DOCSLIB.ORG

Separatist and Autonomous Tendencies in Modern Italy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Separatist and Autonomous Tendencies in Modern Italy Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities • nr 8/2018 • Nations without state or states without nations ISSN 2084-848X (print) • ISSN 2543-9391 (on-line) • DOI 10.2478/pn-2018-0006 Bartłomiej Secler* Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poznań, Poland • https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-6642 Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy Introduction Abbiamo fatto l’Italia, ora dobbiamo fare gli italiani We have made Italy, now we have to do Italians – Massimo Taparelli d’Azeglio 1, I mieiricordi On October 22, 2017, a consultative referenda (Italian referendum consultativo 2) took place in Veneto and Lombardy regions in Italy, during which residents could express their views on the possible extension of the autonomy of these administrative units. How- ever, it should be clearly stated that in referenda was not about gaining independence and separating from the Italian Republic, which would be incompatible with the Ital- ian Constitution, that in Article 5 states that the state is uniform and indivisible 3. !is provision also expresses the principle of regional autonomy, i.e.: “the Republic [...] rec- ognizes and supports local self-government; implements the widest decentralization of administration in the activities of the services subject to the state; adapts the rules and system of its legislation to the requirements of self-government and decentralization” 4. !e wide scope of regional autonomy does not mean that in contemporary Italy there are no visible separatist tendencies and attempts to expand autonomy, as exemplified by the aforementioned referenda. However, such plebiscites are not legally binding. !e result (in the case of Veneto and Lombardy, a strong victory for advocates of extending autonomy was noted; see Table 1) may be an impulse for local authorities to negotiate with the state authorities to increase the regions’ powers. 1 Massimo d’Azeglio, Italian writer, politician, statesman living in 1798-1866. 2 M. Rovelli, A. Sala, Referendum sull’autonomia , http://www.corriere.it/referendum-autonomia-lom- bardia-e-veneto/diretta-live/17_ottobre_22/referendum-autonomia-quorum-superato-veneto-lombardia- voto-305percento-14f27496-b75c-11e7-9b0d-a33e3b4f370f.shtml [access on:18.12.2017]. 3 Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana, “Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana”, 1947, No. 298, http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/jsp/consulta/link/costituzione_en.do [access on: 29.12.2017]. 4 Ibidem . * Correspondence address: Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, ul. Umultowska 89A, 61-614 Poznań, Polska, e-mail: [email protected]. Bartłomiej Secler Table 1. Results of the referenda in the regions of Veneto and Lombardy on October 22, 2017 Region Veneto Lombardia Turnout 57.2% 38.25% entitled to vote 2,328,949 people entitled to vote 3,010,434 people For the autonomy 98.1% 95.29% Against the autonomy 1.9% 3.94% Invalid votes – 0.77% Source: based on the data of the Italian Ministry of the Interior (Italian Ministero dell’Interno ). Broadening the autonomy of the regions in political practice depends to a large ex- tent on the political will of the government. It is worth noting that in northern Italy, for example in the mentioned Lombardy, for many years there have been groups and organ- izations, such as the Northern League ( Lega Nord ), that base their political activity on separatist premises (Italian tendenze separatistiche ), thus striving to separate the north- ern regions from the rest of Italy and create a separate state with the capital in Milan. In this context, the situation arising from the decisions of the elections to the Chamber of Deputies and Senate (March 2018), which brought victory for the Northern League in the center-right bloc, is interesting, and its leader Matteo Salvini has become one of the serious candidates for the prime minister’s chair 5. Focusing on the autonomous diversity of the Apennine Peninsula, we cannot omit five regions enjoying the special statute (Italian statuto speciale ), which – as it is o$en pointed out in journalism – the other fi$een regions envy. Possessing an extraordinary statute through the Aosta Valley (Italian Valle d’Aosta ), Sardinia (Italian Sardegna ), Sic- ily (Italian Sicilia ), Trentino-Upper Adige (Italian Trentino-Alto Adige ), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian Friuli -Venezia Giulia ) results directly in the provision of Article 116 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic. !ese regions retain autonomy in the legislative sphere (Italian autonomia legislativa ), administrative (Italian autonomia amministrativa ) and financial autonomy (Italian autonomia finanziaria ). !eir specific position does not result directly from the separatist tendencies and the insular nature of Sardinia and Sici- ly, or the presence in the territories of the other three linguistic and cultural minorities. !e aim of the article is to present the problems of separatist and autonomous as- pirations in contemporary Italy. Assuming the importance of historical conditions and the economic, cultural and political diversity of the Apennine Peninsula, both in the past and now, questions about the scale of separatist and autonomous aspirations, fac- tors affecting them, and the role of political organizations and groupings that increase the independence of regions or disconnecting them from the state become important. It is also worth paying attention to the condition of modern Italy regarding the ability of 5 At the time of publishing the text (beginning of May 2018), coalition talks between the Five Stars Mo- vement and the Northern League regarding the creation of a joint government lasted. !ere were, however, no clear political statements related to the name of the future prime minister. Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities nr 8/2018 Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy the state to maintain its internal order, ensuring integrity and territorial cohesion. !e considerations made here are part of the theoretical context of national separatism, to which I attribute a significant role in contemporary relations in Western Europe. !e intuitive method was used to analyze the concepts and problems. !e descriptive (mon- ographic) method was also applied, helpful in demonstrating the multi-faceted nature of the subject and recognizing the matter associated with it. !e argument is based on the analysis of sources and literature in Polish and Italian. At the outset, it is also important to note the difference between the terms “separa- tism” in the title of the sketch and the text; “separatism”, “separatist” and “autonomy”, “autonomous”, and the awareness of the author of these considerations as to their sep- arateness. Separatist tendencies are treated as disintegrating, splitting, isolationist, and autonomous as independent, self-governing, independent or sovereign. !is explana- tion is necessary because a misleading expression may arise that these terms used col- lectively (e.g. “separatist and autonomous tendencies”) are perceived as identical. Separatism and its determinants An important role in international relations is played by the national factor, which in recent years has become more and more significant in the countries of the Old Con- tinent. National worldviews of the nineteenth century, and among them nationalism, evolved in the direction of separatist aspirations that are the will of the nations to mark their separateness, and thus, justify the need to create their own sovereign state 6. Moni- ka Topczewska rightly notes that the renaissance of nationalist ideologies that give first place to national values constitute a contribution to the opposition of regional or na- tional particularisms to state nationalism 7. As in the case of separatism, the sources of autonomous concepts should be sought in the nineteenth century, which was obviously related to the nationalist processes re- vived at that time, the formation of national states or just the ambitions of nations. Au- tonomy, referring to the concept of territorial units, is generally defined in the literature of the subject as an admission of administrative and legislative independence. Moreo- ver, there are two basic types of autonomy, i.e. national and territorial ones, which con- stitute the right of self-determination according to a larger whole by residents living in a given area. !e desire for autonomy is usually manifested in actions taken by nation- al, linguistic, and religious minorities 8. Nowadays, as the researchers emphasize, na- tional autonomy is of territorial character and is usually found in countries with a mul- ti-ethnic structure, which results in the autonomous unit achieving partial independ- 6 See: E. Gellner, Narody i nacjonalizm , Warszawa 1991, pp. 58-60. 7 M. Topczewska, Separatyzmy narodowe w Europie Zachodniej , “Studia Europejskie” 2001, No. 1, p. 101. 8 Leksykon współczesnych międzynarodowych stosunków politycznych , edit. Cz. Mojsiewicz, Warszawa 2004, p. 32. Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities nr 8/2018 ! Bartłomiej Secler ence, the limits of which are provisions formulated in basic acts or other legal acts 9. !is is the case in Italy. Returning, however, to the phenomenon of separatism defined – which has been ac- centuated above – as a form of nationalism, which is definitely a broader concept, one can see the factors conducive to its creation and evolution. !e structural determinants o$en decide about the emergence and development of separatist tendencies, which means that the minorities displaying separatist tendencies are
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Territorial Autonomy and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand
    ICIP WORKING PAPERS: 2010/01 GRAN VIA DE LES CORTS CATALANES 658, BAIX 08010 BARCELONA (SPAIN) Territorial Autonomy T. +34 93 554 42 70 | F. +34 93 554 42 80 [email protected] | WWW.ICIP.CAT and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand Roger Suso Territorial Autonomy and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand Roger Suso Institut Català Internacional per la Pau Barcelona, April 2010 Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 658, baix. 08010 Barcelona (Spain) T. +34 93 554 42 70 | F. +34 93 554 42 80 [email protected] | http:// www.icip.cat Editors Javier Alcalde and Rafael Grasa Editorial Board Pablo Aguiar, Alfons Barceló, Catherine Charrett, Gema Collantes, Caterina Garcia, Abel Escribà, Vicenç Fisas, Tica Font, Antoni Pigrau, Xavier Pons, Alejandro Pozo, Mònica Sabata, Jaume Saura, Antoni Segura and Josep Maria Terricabras Graphic Design Fundació Tam-Tam ISSN 2013-5793 (online edition) 2013-5785 (paper edition) DL B-38.039-2009 © 2009 Institut Català Internacional per la Pau · All rights reserved T H E A U T HOR Roger Suso holds a B.A. in Political Science (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB) and a M.A. in Peace and Conflict Studies (Uppsa- la University). He gained work and research experience in various or- ganizations like the UNDP-Lebanon in Beirut, the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) in Berlin, the Committee for the Defence of Human Rights to the Maghreb Elcàlam in Barcelona, and as an assist- ant lecturer at the UAB. An earlier version of this Working Paper was previously submitted in May 20, 2009 as a Master’s Thesis in Peace and Conflict Studies in the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Swe- den, under the supervisor of Thomas Ohlson.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Foundations, Structures and Institutions of Autonomy in Comparative Law
    Legal Foundations, Structures and Institutions of Autonomy in Comparative Law Markku Suksi 1 Introduction Autonomies around the world1 as a form of organization at the sub-national level show a number of common features or dimensions that offer a basis for comparisons. The comparisons, in turn, can be used for the purposes of explaining the legal effects of various forms of autonomy and for outlining the reasons for differences and similarities. What are the key features of autonomy, how could different autonomies be compared with each other and what is the future of autonomy as a form of organization? How could the different autonomies and their relations to each other be illustrated in the visual form, as a chart, so as to make it possible to identify the mul- titude of different models of autonomy on the basis of their normative features? For such a comparative exercise to take place, a common framework or platform of comparison should be designed. In other words, a so-called tertium comparationis should be developed. For the purposes of our discussion of autonomy, it is proposed that this tertium comparationis is created against the background of the right to participation in a broad sense, encompassing both the general right to participation as identified in article 25 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the one hand and the right to self-determination as a meta-right of participation as pointed at in article 1 of the same Covenant. 2 Participation and Self-Determination Article 25 of the CCPR deals with participation and covers participation not only at the national level but also at the sub-national and local government level.
    [Show full text]
  • The World's Modern Autonomy Systems
    2 The concepT of poliTical auTonomy Thomas Benedikter The World‘s Modern Autonomy Systems Concepts and Experiences of Regional Territorial Autonomy 1 The World’s Modern Autonomy Systems Institute of Minority Rights Concepts and Experiences of Regional Territorial EURAC Research Autonomy Viale Druso/Drususallee 1 I – 39100 Bolzano/Bozen Bozen/Bolzano, 2009 Email: [email protected] This study was written for the European Academy of A second version of this work is available in German Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC; www.eurac.edu), Institute for language: Minority Rights, in the frame of the project Europe- Thomas Benedikter South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Autonomien der Welt – Eine Einführung in die Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Regionalautonomien der Welt mit vergleichender Rights and the Management of Minority Issues Analyse, ATHESIA, Bozen 2007 (EURASIA-Net) (FP7). ISBN 978-88-8266-479-4 www.athesiabuch.it The first edition of this publication has been released [email protected] in India in 2007 under the title „The World‘s Working Regional Autonomies“ by ANTHEM PRESS, www. This work is dedicated to my father, Alfons Benedikter anthempress.com (born in 1918), who for most of his life gave his all for C-49 Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India autonomy and self-determination in South Tyrol. 75-76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK 244 Madison Ave. #116, New York, NY 10016, USA Edited by Copyright © EURAC 2009 This edition is published in collaboration with the Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group GC 45, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop on EU Administrative Law: State of Play and Future Prospects (León - Spain)
    DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS LEGAL AFFAIRS Workshop on EU administrative law: state of play and future prospects (León - Spain) Notes Abstract During a delegation of the Legal Affairs Committee, the Policy Department has organised a Workshop on EU administrative law at the University of León (27 - 28 April 2011). Several academic experts as well as law practitioners were invited to make contributions. The present collective edition contains all the briefing notes produced for the Workshop. PE453.215 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs. AUTHORS Professor Dr. Juergen Schwarze, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg Professor Jacques Ziller, Università degli Studi di Pavia Oriol Mir-Puigpelat, University of Barcelona Luis Ángel Ballesteros Moffa, University de León Stéphane Braconnier, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) Professor Jesús Fuentetaja, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Madrid) Dr Manuel Rebollo-Puig, University of Córdoba Mr Hendrik Viaene, Stibbe Brussels Professor Michael Gøtze, Copenhagen University Dr Päivi Leino-Sandberg, Ministry of Justice Finland Helena Jäderblom, Supreme Administrative Court Sweden RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Danai Papadopoulou Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN/ES Translation: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in March 2011. © European Parliament, Brussels, 2011. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies.do?language=EN http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Italyˇs (Definitely Complicated) Election
    FEB Market Update 2018 Italy’s (Definitely Complicated) Election Giuseppe Ricotta, CFA, FRM, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager/Analyst Guillaume Samama, CFA, Vice President, Research Analyst Italy’s political future was thrown into doubt a little over a year ago after the then-Prime Minister Matteo Renzi resigned following the electorate’s rejection of the constitutional reforms he had championed (for details see our Lazard Market Update, Comments on the Italian Referendum Result). We believe the referendum was a missed opportunity for positive reforms and that the next general election, scheduled for 4 March this year, could be pivotal for the country’s direction. In this paper, we discuss the election, the new electoral system, the potential for a hung parliament populism and other risks, and potential election scenarios. We use scenario analysis, conducted by our Multi-Asset team, to gauge the possible market reactions and economic implications for investors. A Missed Opportunity From 2014 to 2016, under the leadership of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD) and Prime Minister Renzi, Italy’s budget deficit remained well below the European Union’s (EU) headline target of 3.0% of GDP, and the labour market and banking sector underwent a series of transformations. The constitutional reform, to which Renzi staked his political future, represented an opportunity to drive reform efforts forward. The proposed constitutional reforms of 2016 would likely have made it easier and faster to pass new laws, as it would have lessened the Senate’s law-making powers and introduced several new paths to enact laws. We regarded these reforms as potentially transformational and, in our view, they would have been a positive step for Italy, in contrast with the present situation in which the Lower House (or Chamber of Deputies) and the Senate—which together comprise Italy’s parliament—have equal voting powers.
    [Show full text]
  • Masculinity and Political Authority 241 7.1 Introduction 241
    Durham E-Theses The political uses of identity an enthnography of the northern league Fernandes, Vasco Sérgio Costa How to cite: Fernandes, Vasco Sérgio Costa (2009) The political uses of identity an enthnography of the northern league, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2080/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk University of Durham The Political Uses of Identity: An Ethnography of the Northern The copyright of this thesis rests with the author or the university to which it was League submitted. No quotation from it, or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author or university, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. By Vasco Sergio Costa Fernandes Department of Anthropology April 2009 Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Dr Paul Sant Cassia Dr Peter Collins 2 1 MAY 2009 Abstract This is a thesis about the Northern League {Lega Nord), a regionalist and nationalist party that rose to prominence during the last three decades in the north of Italy Throughout this period the Northern League developed from a peripheral and protest movement, into an important government force.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivista N°: 2/2021 DATA PUBBLICAZIONE: 28/03/2021
    Rivista N°: 2/2021 DATA PUBBLICAZIONE: 28/03/2021 AUTORE: Gabriele Maestri* PATOLOGIE NELLA GENESI DELLE COMPONENTI POLITICHE INTERNE AL GRUPPO MISTO (E DEI GRUPPI): RIFLESSIONI DOPO LA RIDUZIONE DEI PARLAMENTARI Sommario: 1. Il casŭs belli (anzi, i casūs belli): nihil sub sole novum, vero novum est. – 2. La nascita delle componenti politiche del gruppo misto alla Camera. – 3. Le componenti dalla teoria alla prassi: un allontanamento progressivo. – 4. Le componenti nella XVIII Legislatura, tra deficit di rappresentatività e nuovi artifici. – 5. Quali componenti (e quali gruppi) dopo la riduzione dei membri di Camera e Senato? 1. Il casŭs belli (anzi, i casūs belli): nihil sub sole novum, vero novum est Gli ultimi mesi del 2020 e i primi del 2021 appaiono rilevanti per lo studio del fenome- no del transfughismo delle persone elette al Parlamento, delle vicende dei loro gruppi e (alla Camera, ma ormai non solo) delle componenti politiche del gruppo misto. L’analisi suggeri- sce riflessioni su un fenomeno noto a chi studia il diritto costituzionale e parlamentare: tali episodi hanno arricchito il bouquet di casi possibili nell’articolarsi delle assemblee parlamen- tari, all’interno del complesso quadro di relazioni tra partiti e loro proiezioni interne alle istitu- zioni rappresentative. Scorrendo ad esempio il resoconto stenografico della seduta della Camera del 26 no- vembre 20201, si legge che la componente del gruppo misto «Centro Democratico-Radicali Italiani-+Europa» ha mutato la denominazione in «Centro Democratico-Italiani in Europa» (come comunicato il 24 novembre2) e che la deputata Elisa Siragusa ha chiesto di aderirvi il * Borsista di ricerca presso l’Università di Roma Tre; dottore di ricerca in “Teoria dello Stato e istituzioni politiche comparate” presso l’Università di Roma «Sapienza».
    [Show full text]
  • GAME, Games Autonomy Motivation & Education
    G.A.M.E., Games autonomy motivation & education : how autonomy-supportive game design may improve motivation to learn Citation for published version (APA): Deen, M. (2015). G.A.M.E., Games autonomy motivation & education : how autonomy-supportive game design may improve motivation to learn. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2015 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Fascist Legacies: the Controversy Over Mussolini’S Monuments in South Tyrol
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2013 Fascist Legacies: The Controversy over Mussolini’s Monuments in South Tyrol Gerald Steinacher University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Steinacher, Gerald, "Fascist Legacies: The Controversy over Mussolini’s Monuments in South Tyrol" (2013). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 144. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/144 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Gerald Steinacher* Fascist Legacies:1 Th e Controversy over Mussolini’s Monuments in South Tyrol2 Th e northern Italian town of Bolzano (Bozen in German) in the western Dolomites is known for breathtaking natural landscapes as well as for its medieval city centre, gothic cathedral, and world-famous mummy, Ötzi the Iceman, which is on dis- play at the local archaeological museum. At the same time, Bolzano’s more recent history casts a shadow over the town. Th e legacy of fascism looms large in the form of Ventennio fascista-era monuments such as the Victory Monument, a mas- sive triumphal arch commissioned by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and located in Bolzano’s Victory Square, and the Mussolini relief on the façade of the former Fascist Party headquarters (now a tax offi ce) at Courthouse Square, which depicts il duce riding a horse with his arm raised high in the Fascist salute.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Trasformismo Parlamentare Alla Camera Dei Deputati Durante La “Seconda Repubblica”
    Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Politiche Corso di laurea in Scienze politiche, sociali e internazionali Tesi di Laurea in Sistema Politico Italiano Il trasformismo parlamentare alla Camera dei Deputati durante la “Seconda Repubblica” CANDIDATA RELATORE Barbara Lama Chiar.mo Prof. Carlo Guarnieri Sessione II Anno Accademico 2013-2014 Alla mia famiglia, mio figlio Pietro e mio marito Claudio Indice Introduzione .................................................................................................................... 3 1 La mobilità nel Parlamento italiano: dal Regno d’Italia ad oggi ................................. 9 1.1 All’inizio fu “Trasformismo”............................................................................... 9 1.2 Segni di trasformismo nel Fascismo ...............................................................11 1.3 La mobilità parlamentare nella Prima Repubblica ...........................................12 1.4 La mobilità parlamentare nella Seconda Repubblica ......................................17 2 Considerazioni sulla mobilità parlamentare .............................................................25 2.1 Il passaggio dalla Prima alla Seconda Repubblica: maggiore mobilità o neo- trasformismo? .............................................................................................................26 2.2 La mobilità parlamentare negli altri Paesi .......................................................29 2.3 Normativa internazionale ................................................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • The Conflict Between Autonomy and Beneficence in Medical Ethics: Proposal for a Resolution*
    Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 7 1987 The Conflict between utA onomy and Beneficence in Medical Ethics: Proposal for a Resolution Edmund D. Pellegrino David C. Thomasma Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp Recommended Citation Edmund D. Pellegrino & David C. Thomasma, The Conflict between utA onomy and Beneficence in Medical Ethics: Proposal for a Resolution, 3 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol'y 23 (1987). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp/vol3/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CONFLICT BETWEEN AUTONOMY AND BENEFICENCE IN MEDICAL ETHICS: PROPOSAL FOR A RESOLUTION* Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D. ** and David C. Thomasma, Ph.D. * I INTRODUCTION Three radical changes have occurred in the ancient edifice of medical eth- ics in the last two decades. Each promises to transform the nature of the physician-patient relationship with repercussions in the domains of law, soci- ety, and ethics. Each merits the most careful scrutiny by the profession and the public, because how we resolve the moral dilemmas they produce will determine not only our relationships with the medical profession, but what kind of society we are, or wish to be. The three changes we consider most crucial are these: 1)
    [Show full text]