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Tripsacum Spp.: Un Recurso Forrajero Nativo, Relegado En México Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México José Francisco VILLANUEVA – ÁVALOS, Ph. D. Investigador en Pastizales y Cultivos Forrajeros Campo Experimental “Santiago Ixcuintla” INIFAP Adrián Raymundo QUERO – CARRILLO, Ph. D. Profesor - Investigador en Forrajes y Producción Animal Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo-Ganadería Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Centro de Investigación Regional Pacífico Centro Campo Experimental Santiago Ixcuintla Mayo de 2015 Libro Técnico No. 4, ISBN: 978-607-37-0432-8 Tripsacum spp.: CONTENIDO Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación, ni la LISTA DE CUADROS ......................................................................... V transmisión de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, LISTA DE FIGURAS .......................................................................... VI fotocopia, por registro u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y por escrito a la Institución. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................... 1 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Objetivo ................................................................................. 3 Progreso Núm. 5, Colonia Barrio de Santa Catarina Nombre Común .......................................................................3 Delegación Coyoacán CP: 04010. México, D.F. Generalidades del Género Tripsacum L. (L) .............................4 Tel. (55) 3871 8700 Clasificación Taxonómica de Tripsacum spp. ...........................7 Primera edición 2015 Clasificación Subgenérica y Especies ......................................7 Impreso en México Descripción Botánica .............................................................11 Printed in México Origen Genético y Arribo ......................................................13 ISBN: 978-607-37-0432-8 Citología y Tipo Reproductivo ................................................17 Libro Técnico Núm. 4, mayo de 2015 Nichos Ecológicos en México .................................................21 CAMPO EXPERIMENTAL SANTIAGO IXCUINTLA – INIFAP. Km. 2 Entronque Carr. Santiago Ixcuintla con Carr. Internacional México ― Estrategia de Propagación y Dominancia Ecológica ...............26 Nogales. Apdo. Postal 100. Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit. C.P. 63300, México. Tel. Ventajas y Desventajas de su Utilización ...............................29 (323) 235-2031; Fax: (323) 235-0710; (311) 216-7012 Dispersión Natural .................................................................30 Esta publicación se terminó de imprimir el mes de mayo del 2015 en Talleres Gráficos de Prometeo Editores S.A. de C. V., Libertad 1457, Col. Americana, Establecimiento .....................................................................31 Guadalajara, Jalisco. C.P. 44160. Tel. (33) 3826-2726 Comportamiento Agronómico ...............................................33 Su tiraje consta de 500 ejemplares Producción y Calidad Forrajera ..............................................36 Impreso en México - Printed in México Persistencia Bajo Pastoreo .....................................................42 La cita completa de esta obra es: Comportamiento Animal .......................................................45 Villanueva – Ávalos, J. F. y A. R. Quero – Carrillo. 2015. Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso Producción de Semilla ...........................................................46 forrajero nativo, relegado en México. INIFAP – CIRPAC. Campo Experimental Santiago Ixcuintla. Libro Técnico Núm. 4. Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit, México. 78 p. Demanda de Nutrientes ........................................................50 Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México III CONTENIDO LISTA DE CUADROS ......................................................................... V LISTA DE FIGURAS .......................................................................... VI INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................... 1 Objetivo ................................................................................. 3 Nombre Común .......................................................................3 Generalidades del Género Tripsacum L. (L) .............................4 Clasificación Taxonómica de Tripsacum spp. ...........................7 Clasificación Subgenérica y Especies ......................................7 Descripción Botánica .............................................................11 Origen Genético y Arribo ......................................................13 Citología y Tipo Reproductivo ................................................17 Nichos Ecológicos en México .................................................21 Estrategia de Propagación y Dominancia Ecológica ...............26 Ventajas y Desventajas de su Utilización ...............................29 Dispersión Natural .................................................................30 Establecimiento .....................................................................31 Comportamiento Agronómico ...............................................33 Producción y Calidad Forrajera ..............................................36 Persistencia Bajo Pastoreo .....................................................42 Comportamiento Animal .......................................................45 Producción de Semilla ...........................................................46 Demanda de Nutrientes ........................................................50 Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México III Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México III Efectos de su Dominancia ......................................................52 LISTA DE CUADROS Plagas y Problemas Potenciales .............................................53 Cuadro Página Experiencias Regionales con Tripsacum spp. .........................59 Necesidades para su Aprovechamiento .................................61 1 RELACIÓN DE TAXONES DEL GÉNERO Tripsacum EN AMÉRICA. �������������������������������������������������������� 8 La Investigación de Tripsacum en México ..............................62 2 NÚMERO CROMOSÓMICO EN 16 ESPECIES DEL Comentarios Finales ..............................................................64 GÉNERO Tripsacum. ���������������������������������������������� 18 CONCLUSIONES ...........................................................................65 3 ALTURA (cm) DE PLANTAS DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum A TRAVÉS DE CINCO ÉPOCAS DE LITERATURA CITADA ...................................................................67 EVALUACIÓN� �������������������������������������������������������� 35 4 COBERTURA BASAL (m2) DE PLANTAS DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum A TRAVÉS DE CINCO ÉPOCAS DE EVALUACIÓN� ����������������������������������� 36 5 COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO1 Y CALIDAD2 DEL FORRAJE DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum. 39 6 PRODUCCIÓN DE FORRAJE Y CONSUMO DE NUTRIENTES DE SEIS GRAMÍNEAS DE CLIMA CÁLIDO. ����������������������������������������������������������������� 51 IV Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México V IV Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México LISTA DE CUADROS Cuadro Página 1 RELACIÓN DE TAXONES DEL GÉNERO Tripsacum EN AMÉRICA. �������������������������������������������������������� 8 2 NÚMERO CROMOSÓMICO EN 16 ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO Tripsacum. ���������������������������������������������� 18 3 ALTURA (cm) DE PLANTAS DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum A TRAVÉS DE CINCO ÉPOCAS DE EVALUACIÓN� �������������������������������������������������������� 35 4 COBERTURA BASAL (m2) DE PLANTAS DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum A TRAVÉS DE CINCO ÉPOCAS DE EVALUACIÓN� ����������������������������������� 36 5 COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO1 Y CALIDAD2 DEL FORRAJE DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Tripsacum. 39 6 PRODUCCIÓN DE FORRAJE Y CONSUMO DE NUTRIENTES DE SEIS GRAMÍNEAS DE CLIMA CÁLIDO. ����������������������������������������������������������������� 51 Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México V Tripsacum spp.: Un recurso forrajero nativo, relegado en México V LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura Página 1 Plantas de tres especies de Tripsacum (dactyloides, maizar y dactyloides, respectivamente) colectados en el estado de Nayarit, México. Foto: Banco de Germoplasma del Sitio Experimental “El Verdineño”, Agosto de 2014. ..................................................... 4 2 Racimos de T. intermedium (A), T. dactyloides (B) (www.portraitsofwildflowers.files.wordpress.com) y T. floridanum (C) (www.flickr.com) con espiguillas femeninas (pistiladas) y masculinas (estaminadas) en antesis, dispuestas en la parte basal y terminal de la inflorescencia. ........................................................ 6 3 Cariópside (A) y propágulos de T. dactyloides (B) y T. andersonii (C) (www.tropicalforages.info) y sus semejanza con semilla de Zea diploperennis (D) (http://alanbishop.proboards.com). ........................ 12 4 Plantas de Teosintle, Maíz y Tripsacum con sus respectivos racimos y frutos. ................................... 14 5 Distribución natural de Tripsacum dactyloides a nivel mundial. Tomado de: http://www.discoverlife.org /mp. ...................................................................... 16 6 Distribución natural de Tripsacum
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