Diagnosing the Downstream Impact of Extratropical Transition Using Multimodel Operational Ensemble Prediction Systems
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Humanitarian Service Medal - Approved Operations Current As Of: 1 July 2020
Humanitarian Service Medal - Approved Operations Current as of: 1 July 2020 Operation Start Date End Date Geographic Area1 DoD Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 31-Jan-20 TBD Global Operations / Activities Cities of Maputo, Quelimane, Chimoio, Tropical Cyclone Idai 23-Mar-19 13-Apr-19 and Beira, Mozambique Guam and U.S. Commonwealth of Typhoon Mangkhut and Super Typhoon Yutu 11-Sep-18 2-Feb-19 Northern Mariana Islands Designated counties in North Carolina and Hurricane Florence 7-Sep-18 8-Oct-18 South Carolina California Wild Land Fires 10-Aug-18 6-Sep-18 California Operation WILD BOAR (Tham Luang Nang 26-Jun-18 14-Jul-18 Thailand, Chiang Rai Region Non Cave rescue operation) Florida; Caribbean, and adjacent waters, Hurricanes Irma and Maria 8-Sep-17 20-Oct-17 from Barbados northward to Anguilla, and then westward to the Florida Straits Hurricane Harvey TX counties: Aransas, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Brazoria, Calhoun, Chambers, Colorado, DeWitt, Fayette, Fort Bend, Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Hardin, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Karnes, Kleberg, Lavaca, Lee, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Newton, 23-Aug-17 31-Oct-17 Texas and Louisiana Nueces, Orange, Polk, Refugio, Sabine, San Jacinto, San Patricio, Tyler, Victoria, Waller, and Wharton. LA parishes: Acadia, Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, Cameron, Iberia, Jefferson Davis, Natchitoches, Rapides, Sabine, Vermilion, and Vernon. Sri Lanka flood relief 12-Jun-17 15-Jun-17 Sri Lanka New Zealand earthquake relief 17-Nov-16 20-Nov-16 New Zealand Hurricane Matthew 4-Oct-16 19-Oct-16 Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, and Cayman Islands Washington Wild Land Fires 16-Aug-15 14-Sep-15 Washington Operation SAHAYOGI HAAT (Earthquake Relief) – Joint Task Force 505 (III Marine 27-Apr-15 26-May-15 Nepal Expeditionary Force) Tropical Storm Hanna, Honduras 29-Oct-14 30-Oct-14 Honduras Government of Slovenia Assistance (Operation 7-Feb-14 12-Feb-14 Slovenia Urgent Response) U.S. -
Surface Cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part I
748 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 129 Surface Cyclolysis in the North Paci®c Ocean. Part I: A Synoptic Climatology JONATHAN E. MARTIN,RHETT D. GRAUMAN, AND NATHAN MARSILI Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of WisconsinÐMadison, Madison, Wisconsin (Manuscript received 20 January 2000, in ®nal form 16 August 2000) ABSTRACT A continuous 11-yr sample of extratropical cyclones in the North Paci®c Ocean is used to construct a synoptic climatology of surface cyclolysis in the region. The analysis concentrates on the small population of all decaying cyclones that experience at least one 12-h period in which the sea level pressure increases by 9 hPa or more. Such periods are de®ned as threshold ®lling periods (TFPs). A subset of TFPs, referred to as rapid cyclolysis periods (RCPs), characterized by sea level pressure increases of at least 12 hPa in 12 h, is also considered. The geographical distribution, spectrum of decay rates, and the interannual variability in the number of TFP and RCP cyclones are presented. The Gulf of Alaska and Paci®c Northwest are found to be primary regions for moderate to rapid cyclolysis with a secondary frequency maximum in the Bering Sea. Moderate to rapid cyclolysis is found to be predominantly a cold season phenomena most likely to occur in a cyclone with an initially low sea level pressure minimum. The number of TFP±RCP cyclones in the North Paci®c basin in a given year is fairly well correlated with the phase of the El NinÄo±Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as measured by the multivariate ENSO index. -
Adam J Zebzda
INFLUENCES OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AND BROWN OCEAN EFFECT AND THEIR IMPACTS ON LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONES AN PROVINCIAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS Adam Jozef Zebzda*1 Mount Tabor High School INTRODUCTION (TS) individually. The criteria for selecting a TS for the study was fairly simple. The necessary aspects of each Through the decades, tropical cyclones have shaped system were that it over went intensification overland our coastal infrastructure and continue to do so. During (characterized by an increase in wind speed and a the 2017 Hurricane Season alone, Hurricanes Harvey, decrease of central pressure), that the location of the TS Irma, and Maria have shown us our flaws in urban was within 75 miles (121 kilometers) of a major development and planning, costing billions of dollars in metropolitan area (characterized by containing a damages and loss of life. Tropical Meteorology has population more than 500 thousand residents), and was shown that these cyclones intensify over warm, tropical, substantially far enough from an ocean so as not to be oceanic waters with low vertical wind shear and a moist directly influenced in intensification. With the use of atmosphere; however, could a large metropolitan area satellite, it was possible to determine the area and do the same? Records exist of overland cyclone magnitude of an urban heat island remotely and intensification, such as Tropical Storm Erin (2007). This accurately. particular system intensified over the state of Oklahoma, only 65 miles (105 kilometers) northwest of Oklahoma Once TS case studies were developed, the exact City, reaching winds of 80 miles per hour (mph). -
2021 Rio Grande Valley/Deep S. Texas Hurricane Guide
The Official Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas HURRICANE GUIDE 2021 IT ONLY TAKES ONE STORM! weather.gov/rgv A Letter to Residents After more than a decade of near-misses, 2020 reminded the Rio Grande Valley and Deep South Texas that hurricanes are still a force to be reckoned with. Hurricane Hanna cut a swath from Padre Island National Seashore in Kenedy County through much of the Rio Grande Valley in late July, leaving nearly $1 billion in agricultural and property damage it its wake. While many may now think that we’ve paid our dues, that sentiment couldn’t be further from the truth! The combination of atmospheric and oceanic patterns favorable for a landfalling hurricane in the Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas region can occur in any season, including this one. Residents can use the experience of Hurricane Hanna in 2020 as a great reminder to be prepared in 2021. Hurricanes bring a multitude of hazards including flooding rain, damaging winds, deadly storm surge, and tornadoes. These destructive forces can displace you from your home for months or years, and there are many recent cases in the United States and territories where this has occurred. Hurricane Harvey (2017), Michael (2018, Florida Panhandle), and Laura (2020, southwest Louisiana) are just three such devastating events. This guide can help you and your family get prepared. Learn what to do before, during and after a storm. Your plan should include preparations for your home or business, gathering supplies, ensuring your insurance is up to date, and planning with your family for an evacuation. -
Tropical Weather Discussion
TROPICAL WEATHER DISCUSSION • Purpose The Tropical Weather Discussion describes major synoptic weather features and significant areas of disturbed weather in the tropics. The product is intended to provide current weather information for those who need to know the current state of the atmosphere and expected trends to assist them in their decision making. The product gives significant weather features, areas of disturbed weather, expected trends, the meteorological reasoning behind the forecast, model performance, and in some cases a degree of confidence. • Content The Tropical Weather Discussion is a narrative explaining the current weather conditions across the tropics and the expected short-term changes. The product is divided into four different sections as outline below: 1. SPECIAL FEATURES (event-driven) The special features section includes descriptions of hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical depressions, subtropical cyclones, and any other feature of significance that may develop into a tropical or subtropical cyclone. For active tropical cyclones, this section provides the latest advisory data on the system. Associated middle and upper level interactions as well as significant clouds and convection are discussed with each system. This section is omitted if none of these features is present. 2. TROPICAL WAVES (event-driven) This section provides a description of the strength, position, and movement of all tropical waves analyzed on the surface analysis, from east to west. A brief reason for a wave’s position is usually given, citing surface observations, upper air time sections, satellite imagery, etc. The associated convection is discussed with each tropical wave as well as any potential impacts to landmasses or marine interests. -
The Asian Monsoon in the Superparameterized CCSM and Its Relationship to Tropical Wave Activity
5134 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 The Asian Monsoon in the Superparameterized CCSM and Its Relationship to Tropical Wave Activity CHARLOTTE A. DEMOTT Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado CRISTIANA STAN Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland DAVID A. RANDALL Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado JAMES L. KINTER III Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia MARAT KHAIROUTDINOV School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (Manuscript received 15 November 2010, in final form 7 March 2011) ABSTRACT Three general circulation models (GCMs) are used to analyze the impacts of air–sea coupling and super- parameterized (SP) convection on the Asian summer monsoon: Community Climate System Model (CCSM) (coupled, conventional convection), SP Community Atmosphere Model (SP-CAM) (uncoupled, SP con- vection), and SP-CCSM (coupled, SP). In SP-CCSM, coupling improves the basic-state climate relative to SP- CAM and reduces excessive tropical variability in SP-CAM. Adding SP improves tropical variability, the simulation of easterly zonal shear over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and increases negative sea surface temperature (SST) biases in that region. SP-CCSM is the only model to reasonably simulate the eastward-, westward-, and northward-propagating components of the Asian monsoon. CCSM and SP-CCSM mimic the observed phasing of northward- propagating intraseasonal oscillation (NPISO), SST, precipitation, and surface stress anomalies, while SP-CAM is limited in this regard. SP-CCSM produces a variety of tropical waves with spectral characteristics similar to those in observations. -
Wang, M., M. Xue, and K. Zhao (2016), September 2008
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE The impact of T-TREC-retrieved wind and radial 10.1002/2015JD024001 velocity data assimilation using EnKF Key Points: and effects of assimilation window • T-TREC-retrieved wind and radial velocity data are assimilated using an on the analysis and prediction ensemble Kalman filter • The relative impacts of two data sets of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) on analysis and prediction changes with assimilation windows Mingjun Wang1,2, Ming Xue1,2,3, and Kun Zhao1 • The combination of retrieved wind and radial velocity produces better 1Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, analyses and forecasts China, 2Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 3School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA Correspondence to: M. Xue, Abstract This study examines the relative impact of assimilating T-TREC-retrieved winds (VTREC)versusradial [email protected] velocity (Vr) on the analysis and forecast of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The VTREC and Vr data at 30 min intervals are assimilated into the ARPS model at 3 km grid spacing over four different Citation: assimilation windows that cover, respectively, 0000–0200, 0200–0400, 0400–0600, and 0000–0600 UTC, 28 Wang, M., M. Xue, and K. Zhao (2016), September 2008. The assimilation of VTREC data produces better analyses of the typhoon structure and intensity The impact of T-TREC-retrieved wind and radial velocity data assimilation than the assimilation of Vr data during the earlier assimilation windows, but during the later assimilation using EnKF and effects of assimilation windows when the coverage of Vr data on the typhoon from four Doppler radars is much improved, the window on the analysis and prediction assimilation of V outperforms V data. -
The Influence of Assimilating Dropsonde Data on Typhoon Track
908 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 139 The Influence of Assimilating Dropsonde Data on Typhoon Track and Midlatitude Forecasts MARTIN WEISSMANN,* FLORIAN HARNISCH,* CHUN-CHIEH WU,1 PO-HSIUNG LIN,1 YOICHIRO OHTA,# KOJI YAMASHITA,# YEON-HEE KIM,@ EUN-HEE JEON,@ TETSUO NAKAZAWA,& AND SIM ABERSON** * Deutsches Zentrum fu¨r Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut fu¨r Physik der Atmospha¨re, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan # Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan @ National Institute of Meteorological Research, Korea Meteorological Agency, Seoul, South Korea & Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan ** NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 9 February 2010, in final form 21 April 2010) ABSTRACT A unique dataset of targeted dropsonde observations was collected during The Observing System Re- search and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in the autumn of 2008. The campaign was supplemented by an enhancement of the operational Dropsonde Ob- servations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) program. For the first time, up to four different aircraft were available for typhoon observations and over 1500 additional soundings were collected. This study investigates the influence of assimilating additional observations during the two major typhoon events of T-PARC on the typhoon track forecast by the global models of the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and the limited-area Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Additionally, the influence of T-PARC observations on ECMWF midlatitude forecasts is investigated. All models show an improving tendency of typhoon track forecasts, but the degree of improvement varied from about 20% to 40% in NCEP and WRF to a comparably low influence in ECMWF and JMA. -
Science Discussion Started: 22 October 2018 C Author(S) 2018
Discussions Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-127 Earth System Manuscript under review for journal Earth Syst. Sci. Data Science Discussion started: 22 October 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data 1 Field Investigations of Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Drop 2 after Typhoon Passages 3 Dong-Jiing Doong [1]* Jen-Ping Peng [2] Alexander V. Babanin [3] 4 [1] Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 5 Taiwan 6 [2] Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende (IOW), Rostock, Germany 7 [3] Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of 8 Melbourne, Australia 9 ---- 10 *Corresponding author: 11 Dong-Jiing Doong 12 Email: [email protected] 13 Tel: +886 6 2757575 ext 63253 14 Add: 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan 15 Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University 16 -1 Discussions Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-127 Earth System Manuscript under review for journal Earth Syst. Sci. Data Science Discussion started: 22 October 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data 1 Abstract 2 Sea surface temperature (SST) variability affects marine ecosystems, fisheries, ocean primary 3 productivity, and human activities and is the primary influence on typhoon intensity. SST drops 4 of a few degrees in the open ocean after typhoon passages have been widely documented; 5 however, few studies have focused on coastal SST variability. The purpose of this study is to 6 determine typhoon-induced SST drops in the near-coastal area (within 1 km of the coast) and 7 understand the possible mechanism. -
ESSENTIALS of METEOROLOGY (7Th Ed.) GLOSSARY
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.) GLOSSARY Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles (dust, smoke, etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, produce sulfate aerosols. Air density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by it. Air density is usually expressed as g/cm3 or kg/m3. Also See Density. Air pressure The pressure exerted by the mass of air above a given point, usually expressed in millibars (mb), inches of (atmospheric mercury (Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa). pressure) Atmosphere The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction. The earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas whose concentration is about 0.039 percent (390 ppm) in a volume of air near sea level. It is a selective absorber of infrared radiation and, consequently, it is important in the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. Solid CO2 is called dry ice. Climate The accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events over a long period of time. Front The transition zone between two distinct air masses. Hurricane A tropical cyclone having winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mi/hr). Ionosphere An electrified region of the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist. Lapse rate The rate at which an atmospheric variable (usually temperature) decreases with height. (See Environmental lapse rate.) Mesosphere The atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. -
Piecewise Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of a Rapid Cyclolysis Event
1264 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 130 Surface Cyclolysis in the North Paci®c Ocean. Part II: Piecewise Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of a Rapid Cyclolysis Event JONATHAN E. MARTIN AND NATHAN MARSILI Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of WisconsinÐMadison, Madison, Wisconsin (Manuscript received 19 March 2001, in ®nal form 26 October 2001) ABSTRACT Employing output from a successful numerical simulation, piecewise potential vorticity inversion is used to diagnose a rapid surface cyclolysis event that occurred south of the Aleutian Islands in late October 1996. The sea level pressure minimum of the decaying cyclone rose 35 hPa in 36 h as its associated upper-tropospheric wave quickly acquired a positive tilt while undergoing a rapid transformation from a nearly circular to a linear morphology. The inversion results demonstrate that the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) anomaly exerted the greatest control over the evolution of the lower-tropospheric height ®eld associated with the cyclone. A portion of the signi®cant height rises that characterized this event was directly associated with a diminution of the upper-tropospheric PV anomaly that resulted from negative PV advection by the full wind. This forcing has a clear parallel in more traditional synoptic/dynamic perspectives on lower-tropospheric development, which emphasize differential vorticity advection. Additional height rises resulted from promotion of increased anisotropy in the upper-tropospheric PV anomaly by upper-tropospheric deformation in the vicinity of a southwesterly jet streak. As the PV anomaly was thinned and elongated by the deformation, its associated geopotential height perturbation decreased throughout the troposphere in what is termed here PV attenuation. -
A Vortex Relocation Scheme for Tropical Cyclone Initialization in Advanced Research WRF
3298 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 138 A Vortex Relocation Scheme for Tropical Cyclone Initialization in Advanced Research WRF LING-FENG HSIAO Central Weather Bureau, and Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan CHI-SANN LIOU Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California TIEN-CHIANG YEH Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan YONG-RUN GUO National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado DER-SONG CHEN,KANG-NING HUANG,CHUEN-TEYR TERNG, AND JEN-HER CHEN Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan (Manuscript received 6 November 2009, in final form 23 February 2010) ABSTRACT This paper introduces a relocation scheme for tropical cyclone (TC) initialization in the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model and demonstrates its application to 70 forecasts of Ty- phoons Sinlaku (2008), Jangmi (2008), and Linfa (2009) for which Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB) issued typhoon warnings. An efficient and dynamically consistent TC vortex relocation scheme for the WRF terrain- following mass coordinate has been developed to improve the first guess of the TC analysis, and hence improves the tropical cyclone initialization. The vortex relocation scheme separates the first-guess atmospheric flow into a TC circulation and environmental flow, relocates the TC circulation to its observed location, and adds the relocated TC circulation back to the environmental flow to obtain the updated first guess with a correct TC position. Analysis of these typhoon cases indicates that the relocation procedure moves the typhoon circulation to the observed typhoon position without generating discontinuities or sharp gradients in the first guess. Numerical experiments with and without the vortex relocation procedure for Typhoons Sinlaku, Jangmi, and Linfa forecasts show that about 67% of the first-guess fields need a vortex relocation to correct typhoon position errors while eliminates the topographical effect.