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Djela Jurja Ĉulinovića U National Gallery U Londonu

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Djela Jurja Ĉulinovića U National Gallery U Londonu SVEUĈILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET Odsjek za povijest umjetnosti Diplomski rad DJELA JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA U NATIONAL GALLERY U LONDONU Antonija Bratković Mentor: dr. sc. Tanja Trška, v. asist. ZAGREB, 2018. Temeljna dokumentacijska kartica Sveuĉilište u Zagrabu Diplomski rad Filozofski fakultet Odsjek za povijest umjetnosti Diplomski studij DJELA JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA U NATIONAL GALLERY U LONDONU Juraj Ĉulinović's paintings in National Gallery in London Antonija Bratković Juraj Ĉulinović renesansni je slikar petnaestog stoljeća hrvatskog podrijetla koji se školovao u radionici Francesca Squarcionea u Padovi. U ovom radu detaljno su obraĊena dva njegova djela: poliptih iz crkve sv. Nikole u Padovi i Bogorodica s Djetetom. Oba djela ĉuvaju se u National Gallery u Londonu. Neposredan uvid u djela, koja se nalaze u depo Galerije i nisu lako dostupna istraţivaĉima, stvorio je priliku za njihovu temeljitu obradu te otvorio vrata nekim novim interpretacijama. U istraţivanju i izradi diplomskog rada korišteno je nekoliko povjesnoumjetniĉkim metoda: autopsija prilikom uvida u djela u depou National Gallery te formalna, ikonografska i komparativna analiza. Osim toga, pregledani su i obraĊeni i arhivski te muzejski podaci koji se ĉuvaju u Research Centeru National Gallery u fondu National Gallery Archivea radi što detaljnijeg i sveobuhvatnije analize oba djela. Ĉulinovićev poliptih iz crkve sv. Nikole u Padovi preko Edinburgha i Pariza, 1860. godine dolazi u zbirku National Gallery u Londonu. Ovaj poliptih sadrţi deset slikanih polja s prikazima svetaca, Imago pietatis te Bogorodice s Djetetom. Svi prikazi nalaze se na pozlaćenoj pozadini te su vješto slikarski izvedeni. Ne postoje zapisi o izvornom izgledu poliptiha, kao ni o okviru u koji su slikana polja bila smještena, što otvara mogućnost raznih interpretacija razmještaja slikanih polja o kojima se u radu raspravlja. Uz to, postoje i razna nagaĊanja oko identifikacije starije svetice s palmom i knjigom, prikazane na jedom od polja. Slikarska rješenja za mnoge od prikaza Ĉulinović pronalazi u radovima umjetnika sjevernotalijanskog kruga. Slika Bogorodica s Djetetom bogato je dekoriran prikaz dopojasno prikazane Bogorodice tipiĉan za padovansku školu. Bogorodica i Dijete na ovoj su slici smješteni su u iluzionirani arhitektonski okviru urešen antikizirajućim motivima u donatelijanskoj tradiciji. Cijeli prikaz pun je vjerskih simbola koji kroz vegetabilne i ţivotinjske motive komuniciraju s promatraĉem-vjernikom. Osim simbola, na slici su prikazana i dva slova, »A« i »P« ĉije znaĉenje već godinama intrigira istraţivaĉe. Rad je pohranjen u: knjiţnici Filozofskog fakulteta Sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu Rad sadrţi: 106 stranica, 74 reprodukcije, jedan prilog. Izvornik je na hrvatskom jeziku. Kljuĉne rijeĉi: Juraj Ĉulinović, National Gallery u Londonu, poliptih iz crkve sv. Nikole u Padovi, Bogorodica s Djetetom, renesansa Mentor: dr. sc. Tanja Trška, v. asist., Filozofski fakultet Sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu Ocjenjivaĉi: dr. sc. Sanja Cvetnić, red. prof., Filozofski fakultet Sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu dr. sc. Danko Šourek, doc., Filozofski fakultet Sveuĉilišta u Zagrebu Datum prijave rada: Datum predaje rada: Datum obrane rada: Ocjena: SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. JURAJ ĈULINOVIĆ - biografski podaci i povijesno-umjetniĉki okvir stvaranja .......................... 3 2.1. GRAD ŠIBENIK I NJEGOV RENESANSNI UMJETNIĈKI KRUG PETNAESTOG STOLJEĆA ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1. SLIKARSKA DJELATNOST U ŠIBENIKU PETNAESTOG STOLJEĆA .................... 4 2.1.2. PRVI PODATCI O SLIKARSKOJ DJELATNOSTI JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA .................. 6 2.2. PADOVANSKI SLIKARSKI KRUG PETNAESTOG STOLJEĆA ....................................... 7 2.2.1. FRANCESCO SQUARCIONE I NJEGOVA SLIKARSKA RADIONICA ...................... 8 2.2.2. JURAJ ĈULINOVIĆ U PADOVI ................................................................................... 10 2.3. ĈULINOVIĆEV POVRATAK U DALMACIJU ................................................................... 11 2.4. POTPISANA, DOKUMENTIRANA I PRIPISANA DJELA JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA .......... 15 3. POLIPTIH JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA IZ CRKVE SV. NIKOLE U PADOVI .................................. 16 3.1. OSVRT NA LITERATURU O POLIPTIHU .......................................................................... 16 3.2. FORMALNA ANALIZA POLIPTIHA ................................................................................. 24 3.3. IKONOGRAFSKA ANALIZA POLIPTIHA ......................................................................... 52 3.4. KOMPARATIVNI PRIMJERI ................................................................................................ 57 3.5. PROVENIJENCIJA DJELA .................................................................................................. 64 3.5.1. PADOVA .......................................................................................................................... 64 3.5.2. NARUĈITELJI ĈULINOVIĆEVOG POLIPTIHA ........................................................ 66 3.5.3. EDINBURGH .................................................................................................................. 67 3.5.4. PARIZ I LONDON .......................................................................................................... 69 3.6. RAZMJEŠTAJ SLIKANIH POLJA POLIPTIHA .................................................................. 69 4. BOGORODICA S DJETETOM JURJA ĈULINOVIĆA IZ NATIONAL GALLERY U LONDONU ........................................................................................................................................ 78 4.1. OSVRT NA LITERATURU O SLICI BOGORODICA S DJETETOM .................................. 78 4.2. FORMALNA ANALIZA SLIKE BOGORODICA S DJETETOM ......................................... 81 4.3. IKONOGRAFSKA ANALIZA SLIKE BOGORODICA S DJETETOM ............................... 86 4.4. KOMPARATIVNI PRIMJERI ................................................................................................ 87 5. ZAKLJUĈAK ................................................................................................................................ 90 6. PRILOZI ........................................................................................................................................ 93 7. POPIS ARHIVSKIH IZVORA I LITERATURE........................................................................... 95 8. POPIS SLIKOVNIH PRILOGA .................................................................................................... 99 9. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 106 1. UVOD Juraj Ĉulinović (Skradin, 1433./ 1436.- Šibenik, 1504.) slikar je hrvatskog podrijetla ĉija se djela danas mogu pronaći u mnogim svjetskim muzejima poput National Gallery u Londonu, Muzeju Jacquemart-André u Parizu, Pinacoteci Sabauda u Torinu, Museu Correr u Veneciji, Galeriji Walters u Baltimoreu i mnogim drugim cijenjenim umjetniĉkim institucijama. U ovom radu fokus je na dva djela koja se ĉuvaju u National Gallery u Londonu, odnoso na poliptihu iz crkve sv. Nikole u Padovi i slici Bogorodice s Djetetom koja se trenutno oba nalaze u depou Galerije. U istraţivanju i izradi diplomskoga rada korišteno je više povijesnoumjetniĉkih metoda, poĉevši od autopsije oba djela u depou National Gallery u Londonu. Autopsija je napravljena je prilikom uvida u djela u depou National Gallery. Osim neposrednog kontakta s djelom te formalne analize, istraţivanje se temeljilo i na ikonografskoj i komparativnoj analizi. Uz to, pregledani su i obraĊeni arhivski podaci i muzejska dokumnetacija koji se ĉuvaju u Research Centru National Gallery u Londonu u fondu National Gallery Archive. Oba djela vjerojatno su nastala za vrijeme Ĉulinovićevog boravka u Padovi u radionici Francesca Squarcionea od 1456. do 1461. godine. Ĉulinović u Squarcioneovu radionicu dolazi 1456. godine iz Šibenika. Nakon prvotnih utjecaja šibenskog renesansnog kruga u kojem u to vrijeme dominira umjetniĉka figura Jurja Dalmatinca, odlazi na školovanje u Padovu. Radionica Francesca Squarcionea već je tada bila na dobrom glasu jer su iz nje izašli slikari poput Andree Mantegne i Marca Zoppa. Istraţivaĉi smatraju kako je upravo u ovom poticajnom okruţenju sjevernotalijanskog kruga quattrocenta Ĉulinović naslikao svoja najbolja djela. 1 Poliptih iz crkve sv. Nikole u Padovi naruĉen je kao dio ureĊenja kapele sv. Bernardina Sijenskog pod patronatom obitelji Roberti. Ţenidbenim vezama kapela u XVII. stoljeću potpada pod patronat obitelji Frigimelica te poliptih biva premješten u obiteljsku palaĉu. Nakon toga pisani tragovi spominju ga u Edinburghu u zbirci Jamesa Johnstona od Straitona, a na aukciji 1855. godine prelazi u zbirku Jamesa Dennistouna od Dennistouna. Nakon toga se spominje u zbirci Edmonda Beaucousina koju 1860. godine kupuje National Gallery u Londonu gdje se i danas nalazi.2 Poliptih se sastoji od deset slikanih polja od kojih središnje prikazuje Bogorodicu s Djetetom na prijestolju. Osim ovog prikaza, poliptih ĉine još i polje s prikazom Imago pietatis te ĉetiri 1 Usp poglavlje Juraj Ĉulinović – biografski padaci i povijesno-umjetniĉki okvir stvaranja 2 Usp. poglavlje Provenijencija djela 1 polja s prikazima svetaca u punoj visini
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