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Arxiv:1203.5589V2 [Math.SG] 5 Oct 2014 Orbit
ON GROWTH RATE AND CONTACT HOMOLOGY ANNE VAUGON Abstract. It is a conjecture of Colin and Honda that the number of peri- odic Reeb orbits of universally tight contact structures on hyperbolic mani- folds grows exponentially with the period, and they speculate further that the growth rate of contact homology is polynomial on non-hyperbolic geometries. Along the line of the conjecture, for manifolds with a hyperbolic component that fibers on the circle, we prove that there are infinitely many non-isomorphic contact structures for which the number of periodic Reeb orbits of any non- degenerate Reeb vector field grows exponentially. Our result hinges on the exponential growth of contact homology which we derive as well. We also compute contact homology in some non-hyperbolic cases that exhibit polyno- mial growth, namely those of universally tight contact structures on a circle bundle non-transverse to the fibers. 1. Introduction and main results The goal of this paper is to study connections between the asymptotic number of periodic Reeb orbits of a 3-dimensional contact manifold and the geometry of the underlying manifold. We first recall some basic definitions of contact geometry. A 1-form α on a 3-manifold M is called a contact form if α ∧ dα is a volume form on M.A (cooriented) contact structure ξ is a plane field defined as the kernel of a contact form. If M is oriented, the contact structure ker(α) is called positive if the 3-form α ∧ dα orients M. The Reeb vector field associated to a contact form α is the vector field Rα such that ιRα α = 1 and ιRα dα = 0. -
2018-06-108.Pdf
NEWSLETTER OF THE EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Feature S E European Tensor Product and Semi-Stability M M Mathematical Interviews E S Society Peter Sarnak Gigliola Staffilani June 2018 Obituary Robert A. Minlos Issue 108 ISSN 1027-488X Prague, venue of the EMS Council Meeting, 23–24 June 2018 New books published by the Individual members of the EMS, member S societies or societies with a reciprocity agree- E European ment (such as the American, Australian and M M Mathematical Canadian Mathematical Societies) are entitled to a discount of 20% on any book purchases, if E S Society ordered directly at the EMS Publishing House. Bogdan Nica (McGill University, Montreal, Canada) A Brief Introduction to Spectral Graph Theory (EMS Textbooks in Mathematics) ISBN 978-3-03719-188-0. 2018. 168 pages. Hardcover. 16.5 x 23.5 cm. 38.00 Euro Spectral graph theory starts by associating matrices to graphs – notably, the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix. The general theme is then, firstly, to compute or estimate the eigenvalues of such matrices, and secondly, to relate the eigenvalues to structural properties of graphs. As it turns out, the spectral perspective is a powerful tool. Some of its loveliest applications concern facts that are, in principle, purely graph theoretic or combinatorial. This text is an introduction to spectral graph theory, but it could also be seen as an invitation to algebraic graph theory. The first half is devoted to graphs, finite fields, and how they come together. This part provides an appealing motivation and context of the second, spectral, half. The text is enriched by many exercises and their solutions. -
Invariants of Legendrian Products Peter Lambert-Cole Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Invariants of Legendrian products Peter Lambert-Cole Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Applied Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Lambert-Cole, Peter, "Invariants of Legendrian products" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2909. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2909 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. INVARIANTS OF LEGENDRIAN PRODUCTS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Mathematics by Peter Lambert-Cole A.B. Mathematics, Princeton University 2009 M.S. Mathematics, Louisiana State University, 2011 August 2014 Acknowledgments The work in this thesis owes much to the generosity, support and mentorship of many people. First and foremost are Scott Baldridge, my advisor, and Shea Vela-Vick, who has been a second advisor in all but title. I am extremely grateful to the Louisiana State University Board of Regents for a four-year fellowship to study mathematics. My research owes a great deal to the freedom and time it gave me to think deeply about mathematics and pursue ambitious research projects. I would like to thank John Etnyre and Lenhard Ng, for hosting me at Geor- gia Institute of Technology and Duke University, respectively, and many helpful conversations and advice on the research in this thesis. -
Ergebnisse Der Mathematik Und Ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge / a Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics
Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge / A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics Volume 72 Series Editors L. Ambrosio, Pisa V. Baladi, Paris G.-M. Greuel, Kaiserslautern M. Gromov, Bures-sur-Yvette G. Huisken, Tübingen J. Jost, Leipzig J. Kollár, Princeton G. Laumon, Orsay U. Tillmann, Oxford J. Tits, Paris D.B. Zagier, Bonn More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/728 The Virtual Series on Symplectic Geometry Series Editors Alberto Abbondandolo Helmut Hofer Tara Suzanne Holm Dusa McDuff Claude Viterbo Associate Editors Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner Umberto Hryniewicz Emmy Murphy Yaron Ostrover Silvia Sabatini Sobhan Seyfaddini Jake Solomon Tony Yue Yu More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16019 Helmut Hofer • Krzysztof Wysocki Eduard Zehnder Polyfold and Fredholm Theory Helmut Hofer Krzysztof Wysocki Institute for Advanced Study Department of Mathematics Princeton, NJ, USA Pennsylvania State University University Park, State College Eduard Zehnder PA , USA Department of Mathematics ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland ISSN 0071-1136 ISSN 2197-5655 (electronic) Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge / A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics ISBN 978-3-030-78006-7 ISBN 978-3-030-78007-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78007-4 Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 58, 53, 46 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
Gromov's Alternative, Contact Shape, and C^ 0-Rigidity of Contact
GROMOV’S ALTERNATIVE, CONTACT SHAPE, AND C0-RIGIDITY OF CONTACT DIFFEOMORPHISMS STEFAN MULLER¨ AND PETER SPAETH Abstract. We prove that the group of contact diffeomorphisms is closed in the group of all diffeomorphisms in the C0-topology. By Gromov’s alternative, it suffices to exhibit a diffeomorphism that can not be approximated uniformly by contact diffeomorphisms. Our construction uses Eliashberg’s contact shape. 1. Introduction and main result Let (W 2n,ω) be a connected symplectic manifold, and ωn be the corresponding canonical volume form. We assume throughout this paper that all diffeomorphisms and vector fields are compactly supported in the interior of a given manifold. A symplectic diffeomorphism obviously preserves the volume form ωn, and thus so does a diffeomorphism that is the uniform limit of symplectic diffeomorphisms. In the early 1970s, Gromov discovered a fundamental hard versus soft alternative [Gro86]: either the group Symp(W, ω) of symplectic diffeomorphisms is C0-closed in the group Diff(W ) of all diffeomorphisms (hardness or rigidity), or its C0-closure is (a subgroup of finite codimension in) the group Diff(W, ωn) of volume preserving diffeomorphisms (softness or flexibility). See section 2 for a more precise statement. Gromov’s alternative is a fundamental question that concerns the very existence of symplectic topology [MS98, DT90]. That rigidity holds was proved by Eliashberg in the late 1970s [Eli82, Eli87]. One of the most geometric expressions of this C0- rigidity is Gromov’s non-squeezing theorem. Denote by B2n(r) a closed ball of 2n 2 2n−2 radius r in R with its standard symplectic form ω0, and by B (R) × R = Z2n(R) ⊂ R2n a cylinder of radius R so that the splitting R2 ×R2n−2 is symplectic. -
Topological Persistence in Geometry and Analysis
Applied VOLUME 74 UNIVERSITY LECTURE SERIES Mathematics Topological Persistence in Geometry and Analysis Leonid Polterovich Daniel Rosen Karina Samvelyan Jun Zhang 10.1090/ulect/074 Topological Persistence in Geometry and Analysis UNIVERSITY LECTURE SERIES VOLUME 74 Topological Persistence in Geometry and Analysis Leonid Polterovich Daniel Rosen Karina Samvelyan Jun Zhang EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Robert Guralnick William P. Minicozzi II (Chair) Emily Riehl Tatiana Toro 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 55U99, 58Cxx, 53Dxx. For additional information and updates on this book, visit www.ams.org/bookpages/ulect-74 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Polterovich, Leonid, 1963- author. | Rosen, Daniel, 1980- author. | Samvelyan, Karina, 1988- author. | Zhang, Jun, 1988- author. Title: Topological persistence in geometry and analysis / Leonid Polterovich, Daniel Rosen, Karina Samvelyan, Jun Zhang. Description: Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, [2020] | Series: Univer- sity lecture series, 1047-3998 ; volume 74 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019059052 | ISBN 9781470454951 (paperback) | ISBN 9781470456795 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Algebraic topology. | Homology theory. | Combinatorial topology. | Symplectic geometry. | Mathematical analysis. | AMS: Algebraic topology – Applied homological alge- bra and category theory [See also 18Gxx]. | Global analysis, analysis on manifolds [See also 32Cxx, 32Fxx, 32Wxx, 46-XX, 47Hxx, 53Cxx] {For geometric integration theory, -
A Symplectic Prolegomenon 417
BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 52, Number 3, July 2015, Pages 415–464 S 0273-0979(2015)01477-1 Article electronically published on January 30, 2015 ASYMPLECTICPROLEGOMENON IVAN SMITH Abstract. A symplectic manifold gives rise to a triangulated A∞-category, the derived Fukaya category, which encodes information on Lagrangian sub- manifolds and dynamics as probed by Floer cohomology. This survey aims to give some insight into what the Fukaya category is, where it comes from, and what symplectic topologists want to do with it. ...everything you wanted to say required a context. If you gave the full context, people thought you a rambling old fool. If you didn’t give the context, people thought you a laconic old fool. Julian Barnes, Staring at the Sun 1. Introduction The origins of symplectic topology lie in classical Hamiltonian dynamics, but it also arises naturally in algebraic geometry, in representation theory, in low- dimensional topology, and in string theory. In all of these settings, arguably the most important technology deployed in symplectic topology is Floer cohomol- ogy, which associates to a pair of oriented n-dimensional Lagrangian submanifolds L, L of a 2n-dimensional symplectic manifold (X, ω)aZ2-graded vector space HF∗(L, L), which categorifies the classical homological intersection number of L and L in the sense that χ(HF∗(L, L)) = (−1)n(n+1)/2 [L] · [L]. In the early days of the subject, Floer cohomology played a role similar to that taken by singular homology groups in algebraic topology at the beginning of the last century: the ranks of the groups provided lower bounds for problems of geo- metric or dynamical origin (numbers of periodic points, for instance). -
Reflections in a Cup of Coffee
REFLECTIONS IN A CUP OF COFFEE RAF BOCKLANDT ABSTRACT. Allegedly, Brouwer discovered his famous fixed point theorem while stirring a cup of coffee and noticing that there is always at least one point in the liquid that does not move. In this paper, based on a talk in honour of Brouwer at the University of Amsterdam, we will explore how Brouwer’s ideas about this phenomenon spilt over in a lot of different areas of mathematics and how this eventually led to an intriguing geometrical theory we now know as mirror symmetry. 1. BROUWER’S BEGINNINGS As the nineteenth century drew to a close, the famous French mathematician Henri Poincare´ unleashed a new type of geometry onto the world, which would transform many areas in mathematics and keep mathematicians busy until this very day. Poincare´ used topology —or analysis situs as this new geometry was called in these days— to study solutions of differential equations by looking at the global structure of the spaces on which they were defined [20]. This global information was of a different nature than the classical geometrical prop- erties like distances and angles. Unlike the latter, topological properties of a space do not change under continuous deformations like stretching and bending. They describe more robust features such as the number of holes in a space or the different ways to connect to points. Although some of these concepts were already known before, Poincare´ brought the subject to a new level by demonstrating how they could be used to derive higly nontrivial results in seemingly unrelated research areas.