Context Is Half the Work

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Context Is Half the Work Context is Half the Work Die APG in Großbritannien Ros Sachsse­Schadt zu unterschiedlichen Zentrale Prämisse der Verhandlungen und Deutschland – eine Einführung Zeiten Teil der APG. Hinzu kamen Mitglieder war das Prinzip des Open Brief , etwa im und Unterstützer_innen aus anderen gesell­ Sinne einer Carte Blanche, das ein ergebnis­ Die Artist Placement Group (APG) initiierte scha�lichen Bereichen. offenes Arbeiten während des Placements und organisierte sogenannte Placements, bei Zunächst als Stiftung mit Kuratorium und garantieren sollte. Die Künstler_innen sollten denen Künstler_innen in Industriebetrieben künstlerischem Beirat (dem sog. Noit Panel) innerhalb der Organisationen als unabhän­ oder öffentlichen Institutionen recherchierten, organisiert, wandelte die APG sich später gige Beobachter_innen agieren und den an Projekten arbeiteten oder künstlerische in eine gemeinnützige GmbH (APG Research Gegenstand ihrer Arbeit aus dem Prozess vor Arbeiten realisierten. Sie argumentierten für Ltd.) um. Dem Kuratorium gehörten Vertre­ Ort heraus entwickeln. John Latham prägte den gegenseitigen Nutzen, der aus der künst ­ ter_ innen aus Industriebetrieben, aus Kunst­ den Begriff Incidental Person für diese lerischen Präsenz in Organisationen resul­ institu tio nen und Medien, später auch ein weit über das klassische Verständnis hin­ tiert. Künstlerische Praxis und Wissen sollten Gewerkscha�svertreter an. Barbara Steveni ausgehende Rolle der Künstler_innen in den nicht mehr auf das Atelier und die Galerie war als Koordinatorin maßgeblicher Motor Placements. beschränkt bleiben, vielmehr sollte ihr Hand­ hinter den Kontakten und Korrespondenzen Ab Mitte der 1970er Jahre trat die APG lungsfeld auf kommerzielle, industrielle oder mit hunderten von Firmen und Organisatio­ ver stärkt an öffentliche Institutionen und Verwaltungskontexte ausgeweitet werden, nen, ebenso wie mit potenziellen Geldgeber_ Ministerien heran. Dem vorangegangen war um auf gesellschaftliche Organisations­ und innen und Fürsprecher_innen. John Latham ein durch das Civil Service Department an Entscheidungsprozesse einzuwirken. Hin­ prägte die öffentlichen Auftritte und die Spra­ verschiedene Regierungsbehörden ver­ tergrund der Entstehung des APG­Konzeptes che der APG maßgeblich mit seinen kosmo­ schicktes offizielles Empfehlungsschreiben ist auch der in dieser Zeit nicht nur in Groß­ lo gischen Denkmodellen zur Wert theo rie für eine Zusammenarbeit mit der APG, britannien rege geführte Diskurs um „Ent­ und zur Dimension der Zeit als primärer Ent­ das Steveni 1972 nach einigen Verhandlungen ma terialisierung“, also die Abkehr von einem faltungsebene für künstlerische Impulse. erwirkt hatte. Gleichzeitig begann die APG, objektbasierten Werkverständnis in der bil ­ Lathams Time Base Theory begleitete auch Kooperationen mit öffentlichen Einrichtungen denden Kunst. Der Slogan Context is Half the die internen APG­Debatten und wurde von verstärkt im europäischen Ausland zu disku­ Work zeugt von dieser räumlichen und ide­ einigen der Akteur_innen als konzeptuelles tieren und sich etwa ab 1977 als APG Multi­ ellen Verschiebung: aus den Ateliers hinein Vokabular übernommen. national in Deutschland, Österreich, Frank­ in die gesellschaftlichen Institutionen; vom Die frühen APG­Placements wurden fast reich und den Niederlanden mit dem Konzept materiellen Werk hin zur Information, zur orts­ ausschließlich mit Industriebetrieben aus­ The Incidental Person Approach to Govern­ spezifischen Arbeit, zur sozialen Bezie hung. gehandelt. Anders aber als bei zeitgleichen ment zu präsentieren. Die ursprünglich von Barbara Steveni Initiativen wie Experiments in Art and Die APG war jedoch mehr als die Summe (ehem. Latham) konzipierte Initiative führte Technology (EAT) in den USA oder dem Ars der durch sie realisierten Placements. Wenn 1966 zur Gründung der APG, die bis in die Viva Programm Künstler arbeiten in Industrie ­ auch kein Künstler_innenkollektiv im her­ 1980er Jahre hinein aktiv war und auch Perso­ betrie ben des Bundesverbands der Deut­ kömmlichen Sinne, so trugen ihre öffentlichen nen anderer professioneller Hintergründeapg schen Industrie (BDI), wo eine technische Präsentationen als Gruppe oftmals eine versammelte. Zu den Gründungsmitgliedern Kooperation und der Zugang zu industriellen performativ­künstlerische Handschri�. Nicht gehörten Barry Flanagan, David Hall, John Materialien im Vordergrund stand, reichte zuletzt die Selbstinszenierung im tempo­ Latham, Anna Ridley und Jeffrey Shaw. Die der Ansatz der APG darüber hinaus. Ebenso rären Büro während der APG­Ausstellungen Gruppe formierte sich Mitte der 1960er Jahre wenig war sie am Modell des Sponsorings between 6 in der Kunsthalle Düsseldorf um das Ehepaar Barbara Steveni und John oder Mäzenatentums interessiert. Die (1971) und inn₇o – Art & Economics in der Latham. Vor allem Künstler_innen aus dem Gruppe entwickelte eine eigene Terminologie Londoner Hayward Gallery (1971) ließ die Umfeld der St. Martins School of Art, wo und Verfahrensweise für ihre Placements, Ambivalenz der APG zwischen Performance Steveni und Latham unterrichtet hatten, ver­ die sie mit den aufnehmenden Organisationen und realer Verhandlung deutlich werden. sammelten sich als sogenannter Think Tank aushandelte. Idealerweise ging jedem Rund um einen als The Sculpture betitelten zu Diskussionen in deren Haus in Notting Hill. Placement eine mehrmonatige Machbarkeits­ zentralen Verhandlungstisch versammelten Die APG war weder ein Künstler_innen­ studie (Feasibility Study) voraus, in der die sich dort die APG­Künster_innen, um mit kollektiv noch eine Vermittlungsagentur. Es Künstler_innen sich mit dem spezifischen eingeladenen Vertreter_innen aus Wirtscha� gab keine explizite Mitgliedscha�, vielmehr Kontext vertraut machen und ihr künstleri­ und Verwaltung über die Ziele der APG zu bildete sich ein loses Netzwerk, aus dem sches Projekt für das darauf folgende, län ger diskutieren. Sprache und Ästhetik des korpo­ heraus Künstler_innen für Placements vor­ andauernde Placement formulieren konn­ rativen und institutionellen Raums wurden geschlagen wurden. Neben den Grün­ ten. In der Praxis blieb es häufig bei einer dabei nicht ohne Ironie angeeignet und präg­ dungsmitgliedern waren unter anderem Ian Feasibility Study, für die die Künstler_innen ten durchgehend den Stil der APG. Breakwell, Stuart Brisley, Roger Coward, ebenso wie für das Placement selbst bereits Kritiker_innen der APG nahmen diese Ambi­ Hugh Davies, Andrew Dipper, Garth Evans, eine Bezahlung erhielten. Die APG berech­ valenz und die unbefangene Annäherung Leonard Hessing, George Levantis, Ian nete zusätzlich eine Vermittlungs gebühr von an Vetreter_innen der gesellschaftlichen Elite Macdonald Munro, David Toop, Marie Yates, 15–20% des Künstlerhonorars für ihre orga­ zum Anlass, die politische Unbestimmtheit sowie Nicholas Tresilian, Rolf Sachsse und nisatorische Tätigkeit. (in ihren Worten „Naivität“) der APG öffent­ A Partial History of the Artist Placement Group Einleitung / Introduction 2 3 lich anzugreifen. Von Seiten marxistisch sozialer und ökonomischer Segregation The APG in the UK and Germany – potential sponsors and advocates. John were often performative in their nature. The lishment of ‘creative corporate cultures’. ge prägter Kritiker wie Peter Fuller, Gustav resultieren. Der Blick auf Beispiele aus der an introduction Latham was very present in APG’s public APG’s ambivalence between performance Artistic projects with particular social groups Metzger und auch durch den eng mit APG Gegenwart lässt auch deutlich die Unter­ appearances and defined much of its lan­ and genuine negotiations could be particu­ and in areas of urban decay have since be­ assoziierten Stuart Brisley wurde der Gruppe schiede zur vermeintlichen historischen Vor­ The Artist Placement Group (APG) initiated guage with his cosmological ideas on value larly witnessed with their temporary office come institutionalised by specifically estab­ nach der Ausstellung in der Hayward Gallery läuferin APG hervortreten. Vor allem der and organised ‘placements’ in industry or theory and the dimension of time as the pri­ during the exhibitions between 6 in the Kunst ­ lished funding schemes. In this respect, it vorgeworfen, sie verfolge einen reformisti­ auf die Ergebnisoffenheit und Prozessualität public institutions, where artists researched, mary creative platform for artistic impulses. halle Düsseldorf (1971) and inn₇o – Art is o�en criticised that social practices are schen Ansatz, der reale Klassenantagonismen der Placements ausgerichtete Open Brief worked on projects and realised artworks. Latham’s Time Base Theory accompanied & Economics at London’s Hayward Gallery used as political solutions to problems that verkenne. Derlei Kategorien existierten im widersetzte sich Versuchen, künstlerisches They made the case for the mutual benefit internal APG debates and was adopted by (1971). APG artists gathered around a in reality result from social and economic Denken der APG und insbesondere Lathams Handeln zu funktionalisieren. Vielmehr be­ of the artists’ presence in organisations. some of the group members in their concep­ central negotiating table, referred to as The inequality. Looking at these examples from in der Tat kaum – für sie nahmen Künstler_ harrte die APG auf Eigensinn und Autonomie Artistic practice and knowledge would no tual vocabulary. Sculpture, to discuss the aims of the APG the present one can also clearly see the innen eine dritte Position jenseits kommer­ künstlerischer Forschung und Produktion, longer be confined to
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