Voltaire Contra Los Fanáticos
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Jrb DAE 2019 Binnenwerk.Indd 105 22-10-19 09:32 106 Kees Van Strien
Kees van Strien Een talent van wereldformaat: God of ketter Voltaire in de Republiek, 1733-1778 Kernwoorden: Voltaire – receptiegeschiedenis – Haagse uitgevers – Nederlandse vertalers – toneelkritiek In dit artikel wil ik een globaal overzicht geven van de manier waarop er in de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden is gereageerd op Voltaire (1694- 1778) als persoon en auteur tijdens diens leven. Het was een tijd waarin welge- stelde families hun kinderen Franstalig lieten opvoeden en waarin de jonge Bel- le van Zuylen en leden van families zoals Boreel en Van Hogendorp met elkaar in het Frans correspondeerden. Ze waren meer vertrouwd met de fabels van La Fontaine en de komedies van Molière dan met vader Cats en werk van andere literatoren van eigen bodem. De taal van Voltaire en de man zelf maakten zo- doende integraal deel uit van het literaire landschap in de Republiek. Voltaire had er ook persoonlijke kennissen. Tussen 1736 en 1743 verbleef hij ruim zes maanden in Holland. Daar woonden veel van zijn uitgevers en was hij, dankzij Nederlands- en Franstalige tijdschriften, vooral bekend als boeiend historicus en schrijver van toneelstukken die ook hier gespeeld en vertaald werden. Boven- dien kwam hij als vertrouweling van koning Frederik II van Pruisen en als ie- mand die vaak met overheid en kerk in de clinch lag, regelmatig in het nieuws. Bij mijn onderzoek heb ik wat betreft Franstalige kranten en tijdschriften dankbaar gebruik gemaakt van de onvolprezen internetsite Le Gazetier universel en voor de Nederlandstalige van Delpher en de Encyclopedie van Nederlandstalige tijdschriften (Rietje van Vliet, ed.). Veel andere informatie is afkomstig uit fami- liearchieven, vooral briefwisselingen en dagboeken. -
The Origins of Contemporary France: the Ancient Regime
The Origins of Contemporary France: The Ancient Regime Hippolyte A. Taine The Origins of Contemporary France: The Ancient Regime Table of Contents The Origins of Contemporary France: The Ancient Regime...............................................................................1 Hippolyte A. Taine.........................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................4 PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM....................................9 BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY......................................................................12 CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES..........................................................................................13 CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES...........................................................................................19 CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES........................................27 CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES.......................................43 BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS...............................................................................................56 CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME...............................................57 CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE.[1]..............................................................................................76 -
A Biographical Critique of Voltaire by John Morely) [1872]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. John Morley, The Works of Voltaire, Vol. XXI (A Biographical Critique of Voltaire by John Morely) [1872] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. -
Voltaire's History of Charles XII, King of Sweden
EVERYMAN S LIBRARY EDITED BY ERNEST RHYS BIOGRAPHY VOLTAIRE S HISTORY OF CHARLES TWELFTH INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY RT. HON. JOHN BURNS, M.P. THE PUBLISHERS OF LIBIfyFRr WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND FREELY TO ALL APPLICANTS A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED AND PROJECTED VOLUMES TO BE COMPRISED UNDER THE FOLLOWING THIRTEEN HEADINGS: TRAVEL ^ SCIENCE ^ FICTION THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY HISTORY ^ CLASSICAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ESSAYS ^ ORATORY POETRY & DRAMA BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE ROMANCE IN FOUR STYLES OF BINDING : CLOTH, FLAT BACK, COLOURED TOP ; LEATHER, ROUND CORNERS, GILT TOP; LIBRARY BINDING IN CLOTH, & QUARTER PIGSKIN LTD. LONDON: J. M. DENT & SONS, NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. VOLTAIRE S HI STORY of CHARLES XII KING SWEDEN Translated 6y WINIFRED -<D TODHUNTER LONDON: PUBLISHED byJ-M-DENT S-SONS-IS3 AND IN NEW YORK BY E-P- DUTTONSCO FIRST ISSUE OF THIS EDITION . 1908 REPRINTED .... 1912 PREFATORY NOTE " much To Charles the Twelfth of Sweden I owe in best stead all It of what has stood me my life. but a that was nearly thirty years ago, when boy, in the New Cut. I I bought his Life for a penny a took it home and devoured it. It made great but the impression on me. Not his wars, Spartan me with the heroism of his character. He inspired over weakness, weari idea of triumphing physical to bear all manner ness and pain. To inure his body to bathe in ice, or of hardships indifferently, face his the torrid rays of the sun, to discipline physical the niceties powers by gymnastics, to despise of to make his an instrument as food and drink, body and at the same time to have that of tempered steel, the mind, that body absolutely at the disposition of seemed to me conduct worthy of a hero. -
The Venetian Conspiracy
The Venetian Conspiracy « Against Oligarchy – Table of Contents Address delivered to the ICLC Conference near Wiesbaden, Germany, Easter Sunday, 1981; (appeared in Campaigner, September, 1981) Periods of history marked, like the one we are living through, by the convulsive instability of human institutions pose a special challenge for those who seek to base their actions on adequate and authentic knowledge of historical process. Such knowledge can come only through viewing history as the lawful interplay of contending conspiracies pitting Platonists against their epistemological and political adversaries. There is no better way to gain insight into such matters than through the study of the history of the Venetian oligarchy, the classic example of oligarchical despotism and evil outside of the Far East. Venice called itself the Serenissima Republica (Serene Republic), but it was no republic in any sense comprehensible to an American, as James Fenimore Cooper points out in the preface to his novel The Bravo. But its sinister institutions do provide an unmatched continuity of the most hideous oligarchical rule for fifteen centuries and more, from the years of the moribund Roman Empire in the West to the Napoleonic Wars, only yesterday in historical terms. Venice can best be thought of as a kind of conveyor belt, transporting the Babylonian contagions of decadent antiquity smack dab into the world of modern states. The more than one and one-half millennia of Venetian continuity is first of all that of the oligarchical families and the government that was their stooge, but it is even more the relentless application of a characteristic method of statecraft and political intelligence. -
Courtiers and Favourites of Royalty
I CSburfiers and O/ •/vitlllVIll {IJ ith Contemporar ColL French V\ Lr iBRARUN AT T)l' " I Speak then ! am prepared for anything Froîn'th'e palîitîhg by E. Lami Socièf: a 0\4errtU tir 'Baker Courtiers and Favoimtes of T{oyalty Semoirs of the Court of France Witli Contemporary and IModern lUiistrations Colleôted from the French U^ational ^Archives BY Léon Vallée LIBRARIAN AT THE BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE (Memoirs (•Madame d' Épinay In Three Volumes Vol. II Paris Société des bibliophiles New York zMerrill &- 'Baker EDITION T>U "PETIT TRIANON Limited to One TJiousand Sets ^^^ No._ ,VX aiuoJ ,3ni>I scil îêiIî §ni:>l2fi ,toiabiQ \o lallsJ ddt oi x^&iàli z'id Iha oi miri asnoritur; mzzu9\ lo 223iqm3 ;nq .xf .rM 9311b'.' ,. - . ««È««a4£g^ Letter of Diderot, asking that the King, Louis XV, authorize him to sell liis library to the Empres^ of Russia From the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris "Manuscrits français, nouvelles acquisitions, j/r No. 31, page 57' Photographed under the direction of Léon Vallée especially for this work ^: ^ ^= V ^ s ^ ^ *^ ^ ^ •- N ^' '^^ N ^ ^ >^ 1 1 li > ^< i ^ ^ '^ 5 I ] f^N Ml ^ > "^ \ \ '^ -^ > ^ X y l ^ ^ .X ^ o LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME n " SpEAK, THEN ! I ASI PREPARED FOR AnYTHING." FrOUtispieCe paqb FrANCCEIL PROTB8TING Hl8 INNOCENCE .12 Petrus Nicole 36 St. Germain . 42 Carlo Vanloo 48 Charles Pineau Duclos ......... 186 The Hermitaoe 230 Monsieur Grimm's Tête-à-tête with Madame d'Épinat . 264 Chantilly 328 MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE or MADAME D'ÉPINAY CONTENTS OF VOL. II Chapter VII {tontinued). PAOS Departure of the travellera—Madame d'Épinay hurries to Mailleraye •with her husband—M. -
Bibliographie Provisoire Des Uaduuions Nderlandaises Er
\ STUDIES ON VOLTAIRE serontpoint fAch6sde voir ce suppl6mentret Peut-Ctreinspirera-t- il i ceui qui le sont encorele d6sirde cesserde l'6tre6e. Du resie,s'il est vrai, comme l'avanceM. Pomeau,que de nos iours 'les Frangais continuent de ressembleraux Welches'60, les censureset les moquerieslanc6es par Voltaire contre sescom- Bibliographie provisoire des uaduuions patriotesdtaient m6rit6es: ceux qu'on aime, on les chAtie.Et s'il est vrai, commele prdtendDiderot, que le sentimentpatriotique nderlandaiseser flamandes de Volmire 'embrassele bonheur actuelet futur de la cit6'6r'Voltaire m6ritele titre de bon patriote.Ma1gr6 tout ce qu'il reprochaitd son pays, par Jeroom Vercruysse il I'aimait, to.-,ten le critiquant, dans le desseinet I'esp6rancede I'am€liorerselon ses iddes et son iddal,influence, en I'occurtence, par l'exempled'un autrepays. Somme toute, il se conformaiti sa Contenu propre prescription,qu' 'il faut aimersa patrie, quelques injustices qu'on y essuie'62. Prdface,p.zr ss Mdlanges, 6d. van den Heuvel, voudrais dire que.cette f€te n'6tait pas p'73','8,u, Extraits divers, nos r-6 ;.u*,., des.tudes vor- :l'l:1"t:-"'",t"it"il!.ilili{::'r:,A:i: (Euyres tairiennes' in Troror* sur Voltaire et ains, on est convaincu que le triomphe riunies, no 7 (1911), i.zoo. n'6tait pas seulement pr6par6 et Ie xwrte siicle - (Dluyres aLY ok supro, n'.5. accueilli par les voltairiens, mais que le isoldes,nos 8-r54 02 Lettre I J. J. Ro.rtseau, jo aoirt peuple lui-m€me ddsirait sincdrement ont dir reconnaitre honorer l'lomme avait kylt Correspondance,nos r 1755. -
The Role of the Venetian Oligarchy in Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Enlightenment, and the Thirty Years’ War
Against Oligarchy (http://tarpley.net Website of Webster Griffin Tarpley) MIA 1 | P a g e May 22, 2011 Against Oligarchy (http://tarpley.net Website of Webster Griffin Tarpley) Venice The Venetian Conspiracy Address delivered to the ICLC Conference near Wiesbaden, Germany, Easter Sunday, 1981; (appeared in Campaigner, September, 1981) Periods of history marked, like the one we are living through, by the convulsive instability of human institutions pose a special challenge for those who seek to base their actions on adequate and authentic knowledge of historical process. Such knowledge can come only through viewing history as the lawful interplay of contending conspiracies pitting Platonists against their epistemological and political adversaries. There is no better way to gain insight into such matters than through the study of the history of the Venetian oligarchy, the classic example of oligarchical despotism and evil outside of the Far East. Venice called itself the Serenissima Republica (Serene Republic), but it was no republic in any sense comprehensible to an American, as James Fenimore Cooper points out in the preface to his novel The Bravo. But its sinister institutions do provide an unmatched continuity of the most hideous oligarchical rule for fifteen centuries and more, from the years of the moribund Roman Empire in the West to the Napoleonic Wars, only yesterday in historical terms. Venice can best be thought of as a kind of conveyor belt, transporting the Babylonian contagions of decadent antiquity smack dab into the world of modern states. The more than one and one-half millennia of Venetian continuity is first of all that of the oligarchical families and the government that was their stooge, but it is even more the relentless application of a characteristic method of statecraft and political intelligence. -
The WORKS OJ VOLTAZRE * *
The WORKS OJ VOLTAZRE "Between two servants of Humanr'ty, who appeared eighteen hundred years apart, there is a mysferious rrlation. * * * * Let ur'say $2 wilh a sentiment of' profound resjrct: JESUS WEPT: VOLTAIRE SMILED. Of that diwinr trar and of that human smde is composcd the sweetness of thr present civilixattbn. ' vrcjrOR nmo. @rlE HVNWED 8tSIkTf-EIGKT DESIGNS, i3Y*1MISING REPRODVCiIONS OF RARE ajl~ENGRALIINGS, SELL PLlriiES, PHO- TOGRPVJKC5 & CURIOUS FAC-SIMILE& c I *i 4 * IfWRUCTIOyAL RESOURCES CENTER COLLEGE OF DU PAGE COPYRICHTI Ipl, BY E. R. DUMONT OWNEDBY THESr. HVERT Gum Nsw YOU VOLTAI RE INTRODUCTORY AND BIOGRAPHICAL VICTOR HUGO’S ORATION CANDIDE POETICAL DISSERTATIONS VOL. ]-PART I CONTENTS ME. PUBLISHERS’PREFACE . e.5 INTRODUCTION.... “9 THE MANY-SIDEDVOLTAIRE . 14 INCIDENTS IN HIS LIFE . 15 OLIVERGOLDSMITH ON VOLTAIRE . * . 32 HIS LIFE PURPOSE. ’ 39 VICTORHUGO’S ORATION . - 44 CANDIDE;OR, THE OPTIMIST a 59 PARTI1 . : 209 POETICALDISSERTATIONS: ON EQUALITYOF CONDITIONS. a83 ON LIBERTY . 289 ON THE NATURE OF MAN . ‘ * 295 ON MODERATIONIN ALL THINGS . 302 LIST OF PLATES PARTI PAOB MEETINGOF VOLTAIREAND FRANKLIN Frontispiece VICTORHUGO . , . 44 VIRTUETRIUMPHANT OVER VICE . , . z8a PUBLISHER’S PREFACE. Students of Voltaire need not be told that nearly every important circumstance in connection with the history of this extraordinary man, from his birth to the final interment of his ashes in the Pantheon at Paris, is still matter of bitter con- troversy. If, guided in our judgment by the detractors of Voltaire, we were to read only the vituperative pro- ductions of the sentimentalists, the orthodox critics of the schools, the Dr. Johnsons, the Abb6 Maynards, Voltaire would still remain the most remarkable man of the eighteenth century. -
Voltaire a Sketch of His Life and Works
Voltaire A Sketch Of His Life And Works By G. W. Foote Voltaire A Sketch Of His Life And Works EARLY LIFE Two hundred years ago, on November 21st, 1604, a child emerged on the world at Paris. The baptismal register on the following day gave the name François Marie Arouet, and the youth afterwards christened himself Voltaire. The flesh was so weakly that the babe was ondovc (the term employed for informal sprinkling with water at home), lest there might be no time for the ecclesiastical rite. 1. He was a younger son. The name Voltaire is, perhaps, an anagram of the Arouet 1. j. (le jeune) the u being converted into r, and the j into r. In like manner, an old college tutor of his, Père Thoulié, transformed himself, by a similar anagrammatic process, into the Abbé Olivetomitting the unnecessary h from his original name. This method of reforming a plebeian name into one more distinguishedlooking seems not to have been uncommon in those times, as Jean Baptiste Pocquelin took the name of Molière, and Charles Secondât that of Montesquieu. Something may have been wrong with the performance of the sacred ceremony, since the child certainly grew up to think more of “the world, the flesh, and the devil” than of the other trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. His father was a respectable attorney, and his mother came of noble family. His godfather and early preceptor was the Abbé de Chateauneuf, who made no pietist of him, but introduced him to his friend, the famous Ninon l'Enclos, the antiquated Aspasia who is said to have inspired a passion in the l‟Abbé Gedouin at the age of eighty, and who was sufficiently struck with young Voltaire to leave him a legacy of two thousand francs, wherewith to provide himself a library. -
Voltaire: a Sketch of His Life and Works
VOLTAIRE: A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS is eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at hp://www.gutenberg.org/license. Title: Voltaire: A Sket of his Life and Works Author: J. M. Wheeler and G. W. Foote Release Date: Mar , [EBook #] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF- *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOLTAIRE: A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS *** Produced by David Widger. ii VOLTAIRE: A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS WITH SELECTIONS FROM HIS WRITINGS By J. M. Wheeler & G. W. Foote. London CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PREFACE EARLY LIFE HEGIRA TO ENGLAND EXAMPLES FROM ENGLAND AT CIREY “CANDIDE” THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA LAST DAYS HIS CHARACTER AND SERVICES TRIBUTES TO VOLTAIRE SELECTIONS FROM VOLTAIRE’S WORKS History Wars Politics e Population estion Nature’s Way iv Prayer Doubt and Speculation Dr. Pangloss and the Dervish Motives for Conduct Self-Love Go From Your Village Religious Prejudices Sacred History Dupe And Rogue “Delenda Est Carthago” Jesus and Mohammed How Faiths Spread Superstition e Bible Transubstantiation Dreams and Ghosts Mortifying the Flesh Heaven Magic DETACHED THOUGHTS INTRODUCTION share in this lile book on Voltaire is a very minor one. My old friend and M colleague, Mr. J. M. Wheeler, had wrien the greater part of the following pages before he brought the enterprise to my aention. I went through his copy with him, and assisted him in making some alterations and additions.