Ongoing and Planned East-West Highway And
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A Short History of Georgian Architecture
A SHORT HISTORY OF GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the meeting place of the European and Asian continents and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern cultures. In classical sources eastern Georgia is called Iberia or Caucasian Iberia, while western Georgia was known to Greeks and Romans as Colchis. Georgia has an elongated form from east to west. Approximately in the centre in the Great Caucasian range extends downwards to the south Surami range, bisecting the country into western and eastern parts. Although this range is not high, it produces different climates on its western and eastern sides. In the western part the climate is milder and on the sea coast sub-tropical with frequent rains, while the eastern part is typically dry. Figure 1 Map of Georgia Georgian vernacular architecture The different climates in western and eastern Georgia, together with distinct local building materials and various cultural differences creates a diverse range of vernacular architectural styles. In western Georgia, because the climate is mild and the region has abundance of timber, vernacular architecture is characterised by timber buildings. Surrounding the timber houses are lawns and decorative trees, which rarely found in the rest of the country. The population and hamlets scattered in the landscape. In eastern Georgia, vernacular architecture is typified by Darbazi, a type of masonry building partially cut into ground and roofed by timber or stone (rarely) constructions known as Darbazi, from which the type derives its name. -
Initial Project Summary Project Location: Stepantsminda, Kazbegi
Initial Project Summary Project Location: Stepantsminda, Kazbegi Municipality, Georgia Name of Applicant: Dariali Energy Name of Project: Dariali Hydropower Project Project Description: The proposed Project involves the construction and operation of a 108 MW hydropower project on the Tergi River near the village of Stepantsminda, close to the Georgia- Russia border. The Project will impound the Tergi River with a 6 m high concrete dam and will include a .25 hectare intake pond. Water will be diverted around approximately 5 km of the river from the intake structure through an underground power house and back to the river through the tailrace channel. The Project will be required to maintain a minimum flow of at least 2.54 m3/s. The power will initially be evacuated via a 110 kV transmission line which connects the Georgian and Russian energy systems until a new 220 or 500 kV capacity line that is being considered by the Georgian State Electricity system is completed. Environmental and Social Categorization and Rationale: The Project has been reviewed against OPIC’s policy related to dam projects and determined to be categorically eligible for further consideration. The Project has been screened as Category A because potential impacts are diverse and potentially irreversible. The main environmental and social concerns are related to diversion of river flow and subsequent flow reduction in the 5 km of the Tergi River and the Project’s impact on the nearby Kazbegi National Park. Environmental and Social Standards: As this Project will be co-financed with the EBRD, OPIC will apply EBRD policies in order to facilitate U.S. -
Law of Georgia Tax Code of Georgia
LAW OF GEORGIA TAX CODE OF GEORGIA SECTION I GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter I - Georgian Tax System Article 1 - Scope of regulation In accordance with the Constitution of Georgia, this Code sets forth the general principles of formation and operation of the tax system of Georgia, governs the legal relations involved in the movement of passengers, goods and vehicles across the customs border of Georgia, determines the legal status of persons, tax payers and competent authorities involved in legal relations, determines the types of tax offences, the liability for violating the tax legislation of Georgia, the terms and conditions for appealing wrongful acts of competent authorities and of their officials, lays down procedures for settling tax disputes, and governs the legal relations connected with the fulfilment of tax liabilities. Law of Georgia No 5942 of 27 March 2012 - website, 12.4.2012 Article 2 - Tax legislation of Georgia 1. The tax legislation of Georgia comprises the Constitution of Georgia, international treaties and agreements, this Code and subordinate normative acts adopted in compliance with them. 2. The tax legislation of Georgia in effect at the moment when tax liability arises shall be used for taxation. 3. The Government of Georgia or the Minister for Finance of Georgia shall adopt/issue subordinate normative acts for enforcing this Code. 4. (Deleted - No 1886, 26.12.2013) 5. To enforce the tax legislation of Georgia, the head of the Legal Entity under Public Law (LEPL) within the Ministry for Finance of Georgia - the Revenue Service (‘the Revenue Service’) shall issue orders, internal instructions and guidelines on application of the tax legislation of Georgia by tax authorities. -
Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report
Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number GEO 49257 Loan No GEO 3715 Bi- Annual Report July - December 2019 January 2020 Georgia: East - West Highway (Khevi-Ubisa Section) Improvement Project Financed by the Asian Development Bank Prepared by: Kashif Bashir Senior Environmental Specialist of UBM Endorsed by: Levan Kupatashvili, Deputy Chairman of Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person BOD Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand BP Batching Plant CAREC Central Asia Regional Economic Corridor CC Construction Contractor COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CSCS Consultancy Services for Construction Supervision CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSEMP Contractor’s Contract Specific Environmental Management Plan dB (A) Decibel DO Dissolved Oxygen EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIB European Investment Bank EMP Environmental Management Plan EMR Environmental Monitoring Report ESR Environmental Sensitive Receiver GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HS Health & Safety HSE Health Safety and Environment IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation MAC Maximum Admissible Concentration MoEPA Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture MoESD Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development 3 NCN Non-Conformance Notice NCR Non-Conformance Report NFA National Forest Agency NOC No Objection Certificate OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PPE Personnel Protective Equipment’ PAPs Project Affected Persons PIU Project Implementation Unit QC Quality Control RD Road Department RoW Right of Way SC Supervision Consultant SEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan SFF State Forest Fund SPS Safeguard Policy Statement STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases TSS Total Suspended Solids VG Village Governor This Bi- Annual Environmental Monitoring is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. -
Economic Prosperity Initiative
USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli -
Exploring the Caucasus Georgia & Armenia September 13-29, 2022
Exploring the Caucasus Georgia & Armenia September 13-29, 2022 17 days for $4,774 total price from Washington, DC ($4,295 air & land inclusive plus $479 airline taxes and fees) This tour is provided by Odysseys Unlimited, six-time honoree Travel & Leisure’s World’s Best Tour Operators award. An Exclusive Small Group Tour for Members of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Dear VMFA Members, Travel with us on an exclusive 17-day small group journey through the captivating countries of Georgia and Armenia, with the grand Caucasus Mountains as our backdrop. We begin in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. During our stay, we visit three UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Khor-Virap, with biblical Mt. Ararat as its backdrop. We also visit the Greek temple at Garni and sample the famous Armenian brandy. We then continue to Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, with a one-night stay at beautiful Lake Sevan en route. We explore the capital and enjoy a full-day excursion to Georgia’s famous wine country. Next, we travel north through the Greater Caucasus Mountains for a stay in Stepantsminda, at the foot of 16,500-foot Mount Kazbek. Here, we visit mountain villages, take in the stunning vistas, and enjoy a home-hosted lunch with a local family. Our final stop is Borjomi, a resort town in the Lesser Caucasus range; then we head back to Tbilisi for one night. For guests wishing to continue on, a 5-day/4-night post-tour extension to Azerbaijan is available. Space on this exciting program is limited and will fill quickly. -
PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL of KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N O 27 — 2017 2
1 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N o 27 — 2017 2 E DITOR- IN-CHIEF David KOLBAIA S ECRETARY Sophia J V A N I A EDITORIAL C OMMITTEE Jan M A L I C K I, Wojciech M A T E R S K I, Henryk P A P R O C K I I NTERNATIONAL A DVISORY B OARD Zaza A L E K S I D Z E, Professor, National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Alejandro B A R R A L – I G L E S I A S, Professor Emeritus, Cathedral Museum Santiago de Compostela Jan B R A U N (†), Professor Emeritus, University of Warsaw Andrzej F U R I E R, Professor, Universitet of Szczecin Metropolitan A N D R E W (G V A Z A V A) of Gori and Ateni Eparchy Gocha J A P A R I D Z E, Professor, Tbilisi State University Stanis³aw L I S Z E W S K I, Professor, University of Lodz Mariam L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emerita, Tbilisi State University Guram L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emeritus, Tbilisi State University Marek M ¥ D Z I K (†), Professor, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin Tamila M G A L O B L I S H V I L I, Professor, National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Lech M R Ó Z, Professor, University of Warsaw Bernard OUTTIER, Professor, University of Geneve Andrzej P I S O W I C Z, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Annegret P L O N T K E - L U E N I N G, Professor, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Tadeusz Ś W I Ę T O C H O W S K I (†), Professor, Columbia University, New York Sophia V A S H A L O M I D Z E, Professor, Martin-Luther-Univerity, Halle-Wittenberg Andrzej W O Ź N I A K, Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 3 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES No 27 — 2017 (Published since 1991) CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW WARSAW 2017 4 Cover: St. -
Ordinance of the Government of Georgia No 209 of 1 April 2020 – Website, 1.4.2020
Government of Georgia Ordinance No 181 23 March 2020 Tbilisi On the Approval of Measures to be Implemented in connection with the Prevention of the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Georgia Article 1 On the basis of Decree No 1 of 21 March 2020 of the President of Georgia on ‘Measures to be Implemented in connection with the Declaration of a State of Emergency throughout the Whole Territory of Georgia’, the attached ‘Measures to be Implemented in connection with the Prevention of the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Georgia’ shall be approved. Article 11 The list of business entities carrying out economic activities, whose operation shall not be restricted during the period of the state of emergency, shall be approved as provided for in Annex No 1. Ordinance of the Government of Georgia No 209 of 1 April 2020 – website, 1.4.2020 Article 12 The annexed list of economic activities which, on respective conditions, shall not be restricted during the period of the state of emergency, shall be approved in accordance with Annex No 2. Ordinance of the Government of Georgia No 211 of 1 April 2020 – website, 2.4.2020 Article 13 The economic activities and facilities/business entities carrying out economic activities, which shall not be restricted during the period of the state of emergency and which are not listed in Annexes No 1 and No 2 approved by this Ordinance, shall be approved in accordance with Annex No 3. Ordinance of the Government of Georgia No 211 of 1 April 2020 – website, 2.4.2020 Article 14 In accordance with Annex No 4, the list of entities carrying out economic activities, whose operation shall not be restricted during the period of the state of emergency only for the purpose of implementing the projects defined by the same annex, shall be approved. -
Climate Change National Adaptation Plan for Georgia's Agriculture Sector
ENVIRONMENTALEE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION CENTRE Climate Change National Adaptation Plan for Georgia’s Agriculture Sector Tbilisi, 2017 1 This document is prepared by the LEPL “Environmental Information and Education Center” of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia, under the joint or- der of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection and the Ministry of Ag- riculture. The project has been initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture within the frameworks of the “Agriculture Modernization, Market Access and Resilience” (AMMAR) project. This proj- ect is implementing by the Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia with the support of IFAD / GEF. LEPL “Environmental Information and Education Center” of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia thanks to all participants of the project: Marina Shvangiradze - Sustainable Developmen Center Remissia (project team leader); Davit Bedoshvili - impact of climate change on wheat and corn; Salome Gelashvili - Argiculture Policy Research Center (ISET), cost-benefit analysis of the measures for adaptation to climate change; Gizo Gogichaishvili - National Environmental Agency (impact of climate change on potato); Vakhtang Goguadze - LEPL Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (citrus, potato and livestock breeding in Adjara); Medea Inashvili - project expert (guide on preparation of national adaptation plan on climate change for agriculture sector); Nato Kutaladze - National Environmental -
Urban Development in Georgia
Key facts and figures relating to housing and urban development in Georgia Nino Gventsadze Head of spatial planning department Ministry of regional development and infrastructure of Georgia Housing in Georgia Current conditions Housing in Georgia is characterized with long and deep systematic crisis which are caused by the following reasons: non- existent policy, non-sufficient legislative base and non-adequate institutional set-up. Georgian government still doesn’t have a well-defined, clear policy in the field of Housing, also not a single office directly governs and works on Housing issues neither on legislation or enforcement level. Estimated future plan in Housing • To define short, medium and long term priorities Short term priority – should focus on how to fix homelessness, clearly define the terminology, exact identification of beneficiary groups and setting criteria for people who will receive the support, launching an institution, drafting legislation etc. Medium and long term - should focus on large number of people who will be able to afford the Housing (affordable Housing), provide an adequate Housing, improve policy making in regard of construction and urban development, solving demographic issues in the country etc. Improvements In 2018, Government of Georgia has taken a duty in implementing a “Housing policy documentation and strategic plan”, for that reason in 2019, April a special committee was established who will define a strategic plan. So far consultations are taking place. It is planned to make an amendments in legislation (In Georgian legislation there is the only law, which is dedicated to housing and needs a great deal of revise and improvement) The Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories and Refugees of Georgia has realized several projects: • Ministry purchased 300 accommodations from the Chinese company “Hualing” • Throughout the country, ministry purchased several accommodations from developers, reconstructed, built new constructions etc. -
6. Imereti – Historical-Cultural Overview
SFG2110 SECOND REGIONAL DEVELOPMETN PROJECT IMERETI REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMERETI TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Public Disclosure Authorized STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tbilisi, December, 2014 ABBREVIATIONS GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System IFI International Financial Institution IRDS Imereti Regional Development Strategy ITDS Imereti Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MoJ Ministry of Justice MoESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal protective equipment RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 0 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... -
TERMS of REFERENCE Consultancy Service for Project Results Monitoring & Evaluation for the Third Regional Development Projec
TERMS OF REFERENCE Consultancy Service for Project Results Monitoring & Evaluation Section 1.Backgroundfor the Third Regional Development Project (RDP3) The Government of Georgia with World Bank are co-financing is implementing a US$75 million Third Regional Development Project (RDP3), focusing on Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti during the period of 2015-2019. The Project Development Objective is to improve infrastructure services and institutional capacity to support increased contribution of tourism in the local economy of the Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta- Mtianeti regions. The project aims at addressing challenges identified during the project preparation period and follows integrated approach to urban and tourism development. Through its various components the project is expected to lead to improved urban and tourist infrastructure, enhanced cultural heritage assets and increased capacity for tourism-based local economic development in these two regions. The economic benefits linked to the above are multiple, such as improved urban infrastructure, including public spaces, streetscapes and municipal roads, improved urban liveability and increased safety of movement for locals. At the same time, these investments are expected to make selected municipalities better places to visit and more attractive places to invest, promoting private investment and increasing income generating opportunities in the project area. Cultural heritage enhancements will lead to the preservation of global public goods, but are also expected to lead to increased willingness to visit/pay for tourist and increased property prices in neighbouring areas. The proposed investments are aligned with the regional development strategies, prepared with technical assistance from EU for Mtskheta-Mtianeti and by GiZ for Samtskhe-Javakheti.