Diálogo Sobre O PROTOCOLO DE NAGOIA Entre Brasil E União Europeia

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Diálogo Sobre O PROTOCOLO DE NAGOIA Entre Brasil E União Europeia Diálogo sobre o PROTOCOLO DE NAGOIA entre Brasil e União Europeia Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão Ministério do Meio Ambiente República Federativa do Brasil Presidenta: DILMA ROUSSEFF Vice-Presidente: MICHEL TEMER Ministério do Meio Ambiente Ministra: IZABELLA TEIXEIRA Secretaria Executiva Secretário: FRANCISCO GAETANI Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas Secretário: ROBERTO CAVALCANTI Departamento do Patrimônio Genético Diretora: ELIANA FONTES Gerência de Assuntos Regulatórios e Repartição de Benefícios Gerente: FRANCINE CUNHA Gerência de Acesso ao Patrimônio Genético Gerente: ANA Yamaguishi Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão Ministra: MIRIAM BELCHIOR Secretaria de Gestão Pública Secretária: ANA LUCIA BRITO Departamento de Inovação e Melhoria da Gestão Diretora: VALÉRIA SALGADO Gerência de Projetos de Cooperação Técnica Gerente: SAMUEL ANTERO Ministério do Meio Ambiente Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas Departamento do Patrimônio Genético SEPN 505, Bloco B, Ed. Marie Prendi Cruz, Sala 517 Brasília - DF CEP: 70730-542 2 3 MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE Secretaria DE BIODIVersidade E FLorestas DepartameNto DO PatrimÔNIO GENÉtico Diálogo sobre o PROTOCOLO DE NAGOIA entre Brasil e União Europeia Brasília 2013 2 3 Diretor do Projeto Diálogos Setoriais União Europeia - Brasil SAMUEL ANTERO Coordenadora Geral (MMA) ELIANA FONTES Coordenador Executivo (MMA) Carlos Potiara Castro Autor ANTHONY Gross Revisão da tradução Carlos Potiara Castro Projeto Gráfico e diagramação FLÁVIA ARLANT Ficha Catalográfica IBAMA Referencia para citação: GROSS, A. R. Diálogo sobre o Protocolo de Nagoia entre Brasil e União Europeia = Dialogue on the Nagoya Pro- tocol between Brazil and the European Union. Brasília: MMA, 2013. 29 p. Catalogação na Fonte Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis ______________________________________________________________________________________________ D881 Diálogo sobre o Protocolo de Nagoia entre Brasil e União Europeia =. Dialogue on the Nagoya Protocol be- tween Brazil and the European Union / Anthony Reginald Gross. Brasília: MMA/SBF, 2013 29 p. : il. color. ISBN 978-85-7738- 1. Protocolo de Nagoia = Nagoya Protocol. 2. Recursos genéticos = genetic resources. 3. Biodiversidade = biodiversity. 4. Sustentabilidade = sustainability. I. Gross, Anthony Reginald. II. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. III. Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas. IV. Departamento do Patrimônio Genético. V. Título. CDU(2.ed.) 581.14 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 5 4 5 Glossário ABS Acesso e Repartição de Benefícios ANVISA Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária CDB Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica CGEN Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CPF Consentimento Prévio Fundamentado DPG Departamento do Patrimônio Genético EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis ICMBio Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade IPHAN Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional MMA Ministério do Meio Ambiente TMA Termos Mutuamente Acordados 6 7 Apresentação resposta à perda de biodiversidade no Brasil socioambiental das comunidades e povos detentores tem sido enfocada na promoção da conservação de conhecimentos tradicionais, assim como permitirá Ain situ em unidades de conservação; do que a conservação da biodiversidade seja remunerada manejo ambiental; da promoção da educação e da pelo seu uso. conscientização da sociedade; do controle da qualidade Considerando que o Brasil é um país megadiverso, ambiental; do estudo das áreas costeiras; e de diversos com cerca de 13% da biodiversidade do mundo, o outros programas e ações que o Ministério do Meio potencial econômico derivado do uso de seus recursos Ambiente tem empreendido em todo o território genéticos é muito alto. O país pode vir a se desenvolver nacional. economicamente a partir dessa riqueza. Para tanto, é O Brasil tem sido nas últimas décadas pioneiro na necessário que maiores investimentos sejam feitos em área ambiental. Sobretudo a partir da Conferência pesquisa científica e inovação, criando um ciclo positivo das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e o onde a promoção do uso sustentável dos recursos Desenvolvimento (Rio 92) uma série de compromissos da biodiversidade será o motor de sua conservação, internacionais foram assumidos pelo país com o por meio do emprego dos recursos monetários e objetivo de conservar a biodiversidade, valorizar as não monetários da repartição dos benefícios em comunidades locais e seus conhecimentos tradicionais ações voltadas à manutenção e melhoria da provisão associados e promover a repartição de benefícios de serviços ambientais. Tais ações podem incluir, derivados de seu uso comercial. inclusive, novas pesquisas científicas sobre a nossa A Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB), biodiversidade, gerando novos usos e novos benefícios, assinada por 193 partes e que foi internalizada ao retroalimentando esse ciclo. Não há dúvida de que arcabouço jurídico nacional através do Decreto 2519 se trata de um conjunto de instrumentos ambiciosos, de 16 março de 1998, figura entre os mais importantes mas conveniente visto a necessidade de proteção atos multilaterais assinado pelo Brasil nesta área. A dos conhecimentos de comunidades tradicionais CDB definiu importantes objetivos a serem alcançados e povos indígenas, assim como de conservação da e criou um fórum próprio de discussão bianual voltado biodiversidade. para a conservação da biodiversidade. A presente obra resulta do processo de diálogos Os três objetivos da CDB, de conservação da empreendidos entre o Ministério do Meio Ambiente biodiversidade, de uso sustentável de seus componentes e setores de países constituintes da União Europeia e de repartição justa e equitativa dos benefícios das áreas usuárias de componente da biodiversidade, derivados de seu uso, definem os pilares sobre os assim como científicas e governamentais. Ela reflete os quais está estruturada. O esforço de implementação principais temas de debate, assim como as diferentes do terceiro objetivo da CBD culminou com a adoção visões sobre o esforço de implementação do Protocolo em sua 10ª Conferência das Partes, em 2010, do texto de Nagoia em nível nacional e internacional, suas do Protocolo de Nagoia sobre Acesso aos Recursos necessidades e expectativas. Produzido em duas línguas Genéticos e a Repartição Justa e Equitativa dos o livro Diálogos sobre o Protocolo de Nagoia entre Benefícios Derivados de seu Uso. Brasil e União Europeia tem ainda por função apoiar as Esse acordo vinculante é um marco histórico para ações de conscientização e sensibilização sobre acesso a gestão internacional da biodiversidade. Uma vez e repartição de benefícios. em vigor, quando for ratificado por um mínimo de Assim, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente tem o prazer cinquenta países, constituirá um instrumento que de apresentar e compartilhar esta publicação, resultado reduzirá os custos de transação dos sistemas de gestão de um esforço conjunto, com todos aqueles que do patrimônio genético, permitindo maior segurança direta ou indiretamente envolvem-se com questões de jurídica nas relações envolvendo uso de componentes conservação da biodiversidade e dos conhecimentos da biodiversidade. A sua implementação em nível tradicionais associados, na esperança de que possa global demandará um esforço suplementar de todos os contribuir significativamente com ações que resultem setores provedores e usuários de recursos genéticos, em benefícios para toda a sociedade. assim como das instituições governamentais envolvidas com sua gestão. Izabella Teixeira A repartição de benefícios derivados da utilização Ministra de Estado do Meio Ambiente dos recursos genéticos e dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados, que está no cerne do Protocolo de Nagoia, configura um instrumento de desenvolvimento 6 7 7 8 9 Introdução Brasil sempre atribuiu grande o texto final do Protocolo de Nagoia. importância à realização do O Brasil assinou o Protocolo no início de Oterceiro objetivo da Convenção 2011 e, ao longo do ano de 2012, participou sobre Diversidade Biológica - a repartição de diálogos com a União Europeia sobre a justa e equitativa dos benefícios derivados ratificação e implementação do Protocolo da utilização dos recursos genéticos, no âmbito de suas respectivas jurisdições. mediante, inclusive, o acesso adequado As questões em pauta são novas e aos recursos genéticos e a transferência desafiadoras para os países. A cooperação adequada de tecnologias pertinentes. pode, portanto, auxiliar todas as partes na O Brasil foi um dos primeiros países compreensão das complexidades e no a pôr em prática, há dez anos, medidas desenvolvimento de medidas nacionais. A legislativas, administrativas e políticas cooperação também será essencial para a destinadas a implementar este objetivo promoção da pesquisa e desenvolvimento em nível nacional. Mas desde o início, ficou na utilização de recursos genéticos com claro que, sem um regime concertado repartição de benefícios. Há a esperança internacionalmente sobre a repartição dos de que estes diálogos com a União benefícios, garantindo que os usuários Europeia possam trazer benefícios de recursos genéticos obtidos de outros para ambas as partes e oferecer novas países o fizessem de acordo com a perspectivas para os outros países, no legislação do país
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