Research Highlights Report 2017/18 “Desalination, wave energy, algae biofuel research, ocean nourishment and aquaculture are just some of the ocean- based in which we are involved to safely and sustainably provide critical resources for human development, water, food, energy and bio-resources. In 2019 we are continuing to build on these achievements, most recently as part of the Blue Economy CRC.”

Professor Peter Veth - UWA Oceans Institute Director Contents

02 34 Timeline Collaboration a. KISSME team sets sail! b. Matariki workshops cover marine extremes 04 c. MOU with Deltares to lead Executive Summaries to increased collaboration d. Sharing knowledge with Zhejiang University h. Seagrass Restoration Network 08 launched i. UWA collaboration investigating Highlights marine on the North West Shelf a. New Chairs in Offshore j. Global warming and recurrent Engineering and Geotechnics mass bleaching of corals b. RV Sonne expedition k. Local and international c. Open Day success collaboration d. Robson and Robertson awards e. Batavia mysteries unfold with discovery of mass grave f. The ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Offshore 44 Floating Facilities at UWA Conferences and Events g. A story of Sammy, sharks, a blue l. UN Ocean Conference planet and green seas m. In The Zone: The Blue Zone h. Tagging tiger sharks in Ningaloo Conference i. Whale sharks don’t like to venture n. The WAMSI Research Conference too far from home - Kimberley Marine Research j. Postdoctoral researchers put Program scholarships to great use for our oceans k. The oral history of our ocean environment l. Dolphin name games 48 m. Engineering a winning strategy Media and Outreach for the Rottnest Swim n. The rise of turfs – flattening of a. Free resource for schools kelp forests b. OI members talking Tedx o. Great Southern to lose huge c. All that glitters definitely not gold seaweed habitat to ocean warming p. Coral reefs protect coasts from severe storms 54 q. The great debate – plastic versus metal water bottles Publications r. Fish at home on subsea oil and a. 2017 Publications gas pipelines b. 2018 Publications OBJECTIVES Timeline 2017

JANUARY APRIL UNESCO IOC PPO Conference held at An MOU signed with Stichting The Honourable Craig Laundy, IOMRC, attended by 80 international Delatares to increase collaboration on Assistant Minister for Industry, scientists in marine and climate a broad range of research topics, in Innovation and Science and Senator research. particular related to coastal dynamics, Linda Reynolds visit IOMRC and the IO water quality modelling and offshore to hear about the latest research MARCH engineering. collaborations and view the world Dr Taryn Foster awarded the 2016 class marine research facilities. Virginia Chadwick Award. Dr Foster’s MAY research focuses on how high-latitude OI member Professor Jessica Meeuwig Professor Phil Watson appointed the corals in WA will respond to climate nominated for WA Australian of EMI Shell Chair in Offshore Engineering. change stressors such as warmer the Year. waters and ocean acidification. Dr Jade Lindley sponsored by the US JUNE State Department to join their International Visitors Leadership The OI partnered with the US 3200 people step on board the Program – 2017’s theme being Consulate General in Perth to screen German Research Vessel RV Sonne, Strategic and Economic Issues for the Our Rising Oceans as part of the Our when an open day was held whilst the Indian Ocean Region. Oceans film showcase – an initiative vessel was docked at Fremantle Port. between the US Department of State, SEPTEMBER the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film OI member, former OFFshore Hub Festival, DC Environmental Film Director and former Shell EMI Chair in After more than 7000km of travel and Festival and Blue Ocean Film Festival. Offshore Engineering Professor David 11 months in the water, the Challenger White elected a Fellow of the Royal Ocean Glider successfully recovered Institute of Naval Architects (RINA). off the Sri Lankan Coast.

AUGUST OCTOBER IOMRC Crawley formally opened by In The Zone, WA’s premier forum on the Federal Education and Training questions of regional significance, Minister, Senator Simon Birmingham, featuring a range of speakers from with UWA Vice Chancellor Dawn academia, government and industry Freshwater and key executives and held in Perth. The event focused on VIPs from across UWA and the IOMRC the maritime realm: ‘In the Zone: The partnership in attendance. Blue Zone Conference’.

2 The University of Western Australia OBJECTIVES

2018

JANUARY FEBRUARY MAY Representatives from the OI attend Marine Megafauna Movement Dr Fraser Bransby appointed the the Understanding Flooding on Analytical Program (MMMAP) Forum Fugro Chair in Geotechnics. Reef-lined Island Coasts Workshop in 2018 held in the IOMRC Auditorium, Honolulu. The workshop was showcasing key research in the Dr Verena Schoepf joins other organized by the US Geological marine megafauna movement and researchers to from UWA Research Survey, Deltares Institute providing networking opportunities for an evening of science at Rosie Netherlands, National Oceanic and to generate future collaborations. O’Grady in Northbridge, with her topic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) OI member Dr Ana Sequeira from the – Coral reefs in WA. and included participants from Australian Institute of Marine Science, CSIRO, New Zealand National was among the speakers. NOVEMBER Institute of Water and Atmosphere OI PhD student Todd Bond takes out (NIWA), The Pacific Community Fiji, Book launch for Oceans Safety, Marine the prize for best student talk at the University of San Diego, University of Health and the Blue Economy, edited Marine Alliance for Science and Cantabria, IHE Delft Institute for Water by Erika Techera and Gundula Winters. Technology (MASTS) annual science Education, Stanford University and meeting in Scotland. University of Hawaii. MARCH The OI participates in the Australian DECEMBER OI members Chari Pattiaratchi and Oil & Gas Exhibition and Conference. Perth Fish, a free book resource for Ems Wijeratne team up with primary and secondary school University of Tasmania’s Roger OI and ARC Centre of Excellence for students launched by fish ecologists Proctor to develop a map that easily Studies (Coral CoE) alumni Dr Dianne McLean and Research explains where the ocean currents Renee Gruber awarded a 2017 Virginia Assistant Michael Taylor. flow around Australia. Chadwick Award for her publication in Limnology and . The OI’s Anna Cresswell features in the Western Australian Museum’s Ningaloo Dome Experience.

Image: Joan Costa

oceans.uwa.edu.au 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE Executive Summary

In 2019, the Oceans Institute is driving to pursue large projects that utilise the initiatives in two new and important full breadth of our inter-disciplinary focus areas, ocean plastics and skills, working closely with industry, seascapes, the latter encompassing government and community partners integrated cultural studies of marine and constantly extending our reach. catchments. The latter is something that, as a marine archaeologist with Assisting with this is our role as a key a significant marine focus, I have player in the Southern Hemisphere’s been involved in first-hand for over most ambitious interdisciplinary 30 years, including working on the marine partnership, the Indian Ocean marine heritage of the Aru Islands, Marine Research Centre (IOMRC) – a The UWA Oceans Institute is now Timor Leste, Torres Strait, Dampier dynamic and high-level research in its ninth year and entering a Archipelago and collaboratively on partnership bringing together CSIRO, new phase of development and some of the Kimberley archipelagos. the Australian Institute of Marine growth. The Institute is unique My work across northern Australia and Science (AIMS) and the Western in bringing together research the Western Desert has been carried Australian Department of Fisheries, along with our own researchers staff and students from across a out closely with Traditional Owners and infrastructure. It includes the range of disciplines, all focused recording occupational histories, refurbished Watermans Bay Marine on providing solutions to the ethno-economic, dietary many challenges facing the Centre, the Indian Ocean’s first seawater and settlement behaviours. world’s oceans. facility for broad marine research. My ongoing work on the Montebello Desalination, wave energy, algae UWA recognises the potential for and Barrow Islands with a wide range biofuel research, ocean nourishment ocean research to deliver significant of ecologists, dating and marine and aquaculture are just some socioeconomic benefits locally and scientists, established the earliest of the ocean-based solutions in globally. Through the Oceans Institute, evidence for coastal occupation of which we are involved to safely and the University is responding to the Aboriginal people at 50,000 years ago sustainably provide critical resources national imperative, as articulated by and the systematic use of a broad for human development, water, food, the Australian Research Council, that suite of maritime resources through energy and bio-resources. In 2019 university research shouldn’t only be periods of significantly fluctuating we are continuing to build on these internationally acknowledged through sea-levels and changing climate. The achievements, most recently as part peer review, but should also have a of the Blue Economy CRC. integrated human-marine perspectives tangible positive impact. It’s something can provide valuable insights into how we plan on delivering for many years To assist in this work, we have we might manage seascapes into the to come. welcomed a new External Advisory future. It’s this mix of social sciences, Board: Jock Clough with Dr Larry including legal perspectives, integrated And finally, I wish to express my Madin, Dr Erica Smyth AC, Dr Luke with the Institute’s core disciplines of gratitude for the outstanding Smith, Dr Carmen Lawrence and and ecology, physical contributions made by Professor Professor John Chandler bring with oceanography and ocean engineering Erika Techera and Professor Shaun them a wealth of industry, business that I believe makes us unique. Collin to the UWA Oceans Institute and policy experience, ably backing our between 2017 and 2018 - a sentiment cross-faculty leadership and business And so it is fitting that in its 2030 Vision I know is echoed by other staff teams in providing expert direction and Strategy UWA has named oceans and members. and high level advice on key research and the marine environment as one themes. of its seven Grand Challenges – key Professor Peter Veth issues the University believes are Director, UWA Oceans Institute crucial to the future of the planet. For the Institute, it means we will continue

4 The University of Western Australia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2018

Nicole Jones coordinated a group Marine diverse megafauna feature workshop between the University of significantly among OI members’ California and Scripps Institution of research outputs, attracting ongoing Oceanography at an Ocean Sciences public interest. The OI’s role in public Meeting in Portland, focused on future engagement in science was also partnering with UWA on a range of exemplified by a wide range of oceans-related research and teaching activities, including talks to the public, activities. As a result of this initiative, radio and TV appearances, and the the OI now has a MoU with Scripps that production of a free book about our will form the platform for future local fish aimed at school children. collaborations. The year 2018 saw both As in previous years, the OI was consolidation and change The ecological sustainability and fortunate in 2018 to benefit from at the Oceans Institute. conservation of our oceans and their support and philanthropy. In biota remains at the forefront of particularly, the Robson and Robertson The 2018 finalisation and publication of OI research activities, with OI running awards from the Jock Clough Marine the Oceans Institute ‘Research Strategy a workshop on the importance of Foundation once again provided highly 2018-2022’ document provided a oceans in carbon budgets and OI beneficial research funds to support framework for the future of the OI with members producing significant several OI PhD students. the clear delineation of five research advances in different environments themes: Coasts and communities; ranging from tropical coral reefs to The year 2018 also marks my final year Energy from the Oceans; Fisheries, temperate kelp forests. at UWA. It has been a great privilege to food security and aquaculture; Marine hold the role of Acting Director this year conservation, ecology and climate The Indian Ocean Conference on and be able to contribute to the change; and Maritime security, safety Blue Carbon was held in the IOMRC construction and occupation of a and defence. Auditorium in March. wonderful facility dedicated to conserving our oceans over the last The fundamental importance of OI’s Less positively, but equally importantly, nine years. I would like to convey my global perspective continued, with research published in BioScience and sincere thanks to the wonderfully numerous activities underlining the carried out by Thomas Wernberg and collegiate OI team that I was able to importance of the Institute to Indian Karen Filbee-Dexter for the Norwegian lead this year, especially Glenda Nyhuis, Ocean rim countries and those countries Institute for Water Research found that Robert Pemberton, Julian Partridge, to our north. Our high level of kelp forests around the world are Amanda Flood and Angela Wilson. I engagement shows that OI members being degraded into flat seascapes wish the incoming Director, Professor are open for research and teaching carpeted by short turf-algae, with the Peter Veth, and the new OI Team all the collaborations across the world. WA coastline being one of the worst best for the future. affected areas. The OI hosted a number of visitors and Professor Shaun Collin delegations in the first quarter Thomas Wernberg and another team of including the Hon Mr Vasantha international and Australian colleagues Senanayake, Sri Lankan State Minister also published a study in Diversity and for Foreign Affairs, and Mr Josh Jalagge, Distributions which found that even Honorary Consul (WA jurisdiction) of under the most optimistic carbon the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri emission scenarios, ocean warming is Lanka. Discussions centred around likely to cause substantial loss of border security, bio-security, critical habitat-forming seaweeds on environmental sustainability, Australia’s Great Southern Reef by 2100. monitoring of coastlines and remote monitoring of illegal activities.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE 2017

For example, the preparation of the The OI recognises the importance of Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for engaging with the broader community. Decommissioning Offshore In 2017 we continued to work with local Infrastructure bid brought together schools, for example, and together with scientists, engineers, lawyers, the UWA Institute of Advanced Studies, economists and managers all focusing we established a new public lecture on securing environmentally safe and series: ‘All at Sea’. sustainable outcomes as offshore infrastructure reaches its end of life. We would not have achieved all that we did during 2017 without strong support from within and beyond the University. I was honoured to have led the Although ultimately not selected to go Mr Jock Clough has been a particularly UWA Oceans Institute in 2017 forward, the CRC DOI bid demonstrated significant supporter of the OI from the during a period the Institute not only the strengths of the OI but the start and during 2017 the Jock Clough continued to grow and ability to apply our expertise and Marine Foundation funded a new strengthen. engage with industry on a pressing post-doctoral scholarship and PhD concern and also allowed us to fund to assist students. The year started with our move into the build on our skills and expertise for new Indian Ocean Marine Research these sorts of large scale projects, Named in honour of Professor Alan Centre (IOMRC) building on the Crawley paving the way for future bids. Robson AO CitWA and Alistar Robertson, campus. Completed in 2016, the building who played a fundamental role in quickly became home to critical Similarly, the ‘Marines Extremes’ creating the UWA Oceans Institute, the research infrastructure and over 300 workshop in December 2017, brought ‘Robson and Robertson’ awards support researchers from UWA, CSIRO and AIMS. together scholars focused on extreme early career researchers working events, impacts, environments and on conservation, genetics and Combined with the Watermans Bay behaviours related to our oceans. aquaculture projects. facility, it is the most ambitious and prestigious marine research facility in The outcomes not only included new Professor Erika Techera the southern hemisphere and quickly understanding and collaborations but catalysed collaborative engagement also a book as a tangible output of the across the partnership, as well as workshop and research theme: Marine between disciplines within the diverse Extremes: Ocean safety, marine health UWA membership. and the blue economy (Routledge, 2019).

2017 also saw the OI develop a new The workshop was hosted under the Strategic Plan and Research Strategy, banner of a new Matariki Network of with key research themes including Universities theme on ‘Oceans and the energy, fisheries and food, security and Blue Economy’ involving colleagues safety, conservation, climate change, from the US, NZ and Europe, as well as coasts and communities. Importantly, UWA academics and students. education and training, as well as student experience, were also a focus. Our academic outreach beyond Australia was significant in 2017, The Institute is a multidisciplinary illustrated by events such as the research body and during 2017 we DFAT-funded short course in Mauritius demonstrated how this works and why and new research collaborations with it is important. Deltares in the Netherlands.

6 The University of Western Australia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

oceans.uwa.edu.au 7 Highlights

8 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

New Chairs in Offshore Engineering and Geotechnics

The announcement of two new Chairs in the oceans space in 2017 and 2018 has brought a wealth of new industry knowledge to UWA.

In 2017 OI member, Professor Phil Watson was appointed Shell Chair in Offshore Engineering, and leading geotechnical engineer Dr Fraser Bransby the Fugro Chair in Geotechnics the following year.

Fugro Chair in Geotechnics, Professor Fraser Bransby

funds a number of academic and post- In 2010 Professor Bransby moved to doctoral research positions, and current industry full-time where he led the activities include significant interaction technical and innovation aspects with Shell teams across the world. of a large number of projects both Shell Chair in Offshore Engineering, Professor Phil Watson offshore Australia and globally, often in Professor Watson is also Director of collaboration with global Fugro teams. Shell Chair in Offshore the Offshore Floating FacilitiesResearch This gave him an excellent starting point Engineering Hub (www.offshorehub.edu.au), a major when taking up the Fugro Chair role. research project at UWA funded by Professor Watson completed his Shell in partnership with Woodside, The Fugro Chair in Geotechnics was PhD at UWA in the 1990’s and has Lloyds and Bureau Veritas, alongside established in 2014 to mutually benefit held a number of high-profile roles the Australian Research Council. UWA and Fugro by targeting research in the consulting sector since that to industry-relevant problems in time. He was a director of Advanced Fugro Chair in Geotechnics geotechnical engineering and site Geomechanics, before taking joint characterisation, thereby creating roles in Fugro as Managing Director Professor Bransby has worked across impact. The Chair also provides of Fugro AG and Global Director of academia and industry, applying his funding for PhD scholarships to aid in GeoConsulting – positions where geotechnical expertise to meet the the growth of high quality graduates in he helped create research-inspired scientific and engineering challenges of offshore geotechnics and engineering, engineering solutions that have been the offshore engineering industry. with selected students having taken up applied across the oil and gas industry the opportunity to work with Fugro. in Australia and globally. He obtained his PhD in soil mechanics from the University of Cambridge and The Shell Chair in Offshore Engineering spent the next 15 years of his career was created to advance research and undertaking university geotechnical industry collaboration in WA’s offshore teaching and research on a wide range industry with Shell committing to a of topics and collaborating closely with five-year extension in 2017. The Chair the offshore industry.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 9 HIGHLIGHTS RV Sonne expedition

During an early morning in A collaboration between the Alfred In addition to the geological June 2017, a group of 33 scientists Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for investigations, important biological and technicians from 10 countries Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and studies were also carried out with the boarded one the world’s most the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for focus on deep sea fish, squid and high-tech, deep-sea research Ocean Research Kiel, the key aim for shrimp to see bioluminescent light in vessels, the RV Sonne. INGON was to investigate magmatic the darkness of 500-1500 depth. Representing the SO258 Leg 1 and tectonic processes that trigger the Professor Shaun Collin, who led the Scientific Party, the group break-up of continents and the biological studies, was overwhelmed prepared to set sail on a research formation of ocean basins. with the deep sea creatures. trip which would take them from Fremantle to Sri Lanka over This is not only an important topic in On arrival in Colombo the expedition five weeks. basic research contributing to better was voted a huge success, with the understanding of the Earth’s systems, highlights including venturing across Two of the principal investigators for but provides important data on the seamounts previously unexplored, as the expedition, Professor Shaun Collin relations between magmatic and well as the collection of over 20 and Associate Professor Julian volcanic activity and their influence volcanic rocks and more than 2000 Partridge from the OI, were on board to on environment, climate, and biological specimens. assist the research program INGON. ecological systems.

© Professor Jochen Wagner

10 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Open Day success

While it was docked in Fremantle Port, the RV Sonne held an open day with members of the public invited to step aboard and have a look around the research laboratories and other parts of the ship.

Exhibits hosted by international scientists, including those from Germany and Australia who were about to take to sea on the ship, allowed the public to discuss current research topics directly with the researchers involved.

The event was a huge success with more than 3,200 people stepping aboard the cutting-edge vessel, which plays a crucial role for marine science and was in Australian waters taking samples from the ocean floor.

The OI’s Professor Shaun Collin and Associate Professor Julian Partridge were among those on board showing off what the RV Sonne had to offer, and discussing their fascination with deep sea animals.

With eight laboratories on board, around 40-45 scientists can live and work on board the RV Sonne during expeditions across the world’s oceans and seas.

Creatures from the deep. The deep sea amphipod, Phronima, in the protective barrel that it makes from other deep sea animals; and free living. This voracious predator is only a cm or two in size but has a range of grasping claws and huge, unique eyes to search for prey. This is one of the genera of animals that OI PhD student Annie Jessop and Associate Tied down. Associate Professor Julian Partridge Professor Julian Partridge studied on the RV Sonne expedition using electrophysiology and PhD student Anna-Lee Jessop made sure and later back at UWA with colleagues Drs Jan Hemmi and Zahra Bagheri using micro everything was ship shape (and tied down!) in Computer Tomography (microCT) their laboratory aboard the RV Sonne, which ©Julian Partridge and Milly Sharkey was all set up for electrophysiology work

Photo credit: Associate Professor Julian Partridge

oceans.uwa.edu.au 11 HIGHLIGHTS Robson and Robertson awards Protecting what we have is the key

When Matthew Fraser moved to researchers from a variety of disciplines The five-year fellowship is designed Perth from Glasgow in 2006, he can have exposure to many other areas to support early career researchers couldn’t have imagined a trip to such as law and policy,” he said. in pioneering global research by the would set “We can collaborate with researchers addressing ocean challenges in the direction for a career as a who have skills we don’t otherwise conservation, genetics and marine scientist. have access to every day and we can acquaculture. build on these relationships.” It’s fair to say it didn’t take the The awards are also designed Glaswegian long to be captivated by In 2017 Matthew was given an even to provide opportunities for our coastline and everything the WA greater opportunity to pursue his other outstanding young lifestyle has to offer. That passion for marine research after he was awarded our diverse and unique marine the inaugural postdoctoral fellowship scholars to undertake exciting ecosystems led Matthew to UWA to of the Robson and Robertson Awards, and innovative oceans complete a degree in marine science. made possible through a generous research (see breakout box). Specialising in benthic ecology, he’s donation from the Jock Clough Marine now developing innovative solutions Foundation. to improve the conservation and By studying critical marine habitats, management of our coastal ecosystems. The Awards honour Professor Matthew is aiming to apply his research Alan Robson AO CitWA and Emeritus outcomes and influence government Matthew credits a lot of his success to Professor Alistar Robertson for their policies relating to the management working within UWA’s Oceans Institute, integral role in establishing the OI of marine ecosystems. which he says has opened doors to and they come with a very clear goal himself and a lot of other researchers. – to encourage and support young “Being part of the OI has meant researchers in the field of marine science.

By year end 2018, 23 young and talented marine students had been chosen to receive between $1,000 and $10,000 each from the Robson and Robertson Awards Scheme to support their doctorate research: Daniel Van Hees, Stephanie Venables, Matthew Navarro, Chenae Tuckett, Maharani Yulisti, Jonathan Mitchell, Tamara Schlosser, Joseph Turner, Nguyen Chi, Lauren Peel, Anita Giraldo, Sahira Bell, Charlotte Birkmanis, Todd Bond, Nestor Bosch, Nery Contti Neto, Michael Kelly, Belinda Martin, Yannick Mulders, Albert Pessarrodna Silvestre, Sofie Vraken, Salvador Zarco Perello and Andrew Zulberti.

Dr Matthew Fraser doing what he loves best

12 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Batavia mysteries unfold with discovery of mass grave

In November 2017, an international team of archaeologists, including researchers from UWA and the Western Australian Museum, discovered a new communal grave in the Abrolhos Islands, the result of deaths after the 1629 shipwreck of the Dutch East India company ship, Batavia.

UWA Professor Alistair Paterson, who led the international collaboration of researchers with Dr Jeremy Green from the Western Australian Museum, said the discovery of the new grave unearthed vital clues about what happened on Beacon Island almost 400 years ago.

The Batavia was wrecked in 1629 on the Morning Reef off the Western Australian coast. Out of more than An interpretation of the mutiny taken from a plate from Pelsaert, F. and J. v. Vliet (1647) 300 people on board the Batavia, there were 282 survivors. Most of “A total of 12 individuals have been The research is funded by the Australian these survivors ended up on Beacon discovered in a central part of Beacon Research Council ‘Shipwrecks of Island, a small coral island described Island in the past three years during our the Roaring Forties’ project, and is as ‘Batavia’s Graveyard’ by the Dutch. research project, providing valuable being undertaken in partnership with In the following months, a mutiny new information about the events the WA Museum, Vrije Universiteit unfolded, leading to the further deaths following the wreck of the Batavia.” Amsterdam, Curtin University, Flinders of around 115 people, many of whom University, British Museum, Embassy were murdered by the mutineers. Dr Jeremy Green, Head of Maritime of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Archaeology at the Western Australian in Australia, Cultural Heritage The communal grave discovered on Museum, has been investigating the Agency of the Netherlands, National Beacon Island was made up of five Batavia and the story of its survivors Archives of the Netherlands, Prospero sets of human remains along with since the wreck’s discovery more than Productions, The Australasian Institute artefacts, and follows earlier findings 50 years ago. for Maritime Archaeology and Tasmania according to UWA Associate Professor Parks & Wildlife Service. It is also Daniel Franklin. He emphasises there are still supported by a Federal Government very important discoveries ‘Protecting National Heritage Sites– “At the time it was realised there were a Batavia’ grant. further two individuals buried beneath, to be made in relation to who were duly uncovered in a shorter the remarkable human story expedition in February 2018,” Associate behind one of Australia’s Professor Franklin said. earliest shipwrecks.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 13 HIGHLIGHTS The ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Offshore Floating Facilities at UWA

It was all systems go for the Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Offshore Floating Facilities (OFFshore ITRH) during 2017 and 2018 as the five cutting-edge projects got underway.

Introduction

The world of offshore infrastructure has changed. With the move to remote locations and deeper water sites, operators are looking at longer pipelines, increased subsea infrastructure, and larger floating facilities on an ever increasing scale. The Shell Prelude FLNG vessel on the North West Shelf (NWS) of Western Australia is a good example of this shift and hence the need to focus on Collaboration! The ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Offshore emerging engineering challenges Floating Facilities (OFFshore ITRH) team associated with this change. at UWA. This team brings a wealth of Partners and Collaborators About technical experience to the activities of the OFFshore ITRH, and are integrated The OFFshore ITRH industry partners The OFFshore ITRH is a multi- within the larger ocean science and are Shell, Woodside Energy, Bureau disciplinary research group jointly engineering community at UWA. Veritas and Lloyds Register. Each funded by industry and the Australian partner organisation is actively involved Research Council which was Research in shaping the research direction of established to address some of these each project stream, committed to key challenges. It was launched in Q2 The OFFshore ITRH involves five driving the technology transfer within 2016 with an aim to tackle the critical interlinked multi-disciplinary projects their company, and assisting with the engineering challenges for the next in the areas of ocean forecasting, vessel mentorship of both researchers and generation of offshore oil and gas motion and offloading, riser and mooring PhD students. projects by creating novel designs, new design, novel anchors and subsea technologies and new operating foundations, and data analytics for Our university partners include procedures in a collaborative manner. response prediction and facility Western Sydney University and the The clear focus of the OFFshore ITRH is longevity. Each project team is working University of Southampton. Broader on making an impact rather than just to develop new technologies for collaborations have been formed with creating output. the design of safe and efficient The Alan Turing Institute, BP and NGI, offshore projects. with others being explored. This draws Structure together knowledge and skills which The research program involves a blend adds significant value to the OFFshore The OFFshore ITRH is led by Shell Chair of physical and numerical modelling ITRH research. Professor Phil Watson who works with supported by fieldwork and analysis of a team of over 40 academic staff and observations from existing facilities PhD students principally based in the (see opposite page for more details). Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre

14 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Capabilities

The OFFshore ITRH is hosted at UWA by the Oceans Graduate School. The Offshore ITRH is expanding UWA’s existing world-leading facilities in order to deliver successful outcomes for the wide-ranging research program. These facilities include the National Geotechnical Centrifuge Facility (NGCF), UWA’s unique O-tube cyclone simulation flume facilities, a newly refurbished 50m long wave flume, ocean data collection and analysis “The OFFshore Hub provides a unique “Two years in, the Offshore Hub equipment, numerical modelling research environment with global is really hitting its stride. Our facilities, as well as the Woodside recognition, demonstrating the value collaboration with UWA has produced FutureLab OceanWorks. of accessible domain expertise, exciting innovations that have yielded industry collaboration, and innovation significant value for our business, and through cross discipline integration.” for the other industry partners”

Paul Gardner Jan Flynn Industry Partner, Shell Industry Partner, Woodside

Project One: Metocean from solitons Quantifying soliton hazards on the North West Shelf by using high resolution field observations to validate numerical models. Other aims include assessing the spatial variability of solitons and tidally-forced flow, and their impact on subsea infrastructure and operations.

Project Two: Wave-structure interaction Using world class numerical modelling, experimental testing and full scale measurements for the analysis of complex wave-structure interactions to inform design and improve the efficiency of floating facility operations.

Project Three: Reliable moorings and risers Developing new design tools to reduce design uncertainty and increase the reliability of steel catenary risers, water intake risers, drilling risers and mooring lines.

Project Four: Novel anchors and subsea foundation systems Developing low-cost, low-risk subsea anchors and foundation solutions which benefit from the consideration of whole-life behaviour.

Project Five: Floating facility data analytics for condition / longevity monitoring Applying engineering statistics and modern data analytics to create ready to use tools which enhance the facility whole-life performance across projects one to four.

Image: Woodside

oceans.uwa.edu.au 15 HIGHLIGHTS

Image: Alex Kydd

A story of Sammy, sharks, a blue planet and green seas

Her work with tiger sharks led an She explains that as part of the Sammy reports the first five days OI PhD student to working with episode a BBC crew decided to went by without the crew – consisting her idol in 2017 and she hasn’t head out to film “the vast seagrass of Shark Bay local and leader of the looked back since. meadows” in Shark Bay. Shark Ark Project Leon, cameraman Shayne, indigenous skipper Nick, Some people are scared of sharks “Firstly from an aerial perspective drone cameraman Dan and BBC but for Australia Institute of Marine and secondly, they were interested producer Kathryn Jeffs – seeing a Science and former PhD student in seeing the meadows from the single shark. Sammy Andrzjaczek, they are beyond perspective of their largest predator, fascinating. the tiger shark, and it was for that “I began to lose hope early on that reason I was contacted,” she said. we would even see a tiger shark, let Growing up snorkelling and “As Shark Bay in WA has some of the alone tag one,” Sammy said. “Despite in the pristine coastal waters of WA, biggest seagrass meadows in the this we were still seeing a lot of other Sammy knew from an early age she world and a healthy population of cool marine life: countless dolphins, was destined to be a marine biologist. tiger sharks, it was the perfect place dugongs, turtles, rays and other shark But it was while completing her to attempt to get these shots. species. On one memorable day we bachelor’s degree in Queensland, saw a fever of seven cowtail rays that Sammy developed a love of all “The goal was to tag a tiger cruising in a line along the shore.” things sharks. shark in order to record On the sixth day the team got lucky, Her honours thesis on whale sharks footage and information tagging “a beautiful, iridescent, further cemented that fascination as it hunted in the seagrass roughly 4m female tiger shark”, with and passion for field work. In 2015, meadows. It was a win-win the entire experience one Sammy Sammy began her PhD at UWA, situation! It was an says she will never forget. examining the patterns and drivers of opportunity I couldn’t miss. vertical movements in sharks. “I gained a lot of confidence during has this trip about my own abilities in In April 2017 this work continued with always been my idol, and to directing people, which would come what Sammy described as one of pass up the chance to help in very useful for my own tagging trip her most exciting adventures to date out in a documentary he was at Ningaloo a month later,” she said. when she worked with BBC Earth’s “Grabbing this opportunity by the Blue Planet II team on location in narrating would be passing horns turned out to be a decision which Shark Bay, tagging sharks for the up the chance to live some of led to me ticking off some major boxes ‘Green Seas’ episode. my earliest career dreams.” from my career , as well as fulfilling some of my lifelong dreams.”

16 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Image: Alex Kydd

Tagging Tiger sharks in Ningaloo

Later in 2017, a successful crowdfunding project enabled Sammy (pictured right) to spend a month in Ningaloo tagging tiger sharks as part of her thesis.

Supervised by the OI’s Professor Chari Pattiaratchi, along with Dr Adrian Gleiss from Murdoch University and AIMS and OI adjunct Dr Mark Meekan, the research expedition deployed the latest generation of tagging technology to understand why Tiger sharks move up and down in the water.

Tiger sharks are known to continuously bounce dive through the water column; however, whether this “At Ningaloo Reef they are top Tiger sharks are top predators is for hunting, thermoregulation, predators, and regulate the structure in tropical and warm temperate navigation or energy conservation of ecosystems through top-down ecosystems. Studying the patterns remains unknown to scientists. On effects in the food chain. Once we and drivers of their vertical the path to helping solve this mystery, have a better understanding of their movements will enable researchers Sammy tagged 26 Tiger sharks and movements, we can help preserve the to help predict how tiger shark collected numerous hours of video species and better understand the movements may fluctuate with a footage and data. Ningaloo Reef system as a whole.” changing climate.

“Tiger sharks are among the The development of advanced Read more about Sammy’s shark strangest-behaving sharks in our biologging tags with video cameras adventures at sammyshark. oceans; they feed on everything from allows researchers to get a close wordpress.com turtles to car tires, and continuously up and remote view of the sharks’ dive up and down,” Sammy said. behaviour. Understand their hunting and movement strategies will help scientists effectively manage Tiger shark populations and understand dynamics.

Image: Alex Kydd oceans.uwa.edu.au 17 HIGHLIGHTS Whale sharks don’t like to venture too far from home

Every year in March, juvenile male whale sharks arrive at Ningaloo Reef, WA, supporting a thriving eco- industry. But where do they go in July once they leave this meeting site?

The OI’s PhD researcher Sammy From the comparison, the team was Andrzejacek was among a team of able to identify about 1000 individual researchers investigating where male whale sharks, of which 35 per cent were juvenile sharks mysteriously disappear seen at the same site in more than one to. The joint research, conducted by the year, and none of which were found to OI and the Australian Institute of Marine move across the Indian Ocean. Previous Science, involved a large-scale studies up to now have suggested that photo-identification study to assess sharks in these different aggregations the seasonal habits of whale sharks in from one population, implying that the tropics. animals are moving between these sites. However, no direct evidence for The study, published in Royal Society these movements exists. Open Science, suggests they actually don’t go far at all. By comparing Only one shark was tracked between identification photos of whale sharks in Mozambique and the Seychelles, a collaborative study across the Indian suggesting that regional links do occur; Ocean, the analysis determined that however; on a larger scale, populations juvenile males appear to return to the appear to be isolated and distinct. In same sites year after year. comparison, females and adult male whale sharks were rarely spotted at Whale sharks form these sites, so it was prepositioned aggregations off tropical that they aren’t homebodies like the young males. coasts around the world due to the seasonal pulses in the Sammy said there is still more abundance of their food. In research needed to improve our the Indian Ocean, these occur understanding of the regional movements of these animals. at Ningaloo Reef as well in the Maldives, off the coast “A computer simulation analysis study of Mozambique, and in the of our data indicated we need to Seychelles. increase the number of study sites and photos taken to get an estimate of their migration pattern at larger scales,” she said. The joint research project took place in Western Australia’s stunning Ningaloo Reef area.

18 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Did you know?

Whale sharks are the A whale shark’s mouth Whale sharks have largest fish in the sea can be up to 1.5m wide. around 3000 tiny teeth reaching sizes of more less than 6mm long. than 12 metres! However, being filter feeders, they don’t use their teeth to eat. The joint research project took place in Western Australia’s stunning Ningaloo Reef area.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 19 HIGHLIGHTS Postdoctoral researchers put scholarships to great use for our oceans In 2017, four postdoctoral scholarships were awarded with the support of the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and one with the support of the CSIRO, all leading to a better understanding of the marine environment.

and around anthropogenic structures She is currently assessing the (offshore wind, wave and ), oil and biodiversity on and around oil and gas infrastructure. gas infrastructure (oil platforms and pipelines) to determine whether their In the past, Marie-Lise has studied the ecological value would warrant making life-history characteristics of small a case for keeping them underwater at gobies, the value of detritus as a food the end of their commercial life. As part item to territorial damselfish, and of this, she is using remotely operated sponges and their associated microbes. vehicle (ROV) imagery provided by industry partners and carrying out Marie-Lise Schlappy With an interest in marine citizen visual and semi-automated analyses of the marine sessile invertebrates (such science, Marie-Lise has worked for as coral, sponges and mussels) on the A research associate at UWA and AIMS, citizen science NGOs in the Philippines infrastructure to compare them to the focus of Dr Marie-Lise Schlappy’s and Australia and has been on the those in nearby natural communities. work is on the biodiversity of marine science advisory board of sessile invertebrate assemblages on Australia for several years.

morphology and bio-physical processes, Andrew received a Bachelor of Andrew seeks to understand and draw Engineering degree with honours from inspiration from the marine environment The University of Melbourne. After to find new solutions to a wide range of several years working for a consulting coastal problems. engineering firm, he undertook graduate studies with a consortium of European Andrew commenced as a postdoctoral Universities and attained the degree of research associate in 2017 to investigate Master of Coastal and Marine Engineering the impact imposed on different forms and Management (CoMEM) cum laude. of ecosystem and food production aquaculture by the physical Andrew Pomeroy environment. And also, how the introduction of these different forms A coastal oceanographer and engineer of aquaculture into the marine whose research is at the interface of environment affects the receiving engineering, coastal oceanography, physical environment.

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Sharyn Hickey Luke Thomas Lucy Robinson (CSIRO)

Sharyn Hickey’s postdoctoral research Postdoctoral scholar Luke Thomas’ Lucy’s research is focused on at UWA and AIMS involves applying research focuses on reef-building integrating and applying theory and remote sensing and spatial data to corals and combines genomic and knowledge from social and community ecological studies in the shallow transcriptomic tools with physiological psychology, social cognition, political marine and intertidal environment. Her and ecological data on projects related science and governance and regulation particular focus is on the spatial and to gene flow, adaption, recovery and to better understand and measure temporal dynamics of these habitats ecosystem monitoring. what drives social acceptance of (and and understanding what is driving support for) decisions involving natural change, how this affects ecosystem A research associate at the OI and AIMS, resources. services, and how to apply innovative Luke has a background in population technology to manage and monitor genetics and has worked on a variety of With a background in quantitative these areas. marine organisms, from sponges to ecology, natural resource management fish. The ultimate goal of his and decision support, Lucy has Sharyn’s research includes applying postdoctoral research is to apply developed and applied a range of spatial analysis techniques to molecular techniques to help inform quantitative models and qualitative ecological studies, including mangrove management on the quest to conserve methods that integrate ecological dieback, blue carbon assessments, and our precious marine ecocsystems. findings with stakeholder values and/or anthropogenic impacts on seagrass community knowledge to deliver results and coral. Born in Melbourne, but raised in that address specific management and California, Luke completed his policy demands – primarily relating to Prior to commencing her current undergraduate degree in climate change and fisheries. position, Sharyn graduated from the Environmental Science at the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of University of San Diego. Shortly after After her undergraduate degree at UWA, Marine Science (Hons) and then went completion, Luke moved to Indonesia Lucy worked at the University of on to work in the spatial sciences, while for six months to gain research Melbourne as a Research Assistant expanding her interest in the marine experience before moving to before starting her PhD at the environment through recreational Wellington in New Zealand to do a University of Queensland with support diving and various field internships. Masters’ of Science in population from the CSIRO Climate Adaptation Sharyn then attained her PhD, which genetics on the southern red rock Flagship. Lucy then worked at the focussed on utilising remote sensing to lobster, Jasus edwardsii. University of Tasmania and investigate mangrove biomass and Commission for the Conservation of carbon spatial and temporal dynamics After completing that, Luke moved to Antarctic Marine Living Resources at Ningaloo, at UWA supported by the Perth to complete a PhD on coral before her current position with UWA CSIRO Flagship Marine and Coastal genetics with a focus on the Houtman and CSIRO. Carbon Biogeochemical Cluster. Abrolhos Islands. After submitting his PhD, he moved back to California for two years for a postdoc position in California with Professor Stephen Palumbi at Stanford, before returning to the OI in November 2017 to take up his current role.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 21 HIGHLIGHTS The oral history of our ocean environment

The important role of oral history in the study of our ocean of such limits. The ambivalence of environment and how it is being employed for a range of purposes the interviewees towards their past were the focus of a paper co-authored by the OI’s Associate actions, suggest these limits are now Professor Gaynor with Joy McCann in 2017. firmly embedded, not only in law but also culturally in some instances. The paper explored how the oral component was designed to provide histories of fishers and divers an indication of how the local “When people talked about the history can be read as narratives about community perceives change and of and diving in the region, human relationships with an ocean continuity in the marine and coastal they told stories about their intimate environment. The authors propose environments of the region within connections with the undersea that such narratives can play a role living memory. The team also wanted environment, their relationship in fostering human capacity to live to record some of the experiences of with marine life and their feelings of ethically in and with the marine world. local fishers and divers. excitement and sadness about past fishing practices. “What distinguishes oral history from Between late 2005 and early 2006, other forms of history is its ability to Amrit Kendrick for the UWA project “While ocean scientists and resources convey how the past ‘felt’ and what it team conducted oral history managers tend to focus on the rational means to those who experienced it,” interviews with 15 fishers (recreational and utilitarian motivations, it is the Associate Professor Gaynor said. “It and commercial) and a dive operator, ethical and emotive dimensions of can offer deeply personal, yet often focusing on their activities around the experience, as revealed so powerfully shared, insights into the particularity region. Each interviewee had at least through oral histories, that have the of past physical environments in a way 20 years of experience, collectively ability to shape the way in which that makes sense in the present.” representing a wealth of knowledge. fishers and divers develop an ocean consciousness and respond to Back in 2006, researchers at UWA “Their oral histories included stories environmental changes in the marine undertook an oral history project about taking too many fish, revealing environment,” Associate Professor associated with a benchmark scientific a sense of ambivalence towards their Gaynor said. study on marine communities of the actions in the past. Recording their south west capes – a region of WA memories of why they took what they which extends from Geographe Bay now regard as ‘too much’ was valuable “In listening closely around Cape Naturaliste to Cape for two main reasons. Firstly, their to people who have Leeuwin. memories illustrate changing ideas of acceptable or ‘good’ fishing practices. long and intimate The region was the subject of a state Secondly, they provide some insight experience of the government proposal to establish a into the subjective experience of marine park (subsequently declared unconstrained fishing,” Associate underwater world, in 2012), and the proposal gave rise Professor Gaynor said. we can begin to considerable tensions among stakeholders because of different and “Their memories also tell us what to understand conflicting interests in the marine it was like for professional fishers the emotional environment. operating in a context in which fish were raw material for the taking, and experiential The scientific study involved with few cultural or legal limits dimensions of mapping of the seafloor and a on their harvest and no rewards biological survey using conventional for self-control. Since the times different kinds of sampling techniques and an of simply taking fish ‘because you fishing practices.” underwater video. The oral history could’, we have seen the emergence

22 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Researchers collecting data on allied male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiop aduncus) in Shark Bay, WA

Image: Simon Allen / Dolphin name games Dolphin Alliance Project

In June 2018, UWA researchers “This is an unusual finding as it is very “Cooperative behaviours are actually announced they had discovered common for pairs or groups of animals found throughout the animal kingdom,” that bottlenose dolphins can to make their calls more similar when Dr King said. “From small birds retain individual vocal labels, or they share strong social bonds. This collectively dive-bombing a predator to ‘names’, to help recognise friends can be seen in some parrots, bats, drive it away, to ants teaming up to and rivals in their social network, elephants and primates, and carry a large piece of food – that’s not much like humans. represents a means of advertising the new. But the question is how they’re strength of their relationships and their doing it. Are they simply acting The discovery paints a picture of the group membership” Dr King said. individually in the same place and time, social intelligence of dolphins whereby or do they actually understand that no other non-human animals have “However with male bottlenose they need their partner, and actively been found to retain an individual dolphins, it’s the opposite – each male coordinate with them?” ‘name’ when they form long-term retains a unique call, even though they cooperative partnerships with develop incredibly strong bonds with To find out, the researchers created a one another. one another.” task in which pairs of dolphins had to swim across a lagoon and each press Scientists from UWA, University of “The next step will be to study the their own underwater button Zurich and the University of males’ relationships with one another simultaneously (within a one-second Massachusetts, studied 17 well-known more closely,” Dr King said. “It will be time window), whether sent together or adult male dolphins in Shark Bay, WA, interesting to reveal whether all with a delay between partners of up to where males are known for their cooperative relationships within 20 seconds. formation of alliances. These bonds alliances are equal or not. are as strong as those between Dr Kelly Jaakkola, of the Dolphin mothers and calves and the friendships The study is published in Current Biology Research Center in the Florida Keys, can last entire lifetimes. and supported by grants from the said the researchers wanted to find out National Geographic Society, the Swiss whether the dolphin sent first would Researchers collected recordings of National Science Foundation and The wait for the other dolphin before pressing the dolphins’ vocalisations using Branco Weiss Fellowship. its button and whether they could underwater microphones and figure out a way to coordinate precisely determined the individual vocal label Dolphins also cooperate enough to press at the same time. of each male. They then measured the with each other similarity of these identity signals The results of the study, published in within and between other alliances to Then in September 2018, came a Proceedings of the Royal Society B, see whether males that had stronger further study from Dr King and the showed the dolphins not only waited social relationships had unique vocal United States-based Dolphin Research for their partner, but also succeeded labels or not. Center which showed that bottlenose at the task with extreme precision, dolphins not only cooperate with each with the time between button presses The OI’s Dr Stephanie King, from UWA’s other, but can do so with precise in the latter trials averaging just Centre for Evolutionary Biology, said behavioural coordination never before 370 milliseconds. they discovered male dolphins retain demonstrated in nonhuman animals. individual vocal labels that allow them The study was supported by grants to track their cooperative partners, from Jim and Marjorie Sanger and their competitors and help form The Branco Weiss Fellowship. fascinating multi-level alliances. oceans.uwa.edu.au 23 HIGHLIGHTS Engineering a winning strategy for the Rottnest Swim

A team of OI scientists put their skills to good and practical use “We found that swimmers who in February 2018 when they applied their engineering and marine completed around 100m (or 1-2 expertise to come up with a strategy to help participants in the minute) bursts at close to their world-famous ‘Rotto Swim’. sprinting speed could recover sufficiently between their successive Used to crunching numbers and Instead, he suggested participants legs to maintain a very high average simulating complex interactions in planned shorter swims. “By doing swimming speed,” he said. “This the ocean, the researchers were that, you can effectively go about 25 increase in average speed was also looking at ways that swimmers could per cent faster,” he said. “However, maintained when the swimmers maximise performance on the day there are other factors to consider, for simulated getting into and out of a (aside from regular and vigorous example if the swim is too short then boat between bursts.” training!) getting into and out of the support boat repeatedly can be tiring.” Based on this, it appeared the ideal Unlike most other relays, the Rottnest approach was to try for the shortest Channel Swim allows team members Dr Draper and colleagues, who bursts possible throughout the race, to take it in turns to swim and enter formed a swim team for the race although noted there can sometimes the water as often as they like. themselves, tested their theory by be limits to the change-over speed, literally jumping in the deep end – depending on congestion. Oceans Graduate School researcher, into Perth’s Swan River. They the OI’s Dr Scott Draper, said if painstakingly collected data by participants were to split the distance swimming many hours with different between four people, so that relay swim distances. Celebrating on . Left to right: everyone swam around five Justin Geldard (OGS), Hugh Wolgamot (OGS), kilometres continuously, swimmers Callum Griffiths and Scott Draper (OGS) would need to pace themselves.

24 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

If looking at it from an endurance aspect wasn’t enough, the scientists also threw a bunch of other factors into their experiment, including oceanographic data on wave motion and ocean currents. They used a to Zermelo’s navigation problem, which determines the fastest route for a swimmer/boat to travel between two locations, accounting for ocean currents using the OI’s data provided by Professor of Coastal Oceanography Chari Pattiaratchi. Training in the Swan River at Matilda Bay. Left to right: Terry Griffiths (kayaker & OGS), Callum Griffiths, Justin Geldard (OGS) Professor Pattiaratchi, who has been making current predictions for the After the event, the researchers To better test their modelling, Rottnest swim for many years, said compared their own data against their the group are planning to predictions and shared their ocean currents were a critical factor return to the water in 2019. as the swimmers approached the experiment with colleagues. “The island where currents were strongest. results were promising”, Dr Draper said. “Our route planning and relay tactics “Usually, currents flow played out well, but our ability to do a from south to north and proper assessment was hampered by a shark sighting which meant that we occasionally as seen in 2017, temporarily had to leave the water part currents flow from north to way through the race.” south sweeping swimmers to the south of the island so they’re not able to complete the swim. Understanding the currents is vital so that you can choose a route that maximises your chances of success,” he said.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 25 HIGHLIGHTS The rise of turfs – flattening of kelp forests

Kelp forests around the world Dr Filbee-Dexter said some of the Kelp forests are being degraded into flat worst affected areas included seascapes carpeted by short, Western Australia, southern Norway mitigating unwanted turf-algae and the and Atlantic Canada. climate change WA coastline is one of the worst- affected areas, found the OI’s “Climate-driven marine heat waves, under threat Associate Professor Thomas strong storms, expanding tropical Wernberg and Dr Karen Filbee- herbivore ranges, gradual warming Dexter (formerly with the , invasive species and This was followed by results of a Norwegian Institute for Water nutrient pollution are some of drivers global study led by an OI team and Research and now with the shifting kelp forests into degraded the Marine Biological Association of Norwegian Institute of Marine turf reefs,” she said. the UK which found that kelp forests Research). take in more than twice the amount of carbon dioxide than previously “The problem is, kelps thrive in cool thought, which can help mitigate the Their study, published in the leading water and ocean warming is stressing impact of climate change. journal BioScience, was the first time them, lowering their capacity to resist scientists have assessed the global the many they are facing.” extent of the transformation. However the scientists also found that this ability was hampered by the Professor Wernberg said the socio- warming of waters across the globe by Professor Wernberg said that over the economic as well as ecological up to three times, which they said is past two decades many kelp forests consequences of this global cause for concern. had collapsed and been replaced by deforestation could be devastating. rapidly growing mats of sediment Lead author Albert Pessarrodona packed turf algae. “Kelp forests support ecosystem from the OI and School of Biological services such as biodiversity and Sciences said the research was “The underlying drivers vary from fisheries resources worth up to almost centred around what happened to place to place but humans are the $1 million per kilometre of coastline greenhouse gasses emitted as a result root cause. This is all comes back to per year,” he said. “Our research is of burning fossil fuels. how people affect the global and local now changing from documenting environment,” he said. kelp loss to discovering solutions “So far, the oceans have captured to curbing the rise of turf and the around 40 per cent of the carbon “Most worryingly, these critical flattening of our global kelp forests. dioxide emitted by humans, so transitions can be very difficult to halt figuring out how carbon moves or reverse because climate change is “These active solutions are the through that system is hugely pushing more and more kelp forests only way forward if we want to important,” he said. over the tipping point for collapse.” maintain these unique and valuable ecosystems.” Kelp forests occur in cold, nutrient- Caption: Changes to the Kalbarri seabed. rich water and are among the most productive ecosystems on earth, 2005 2013 absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide in order to grow.

26 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

“That carbon can then be channelled implications for the future of oceans into habitats where it is locked away and management of global warming. from the atmosphere (carbon sinks), “The study comes as the debate of playing an important role in mitigating how we manage coastal ecosystems the effects of global warming,” to tackle climate change intensifies, Mr Pessarrodona said. and our results suggest kelp forests have a more important role to “What is really concerning though, play than previously thought,” is that kelp forests living in warmer Mr Pessarrodona said. waters contain on average three times less carbon than those living The study has been published in Global in colder waters. Change Biology.

“This suggests that future ocean In some good news Dr Karen Filbee- warming will decrease the capacity Dexter has been successful in winning of kelp forests to absorb carbon, a Discovery Early Career Researcher particularly in areas where forests Award and will join UWA later this year are already under stress from warmer where she will be carrying out research temperatures, such as Portugal or the that is an extension of the global turf Australian mid-West.” work outlined above.

The scientists studied kelp forests from Norway to Portugal and in eight locations spanning 900 kilometres along the coast of Great Britain. Their observations have important

oceans.uwa.edu.au 27 HIGHLIGHTS

Great Southern Reef to lose huge seaweed habitat to ocean warming

Research by the OI into the future of Australia’s ‘other reef’ – the Great Southern Reef – shows that even under the most optimistic carbon emission scenarios, ocean warming is likely to cause substantial loss of critical habitat-forming seaweeds by 2100.

The study, by OI Associate Professor Professor Wernberg said that over Thomas Wernberg and a team of the next 85 years our temperate international and Australian coastlines are likely to experience substantial reductions of habitat- colleagues, was published in Diversity forming seaweeds, which are the and Distributions. The Great Southern biological engine of the Great Reef is a massive series of rocky reefs Southern Reef. with extensive kelp seaweed forests that extend around Australia’s southern coastline, covering around “We looked at the present and future distribution of 15 large 71,000sqkm from Brisbane to Kalbarri. dominant seaweed species and found they would lose between 30-100 per cent of their current area to ocean warming even under the most optimistic scenario where we aim to limit global warming to less than 2C,” Professor Wernberg said.

28 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

“This is bad news because these seaweeds support our globally unique marine biodiversity and important recreational and commercial fisheries such as abalone and rock lobster, Australia’s most valuable fisheries.”

All but two of the 15 species were “By determining this relationship, and predicted to contract southwards combining it with projections of future before 2100. Currently dominant ocean temperatures from climate species such as common kelp and models, it is possible to predict where strapweed were predicted to lose certain species are likely to be found or nearly half of their present distribution not in the future,” Dr Radford said. to become compressed in pockets on the south coast. Other seaweeds such Professor Wernberg said the socio- as giant kelp, bull kelp and crayweed economic as well as ecological were predicted to become extinct from consequences of these reductions the Australian continent. of habitat-forming seaweeds could be devastating. Professor Wernberg said it was well known how climate change was “These seaweeds are the trees of the causing ocean temperatures to oceans and the foundation of kelp increase in many regions. This was a forests that support ecosystem problem for cool-water species such as services such as biodiversity and temperate seaweeds and they would fisheries resources worth more than shift their distribution into cooler $10 billion per year in Australia,” waters as a consequence, he said. he said.

Co-author Dr Ben Radford, an “In response, our research focus is now ecological modeller with the Australian changing from documenting kelp loss Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), said to discovering solutions to increase there was a very strong relationship seaweed resilience and improve The common kelp is currently between ocean and the restoration of impacted kelp forests. a dominant seaweed in kelp forests across the Great Southern Reef. It is presence of different species. These active solutions are the only way predicted to lose almost half of its forward if we want to maintain these current distribution to ocean warming unique and valuable ecosystems.” before 2100 (Image credit: T. Wernberg)

oceans.uwa.edu.au 29 HIGHLIGHTS

Coral reefs protect coasts from severe storms

Coral reefs can naturally protect coasts from tropical cyclones effects cannot be ignored when by reducing the impact of large waves before they reach the shore, attempting to model or predict the announced OI member Dr Michael Cuttler, from the ARC Centre impact of cyclones. He also warned of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (Coral CoE) in April 2018. that the ability of reefs to protect adjacent coastlines was threatened by Dr Cuttler said although tropical The team observed that the shoreline both sea level rise and slowing rates of cyclones can wreak havoc on coastal remained largely unscathed because of reef accretion. infrastructure, marine habitats and the protection of its offshore reef. “The coastal populations, a fringing reef can large waves generated by the cyclone Dr Cuttler and his Coral CoE colleagues protect the beach from extensive erosion were effectively dissipated by the reef found the results could be used to assess during this severe weather events. situated offshore,” Dr Cuttler said. “The coastal hazards facing reef-fringed little erosion that did occur was due to coastlines due to extreme tropical “Reefs can effectively protect smaller waves that were generated by cyclone conditions, and would become shorelines because of their wind within the lagoon.” increasingly relevant as climate change altered the status of coral reefs globally. ability to cause waves to The shape, or geomorphology, of the break offshore, thus limiting reef - with its steep forereef slope, The paper “Response of a fringing reef the energy impacting the shallow reef crest and reef flat, and coastline to the direct impact of a coastline,” he said. relatively shallow lagoon - is tropical cyclone” is published in the representative of most fringing reefs journal Limnology and Oceanography worldwide. “In this study, we also Dr Cuttler and several of his Coral CoE Letters. compared similar cyclone impacts on colleagues studied Ningaloo Reef - coastlines without reefs and found that Australia’s largest fringing reef system, Study reveals how sub-tropical these beaches were eroded up to ten and a UN World Heritage site - during corals cope with the cold times more than the beach at Tropical Cyclone Olwyn in 2015. Olwyn Ningaloo,” Dr Cuttler said. was a Category 3 severe tropical In May, came another study from the cyclone that caused extensive damage OI which found that corals growing in While the findings of Dr Cuttler’s study to coastal communities along the coast high-latitude reefs in WA can regulate indicated that coral reefs can of Western Australia. their internal chemistry to promote effectively protect coastlines from growth under cooler temperatures. tropical cyclones and other large wave The research, from the ARC Centre of impacts, it also suggested that for reef Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and systems with lagoons, local wind

30 The University of Western Australia HIGHLIGHTS

Corals in shallow waters at Ningaloo Reef published in Proceedings of the Royal Claire said the researchers expected “Our study is unique because Society B, suggested ocean warming the corals to grow slower during winter it is among the first to fully may not necessarily promote faster because the water was colder and light decipher the corals’ internal rates of calcification of corals on levels lower but they were surprised to sub-tropical reefs where temperatures find the opposite pattern. “We were able chemistry. The findings are currently cool (lower than 18C). to link the remarkable capacity for of this study help better these cold water corals to maintain understand and predict Lead author Dr Claire Ross said high growth during winter to the the future of high-latitude research was carried out over two years regulation of their internal chemistry,” in WA’s Bremer Bay, 515km south-east she said. “We also found that there coral reefs under CO2-driven of Perth in the Great Southern region – was more food in the water for corals climate change.” a renowned diving, snorkelling and during winter compared to summer, tourism hot spot due to its stunning indicating that corals may feed more crystal clear waters, white sand and to sustain growth.” high marine biodiversity. Coral reefs are one of world’s most “For two years we used novel valuable natural resources, providing geochemical techniques to link the a habitat for many ocean species, internal chemistry of the coral with shoreline protection from waves and how fast the corals were growing in a storms, as well as being economically high-latitude reef,” Ms Ross said. important for tourism and fisheries. “These high-latitude reefs (above 28 However, their capacity to build degrees north and below 28 degrees skeletons is under threat due to south) have less light and lower CO2-driven climate change. The effects temperatures compared to the tropics, of climate change on coral reefs are and essentially they provide natural likely to vary geographically, but laboratories for investigating the limits relatively little is known about the for coral growth.” growth rates of reefs outside of the tropics. Claire Ross and OGS Research Officer Carlin Bower in the field at Bremer Bay. Image: Verena Schoepf

oceans.uwa.edu.au 31 HIGHLIGHTS

Image: The West Australian Newspaper The great debate – plastic versus metal water bottles

With reusable water bottles “I would tend to steer clear “These mass-produced bottles made quickly growing in popularity of bottles made from lower from polyethylene terephthalate (or PET) can leach small amounts of plastic in recent years for the health- grade metals that can break conscious, environmentally into the water over time which is not aware and as a trendy sports down, or metal bottles that good for us, and their high disposable item, Professor Anas Ghadouani are very cheap.” rate is terrible for the environment. The from the UWA School of amount of plastic leached can be made Engineering and Oceans Institute “The next best thing is the reusable worse by leaving them in the sun,” put the health and safety of plastic water bottle – promotional or he said. water bottles to the test in 2018. sports bottles sold in retail outlets. These are a good option but for “The key message really is to Professor Ghadouani said there was cleanliness they should only be ensure the bottle is durable growing interest in the use of reusable used for around a year before and made from quality food- water bottles with people keen to replacing them.” protect the environment. grade material and that the Professor Ghadouani said the worst bottle is kept clean at all time.” “However there is also interest about option was the common pre-filled how safe it is to drink from metal water bottled water containers widely bottles, which types are the best and available. how reusable metal water bottles compare to reusable plastic ones,” he said.

“Metal water bottles made from food- grade stainless steel can be expensive but are very safe, long-lasting and environmentally friendly.

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Fish at home on subsea oil and The project team used specialised baited cameras to compare fish diversity, abundance and size along a 42.3km subsea pipeline. gas pipelines Here a Leopard Shark checks to see what all the fuss is about

OI PhD student Todd Bond had The project team, led by UWA in In depths less than 40 metres, fish a busy year in 2018, taking home collaboration with BHP, used numbers were similar on the pipeline the prize for best student talk at specialised baited cameras to compare to those observed off the pipelines. the Marine Alliance for Science fish diversity, abundance and size along and Technology (MASTS) annual a 42.3km subsea pipeline with Todd explained the study showed the science meeting in Scotland.* surrounding habitats. depth of the pipeline and availability of habitat in adjacent areas are important Todd was also lead author on a Researchers found the pipeline, which features defining differences in the fish paper published in the open source extends from the shallows to depths of community. journal PLOS One on ‘The influence greater than 140 metres had 131 of depth and a subsea pipeline of species recorded on it, including the “We see a greater difference in the fish fish assemblages and commercially critically endangered Green Sawfish. on and off the pipeline in deeper water, fished species’. where their naturally occurring complex In depths beyond 80 metres, the habitat becomes limited,” he said. The research project carried out on pipeline had two to three times the a BHP subsea oil and gas pipeline off value of commercial fish species than “It’s important we understand the the north-west coast of Australia found surrounding habitats with fish species interaction between pipelines and local the pipeline has two to three times such as Goldband Snapper, Saddletail fisheries to inform future decisions more the commercial value of fish than Snapper and Moses’ Snapper recorded around how they are managed. surrounding areas in deep waters. in high numbers. Hundreds of offshore oil and gas fields in the Asia Pacific will reach the end of their productive life over the next decade. Knowledge of the ecosystems supported by subsea infrastructure will help ensure that these assets are decommissioned in the way that maximises the benefit to the community and environment.”

* Todd’s trip to Scotland to attend several conferences and work with the Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) was made possible by support from the OI and the funding received through a Robson and Robertson Award.

The ocean is his office… OI PhD student Todd Bond gets to work

oceans.uwa.edu.au 33 COLLABORATION Collaboration

34 The University of Western Australia COLLABRORATION

KISSME team sets sail!

The acronym alone was enough to attract attention but the Kimberley Internal Soliton, Sediment and Mixing Experiment, aka KISSME, was serious business.

Back in April 2017, members of the UWA Ocean Dynamics group and “The experiment aimed to capture the OFFshore IRTH (or Industrial the special scales of extreme physical Transformation Research Hub for oceanographic processes on the North Offshore Floating Facilities) travelled West Shelf, particularly nonlinear to the highly energetic Browse Basin; internal waves or solitons. a region of great environmental and economic significance to Australia. “The ultimate goal was to gain a better understanding of oceanographic Led by Professors Greg Ivey and processes and how they could aid in Dr Nicole Jones, the first trip involved the design and operation of offshore deployment of a triangular array of full infrastructure.” water-column moorings and bottom mounted frames as well as several KISSME was a collaboration between days of ship-based water sampling and the IOMRC partners – UWA, AIMS turbulence microstructure profiling. and CSIRO. The UWA component comprised Project 1 (Metocean) of A second journey, in May 2017, involved OFFshore IRTH, a joint indystry-ARC the successful retrieval of all deployed sponsored initiative with partners instruments. Shell, Woodside, Bureau Veritas and Lloyds Register. “The moorings and bottom frames, equipped with a range of The UWA research associates included oceanographic equipment, logged Dr Cynthia Bluteau, Dr Matt Rayson, ocean variables including water Andrew Zulberti, Sasha-Lee Pretrious, currents, temperature and salinity for Tamara Schlosser, Brad Rose and six weeks in 250m of water depth,” Justin Geldard, under the supervision explained Professor Ivey. of Professors Ivey and Jones.

Image: Joan Costa

oceans.uwa.edu.au 35 The workshop spawned the idea for this book Marine Extremes. COLLABORATION

Matariki workshops cover marine extremes

In December 2017, Matariki Network members working on ‘marine extreme’ research came together for a two-day workshop hosted by the OI.

Senior academics, early career researchers and research students of each Matariki partner involved or interested in marine research were selected to present their research on one of three themes: safe oceans, healthy oceans or wealth from the oceans.

Lead coordinator for the event, Dr Matariki Network members Gundula Winter, said the aim was to explore opportunities for research collaboration across the Matariki The Matariki Network of Universities is The workshop also spawned the idea Network and across disciplines. a select international group of seven for the recently published book outstanding universities, with each ‘Marine Extremes: Ocean Safety, Marine “Breaking down traditional research member leading international best Health and the Blue Economy’ by Prof barriers and thinking outside of the box practice in research and education Erika Techera and Dr Gundula Winter, are key to safeguarding ocean health, based on long academic traditions. to which - amongst others - many of the community development and blue workshop participants contributed. economy initiatives in a changing Members include The University of world,” Dr Winter said. Otago, New Zealand; The University UWA will host the second Matariki of Western Australia; University of workshop in December 2019 under the “From discussing slavery and illegal Tubingen, Germany; Uppsala University, same ‘Oceans and Blue Economy’ fishing, to hurricane impacts on barrier Sweden; Durham University, England; banner, continuing an ongoing and islands and ecological consequences of Dartmouth College, United States; and effective collaboration and the only marine heatwaves, the workshop Queen’s University, Canada. research theme UWA leads for the proved to be a success with a range of Matariki Network of Universities. presentations and discussion points that explore key issues and opportunities surrounding the three themes.”

36 The University of Western Australia COLLABRORATION

MOU with Deltares to lead to increased collaboration

Professor Ryan Lowe and Simone Van Schijndel (centre) at the signing of the MOU between UWA and Deltares

In April 2017 an agreement between UWA and the world-renowned Dutch research institute Deltares was signed, indicating a desire by both to increase collaboration on a broad range of research topics, in particular related to coastal dynamics, water quality modelling and offshore engineering in Australia and the Indian Ocean.

Deltares is an independent applied “A good example of collaboration that research institution specialising in the will address real-world challenges, is “Deltares and UWA field of water and subsurface, with five joint research to improve knowledge have the specific areas of expertise. With knowledge of the risks small low-lying islands in at the core of its values and business the Indian and Pacific oceans face and complementary model, Deltares believes in openness with sea level rise and extreme storms, expertise that is and transparency, evident from the free and the development of practical availability of its software and models. solutions to help mitigate these,” needed to address Professor Lowe said. these types of issues UWA’s Professor Ryan Lowe and Simone Van Schijndel, Regional on a global scale.” Manager Australia and New Zealand for Deltares, signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), with Ms Van Schijndel saying it brought collaboration between the two organisations “to the next level.

”In addition to working together on applied research projects, UWA and Deltares said they would work together on software development and professional training and towards promoting the exchange of researchers and students.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 37 COLLABORATION

Zhejiang University students in the foyer of the IOMRC building Sharing knowledge with Zhejiang University

The collaboration between the ZJU Ocean College, including lectures on a wide range of engineering ’s Zhejiang University and Professors Wu Jiaping and He Zhiguo. and marine science topics from key UWA continued to soar during During the visit, Professor Techera researchers within the OI. In addition, 2017 and 2018, promoting discussed arrangements for a student the visiting students were taken around complementary expertise and a study tour to UWA following a successful Perth to check out the sights and to joint vision to drive economic 2016 trip and planning for the fourth enjoy some cultural experiences. growth in oceans and marine UWA OI - ZJU Ocean College Workshop. development in both countries. In October 2017, a three-day UWA- Progress was also made on expanding ZJU workshop on ‘collaborative At the start of 2017, OI Director joint research activities and PhD opportunity for blue growth’ was Professor Erika Techera attended supervision, given the significant held at Zhoushan, the Island Campus Zhejiang University at the invitation and complementary infrastructure for ZJU. The workshop focused of the ZJU Ocean College. She visited at both UWA and ZJU. On 6 March on accelerating existing research the Zhoushan Island campus and ZJU 2017 Professor Techera gave a public collaborations, creating new links and Ocean College facilities and met with lecture at ZJU on 6 March 2017 entitled identifying complementary facilities colleagues from the ZJU Guangzhou ‘Addressing ocean challenges through for advancing joint research goals Law School. collaboration’. between the universities.

Highlights included a meeting with Then, in August 2017, the study tour The collaboration between China’s ZJU Professor Chen Ying (Dean of the ZJU came to life when 13 engineering and UWA’s OI was established to create Ocean College and Assistant President and science students flew to Perth joint research programs and bring of ZJU) as well as professors from from Hangzhou in China for the ZJU together closer links between marine Study Tour. Their program included researchers.

38 The University of Western Australia COLLABRORATION

Seagrass Restoration Network launched

In July 2017, a group of marine Linking scientists, industry The website is part of a movement to scientists from UWA and Deakin practitioners, community and improve our capacity and readiness for University launched a new government policy makers, the website seagrass restoration in Australia and website to create more provides an up-to-date look at the New Zealand and to generate awareness about declining development and implementation of momentum in development of Australian and New Zealand awareness, conservation, recovery and long-term nationally coordinated seagrasses. restoration of seagrass meadows. restoration programs.

The initiative was led by OI member Some of the site’s key features include Professor Gary Kendrick and Deakin a list of restoration activities throughout University’s Dr Craig Sherman and was Australia and New Zealand, case studies funded by The Nature Conservancy and demonstrating successful seagrass Deakin University. restoration and a discussion forum.

Image Joan Costa

oceans.uwa.edu.au 39 COLLABORATION

Image: Belinda Cannell UWA collaboration investigating Marine Ecosystems on the North West Shelf

The Browse Basin, located In 2016, the Australian Institute of Two of the ARP projects were led by 450km north of Broome and Marine Science (AIMS) led an effort UWA. The first, headed by OI and 200km offshore, is home to a to develop and implement an School of Biological Sciences large number of oil and gas Applied Research Program (ARP) researchers Dr Ylva Olsen and Professor discoveries including the – a collaboration between industry, Gary Kendrick, in collaboration with Prelude and Ichthys fields being government agencies, UWA and other CSIRO, focused on primary producers developed by Shell Australia universities – to establish baselines and corals at Browse Island. and INPEX. in the area. The small mid-shelf island is 200km off The collaboration was essential in the Kimberley coast and is surrounded evaluating the effects of a potential oil by a fringing reef. Due to its remoteness spill as well as carrying out scientific very little was previously known about investigations in the remote waters the ecology of the reef, however as the off north western Australia. closest to the Prelude and Ichthys fields, its intertidal and subtidal habitats were identified as priority sites.

40 The University of Western Australia COLLABRORATION

Image: Belinda Cannell

Beginning back in 2014, the team The team focused its efforts on The team found that breeding male and successfully completed four field trips two of the three internationally female lesser frigatebirds left the nest to the island, collecting data on the significant islands for breeding and returned to it at any time of the day cover of algae, corals and other seabirds in the Browse Basin: or night, whereas brown boobies left invertebrates on the reef and analysing Island (Monash University) and the the nest in the morning and returned the metabolic rates of key organisms. Lacepede Islands (UWA). in the evening, information which impacted on how far from the island The consumption of macroalgae by fish Data collection by UWA began in 2014 each species could forage. was measured in several experiments and included images from remote and the team was able to characterise cameras, dietary analyses from Similarly, to what had been found fish species using the intertidal reef. A regurgitant samples and foraging elsewhere, the diet of both seabirds key outcome was the ability to provide locations obtained from GPS tags was limited to just a few species of fish. recommendations for continued deployed on brown boobies. monitoring of the reef benthos and sampling strategies for detecting In 2017, UWA delivered its changes in the cover of macroalgae penultimate report to Shell and corals. and INPEX, which focused on The second ARP project is on seabirds lesser frigatebirds and brown and was led by Dr Belinda Cannell boobies and the differences from the OI and Associate Professor between the two species. Amanda Ridley from the School of Biological Sciences in collaboration with Monash University.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 41 COLLABORATION Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

From 2015 to 2016, record They found that in a span of 20 years, In 2016 the proportion of reefs temperatures triggered a pan- the geographic footprints of mass experiencing extreme bleaching was tropical episode of coral bleaching. bleaching at the Great Barrier Reef more than four times higher Described as one of the most have varied markedly. In 1998, compared to 1998 or 2002. severe global bleaching events bleaching was found to be primarily ever recorded, it occurred in even coastal and more severe in the central Looking forward, their analysis has stress-resilient coral reefs. and southern regions. important implications for the management and conservation of In 2017, UWA researchers were part Only four years later, in 2002, bleaching coral reefs, particularly their finding of an international collaboration was more widespread and affected that even the most highly protected examining the impact and patterns offshore reefs in the central region reefs and near-pristine areas are of bleaching coral reefs over the past that had escaped in 1998. Fast forward highly susceptible to heat stress. 20 years, including this one. to 2016 and bleaching was even more extensive and much more severe, Local protection of fish stocks and Their research, initially published in especially in the northern regions, improved water quality may, given Nature, revealed the impact of the and to a lesser extent the central enough time, improve the prospects record temperatures and found that regions, where many coastal, for recovery, but immediate global local management of coral reef mid-shelf and offshore reefs action is required to secure a future fisheries and water quality affords were affected. for our coral reefs. little, if any, resistance to recurring severe bleaching events.

This was followed with a more detailed paper in Scientific Reports specifically focused on WA and the stress-resistant corals of the Kimberley region.

Coral bleaching occurs as the result of abnormal environmental conditions, such as higher sea temperatures, that cause corals to expel tiny photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae. The loss of these colourful algae causes coral to turn white and bleach.

Terry Hughes from James Cook University and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies assembled a National Coral Bleaching Taskforce to lead and coordinate monitoring of bleaching throughout Australia.The taskforce’s UWA-based team, led by the OI’s Dr Verena Schoepf and master’s student Morane Le Nohaic, carried out surveys on the health of coral reefs.

42 The University of Western Australia COLLABRORATION

Local and international collaboration Global study maps marine animal movements

A first-of-its-kind study mapping The analysis also revealed that Dr Sequeira is expanding the research the global movements of a range movement on oceanic habitats was to investigate global interactions of marine animals around the more directed (straight towards a key between vessels and marine world – including whales, sharks, location) while in coastal environments megafauna and invites potential sea birds and polar bears – to it was more complex, suggesting data contributors to get in touch and understand how they travel animals adapt their behaviour when become part of the extended MMMAP our oceans was released in closer to shore potentially in search of Group. February 2018. food or for protection. “MMMAP aims to significantly improve This study is the result of a worldwide Dr Sequeira said it is important to our understanding of marine megafauna collaborative effort from researchers understand how animals adapt their movement at a global scale to ultimately involved in the Marine Megafauna movement patterns to different assist the conservation and management Movement Analytical Program environments, particularly as rapid of economically important charismatic (MMMAP), and its release followed a changes are taking place in the ocean, and threatened highly migratory week after a MMMAP forum at IOMRC, with potentially profound effects on the marine species,” she said. showcasing key research in the marine conservation of these species. “Animals like sharks, whales and turtles megafauna movement. “Understanding drivers of animal can be impacted by human activities The study revealed that despite movement is crucial to assist mitigating including industrial and coastal significant differences in body size, adverse impacts anthropogenic development, ocean pollution, port shape and mode of movement, marine activities on marine megafauna,” infrastructure, coastal and offshore animals move through the ocean in she said. fisheries and shipping. similar ways. “While the results suggest marine “However the extent of the impact Lead author Dr Ana Sequeira from the species have adapted to different is unknown, mostly because our OI said researchers from UWA and the properties of the inshore and offshore understanding of their movements is Australian Institute of Marine Science marine environment, it’s still important limited. (AIMS) analysed the satellite tracking to understand how, and how fast they “The economic and ecological value of more than 2,500 tagged marine can adapt. of MMMAP research will enhance our animals from 50 species, looking at “This is particularly important to guide ability to exploit marine resources their speed and movement patterns. conservation management in view of sustainably, while helping to set global Unlike terrestrial species, where the forecasted severe ocean changes, standards and increasing capacity movement is commonly associated including sea level rise and reduced for the analysis of large ecological with body size, the team was surprised Artic sea cover.” datasets.” to find that unrelated marine species Co-author Dr Michele Thums from AIMS MMMAP is composed of a core group displayed similar movement patterns. said the differences between in shore of 11 international experts in “We found that all animals display and offshore movements were most movement ecology and an extended comparable movement patterns, likely related to habitat differences. network of more than 50 collaborators for example, this is the case for large from 40 institutions across 11 nations. “Inshore habitats such as reefs and whales and for small seabirds,” Dr Since its inception the group has seagrass are generally more complex Sequeira said. produced a number of high-impact compared to open ocean habitats research papers. The differences found across all offshore and therefore stimulating species were associated with where more complex movement patterns in they were moving and is potentially these animals,” Dr Thums said. linked with the way they use different marine habitats.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 43 EVENTS AND CONFERENCES Conferences and Events

44 The University of Western Australia EVENTS AND CONFERENCES AND EVENTS

Image: Erika Techera UN Ocean Conference

In June 2017, Professor Erika Techera, Director of the OI, was invited to the United Nations Headquarters in New York as part of the Australian Delegation for the inaugural UN Oceans Conference. Coinciding with World Oceans Day, this world-first major event presented a unique opportunity to reverse the decline of the health of the oceans and seas with concrete solutions.

With a focus on conservation, Nearly 180 states participated and sustainable development and use agreed to a 14-point call for action that of the oceans, topics such as rising enshrines a greater commitment to sea levels, pollution, maritime crime, global cooperation in the conversation marine resource and tenable and sustainable use of the oceans. development were some of the key More than 4000 participants from issues discussed over the five-day governments, the UN system and other conference. intergovernmental organisations, Erika Techera at the UN Headquarters NGOs, academia, the scientific ready for the UN Oceans Conference Already today, 30 per cent of the community and the private sector world’s fish stocks are over-exploited, were part of the conference that while more than 50 per cent are fully resulted in a number of outcomes. exploited. Coastal habitats are under , with approximately 20 per One of the points on the action plan cent of the world’s coral reef lost and was the adoption of the “Our Ocean, another 20 per cent degraded. Plastic Our Future: Call for Action” declaration, waste alone kills up to one million sea co-chairs’ summaries of the seven birds, a hundred thousand sea partnership dialogues that were held mammals and countless fish each year. during the conference, and more than 1400 voluntary commitments made in Around 80 per cent of marine pollution support of Sustainable Development comes from land-based activities. Goal 14 by various stakeholders. Vulnerable groups are particularly affected, including the poor, women, The Sustainable Development Goal 14 children, Indigenous people and is part of the 2030 Agenda adopted by sustainably use the oceans, seas and coastal communities and countries all 193 UN Member States in 2015. The marine resources for sustainable with a high dependency on the oceans goal calls for efforts to conserve and development. and their marine resources.

oceans.uwa.edu.auuwa.edu.au 45 EVENTS AND CONFERENCES 46 discussed. also were ofpeople millions offeeding capable being reserves agriculture and offish possibility the and gas ofoil and reservoirs substantial house to floor sea ofthe potential The routes. shipping maritime across occurs trade of global cent per 90 around considering when makers policy and leaders for challenges and environment holds great opportunities maritime the told were Attendees oceans. our affecting challenges global major todiscuss academia and government business, across speakers international and national 35 than more together brought conference The realm. maritime Indo-Pacific ofthe security and environment resources, the on focused Zone Blue The in 2009, began that forums ofstrategic in aseries latest The inPerth. Zone’ Blue The Zone: ‘In the hosted UWA and Centre 2017, October In USAsia Perth the Conference Zone Blue zone: The In the

Australia Western of University The Professor TecheraProfessor said. and viability of our oceans,” want to ensure health the knowledge and skills is we experience, expertise, our to work alone; we must pool resources the has “No-one things ‘blue’.things all to discuss together influencers and leaders many policymakers, so have to opportunity unique the highlighting speaker, akeynote was Techera Erika Director Institute Oceans Then Han Sueng-soo. DR Minister Prime Korean South former and Assembly General Nations United ofthe President former and Bishop Julie Minister Foreign former McGowan, Mark WA Premier included Attendees to Perth. Indo-Pacific the from participants 5000 than more attracted has series forum the launch its Since neighbours. key with engagement on deepening concentrated is that and demography changing its recognises that to one ‘isolation’ its on focus WA’sshifting historical in influential been Zone has In the conference Zone Blue the during stage on (centre) Techera Erika Dr EVENTS AND CONFERENCES AND EVENTS

Kimberley Indigenous Saltwater Science Project (KISSP) (L-R) WAMSI Kimberley Marine Research Program Node Leader Stuart Field (DBCA), KISSP Project Leader Dean Matthews (Nyamba Buru Yawuru), Julie Melbourne (Manager Land and Sea Unit Nyamba Buru Yawuru), Rebecca Dobbs (UWA researcher), Beau Austin (CDU/CSIRO researcher) and WAMSI Kimberley Science Coordinator Kelly Waples (DBCA) The WAMSI Research Conference - Kimberley Marine Research Program

In November 2017 the Western OI members to present at the A landmark $19 million collaboration Australian Marine Australia conference included Professor between industry, government and Science Institution (WAMSI) Gary Kendrick, Dr John Satton, researchers, Node is building the Research Conference on the Ms Rene Gruber, Professor Malcolm science knowledge to predict and Kimberley Marine Research McCulloch, Dr Verena Schoepf, manage the impacts of dredging which Program was held at the State Ms Rebecca Dobbs, Dr Simon Allen, will lead to improved certainty, Library of WA. Dr Matt Hipsey, Professor Greg Ivey reduced costs and better and Professor Nicole Jones. environmental outcomes. The two-day event showcased the science, findings, outcomes and They covered topics as diverse as products of the program to managers, saltwater monitoring in the Kimberley researchers, industry and government to oceanographic dynamics, the stakeholders. conference was a success in showcasing research from one of the most remote The $30 million Kimberley Marine and unique regions in Australia. Research Program is leading the way in managing marine environments in the The WAMSI Conference also included Kimberley region. the final results for the Dredging Science Node with presentations from One hundred and sixty scientists from Professor Gary Kendrick, Professor 10 partner agencies are working on Ryan Lowe, Dr John Statton and Pia delivering 26 research projects along Bessell-Browne. the Kimberley coastline, an area stretching 13,500km. Professor Chris Doepel PSM, Deputy Chair Conservation Commission.

oceans.uwa.edu.auuwa.edu.au 47 MEDIA & OUTREACH Media and Outreach

The OI continues to have a large and committed social media presence, with a local and global reach. The Institute’s Twitter and Facebook channels remain an effective means of engaging with a local audience, academic members and key stakeholders.

In addition, blogs created by Followers of the OI social media pages OI researchers as well as YouTube include international and national videos are gaining traction, creating research institutions, industry new means of engaging with and government, media, NGO’s, 3500+ 1800+ researchers in the field. community groups and individuals. Facebook likes Twitter followers

From watching PhD students tagging sharks to researchers uncovering a communal grave from the shipwreck Batavia, the Institute actively promotes research projects and has an excellent track record of delivering timely and effective media coverage.

Image Joan Costa

48 The University of Western Australia MEDIA & OUTREACH MEDIA

Free resource for schools

Amazing fish facts a “I am hoping the book grows a love of The researchers plan to visit schools huge success the ocean in children and a desire to throughout 2019 to get feedback and be in it and on it. That, like me, they develop worksheets with teachers. In December 2018 the OI took a hands like learning about all the different Schools can access hard copies of the on approach to engaging primary and fish species and what makes each one book by emailing [email protected] secondary school children in marine unique,” Dr McLean said. science. Amazing fish facts that help About the authors to explain the serious side of WA’s The highlight of the book, according marine environment and why it’s so to Michael Taylor, is the species Dr Dianne McLean started with important to protect it, as well as a identification guide which includes Australian Institute of Marine Science species identification guide for young photos, biological illustrations and (AIMS) in WA as a fish ecologist in 2018 explorers, are all in the book Perth Fish statistics on 106 different species. having previously been with UWA for that is available free to schools. 14 years. Dianne’s research focusses on “There is a lot of interesting information the impact of oil and gas infrastructure Written and compiled by fish ecologists throughout the book, but the real star on fish and fisheries. Dr Dianne McLean and Research for me is the identification guide,” Assistant Michael Taylor and published Michael said. “Photographers from Michael Taylor was until recently a by the OI, the book explains everything around Australia donated some great Research Assistant with Fish Ecology from the cultural significance of the images for it, and I hope that the Group within the School of Biological ocean, to its diversity and abundance children who come to look through it Sciences at the OI. He is now working of marine life all interspersed with fun will start to recognise and learn about for AIMS. facts and beautiful images. the fish that they see when they go out into the ocean.” The researchers are providing copies to Something fishy. Palmyra Primary School schools in an effort to engage primary students and teachers were very happy and secondary children in marine recipients of the OI published text book on WA’s amazing marine life science by developing knowledge and promoting an appreciation of fish life off our coast.

Here’s one I spotted earlier. WA students explore the many amazing species of fish that populate the waters off our coastline

oceans.uwa.edu.au 49 MEDIA & OUTREACH OI members talking Tedx

Research Fellow Verena Schoepf on the future of coral reefs.

Coral reefs provide livelihood The discussion provided Verena with a Since extreme temperature and resources to millions of world stage to talk about corals that environments boost the heat people worldwide, but climate are required to cope with extreme resistance of corals, they could change and mass bleaching environmental conditions due to the potentially serve as a temporary refuge threaten their future survival. world’s largest tropical . from climate change. Corals in these environments could also recover faster As mass bleaching events become Her research has shown corals that live from bleaching and help repopulate more common due to rising ocean in the most extreme conditions, such those reefs that have been harder hit. temperatures, it’s increasingly urgent to as tide pools, have a higher resistance understand what makes corals to heat stress and bleaching than The bad news is that even super-corals resistant to heat stress and climate deeper, subtidal corals. from extreme environments change. Do super-corals offer a nevertheless remain vulnerable to glimmer of hope? She explained that during an severe heat stress events. With such unprecedented mass bleaching event events becoming more frequent, it’s In early 2017, OI member Verena in the Kimberley in 2016, tide pool unclear whether corals will be able to Schoepf, a research fellow and also one corals were found to be fully adapt fast enough to keep pace with of the program leaders in the ARC recovering, whereas subtidal corals global warming. Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef experienced severe mortality. Studies, was given the opportunity Verena assured the audience that, through TEDxUWA to present her Speaking to her audience about what while there is reason to be alarmed research into particularly stress- that meant for the future, Verena about the future of coral reefs, there is resilient corals in the Kimberley region. explained the results offer a mix of hope these cities under the sea will good and bad news. persist for many decades, with a good chance the super-corals from the Kimberley will be among the survivors. 50 The University of Western Australia MEDIA & OUTREACH MEDIA

Professor Anas Ghadouani on eating yourself out of a water shortage

At the other end of 2017, in A self-proclaimed water geek, He said he came up with the ‘water for November, award-winning Professor Ghadouani covered all chocolate’ idea when he was thinking Professor Anas Ghadouani, aspects of water engineering and of ways to help people to relate to also presented a TEDx talk in management in his presentation, the conservation of one of our most with a relatable chocolate twist for precious resources. Perth about a subject necessary the audience. for our survival – water. “I wanted to articulate the importance Highlighting the fact that 80 per cent of water-saving in a way that everyone of Australians know little about the could understand,” he said. “I started very thing that is keeping them alive, researching how much water goes the water expert asked the audience into meat at first, but then I came where they thought they used most across research that the amount of of their water – Washing? Flushing? water that goes into chocolate Gardening? Wrong. production is significantly more.

The answer was bad news for “It’s interesting to see the look on chocolate lovers as Professor the faces of the audience when I tell Ghadouani alerted the audience to them that.” the fact that making chocolate uses a lot more water than we think. Despite the ‘sweet facts’, the heart of Professor Ghadouani’s talk revolved around being conscious of self-aware of food wastage.

“I’m not saying stop eating chocolate, but I wanted people to leave and be more conscious of their water footprint,” he said.

oceans.uwa.edu.au 51 MEDIA & OUTREACH All that glitters definitely not gold

The OI’s Anas Ghadouani, a professor of environmental engineering He said removing glitter and other has also been leading the charge on a subject that might seem odd microplastics from the market would at first glance – glitter! people to come up with alternatives, agreeing that while many Professor Ghadouani has been Plastics is the name we give to a group environmentally-friendly options were collecting wastewater and of substances mostly made from more expensive than mass-produced environmental water from systems carbon-based molecules arranged in plastics, choosing locally-crafted around Perth to analyse the amount, many repeat units (n) in a long chain wooden Christmas decorations over type and origin of microplastics — known as a polymer. There are many plastic, glittery baubles for example, including glitter. different types of plastics depending would eventually become more upon what’s attached to the carbon. affordable. A microplastic is any plastic less than five millimetres in diameter and experts Most plastics are derived from “Harming the environment say they are making their way into petroleum, although some newer ones, is harming business — that’s water systems, marine life and known as bioplastics, are derived from the end of the story,” he said, eventually into us. building blocks produced by microbial fermentation or from corn syrup. arguing sweeping legislation While the physical impact of plastics on Chemicals including colourants, is the final frontier in animals is well documented, scientists foaming agents, plasticisers, antioxidants removing microplastics are now trying to determine how they and flame retardants can be added to from the environment. affect the and brain function different types of plastics to give them of humans. specific qualities such as colour, “We need leadership here where texture, flexibility and durability. people say ‘listen, this is how we’re “While we don’t yet know all the going to party,” he said. details,” Professor Ghadouani said. “I have little girls but I’ve mandated “What we’re talking about is not a they only have birthday parties every “We’re going to reinvent partying. The natural product that will morph into second year because it takes me two environment is what provides for us. It’s our systems. It’s not like nutrients, years to get rid of glitter from the last where we find our resources. It’s where it’s a chemical. party,” Professor Ghadouani said. “I still we make our money. So harming it find it in some corners of my house, so unnecessarily just doesn’t make sense.” “If you breathe microplastics into imagine what it’s like in the your lungs they don’t decompose, environment.” they stay there.”

Tiny particles of plastic can cause serious environmental damage. Some of the fragments of plastic in this image are the same microbeads found in facial scrubs and exfoliating body washes. Image adapted from: Oregon State University; CC-BY-SA 2.0

52 The University of Western Australia MEDIA & OUTREACH MEDIA

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oceans.uwa.edu.au 53 PUBLICATIONS 54 Kydd Alex Image: Publications

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Oceans Institute 2017 Publications

Abdolahpour, M., Ghisalberti, M., Lavery, P. & Andrade, R. L. B., Hatje, V., Masqué, P., Beemer, R. D., Van Dam, A. & Cassidy, M., 30 McMahon, K (2017) Vertical mixing in coastal Zurbrick, C. M., Boyle, E. A. & Santos, W. Mar 2017, Development of a P-Wave canopies. Limnology and Oceanography. 62 P. C (2017) Chronology of anthropogenic Transponder System for Tracking Buried (1) 26-42 impacts reconstructed from sediment Objects in 1-g and Geotechnical Centrifuge records of trace metals and Pb isotopes Models. Geotechnical Frontiers 2017: Abdul Wahab, M. A., Fromont, J., Gomez, O., in Todos os Santos Bay (NE Brazil) Marine geotechnical materials, modeling and Fisher, R. & Jones, R (2017) Comparisons of Pollution Bulletin. 125 (1-2): 459-471 testing. Brandon, T. L. & Valentine, R. J. benthic filter feeder communities before (eds.). USA: American Society of Civil Arns, A., Dangendorf, S., Jensen, J., Talke, S., and after a large-scale capital dredging Engineers, p. 368-378 (GEOTECHNICAL Bender, J. & Pattiaratchi, C (2017) program. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 122(1-2): SPECIAL PUBLICATION ; vol. 280) 176-193 Sea-level rise induced amplification of coastal protection design heights.Scientific Bennett, S., Wernberg, T. & de Bettignies, T Achlatis, M., Van Der Zande, R. M., Reports. 7(1) (2017) Bubble curtains: Herbivore exclusion Schönberg, C. H. L., Fang, J. K. H., Hoegh- devices for ecology and restoration of Barley, S., Meekan, M. G. & Meeuwig, J. Guldberg, O. & Dove, S (2017) Sponge marine ecosystems? Frontiers in Marine J (2017) Species diversity, abundance, bioerosion on changing reefs: Ocean Science. 4. biomass, size and trophic structure of warming poses physiological constraints to fish on coral reefs in relation to shark Bessell-Browne, P., Negri, A. P., Fisher, R., the success of a photosymbiotic excavating abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Clode, P. L. & Jones, R (2017) Impacts of light sponge. Scientific Reports. 7(1) 565: 163-179 limitation on corals and crustose coralline Ahmad Kamil, K., Hailu, A., Rogers, A. & algae. Scientific Reports. 7 (1) Barley, S. C. & Meeuwig, J. J (2017) The Pandit, R (2017). An assessment of marine Power and the Pitfalls of Large-scale, Bessell-Browne, P., Negri, A. P., Fisher, protected areas as a marine management Unreplicated Natural Experiments. R., Clode, P. L., Duckworth, A. & Jones, R strategy in Southeast Asia: A literature Ecosystems. 20 (2): 331-339 (2017) Impacts of on corals: The review. Ocean and Coastal Management. relative importance of light limitation and 145, 72-81 Barley, S. C., Meekan, M. G. & Meeuwig, J. J suspended sediments. Marine Pollution (2017) Diet and condition of mesopredators Alam, M., Bennamoun, M., Togneri, R. & Bulletin. 117 (1-2) 161-170 on coral reefs in relation to shark Sohel, F., Sep 2017, Deep neural networks abundance. PLoS One. 12 (4) Bienen, B. & Hossain, M., (2017) Spudcan- for mobile person recognition with audio- seabed interaction. Encyclopedia of visual signals. Mobile Biometrics. Guo, G. & Beemer, R. D., Biscontin, G. & Aubeny, C. P Maritime and Offshore Engineering. Carlton, (2017) Centrifuge 2D Gravity on a Vertical Wechsler, H. (eds.). London: The Institution J., Jukes, P. & Sang, C. Y. (eds.). John Wiley Rotational Reference Frame. International of Engineering and Technology, p. 97-129 & Sons (IET Book Series on Advances in Biometrics) Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. Bienen, B., Hu, P. & Cassidy, M. J (2017) Beemer, R. D., Biscontin, G., Murali, M. Allen, S. J., Pollock, K. H., Bouchet, P. J., Bearing capacities of Spudcan Foundations & Aubeny, C. P (2017) Use of a MEMS Kobryn, H. T., McElligott, D. B., Nicholson, in Clay after penetrating through a sand layer. K. E., Smith, J. N. & Loneragan, N. R (2017) accelerometer to measure orientation in Preliminary estimates of the abundance a geotechnical centrifuge. International Bienen, B., O’Loughlin, C. & Zhu, F (2017) and fidelity of dolphins associating with a Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. Physical modelling of suction bucket demersal trawl fishery. Scientific Reports. installation and response under long-term 7 (1) cyclic loading. Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics 2017 Conference Almahasheer, H., Serrano, O., Duarte, C. Proceedings. United Kingdom: Society for M., Arias-Ortiz, A., Masque, P. & Irigoien, X Underwater Technology, Vol. 1. 524-531 (2017) Low Carbon sink capacity of Red Sea mangroves. Scientific Reports. 7(1)

oceans.uwa.edu.auuwa.edu.au 55 PUBLICATIONS 56 (1-2): 115 252-260 Bulletin. Marine PollutionPosidonia australis. seagrass of osmolyte and relations water photosynthesis, growth, on brine desalination from salinity high of A(2017)G. Effects &Kendrick, J. Mondon, R., G. Cawthray, A., Zavala-Perez, L., M. Cambridge, 2654-2668 4. 2017 OTC Conference, Technology Offshore waves. sand and connections end initiators, buckle spools, for practices Best interaction: structure D. J (2017) &White, Pipe-soil E. Low, H. H., F., Zhou, M. M., Ramm, Bransby, 5B. Vol. International, ASME Norway: Engineering. Arctic and Offshore Ocean, on Conference 2017 International ASME 36th Systems: Subsea and Risers, Pipelines, installation. and capacity foundation reliable for geometries skirt foundation Optimising T(2017) F. M. &Drummen, Randolph, H., D., Zhu, F., M. O’Driscoll, Bransby, Series Progress Ecology Marine sharks. important commercially of movements broad-scale the reveals monitoring R(2017) Acoustic McAuley, T. & Langlois, K., Rensing, M., Braccini, Geotechnique resistance. pipe-soil axial assessing for tests box shear D. J(2017) &White, Interface N. Boukpeti, 1111 Ecology and Biogeography Global commercialfrom catch records. inferred abundance fish pelagic of hotspots A(2017) R. Continental-scale Watson, & J. M. Caley, S., T., Nichol, Letessier, Z., Huang, J., P., Meeuwig, Bouchet, Science Sustainability City. the of &Walker,M. I(2017) Myths Moglia, J., Price, F.,C., Gaffier, Boschetti, Technolog Oceanic and Atmospheric of Journal temperature and measurements. velocity concurrent from rates mixing Determining E(2017) A. W. J. &Rice, Book, L., N. Jones, N., G. Ivey, G., R. Lueck, E., C. Bluteau,

Australia Western of University The . Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. Vol. Conference, Technology . Offshore . 34 (10) 2283-2293 (10) 2283-2293 . 34 . 12(4): 611-620 12(4): . . 577(9): 121-129 577(9): . . 67(1) 18-30 . 67(1) 18-30 . 26 (10):. 26 1098-

Chow, S., O’Loughlin, C., Gaudin, C. Gaudin, C., O’Loughlin, S., Chow, analysis p. 85-89 p. analysis SCR global with coupled interaction SCR soil- S(2017) M. Three-dimensional Hossain, Y. & D., Kim, J. H. Kim, B-S., Jang, J., Choi, Engineering Ocean Australia. in infrastructure gas and oil offshore of decommissioning for considerations legal and Engineering S (2017) &Draper, S. Gourvenec, J., E. D., Techera, White, J., Chandler, Total Environment the of Science sources. their of constrain and distribution comprehensive First Sea: Mediterranean the in 129I and 236U P(2017) Anthropogenic Barri, &Masque A. H. Synal, C., Vockenhuber, J., Garcia-Orellana, M., Christl, N., Casacuberta, M., Castrillejo, 9826-9835 51(17): Technology. and Science Environmental 2015. 2013 to from Ocean the to Plants Power Nuclear Dai-ichi Fukushima the from Isotopes Pu and 236U, 129I, of Releases P(2017) Potential &Masqué, A. H. Synal, M., Castrillejo, C., Y., Vockenhuber, O., Lau, K. Buesseler, M., Christl, N., Casacuberta, 5(34) Evolution. and Ecology in Frontiers vision. color primate behind drives evolutionary and genetic D. M(2017) &Hunt, The L. W. I. Davies, K., J. Mountford, A., D. M. Pessoa, S., L. Carvalho, in clay. Géotechnique clay. in test piezocone free-fall the of interpretation M(2017) extended An & Randolph, D. White, C., O’Loughlin, S., Chow, 2.1019-1025 Vol. Technology, Underwater for Conference International 8th the of :Proceedings Geotechnics and Site Offshore Investigation sand. in anchor installed adynamically of embedment the of study (2017)J., experimental An &Tore M. Lieng, Brown, J., Knappett, . 131: 338-347 338-347 . 131: . 593-594, 745-759. . 593-594, . 67(12): 1090-1103 67(12): . . London: Society Society . London: , Ecology and Evolution and Ecology reefs. temperate Australian on fucoids of role key The forests: underwater Forgotten T(2017) &Wernberg, A. M. Coleman, Neurology Comparative of J foraging. and microhabitat roosting of Influence megachiropterans: African in power resolving spatial and topography Manger, P. cell ganglion R(2017) Retinal P. S. Collin, E., & Gilissen, C., Kyamakya, D., Kaswera- J. P., J. Coimbra, Pettigrew, Ecology and Biology Marine Experimental of Journal video? underwater baited by collected information length and abundance bias T.behaviour fish J(2017)& Langlois, Does S. E. Harvey, D. L., McLean, R., A. Coghlan, Geotechnique installations, subsea mobile tolerably of response the predicting for framework F(2017) M. Theoretical &Randolph, J. D. White, M., S. Gourvenec, L., M. Cocjin, p. 933-937 Australia, ACT: Engineers Barton, T(ed.) Baldock, 2017: Nature with &Ports Working Coasts 189-196 82: Marine Policy Triangle region. Coral the in priorities of conservation construction social the Analysing policy: from ideology (2017) S Extracting Foale, J. & Clifton, sciences. earth the of journal electronic an Geosystems: Geophysics, Geochemistry, G3: ratios. Mg/Ca Sr/Ca and skeletal from evident as events warming mass- regional to corals of response M(2017) Differential &McCulloch, R. Lowe, P., J. D’Olivo, H., J., Falter, Zinke, J., Clarke, 228) vol. Synthesis; and (Ecological Studies-Analysis 125-154 AG Publishing International Springer Switzerland: (eds.). AG. & Degermendzhi, Meromictic Lakes Meromictic of Ecology Conditions. and Meromictic Holomictic Anoxic Between Fluctuates that (Croatia) Coast Adriatic the on Lake Marine aEuxinic Lake, M(2017) Rogoznica Batistic, & I. Janekovic, Z., Ljubesic, I., Ciglenecki, . 497: 143-151 497: . . 67 (7) 608-620 (7) . 67 . Gulati, RD., Zadereev, ES. ES. Zadereev, RD., . Gulati, . 7 (20) : 8406-8418. :8406-8418. . 7(20) . 525 (1):. 525 186-203 18 (5):18 1794-1809 ournal ournal . . PUBLICATIONS

Collins, D. L., Langlois, T., Bond, T., Holmes, Darling, E. S., Graham, N. A. J., Januchowski- Dong, Y., Wang, D. & Randolph, M. F (2017) T. H., Harvey, E. S., Fisher, R. & McLean, Hartley, F. A., Nash, K. L., Pratchett, M. S. & Runout of Submarine Landslide Simulated D. L (2017) A novel stereo-video method Wilson, S. K (2017) Relationships between with Material Point Method. Procedia to investigate fish-habitat relationships. structural complexity, coral traits, and reef Engineering. Rohe, A., Soga, K., Teunissan, Methods in Ecology and Evolution. (8)1: fish assemblages. Coral Reefs. 36 (2) 561-575 H. & Zuada Coelho, B. (eds.). Netherlands, 116-125 Vol. 175. 357-364 Davis, K., Kragt, M., Gelcich, S., Burton, Comeau, S., Carpenter, R. C. & Edmunds, P. M., Schilizzi, S. & Pannell, D (2017) Why Drost, E. J. F., Lowe, R. J., Ivey, G. N., Jones, J (2017) Effects of pCO(2) on photosynthesis are fishers not enforcing their marine N. L. & Péquignet, C. A (2017) The effects and of tropical scleractinian user rights? Environmental and Resource of tropical cyclone characteristics on the corals and calcified algae. ICES Journal of Economics. 67(4): 661–681 surface wave fields in Australia’s North West Marine Science: journal du conseil. 74 (4): region. Continental Shelf Research. De Brauwer, M., Harvey, E. S., McIlwain, J. L., 1092-1102 Hobbs, J. P. A., Jompa, J. & Burton, M (2017) Dufois, F., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Comeau, S., Cornwall, C. E. & McCulloch, The economic contribution of the muck dive Fernandes, M., Wojtasiewicz, B., Shenoy, M. T (2017) Decoupling between the industry to tourism in Southeast Asia Marine D., Slawinski, D., Gauns, M., Greenwood, J. response of coral calcifying fluid pH and Policy. Marine Policy. 83: 92-99 & Toresen, R (2017) Observational insights calcification to ocean acidification. Scientific into chlorophyll distributions of subtropical de Busserolles, F., Cortesi, F., Helvik, J. V., Reports. 7 (1) South Indian Ocean eddies. Geophysical Davies, W. I. L., Templin, R. M., Sullivan, R. Research Letters. 44 (7): 3255-3264 Connor, R. C., Cioffi, W. R., Randia, S. A., K. P., Michell, C. T., Mountford, J. K., Collin, Allen, S. J., Watson-Capps, J. & Krützen, M S. P., Irigoien, X., Kaartvedt, S. & Marshall, J Dufois, F., Lowe, R. J., Branson, P. & Fearns, (2017) Male alliance behaviour and mating (2017) Pushing the limits of photoreception P (2017) Tropical Cyclone-Driven Sediment access varies with habitat in a dolphin social in twilight conditions: The rod-like cone Dynamics Over the Australian North West network. Scientific Reports. 7 (1) retina of the deep-sea pearlsides Science Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Advances. 3 (11) Oceans. 122 (12) 10225-10244 Cornwall, C. E., Comeau, S. & Mcculloch, M. T (2017) Coralline algae elevate pH at the site DeCarlo, T. M., D’Olivo, J. P., Foster, T., D’Olivo, J. P. & McCulloch, M. T (2017) of calcification under ocean acidification. Holcomb, M., Becker, T. & McCulloch, Response of coral calcification and calcifying Global Change Biology. 23 (10): 4245-4256 M. T., 24 Nov 2017. Coral calcifying fluid fluid composition to thermally induced aragonite saturation derived from Raman bleaching stress. Scientific Reports. 7 (1) Corti, R., Gourvenec, S. M., Randolph, M. spectroscopy. Biogeosciences. 14 (22): F. & Diambra, A (2017) Application of a Etminan Farooji, V., Lowe, R. & Ghisalberti, 5253-5269 memory surface model to predict whole- M (2017) A new model for predicting the life settlements of a sliding foundation. Dibattista, J. D., Travers, M. J., Moore, G. drag exerted by vegetation canopies : Water Computers and Geotechnics. 88: 152-163 I., Evans, R. D., Newman, S. J., Feng, M., Resources Research. 53(4): 3179-3196 Moyle, S. D., Gorton, R. J., Saunders, T. & Cresswell, A. K., Edgar, G. J., Stuart-Smith, R. Evans, S. M., Sinclair, E. A., Poore, A. G. B., Berry, O (2017) Seascape genomics reveals D., Thomson, R. J., Barrett, N. S. & Johnson, Bain, K. F. & Verges, A ( 2017) Assessing fine-scale patterns of dispersal for a reef fish C. R., (2017) Translating local benthic the effect of genetic diversity on the early along the ecologically divergent coast of community structure to national biogenic establishment of the threatened seagrass Northwestern Australia. Molecular Ecology. reef habitat types. Global Ecology and Posidonia australis using a reciprocal- 26 (22):6206–6223 Biogeography. 26(10): 1112-112514 transplant experiment. Restoration Ecology. Dong, Y., Wang, D. & Randolph, M. F (2017) p. 1-11 Cure, K., Thomas, L., Hobbs, J. P. A., Investigation of impact on pipeline Fairclough, D. V. & Kennington, W. J (2017) Fang, J. K. H., Schonberg, C., Hoegh- by submarine landslide using material point Genomic signatures of local adaptation Guldberg, O. & Dove, S (2017) Symbiotic method. 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oceans.uwa.edu.auuwa.edu.au 57 PUBLICATIONS 58 Engineering Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical of clay.Journal in foundations circular skirted of capacities (2017) B. Uniaxial Bienen, & M. Y., Cassidy, Tian, C., D., Gaudin, Fu, Scientific Report quality. water improved after ecosystem seagrass degraded historically in declines seagrass long-term and stressors Belowground (2017) A. G. W. &Kendrick, M. Fraser, Biology Marine population decimation. versus growth compensatory herbivory: by stages life kelp different of Tuya, F(2017) Modulation & I. F., Sousa-Pinto, Arenas, B., Martinez, P., T., D., Maranhão, Pereira, Jacinto, I., T., Bertocci, Wernberg, N., J. Franco, 804-819 Phycology of Journal Rhodophyta). Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae, African South the within diversity increased reveals systematics J(2017)R. Molecular T. &Anderson, G. Mandiwana-Neudani, L., Mattio, J., J. Bolton, C., Francis, Reports Scientific cuvier. Galeocerdo shark tiger the predator, marine alarge of role trophic G(2017) M. The &Meekan, J. Meeuwig, R., Nowicki, J., D., Vaudo, Burkholder, G., J. Pepperell, J., A. Frisch, M., L. Zamora, J., B. Holmes, G., K. Abrantes, A., Barnett, R., M. Heithaus, M., Thums, C., L. Ferreira, 55-62. Biology Comparative and Integrative Acidification. Ocean to Susceptible Less are Environments High-Risk from Fish Prey CO2 waters: High in D. P(2017) Predation P. Munday, G., M. &Chivers, L. Meekan, S-A., Watson, I., M. O., McCormick, C. M. Ferrari, Geotechnique mudmats. of resistance horizontal-torsional undrained the for solution S (2017) analytical An F. M. &Gourvenec, Randolph, X., Feng, 135: 221-235 Engineering Ocean loading. directional multi- under foundations mudmat of capacity undrained on effects Shape Z(2017) &Shen, S. Gourvenec, X., Feng,

Australia Western of University The . 7(1) . 43 (7) . 164 (8) . 164 s. 7(1)s. . (67)4: 325-337 325-337 . (67)4: . 53 (4):. 53 . 57(1) . 44 (2) 260-277 260-277 (2) 44 Review History engagement. Oral The marine of subjectivities and history Oral me”: for abalone for …looking dolphins J(2017) had “I’ve &McCann, A. Gaynor, History Urban of Journal 1890-1925 Scarcity, and Gardens, Supply, Water Perth: A(2017)Gaynor, Lawnscaping Perspectives RCC Park. National Range Stirling The Nature: A(2017)Gaynor, Engtangled 27. Vol. 44-53 Engineers, Polar and Offshore of Society International Symposium Mechanics Offshore Pacific-Asia ISOPE 12th the of Proceedings Engineering: Polar and Offshore of Journal International structures. floating for design anchor in advances S(2017) D. &Chow, Y., Recent Wang, Tian, D., C. O’Loughlin, J., M. Cassidy, C., Gaudin, 1 Vol. &Sons, Wiley John States: Y. United (eds.). Engineering Offshore and Marine of Encyclopaedia systems. foundation of modeling C(2017) Physical &O’Loughlin, C. Gaudin, Mechanics Ship Xue/Journal of Li Bo Chuan Distribution. Energy on Based Wave Freak Deterministic of Simulation X(2017)Li, Numerical & W. H. Zhao, M., J. Yang, B., N. Gao, Scientific Reports fishes. demersal of suitability niche environmental and distribution the of predictions spatial for methods survey video remote two S(2017) E. Comparing &Harvey, K. S. T., B. Wilson, Radford, R., Galaiduk, Distributions and Diversity a hotspot. climate change within located communities fish temperate endemic highly of drivers environmental scale S(2017) E. Regional- &Harvey, H. C. Moore, T., B. Radford, R., A. Halford, R., Galaiduk, 151-160 (1). Oecologia water. locate to sound use (2017) M., Tuned roots in: plant &Renton, M. Depczynski, M., Grimonprez, M., Gagliano, . 21 (12): 1449-1459. 21 . Chung, J. S. (ed.) 1 ed. 1ed. (ed.) S. J. . Chung, . Carlton, J., Jukes, P. & Sang, C. P. C. Jukes, J., &Sang, . Carlton, . 2: 81-88 . 2: . . 7(11) . 23 (11). 23 1256-1267 . . 184 . 184

or biomass. length abundance, than pressure fishing in changes to indicator sensitive a more is D(2017) wariness S. &Jupiter, Fish K. S. T. Wilson, J., Langlois, J., Claudet, A., F. Januchowski-Hartley, S., J. Goetze, 3451-3460 Oceans C: Research Geophysical of Journal change. morphologic zone surf and canyon offshore an between linkages T. C(2017) &Lippmann, H. J. Physical List, Elgar, S., B., Raubenheimer, E., J. Hansen, 71-88 3(1) Performance Vehicle of Journal International loads. planar general for theory capacity bearing using forces wheel Predicting P. J. A(2017)Hambleton, S. &Stanier, Assessment and Monitoring Environmental Lanka. Sri River, Kelani of a model quality: water river of management the and pollution R (2017) Industrial &Pandit, A. Hailu, B., White, S., M. E. Wijeratne, A., Gunawardena, 1701-1717 62(4) Limnology and Oceanography variations. and temperature diel extreme to subject platform reef a tide-dominated of (2017) &Falter, J. L J. R. Lowe, R., Gruber, 787-795 p. 2, Vol. Technology, Underwater for Society Kingdom: United 2017 Proceedings Conference Geotechnics and Investigation Site Offshore capacity. foundation shallow subsea of assessment J(2017) &Chen, Whole-life M. Banimahd, N., D., Morgan, White, S., Stanier, S., Gourvenec, Engineer Offshore afterlife? S(2017) or life of End Gourvenec, Marine Policy Guatemala. in governance of and coastal marine analysis sea”: Acritical the to backs our with “Living (2017) J &Clifton, J. M. Gonzalez-Bernat, 123-134 209: Acta Cosmochimica et Geochimica corals. juvenile reared aquaria in concentrations barium aragonite and water between A(2017) M. Relationship &Charette, M. T. DeCarlo, L., A. Cohen, E., M. Gonneea, 1178-1189 . 189 (9) . 189 Ecological Applications Ecological . 42 (5): 36-38 . 81: 9-20 9-20 . 81: . . 122 (4) . 122 . 27 (4) . . . PUBLICATIONS

Hanson, C., Woo, L., Thomson, P. & Hossain, M. S., Stainforth, R., Ngo, V. T., Jiang, H., Cheng, L., Draper, S. & An, H (2017) Pattiaratchi, C (2017) Observing the Cassidy, M. J., Kim, Y. H. & Jun, M. J (2017) Three-dimensional wake transition for a Ocean with Gliders: Techniques for Data Experimental investigation on the effect circular cylinder near a moving wall. Journal Visualization and Analysis. Oceanography. of spudcan shape on spudcan-footprint of Fluid Mechanics. 818: 260-287 30 (92) 222-227 interaction. Applied Ocean Research. 69: Jiang, H., Cheng, L., Draper, S. & An, H (2017) 65-75 Harb Carraro, J. A (2017) Analysis of simple Two- and three-dimensional instabilities in shear tests with cell pressure confinement. Hu, P. & Cassidy, M. J (2017) Predicting jack- the wake of a circular cylinder near a moving Geomechanics and Geoengineering. 12(3): up spudcan installation in sand overlying wall. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 812: 169-18012 stiff clay. Ocean Engineering. 146: 246-256 435-462

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oceans.uwa.edu.auuwa.edu.au 91 PUBLICATIONS 92 5622.0001246 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943- of Geomechanics Journal International seabed. clay soft on apipeline of envelope failure loading combined the on tension of Effect (2018). J. M. T., Y.,Zhou, &Cassidy, Tian, https://doi.org/10.2495/AFM180061 WITPress. 51-60). pp. 120, (Vol. XII Mechanics Fluid in (Eds.), Advances Skerget &L. Ravnik, J. Hernandez, S. In oscillation. forced under cylinder square inclined an around field flow of investigation Experimental Y. &Lu, T., (2018). X., Zhou, Lou, 10.1080/10106049.2018.1474272 Geocarto International tree. classification the in thresholds modifying by farms macroalgal of mapping sensing (2018). J. &Wu, Z., Remote Lou, D., Li, J., Chen, M., C. Y., Duarte, Zheng, GT.1943-5606.0001820 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) [04018001]. Engineering Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical of Journal stiff-soft-stiffclay. in resistance penetration spudcan Estimating D. (2018). &Wang, S., M. Hossain, J., Zheng, 709. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0667 Journal Geotechnical Canadian clay. in installed being caissons stiffened inside heave soil of (2018).S. Behavior M. Y., Hu, &Hossain, M., Zhou, Z., Zhao, jfluidstructs.2018.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. 59-76. 80, Structures Fluids of and reciprocity. Journal and analysis —NewWave scale laboratory at resonance gap excited wave random in damping Taylor, viscous (2018). E. Linear R. W., & Taylor,Zhao, A., H. P. Wolgamot, H., org/10.1017/jfm.2018.186 Fluid Mechanics of Journal waves. free-surface external and barge of a roll tanks, in sloshing fluid between coupling nonlinear and linear Taylor, (2018).& Eatock R. Identifying W., Taylor,Zhao, A., H. P. Wolgamot, H.,

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