DOCSLIB.ORG

Casewell2015.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Casewell2015.Pdf This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Wisdom or Foolishness? A critical examination of Eberhard Jüngel’s theology of the cross Deborah L. Casewell Ph.D Thesis University of Edinburgh School of Divinity March 2015 1 Abstract The theology of Eberhard Jüngel endeavours to rethink the being of God and how humanity comes by knowledge of God from the crucifixion of Christ. By focusing on the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ, Jüngel proposes that a theology of the cross should be the basis of human knowledge of God as all can be said about the Trinity and christology must be said from the cross. As Jüngel holds that the humanity of Christ is the example and basis for humanity, the cross is also the source of information for Jüngel’s theological anthropology. This thesis seeks to determine whether Jüngel’s focus on the cross as the source of all theological knowledge results in a limited view of God, of Christ, and of humanity. In order to do this, the thesis looks at the history and context of Jüngel himself and why he is interested in basing a theology on the cross. The thesis also looks at the history of critical engagement with Jüngel, and the conclusions that those works have come to. The history of the theology of the cross is explored, from its provenance in Luther through to its rise during and after the Second World War. After detailing the history of the cross Jüngel’s own particular formulation is explicated, alongside Moltmann and Sölle who were the main exponents of a theology of the cross in Germany. Having done so, the effects of Jüngel’s theology of the cross on christology, the doctrine of God, and on anthropology are detailed, and it is argued that Jüngel’s theology of the cross restricts the activity of the person of Christ and that this restriction contradicts his emphasis on the perichoretic union of the Trinity, as well as restricting human action to a creative passivity. However, the thesis also explores the positive sides of Jüngel’s theology of the cross. Jüngel’s theology of the cross is the most theologically and philosophically rigorous of his time, and a theology of the cross is still needed as a normative control in theological thought. Furthermore, the thesis examines how Jüngel’s account of love can be used to advance his theology and repair some of the damage that the limits of his theology of the cross cause. 2 Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and that it has not been submitted for another degree or professional qualification. This thesis is approximately 97,000 words long. Deborah L. Casewell 27th March 2015 3 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Reference Notes 6 Introduction 8 Chapter One: Origins and Influences for Jüngel’s Theology of the Cross 16 Chapter Two: Jüngel’s Theology of the Cross 69 Chapter Three: Jüngel’s Christology 97 Chapter Four: Jüngel’s Doctrine of God 120 Chapter Five: Jüngel’s Understanding of Anthropology 150 Conclusion 186 Bibliography 191 4 Acknowledgements On this long, hard, yet rewarding journey, I owe many thanks. I owe David Fergusson and Paul Nimmo immense thanks for their supervision, guidance, understanding, and patience. For my work on Luther, I thank Christoph Schwöbel for patiently advising and viewing the work of a strange exchange student. For alerting me of the beauty of Jüngel’s thought in the first place I am deeply grateful to Paul Fiddes, & I thank George Pattison for his guidance in the thought of Hegel and Heidegger. For friendship, encouragement, occasional distractions, and relief from the Ph.D, I owe thanks to my friends in New College, Edinburgh, Oriel College, Oxford, Sacred Heart, Lauriston Place, and Paris. For supporting and understanding me for longer than I can remember, I thank my parents. I thank the Art and Humanities Research Council for their sponsorship, and the Fondation Eccossaise sponsoring for a memorable fourth year. 5 Reference Notes: Abbreviations and Translation B&T: Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time (London: SCM Press, 1962). Becoming: Jüngel, Eberhard, God’s Being is in Becoming, trans J. Webster, (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 2001). CD: Barth, Karl, Church Dogmatics, 4 volumes in 13 parts, edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1956-1975). LW: Luther’s Works, American Edition, 55 volumes, ed. Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut T. Lehmann, (Philadelphia/Concordia/St. Louis: Muehlenberg and Fortress, 1955-86). Mystery: Jüngel, Eberhard, God as the Mystery of the World (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988). LPR III: Hegel, G.W.F., Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume III: The Consummate Religion, ed. P. Hodgson, (Berkeley/LA/London: University of California Press, 1985). If a quotation is followed by a German title, then the translation is always mine. If the title is in English, then the quotation is from that edition. 6 For the message about the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. For it is written, “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and the discernment of the discerning I will thwart.” Where is the one who is wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? For since, in the wisdom of God, the world did not know God through wisdom, God decided, through the foolishness of our proclamation, to save those who believe. For Jews demand signs and Greeks desire wisdom, but we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For God’s foolishness is wiser than human wisdom, and God’s weakness is stronger than human strength. 1 Corinthians 1:18-25 (NRSV) 7 8 Introduction Eberhard Jüngel’s theology is often characterised as complex and hard to access, especially in how the aim of his theology is to rethink the being of God in detailing how one comes to knowledge of God. Jüngel’s theology endeavours to detach God from metaphysics in line with the anti-metaphysical turn in German theology in the sixties, but to do so it must first come to terms with how the greatest metaphysical thinkers have shaped Christian thought. Jüngel wishes to achieve this through use of the death of God and a theology of the cross, through identifying a theology of glory and rethinking the being of God from the cross. The aim of this dissertation is first to investigate Jüngel’s wisdom in using the cross as the Grundprinzip of an entire theological system: to see whether an understanding of revelation based solely in the cross can support an entire theology; whether one can learn from the cross enough about the Trinity; about christology; and about anthropology; without sacrificing and inhibiting other parts of one’s theology. In short, whether a balanced theology can be achieved. 1 I regard Eberhard Jüngel as one of the greatest proponents of a theology of the cross in the twentieth century, and thus the task of this dissertation is to examine whether Jüngel’s theology of the cross can support his theological endeavours, or whether there is a need for a more expansionist theology of creation, love, the life of Jesus, and the indwelling of the Spirit. I shall argue that what Jüngel endeavours to do theologically is undermined by the narrow nature of his doctrine of revelation. Jüngel sees that God is only revealed and fully known in the event of the cross. However, what is revealed on the cross often undermines or stands in conflict with what he wants to say about God as Trinity, about Christ’s role and nature, and about how humanity can act; especially considering Jüngel’s original dynamic writing about love. Moreover, Jüngel’s understanding of the cross and the death of God was formulated in a specific theological environment in 1 To contextualise the need for balance, I shall note for example that in David Kelsey’s Eccentric Existence he sees that a systematic theology is formed of a triple helix, and must give equal stress to each strand: to create, to draw to eschatological consummation, and to reconcile. Kelsey sees that these are ‘the three inseparable but irreducibly distinct ways in which God relates to all else, which come together in the narrative logic of canonical stories that describe the content’. (David Kelsey, Eccentric Existence: A Theological Anthropology (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), 914). Whilst Jüngel’s theology does give an account of each of these three strands, it shall become clear throughout this thesis that due to how Jüngel places the full revelation of God in the event of the cross that there is undue stress on one strand of this helix, which to the detriment of the others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Defending Faith
    Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation Studies in the Late Middle Ages, Humanism and the Reformation herausgegeben von Volker Leppin (Tübingen) in Verbindung mit Amy Nelson Burnett (Lincoln, NE), Berndt Hamm (Erlangen) Johannes Helmrath (Berlin), Matthias Pohlig (Münster) Eva Schlotheuber (Düsseldorf) 65 Timothy J. Wengert Defending Faith Lutheran Responses to Andreas Osiander’s Doctrine of Justification, 1551– 1559 Mohr Siebeck Timothy J. Wengert, born 1950; studied at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), Luther Seminary (St. Paul, MN), Duke University; 1984 received Ph. D. in Religion; since 1989 professor of Church History at The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia. ISBN 978-3-16-151798-3 ISSN 1865-2840 (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2012 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproduc- tions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen using Minion typeface, printed by Gulde- Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Acknowledgements Thanks is due especially to Bernd Hamm for accepting this manuscript into the series, “Spätmittelalter, Humanismus und Reformation.” A special debt of grati- tude is also owed to Robert Kolb, my dear friend and colleague, whose advice and corrections to the manuscript have made every aspect of it better and also to my doctoral student and Flacius expert, Luka Ilic, for help in tracking down every last publication by Matthias Flacius.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg: Twelve American Critiques, with an Autobiographical Essay and Response Garth Wehrfritz-Hanson
    Consensus Volume 17 Article 16 Issue 1 Adult Education 5-1-1991 The Theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg: Twelve American Critiques, with an Autobiographical Essay and Response Garth Wehrfritz-Hanson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus Recommended Citation Wehrfritz-Hanson, Garth (1991) "The Theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg: Twelve American Critiques, with an Autobiographical Essay and Response," Consensus: Vol. 17 : Iss. 1 , Article 16. Available at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus/vol17/iss1/16 This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Consensus by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Reviews 153 The Theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg: Twelve Amer- ican Critiques, with an Autobiographical Essay and Response Carl E. Braaten and Philip Clayton, editors Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1988 352 pp. with bibliography. $37.50 Wolfhart Pannenberg is one of the most prolific and celebrated contem- porary theologians. This volume—which marks 25 years since Pannenberg first travelled to the U.S. as a visiting professor—promises to be “an accu- rate barometer of the influence Pannenberg has had in America, as well as the sorts of reservations that English-speaking theology brings to his work” ( 10). This is a rather eclectic work, representing a wide cross-section of con- tributors and subjects. As is the case in most volumes of this nature, some essays are more creative and stimulating than others—depending, of course, upon one’s theological agenda and posture.
    [Show full text]
  • True Repentance and Sorrow: Johann Arndt's Doctrine of Justification Robert A
    Consensus Volume 16 Article 4 Issue 2 Lutheran Pietism 11-1-1990 True repentance and sorrow: Johann Arndt's doctrine of justification Robert A. Kelly Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus Recommended Citation Kelly, Robert A. (1990) "True repentance and sorrow: Johann Arndt's doctrine of justification," Consensus: Vol. 16 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus/vol16/iss2/4 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Consensus by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. True Repentance and Sorrow: Johann Arndt’s Doctrine of Justification Robert A. Kelly Assistant Professor of Systematic Theology, Waterloo Lutheran Seminary, Waterloo Introduction Since the very beginning of the movement, Lutherans have been known as theologians who give first place to God’s un- conditional love. We have not always been so well known as theologians of the life of discipleship. It is quite clear in the contemporary church that the need remains to counter the ide- ology of individualistic free enterprise with a fully Lutheran doctrine of justification, but it is just as clear that an ade- quate theology and ethics of discipleship must be part of the effort. Have we no resources in our Lutheran tradition for such a theology? In teaching the history of the doctrines of justification and sanctification to seminary students, I have often been attracted to Johann Arndt’s True Christianity.^ As I have read through the text with students, I and they have found much that seems to be helpful.
    [Show full text]
  • S Autobiography
    Carl Braaten’s Autobiography Colleagues, ThTh 624. Six hundred twenty-four Thursdays. Divide that number by 52 and you have exactly 12 complete years. So here on the cusp of year 13 Mike Hoy reviews the life-story of a major voice in American Lutheran theology for the past half century. Along the way in that rich lifetime both Seminex and Crossings intersected (interrupted?) Braaten’s theological hopes for American Lutheranism, he tells us, sadly to his dismay. So his autobiography has more than just historical interest for many of us. Who to do the review? Mike Hoy, of course. Mike’s a Seminex alum, also past president of Crossings Inc., also editor of Bertram’s posthumous works, and for Braaten-expertise, he did his doctorate under Braaten’s supervision. Peace and Joy! Ed Schroeder A Review of Carl E. Braaten’s BECAUSE OF CHRIST: MEMOIRS OF A LUTHERAN THEOLOGIAN. (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, 2010) 224 pp. $18.00 Carl Braaten has had a most prolific life. He is the author of 18 books, editor of 25 books, and has written 240 articles. It is impressive! What is equally impressive is how he can write his Memoirs with such wonderful candor and in a style that will lead the reader to appreciate his personal story. Years before I came to Chicago for graduate study, I came to appreciate Carl’s thought through his books which I had time to read in my first parish call to a small church in northern Manitoba. My first meeting of Carl Braaten on the campus of LSTC in 1983 was an honor and an opportunity for brief conversation.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI' PHILIP MELANCHTHON, THE FORMULA OF CONCORD, AND THE THIRD USE OF THE LAW DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ken Ray Schurb, B.A., B.S.Ed., M.Div., M.A., S.T.M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Summary Of
    I •", A SUMMARY OF LUTHERAN HERA~ENEUTICAL PRINCIPLES " , - , by Raymond F. Surburg, Th.D.,Ph.D. :;; < U~ , t1 ..} .' THE NEW HERMENEUTIC VERSUS THE OLD HERMENEUTICS IN NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION by Raymond F. Surburg The new hermeneutic is a development in continental theology after World 1 War II. It has developed from the hermeneutics of Rudolph Bu1tmann. In order to understand the new hermeneutic it is necessary to look at the thought of Bu1tmann. In the 1920's Bultmann joined Barth in protesting against the old liberalism. When Barth published his famous RHmerbrief (1919) Bultmann welcomed it as a breakthrough in Biblical Interpretation. However, the friend- ship with Barth did not last too long because Harth did not employ the his tori- cal critical method even though he was not in prinCiple opposed to its use. Bultmann had been thoroughly indoctrinated in critical methodology and his entire scholarly endeavor wa.s shaped by its use. Hultmann took the position that nothing which contradicts science can be accepted even though clearly taught in the Bible. Hultmann's hermeneutics was thoroughly opposed to any form of supernaturalism, which in essence means cutting out the very heart of that which is distinctive 2 about Biblical teaching, whether found in the Old or the New Testaments. Any doctrine which goes against reason must therefore be rejected. Obviously miracles cannot be taken seriously. Doctrines like the incarnation, resurrection, ascension and a visible return of Christ are out of the question for any person who desires to be intellectually respectable. This rules out the concept of prophecy and eschatology.
    [Show full text]
  • Mythical Criticism- an Evaluation of Rudolf Bultmann Robert Gutheil Concordia Seminary, St
    Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Master of Divinity Thesis Concordia Seminary Scholarship 1-1-1965 Mythical Criticism- An Evaluation of Rudolf Bultmann Robert Gutheil Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.csl.edu/mdiv Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Gutheil, Robert, "Mythical Criticism- An Evaluation of Rudolf Bultmann" (1965). Master of Divinity Thesis. 64. http://scholar.csl.edu/mdiv/64 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Divinity Thesis by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MYTHICAL CRITICISM An Evaluation of Rudolf Bultmann Robert H. Gutheil Adviser: Dr. A. C. Piepkorn Rudolf Bultmann has not lacked his champions. For many, he is almost Martin Luther redivivus. Others see him as Satan incarnatus. No matter which is the stronger influence, we cannot escape the undeniable importance of this man. He is a devout churchman; a keen, critical scholar of the Bible; and a disciple of Martin Heidegger. His way of doing theology has begun a new chapter in the history of interpretation. If Bultmann's own scholarly output has been prodi- gious, the theological dialogue which he has engendered has been overwhelming. A paper of this scope could not begin to assimilate all of the relevant material. It will be our specific purpose in the next few pages to outline the principle features of Bultmann's mythical criticism-- his call for demythologization and his existential inter- pretation of the kerygma.
    [Show full text]
  • MICHAEL ROOT School of Theology and Religious Studies the Catholic University of America
    MICHAEL ROOT School of Theology and Religious Studies The Catholic University of America EMPLOYMENT 2011-Present: Ordinary Professor of Systematic Theology, The Catholic University of America 2003-2011: Professor of Systematic Theology (also Dean and Vice President for Academic Affairs, 2003-9) Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, Columbia, SC 1998-2003: Edward C. Fendt Professor of Systematic Theology Trinity Lutheran Seminary, Columbus, Ohio 1988-1998: Research Professor; Director (1991-93; 1995-97) Institute for Ecumenical Research, Strasbourg, France 1980-1988: Assistant (1980-84) and Associate (1984-88) Professor of Systematic Theology Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary 1978-80: Instructor in Religion Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina OTHER ACTIVITIES 2006-2015: Executive Director, Center for Catholic and Evangelical Theology 2006-Present: Associate Editor, Pro Ecclesia EDUCATION 1979: Ph.D., in Religious Studies - Theology; Yale University 1977: M.Phil., Yale University 1974: M.A., Yale University 1973: A.B., Dartmouth College (Summa Cum Laude, Salutatorian) MEMBERSHIPS Editorial board, Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible, 2003- present Editorial Advisory Board, Ecclesiology, 2006-2015 Board of Directors, Center for Catholic and Evangelical Theology, 2016- present Member, USA Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue, 1998-2010, 2013-present Member, International Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue, 2008-2010 Drafting committee for Lutheran-Episcopal full communion agreement Called to Common Mission, 1997-99 Drafting committee to
    [Show full text]
  • A Few Weeks Ago, Ed Schroeder Handed Me His
    A few weeks ago, Ed Schroeder handed me his own copy of Carl Braaten's Principles of Lutheran Theology (Second Edition) and asked whether I might append a word for Thursday Theology in review of this text. Ed was well aware that Carl Braaten was my Doktorvater. For Carl's impeccable courage and willingness to work with me and see me through the process of getting my Ph.D. (though at the time it was still called a Th.D.), I will forever be grateful. In this second edition, appearing 24 years since the first edition, one will note the same seven chapters corresponding to the seven principles he wishes to lift up for our Lutheran integrity: canon, confession, ecumenism, christocentricity (really, about soteriology or salvation), sacrament, law/gospel, and two-kingdoms. What is different in this second edition is his inclusion of a chapter on The Trinitarian Principle. Commenting on the difference, Braaten notes, "Ever since its [the first edition's] publication I was aware of a glaring shortcoming. There was no chapter on God." (ix) I purchased and read the first edition of Principles, interestingly enough, the very year I entered doctoral studies at LSTC in 1983. It was hot off the presses. For some, this book's appearance marked a change from Braaten as the champion of liberationists to being liberation theology's critic. To be sure, there are criticisms of liberation theology in Principles; but it would be a caricature to consider Braaten antithetical to the concern of liberation of the oppressed. Braaten, for his part, has always maintained that.
    [Show full text]
  • Concordia Theological Quarterly
    Concordia Theological Quarterly Volume 75:3–4 July/October 2011 Table of Contents Walther and the Revival of Confessional Lutheranism Martin R. Noland ................................................................................ 195 Grabau Versus Walther: The Use of the Book of Concord in the American Lutheran Debate on Church and Ministry in the Nineteenth Century Benjamin T.G. Mayes ......................................................................... 217 C.F.W. Walther’s Use of Luther Cameron A. MacKenzie ..................................................................... 253 Mission through Witness, Mercy, Life Together in Walther and the First Fathers of Missouri Albert B. Collver ................................................................................. 275 Eduard Preuss and C.F.W. Walther Roland F. Ziegler ................................................................................ 289 Wilhelm Löhe: His Voice Still Heard in Walther’s Church John T. Pless ........................................................................................ 311 Walther, the Third Use of the Law, and Contemporary Issues David P. Scaer ..................................................................................... 329 The King James Version: The Beginning or the End? Cameron A. MacKenzie ..................................................................... 343 Theological Observer ...................................................................................... 367 Dean Wenthe: An Appreciation An Old Seminary, a New
    [Show full text]
  • Whatever Became of Carl Braaten?: Selective Critical Reflections on Carl Braaten's Because of Christ: Memoirs of a Lutheran Theologian Gary M
    Luther Seminary Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary Faculty Publications Faculty & Staff choS larship 10-2012 Whatever Became of Carl Braaten?: Selective Critical Reflections on Carl Braaten's Because of Christ: Memoirs of a Lutheran Theologian Gary M. Simpson Luther Seminary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/faculty_articles Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Simpson, Gary M., "Whatever Became of Carl Braaten?: Selective Critical Reflections on Carl Braaten's Because of Christ: Memoirs of a Lutheran Theologian" (2012). Faculty Publications. 57. http://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/faculty_articles/57 Published Citation Simpson, Gary M. “Whatever Became of Carl Braaten?: Selective Critical Reflections on Carl E. Braaten’s Because of Christ: Memoirs of a Lutheran Theologian.” Currents in Theology and Mission 39, no. 5 (October 2012): 374–85. https://luthersem.idm.oclc.org/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0001933789&site=ehost-live&scope=site. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty & Staff choS larship at Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Whatever Became of Carl Braaten? Selective Critical Reflections on Carl E. Braatens Because o f Christ: Memoirs o f a Lutheran Theologian Gary M. Simpson Professor o f Systematic Theology, Luther Seminary Carl Braaten as “a Lutheran theologian” review his understanding of the vocation is one thing, but Carl Braaten as “a Lu- of a Lutheran theologian; second, I will theran theologian” is quite another! Just stipulate certain traits of each of the Carls; so, some commemorate his influence with third, I will chart the career path of the joy; others remember him less cheerfully.
    [Show full text]
  • Lutheran Tradition: Five Continuing Themes Walter R
    Intersections Volume 1997 | Number 2 Article 4 1997 Lutheran Tradition: Five Continuing Themes Walter R. Bouman Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/intersections Augustana Digital Commons Citation Bouman, Walter R. (1997) "Lutheran Tradition: Five Continuing Themes," Intersections: Vol. 1997: No. 2, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/intersections/vol1997/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Intersections by an authorized administrator of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LUTHERAN TRADITION: FIVE CONTINUING THEMES Walter R. Bouman Lutherans are "a decent, humble people," says Garrison places where all threse arguments are -- or ought to be -­ Keillor, the Lutheran church's best knownapologete. And vigorously taking place. they may have much to be humble about. In the USA, Lutherans are in themiddle of the middle class, withlower I. The LutheranTr adition is Biblical average incomes than Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and members of the United Church of Christ, higher average Martin Luther (1463-1546) was a monumental figure in incomes than Baptists, Pentecostals, and members of Westernhistory, larger than lifein his own life-time. He is holiness churches. Only 12% of Lutherans are college of great importance to theLutheran tradition, but he is not graduates(compared with 34% forEpiscopalians), but they the founderof a religious institution in thesense in which, have a high respectfor college education. 1 My assignment forexample, Mary Baker Eddy is thefounder of the Church is to describe the Lutheran theological tradition forcollege of Christ, Scientist.
    [Show full text]