the approval of DWS and has communicated the results of the specialist study with the relevant interested and affected parties;  Management measures proposed as a result of the groundwater specialist studies must be implemented. 50. Activity 3, Sub- Socio- Flooding of  A health and safety plan in terms of the Mine Health and Safety Act (Act Health and Safety As per health As per activity, 3.2 3.3 economic open cast pits 29 of 1996) should be drawn up and implemented to ensure worker safety; Control Officer and safety health and by perched  A health and safety control officer should monitor the implementation of Site Manager plan safety plan water tables the health and safety plan for the operational phase; and posing a safety  Regular health and safety audits should be conducted and documented; risk to mine and a record of health and safety incidents should be kept on site and workers and made available for inspection; surrounding  Any health and safety incidents should be reported to the Site Manager residents. immediately;  First aid facilities should be available on site at all times;  Workers have the right to refuse work in unsafe conditions. 51. Activity 8, Sub- Socio- Poisoning of Refer to item 19. Refer to item 18. Refer to item Refer to activity 8.1 Economic humans by 18. item 18. eating crops contaminated by PCBs. 52. Activity 1 Socio- Potential  Implementation of safety measures, work procedures and first aid should Health and Safety As per health As per (general, all economic physical injuries be implemented on site; Control Officer and safety health and 120

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection activities during or loss of life.  A health and safety plan in terms of the Mine Health and Safety Act (Act Site Manager plan safety plan the operational 29 of 1996) [as amended], should be drawn up to ensure worker safety; phase)  The Site Manager should ensure that all equipment is maintained in a safe operating condition;  A record of health and safety incidents should be kept on site and made available for inspection;  Any health and safety incidents should be reported to the Site Manager immediately;  First aid facilities should be available on site at all times;  Workers have the right to refuse work in unsafe conditions; and  Material stockpiles or stacks should be stable and well secured to avoid collapse and possible injury to site workers. 53. Activity 6, Sub- Socio- Preventing - - - - activity 6.1 economic injuries or loss of life by maintaining the plant.

54. Activity 9, Sub- Socio- Potential  Refer to item 31 above Refer to item 30 Refer to item Refer to activity 9.1 Economic destruction or above 30 above item 30 damage to above property. 55. Activity 9, Sub- Socio- Potential for fire  Refer to item 31 above Refer to item 30 Refer to item Refer to activity 9.1 economic outbreak above 30 above item 30 causing injuries above and loss of life. 56. Activity 6, Sub- Socio- Vehicles will  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits; Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 6.4 economic remain in a  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition; and limits. good condition  Roads should be maintained, if any potholes are observed during Ensure Every 6 saving costs monitoring, these must be fixed as soon as possible. vehicles and months when haul machinery roads are service plans maintained. are maintained. Inspect roads Monthly for potholes 121

No. Source activities Environment Environmental Mitigation Measures Monitoring Responsible / processes al Aspect: Impact: and Frequency manager / officer Inspection and degradation.

57. Activity 6, Sub- Socio- Reducing  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits; Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 6.4 economic likelihood of  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition; and limits. accidents  Roads should be maintained, if any potholes are observed during Ensure Every 6 preventing monitoring, these must be fixed as soon as possible. vehicles and months injury or loss of machinery life when haul service plans roads are are maintained. maintained. Inspect roads Monthly for potholes and degradation. 58. Activity 1 Socio- Skills transfer  Skills training to be in accordance with the approved Social and Labour Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all economic Plan. employment is activities during in line with the operational SLP initiatives phase) 59. Activity 1 Socio- Creation of job  Labourers should initially be sought locally and only regionally if skills are Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all economic opportunities. not available; and employment is activities during  The approved Social and Labour Plan should be implemented. in line with the operational SLP initiatives phase) 60. Activity 1 Social- Multiplier effect  Skills training to be in accordance with the approved Social and Labour Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all economic – improved Plan; employment is activities during livelihoods  Labourers should initially be sought locally and only regionally if skills are in line with the operational not available; and SLP initiatives phase)  The approved Social and Labour Plan should be implemented.

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Table 16: Mitigation measures / management actions for the decommissioning and closure and post-closure phases No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 1. Activity 2, Sub- Topography Eradication of - - - - activity 2.1 stockpiles 2. Activity 3, Sub- Topography Re-contouring of - - - - activity 3.3, area for free Activity 5, Sub- surface water activity 5.3, drainage Activity 6, Sub- activity 6.2, Activity 7, Sub- activity 7.1, 7.3 3. Activity 4, Sub- Topography Eradication of - - - - activity 4.1 voids 4. Activity 2, Sub- Soils Potential Refer to item 30 below. activity 2.1 contamination by product dust 5. Activity 3, Sub- Soils Potential  Activity should be limited to area of disturbance. Where required Environmental Inspect area for Monthly activity 3.1, 3.2, compaction of the compacted soils should be disked to an adequate depth and & Site Manager soil compaction Activity 5, Sub- soils in re-vegetated with indigenous plants; and activity 5.1, neighbouring  Soils compacted, should be deeply ripped at least to a depth of Activity 7, Sub- areas 300mm to loosen compacted layers and re-graded to even activity 7.1 running levels. 6. Activity 3, Sub- Soils Potential  All vehicles and machinery will be regularly serviced to ensure SM Ensure vehicles Every 6 months activity 3.1, 3.2, hydrocarbon they are in proper working condition and to reduce risk of leaks; and machinery Activity 5, Sub- contamination of  All leaks will be cleaned up immediately using an absorbent service plans are activity 5.1 soils material and spill kits, in the prescribed manner; and maintained.  The spill procedure in Annexure 6 must be implemented whenever spills occur. 7. Activity 3, Sub- Soils Soils replaced  Ensure soils are replaced to an adequate depth and ensure soil SM Monitor after Monitor after activity 3.3, and ameliorated quality is adequate. replacement of replacement of Activity 5, Sub- soils soils throughout activity 5.3, concurrent Activity 6, Sub- rehabilitation. activity 6.2, Activity 7, Sub- activity 7.2 123

No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 8. Activity 3, Sub- Groundwater Potential In accordance with Government Notice 704 (GN 704), the onsite activity 3.1, 3.2, hydrocarbon management should: Activity 5, Sub- contamination  Keep clean and dirty water separated; activity 5.1 leeching into the  Contain any dirty water within a system; and water table  Prevent the contamination of clean water.

In order to achieve these objectives, the following stormwater management measures must be implemented on the site to ensure that that potential stormwater impacts are kept to a minimum:  All vehicles and machinery will be regularly serviced to ensure they are in proper working condition and to reduce risk of leaks;  Clean and dirty stormwater needs to be separated. No contaminated water should be allowed to enter the clean storm water system. Dirty stormwater may not be released into the wetlands that will not be mined, and should be contained and treated on site. Should contaminated water enter the wetlands due to spillages or other unforeseen circumstances a water/wetland quality expert should be consulted regarding implementation of suitable mitigation and/or rehabilitation measures;  The operation and maintenance of the stormwater and waste water containment facilities shall be done in accordance with the requirements of the Integrated Water Use License and IWWMP;  All polluted runoff generated within the stockpiling area must be collected in a pollution control dam and shall be managed accordingly;  All stormwater infrastructure on-site shall be maintained and kept clean throughout the operational period;  Immediate reporting of any polluting or potentially polluting incidents so that appropriate measures can be implemented;  Fuel and oil spills shall be treated immediately by appropriate mop-up products. Several hydrocarbon absorption/remediation products (i.e. Spill kits) must be placed throughout the site;  Use of bunds or traps to ensure full containment of hydrocarbon and other hazardous materials are mandatory;

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer  Any contaminated material is disposed of in an appropriate manner and the potential risks associated with such spills are limited;  Site operators and designated staff should be trained to supervise the response to spill incidents;  The spill procedure in Annexure 6 must be implemented;  Exposed surfaces shall be kept to a minimum to minimise the volume of dirty run-off generated;  All operational areas shall be kept clean by regular washing or sweeping and such waste material generated is disposed of accordingly;  Stormwater leaving the site must in no way be contaminated by any substance, whether such substance is a solid, liquid, vapour or gas or a combination thereof which is produced, used, stored, dumped or spilled on the premises;  Strict access procedures must be followed in order to gain access to the property. Access to the dirty water management facilities (all dams) must be limited to authorised employees. Notices prohibiting unauthorized persons from entering the areas, as well as internationally acceptable signs indicating the risks involved in case of an unauthorized entry must be displayed along the boundary fence of these areas;  The SM must conduct weekly visual inspections of stormwater infrastructure and discharging stormwater for the presence of: o Suspended sediment; o Turbidity; o Discoloration; o Emulsification; and o Oil sheen.  All dirty water dams, if any, should be suitably lined to prevent seepage of contaminated water out of the dams;  All hazardous substances should be stored on impervious surfaces that allow for the containment of spills and leakages (e.g. bunded areas). Should spills occur, these should be reported to the SM. Larger spills will require the appointment of specialist clean-up teams to rehabilitate the affected area. No 125

No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer hazardous materials may be stockpiled in any wetland area on site;  Liquid hazardous waste shall be contained and stored according to the following measures:  Storage and classification of hazardous waste to be in accordance with the waste classification and management regulations GNR 634-635;  A designated skip for all hazardous waste must be made available on site. Skips should also be closed - no rain water to enter the skips; and  All drip trays / bunds / other temporary storage containers must be inspected for freeboard after rain and appropriate spill kits used to remove content;  Increased runoff should be managed using berms and other suitable structures as required to ensure flow velocities are reduced;  All stormwater infrastructure on site shall be maintained and kept clean;  All water discharged to the environment shall first be cleared of hydro-carbons and subsequent release into the environment shall be within the allowable limits as per DWS General Limits; and  Removal of spills, rainwater and waste produced during clean- up of the bunds – shall be done in accordance to relevant specifications. 9. Activity 7, Sub- Groundwater Improved - activity 7.5, response to Activity 9, Sub- issues relating to activity 9.1, deterioration of Activity 10, groundwater Sub-activity quality or quantity 10.1 10. Activity 8, Sub- Groundwater Rebound of water - activity 8.1 levels

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 11. Activity 8, Sub- Groundwater Flow of  Refer to item 8 above. Refer to item 10 Refer to item 10 Refer to item 10 activity 8.1 contaminated above. above. above. groundwater away from mine into neighbouring areas 12. Wetlands Altered hydrology  Regular cleaning up of the wetland areas should be undertaken Environmental Alien Vegetation Weekly to remove litter; Site Manager Plan  An alien vegetation management plan should be drawn up by Environmental Waste the Environmental Control Officer (ECO) and implemented. Control management Regular removal of invasive alien species should be undertaken. Specialist Plan This should extend right through to the decommissioning and Rehabilitation closure phase of the project. Plan  Mosaic wetland systems with multi-ponds systems and waterways linking to the natural receiving water body downstream should be created by a specialist. This is possible by utilising exposed water from sand mining, shaping and re- vegetation of these areas. The objective of this would be to encourage the formation of wetlands in these areas i.e. in rehabilitated landscape and thus retain and improve eco- services of these systems in an engineered enhanced manner;  Implement the rehabilitation plan and measures as per the Wetland Impact Study (Wetland Consulting Services, 2014). 13. Activity 3, Sub- Surface water Potential Refer to Item 8 above. activity 3.1, 3.2, hydrocarbon Activity 5, Sub- contamination activity 5.1 which may reach downstream surface water bodies 14. Activity 4, Sub- Surface water Potential silt  All disturbed areas should be landscaped to approximate the activity 4.1, loading of natural landscape profile, but should avoid steep slopes and Activity 7, Sub- drainage lines concentrated run-off; activity 7.2 and downstream  Compacted soils should be ripped and scarified; water bodies  The rehabilitated areas should be re-vegetated as soon as possible following completion of the earthworks to minimise

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer erosion;  Regular long-term follow up of rehabilitated areas will be required to ensure the successful establishment of vegetation and to survey for any erosion damage on site;  Erosion damage should be repaired immediately;  The recommendations contained within the specialist vegetation and soils reports should be fully implemented to ensure successful rehabilitation. 15. Activity 3, Sub- Surface water Re-vegetation of - - - - activity 3.3, disturbed areas Activity 5, Sub- reduces risk of silt activity 5.3 loading on downstream water bodies.

16. Activity 6, Sub- Surface water Reduced potential - - - - activity 6.2 of contamination to surface water bodies and return of water to catchment 17. Activity 7, Sub- Surface water Free drainage - - - - activity 7.3 restored to area 18. Activity 7, Sub- Surface water Large area of - - - - activity 7.3 surface water runoff return to catchment 19. Activity 7, Sub- Surface Water Improved - - - - activity 7.5, response to Activity 9, Sub- issues relating to activity 9.1, deterioration of Activity 10, surface water Sub-activity quality or quantity 10.1

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 20. Activity 3, Sub- Sensitive Potential damage  Complete avoidance of wetlands will not be practically possible. Environmental Alien Vegetation Weekly activity 3.2, 3.3, Landscapes to or destruction It is recommended that post mining rehabilitation must be Site Manager Plan Activity 4, Sub of sensitive faunal undertaken and the objective of this would be to create mosaic Environmental Waste –activity 4.1, habitats: wetland habitat within and around areas where sand has been Control management Activity 5, Sub- Wetlands, natural excavated. for rehabilitation measures; Specialist Plan activity 5.1, grassland.  No stockpiling of material may take place within the wetland Rehabilitation Activity 7, Sub- areas and infrastructure should also be located away from these Plan activity 7.2 areas with a minimum of a 50m buffer between wetlands and infrastructure;  Regular cleaning up of the wetland areas should be undertaken to remove litter;  An alien vegetation management plan should be drawn up by the Environmental Control Officer (ECO) and implemented. Regular removal of invasive alien species should be undertaken. This should extend right through to the decommissioning and closure phase of the project. 21. Activity 7, Sub- Sensitive Free drainage - - - - activity 7.3 Landscapes restored to area 22. Activity 3, Sub- Flora Reintroduction of - - - - activity, 3.3, vegetation in Activity 5, Sub- rehabilitated activity 5.3 areas 23. Activity 7, Sub- Flora Area re-vegetated - - - - activity 7.4 with indigenous plants 24. Activity 7, Sub- Flora Spreading of alien  The current alien invasive plants management plan to be Environmental Alien invasive Quarterly activity 7.4 invasive plants updated and implemented; Manager & plants monitoring Activity 8, Sub-  The alien vegetation management plan compiled by a suitably botanical activity 8.1 qualified specialist, should be kept in place for several years specialist following mine closure (minimum of ten years);  All species of alien invasive vegetation should be controlled and removed from site;  No spread of alien vegetation into any wetlands or adjacent properties should be allowed.

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 25. Activity 8, Sub- Flora Damage to  Work should be restricted to the confined mining area as marked Environmental EMPR measures Monthly activity 8.1 species in by the ECO. Control Officer neighbouring (ECO) and Site areas Manager (SM) 26. Activity 1 Fauna and Security lighting  Unnecessary lights should be switched off during the day and / Environmental EMPR Measures Throughout the (general, all Socio-Economic at night may or night to avoid light pollution; Site Manager decommissioning, activities during disturb nocturnal  Operational operations must occur during daylight hours; closure and post- the operational animals' and  If lighting is required, the lighting will be located in such a place closure phases. phase) people’s and such a manner so as to minimise any impact on the biorhythms. surround community;  Lighting must not be unreasonably intrusive into the landscape;  Any lighting nuisance complaints received must be recorded in complaints register by the SM;  Every complaint shall be investigated by the SM and mitigating measures be implemented where possible;  Security lighting should be designed in such a way as to minimise emissions onto undisturbed areas on site and neighbouring properties. Light fittings should face downwards;  Avoid high mast security lighting along the periphery of the site and use only lights that are activated by movement upon illegal entry to the site; and  Lighting on the portal will be localised to those areas where workers are operating at the time. 27. Activity 1 Fauna Disturbance and  Refer to item 34 for noise mitigation measures; Environmental EMPR Measures Throughout the (general, all loss of fauna  Refer to item 31 for dust generation mitigation measures; Manager & decommissioning, activities during through noise and  Refer to item for measures to reduce habitat destruction; monitoring closure and post- the operational dust pollution and  Environmental awareness training should include that no specialist closure phases. phase) hunting, trapping hunting, trapping or killing of fauna are allowed; and killing of  Any animals rescued or recovered will be relocated in suitable fauna as well as habitat away from the mining operations and associated habitat infrastructure; destruction  Any lizards, snakes or monitors encountered should be allowed including loss of to escape to suitable habitat away from disturbance. sensitive avifauna  No reptile should be intentionally killed, caught or collected species. during any phase of the project; and

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer  General avoidance of snakes is the best policy if encountered. Snakes should not be intentionally harmed or killed and allowed free movement away from the area. 28. Activity 8, Sub- Fauna Alienation of  Refer to item 34 for noise mitigation measures; Environmental EMPR Measures Throughout the activity 8.1 animals from the  Refer to item 31 for dust generation mitigation measures; Manager & decommissioning, area  Refer to item for measures to reduce habitat destruction; monitoring closure and post-  No hunting, trapping or killing of fauna will be allowed. specialist closure phases. 29. Activity 7, Sub- Fauna New habitat - - - - activity 7.4 available to fauna in the area and reduced activity should result in influx of animals to the area

30. Activity 2, Sub- Air quality Dust generation  Generation of dust shall be minimised and dust nuisance for the Environmental Dust fallout Monthly and activity 2.1, surrounding community shall be kept to a minimum wherever & Site Manager monitoring Sporadically Activity 3, Sub- possible; & monitoring activity 3.1, 3.2,  Dust suppression shall be implemented during dry periods and specialist Activity 4, Sub- windy conditions; activity 4.1,  Dust screens of a suitable height should be erected wherever Activity 5, Sub- required and possible; activity 5.1,  All exposed surfaces should be minimised in terms of duration of Activity 6, Sub- exposure to wind and stormwater; activity 6.1, 7.1  Potable water shall not be used for the dust suppression of stockpiles;  Product stockpiles shall not exceed 1.5m;  Excavation, handling and transportation of erodible materials shall be avoided under high wind conditions (excess of 35km/hr) / when visible dust plume is present;  Ensure that shortest routes are used for material transport;  Ensure crushers are properly enclosed and/or fitted with water sprays to reduce dust generation;  Ensure that stockpile height is kept to a minimum and that any stockpiling occurs downwind of the stockpiles;

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer  Ensure that areas where bulk earthmoving will occur is properly wetted in advance;  Spray unpaved roads with water/dust binding materials and limit travel speed to a minimum;  Minimise travel speed on paved roads;  Ensure that products and material handling occur as far as possible downwind of stockpiles;  Implement and actively monitor dust fallout generated in the 8 major wind directions on the borders of the site;  Implement monthly site inspection to check for possible areas of dust generation not addressed or not effectively managed. 31. Activity 3, Sub- Air quality Emissions from  All vehicles will be regularly serviced to ensure they are in Site Manager Ensure service Every 6 months activity 3.2, heavy vehicles proper working conditions and to reduce risk of excessive plans are Activity 5, Sub- and machinery. emission maintained activity 5.1,  Regular servicing of vehicles in order to limit gaseous emissions Activity 7, Sub- (to be done offsite); activity 7.1 32. Activity 7, Sub- Air quality Improved - - - - activity 7.5, response to Activity 9, Sub- issues relating to activity 9.1, dust generation Activity 10, Sub-activity 10.1 33. Activity 2, Sub- Noise Increased noise  Vehicles will be regularly serviced to ensure acceptable noise Site Manager Occupational and Every 6 months activity 2.1, levels due to levels are not exceed. Silencers will be utilised where possible. environmental Activity 3, Sub- heavy vehicle and  Heavy vehicle traffic should be routed away from noise sensitive noise monitoring. activity 3.1, 3.2, machinery areas, where possible; Activity 4, Sub- operation.  Noise levels should be kept within acceptable limits. All noise activity 4.1, and sounds generated should adhere to SABS specifications for Activity 5 Sub- maximum allowable noise levels for construction sites. No pure activity 5.1, tone sirens or hooters may be utilised except where required in Activity 6, Sub- terms of SABS standards or in emergencies; activity 6.1  With regard to unavoidable very noisy construction activities in the vicinity of noise sensitive areas, the SM should liaise with local residents and how best to minimise impacts, and the local 132

No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer population should be kept informed of the nature and duration of intended activities;  The SM should take measures to discourage labourers from loitering in the area and causing noise disturbance;  Noise generating activities should be restricted to between 06h00 and 18h00 Monday to Friday, and 06h00-13h00 on Saturdays and no work to be conducted on Sundays or Public Holidays, unless otherwise approved by the appropriate competent person in consultation with adjacent landowners or potentially affected persons;  Noise impacts should be minimised by restricting the hours during which the offending activities are carried out and, where possible, by insulating machinery and/or enclosing areas of activity;  Regular monitoring of noise levels at various, pre-determined locations. This will serve as the core of noise mitigation as it will enable the determination of problem areas;  Personal Protective Equipment to all persons working in areas where high levels of noise can be expected; Signs where it is compulsory;  Proper design of the plant areas and machinery where measures are taken to prevent noise generation such as silencers, mufflers and sound suppressing enclosures for parts/processes which can generate noise;  Regular inspections and maintenance of equipment, vehicles and machinery to prevent unnecessary noise;  Noise breaking barriers can be erected such as netting, walls or high growing indigenous trees; and  Placement of noise generating activities can be planned as far away as possible from affected areas or persons. 34. Activity 5, Sub- Visual Aspect Visibility from  Dust suppression techniques, as per the specifications of the Site Manager As per item 32. Monthly activity 5.2 sensitive Dust Control Regulations should be in place. This is specific to receptors / visual areas where vegetation has been removed, soil stockpiles, on scarring of the temporary / permanent unpaved road and any other areas landscape and where soil will be exposed (refer to item 31 above for dust impact on ‘Sense mitigation measures); 133

No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer of Place’ as a  Housekeeping on site should be enforced. result of the visibility of dust and bare areas. 35. Activity 3, Sub- Visual Aspect Improved - - - - activity 3.3, aesthetics Activity 4, Sub- through activity 4.1, rehabilitation Activity 5, Sub- activity 5.3, Activity 6, Sub- activity 6.1, 6.2 36. Activity 3, Sub- Traffic & safety Increased  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits. Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 3.1, 3.2, potential for road  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition. limits. Activity 5, Sub- incidences  Roads and intersections will be signposted clearly. Only main Inspect Monthly activity 5.1 roads should be used; intersections and  Where feasible vehicles should not operate on public roads roads and during peak hours; signposts.  Vehicles should adhere to the speed limit of the road;  Heavy vehicles should always travel with their head lights switched on;  Heavy vehicles should not stop on the road to pick up hitchhikers – No stopping on the road approaching the mine will be allowed;  Limit the extent and degree of change to the biophysical and socio-economic environment; and  Communicate with and acknowledge concerns of the I&APs and mitigate where possible. 37. Activity 3, Sub- Traffic & safety Road degradation  Drivers will be enforced to keep to set speed limits; Site Manager Enforce speed Daily activity 3.1, 3.2,  Trucks will be in a road-worthy condition; limits. Activity 5, Sub-  Roads should be maintained, if any potholes are observed Ensure vehicles Every 6 months activity 5.1 during monitoring, these must be fixed as soon as possible. and machinery service plans are maintained. Inspect roads for potholes and Monthly 134

No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer degradation. 38. Activity 2, Sub- Existing land Settling of dust  Refer to item 31 above. Refer to item 32 Refer to item 32 Refer to item 32 activity 2.1, use (soil and ore above. above. above. Activity 3, Sub- fines) on the activity 3.1, 3.2, surrounding area Activity 4, Sub- and crops activity 4.1, impacting on the Activity 5, Sub- quality of crops. activity 5.1, Activity 6, Sub- activity 6.1, Activity 7, Sub- activity 7.1 39. Activity 8, Sub- Social Steady reduction  Implement approved Social and Labour Plan (SLP) to limit As per SLP As per SLP As per SLP activity 8.1 in employment negative impact on employees. 40. Activity 1 Socio-economic Potential physical  Implementation of safety measures, work procedures and first Health and As per health and As per health and (general, all injuries or loss of aid should be implemented on site; Safety Control safety plan safety plan activities during life.  A health and safety plan in terms of the Mine Health and Safety Officer the operational Act (Act 29 of 1996) [as amended], should be drawn up to Site Manager phase) ensure worker safety;  The Site Manager should ensure that all equipment is maintained in a safe operating condition;  A record of health and safety incidents should be kept on site and made available for inspection;  Any health and safety incidents should be reported to the Site Manager immediately;  First aid facilities should be available on site at all times;  Workers have the right to refuse work in unsafe conditions; and  Material stockpiles or stacks should be stable and well secured to avoid collapse and possible injury to site workers. 41. Activity 1 Socio-economic Skills transfer  Skills training to be in accordance with the approved Social and Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all Labour Plan. employment is in activities during line with SLP the operational initiatives phase)

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No. Source Environmental Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring and activities / Aspect: Impact: manager / Frequency Inspection processes officer 42. Activity 1 Socio-economic Creation of job  Labourers should initially be sought locally and only regionally if Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all opportunities skills are not available; employment is in activities during  The approved Social and Labour Plan should be implemented. line with SLP the operational initiatives phase) 43. Activity 1 Social-economic Multiplier effect –  Skills training to be in accordance with the approved Social and Social Manager Ensure As required (general, all improved Labour Plan. employment is in activities during livelihoods  Labourers should initially be sought locally and only regionally if line with SLP the operational skills are not available; initiatives phase)  The approved Social and Labour Plan should be implemented.

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21. ACTION PLANS TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFIC GOALS CONTEMPLATED IN REGULATION 50 (A)

21.1 Time schedules of deadlines for each action to be undertaken to implement each technical or management option chosen. (Include all the items to be included in the list referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Refer to Table 6, Table 13 and Error! Reference source not found. for time schedules and deadlines

22. PROCEDURES FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY RELATED EMERGENCIES AND REMEDIATION. (AN ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY PLAN THAT INCLUDES ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT)

Refer to Annexure 5 for Emergency Response Procedure and Annexure 6 for the Spill Procedure

22.1 Objectives of Emergency and Remediation Procedure

This environmental emergency section of the EMPr describes the planned response to emergency situations. It addresses the following concerns:

1. Identification of potential accident and emergency situations and events; 2. Roles and Responsibility; 3. Planned response; 4. Provision of equipment and facilities; 5. Reporting of emergencies; and 6. Review of procedures.

22.2 Identification of potential environmental emergencies

Significant environmental aspects and their associated environmental impacts were identified for all Sky Sands Mine operational areas. In the process of identifying the environmental aspects and associated impacts and in formulating the EEP the following factors were taken into consideration: -

1. All significant environmental aspects identified under emergency conditions; 2. Historic emergency events of activities, products and services on/ off the site; 3. Chemicals, oils and other materials used on site; 4. Concerns of communities and authorities were submitted; 5. Proximity to sensitive areas such as residential areas, schools, wetlands, rivers etc; 6. Availability of local emergency services; and 7. Availability of trained, on-site personnel for emergency situations.

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Potential emergency situations identified on the Sky Sands Mine includes, but not limited to:

1. Petrochemical/chemical spillages; 2. Hazardous material spillages; 3. Fire – any situation which could be contained; 4. Untreated effluent spillages; 5. Spills of material; 6. Pipe rupture / burst; 7. Rupture of tanks or holding containers; 8. Explosion – involving flammable substances or electrical apparatus; 9. Social unrest; 10. Floods; 11. Fire outbreak; 12. Any other threats which may result in an emergency; and 13. Explosions and natural disasters.

Emergency plans have been documented for each of these stipulated emergencies, which include responsibilities in emergency situations, corrective and preventative actions and the reporting of such emergencies.

Where practicable, management measures were introduced to reduce the risk of such environmental emergencies occurring.

A site map indicating various aspects related to the potential SHE emergencies on site.

The site map includes the following information: -

 Identification of evacuation routes;  Identification of safety showers and eye-wash stations;  Identification of fire extinguishers;  Identification of spill containment equipment;  Effluent drains, stormwater channels, sewage treatment and other water systems;  Site infra-structure such as bulk storage facilities and Major Hazard Installations;  Prevailing wind directions and neighbouring communities and facilities; and  Emergency Generators.

22.3 Roles and Responsibilities

All employees working for Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd are responsible for reporting any accident / emergency to their supervisor immediately, and if required to notify the emergency response teams according to the Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd emergency call out procedure.

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The Sky Sands Mine is responsible for the annual testing and review of the applicable emergency response procedures. The periodic testing of response unit telephone numbers as well as testing of employee response must be carried out. All records of testing must be kept and maintained according to the EMS Records Procedure.

Personnel nominated as response team members will receive appropriate training to manage emergencies. All other personnel will be made aware of potential emergencies and trained in evacuation and call out procedures. Where practicable, personnel will participate in regular practice drills to test the effectiveness of the procedures and plans. Emergency plans are reviewed and tested by practice drill at least annually. The results of drills are reviewed and documented including any amendments to training, changes to procedures, plans or equipment.

22.3.1 Emergency Controller

In the event of a serious environmental emergency where intervention is required by emergency response teams, the emergency controller assumes overall control to ensure actions are coordinated to reduce the effects of the emergency.

The Emergency controller is responsible to communicate with external and internal emergency teams ensuring that clear status reports are available on the situation;

a) Type of incident; b) Location of incident; c) Possible number of injuries and type; and d) Evacuation status.

After notification of a possible Emergency the Emergency controller will:

 Proceed to the assembly point of the area in question and based on information available assess the situation and direct all activities.  Ensure that the receptionist has notified the required external emergency response teams.  Communicate with Municipal Emergency Response team co-ordinator on status of emergency.  Co-ordinate evacuation activities – collect the Assembly point attendance registers communicate with SHE manager on status of missing persons.  Ensure that records of all casualties are available and passed on to the Human resources representative. Names of the casualties may not be released to any source until their next of kin have been notified.  The emergency controller is not responsible for releasing any information to the public or media, the controller may merely confirm an incident has occurred and that a statement will be issued by an appointed representative.  When an emergency has stabilised the emergency controller may on the advice of the Emergency Response team commander declare the all clear.  If employees are allowed back into the building the emergency controller will coordinate this with the evacuation marshals.

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 Should the Emergency Response commander require a full evacuation that is away from the building then the Emergency controller will coordinate this with the evacuation marshals.  Where the emergency results in permanent damage to the buildings the emergency controller will along with the Contingency plan manager notify employees of further action to be taken.  The emergency controller is responsible to ensure the emergency plan is reviewed from time to time to ensure actions remain current.

22.3.2 Mine Manager

The mine manager will be notified of an emergency in one of the following ways:

 Contacted directly by persons discovering incident  Receptionist will notify via telephone system  Emergency controller will contact the mine manager.

On notification of an emergency the following actions are required:

 The mine manager will assume overall control of the area allocated to them.  An assessment of the situation will take place to determine action as appropriate, unless the emergency controller gives the direct instruction to immediate evacuation or partially evacuation of the area.  If there are injured persons the first aid assistance will be required, the emergency controller will be notified and first aid assistance will be sent to the required location if this can be achieved safely.  Arrangements will be made to guide the first aider or emergency repose team to the location of the injured persons.  The emergency controller will be informed of the nature and extent of the emergency, which areas, if any, should be evacuated and safest escape routes to be taken.  All personnel not required for essential duties are directed to the relevant emergency exits, fire exits and assembly points outside.  A final sweep will be made of the operational area to ensure all persons have evacuated, this may only be completed if this action will not endanger the mine manager.  The Roll Call Controller (supervisor) will call the names on the list to check that all workers are accounted for.  The evacuation marshal shall assist in arranging to have casualties removed to hospital.  Where possible the marshal will assist appointed persons establish the cause of the incident and record relevant facts.

22.3.3 Duty Security Officer

NORMAL WORKING HOURS

On hearing the alarm or if the security officer is informed of an emergency event:

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 The officer will activate the security panic button to inform the Security Controller.  Contact the receptionist for instructions from the Emergency Controller.  Access to the Parking area must be restricted to all vehicles except Emergency Response Vehicles.  The security officers will standby outside the entrance of building or other mining area and await further instruction.  The security officer will be required to arrange for the gate to the assembly area to be opened. Contact must be made with security personnel to ensure clear access is provided.

AFTER HOURS

 Depending on the type of emergency the officer will contact the Emergency Response Centre via telephone line.  Exact information must be given on status of emergency.  Restrict access to the parking area to all vehicles except Emergency Response Vehicles.  The officer will direct the response team to the location of the emergency.  The Security officer or the Security Controller may give no information out to the media, next of kin or any other person, other than through the appointed persons.

22.3.4 Persons Discovering An Emergency

Should any person discover a situation which may develop into an emergency, the person is responsible to react in a calm and responsible manner. Actions taken must ensure the most efficient actions can be taken to reduce the effects of the potential emergency.

 The person must immediately notify the receptionist who will, based on the nature of the incident contact the relevant emergency response team and mine manager.  If the person discovers a fire and has been trained to use a fire extinguisher they may attempt to extinguish the fire. This should not be attempted alone, notify a college who will then report to the receptionist.  Where electrical equipment is involved, switch off power supply, if this can be done safely.  If the injury is of a serious nature, the casualty must not be move except where there is a possibility of further injury and this should only be done by the first aider.  Do not remove any objects involved in the incident.  Take note of the time and circumstances of accident.  After reporting the incident and if the situation requires then move out of the building to the assembly point.

22.3.5 All Personnel

On hearing the alarm all persons must remain calm and await instructions from the emergency controller unless the situation clearly requires immediate evacuation.

 All persons must terminate all telephone calls, this will free up the lines for emergency communication only.  Unplug all electrical equipment if this can be done safely.

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 Move to the assembly points without panic, follow instructions from emergency controller where they are present.  Move directly to the assembly point and be sure you are marked present on the roll call register.  No information may be given out to the press, next of kin or any other person, other than through the appointed persons.  Persons allocated as assistants to disabled persons must ensure they assist them to the assembly points.  At the assembly points, if you are aware of any persons who have left the building/area or who were not present then this must be reported to the supervisor.  Wait at the assembly points for further instruction, if the all clear is given then move back to your work station.  Report any out of the ordinary situations to the SHE/OHS Practitioner or Department head.  Should a general evacuation be required from the assembly point then the Emergency response teams will guide all persons to a safe location.

IMPORTANT

 DO NOT congregate at the scene of the emergency unless directly involved in the emergency.  No information may be given out to the press, next of kin or any other person, other than through the Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd appointed persons.

22.3.6 Quick Reaction Team

Their responsibilities include the following:

 Arrange for evacuation of employees;  Render first aid; and  Salvage and restore company operations.

22.4 Response to Environmental Emergencies

The response plan for each of the identified potential emergency situations is reviewed to ensure that:

 Adequate plans, procedures and equipment are in place to respond to emergencies; and  The environmental impacts associated with these emergencies are mitigated.

Follow these rules in an emergency:

 Stop work and leave the building or mining site IMMEDIATELY when the alarm sounds or when you are instructed to do so.  Follow instructions, avoid panic, and cooperate with those responding to the emergency.  Proceed to the designated or nearest exit.  Turn off computers, equipment, vehicles or park at nearest safe zone.  Do NOT delay your exit from the building/open cast area by looking for belongings or other people.

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 When leaving the area, go to a clear area well away from the mining area.  Do not obstruct fire hydrants or the responding fire/rescue workers and their equipment.  Do not re-enter the building area until instructed to do so by your supervisor or fire/rescue worker.  The above rules will be enforced. Periodic fire emergency drills may be conducted. Your life and the lives of others will depend on your cooperation.

General: Where an environmental emergency occurs, personnel at the scene shall render assistance to limit further damage. There must be minimum delay in calling emergency services. The first responder must judge how much information to obtain before emergency services are called and further provide information on an ongoing basis, as it becomes available.

Fire: In the case of fire, set off the alarm and notify emergency services immediately. Secure the scene and isolate the area allowing sufficient space for access by the emergency services and escape routes in the event of an escalation of the incident. Follow evacuation procedures.

Spill Incidents: Assess the risk by means of MSDS for the spilled substance before taking any action. Where necessary call the emergency services immediately. Secure the scene and isolate the area to ensure the safety of people and the environment. Efforts to protect the environment must be weighed against the possibility of becoming part of the problem. The first responder must remain in command of the scene of the incident until the arrival of emergency services at which time he passes on all relevant information to the person in command.

Compile a brief written report as soon as possible thereafter while the facts are still fresh.

Evacuation: An evacuation may be ordered when any hazard (e.g. fire, floods, hazardous substance spill, toxic fumes or bomb threat) exists which may endanger the building or operational areas. Evacuation must be done according to a locally devised plan (site specific) which must take environmental hazards into account. Evacuation is to be initiated by an alarm and done in accordance with Occupational Health and safety guidelines.

Hazard Communication: Employees have a ‘right to know’ and be informed regarding the chemical and other hazards, that they and the environment are exposed to under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency. This document is applicable to all employees, including those working at remote facilities and operations, who engage in the use of hazardous chemicals. Information and inventories of hazardous chemicals, including MSDS’s must be available at all times where they are used. Employees using these products shall be trained in the specific handling precautions of substances used for their work. Induction programs for new employees must include relevant information described here. Ensure through the use of appropriate and visible signs that employees not normally assigned to the work area are aware of the hazards to which these areas are subject. Report all working conditions, which may put the environment at risk.

22.5 Reporting emergencies

Telephone hotlines are available 24 hours for the reporting and subsequent reaction to the emergency. Details are obtained from callers by the staff operating the hotline, in terms of basic information including type of emergency and appropriate details, time of

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call, location, caller identity etc. Call out procedural posters or notices are displayed across site. Hotline staff notifies response teams.

Response Team Telephone Numbers:

The South African Police: 10111 / 016 450 2000 Fire Department: (016) 440 1015 / 1000 - (016) 950 5000 / 5265 Ambulance: Netcare: 082 911, Provincial Ambulance Services: 10177

22.6 Emergency plan

An Emergency Plan needs to be created for each potential emergency situation. Each plan will provide easy reference to relevant basic information for handling the situation. The Emergency Plan is not intended to be a comprehensive instruction for handling the emergency. This can only be achieved through training and regular practice drills.

Actual emergencies are reported and followed up by the SHE Management Procedure for Non-conformity, corrective action and preventive action procedure.

It is to be ensured that relevant government authorities are contacted by the SHE Departments in terms of the occurrence as per legislative requirements. Information relative to a particular emergency is documented in the respective emergency plan including:

e) Description of the emergency; f) Reference to relevant material safety data sheets; g) Responsibilities for management of emergencies; h) Contact telephone numbers (on-site & off-site); i) Equipment required (including locations); and j) Site plan where applicable

22.7 Provision of Equipment and Facilities

Equipment associated with the identified emergencies is maintained as follows: -

Equipment Responsibility Fire extinguishers Each working area is responsible for the maintenance of Emergency spill kits their fire equipment. First aid boxes Front end loader Individual sites maintain vehicles as required. Excavator Emergency equipment Emergency response team

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22.8 Notifying the relevant government authorities

Emergencies must be reported within 24 hours by telephone or fax to the relevant government authorities.

Departments Telephone Numbers:

Department of Mineral Resources (011) 358 9700 / 9758 Department of Water and Sanitation (012) 392 1306/7 / 1423 The South African Police (016) 450 2262 / 2263 / 2000 Fire Department (016) 440 1015 / (016) 950 5000 Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (011) 240 2500

The information reported must include:

1. Contact Person and Contact Details; 2. Date and time of incident; 3. Reference to: 4. Sections 28 and 30 of the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) [as amended]; 5. Section 20 of the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) [as amended]; 6. The nature of the incident; 7. The substance involved and an estimation of the quantity released and the possible acute effect on persons and the environment and data needed to assess these effects; 8. Initial measures taken to minimise impacts; 9. Causes of the incident, whether direct or indirect, including equipment, technology, system or management failure; 10. Measures taken and to be taken to avoid a recurrence of such incidents; and 11. A report, including the above-mentioned information, is to be submitted to the Director-General of Environmental Affairs within 14 days.

22.9 Preventative Measures

 Hazard Avoidance: Haul Roads, Aisles, passages and on site thoroughfares to be kept clear of obstructions. Permanent aisles and passageways should be appropriately marked. The area around exits shall be maintained so that they are unobstructed and accessible at all times  Fire protection: Portable fire extinguishers suitable to each areas conditions and hazards shall be provided and in a ready to use condition. They should be conspicuously located and mounted so as to be readily accessible. Fire extinguisher training to be provided to designated fire marshals.  Site inspection to include observation and reporting on site-specific aspects relating to this guideline.

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 Appropriate evacuation procedures and a program of periodic drills shall be drawn up and maintained. The SHE Manager shall provide a suitable building and mining operational site evacuation procedure and take responsibility for the maintenance thereof.

23. PLANNED MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

23.1 Description of planned monitoring of the aspects of the environment which may be impacted upon

Regular monitoring of all the environmental management procedures and mitigation measures shall be carried out, to ensure that the provisions of this EMPr are adhered to. Time frames and frequency of reporting are provided in Table 13.

23.2 Provide a description as to how the implementation of the action plans contemplated in regulation 51 (b) (ii) as described will be monitored as described in paragraph 21 of the EMPr

Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd will appoint independent practitioners to conduct monitoring at the site on a continuous basis. The mine manager is required to ensure that any deficiencies are corrected immediately. Annual performance assessments of the environmental management programme will also be conducted by an independent practitioner.

Also refer to Section 23.1 and Error! Reference source not found. above

23.3 Frequency of proposed reporting for assessment purposes

Please refer to Table 13 above

24. FINANCIAL PROVISION IN RELATION TO THE EXECUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME:-

24.1 Plan showing the location and aerial extent of the aforesaid main mining actions, activities, or processes anticipated. (Include all the items referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

For a plan showing the mine layout, location and aerial extent refer to Annexure 2: Maps and GIS / Mine Works Programme

24.2 Annual forecasted financial provision calculation (Refer to the concomitant section of the EIA and EMPr guideline)

The financial provision for rehabilitation has been calculated according to the DMR quantum and provision for details in this regard refer to Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations / Section 102 Application.

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24.3 Confirmation of the amount that will be provided should the right be granted

Based on the extent of the current disturbance and by utilising the Department of Minerals and Energy guideline document for calculating financial provision, Group Five Construction Proprietary Limited need to provide a financial provision value of R 8 215 824.86.

(Last calculation October 2014 by Mhlaba Environmental Services)

Refer to Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations

24.4 The method of providing financial provision contemplated in Regulation 53.

Determination of the financial provision (closure costing) has been undertaken aligned to the requirements of the DMR’s financial provision guideline (2005), as well as to international good practice.

The approach or method followed with the determination of the closure costs is as follows:

 Gathering and collating the available information from the project knowledge base to devise the project closure context;  Obtaining additional information, where required, on infrastructural layouts and mine planning;  Compiling a bill of quantities (BoQ), or inventory, based on the available information at the time of this costing, on mine- related plant and infrastructure with measurements scaled from available drawings or as obtained from the mine planners;  Determining applicable unit rates for the costing;  Compiling costing spread sheets, structured in terms of the following categories:  Infrastructural areas;  Mining areas;  General surface rehabilitation;  Water management;  Post-closure aspects; and  Additional allowances.

The financial provision will be provided by means of a bank guarantee.

For further detail refer to Annexure 4 - Financial provision.

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25. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS PLAN (SECTION 39 (3) (C)) (INCLUDE ALL THE ITEMS REFERRED TO IN THE CONCOMITANT SECTION OF THE GUIDELINE POSTED ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE DEPARTMENT)

The SM shall ensure that all Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd employees are familiar with the EMPr requirements and have a basic level of environmental awareness training. The SM shall undertake basic environmental awareness induction training prior to the start of construction activities on site. Topics to be covered by the training should include inter alia:

 What is meant by “environment”?  Why the environment needs to be protected and conserved.  How construction and operational activities can impact on the environment.  What measures can be taken to mitigate against these impacts.  Prevention of pollution and litter control and the minimisation of disturbance to sensitive areas.  The need for a “clean site” policy also needs to be conveyed to construction workers.  Worker conduct on site which encompasses a general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas.

Sky Sands mine will implement an Environmental Awareness Plan (EAP). The material of information used to compile the EAP will be the approved MPRDA EMPr as well as other relevant specialist reports. The documents will be utilised to compile a database, which will contain all medium to high significant environmental aspects and issues. The environmental issues and aspects will be entered into the database with associated mitigation measures and responses, along with the specific legislation that governs such an impact or aspect (Refer to Table 17 below). All full time staff are required to attend induction sessions. Employees should be inducted when they start at the mine and when they return from leave. Any contractor, who works on the mine for a period of 24 hours or more, shall be required to undergo the respective Head of Department/ Unit (H.O.D.) induction training. Environmental issues and aspects related to the operations must be addressed in induction sessions. All environmental impacts and aspects and their mitigatory measures will be discussed, explained and communicated to employees. The induction sessions will be modified according to the level of employee attending the induction session, so that all employees gain a suitable understanding of environmental issues and pollution.

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Table 17: Environmental awareness and training ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND / OBJECTIVES PERFORMANCE PROCEDURES / MITIGATION AND MONITORING RESPONSIBILITIES IMPACT REQUIREMENTS SITE CONTEXT INDICATORS MANAGEMENT MEASURES AND REPORTING EXAMPLE NEM: AQA (No. 39 Dust generation as Minimize dust Gravimetric Dust Operator vehicles to keep to a 20km/hr SM SM and Applicant of 2004) a result of site generation and Fallout must be speed limit on gravel access roads on site to Excessive dust establishment and associated below the stipulated minimise dust generation. generation which Dust Control bulk earthworks nuisance limit 1200 impacts air quality Regulations (GN Use water for damping down dust on roads (construction during mg/m²/day; and health and 872 November wherever possible. phase) and construction safety of the workers 2013) No evidence or haulage, blasting and operational Ensure establishment of vegetation in and adjacent reports of and mineral phases. previously disturbed areas. community. significant dust processing and issues. Dust suppression on stockpile areas on storage windy periods. (operational phase)

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The following must be addressed during the Environmental Awareness Training (construction and operational phases) of the mine:

 Hazardous materials handling and storage and disposal;  Housekeeping and waste management;  Alien and invasive species management;  Water resource use and management;  Noise management;  Stormwater and erosion control; and  Environmental emergencies (fire, spillages)

26. ATTACHMENT OF SPECIALIST REPORTS, TECHNICAL AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION. (PROVIDE A LIST)

The specialists’ studies describing the natural environment surrounding the proposed mine is attached in Annexure 1: Specialists’ Reports.

The studies consist of the following:

 Previous amended environmental management programme;  Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan;  Wetlands Assessment;  Avifaunal specialist assessment;  Amphibian and reptile specialist assessment;  Heritage Impact Assessment; and  Social and Labour Plan

27. SECTION 39 (4) (a) (iii), Capacity to manage and rehabilitate the environment (Include all the items referred to in the concomitant section of the guideline posted on the official website of the Department)

Sky Sands (Pty) Ltd, has the technical and financial ability to manage and rehabilitate the environment. Details of their technical ability were included in the Mine Works Programme, whilst the financial ability has been proved in Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations.

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28. UNDERTAKING

The Environmental Management Programme will, should it comply with the provisions of section 39 (4) (a) of the Act and the right be granted, be approved and become an obligation in terms of the right issued. As part of the proposed Environmental Management Programme, the applicant is required to provide an undertaking that it will be executed as approved and that the provisions of the Act and regulations thereto will be complied with.

29. IDENTIFICATION OF THE REPORT

Herewith I, the person whose name and identity number is stated below, confirm that I am the person authorised to act as representative of the applicant in terms of the resolution submitted with the application, and confirm that the above report comprises EIA and EMPr compiled in accordance with the guideline on the Departments official website and the directive in terms of sections 29 and 39 (5) in that regard. Full Names and Surname Mr Gary Conrad

Identity Number

Signature

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30. REFERENCES

Abe, T. & Tsuruta, T. (1996). AEPA, 1996. Elsevier Ltd. Redwood books. Oxford. ISBN: 978-0-08-042824-6.

Acocks, J.P.H. (1988). Veld types of South Africa, 3rd Edition. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. No 28.

AGIS (2006). Orientation Atlas. http://www.agis.agric.za/

ARC (1976): Land Type Series (1:250 000) 2528 East Rand, produced by the Department of Agricultural Technical Services and the Soil and Irrigation Research Institute.

Barnes K.N. (Ed). (2000). The Eskom Red Data Book of Birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.

Branch W.R. (Ed). (1988). South African Red Data Book – Reptiles and Amphibians. NMB Printers, Port Elisabeth.

Cambridge University Press, Cape Town. SImetric.co.uk, 2007, Mass, Weight, Density, or Specific Gravity of Bulk Materials, from http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm, accessed on 2007-05-30 at 16:56 SAST.

Coetzee, F.P. (2009). Cultural Heritage Survey of the farm Panfontein 437IR, Vereeniging, Emfuleni Local Municipality, Gauteng. Unpublished Report.

Council for Geoscience. (2007), Groundwater Quality Data, available on request from [email protected].

Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), 1998: Guideline Document, EIA Regulations. Published by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

DEAT, University of DM, 1978: Geological Series (1: 250 000) 2528 Pretoria, produced by the Department of Mines. Government Printers, Pretoria.

EWT, 2004. Red Data Book of the Mammals of South Africa: A conservation Assessment. Endangered Wildlife Trust, Johannesburg.

GDACE, 2004a. Gauteng State of the Environment Report 2004. Gauteng Provincial Government – Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment.

GDACE, 2004b. Gauteng Agricultural Potential Atlas. Gauteng Provincial Government – Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment.

Geo-Consult International, 2007. A Due Diligence Assessment of the Sky Sand (Pty) Ltd Plaster Sand Resource and a Rock Deposit for Group Five Limited, Geo-Consult International

Golder, 2014: Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP). Unpublished report. 152

Haacke, W.D. (2009). Herpetofauna Habitat Assessment of Sky Sands Mine on Farms Panfontien 437 IR & Vischgat 467 IR. Unpublished Report.

Hoare, D. (2009). Vegetation and Red Data plant species assessment at Sky Sands on the farm Panfontein 437 IR, Vereeniging, Gauteng. Unpublished report.

Hockey P.A.R., Dean W.R.J., and Ryan P.G. 2005: Robert’s Birds of Southern Africa, seventh edition. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town. http://www.localgovernment.co.za/provinces/view/3/gauteng ©2012-2015 Yes Media. All rights reserved. Version: 2.3.2. http://led.co.za/municipality/midvaal-local-municipality.

(Local government) http://www.localgovernment.co.za/locals/view/62/Midvaal-Local-Municipality#demographic: Source: Census 2011 Municipal Fact Sheet, published by Statistics South Africa.

(Local government) http://www.localgovernment.co.za/locals/view/62/Midvaal-Local Municipality#demographic

Low A.B. and Rebelo A.G. (1995): Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

Midgley D.C., Pitman W.V. and Middelton B.J. (1994a): Surface Water Resources of South Africa 1990, Book of Maps Volume II. Compiled by The Water Research Commission, WRC Report No. 298/2.2/94.

Midgley D.C., Pitman W.V. and Middelton B.J. (1994b): Surface Water Resources of South Africa 1990, Volume II Appendices. Compiled by The Water Research Commission, WRC Report No. 298/2.1/94.

Minter L.R., M. Burger, J.A. Harrison, H.H. Braak, P.J. Bishop, and D. Kloepfer (Eds). (2004). Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SI/MBA Series #9.

Mucina, L., Rutherford, M.C. & Powrie, L.W. (editors) (2005). Vegetation map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN 1-919976-22-1

Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (editors). (2006). Vegetation map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: an illustrated guide. Strelitzia 19, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Nicholson, A., Robinson, N., & Wilreker, G. (2007). Amended Environmental Management Programme. Umhlabu Environmental Consultants CC.

Rutherford, M.C. & Westfall, R.H. (1994). Biomes of southern Africa: an objective categorization. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 63.

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Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC. Skinner J.D., and Chimimba C.T. (2005). Mammals of the Southern African Subregion. Third Edition.

Smithers H.N. (1996). Smither’s Mammals of Southern Africa, A Field Guide. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House.

STATS SA, 2001. http://www.statssa.gov.za.

STATS SA, 2011. http://www.statssa.gov.za. van der Watt H.v.H, and van Rooyen T.H, 1995: Glossary of Soil Science, Second Edition. Soil Science Society of South Africa. Pretoria.

Vadex Consulting cc. 2012. Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan - Sky Sand Mine. Unpublished Report.

Vegter J.R., 1995: Ground Water Resources of the Republic of South Africa, Map Sheet 2. Water Research Commission. Supporting Report No.: TT 74/95.

Wetland Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd, 2009. Avifauna Study for the Proposed Expansion of the Sky Sand Mining and Prospecting Area near Vereeniging, Gauteng Province. Unpublished Report, Reference Number: Skysands 01047 /2014.

Wetland Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd, 2010. Wetland delineation and functional assessment For the Sky Sands- Sand mine along the Vaal River, Midvaal Municipality, Gauteng. Unpublished Report, Reference Number: 009/2009.

Wetland Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd, 2014. Wetland Impact Assessment & Mitigation Strategy for Sky Sand Mine, Gauteng Province. Unpublished Report, Reference Number: 508b/2009.

31. LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure 1: Specialist Reports

Annexure 1.1: Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (Golder, 2014)

Annexure 1.2: Wetlands Assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2014)

Annexure 1.3: Vegetation Study (Hoare, 2009)

Annexure 1.4: Avifaunal specialist assessment (Wetland Consulting Services, 2009)

Annexure 1.5: Amphibian and reptile specialist assessment (Galago Environmental, 2009)

Annexure 1.6: Cultural and Heritage Impact Assessment (Coetzee, 2009)

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Annexure 2: Maps and GIS

Annexure 3: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

Annexure 4: Financial Provision and Quantum Calculations

Annexure 5: Emergency Response Procedure

Annexure 6: Spill Procedure

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