MANAGEMENT PLAN OF “PORTO PALERMO-LLAMANI BAY” PROTECTED AREA IN ALBANIA The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA.

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Copyright: © 2015 - RAC/SPA

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For bibliographic purposes, this volume may be cited as: RAC/SPA - UNEP-MAP, 2015. Management Plan of “Porto-Palermo-Llamani Bay” Protected Area in Albania. By Zamir DEDEJ, Genti KROMIDHA and Nihat DRAGOTI. Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis: 84 p + annexes.

Layout: Zine El Abidine MAHJOUB and Asma KHERIJI.

Cover photo credit: Audimage. Photos credits : INCA and Audimage.

This document has been elaborated within the framework of the Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of Mediterranean MPAs Creation and Management (MedMPAnet Project).

The MedMPAnet Project is implemented in the framework of the UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership, with the financial support of EC, AECID and FFEM. Management Plan of “PORTO PALERMO- LLAMANI BAY” Protected Area in Albania

Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of MPA creation and management Management Plan of “PORTO PALERMO-LLAMANI BAY” Protected Area 2 in albania Nihat DRAGOTI, Protected Areas atINCA(Albania) Expert Genti KROMIDHA, Protected Areas managementexpert/President ofINCA(Albania) Zamir DEDEJ, Senior Marine biologist,General Director atNational AgencyofProtected Areas (Albania) MoU Nº04/MedMPAnet/2013 Reference ofthestudy: study: Scientific responsible ofthe Atef LIMAM, MedMPAnet Project, RAC/SPA Souha ELASMI,MedMPAnet Project, RAC/SPA ofthestudy: In charge 1080 Tunis- TunisiaCedex B.P. 337 Boulevard duLeader Yasser Arafat Regional Activity Centre forSpecially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Study required andfinanced by:

UNDP for their contribution in the latest part ofthestudy.UNDP fortheircontributioninthelatestpart Mediterranean Region (MedMPAnet Project). We alsothank totheCreationsupport andManagement ofMPAs inthe Protected Mediterranean Areas Network (MPAs) through the Regional Project fortheDevelopment ofMarine andCoastal of “Pilot Project in Albania” within the framework of RAC/SPA - UNEP/MAP, who backupthe development Directorate ofBiodiversity andProtected Areas. Implementation ofPriorities andrelevant staffofthe Director General ofEnvironmental Policies and marine-coastal area oftheBay ofPorto Palermo-Llamani. providedsupport for drafting the Management Plan on who contributedtothecollectionofdata,informationand interest, NGOs, civilsocietyandotherrelated stakeholders fromindividuals and experts all institutions, groups of (INCA) expresses its acknowledgement to the authorities, Ack W S The I no pecial thanks go to the Ministry of Environment, pecial thanksgo to the Ministry e extend our gratitude to the representatives of nstitute forNatural inAlbania Conservation w le dg ement s

pr institutions. of theForest Directorate Service of Vlora andotherlocal District Councilof Vlora, Himara Municipality, personnel economic analysisandstudyontourismdevelopment”. thank Thanas Goga and Franka Paloka for the“Socio- Porto Palermo andsurrounding areas” andwe simultaneously Gaçe, Xhemal Mato forthe“Ecological Study oftheBay of thank Prof. LefterKashta,Prof. Dr. Sajmir Beqiraj, Arjan in the final deliberation of the management plan. We also interest ofthatprotected area forthecontributionprovided of theNetwork forNature andallgroups of Conservation environmental associations,especially“Adriatic”, beingpart oduction ofmapsincludedinthismanagementplan. F W O urther, we thankMsc. Valbona n locallevel, we wouldliketothankthe e express ourgratitudeforthecivilsociety, S imixhi forthe

Acknowledgements 3 4 Abbreviations & Acronyms UNDP SPMCPA SIEF SAC REA RAC/SPA PAMC PAA PA NUCI NTPA NTC NP NGO NCA MUDT MTI MP MoE MoD MoC MME MedMPAnet MCPA MARDWA LSPAMI IUCN INCA IMOC IMCPACME ICPA GNP GLP FSD EU EN ECS DFSS DFSD DCM DBPA CITES BSAP BC A

bbre

v

iation M M M M M List ofS I I I I I G G F E E E D D D D Conv B B U S S S R R P P P N N N N N N M M M M M nternational Union ofNature forConservation nstitute forNature inAlbania Conservation nter-institutional Maritime Operational Center mprovement ofMCPA Coverage andManagement Effectiveness nternational Convention forProtected Areas trategic Plan forMarine andCoastalProtected Areas tate Inspectorate ofEnvironment andForesty and Waters pecial Area ofConservation orest Directorate Service rotected Area Management Committee rotected Area Administration rotected Area uropean Union cological Network nvironmental Cross-cutting Strategy iodiversity Strategy andAction Plan iodiversity Convention egional Environmental Agency egional Activity Centre forSpecially Protected Areas nited Nations Development Programme eneral National Plan eneral LocalPlan ational Urban Inspectorate Construction ational Territorial Planning Agency ational TerritoryCouncil ature Park on-Governmental Organization ational CoastalAgency istrict Forest Section Service istrict Forest Directorate Service irectorate ofBiodiversity andProtected Areas ecision ofCouncilMinisters onitoring ofManagement Effectiveness editerranean Marine Protected Areas Network inistry ofUrbaninistry Development and Tourism of inistry Transport andInfrastructure anagement Plan ofEnvironment inistry ofDefense inistry ofCultureinistry arine andCoastalProtected Area ofAgriculture, Ruralinistry Development and Water Administration ention onInternational Trade inEndangered Species of Wild Flora andFauna pecially Protected Areas ofMediterranean Importance s & Acs ronym s ANNEXES VI. REFERENCES V. MONITORING ANDASSESSMENT OFMANAGEMENT IV. FINANCIAL PLAN 3.4.Action Plan 3.3.Management Aations 3.2.Definition ofmanagement zones 3.1.3.Short termmanagement objectives 3.1.2.Programs andlong-termmanagementobjectives 3.1.1. Vision 3.1. Vision andobjectives III. PROTECTED AREAMANAGEMENT 2.3.Threat Assessment 2.2.Assessmentofinstitutionalframework 2.1.3.Cultural values 2.1.2.Socio-economic values. 2.1.1.Ecological values...... 2.1.Assessmentofvalues II. ASSESSMENTOF THE PROTECTED AREAANDINSTITUTIONALFRAMEWORK 1.9.Description oftheculturallandscapeandheritage. 1.8.Current andplannedgovernance structure. 1.7.Description ofsocio-economicsystem,includinglandownership...... 1.6.Description ofProtected Areas natural system 1.5.Institutional structuring 1.4.Policy andlegalframework 1.3.LegalstatusofProtected Areas 1.2.Location 1.1.MCPA selectioncriteria I. DESCRIPTIONOFMARINEANDCOASTAL PROTECTED AREA(MCPA) 5.Plan timeschedule 4.Plan objective 3. Who theplanrefers to? 2.Description ofthemanagementplanframework 1.Description oftheelaborationManagement Plan (MP) INTRODUCTION 6.Monitoring andassessmentofmanagement 5.Area divisionandmanagement 4. Vision andgoalsfortheMarine andCoastalProtected Area (MCPA) 3.Major threats 2. 1.Ov SUMMARY T able Values erview anddescriptionofMarine andCoastalProtectederview Areas (MCPA) ......

o ...... f ...... Content ...... s ...... 83 77 71 49 39 23 17 64 57 54 50 49 49 49 45 45 44 44 39 39 36 35 34 32 30 28 26 24 23 20 19 19 18 17 14 13 13 12 12 9 9

Table of Contents 5 6 L ists of tABLEs and Maps MAP 4:Zoning ofProtected «Porto Areas territory Palermo-Llamani Bay» MAP 3:Main Protected Areas seahabitats ofprotected area «Porto-Palermo-LlamaniMAP 2:Landuseoftheterritory Bay» MAP 1:Protected area «Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay» L Table 10:“Follow-Up oftheEffectiveness ofthe Management of PA Management Plan” Table 9:Budget by Programs: Table 8:Main Management Actions Table 7:Zoning ofProtected Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” Table 6:Management Zones Table 5:ListofHabitat Types inPorto Palermo Table 4:Role ofStakeholders intheManagement ofNatural Resources andEcosystem Services Table 3:Brief Description oftheMain Restrictions ofManagement ofProtected Areas Table 2:Comparisonofdefinitions Protected Areas Management Categories Table 1:LandUse withintheProtected Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” L i i s s t t

o o f f M table ap s s © RAC/SPA, Audimage 7 8 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA (1) Qeparo). Pilur, Kudhës, Qeparo andQeparo-Fushë (previous of part of Dhërmi), Vuno, Ilias (previous of part Vuno), Himarë, with 10 villages:Palasa, Dhermi, Gjileka (previous part straight lengthof22km. imara liesalongtheIonian coastofAlbania of LlogaraPass toQeparo Mountain insoutheast,witha ofthecountry,southwestern part from theextreme south (local name of Himara is the Coast). It is situated in the and 1. Overview and Description of Marine S is highlycommon.There are alsosmaller karsticfieldsand belongs tokarsticformsand processes. Thistypeof relief Llaman Bay, beach. whichhasformedawonderful (Korami) flows into Potam, whilethe Dry Stream flows into deposit largeamountsofvarious materials.Buçi Stream have corrosive effectswhentheymove down totheseaand and narrow shapedgorgesandcanyons. Mountain streams present andhave broken through therocky soil,formingdeep flow; theyhavetemporary watersaslongtherainsare waters ofmountainstreams. Most ofthesestreams have Mountain (578m). also twomountains: Vërriu Mountain (547m)andQyteza 700- 900m.In andaround themountainousarea there are West tosomelimestonehillsataheightfrom 200-300mto in someplacesthesurrounding mountainsdescendtothe The relief of is mostly mountainous but Himara territory landscape. Tectonic processes inHimara are presently active. and tectoniccomplicationsare reflected inthecharacterof complex anddiversified environment. Significant geological the bestqualitiesforasustainabletourism. coastline fullofcontrastsandnaturalbeauties,Himara has beaches nearby have atotalofsome11km.Having along rocky coastandclefts is about26 km, whilethe gravel gravel beaches.Thetotallengthofcoastline, of wonderful cliffs above thesea,togetherwithmanybaysinform a totalofabout37km.It ishigh,rocky, withsteepvertical snaking shapecoastline,whichwithitscapesandbays,has Prof. M. UMMARY H H H A v H H K a imara relief anddividedby theflowing isrugged imara geographical imara Region consistsofHimara town along imara territory isdistinguishedby ageological imara territory C bo, in ‘Himara ery important placeintherelief important ofHimaraery oastal Protectedoastal Areas (M C enturies’, Tirana 2004. 1 landscapeconsistsofa C PA) its southernside. beaches forvisitors.Submarine watersources are foundin brought by Stream. the Dry It is one of the most favourite nice gravel beach.It isformedby gravel andpebblymaterials meters highisformed.The rest ofthecoasthasshapeda very rocky, especiallythesouthernone,where anabyss about30 and beachliesabout3kmsouthofHimara. Its sidesare banks are modifiedbasedontheseaactivity. Llamanibay coastlines orgreat depth. numerous baysofhorseshoeorarch shape,withhighrocky Panorma cape.Capesare surrounded by water, creating in South Panorma, and St. Demetrios (Suga) southeastof Palermo) andinmanyotherplacesofHimara. lie eastofHimara, inLeraPass (between LlamanandPorto areas nearKolza Hill Hill (552m),Qyteza (578m),which under thesamename. as Panorma famouscliffatthehighest pointofthecape from 50-60 m, and in several cases up to 115 m deep, such ofArmeridhaBay. part caves unthenorthern and St. Nicholas Bay. There are submarinewatersources and ArmeridhaBaypeninsula dividesthebayintotwoparts: shaped smallrocky headlandnamedPeninsula Castle.The ofAliPashacastle wasbuiltundertherule inapeninsula- area ofabout2km,whiletheentrance widthis1.5km.A bay ofalltheIonian coastlineofAlbania.It covers aground times, isthemosttypical,beautifulandmajestic the seaabout1km,formingdeepgorgesrangingupto115m. rocky peninsula,withalmostaround shape.It liesdown into formed several metershigh.Panorma Cape appears as asmall Its topgoessmoothlysmalleratsea,althoughsteepsidesare It isdirected toward southandextended1.5-2.5kmtoseaarea. Bay. Kavadoni CapeisoneofthelargestcapesIonic coastline. of thebayare alsothree ofLlaman smallbaysandcapes,part forming steep rifts, around which the sea has great depths. Parts distinguished inthemountainousarea. It isatotallyrocky area, (Prato), whichisinthesouthofNiqifori Cape(Mësuni) are and theiroverall direction issouthwest andsouth.AlpuniCape capes ofHimara coastare several hundred metersintothesea the rocky capes andbays,deepgorgesgravel beaches.The K The shor P B The lastcapesofH alermo Bay (Porto Palermo), known sinceancient ays are formedby tectonicsubsidence,buttheir ey morphological elements of Himara coast are es are rocky andwithsteepslopesranging imara coastare Spinarasi Cape 9 SUMMARY 10 SUMMARY usually occursinthefirsthalfofspring. a yearly occurrence withanaverage of5-7daysperyear. Hail fall minutes ofthunderandlightningweather conditions.Hail fallis is usually associated with heavy evaporation, accompanied by few characterized by 4-5% of totalannualrainfalls. Summer rainfall % oftheirtotalannualamount.Three summermonthsare distribution. From October toMarch rainfalls are about80 (seasonal)ofrainfallinHimaraperformance istheiruneven Average rainfallis some1442mmperyear. Annualcharacteristic rainfalls, mainlyinthe form of rain,whilesnow rare. is very and more rarely from wells openedingravel layers deposited and lands. Waters comefrom underground karsticsources are Garbiu (Sirocco), Murlan (Murrëri) andBriza (Maistrot). winds comingfrom theSouth and West. Themosttypicalwinds the numberofsunnydaysis136peryear. The amountofsunshinehoursis2442per year, while decrease.cases theycanfurther minimum temperatures rangefrom +1.5-2°Cbutincertain to 32-36°Candsometimes38-39°C.Themostcommon August reaches 25.5°C.Themaximumtemperatures goup go upto30°Candhigher. Theaverage temperature in (a characteristicofallcoastalMediterranean countries)and periodoftime. stopped forashort Himara region duringwinter, isneitherinterrupted nor months oftheyear shows thatvegetation periodin 16.8 °C.Theaverage temperature ofthetwocoldest Mediterranean nature oftheclimate. the geographicposition of theregion, clearlyreflecting the warmer thanspring.Theseclimaticfeatures are related to autumn (September-October),by a fairly long dry which is withthehotsummer,which combinesshortly andespecially summer, withinsignificantrainfall; by anunstablespring almost nonegative freezing andhot temperatures ;by adry It ischaracterizedwet byandmildwinter, avery with while atitstopitis10-13meters. and abysses. Depth atthebayentranceis30-35meters, extends about350metersinlandandisentirely arocky area appropriate infrastructure. Grava Bay (orPanorma bay) Bay hasanumberofgreat touristvalues, butthere isno place (smallharbour)isbuiltfortheboats.Porto Palermo pass connecting the coast with Peninsula Castle, a landing 105 meters, while inside the bay it is 65-75 meters. At the covered withMediterranean shrubs. meters intheseaarea withhighbanks.Thepeninsulais The onlyscar M H The highesttemperatur The av H The depthoftheentrancebayar The capeofP S olar radiation is very high,about1495kwh/m olar radiationisvery imara region is characterized by a large amount of imara region ischaracterized by alargeamountof imara regional area hasaMediterranean climate. eanwhile, Himara area isopentowarmandhumid erage annualtemperature inthearea is ce naturalassetsofHimara are waters eninsula Castleextendsabout40 es oftheyear are inAugust ea issome80to 2 . carefully usedby localresidents. infiltration ofwaterinthedepthsoil, resources are drought and karsticlimestoneterrain,whichfavour therapid town with“drinking” water. per second.Thiswateriscurrently usedtosupply Himara from thewater coastline.Potami flow isabout120-150litres southernmost edgeofHimara Bay, only30metersaway under water. Thebiggestcoastlinesource is Potami, inthe arising inthevicinityofwater(coastlinesources) andeven per second.Thelargestkarsticsources of Himara are those a flow from some1litre persecondtoseveral dozen litres etc. Weasel (Mustela nivalis), Land Tortoise (Testudo), hermanni such asFox (Vulpes vulpes), Wild Rabbit( Lepus europaeus), interest, suchas Posidonia.marine speciesofconservation Tertiary Macaronesian origin.There are alsodifferent presence ofEuphorbia dendroides, withaconspicuous Mediterranean andpre-desert types,withthe shrubs peninsula andsurrounding areas. found inmountainousarea ofKavadori peninsula, Panorma ofÇikaMountainhigher parts Range.Pastures canbealso M Ionian coastsuchassumac,Mediterranean oaketc. forest important treegeneration includesalsovery speciesofall -cfaka)etc.Macchia medicinal localplant(Salvia fruticosa oleander, (woodmilkweed plant), sage, gorse,milkwort heather, myrtle, ones suchasforsythia,strawberry-tree, laurels, macchia ormixed macchia.Its typicalplantsare leaf-bearing and abletoresist tosummerdrought period. Mediterranean bushes,highlyfavoured inlimestoneterrains level upto700-800mhigh.This vegetation beltconsistsof spread strip, outinavertical whichextendsfrom thesea up togreater heights. Typical Mediterranean vegetation is of Mediterranean variety. Theyextendfrom thesealevel with the climate, soils and other natural factors, are mainly or even absent,becauseofrinsingby flowing water. mountainous andhillyslopes,where soillayers thin are very and Vuno karsticareas. Other agriculturalregions are in (Armerida) andLlamanBay. Such from sourcesPorto canbealsoobserved Palermo Bay fromcreating theshore. whichcanbeobserved watervortex the gorgesofstreams. by streams inthelower oftheseareas, parts especiallyaround editerranean subalpinepastures, stretching intothe Agricultural landsar D S H Land The r The upperflooroftheflorabeltconsists H The floraandfaunaofH ubmarine sources emergefrom theseasurface, ue tolow thehighlyextended waterreserves, imara area grows Mediterranean alsothetrue imara karsticsources are usuallysmall,with egion includescoastalhabitatsofThermo- fauna is represented with several species, e present onlyinQeparo plain imara region, inaccordance vegetation but the peninsula and western part is very vegetation isvery butthepeninsula andwestern part in thesmallbaysandnear road. Panorma, Fishermen andGravas resort centersare alsobuilt for touristandvisitorssuch as Llamani,Porto Palermo, peninsula. Resort centers(beaches) withhostinfrastructure of bushes. There part centers in the northern are two fishery Bay. It isgenerallycovered withgrassandMediterranean The highestpeakofthisbayis123,8metersnearLera Pass. are intheplacewhere thecastleisconnectedwithland. church of St. Nicholas, several buildings and a small harbour and milkweed plantvegetation (Euphorbia dendroides). The this peninsula,some28.2metershigh,surrounded by water castle builtby AliPasha islocatedin intheearly19thcentury the bay, whichextendsabout300metersintothesea.The road create theappearanceofanarrow development area. ofthearea.parts nearthecoastal Some constructions new installationshave pollutedsome Rusted ofmilitary ruins used asaCoastGuard andfishingboatsprotection area. studies have beenlimited.Currently, baseis themilitary the marineandcoastalbiodiversity hadbeenrich,although area. Therefore, itispresupposed thatduringthisperiod Before limited access as it was a military 1991 it hada very in theEastitisbordered by theroad Qeparo -LeraPass. is locatedbetween Kavadoni CapeandPanorma Cape,and with grassland. valley. ofpeninsulaismostlycovered inthispart Theterritory buildingsare alsonearLera Some offormermilitary ruins covered withbushes,pineforests andMediterranean bushes. bushy herbaceousvegetation. Easternslopesofthebeachare limestone slopestransformedby climaticconditionsand ischaracterizedThe western sideofhill,inthenorth, by a valley lined between limestonehillsintheformofbay. Grava/Panorma. Llamanilandscapeisgenerallypleasant, consists ofthree mainbays:Llamani,Porto Palermo and monachus) andalargenumberoffishspeciesetc. Dolphin (Delphinus), Mediterranean delphis Seal (Monachus Marine faunaisrepresented by Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), Partridge (Alectoris graeca), Wild Dove (Columba livia), etc. Tern (Sterne sandvicensis),Sand-Martin TernS. albifrons ( ), most common birds are common Gull ridibundus ), (Larus of amphibiansare graeca Rana . The balcanica andRana ome reptile speciesare Colubergemonensis,Elaphe viridisetc.Themostcommontypes ammodytes, Lacerta Anguis fragilis, Coluber jugularis, Elaphe longissima, Vipera longissima, Natrix trilineata, natrix, N. tessellate, Lacerta military buildingsandthetunnel. military ofthebaythereIn part are thenorthern of several ruins The bayisoftectonicoriginanditpr P The S The surr P Kav Ther orto Palermoorto Bay isknown sinceancienttimes.It anorma Peninsula is in the south of Palermo adori Capeisgenerallycovered withgrass. e isasmallandattractive rocky peninsulainside region included inthe protected area mainly ounding area ispoorinterrestrial otected.

Suqe Pas attheheightquotaof93.2meters. the Protected Area territory. Also,Kukumi Pass islinkedwith are Mount Gjumi542,1mandMount Vrriu 547.0m,outside roadway. Palermo Peninsula is in the South. The highestpoints village (Potam). andthe Insteepterritory theEast,ithasavery is bordered intheNorth by Ulliri iHollë Hill andHimara andthecreation beaches. and constructions, ofnew peninsula near the road is also covered buildings with new sharp andhasastunninglandscape.Thesouthernbayof coast ofIonian Sea. the wholeMediterranean Basin, includingtheAlbanian cylindracea, whichiswidelyspread inPorto Palermo, asin biodiversity isalsotheinvasion ofCaulerpa racemosa var. (Ailanthus altissimaMill.). Apotentialthreat tomarine Porto Palermo: Agavia(Agave americanaL.)andnutmeg Crithmo-Limonietum anfracti. cytisoides, etc.,representing theendemiccommunitiesof anfractum, Elymus pycnanthus, Desmazeria marina, Lotus of thisvegetation are Crithmum maritimum,Limonium the rocky shores ofPorto Palermo. Themostcommontypes follows theIonian coastsincethe Tertiary period. form offorest beltandcanbeconsidered arelict speciesthat are present inthearea. Theydonotformanyparticular Quercus ithaburensis subsp.macrolepis, known as Vlora oaks, area andisalmostuniqueinAlbania.Forests dominatedby interestingformations is considered feature avery ofthe this area. Further, thepresence of Euphorbia dendroides Presence L.isanothercharacteristicof ofSalvia fruticosa rowing, sailing,motorwater-diving etc.). fishing,swimming,diving,canoeing, watching, sport (hiking, cycling, climbing,skydiving glider, riding,bird andsports and apotentialfortourism,entertainment attractive. attraction They have an ecological value, scenery road tothearea. liesnear thecoastgivingabeautifulview of asinglepaved road andseveral pathsorunpaved roads. The are placedatthehighestpointofPalermo peninsula(104.7m). Oblada sp.,Chromis sp.etc. Diplodussp.,Corisjulie, Serranussurmulletus, cabrilla, Palermo butthemostcommonones are Chelosp.,Mullus and middle depth. A great diversity of fish isfound in Porto most abundanttype,whichforms largemeadows at shallow Halophila stipulacea. of plants:Posidonia oceanica,Cymodocea nodosaand for marineecosystems.Presently, thearea hasthree types beds and are habitats important which formunderwater F The landscapear P The r S S T W everal communication antennas and a lighthouse everal communication antennasandalighthouse ea wildplantsare Magnoliophytes marinespecies , orto Palermoorto andLlamaniBays are highly lora composition of the area is rich and diverse. wo invasive plant species arein also observed e can observe xero-halophytice canobserve vegetation over oad network withintheprotected area consists Posidonia oceanica or sea grass is the ound Palermo andLlamanibays

11 SUMMARY 12 SUMMARY values: Bays is:Nature-People-Culture. The symboloftheprotected area of Porto Palermo -Llamani economic development ingeneralandtourismparticular. regionsimportant withahighperspective forthesocio- and internationallevel. It represents oneofthemost natural v 2. tourism. rural makes thisregion anidealdestinationforecotourismand scenery,capes, gorgesanddelta,caves, andunderwater biodiversity, mainlycoastal-marine,mountain,hills,fields, The presencerural areas, of protected areas withrich oftheregion.forms oftourismintegratedwithotherparts todevelopand food),whichgive different theopportunity (cultural heritage,naturalresources, landscapes,traditions landscape. se ofPorto Palermo andthesurrounding area substantially potentialthreats tohabitats,speciesatriskand a significantimpactonthehabitats. Grazing andfires are for livestock grazingistotallyuncontrolled, andoftenhas 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

t is a unique site combining eco-tourism and marine t isauniquesitecombiningeco-tourismand marine biodiversity isknownarine subsurface forthe t represents themostpicturesque, stunningand thenameof t isthemostinteresting deserving part editerranean climatecombinedwithterrestrial, coastal- etc.), thuscreating conditionsforcampingwithtentsetc. diving, canoeing,rowing, sailing,motor-waterriding, skydiving, riding, bird fishing, swimming, watching, sport such as(hiking,cycling,sports climbing,non-motor andwatermountain potential siteforentertainment tourism. It tourism, especiallyunderwater isalsoa I shellfish,seaurchin, coralsetc. seals, seaturtles, itisknownLikewise, forthediversity offish,dolphins, oceanica, Cymodocea nodosaandHalophila stipulacea. diversity ofthreatened species,suchasPosidonia M relict speciesoftheIonian coast,sincethe Tertiary period. ( unique for Albania. Forests dominated by the sumac ( and rare speciesare threatened. Presence ofmilkweed Coastal, marineandunder sources.around, with beaches of cold water and crystal coastal space andever green natural environment composed of four capes, three bays, with blue marine- natural individualitylandscape with adiversified relief I Albanian Riviera. I (climate, hydro) formedicalpurposes. vegetation andcleanbeacheshave bio-curative potentials marine andsubmarinelandscapes, withpermanent M Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis,) can be considered Euphorbia dendroides) is considered interesting and V alues alues and a perfect ecological balance at national alues anda perfect The The marineandcoastalspaceincludesspecial H U imara Region hasavariety of touristattractions protected area is characterized by the following water richbiodiversity, habitats areas are asfollows: community. natural resources foreconomicgrowth andwelfare ofthe life ofpeople,lifestyle,foodproduction andavailability of and natural habitats, which play a key role in the healthy interior value, butalsotothelossofbiodiversity, species under considerablepressure. Risksare related totheir and badpracticesofforest andpasture management. growth areas, andde-populationofrural agriculture, livestock and ecologicalnature. has beenassociatedwithmajordamagesofdemographic decades, hascausedastrong stress tothearea. Such animpact threatened ones.Uncontrolled humanactivity, forseveral diversity ofspeciesandhabitats,butalsoonethemost 3. Major Threats determined 10. 9. 8. 7. • • • • • ntroduction of non-indigenous/local species, of genetically ntroduction ofnon-indigenous/localspecies,genetically ovement ofpopulationanditsnon-uniformdistribution;

ntensive development ofthemarineandcoastalregion; amage tothemeadows ofPosidonia from fishing eauties ofnature andspiritofpeopleare reflected in ofanancienthistory,ea ispart andaunique ea ofpotentialsocio-economicdevelopment, ea hasgreat value forscientific research and monitoring. The ar domestic tourists. which make thearea more attractive to foreign and songs, folkdances,dresses, folktraditionsetc,values the specificspiritualworldoffolklore, rare polyphonic B archaeology etc. underwater could turnintoamuseuminthefuture), withrich Ali Pasha Castle,Porto Palermo base(which military ancient andcultbuildings,suchasSt. Nicholas Church, historical andculturalheritage.There are characteristic The ar energy inthesurrounding areas. ofresourcesopportunity forproduction ofrenewable livestock, agro-tourism andecotourism).There isan arboriculture, processing ofagriculturalproducts and (especially forfarming,fishing,pasture, citrus, An ar anchors, pollution andanykindoflitters; activities, uncontrolled marine-culture activities,ships, D currently existingspeciesorpreviously existed species; modified species,andintroduction or reintroduction of I Loss andfragmentationofhabitats,deterioration M I destruction ofvegetation andpasturedestruction from potentialfires; vulnerable species’ situation or endangered species, The pr The Albanian marineandcoastalecosystemsar The intensityoftheseeffectsissignificantly by socio-economic factors such as population main risks to the protected area and surrounding otected area isanexceptional centerof e activities, onthe otherhand. coastal ecosystems,ononehand, andhumandevelopment the rightbalancebetween ofmarineand thepreservation management ofnaturalresources andlandscape,providing interest groups, inorder tocontributethesustainable oflocalgovernment,the participation engagementoflocal stakeholders andforfuture generations. resources forsustainablelivingconditionsofthe population, theyprovide.and services Theprotected area willprovide landscape,aswell asadministration offunctions underwater coastal ecosystems,species,terrestrial, marine,coastaland biodiversity,is establishedtopreserve integratedmarineand 4. difficulties tocontrol theentire territory. requirements fornaturalresources and andconstructions, the presence ofafavorable infrastructure, strictbusiness are largelyaffected by theeasyaccessofillegalactivities,

• • • • • • • • • • • • • esence of marine-culture, accumulation of food, esence ofmarine-culture, accumulationoffood, ildlife inconvenience andmaltreatment, including er-use and lack of sustainable management of natural er-use and lackofsustainablemanagementnatural ncertainties regardingncertainties inthearea; thetitlesofproperty inking of ships, cargo and goods of any type and other aste disposalandanykindofmaterialsfrom ships, ctivities involving theuseandmodificationofland, umping ofwasteorotherhazardous materials,such umping ofsolidwasteandactivitiesconductedon ollution from dischargesofships,discharge of olid waste,sewerageandotheruntreated waters; rbanization of marine and coastal area, uncontrolled badly contributetothewaterpollutionand water quality. of a strong and localized pressure to the environment and antibiotics materials,andexcrement offisheries,exercise means andmethodsinaround theprotected area; illegal hunting,overfishing activitiesanduseofprohibited Large pr W resources (fishing,pasture, medicinalherbsetc.); Ov coastal areas; Concentration oftourisminv U solid wasteprecipitating totheseafloor; S installations andthecoast; W underground ofthemaritimearea; oftheareaor useofsubsurface territory, sea-bedand A as poisonous,explosive, industrialwasteandpesticides; D the coastandland; D hydrocarbons andwastewater; P S ofquaysforyachtanchorage; construction andsocialeconomicactivitiesor construction U V C ision oastal Protectedoastal Area (M The pr The M P rotected areas anditsnaturalculturalresources and goals for and theMarine arine andCoastalProtected Area (MCPA) otected area willbewell-governed with estment inmarineand C PA)

maintenance and conservation of: maintenance andconservation awareness andeducation. research oftheprotected area, through communication, values of biodiversity, culture and history, and scientific Another goalisthepromotion ofvalues related tonature, boost fundsfortherecovery ofnature anditsrelated services. through financialmechanismsisawayto ecosystem services benefits withintheprotected area. Improvement ofsustainable forsocial on botheconomicbenefitsandequalopportunities development ofdifferent typesofecotourismactivities. of naturegoals of the landscape, with the conservation purposes, iscloselyconnectedwiththeco-functioning recreational, ecotourismandcultural sports, entertainment, land inanumber ofsub-managementunits (sub-districts) which hastodowiththedivision of anarea orsurrounding landetc) urbanandconstruction and coastal,non-fertile, land andwaters(agricultural, forest, pasture, water, marine management plan.Area divisionisaformfortheuseof be changeddependingon the situationandten-year andassuch,theycan plan objectives withparticipation integrated managementprocess oftheentire protected area. management isconductedindependently, butunderan of thearea intoseveral sub-areas isoftenneeded,which landscape, naturalandculturalmonumentsetc.,adivision threatened orendangered oftheunique species,preservation with thevalues ofbiodiversity, protection ofthehabitats the protected area andtheachievement ofgoalsinaccordance the territorialborders tobeproposed asaprotected area. cannot bemade,butsomeconsiderationsare given below for no managementplan.Therefore, anestimateonarea division 5. Area e. d. c. b. a. critical habitat to ensure the survival, reproduction criticalhabitattoensure thesurvival, and safetyofwaterquality, ofspecific natural conservation representative typesofmarineandcoastalecosystems the habitats at risk of extinction in the areas of their areas scientific,esthetic,cultural,and ofparticular and biological processes and life support systems. and biologicalprocesses andlifesupport educational importance ; educational importance and faunaspecies; renewal ofendemic, endangered andthreatened flora diversity ; andmaintaintheirbiological their long-termsurvival in appropriate toensure andacceptableproportions restricted areas ; their naturalareas asaconsequenceoftheirregress or natural distributionorinareduced distributionof P Conser S Ar I The n the interest of the process of good management of n theinterest oftheprocess ofgoodmanagement of ustainable socio-economic activities should focus ustainable socio-economicactivitiesshouldfocus riority oftheprotected area istoensure the ea divisionisafunctionofthemanagement protected area «Palermo Poto-Llamani Bay» has D vation and managementofthearea for ivision andManagement 13 SUMMARY 14 SUMMARY of Porto Palermo -LlamaniBay should: and notaninvariable one. really protected onsite.Thearea divisionprocess isdynamic responsibility ofareas thatare untenableorimpossibletobe process, withthepurposeofneithergivingnorassuming The studyandcreation sensitive ofeachsub-area isa very andgoalsoftheir management. suitable totheterritory mentioned above, andmayalsocontainothersub-areas give risetothedivision of aprotected area, from those apart the role ofbuffersub-area, of asanintegralpart PA. possible, thenaborder sideoftheProtected Area (PA) willplay sub-area around theProtected Area. If a«buffersub-area» isnot harmful externalfactors,leadingtotheestablishmentofabuffer international context. intheregional,(urban planninginstruments) nationaland management goals. Territory planningincludesurbanlevels can bealsousedtoinformalldivisionsincludedaboutthe intensity from theothersub-areas. Aborder division system management descriptions,uniformanddifferent intypesor area division.Eachsub-area isexplainedwithreasonable unacceptable reduction ofthequalityecosystemservices. biological, economic,social,culturalenvironment, andan be in place, without causing a degradation of the physical, archaeological values. Asustainableusemanagementshould natural resources andbio-spiritual,historical,cultural of cleardefinitionuseorfunctionstheprotected area, biodiversity andsustainabledevelopment. balanced inaccordance ofecological, withthepreservation arrangement ofthecharacterandintensitytheiruseis shown onamap. Based onthisapproach, publicandprivate • • • • • • espect for the natural marine, coastal and subsurface espect forthenaturalmarine,coastaland subsurface eparate incompatible uses from each other and set eparate incompatibleusesfrom eachotherandset sensitivereserve marineandcoastalecologicalelements ve/preserve the ecosystem ofrare speciesand revent discharges or dumping of wastes or other trengthen theimplementationofrequirements of cultural, spiritualandarchaeological values ; a balancedenvironment, includingecological, historical, environment, inorder todevelop anharmlessapproach of natural processes ; a totalbanondangerous methods,but allowing only their natural habitats, by means of area division, with Conser R of protected area ; substances directly or indirectly harming the integrity P priorities forusesorspecificgoalsindifferent sub-areas ; S interests ; from disturbanceandmisuseofpublicprivate P applicable legalprovisions ; S Amendments tothelaw«O The The goalsar W I n general,theborder divisiontoprotect thearea ater and land planning management is the process ater andlandplanningmanagementistheprocess Protected Areas often need to be protected from e setforthemanagementofeachsub- n Protected Areas» management goals. ineffective. These are thewaysforaccomplishment of specific strategiesormanagement actionsthatare found Adaptive managementresponses are ameanstocorrect the results ofmonitoringprogramme shouldbeformulated. monitoring andevaluation timelinesshouldbedetermined. programme shouldbeassessed;andanoverall planwith and developed; needsforresources toimplementthemonitoring priority have toberevised. and objective should be selected, and indicators ranked by basic datashouldbedetermined;indicatorsforeachgoal and objectives shouldbeidentified;thelevel andrangeof Monitoring andEvaluation program, the related goals and welfare ofthelocalcommunityshouldbealsomonitored. (results ofprotection). Thehealthofecosystems,biodiversity the managementplan,andwhethergoalsare beingmet enforcement actionsare beingimplementedasdescribedin appropriate indicatorsare neededtodeterminewhether goals andobjectives. Long-termmonitoringprograms using indicators todeterminethatthemanagementismeeting governance issues. In general,itrequires several various judgment, whichincludesbiophysics,socio-economicand management 6. andassessmentof Monitoring • • • • • • efine theprohibition of activities withsignificant dentify and provide marketing of cultural, historical, egulate thetransfer, prohibition or anchoringof reate specific panoramic corridors, with focus on rotect capes, bays, peninsulas and steep slopes, with egulate orprohibit anyactivitiesinvolving themisuse environmental permit. permission of these activities afterobtaining an impact on the environment, and the sub-areas of D institutions inchargeofterritorialplanning; ofthe should bebasedontheattachedinstructions outstanding value ofthesub-areas. Theirdevelopment monumentsof archaeological andimportant I boats, speedboatsandfishingboats; R special placespreferred by visitorsandtourists; from thelocal, nationalandinlandroads orcreation of seaside, mountain,bays,capes,slopes,canyons, etc., key points, including all panoramic places of the thequalityoflandscapefrom thefavourablepreserving C geomorphological elements; no closerthan20-300mfrom theshore oranyactive of geomorphologicalfeatures inasub-area extending a banongeneraldevelopment, basedonthefullset P ofarea, seabedorunderseaareaterritory ; and modificationoflandorunderground ofthe R Also, Like After Efficient managementisamulti-disciplinar wise, monitoring methods should be identified wise, monitoringmethodsshouldbeidentified the process for evaluating and responding to the specification ofthe overall purpose of y y 15 © INCA 16 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA marine andcoastalenvironment ofthis region. Asaresult and poorimplementationhad adverse impactonthe development ofresidential areas, inadequatelegalmeasures relies. development ofthecountry country. It isconsidered thelargestsource onwhichfuture high-value economic, social and ecological recourses for the attractive. traditional villagearchitecture makesthe coast highly thus givingriseforculturaltourismdevelopment. Further, periods, Illyrian, Hellenic, Byzantine, Ottoman conquest), source ofincomeandjobvacancies. foreconomicdevelopment, a widerangeofopportunities to expandandofferadiverse tourismpotential,providing diversity largelyincreases theirattractiveness. It paves theway environment andlandscape. as atouristdestinationisdirectly connectedwiththenatural tourists. The reason whymostofthetouristschoosethiscoast one of the most beautiful areas attracting domestic and foreign dominatingtheAlbanianRiviera.They stunning views represent and protected Mediterranean habitatisPosidonia oceanica. marinehabitat origin. At thesametimemostimportant biodiversity asfloraandfaunaincludespeciesof various Sea and Adriatic. Southern for marine Coast is crucial regions: Western oftheMediterranean andEasternpart etc. medical, industrial,decorative importance interest, whilemanyofthemhave aspecialeconomic, of rare species.Some are known fortheirspecificscientific regional Most importance. speciesare present inthelist nationaland habitats, floraandfaunaspeciesofparticular inanalmostnaturalstate. conserved the Mediterranean Sea, ofecosystemsis andamajorpart coastal region ofAlbaniaisonebiodiversity hotspotsin editerranean ecosystemsrepresent only1.2% of theMediterranean chainofecosystems.Marine and Terrestrial andmarineecosystemsofAlbania are part andhave cleargeographical boundaries. of thelandsurface INTRO Albanian coastandseahav The ar This r M I The marineandcoastalenvir C The pr n recent years, pressure from tourism, ultural heritage consists of archeology (prehistoric D egion ischaracterized by alargevariety of ea islocatedontheborders ofthethree sub- esence oftraditionalandculturalheritage U C TION e prominent landscape, e prominent landscape, onment constitutes

socio-economic role atnational,localorMediterranean level. ecologicaland still vulnerable,notwithstandingtheircrucial length of430km(alongtheAdriatic andIonian sea)are statusofkeyspeciesandtheirhabitats. the conservation in theMediterranean Sea andnoinformationisavailable on coastal areas inAlbania,there are alsobiodiversity hotspots habitats are still not representative. Regardless of marine- (MCPA), diversity ofecosystemsandmarinecoastal discharges. sources of pollutants are direct orindirect untreated sewage the coastalpathsortheyare thrown inthesea.Thelargest amounts ofwastesare reportedly thrown illegally along of unsustainablemanagementtheseresources, significant manner, thesepotentialsofthemarine-coastalarea. know how touse,maintainanddevelop inasustainable society, business community, individuals and owners, to of centralbodiesandlocalgovernments, butalsoofcivil challenge forAlbania.It ismainlythedutyandresponsibility development, but themanagementofthisarea remains a intermsofpressurevulnerable territory exerted by the in thearea development. especially with the local community, considering their role knowledge», incloseconsultation with allstakeholders, based onmultifacetedsoundscientific andsocio-economic of Marine Protected Area inPorto Palermo Bay (Albania), project «Support to planning, area division and development selecting the region to be developed as an MCPA in Albania. at nationalandlocal level, based onacommon process of foster closecoordination, smooth project implementation inAlbania(INCA)wasappointed inorderConservation to (RAC/SPA). In thisframework,theInstitute forNature by theRegional Activity Centre forSpecially Protected Areas Network ofMarine andCoastalProtected Areas, supported n May ofEnvironment 2012,theMinistry and the Regional Development Project ofaMediterranean development ofMedMPAnet Pilot Project inAlbania,under RAC/SPA (UNEP/MAP)representatives agreed withthe Management Plan(MP) 1. of oftheelaboration Description A numberofmarine-coastalar The S I INCA coor I n addition, the coastal terrain represents the most ystem ofMarine andCoastalProtected Areas dinated theimplementationof eas, with a total eas, withatotal 17 INTRODUCTION 18 INTRODUCTION basedonsoundscientific and socio-economicknowledge”. (3) (2) documents: the findingsand recommendations setoutinthefollowing balanced socialandeconomicdevelopment. formulation ofmanagementobjectives ofsustainableand fishery, ofthe whichare insupport ofspecialimportance olives andotherbranchesofagriculture, livestock and along withthecommonproducts ofarboriculture, citrus, settlements, traditionalbuildingsandotherheritagevalues land contoursandbiodiversity andb)culturallandscapes- the Southern region, a)naturallandscapes- inparticular: oftheuniquemarine-coastalcharacter the preservation identify pressures, threats, andvisionsfor opportunities current situation,obstaclesandchallenges.Similarly, to residents through thecollectionofinformationinarea, these activitieswastoprovide remarks oflocal andviews Themainpurposeof in cooperationwithlocalexperts. potential outcomesassociatedwiththeseissues. identifiedkeyissuesoftheplananddescribed participants business groups inthearea todesignMP. In theseseminars, local government institutions, residents, NGOs and other representatives oftheDistrict Council,Himara Municipality, Areas ofEnvironment, attachedtotheMinistry with of place withBiodiversitythe Department and Protected in therelevant decisions. groups of interest, attempting to beacomprehensive process collaboration withlocalresidents, localbusinessesandother actions identifiedintheplan.Theplanis prepared inclose shared ofthevision,goals,objectives, policiesand support at centralandlocallevel, inorder toensure ownership, ofstakeholders process was carriedoutwiththeparticipation Area (PA), Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay. Its formulation 3. 2. 1. Approved by ofEnvironment Order oftheMinister no.148, 21.02.2013. dated to planning,“Support area division and development of the Protected Marine Area in the Bay of Porto Palermo (Albania), egional Project forMarine Development ofthe trategic Plan fortheMarine andCoastalProtected mprovement of the Effectiveness of Coverage “R of marineandcoastalprotected areas”. areaof thesurface andimprovement ofthemanagement UNDP intheframeworkofproject “Enlargement Areas (SPMCPA)”, prepared undertheauspicesof “S “I MPA Creation andManagement («MedMPAnet Project»). Coastal Protected Areas (MPA) through the promotion of Mediterranean Region andNetwork oftheMarine and Government, GEFandUNDP. generations”, undertheauspicesofAlbanian biodiversity ofAlbaniaforthepresent andfuture the protection ofuniquemarineandcoastal Aras”(IMCPACME), withtheaimof“Safeguarding and Management ofMarine andCoastalProtected I S A numberofseminarsandconsultationshav This M n draftingthisplan,there were takenintoaccount ome expeditionsare conductedinthearea anagement Plan (MP)covers theProtected e taken e taken ormulation oftheplanisbasedon“Standard Albania” Framework fortheManagement Plan ofProtected Areas in planframework 2. ofthemanagement Description protected area andoffinancialstability. stakeholders inthemanagementandplanningofthis of implementation ofmechanismsfortheparticipation and socio-economicknowledge. Further, itaimsatthe area inPorto Palermo-Llamani Bay onthesoundscientific division anddevelopment ofthemarine-coastalprotected

• 5. 4. • • art 3Protectedart Area managementintroduces the art 1describestheadministrative location, local art art 2providesart an assessment ofthe protected area ocio-economic analysisandtourismdevelopment cological Study ofPorto Palermo Bay andof study”. “S surrounding areas” “E landscape andheritage. scheduled one, aswell as thedescription of cultural land ownership; Current governing structure andthe Description of the socio-economic system, including (components/ecological processes andinter-relations); PAs, mainecosystemsof thearea andtheirstructure (including theoriginalreasons forthecreation of Description parties; of the natural system of PAs Rolesstructuring: andresponsibilities oftheconcerned limitations forthePA management;Institutional forest plans,watersetc.Brief descriptionofthemain development plans,tourismdevelopment plans, policies andlegislation,includingmaster-plans,local (IUCN) forPAs; relevant nationalandinternational of International Union for the Conversation of Nature ofPAsincluding thenationalcategory andthecategory government unitandPA PA boundary; legalstatus, P local communityinvolvement, decisionmaking and in theprotected area; fundamentalprinciplesofthe implementation ofvarious managementactivities management actionswhichwidelyconsistofthesmooth action measures. Similarly, it defines some principles and vision, programs and long-term objectives and plan P resources, specialqualitiesandcommunities. to thesustainablemanagementofprotected area ofthemain implicationsrelated including asummary the institutionalframework;Assessmentofthreats, socio-economic andculturalaspects);Assessmentof and ofcurrent framework.Assessmentof(ecological, P 3 . F The M A ccordingly, planning,area theplansupports anagement Plan is divided into 7 parts: anagement Plan isdividedinto7parts: 2 . condition theuseofterritory. to itseconomicpotentialcompensate forthesacrificesto use notonlybasedonecological aspects,butalsoreferring framework ofmulti-purposeandjointactions. management ofuseandtherealization ofobjectives setinthe fishing groups andlocal residents, foradesired andlong-term (PAA), civilsocietyandNGOs, businesscommunity, artisanal and localstateauthorities,administrationofprotected areas the managementplan.Theplanshouldhelp, direct central legislation, policiesandguidelinesrequire thepreparation of statusandobjectives. oftheconservation support area andinthesurrounding areas, inaccordance withandin actions and resources within the boundaries of protected management system. The latter guides and regulates all protected areas, inadditiontolegalremedies ofthe aspart most effective practicesfortheproper managementof implementation ofmanagementplanremains oneofthe and locallevel. activities, andinthedecisionmakingatnational,regional in policies, plans, programs and related governmental management planoftheprotected area mustbeincluded develop managementplansforeachprotected area. The Protected Areas», toleadand asamended, with aview 15 of Law no.under Article 8906, dated 06.06.2002 «On marine-coastalareasthe mostimportant ofAlbania. basesinthecountry.military Furthermore, itrepresents oneof Castle islocatedinitscenter, beingoneofthemostsophisticated aqueous andsubaqueoushabitatsarcheology. AliPasha Palermo-Llamaniorto Bay represents aunique land, richinvariousreserve, natural,semi-natural,artificial, historical values andlandscapes.The result isamagnificent combination ofmarineandcoastalnatural,cultural 3. to? Who theplanrefers • • • • art 7reflectsart theannexes, maps,tables,graphical 6providesart bibliographicreferences. 5providesart theframeworkofmonitoringand 4 reflectsart the financial plan based on management socio-economic, waterresources etc). for eachcomponentofthesystem(includingecological, monitoring of the action basedon the indicatorsselected transparent communication;includingthequantitative presentations andgeographicaldata. P P the Management Action Plan. described results aspertheactionprioritiessetoutin management assessmentfortheaccomplishmentof P resources. actions, calculationoffinancialneedsandhuman P The P The managementplandeems theterritor The As alr Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry has legal liability best practices of international management, best practices of international management, eady agreed, theformulationandpractical y proper

regional andlocallevel. management andimplementationofpoliciesatnational, to theprotected area, whoare alsoresponsible forthe on cooperative interactionamongallactorsthatare parties stakeholders including protected areas. MP success depends of Environment, of property the Ministry but of all training. modalities, demonstration,functionsandtheircontinuous visitors regarding the level of knowledge, communication community shouldpursueadifferent approach tonature and and analysisofthePAMC. annualPAalso supports administrationworking schedule andneartheprotected area. Theplan within theterritory the public,opentoallmaingroups ofinterest andusers guidelines fortheprotected area, tobemadeavailable to providingshould considerMPasakeyworking instrument Environment units but also the other concerned parties follow upitsdesignandimplementation. Management Committee(MC)shouldbeestablishedto are implementedby thearea protection administration. in relevant sectors andcrosscutting policies. sustainableuse,theirintegration fortheconservation, as crucial marine and coastal biological diversity components considered perspective. Theseactionsalsoidentify theinventories of species or endangered flora and wildfauna,from ascientific actions are designedtoprotect, andmanagethreatened preserve activities associatedwiththem,suchastourism.Management through theactivitiesofsustainableuseland,waterandthird Meanwhile, itpromotes theimprovement ofsocialconditions to protect andenhanceecologicalcharacteristicsofthearea. management ofnaturalresources andbiodiversity, inorder incorporates aplanningpolicyframeworkforthesustainable objectives, actionsandresults forthenext tenyears. It by thecommunityandbusinesses. biodiversity, wiseuseofallnaturalresources andlandscape the objectives, actionsscheduledfornature conservation, referring totheManagement counterto Plan orrunning taken thatundermines the future ofprotected area, without affecting theprotected area objectives. No decisioncanbe Protected Area. special naturalandculturalvalue through thecreation of anagement Plan istheonlymostimportant manage inasustainableandecologicalmannertheareas of its potential users. It guides users to protect, maintain and protected documentfortheprotected areas andforallof 4. Planobjective M The managementplancannotbeex A M The The plancoor M ccordingly, theprotected area personneland ost importantly, of notonlytheMinistry anagement plan and conservation programs anagement plan and conservation plan defines the vision, specifies programs, plan defines the vision, specifies programs, dinates andcombinesactions clusive 19 INTRODUCTION 20 INTRODUCTION if therelated managersrefer toitonadailybasis,promote income forthecommunity. asasource fortheexistenceofmaterialgoodsand it serves protecting andguaranteeingthediversity oflivingworld, region, from ecologicalandeconomicperspective. Besides protected areas containsomeofthegreatest values inthe biological diversity andmodalitiesforassessingtheireffects. andsustainableuseof adverse effects ontheconservation of activitieswhichhave orare likelytohave significant diversity components, identifyingprocesses andcategories This planprovides guidelinesformonitoringthebiological making andsettingtheprioritiesofstakeholdersinvolved. builds a frameworkfor PA management, guiding decision the broad andstakeholders.Basically, network ofpartners it monitoring andoverall evaluation oftheseactivitiesthrough The The The planpr value of this management plan will be realized Plan brings to the attention of its users that omotes coordinated implementation, Llamani Bay. and user groups operating within the area of Porto Palermo- the on-sitecontentwithvarious landowners, supporters implement policiesandmanagementactionsassigned. theplanandwork jointlyinpartnership,support inorder to corrected asalready planned. years (2015-2024), at which time the plan will be reviewed and of actionstotakeplacewithintheprotected area inthenext10 period oftime.Therefore, theplanoutlinesadetailedframework anagement Plan isadocumentthatsetsoutthe to realize inthefuture. administration and Management Committee will attempt vision, long-term objectives for the protected area, which the 5. Plantimeschedule I MP setsr M ts success can be guaranteed if all stakeholders ealistic and feasible goals for a predetermined ealistic andfeasiblegoalsforapredetermined 21 © INCA 22 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA under thefollowing criteria: area. Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) were identified to Porto Palermo, proposing Porto Palermo asaprotected currents. Unit 6 includes the region extended from Dhërmi orientation, geology, substrateandexposure towindsandsea These units were definedaccording tothegeomorphology, marine bio-geographicalunitsintheSouthern coastalregion. (4) Integrated CoastalManagement» selection. full accordance withtheinternationalcriteriaforMCPA careful planningisthecore ofaprotected area network in The system of representation based on exact science and and area divisions according to a reliable classification. It requires asystematicidentificationofmarinehabitats conceptual framework to be implemented in Albania. management ofmarineandcoastalprotected areas». of theproject «Expansion ofarea andimprovement ofthe ofUNDP,by INCA withthesupport intheframework election of protected area of Palermo-Llamani Bay coastal Protected Area Strategic Plan (MCPASP), prepared on themarineandcoastalselectioncriteriaof«Marine and is basedonthestudy, analysisandrecommendations setout 1.1M AREA (M I. have beentakeninto account: under aprotective status, thefollowing considerations • • • • • • • • • PAP/RAC–SOGREAH: “Integrated 2005. Coastal Management Plan andStudy”, ; esence ofculturalandarcheological ruins D potential forenter traditional uses; pr development ; need forintegratedanddueenvir natural beauty; environments ; quality or“ ample naturalr rich biodiv high complexityofecosystems; E SC Coastal landscapeunder«S The S I n definingthearea of Porto Palermo-Llamani C PA selectioncriteria list of the said criteria provides a solid RIPTION O ersity ; naturalness” ofmarine-coastal andland esources forhumanuse; tainment andeducationalpurposes. C PA) 4 isdividedinto8areas/ F tudy andPlan for MARINE AN onmental • • • D ractical considerations riority cological criteria

------P P E ensitivity : Posidonia meadows are affected by marine- aturalness: Severe have taken humaninterventions forvarious species:Regardlessmportance ofthelimited pecies thatare threatened reduced oratriskofextinction: otential forrenewal : Having beenaconfinedarea urface areaurface : The proposedarea surface is limited. mportance for a habitat/biotope: Posidonia,mportance reefs, forspecies:Mediterraneanmportance seal. roductivity: High-level productivity in terms of epresentation: It isrepresented by rocky coastand C century are anaddedvalue tothisarea.century built by Ali Pashë Tepelena by the end of eighteenth for conversation. Thecastleandchurchperfect landscape, withclearboundaries,thusmakingit Nevertheless, it includes a well-defined natural the renewal process. active, maybeanassociatedpositive componentof basis,thoughnot sufficiently presence ofmilitary last 20years, there isahighpotentialofrenewal. The for alongtimeandunderhumanthreats onlyinthe P S N andfiresof constructions duringsummerseason. habitats (especiallyineuphorbia)damagedthecourse The negativein the land effect may be also observed (baths, fishingboatsetc);theyshow signsofpressure. culture activitiesinthearea andhumanactivities S I its naturalness. its naturalness. zone sincethen,ithasrenewed andpreserved military of undersea tunnels. However,construction being a place inthearea during1960sinthecourseof an internationalconcern. data, anumberofmarineandlandspeciesrepresent I S I P R Rich natur Euphorbia/Milkweed. Posidonia, Reefs. fish culture). the natural and semi-natural production (marine- infra-shore phaseoftheIonian Sea. variety of habitats andspecies. interesting marineandcoastalhabitats,withawide OA S al andbiologicaldiversity : It includes TAL PROTE C TE D

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 23 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 24 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) biological diversity. harmonic interaction of human activities therein and their alsothequalityoflandscapesand purpose istopreserve biodiversity and recreation (leisure, entertainment).The out. Protected area primarily managed for nature and canbecarried cultural ones,andotherrelated services and andreception ofvisitors,especiallymilitary services medicinal plants,traditionalfishing,centersofbeaches, which activitiessuchasagriculture-farming, agro-forestry, private orpublicownership andinhabitedcenterswithin are usedforresearch, educationandculturalpurposes. animal specisorpaleontologicalfindings.Theseterritories regional orareas importance ofspeciallyprotected plantand representing biocentersand/orbiocoridorsofnationaland species managementareas orNature Parks) are territories “On protected areas”, Managed Nature Reserves(habitat/ Pursuant 9oftheLawno. toarticle 8906,dated06.06.2002 Rezerve (Nature Park)”, according toIUCN. category fourth criteria toenjoy theprotective statusof“Managed Nature specified area. oftheecosystemwithin ecosystems, goodsandservices and secondly, the of preservation natural biodiversity, ecosystem andlandscapeofthenetwork ofMCPA ingeneral firstly thecontributiontoinviolabilityofbiodiversity, “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay”. Theobjectives ofthearea are the area isclassifiedas Marine andCoastal Protected Area- in theNorth andendstothesouthwith Spinaras Cape. It isbordered by theCapeofAlpuni(Prato) ofLlamaniBay Municipality. It isextendedtothesoutheast ofHimara town. ofHimaratotally located within the administrative territory marine. hectares (15.25%)terrestrial and1,752.39hectares (84.75%) 1.2Location - - otential successofmanagementmeasures : Thearea cceptance level : Thearea hasbeenisolatedformany essential. essential. renew naturalaspects.The role oflocalauthoritiesis will beintegratedinvariousto fields,withaview (tourism, marine-culture etc).Management measures subaqueous amphora)andtheeconomicpotential (Castle ofAliPasha, Church ofShën Nikolla and is distinguishedfornaturalbeauty, culturalvalues P A marine-culture investors maybeprobable. objection tothecreation ofProtected Area from concept ofaprotected area (withoutaccess).The years and local communitiesare accustomedtothe This categor P B The pr T M R Countr orto Palermo-Llamaniorto Bay meets most of these otal area: 2,067.75hectares, ofwhich315.36 ased ontheforegoing informationandanalysis, egion: Vlorë unicipality: Himarë otected area ofPalermo-Llamani Bay is y: Albania y includespiecesofland/seaunder nautical mile(1853m). the maincapes:Alpun,Kavador, Panorma andSpinaras) 1 areasurface extendedtoadistancefrom theshore (from Panora, Kukumi andSpinaras Castleruins Capetetc. Bay, CapeofKavadoni tothepeninsulaandCapeof leading totheCapeofAlpun,LlamaniBay uptoLlamani territory, whichare notproperly maintained,suchasthose fish cultivation centers(marine-culture). B.C.,aswell asthree (amphora) ofthesecondcentury ruins spaces, highlyfavorable fordiving,presence of archeological meadows, pure coastal-marine and subaqueousstillvirgin installed, Mediterranean andpasture vegetation. 104,7 m(Palermo Peak), where communication antenna are the quotaof28.2m;smallresorts forthebeaches, quotaof buildings of fishers, church of Saint Nikolla, Ali Castleat farms, pier, and tunnel, dairy buildings, fortifications ofmilitary and 75.2m;largepeninsulaofKavadon, ruins Hill, Llamanibeach,Lerë Pass atthequotaof123,8m agave, withatwobar-restaurants andanecologicalcenter. covered withpasture vegetation, somespots of sumacand Kukum Pass and Sukës Pass, Qeparoi torrent, the mountain of 642.1m(Gjomimount)and 547.0 m(Vrriu Peak/Mount), village (Potom), themotorroad Himarë-Qeparo, ataquota and Shën Nikolla, aswell asGrava Bay inthesouth. Porto Palermo bay which consists of two bays: Armeridha are characterized by rocks andbays.There isLlamanibay, 4. 3. 2. 1. n the north itisborderedn thenorth tothepoint1by coordinates 43 n thewest, point4, withcoordinates 4339519.7 n the south, point 3 with coordinates 43 98 722.3 n the east, point 2 with coordinates 43 95 093.6 E/44 43 91937.1E/4438146.4N. of 1 nautical mile up to the point 1, with coordinates E/44 33685.7N,itfollows theisohypsesinadistance I the cape; E/44 33685.7N,inadistanceof1nauticalmilefrom Cape uptothepoint4,withcoordinates 4398519.7 E/44 35 525.0 N, it follows the direction of Spinaras I coordinates 4398722.3E/4435525.0N; motor road ofHimarë-Qeparo uptothepoint3,with 39 875.2N,itcontinuesontherightside(down) the I the mainroad joinstheroad down toLlamanbeach; 2, withcoordinates 4395093.6E/4439875.2N,where descending totheroad ofHimarë-Qeparo uptothepoint spread across theridgeindirection ofUlliri iHollë Hill, mile) farfrom theshore ofAlpunCape(LlamaniBay), 91 937.1E/4438146.4N,situated1853meters(1nautical I T F The pr Ther M The marine-coastalandsubaqueousenvir The urther, inthewest itisbordered tothemarine opographic border oftheprotected area: eadows withPosidonia oceanicaformsubaqueous Protected Area includes Ulliri i surface Hollë e are some secondary roads withinthe e are somesecondary otected area territory issurrounded byotected area Himarë territory onments No. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Table 1:Land usewithintheprotected area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” Forest areas, surface forest shrubs, vegetation land Surface area withsitesandurbanone Non-productive area surface (rocky) Map 1:ProtectedMap Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” Water area surface (marine) Agriculture area surface Pasture area surface Territory use TOTAL Surf. hectares ,5.884.75 1,752.38 ,6.5100.00 2,067.75 8.78.93 184.67 0.54.91 101.45 47 0.71 0.66 14.77 13.72 .80.04 0.78 %/ Total

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 25 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 26 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) categories andcriteria oftheInternational Union forNature for thedefenseofnature andbiodiversity, according to the local population,andpublic private sector. and education,direct orindirect economic benefitsofthe development ofenvironmental tourism;publicinformation biological resources ;improvement ofconditions forthe and sustainableuseofprotected areas andtheir naturaland management amended. ThescopeoftheLawisconservation, Law no. 8906,dated06.06.2002«On Protected Areas», as ofthisbiodiversity.ecosystem insupports to managebiodiversity,efforts ofthe andbenefitsservices stable development ...».Thisconstitutionalprovision justifiesall pastures and other natural resources, basedontheprincipleofa and future generations; andtherational useofforests, waters, A healthyandecologically-friendlyenvironment forthepresent 1.3Legal ofProtected status Areas The lawfullycomplieswith the E The managementofP The ... aim of Albanian Constitution is to ensure «... Map 2:LandMap ofProtected Useofthe Territory Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” rotected Areas is based on rotected Areas isbasedon uropean policy uropean policy and biodiversity. environmental policy, related on nature to the part conservation framework ofEuropean Communityinthearea ofmarine 2008/56/ ECof17June 2008onestablishmentofanaction of theFramework Directive fortheMarine Strategy (Directive fauna andflora). At thesametime,lawensures transposition May ofnaturalhabitatsandwild 1992,fortheconservation Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EECoftheCouncil21 (IUCN).Thelawisgenerallyinlinewiththe Conservation the IUCN criteria. the IUCNcriteria. and thestatuslevel ofprotection foreacharea are basedon of the Republic of Albania. territory The classification of areas through sixmanagementcategories,which are applicableinthe andnatural landscapes. reserves and regenerationthe preservation ofnaturalhabitats,species, of protected areas. Protected areas are establishedtoensure of biodiversity andnature asawhole,through theestablishment protection forkeycomponentsofnaturalresources, insupport This lawr The purpose of this law is to provide special egulates the conservation of protected areas ofprotected areas egulates theconservation and damagestotheecologicalintegrity. tools againsthumanexploitation,mismanagement,pollution, asmitigation and understandingofmarineecosystems;serving arine andcoastalprotected areas are regarded as integrity ofasegmenttheecosystem;increase knowledge are thestructure, function,and well managed,theyconserve elementsfortheecosystemmanagement. important When they P Managed Resources / Species Management N Reserve /Scientific rotected Landscapes Resources’ Reserve Protected Area of C C C atural Monument Natural Reserve Area /Managed C C C N and Seascapes Strict Natural ategory CATEGORY ategory ategory H ategory ategory ategory ational Park abitat and Reserve M III IV VI II V I

Table ofdefinitions 2:Comparison ofprotected areas managementcategories entertainment withinanormallifestyleandeconomic entertainment environment, which require a special human interference. environment, whichrequire aspecialhumaninterference. are mixed culturallandscapesandhighnaturalscenic To protect thenaturalresources ofthearea forfuture (relaxation National andentertainment). parks are large activity intheseareas. Areas fallingintothiscategory areas whichfocus isonprotection ofspecialfeatures. importance whichareimportance characteristicofaharmonious characteristics (unprecedented). Theyare fairlysmall importance, duetotheirspecialinterestimportance, andunique value, where thetraditionaluseoflandispreserved. human interaction with the earth andenvironment human interactionwiththeearth representative examplesofthenaturalenvironment To protect naturalfeatures andpreserve ofnational education, and conservation ofgeneticresourceseducation, andconservation in in normalcondition,order tohave ecologically areas of natural characteristics unchanged by human areas ofnaturalcharacteristics unchangedby human harm resources. This is a temporary category used category harm resources. Thisisatemporary use andprevent development activitiesthatcould To protect naturalareas andspecialscenicbeauty, of activities, where disposal ofresources isnot allowed. To protect nature andmaintainnaturalprocesses To naturalconditionsto protect ensure thenecessary national and international importance for scientific forscientific national andinternationalimportance for scientificstudies,environmental monitoring, the species, group of species and biotic communities the species,group ofspeciesandbioticcommunities A controlled useofsomeresources may beallowed. To thenaturallandscapesofnational preserve of national importance or physical features of the orphysicalfeaturesof nationalimportance ofthe purposes, educationalandrecreational activities during theirusefortourism,recreation and until apermanentclassificationis made. dynamic situationandevolution. of Management Categories IUCN / WCPA, Definition

the IUCNtailored categories. legal andmodernscientificmethods,inaccordance with of biologicaldiversity, naturalandculturalassets,managedby water, marineandcoastalterritoriesassignedfortheprotection Natural formations(includingspecialwoods)with anarea populated and under constant pressure to be populated of nationalandregional are importance, declared strict up to 50 hectares, unique geological and geomorphologic up to50hectares, uniquegeologicalandgeomorphologic changeable, representing bio-centers andbio-corridors large proportions arelarge proportions naturalecosystems,littleaffected territories, withhard accessorareas thatare stillrarely U reserves (areareserves ofmanagementhabitatsandspecies). specially protected areas orthoseusedforeducational endangered species or of special important scientific and endangered scientificand species orofspecialimportant of regional orareas andlocal importance withplants, characteristic developed relief andavariety ofmarine Territories representing bio-centersandbio-corridors by human activity, where plants,animalsandnatural Areas includingwide,fairlyisolatedanduninhabited natural value, formedby naturalecosystemsoreasily physical environment are scientificand ofparticular educational importance areeducational importance declared nationalparks. unique fornationalandinternationalvalues, which or landecosystems,withhistoricalmonuments,are Wide territories,usuallylargerthan1000hectares, Territories thatare largerthan1000hectares, with a clear uncertainty for thefuturea clearuncertainty intensive use, are nder theAlbanianlaw, “Protected Areas» are land, and widelyused,whichare inappropriate orhave Territories nosmallerthan50hectares, ofspecial and culturalstudy, are declared managednatural harmonious andwell-formed landscapes,witha animals, mineralsandpaleontologicalfindings, formation, a mineral deposit or a habitat of a rare formation, amineraldepositorhabitatofrare declared protected areas ofmanagedresources. esthetic value, are declared naturalmonuments. Definition ofcategoriesaccording declared Protected Landscapes. to Albanianlegislation natural reserves.

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 27 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 28 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) Action Plan forBiodiversity (SAPB). cutting Environmental Strategy (CES) and the Strategy and is incorporatedinthesectoral strategicdocuments:Cross- in order topromote environmental sustainability. Thisgoal standards, thevitaltaskoffighting environmental degradation environment isdirectly connectedwithenvironmental of thelegislationwithacquiscommunitaire inthearea of 108),harmonization 70/3andArticle (SAA) (Article As defined by the Stabilization andAssociation Agreement linked withacquiscommunitaire intheenvironmental area. of theAction Plans andPrograms oftheAlbanianGovernment. (EN) ofthecountry, isconsidered asoneoftheparamountgoals protected areas, asabasisforthecreation ofEcological Network the country. Expansion andconsolidationofthenetwork of ofthehighestbiodiversity forpreservation in instrument system isbeingmore thanever evaluated asanimportant concerns inthelong-termnationaldevelopment. and marineareas, protected areas etc, are some of themain of forests, above and underground water pollution in land urban andindustrialcenters,massive erosion ofsoil,damage rotection of nature and sustainable use of loss ofmajornaturalvalues, highlevels ofairpollutionin Government. Prevention ofenvironmental degradation, natural resources isoneoftheprioritiesAlbanian 1.4Policy andlegal framework landscapes outsidethisnetwork. PA representative network, aswell asecosystems,habitatsand the territoriesincludedinProtected Areas (PA) andwithinthe the Nature 2000Network, specifyingthatSCAsare declared the declarationofSpecial Areas» (SCAs)within Conservation DCM no. 897,dated21.12.2011«On approval for ofrules of committeesforthemanagementprotected areas» and resources ;DCMno. 86,dated11.02.2005«On establishment and sustainableuseofprotected areas andnaturalbiological framework forthedeclaration,administration,management of protected areas andbuffer zones,» whichcompletesthelegal 24.04.2003 «On theprocedure ofdesignationanddeclaration areas. Important value is also attached to DCM no. 267, dated designation, area anddegree surface oftheprotection ofitssub- has theapproving authorityofprotected area, specifiesthe human activitiesinthearea andtheirimpactonnature. of sub-areas, consideringthenature ofthearea, typesof harmony withthelevel ofprotection required by thefeatures other sub-areas of the territory. Also, division of areas is in traditional usearea, area ofsustainabledevelopment, and area division may include the central area, recreation area, of theircomponentshabitatsandecosystems.Internal protected area isdividedintosub-areas, aspertheimportance 6.6.2002 «On Protected of Areas» explains that the territory amendments andadditionstotheLawno. 8906,dated P The D The Lawno N Conser ature protection isoneoftheprioritysub-areas ecision of Council of Ministers (DCM), which ecision ofCouncil of Ministers (DCM),which vation ofnature withintheProtected Area . 9868, dated 04.02.2008 «On some . 9868,dated04.02.2008«On some

management ofprotected areas. (CoM) orministriesrelated tothe study, declarationand of bylaws, decisionsandorders oftheCouncilMinisters management ofprotected areas iscomplemented by aseries Current legislationfortheprotection ofbiodiversity andthe legislation regarding theprotected areas andbiodiversity. the harmonizationofAlbanianlegislationwithEU line ministriesandstakeholders,isattemptingtocomplete decrees, ministerialorders, andstandards. instructions actssuchasbylaws, governmentalsupporting decisions, on thishierarchy: Constitution,legislation,andnormative which Albaniaisaparty. meets therequirements ofinternationalconventions, to being draftedwiththeassistanceofforeign and experts laws are already present inlegislation.Thislegislationis standards. Also,themainprinciplesofEUenvironmental to theextentof85-90%theirprovisions. EC) and the Directive on Habitats (92/43 / EC) are transposed Protected Areas», amendedin2008. Biodiversity» of2006(amended),andLaw2002«On oftwolaws,respectivelyvirtue theLaw«On Protection of Management ofProtected Areas. are oftheprocess considered ofIntegrated part asacrucial including residents andstakeholdersofnaturalresources, resources by localresidents andstakeholders.Theseconcepts, ofnaturalvalues andsustainableuseof natural conservation areas are based on the coordination of actions for the mentioned lawsinthemediumterm. bylaws following theimplementation ofthetwoabove- is expectedthrough theformulationandapproval ofother Hunting», no. 10253dated11.03.2010.Full approximation harmonized withthelaw«Ondated 23.01.2008andfurther line with the law«On protection of wild fauna», no.10006, already inanadvanced stage.The Directive for Birds isin directives ofEuropean Union (EU)fornature protection is Protected Areas (APA). plans, strengthening thecapacityofAdministrations of Areas and effective implementation of their management achieved through theexpansionofterritoriesProtected Thesefundamentalgoals are plannedtobe their survival. status for the wild fauna and flora species, which will ensure habitats andecosystems,achievement ofthefavorable good managementinitsthree componentlevels: species, and sustainable use of biodiversity,conservation through The D The D The The maingoalsofthisar The ne The M The legalframe Albanian legislationisclearlyinspir process of harmonization with the main irective onBirds/ (codified version 2009/147 inistry ofEnvironment, incooperationwith inistry w conceptsofmanagementprotected irective onHabitats istransposedby work fornature protection isbased ea are focusedonthe ed by theEU Law no. 10253,dated11.02.2010"On Law no. 8906,dated06.06.2002"On international tradeofendangered species and proceduresestablishment of rules for Law no. 9867,dated31.01.2008"On CITES Convention (onInternational Trade of Lawno. 8905,dated06.06.2002"On Framework Directive 2000/60/EC,EU Endangered Species ofwildfaunaandflora). Barcelona Convention "On Protection "On the conservation of natural habitats ofnaturalhabitats "On theconservation Berne Convention "On theprotection World Convention onProtected Areas Law no. 9587,dated20.07.2006"On protection ofthemarineenvironment Bonn Convention "On protection of Law nr.9867, dated31.01.2008"On Directive oftheCouncil92/43/EEC Territory Plan ofthearea ofHimara Convention onBiological Diversity. of wildfloraandfaunanatural of Mediterranean from pollution". Law no. 111/2012"On integrated the protection ofbiodiversity", as management ofwaterresources". Directive 2009/147/EC"On the Law no. 107/2014"On territory of wildfaunaandflora"CITES. Law no. 64,dated31.05.2012 from pollutionanddamages". Protected Areas", asamended. Vlora District Strategic Plan. planning anddevelopment." preservation ofwildbirds".preservation migratory wildlifespecies" migratory protection ofwildfauna". environment inEurope". and wildfaunaflora". (WCPA) ofIUCN. Water Framework. "On fishing". Municipality. Legislation Hunting". amended. Table 3.ofManagementProtected ofthemainrestrictions description Brief Areas types, populations,andhabitatswhere theylive, migrationroutes, andtoensure theirrequirements The focusofthisLawisprotection, managementandcontrol ofwildfauna,withtheaimtopreserve International Union forNature (IUCN).Thelawalso regulates thedevelopment Conservation andmitigation areas, biodiversity andnature, by creating anetwork ofprotected areas basedonthesystemofcategories The purposeofthelawistoprovide components ofnatural specialprotection foranumberofimportant or permanent,internalseawaters,territorialexclusive economiczones, continentalshelf, The aimofthelawistoprotect andimprove water, theseaenvironment andsurface eithertemporary marine andinternalwaters,through thepromotion ofsustainabledevelopment activitieswithinthe The Law regulates thegeneralfishingactivityanditsmanagement,ensures the protection oflifein that theinternationaltradeorder andavoids doesnotthreaten mistreatment theirsurvival, during rules andproceduresThe Lawestablishes toimplementtheprovisions ofCITEConvention, inorder and tourismactivity, andthesustainablemanagementofhunting,consideringwildlifeasanationalasset rules and This Lawestablishesthe requirements leisure forthedevelopment ofhuntingasatraditionalsport, through theintegrationofkeyelementsbiodiversity inthestrategies,plans,programs anddecision- The aimoftheLawistoprotect biologicaldiversity, andpreserve maintainsustainableuseofitscomponents, natural andculturalresources. Landscapevalues ofthearea are treated withspecialsignificance,and Also, softformsofmasstourismandsustainableshouldbedeveloped inrelation to priority forlocaldevelopment, aimingatsustainablehighqualitytourismdevelopment standards. The visionofterritorialdevelopment hasplacedtourismandculturalnatural resources asabasic land, naturalresources,in andtoensure amore efficientfunctioning ofthesystemthrough publicinvolvement The main purpose of this law is to ensure through a sustainablethe development rational use of of the territory development of sustainable tourism is ranked the first (followed by rural development and light industry), as development ofsustainabletourismisrankedthefirst(followed as rural development andlightindustry), by This Plan buildsthree scenariosforadiversified economicdevelopment important oftheterritory, where the which reduce waterquality, damagetheseaandcoaststreams, endangerfaunaandflora,threaten prevention andremedial measures. Thismaybecaused by humanactivitiesatseaandincoastalareas, The aimofthislawistoprotect themarineenvironment from pollutionanddamage, by meansof The aim of this Convention is to preserve all kinds of migratory marine, landandwaterspecies,inall The aimofthisConvention allkindsofmigratory istopreserve The scopeof Berne Convention istoensure ofwildfloraandfaunatheirnatural thepreservation network of landandmarineprotected areas", providing anadditionalcontributiontotheIUCNmission. WCPA missionis"topromote theestablishmentandeffective management ofaworldwide representative materials. Pursuant tothisConvention, otherprotocols are signed,suchasthe ones“On Special Protected The aimistoprotect watersofthe Mediterranean Sea from pollution,hydrocarbons andotherharmful sustainableuseandequitablesharingofbenefits. of conservation, Protected Areas are recognized aseconomic The aimofthisConvention istoestablishasystemofprotected areas, whichmanagementisconductedinsupport This Directive setsaframeworkforactioninthearea ofwaterpolicy, forabetterquantitative andqualitative status The main goal of the EU Habitats Directive is to protect biodiversity in Europe and theestablishment The aim of this Directive is to create a comprehensive scheme ofprotection forall wild bird species Member States ofthisConvention are obligedtoimplementtheobligationsforallspecies threatened of “environmental tourism",othereconomicbenefits,andprovides publicinformationandeducation. institutions, whichplayakeyrole infightingpoverty andprotection ofcriticallifesystemsfor residents. of theterritorialwatersintegrity(includingmarineuptoseveral milesfrom theshore). Relevant Restrictions/ forthemanagementofProtected Opportunities Area found intheEuropean Union area, andthecreation ofspecialprotection areas. the process ofdecision-makinganddevelopment plansforthecontrol ofterritory. Areas" and"On Protection ofBiodiversity intheMediterranean Region". human health,andhindernormalactivitiesofthisenvironment. maritime spaceandinlandwatersoftheRepublic ofAlbania. transboundary waters,underground waters,andtheirstatus. transboundary well asevaluation of existing naturalandculturalattractions. protected by inappropriate buildings/developments. by extinction,whichmaybeaffected by trade. areas where themigrationispresent. for food,shelterandbreeding. managed andprotected by law. of special conservation areas. of specialconservation their internationaltrading. making atalllevels. habitats. Source: ofEnvironment Ministry

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 29 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 30 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) Albania. Themaintasksofthe MoE are to: policy-making andmonitoringrole fortheprotected areas in 1.5Institutional coordinating functionandinformationtoensure abetter plan. Theadministrationstaffofthe protected area playsa protected areas andtheimplementationofmanagement for the administrationand management of biodiversity and Regional Administrations ofProtected Areas) isresponsible established inFebruary 2015,withitsregional structures (the owners ofbuildingsandobjectsincludedintheprotected areas. developed incooperationwithmanaginginstitutionsand

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS • • • • • National Environment Agency Regional Environment Agency ollow monitoringofthemanagementandoperation pprove andannounceplansforthemanagementof rovide publicawareness fortheapproved protected ormulate legalprocedures forproposal and adoption repare and publish plans of areas tobe declared ENVIRONMENT (MoE) National TerritoryCouncil National WaterCouncil plan forthehabitatsandspecies. lakes intheseareas ; protection ofwaterandnaturalresources andartificial vulnerableplantsandanimals,for particularly protected areas, programs forprotection ofspecies the conditionsfortheirprotection ; and paleontologicaldiscovery, andfurnishdetailsof animals, tobespeciallyprotected, miningmaterials areas, natural monuments, speciesofplants and P F A of aprotected area, andrelated ; managementrules F government authorities; protected after obtaining the opinion of the local P MINISTRY OF Institutions The M The N M (NWC) (C (NTC) (NEA) NAPA (REA) anagement plans and protection programs anagement plansandprotection programs o M) Table 4. Role services resources ofstakeholders inthemanagementofnatural andecosystem inistry of Environment (MoE) has the primary ofEnvironment (MoE)inistry hastheprimary ational AgencyforProtected Areas, S NEA is subordinate to the MoE and responsible for environmental protection. NEA exercises thefunctions conferred by the coordination ofactivities,leadingtolong-term development andprosperity, whileprotecting thenature andawareness integrationinEuropeanand supporting Union. promotion Thismission willbeaccomplished and by participation, the environment, forests ofasustainabledevelopment, andwaters,inview improving thequalityoflifepeople MOE missionistodevelop andpropose policies,strategiesandactionplansfortheprotection andmanagement of territory, theformulationofnational territorialplansby relevant supports planningauthoritiesandensures thattheymeet authority onterritorialplanning.Besides otherpowers, CoMpromotes development andplanningpoliciesrelated tothe Council ofMinisters (CoM)isthehighestexecutive bodyanddecisionmakingauthority for theenvironment, national tructuring implementation ofprocedures related toenvironmental licenses,andthecollectionprocessing ofinformationand NTC isadecisionmakingbodyresponsible fortheapproval ofterritorialplanning.It ofthenationalinstruments isa NWC isthehighestcoordination anddecision-makingbodyatthecentrallevel forthe integratedmanagementof laws "On Environmental Protection", "On environmental permits," and "On environmental impactassessment". REA issubordinate totheMoE. Its lawenforcement onenvironmental mainmissiontosupport protection, The National Agencyforprotected Areas isthemainauthority responsible for themanagementofprotected areas Mission androle inthemanagementofProtected Areas other dataontheenvironment atdistrictandregion level. the technicalandprocedural standards, asdefined by law. water resources, presided by thePrime Minister. supporting counciloftheCouncilMinisters.supporting conservation, biodiversity,conservation, protected areas andlandscaping. implementation oflegalpractices,inrelation tonature management issues. can significantlycontributeto resolve complexplanningand between area management authoritiesandlocal interest groups management ofprotected areas. Acooperative relationship mechanismfortheeffective protectiona supporting and area. Involvement ofstakeholdersiswidelyrecognized as and sustainableuseofnaturalresources intheprotected role goodmanagement andresponsibility fortheconservation, environment. responsibilities oftherespective ministriesresponsible forthe all functionsrelated toinspectioninaccordance withthe environmental protection andforestry. It isresponsible for oflegalrequirementsensure theobservance intheareas of Ministers no.103, dated04.002.2015,whichmissionisto oftheDecision(SIEF) issetupby ofCouncil virtue Decision of theCouncilofMinisters no. 86,dated11.02.2005. and responsibilities ofthecommitteesare definedinthe Committees are established.Composition,functions,duties management plans in protected areas, the Management protected areas». no. 266,dated24.04.2003«On theAdministration staffs of tasked by the Decision oftheCouncilMinisters (DCM) Protected tasksand services Areas» alsocertain performs the taskofresponsibilities undertheprovisions ofLaw«On area. Theadministrationstaffofthe protected area, besides implemented by the administration staff ofthe protected

of publicopinion. The S I M S n order tooversee theimplementationof takeholders, both at central and local level, have a takeholders, bothatcentralandlocallevel, have a anagement plans and conservation programs areanagement plansandconservation tate Inspectorate ofEnvironment andForesty AND ENTERPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRENEURSHIP MINISTRY OFECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE (MTI) National Agency for Territorial MINISTRY OFDEFENCE Civil Society, Environmental MINISTRY OFCULTURE AND INDUSTRY (MoEI) AGRICULTURE, RURAL MUNICIPAL COUNCIL, WATER MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT, TRADE Operational Centre (IMOC) Fishermen, culture -marine National Urban Construction MINISTRY OFENERGY GOVERNMENT (MLG) Inter-Ministerial Maritime MINISTRY OFURBAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT AND MINISTRY OFLOCAL DISTRICT COUNCIL, National CoastlineAgency Environment andForestry TOURISM (MUDT) TRANSPORT AND Inspectorate (NUCI) State Inspectorate of Planning (NATP) MINISTRY OF MINISTRY OF (MARDWM) Institutions HIMARA. (MEDTE) Shepherds VLORA. Business (MOD) NGOs. (MoC) (NCA) (SIEF) construction, rehabilitationconstruction, wastemanagement,planning.Other and maintenanceoflocalroads, publictransport, The Municipal Council has, interalia, the functions of water supply, sanitation, sewerage, drainage and irrigation, They are interested incommunication,awareness andeducationissues related totheprotection ofnaturalenvironment, fishing including local fishermen, artisanal groups (small fishermen), and to promote ecotourism and fishing tourism Fishermen andmarine-culture are interested tousethemarinespaceforfishing,semi-naturalgrowth offishspecies, quality level of services, infavor ofabalancedregionalquality level development, ofservices, withtheultimategoalofcreation ofhigherstandards oflife main goalisthebestaccomplishmentofneedsandrequirements oftherespective communities,through promotion ofahigher asacoordinator betweenserving thecentralgovernment andbasicunitsoflocalgovernment, municipalitiesandcommunes.The District Councilof Vlora buildsandimplementsregional development policiesinlinewithstateattheregional level, MEDTE missionistheformulationandapplicationofgovernment policiesintheeconomic, tradeandentrepreneurship utilization ofenergyandmineralresources ofsustainableeconomic development inview andpublicutility, promotion of MoEI mission is to develop of an efficient and energyimplement supplypolicies system in support the country, the surveillance ofAlbanian maritime space, in orderthe surveillance to conduct theorganization, planning, coordination, and control of Inter-Ministerial Maritime Operational Centre (IMOC)isaninterdepartmental institutionwiththemissiontoensure accordance with the Constitution, Security Strategy, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Strategy Military and MoD missionistheformulationandimplementationofgeneralstatepoliciesonnationalsecuritydefense,in watersupply, suchasrunning MTI isresponsible fortheimplementationofpublicservices sewerageandsewage MARDWM mission is to develop a sustainable and effective management of agricultural land, irrigation system, and NCA scopeistheprotection andsustainabledevelopment ofthecoastlinearea. It isalsoresponsible fortheimplementation policies, cultural, material and spiritual heritage promotion ofreligious tolerance andculturaldialogue, and cultural MoC exercises its activity in the areas of responsibility, such as formulation, planning and development of national culture legal system for urban planning and the related control instruments of development, or any other measures pertaining to the legal systemforurbanplanningandtherelated ofdevelopment, control oranyothermeasures instruments tothe pertaining andbasedthereupon, itsuggeststotheCouncilofMinistersassessments ondevelopments intheterritory theimprovement of NATP has implementation responsibility related toterritorialplanningatnationallevel. NATP conductsstudiesand and activityare related toprinciplesandpolicies of environmental protection andimprovement ofinstitutional behavior of responsibility. Themainareas ofitsactivitiesare closely related toenvironmental welfare. Key areas ofMUDTwork MUDT isresponsible fortheformulationandimplementationoflegalframework,strategiespoliciesitsareas environment and forestry. SIEF is responsible for all functions related to inspections in accordance with the responsibilities SIEF issubordinate totheMoE withthemissiontoguaranteerespect oflegalrequirements inthearea ofprotection of of policiesfortheintegratedmanagementcoastlinearea, coordination ofprograms andpromotion ofinvestments. MLG isresponsible fortheorganizationandfunctioningoflocalgovernment andterritorialdivisionofthecountry. The shepherds are interested to usetheareas forlivestock grazinginterests, improve andincrease pasture capacities. Businesses are interested to use parts of the territory for construction andsocio-economicactivitiestourism. Businesses forconstruction are interested oftheterritory touseparts treatment, wastecollectionandtreatment, aswell asthemanagementofnationalroad network. They use the coastal marine territory for vacation, recreation,They usethecoastalmarineterritory activities,etc. waterandlandsports operations atseaarea, inaccordance withnationalandinternationalmaritimelaw. possibilities in support ofthelocallevel arepossibilities insupport toextenditsrightsandpowers. (recreational fishing) asawaytoincrease revenues andinterest inthearea. industrial development withenvironmentally friendlystandards. Mission androle inthemanagementofProtected Areas integration intheEuropean andinternationalfamily. other legislationinpower intheRepublic ofAlbania. NUCI hasakeyrole inthecontrol ofterritory. areas, inorder economicmodel. tobuildanew planning processes or other necessary measures. planning processes orothernecessary quality within the territory undermanagement. quality withintheterritory of the ministry forenvironment. of theministry drainage andfloodprotection. in environmental protection. biodiversity andlandscape.

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 31 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 32 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) in the land part oftheprotected areain thelandpart are asfollows: plants recorded inthearea ofPorto Palermo-Llaman) located scientific, ecologicalandsocio-economicperspective. from the associations, speciesofspecialnationalimportance display arichfloraandbroad diversity ofhabitats,plant recent researches inthe Southern coastal region ofAlbania while inspringthewinddirection is south-northwest. November toMarch themainwinddirection istotheEast impacts the climateconditions, especially in summer. From 8-10°C whileinAugust itrangesbetween 24-26°C. between 16.1-17.7°C.In January, airtemperature is between of theannualamountrainfallsisrecorded inspring. rainfalls belongstotheperiodofNovember-April. Only 20% snow isarare phenomenon.70-80%oftheamountannual 1,000-1,200 mm.Theyare mainlyintheformofrain,while and extension.Theannualaverage rainfallsare estimatedat area hasaMediterranean climateduetoitsgeographicposition level andbasicallyduetotherelief. In general,theprotected geographic position,largeamplitudeoftheheightabove sea These springsare alsofoundin Porto Palermo (Armeridha) Bay. ofLlamaniBay.some underseawaterspringsinthesouthernpart the EastofBorshvillageandflows into Ionian Sea. There are resources. Borshtorrent issituatedinitssouth,derivingfrom by somerivers andtorrents. PA isgenerallypoorinwater consists ofthedepositsJurassic era. erauntiltheQuaternary distinguish geologicalandphysicalprominent phenomenon. formed duetothesephenomena.Theprotected area doesnot are present inthecoastdeltastream. Attractive beachesare are covered withvarious typesofvegetation. Gravel deposits mainly formedfrom limestonerocks. Slopes alongthecoast in anumberofcasesfalldirectly intothesea.Thegradientis stretched over mainecosystemsalongtheIonian coast. thelivingoflocalpopulation. serve ecosystems, habitatsandmarinecoastalspecies,which territory. PA isestablishedtomaintaincore functionsof Albania, andincludesmarineterrestrial ofHimara parts ofPA 1.6Description system natural - egetation oflowlands orforests is andbrushwoods m height,alsopresent inPalasë-Himarë region. evergreen. It expands from maritime lowland up to900 V Climate H G G The boundariesofphysicalcontextthear The pr The maintypes B W T iodiversity: Study dataandthosecollectedfrom the emperature: Annualaverage temperatures fluctuate : Ionian coastismostlyrocky,eomorphology which ydrographical network: Thecoastalarea ispermeated eological structure oftheSouthern coastalregion ind: Being acoastalarea, theseawinddirectly otected area oftheSouthern ispart Region of : The climate is highly variable due to the : Theclimateishighly variable duetothe of vegetation (Table 5: Types of ea are erosion through stabilizingsediments withtheirrhizomes. theypreventnumber ofmaritimespecies.Likewise, coastal for maritimeecosystems.They offer foodandshelterforalarge type. It beds,whichare habitats important forms underwater anfractum endemiccommunities. marina, Lotuscytisoides,etc.,whichrepresent Crithmo-Limonietum maritimum, Limonium anfractum, Elymus pycnanthus, Desmazeria movement of waves. of Vegetation ofmaritimerocks. The xero-halophytic vegetation Paliurus spina-christi. Acanthus spinosus, Trifolium angustifolium,Brassica incana, Urginea gryllus, aestivus,Chrysopogon maritima,Asphodelus Spartium junceum,Ruscus aculeatus,Asparagus acutifolius, aparine, Pistacia terebinthus, Salvia triloba,Calicotome villosa, Lotus cytisoides, PhlomisGlaucium fruticosa, flavum, Galium feotida,Salvia triloba, mainly consistsofspecieslikeAnagyrris ------egetation communitiesdominatedby Euphorbia dendroides, ensely leafedforests are ever green Orno-Quercetum (Asoc. orests dominated by Quercus ithaburensis subsp. aduceus oakforests Quercetum (Assoc. frainetto). They egetation ofMediterranean pseudo–steppe,dominated hrygana/Frigana. It iscomposedoflow brushwood, Crithmo-Limonietea classdominatesthelowest layer above the F C V interesting androughly uniqueinAlbania. 100 m).Theassociationsof Euphorbia are considered more as well as in Porto Palermo. It exhibits at low heights (50- alongthemaritimearea, encountered parts inparticular Euphorbietum dendroides). Thistypeof vegetation is Pistacia lentiscus-Allianca Oleo-Ceratonion Pistacxio- (Assoc. V Qeparo, in thevicinityofprotected area. ilicis), are also located in the region of Himarë and D P period. relict speciessincetertiary in Himarë-Porto Palermo region andisconsidered asa 30-40 cm.Thistypeofforests islocatedhere andthere is at 0,3mheight;themaximumdiameteroftrunk at 1-2 m height; the layer of grass covers roughly 30 % at 7 m height; the layercovers of brushwood 50-60 % species ofoakforests: thelayer oftrees covers 60-70% macrolepis (known asoaktree of Vlorë), isadominating Himarë region. are alsoencountered inthewestern slopesof Vuno- southern coastline,includingHimarë- Qeparo region. encountered at0-900mheight,alongtheentire over calcareous rocks. Parts of meadow are commonly dominated by grass, mainly Brachypodium ramosum, has triggered pseudo-steppetypevegetation, whichis ramosi). Thedegradationcaused by overgrazing orfires by Brachypodium ramosum Brachypodium (Assoc. of thisarea. Salvia Lare fruticosa characteristicofthecommunity ). PhlometumEven fruticosae the associations with dominated by (assoc.Chrysopogono- Phlomis fruticosa closetoeach-otherand roughly 60cmhigh,notvery The maritimemeado The floristic The ordinary types inThe this ordinary area are Crithmum composition of this community Magnoliophytes w isofmaritimeMagnoliophytes and central parts ofthe and centralparts Western Mediterranean andAdriatic (Lithophyllum byssoides ), whichare inthenorthern ordinary by thepresence ofcalcareous formations,mainlyred algae salination. easily adaptabletothesuddenchangeoftemperature and The organismspopulatingthismediolittoralsceneare of maritime area subjected to the movement of waves. locations between 20-60mdepth. This habitatisencountered in various /nuances. shadows enclave in thebiocenosisofinfralittoralalgae,whichfavor circalittoral area, butcanbeparticularly encountered asan accompaniedby Halophilanodosa spots,partly stipulacea. have been identifiedsmallareas covered withCymodocea Albanian Flora (2013). 1992). priority (Guideline for Habitats EU 92/43/CEE, May 21, isahighnationalandinternational and itspreservation habitatsoftheMediterranean,among themostimportant shallow and middle depth. Posidonia oceanica meadow is the mostabundant type, whichformshugemeadows of stipulacea. Posidonia oceanica or themaritime meadow is area: No. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Posidonia oceanica,Cymodocea nodosaandHalophila Posidonia oceanicaisalsoincludedintheRed Listof L B A I Ther n theshallow waters(2-3m)withinthebay, there ithophyllum byssoides Habitat. It ischaracterized iocenosis oflow mediolittoral rocks . It isapart ssociations ofcoralogenous to biocenosispertain Biocenosis barren ofinfralittoralalgae/partly bottom Association withC.nodosaandHalophila stipulacea e are three typesofplantspresent inthe Posidonia oceanicameadows Precoraligenous assemblage Rare meadow ofPosidonia Dead matteofPosidonia Cymodocea nodosabeds TYPE HABITATS Grand Total Sand Table typesinPorto ofHabitat 5:List Palermo

substrates and shelter for a wide variety of animals. substrates andshelterforawidevariety ofanimals. and thesameasmaritimemeadow. Further, theycanofferfood, green producer important macroalgae, whichare theprimary as Posidonia oceanica)tosurvive. possible forvascular maritimeplantsor“fanerogame” (such has beennormallyfixed atthemaximumdepth,where itis appearance, (suchasCystoseira), whereas thelowest border by thepresence ofvegetation thatcannottoleratethelong always submerged.Theupperborder ismainlycharacterized PeyssoneliaPhymatolithon lenormandii, sppetc. area, where there grow typesofHildenbrandia prototypus, ofthestudied part and alongthecoastlineofnorthern the water. Some ofthesehabitatsare present withinthebay to theruptures orentrancesofcaves thatare outside partly ofPortocoastline inthenorth Palermo area. Sea. Fragments (isolatedpillows) are present only alongthe algae, polychaetes, mollusksandcrustaceans. to organisms andothernethicorganisms,whichmainlypertain characterized by highandrichspecies.It sheltersepibiontic Porto Palermo. Thisassociationincludesmanylayers andis belts, mainlyintheexposedcoastlineofarea of north the firstrank ofinfralittoralheightandcreates in placed is Area -Hectare 227.6 474.2 186.5 33.2 18.9 1.3 0.8 5.9 0.1 A B The infralittoralstageisabenthicenvir B iocenosis ofinfralitoral algae,includesbrown, red and iocenosis ofmediolittoral caves . Theycorrespond ssociation withCystoseira amentaceavar. 100.00 % 39.34 % %/Total 47.99 % 0.27 % 7.00 % 3.98 % 0.17 % 0.02 % 1.24 % onment, spicata,

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 33 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 34 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) buildings and services are concentrated inHimarabuildings andservices town. ecotourism andtraditionalcultural activities.Most ofthe hunting, fishingandaquaculture, wateruse,tourismand and pastures,land, livestock, medicinalplants,forestry economic development. Themainsources are agricultural activities, have agreat fortheregion importance andits the protected area andsurrounding areas, especiallyrural and 532hectares ofolive trees. hectares trees 34hectares offruit andcitrus, ofvineyards The region hasabout715hectares ofagriculturalland,121 imara Region iscomposedofHimara town of these some 4,800 inhabitants are of Himara Municipality. Kudhës andPilur. This region hasatotalof9.938inhabitants, along withvillagesofPalasa, Gjileka,Dhërmi, Iliaz, Qeparo, system, includinglandownership of socio-economic 1.7Description The mainsocio-economicactivitiesr H Map 3:MainPAMap seahabitats elated to Traditional systems continuetobethebasisfortheirgrowth. of sheepandgoats,whilethe numberofcattleislimited. adapted toregional conditions.It isdominated by flocks and theydonothave anorganized placefortheirmarketing. difficulties relatedtotheagricultural products processing, mostly consumedby thelocalmarket. Manufacturers face agricultural andforest plants.Agricultural production is the weather conditionsare favorable forthecultivation of Also, is generallylimited.Landofgoodqualityandfertile. products are becauseagriculturalland ofspecialimportance administration of Vlora Forestry Directorate. Service and 100hectares withMediterranean bushesare underthe Municipality whilethearea around 4hectares ofEuphorbia 185 hectares of pasture is owned and managed by Himara state-owned, municipalandprivate property. Anarea of Liv A Land o griculture and agriculturalproducts. These estock. Cultivation oflivestock speciesiswell wnership. Landstatusisdividedinto and vacation. Marine waters are entertainment used for fishing, sports, morphological conditionsand difficultuseofterritory. in theprotected areas isnotusedbecauseofthegeo- individually, atshallow waters. nets) isdeveloped inrecent years. Fishing ispracticed area. Themarineculture (fishingwithbasketsandspecial business activityintheseaiscarriedoutPorto Palermo the region andshores oftheIonian Sea. Thefish breeding high qualityofseafish,duetoitsgeographicalpositionin are awidevariety offishspecies.The area isknown fora activity iscarriedoutmainlyby thefishingboatfleet.There source forfishingandmarine-culture.important Sea fishing Llamani area and especially the numerous bays are an woodcocks,wildducks,etc. turtle, families andvisitors. Most huntedspeciesare hare, grouse, it isalsoamaineconomicactivityforgroup ofresident recreationalBesides thefactthatitisanimportant activity, land isusedforpasture. area occupiedby forests intheProtected Area. Most ofthe incidents. extreme use for grazing purposes and continuous burning for medicinalplants, there isalow interest, mainly due to as medicinalplants.Althoughthearea hasahighpotential additional source ofincomeforthelocalpopulation,such natural resources asan thatcanbecollectedandserved and internationalinterest. vegetation, includingtherare endangered speciesofnational is ahigh-riskandconstantthreat totherecovery ofnatural is themosteffective and easiestway toimprove them.This burned by shepherds, whobelieve thatburningofpastures unless itiscontrolled andmanagedasquicklypossible. a majorthreat ofpotentialhabitatsandendangered species, impact ofgrazingwasunder-estimatedinthisarea; itwillbe and are closetothecoastline.Although spread very develop inthefuture.potential tofurther beekeeping are presently oflimitedactivity, but with great breeding likebirds, horsesandbees.Horses, poultry, their products. Thisarea isalsoknown for various animal increasing demandforhigherconsumptionofmeatand a result ofthedemandforlivestock products andthe avourable pasture conditionsproviding thefood Protected Area. for livestock are ofthe present almostinthewholeterritory F M The hillsar P G F U F H astures/grazing oftensignificantlyaffecthabitats orestry andpasture . There isa reduction ofthe ishing andmarine-culture. Porto Palermo- se ofwaters.Theirrigationanddrainage system rowth oflivestock development hascomeas unting. Hunting isanoldtraditionofthearea. edicinal plants. The region is rich of other ound Porto Palermo Bay are often

and tourists. centersforvisitors hotels andrestaurants, especiallyservice ofDefense.jurisdiction oftheMinistry within theProtected Area, which are stillunderthe remains.prehistoric andarchaeological underwater area animportant forresearchcertainly andexplorationof population. interpretation, promoting welfare thatbenefitstolocal build environmental awareness through environmental enjoy and thenaturalheritage,encourageitsconservation, Ecotourism isawayofnature tourismwhichaimisto hiking, climbing,nature walking,andculturaltourismetc. of activitiesfortourismsuchasswimming,watersports, and culturalpotentialsofthearea, offeringahigher variety Llamani region. Recently, tourismhasbetterusedthenatural especially inHimara, itssurroundings andPorto Palermo- values. Tourism hassomepositive developments inrecent years, area. In fact,thearea offersnatural,culturalandhistorical These activities are a main source of economic income in the in Porto Palermo. means ofasmallharbour, mainlyforfishingandthearmyuse Protectedthe Areaterritory. Sea transport is performed by of managementhabitatsandspecies)/Nature Park. cultural study, are declared managed natural (areareserves specially protected areas orthoseusedforeducational and with plants, animals, minerals and paleontological findings, and bio-corridors ofregional orareas and localimportance is definedasfollows: « Territories representing bio-centers of «Managed Nature IV of IUCN, which Reserve», category Palermo-Llamani Bay» meets thecriteriaforprotection status Area», paragraph1.1.Selection criteria,thearea «Porto andDescription ofMarineOverview andcoastalProtected which are inharmonywiththoseofIUCN. as amended,definessixdifferent categoriesof protected areas, structure. 1.8Current andplannedgovernance c. b. a. ovement offthe assigned roads ofmeanstransport

eposit chemicals ; and parking areas ; M lakes andwetland systems; Change thenaturastatusof water r D Ar Transpor O E T S F B Law no ervice hotelsandrestaurantservice . There are few or this category ofprotected area isprohibitedor thiscategory to: ourism, ecotourismandrecreational activities. ased onthislaw, asanalyzed andarguedinPart 1: ducation andscientific research. This is ther usefulpresence inthearea: my. There baseslocated are formermilitary . 8906,dated6.6.2002«On Protected Areas» t. Himara- Qeparo road passesnextto eserves, springs, eserves,

I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL 35 PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) 36 I. DESCRIPTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA (MCPA) another dimension to human presence in shaping the landscape. use oflandforgrazing. Traditional hutsandanimalsheltersgive lasting traditional experienceoffishing by meansofnetsandthe offisheriesandlivestockdata from emphasizes experts thelong- reflected inthelandscape,except forsomecasesoffires. Also, problematic issues. Theuse oflandandlocaleconomy are not dominatingthenature withtheexception ofsomerecent Human are stillinharmonywithnature, interventions theyare coastline withbaysandpeninsulas,bluecleansea. is exceptionallyhighmountains,rocky beautifulwithvery List: Natural Monuments of Vlora District). Thelandscape historical, archaeological andspiritualsignificance. Nature Park Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay, underthecultural, with nature significant givevaluetothe aspecialandvery ofthecultural 1.9Description

the Nature Park “GjiriIPorto Palermos -Llamani”. responsible fortheprotection andcontrol ofactivitieson urgently provided withatleasttwoadditionalstaff(rangers) Administration of Protected Areas. The agencyshould be and administrationoftheNature Park isthe Vlora Region environmental permit. legal provisions, maybeexercised onlyafterhavingan

d. g. f. e.

of plants, minerals, paleontological findings, reserve ; reserve providing objectives ofthe infoontheconservation those andotherposterssignsapart advertisments Establishment ofsignboar defence purposes; Establishment andoperationofmilitar assigned places. Alpine climbing,skiing,campingandfir stones ; Collection This isanar The landsca The r O ther activitiesnotexplicitlyprohibited by symbiotic relationship of coexistence of man esponsible authorityforthemanagement ea of outstanding natural beauty (See the ea ofoutstandingnaturalbeauty(See the pe andheritage. ds, informationtabkes, y structures for es outside beautiful andmajestic. Natural beautyalongwiththesevalues becomeseven more region more attractive fortheforeign andAlbaniantourists. of theCoast.Thesehistoricalandcultural values render the with alltheirstrength intheexceptional polyphonicsongs Qeparo village,theOld Castleetc. House ofAliPasha, St. Demetrio’s Monastery, Church Bell of Old Qeparo village, with characteristic architecture houses; given thecityname(Spile), Saint Marina Church. In Qeparo: architecture houses.In Himara town : Omar Cave, whichhas Athali’s Church, theoldneighborhoodwithcharacteristic Akipeshkopi’s Church, Kasiopi’s Church, St. Pandoni’s Church, BC uptoMedievalbelonging tothe3rd century period, of aculturalmonument. St. Nicholas Church. Since 1948,thisCastlehasthestatus historical sitesasthePorto Palermo Castle(AliPasha) and with characteristicarchitecture ofthearea. Iliaz village: Stavridis Monastery. In Vuno village: Houses architecture houses, Vreto andKumi family Towers etc.In the oldneighborhoodofDhërmi villagewithcharacteristic Church, Pirates Cave, Parashqevi Cave, St. Nicholas Church, Monastery (St. Mary’s), St. Theodor Monastery, St. Stephen’s several sites ofhistoricalvalues suchas:In Dhërmi: Panaja city inBorsh),Kestrine etc. settled, below theroyal watersource ofMeandria (ancient Akrokeraunes coasts,where thestrongholds Himara were (Pliny states thatthenameKaoncomesfrom Chaonesof tribes were inpossessionofEpirus before Mollos. Pliny tribe ofEpirus, alongwithMollos andThesprotias. Kaon Himara wasthesettlementof theKaontribe,animportant B.C. Writtencentury sources indicatethatinancienttimes, past history. Himara isanancientsettlementsincethefifth impor

tant forthevalues associatedwithidentityandthe I Also, withintheterritor W The culturalheritageofthesoutherncoastis N n oldHimara village:Himara Castle,afortress atural beautiesandthefolkspiritare reflected ithin the park territory there areithin thepark territory someimportant y ofHimara there are 37 © RAC/SPA, Audimage 38 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA spina-christi. spinosus, Trifolium angustifolium,Brassica incana, Paliurus Acanthus gryllus, aestivus,Chrysopogon maritima, Asphodelus junceum, Ruscus aculeatus,Asparagus acutifolius, Urginea terebinthus, Salvia triloba,Calicotome villosa,Spartium GlauciumPhlomis fruticosa, flavum, Galium aparine, Pistacia feotida,Salvia triloba,Lotuscytisoides, consists of:Anagyrris macrolepis as degradedduetoitsuncontrolled useorcontinuousburning. ( community ofthatarea. L . areassociations ofSalvia fruticosa characteristicofthe (assoc. so closetoeachotherandpredominated by Phlomis fruticosa Directive onHabitats). relevance underthecode5330EUNIS(according totheEU and almostuniqueinAlbania.It isanaturalhabitatofEC (Euphorbia dendroides) are considered themostinteresting and surrounding areas”. collected from the “Ecological Study of Porto Palermo Bay the area ofPorto Palermo-Llamani ismainlybasedondata (5) abitats andfloraoftheprotected area landscape 2.1.1Ecological 2.1 Assessment of II. A BEQIRAJ, Arjan GACE andXhemal MATO. Ed. RAC/SPA -MedMPAnet Project, Tunis. 44pp +annexes. assoc.Brachypodietum bronkial) over thelimestonerocks isexposed RA F C RAME / SS S ). Further, fruticosae Chrysopogono-Phlometum the PA -UNEP/MAP, 2013. inthePorto Ecologicalstudy Palermo Bayandsurrounding areas. ByLefter F Th V It F Associations withtheformationsofmilkwor E Ther S a. LandH D The vegetation ofQuercus ithaburensis subsp. Phrygana H orests dominated by Quercus ithaburensis subsp. chlerophile shrubs (Matoral)chlerophile shrubs lora composition of this community primarily egetation ofMediterrenean pseudo-steppes

uphorbia formations iscomposed escription ofhabitatsandspeciesinr E is formationdominated SS mo- Mediterranean andpre-desert shrubs W MENT O MENT abitats OR of nearly 60 cm high low not shrubs, K V V alues alues by Brachypodium ramosum F THE PROTE THE elation to 5 t . C TE the hillslopeonnationalroad from Himara toQeparo. indeed naturalized andexpanded,covering across largesurfaces (Mill.) Swingle. A.americana,oncecultivated forfibers,is of Porto Palermo, Agave americanaL.andAilanthusaltissima Limonietum anfractum. Lotus cytisoidesetc,representing endemiccommunitiesofCrithmo- Limonium anfractum, Elymus pycnanthus, Desmazeriamarina, The mostcommontypesinthisarea are Crithmum maritimum, dominates thelowest stratum above thelevel ofwave action. The xero-halophytic vegetation ofCrithmo-Limonietea class (Lithophyllum byssoides). the suddenchangesoftemperature and salination. populating thismediolittoralsceneare easilyadaptableto area subjectedtothemovement ofwaves. Theorganisms the Red ListoftheAlbanianFlora andFauna (seeTable 6). species are and13species are deemedimportant includedin species are registered inthearea ofPalermo. Of these,10 Brassica incanasubsp.egaeaetc. types ofrelics suchasAcis ionica,Athamanta macedonica, Capparis orientalis,Putoria calabrica,Ephedra foeminaetc. Capparo-Putorion group. Characteristictypesofthisbeltare is represented rare by andcommonvegetation avery ofthe saltsmokeduringstrong aerosaline storms, dry crystallized to 50metersinspecificcases),periodicallydusted by a andeasternsectionofthearea.northern species sincethe Tertiary periodandispresent inthehillsof macrolepis, known as Vlora oaktree, isconsidered asarelic D AREAAN The upperlay Th V S B Th I. M Solid bedsandr b. Benthicmarinecommunitiesandhabitats T A This lay olidified massesofsuppor wo typesofinvasive plantsare recorded inthearea egetation ofcoastalrocks ccording tothestudiesconducteddate,54 iocenosis oflow mediolittoralrocks e shor e mediolittoral stage is part of the maritime e mediolittoral stage is part ediolitoral area er ofrare vegetation hostssomesubendemic es ofPorto Palermo area are mostlyrocky. er of thisvegetation (from 5-6meters D ocks IN S TITUTIONAL TITUTIONAL ting organogeniccoast K A S HTA, S ajmir

II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED 39 AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 40 II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK important habitatsof theMediterraneanimportant Region. Their middle depthinPorto Palermo area. abundant type,whichformshuge meadow inshallow and stipulacea. Posidonia oceanicaorthesea-weed isthemost Posidonia oceanica,Cymodocea nodosaand Halophila with theirrhizomes. they prevent coastalerosion through stabilizingsediments and shelterforalargenumberofmaritimespecies.Likewise, habitatsformaritimeecosystems.Theyofferfood important bedsthatare maritime types,whichformtheunderwater (See Annex 3:Seaweed ofPorto Palermo ) ofbrown(fourteen) algaeand26(twenty six)ofred algae. recorded atotalof12(twelve) speciesofgreen algae,14 Inmollusks andcrustaceans. thisarea there hasbeen organisms, whichmainlybelongtoalgae,polychaetes, species. It sheltersepibionticorganismsandotherbenthic includes manylayers andischaracterized by highandrich coastline ofthearea ofPorto north Palermo. Theassociation infralittoral height.It creates beltsmainlyintheexposed shelter forawidevariety ofanimals. as maritimemeadow, theycanofferfood,substratesand producers. Thesame important algae, whichare primary (such asPosidonia oceanica)tosurvive. it ispossibleforvascular maritimeplantsor“fanerogame” border hasbeencommonlyfixed atmaximumdepthwhere tolerate thelongappearance(suchasCystoseira). Thelowest characterized by thepresence ofvegetation thatcannot that isalwayssubmerged.Theupperborder isnormally prototypus, Peyssonelia Phymatolithon lenormandii, spp.,etc. areaof the northern where there grow species like:Hildenbrandia these habitatsare present withinthebayandalongcoastline entrances ofcaverns thatare outsidethewater. partly Some of ofPortonorth Palermo area. Sea. Fragments (isolated)are present onlyalongthecoastline, ofthe and centralparts Western Mediterranean andAdriatic (Lithophyllum byssoides) thatare commoninthenorthern presence ofalgaecalcareous formations,mainlyred algae Th A Th B Th II. I Th B This habitatischaracteriz P P Thr Th S ea Grass Meadows osidonia oceanicameado osidonia oceanicameadows ssociations withCystoseira amentaceavar iocenosis ofinfralittoralalgae iocenosis ofmediolittoralcaves e mediolittoralcav e maritimemeadow isofMagnoliophytes e associationisplacedinthefirstlineof e biocenosisincludesbrown, red andgreen e infralittoralstageisabenthicenvironment ee speciesofplantsare present inthearea: nfralittoral Section es correspond to ruptures or es correspond toruptures or w isamongthemost ed especiallyby the . spicata . spicata

farms (marine-culture) ofthefishwithinbay. of connected withtheanchoringofshipsandconstruction much larger space than in the past. This decline is mainly presence highlightsthatthe bedscover ofdeadsurfaces a oceanica hassuffered adeclinein Porto Palermo bay. The provision of«nests»habitatforfishandnon-vertebrates. modification oftheinclination rateofwave energyand cycle ofnutritionalsubstances,stabilizationsediments, role within maritimesystemstoward production, primary List ofAlbanianFlora (2013). Convention. (List ofendangered orthreatened species) oftheBarcelona protected flora) ofthe Berne Convention andAnnexII Posidonia oceanicaisincludedinAnnexI(Types ofstrictly (Guideline forHabitats EU 92/43/CEE, May 21, 1992). isahighnationalandinternationalpriority preservation stipulacea. of there have beenidentifiedsmallareas covered with spots from 18-20m. depth varying general, thearea shows aregress ofthislower border witha bedswithPosidoniaobserved oceanicaat25-27mdepth.In the castleat23mdepth. leaves was with foundin short a lower rocky area in front of border at28m.Asimilargroup withPosidonia oceanica, in the area has been identified at3.5 mdepthand thelowest are dividedintothree parts: andsouth Llamani bayandthesurroundings headingnorth encountered invarious placesat20-60mdepth. biocenosis ofinfralittoralalgae.Thishabitathasbeenoften foundasanenclave inthe but theycanbeparticularly domination of corals. are often accompaniedby spotsofphotophilicalgaewith almost alongtheentire coastline.In theirlowest they part, well-developed community of Cystoseira and Lithophyllum distribution ofbenthicbiocenosiss. The Medio-littoral hasa comparedseveral particularities tootherareas toward the

• • • outhern Area -Panormë Peninsula andSpinaras Cape. Areaorthern -LlamaniBay ; Cymodocea accompaniedby Halophila nodosa,partly S Central Ar N The r I The upperbor P B D Th A I a. n theshallow waters 2-3 meterswithin the bay, n areas where thewaterisclearer, there have been osidonia oceanica meadow hasa multifunctional ased ontheecologicalstudyP ssociations ofcoralogenousbiocenosis escription ofbenthichabitatsforeacharea e coralogenous pertain tothecircalittoral areae coralogenouspertain Northern Area: Posidonia oceanicaisalsoincludedintheRed esults of the survey suggestthatPosidoniaesults ofthesurvey ea -Porto Palermo Bay ; der ofthePosidonia oceanicameadow Llamani Bay. It represents orto Palermo-orto m. In thelongbare thispart, strips atthebottomwithin visible from 12-16mandthelowest border isrecorded at 18 varies at5-8,5mdepth.Themeadow degradationismore the southernone.In upperborder thispart, ofthemeadow ofthearea,degraded intheoverwhelming part especiallyin Asteroidea formations, largequantitiesofsponges,echinoderms(mainly bottom withthepresence ofprecoralogenous andcoralogaenous lower depths from 40-50 m, the bed is composed of a soft is mainly coveredbottom part with coarse sand, whereas at Caulerpa racemoca var. of sponges,macroalgae, includingthosemucilaginousand coralogenous formations,withahighpresence anddiversity there have beenrecorded developed precoralogenous and placed withinarangeof8-28mdepth. meadow isrepresented inafairlygoodshape,respectively In ofthearea, andwestern part thenorthern Posidonia sources. ofsweet andcoldwatersfrom underwater entry lack ofPosidonia can beconnectedwiththe inthispart association ofsponges.Anotherpotentialreason forthe is dominatedby macroalgae, oftenmucilaginousand the development ofPosidonia meadow. rough relief andwithsteepslopesthatcanbeunfavorable for at 11-27depth,thebottomrocks are represented by avery eastern coastthePosidonia meadow lacksentirely. In thispart, at 7mdepthandinthelower border at21mdepth.In the hasbeenrecordedthe southernpart inthemaximumborder of meadow ofPosidonia oceanica.Awell-developed meadow in dominated by Chondrillanucula. photophilics, blackurchins (Arbacia lixula)andsponges population isrepresented by mucilaginosealgae,other with thehighesttouristpressure. Therare macrobenthic human activity. by illegalbuilders alongthecoastandby thehighimpactof with the presence of rocks, stones recently thrown in the sea effect of the invasion by sea urchins, can be also connected representation ofbarren areas from the inthisfield,apart infralittoral area amountingto5-11mdepth.Thishuge are extendedupto1mdepth. alongthecoastline,stripsofCystoseiraIn part thenorthern (Chondrilla nucula)andblackseaurchins (Arbacia lixula). is dominatedby populationsofphotophilicalgae,sponges amount to6mdepth.At thesedepths,themacrobenthos ofthisarea,central part ofthebarren proportions habitat by abottomofstonycomposition,mainlybarren. In the from 0to3-4mdepth.Theyarecoastline vary characterized waters ofmedio-littoralandupperinfralittoralthe B M I D The barr b. CentralAr The ) and shells of dead mollusks. and Crinoidea) andshellsofdeadmollusks. n this area it has been found a strong fragmentarization n thisarea ithasbeenfoundastrong fragmentarization elow thePosidonia meadow, from 26-30mdepth, uring summer, theLlamaniBay isoneoftheareas ainly atthesedepths,themacrobenthos Posidonia oceanicameadow hasmainly en areas cover oftheupper alargepart cylindracea . At 30-35mdepth,the ea: Porto Palermo Bay. Theshallow

40 mdepth,immediatelybelow thecoast. steepslopes,whichcansometimesamountto underwater by coralogenousandprecoralogenous formationsfrom the tourism, through divingactivitiesthatcanbealsoattracted considered as an added value for the development of local has beenfoundpresence ofancientamphora,whichcanbe organogenic rocks etc. formations dominatedby spongesandcalcareous algae, mollusks, bivalvia, coralogenous and precoralogenous leaves ofmarinegrass,deadshells decomposing dry sand, bare muddysedimentsorcovered by macro-algae, of micro-habitats. Amongotherthings,itisencountered depth, isdominatedby softbottombutwithawidevariety for thecreation ofmarine-culture. meadow ofPosidonia canbeduetobuildinghumanactivity (Arbacia lixula)andHolothuria tubulosa. nucula), gastropods (Cerithium vulgatum) and echinoderma photophilic Acetabularia, Jania, Padina, sponges(Chondrilla macrobenthos inthesedwellings isrepresented by algae the effectofgrazingisvisiblethroughout thearea. Therare high presence ofblackseaurchins (Arbacia lixula),where sometimes up to7m depth. They are characterized by a cylindracea (grapevine-likeCaulerpes). many otherinvasive algaeofCaulerpa reacemosa var. border ofPosidonia meadow, there have beenalsorecorded Cnidarian Pennatula) etc. ( macrofauna isrepresented by sponges,ascidians,gastropods macroinverterbrates andfish. In thebottomareas, theordinary for theshelterofaconsiderablenumbermicroalgae types, enhancement ofbiodiversity, sincethesehabitatsare suitable role forthe coralogeneous inthisfieldplaysanimportant presence ofspongesandCodiumsp.Pinna nobilis. the Posidonia meadow it has been recorded the fairly wide lower border from 20-26mdepth.In within thispart, the maximumborder from 4.5-7mandatthe varying to beinbettershape,withalargercover anddensityat (small grassofNeptun). have beenrecorded spotsoffanerogames Cymodocea nodosa there Deeper parts insoutheasternandnorthwestern part. shallow from 1-3mdepth, in thesoutheastern watersvary ofthis area.western part of among uppermedio-littoralandinfra-littoralwithadominance Natica, Turritella, Hexaplex, Ophidiaster, echinoderms Echinaster, in the eastern part andC.compressaC. amentaceaintheeasternpart inthe The pr The uppercir I S The barr C N I n the southern part, inthevicinityoflowern thesouthernpart, Posidonia part, n thenorthern meadow appears ponges are present insmallcaves andruptures in ystoseira ear this area, it at the bottom of its southern part esence of precoralogenous formations, especially esence ofprecoralogenous formations,especially en maritimeareas spread upto3.5mand communities are present in several parts communities are present inseveral parts calittoral area, roughly 26-70m

II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED 41 AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 42 II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK marine grass,ascidians, spongesandbare softbottom are and ascidians.Thesoftleafy bottomanddecomposing (Agelas, Axinella),cnidarians(Parazoanthus,) Caryophyllia recorded alsoavast richnessofspeciesmacroalgae, sponges precoralogenous andcoralogenousformations,ithasbeen from above-mentioned56 mdepth,apart micro-habitats, soft bottom covered by dead mollusks of the sea. At 30- coveredwith macroalgae, mattemorte by sedimentsand depth, ischaracterized by bare softbottom,bottom immediately below thePosidonia meadow upto30m meadow, upto70mdepth.Thecircalittoral inupperpart the deepersectionbelow thelower border ofPosidonia mucilaginous algae. characterized by ahighcover orepibionthicorganismsand relatively well-developed inPosidonia meadow, which isalso associations ofmacroalgae, spongesandascidiansare leaves. with short inrocks at23mdepth,wherein smallparts itwasrare and algae upto18mdepth,whereas Posidonia hasbeenfound steep slope.In thisarea there are alsofoundphotophilic meadow, probably duetotheimmediatedepthandvery in thevicinityofupperborder ofPosidonia meadow. depth, 9-16 mdepth.In theshallow at5m watersofthispart, large bare cross meadow fragmentsandmattemorte from meadow hasresultedwhere part, tobeinthenorthwestern meadow, among11-18mdepth.Thehighestdegradationof (dead plantsofPosidonia) are relatively abundantwithin is more visibleat13-16mdepth.Thespotswithmattemorte 12 mdepth. cover anddensityofPosidonia meadow appearshighupto depth border varies from 21-28 m. In the its most part, 6-7 minthewestern coastofthisarea, whereas thelower Its upperborder varies from 3.7mintheeasterncoastto wide variety intheupperandlower borders ofarea depth. to 15mdepthatthebottomofsea. of sediments(gravel andsand)spreading from thecoastup it canbeseentheimpactofsweet watersby meansofastrip caves and ruptures. Further down ineasterncoast thenorth, andhaseroded thecoast,formingsmall of southeasternpart reacemosa at 1-2 m depth, grapevine-like algae southeastern (Caulerpa part ( recorded twounknown types:low presence ofmarinegrass ithasbeenfoundhigh n thesoutheasternpart Cymodocea. presence ofathozoan (atypeofcnidar)insectionswith Halophila stipulacea),withintheplotwithCymodocea inthe Cymodocea andCaulerpa have oftengrown inmatte, The The degradationandfragmentarizationofmeado The distributionofP The entr I I S M var. n theshallow watersofthisarea there have been everal micro-habitats have beenrecorded in ainly in the northern and western parts, andwestern parts, ainly inthenorthern cylindracea at4mdepth. ), inthewestern part western coast of the castle lacks Posidonia y ofsweet waters ispresent inthecoastline osidonia meadow shows a w

interest has beenrecorded at20mdepth. Thelowest part. northwestern border ofmeadow inthisarea andat13mdepthinthe part m depthinthenorthern the westernof the area, part Posidonia meadow at 11 starts less presence ofspongesandascidians. the softbottomismore homogenouswithbare areas and common at40-50mdepth.At lower depthsupto70m, soft homogenoussedimentswithoutmacro-vegetation. at30-32mdepth,thebottomiscomposedof and easternpart, of spongesandmacroalgae at31-33mdepth.In thecentral have beenrecorded coraligenousformationswithhighdiversity macro-vegetation). is covered andbare by mattemorte softsediments(without below thePosidonia meadow, at22-23mdepth,thebed gender Axinella,AgelasandSpongia. In thecentralpart formations dominatedby macroalgae andspongesofthe Posidonia, at18-19mdepth,there are present coraligenous meadow at12mdepth. ithasbeenrecordedpart alightfragmentationofthe whereas the lowest border is at 19 m depth. In the eastern upper border ofPosidonia meadow ispresent at7mdepth, dominated by Padina, Acetabularia andDyctyota. photophilics, which were highly evident up to 6 m depth, continuous presence ofalgaeCystoseira amentaceaandother Cape ofSpinaras. The mediolittoral is characterized by a published inthefollowing documents: Mediterranean interest habitatsandspeciesofconservation • • • arcelona Convention (1995)concerningtheProtocol irective ofHabitats (92/43) with the relevant ed Mediterranean Book” ofseavegetation, assemblages II- IV- III- II- I- B EU D “R Diversity intheMediterranean, withthe relevant annexes: regarding theSpecially Protected Areas andBiological annexes: 1990). and Mediterranean sealandscape(UNEP/IUCN/GIS, Natural Species ofHabitats in the Interest of Endangered orthreatened species; Species of animals and plants in the Interest of Species under regulated exploitation. Strictly protected species; Community ; Community ; I I D c. S S d. M Like n the eastern part nearthelowestn theeasternpart border of ofthearea,n thecentralandeasternpart the pecial priorityisattachedtothethr ue to immediate depth and very steepslopes in ue toimmediate depth andvery wise, in the northwestern part ofthearea part wise, inthenorthwestern there outhern Area: Peninsula ofPanormë- arine habitats and species of conservation arine habitatsandspeciesofconservation eatened (6) Their protection isahighnationalandinternational priority. habitats of theMediterranean.one ofthemostimportant Sea represents thetopofsoft infralittoral endingbedsand B2C. (2013) VU Convention (AnnexI,strictprotection offlora). Alghero Meeting. Barcelona Convention (AnnexII).Berne Guideline rocks). ofHabitats EU92/43(AnnexI,underwater to thewaterquality. functional biodiversity. BIO indicators are at a high level as in several highlyexposedrocky fieldsat0upto1mdepth. (2013) ENB1. (Annex I,strictprotection offlora). habitats) ;Barcelona Convention (AnnexII);Berne Convention rocks); Alghero Meeting(Annex I,underwater (endangered (endangered habitats),andGuideline ofHabitats EU92/43 International Status: «Red Book»oftheMediterranean Basin andAdriatic Sea are indicators ofthehighwaterquality. byssoides. Thetypicalhabitatsofthe Western Mediterranean plates andcalcareous rhodophyteslayer oftheLithophyllum oceanica meadow intheinfralittoralarea. hydrodynamic indexintheupperlittoralarea andPosidonia for mediolittoral areas, Cystoseira communities as a mentioning Mediterranean (UNEP, RAC/SPA.1997) itisworth- • • • Thanas Goga &Franka Paloka 2014. January development”, ontourism analysisandstudy “Socio-economic ational Red List of the Albanian flora and fauna (2013). erne Convention (1996),withtherelevant annexes: o meeting (1995) on the marine and coastal III- II- I- III- biodiversity intheMediterranean Region. N B Algher Strictly protected floraspecies; Strictly protected faunaspecies; Species underregulated exploitation Protected faunaspecies. Th P N I I Th C N I L Among themostsensitiv nternational Status: «Red Book” oftheMediterranean. n themediolittoralar t is a very complex habitat, high structural and complex habitat, high structural t is a very osidonia oceanicaMeadow ithophyllum byssoidesAssociations ystoseira amentaceavar. ational Status: Red ListofFlora andFauna ational Status: Red ListofFlora andFauna is endemiccommunityintheMediterranean e characteristics of this belt have been observed Lithophylum byssoides (sensibletohydrocarbons) eas there appearwhitered pale spicata Associations spicataAssociations e habitatsofthe follows: international agreements and conventions, is introduced as oftheirhabitats,asprovided conservation forinsome as rare endangered speciesunderprotection andspecial fish). (See Annex6:List typesof ofeconomicallyimportant Porto Palermo-Llamani bay26typesoffishare encountered cabrilla, Oblada sp. sp., a wide variety of fish butones theare most ordinary Porto Palermo, conventions). citedinthemostimportant 5: List for importance of marine species of international of the Wild Flora andFauna Red List inAlbania andAnnex in thearea ofPorto Palermo, according tothestatusofthreat protection offlora).(See Annex 4: List of species recorded the Mediterranean; Berne Convention (AnnexI,strict waters ofthebay. International Status: «Red Book” of area itispresent mainlyinshallow onlyinasmallsurface, decline ofPosidonia oceanicameadow, butintheprotected the bottommudand sand. It sometimes replaces the VU A2d. (Annex I,strictprotection offlora). habitat) ;Barcelona Convention (AnnexII);Berne Convention Mediterranean; Guideline ofHabitats (AnnexI:*priority

Palermo-Llamani bay: • • • • • • • • • • • • rabs (Percnon gibbesi). alophila stipulacea; mbrina cirrosa -Shi ; drum yngnathus abaster-Black-striped pipefish; zygaena-Smoothphyrna hammerhead; ostroraja alba-Whiteskate; -Shortfin mako; oxyrinchus surus ippocampus hippocampus-Short snoutedseahorse; Mullus Diplodussp., surmulletus, Corisjuli,Serranus C H Caulerpa ( Xiphias gladius- U S S Sciaena umbr R Lamna nasus- I H I Th C N I The listofsomespeciesinternationalimpor List ofsomealian/inv nternational Status: «Red Book” ofthe n Porto Palermo-Llamani area ithasbeenfound ymodocea nodosaAssociations ational Status: Red ListofFlora andFauna (2013) is important fanerogame colonizesis important sandand Caulerpa racemosa var. a -Brown meager; Porbeagle ; , Chromis sp., etc.withinandalong Swordfish. asive speciesappearingin cylindracea) ; Chelon tance tance

II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED 43 AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 44 II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK growth inthelast10years is6.3%peryear. the latestpublicdata,average annualrateofpopulation a dynamiclifeaccording tothepopulation.According to area isexpectedtobenormal.Thearea hashadandstill family dominationstructure. Thepopulationgrowth inthe average family size issome3.9membersdominatedby a goodpotentialfortheproject areaa very development. The average age ofpopulation, which is 31.2 years old. This is dominated by young population.Thishasinfluencedthe Kudhës islocatedinthefoothillsofGjinvlashiMountain. road. Two othervillages,Pilur islocatedinÇipifoothills,and Ilias, Vuno andQeparo are scattered across thenationalcoastal Many ofthevillagesHimara area suchasPalasa, Dhërmi, number ofinhabitants,resident familiesandagriculturalland. primarily focusedonthefollowing sectorsstatedbelow: 2.1.2 Local Plan. Tourism ishighlightedasthebasicelementof document ofthe Territorial Development andtheGeneral progress forlocal communitiesoftheprotected area. economic factors forsustainabledevelopment and further touristic potential.Ecotourism andculturaltourismare key including beneficial touristservices, Porto Palermo. comprisepriorityareasproperties of fortheconstruction to now theprotection ofalargearea ofland.Thesemilitary Public areas space parcels have of the military guaranteed up relatively smallparcel size currently prevails inthisregion. environmental capacityoftheprotected area. and benchmarks, area and specifics,typesofconstruction objectives, incompliancewiththeacceptedstandards in harmonywiththeenvironment, visionandmanagement hosting touristactivities.Thisinfrastructure willbeprovided of withaview andservices to integratedconstructions is essentialwithintheNature Park. Priority willbeattached with tourism. Fishery sectoristhemainsource ofincomeforlocalsalong is oneofthemainfinancialsources forthelocalpopulation. The traditionofagriculturalproducts, livestock andfisheries forhigherincomelocalresidents.good opportunities d. c. b. a. Fishery sector; Cultivation of land, constructions and services ; Cultivation andservices ofland,constructions Agriculture andlivestock ; Eco-tourism andculturaltourism. The economyoftheP The populationagestr Himara S H N T The r ustainable development of the territory cultivation ustainable development oftheterritory raditional useofthesenaturalresources offers ature Park isconsidered asanarea ofhigh imara Municipality hasapproved thepolicy S elatively highshare ofprivate landdividedin ocio-economic values 6 is considered the main center basedonthe ucture inthestudyarea is rotected Area canbe prepared by the World Bank andtheAlbanianGovernment. Management Programme andCoastalArea Cleaning, plan isbasedonthepolicydocumentofIntegrated for a sustainable tourism with high quality standards. This and natural and cultural resources are defined as milestones the localgovernment development, visionfortheterritory Internet isoftenfragmentedandirregular. are inadequate.Availability ofinformation,especially inthe hotels, restaurants orotherhousing. local hotels. purposes, which areand entertainment accommodated in which are mainlyusedby foreign tourists. Some 10smallhouses/bungalows are builtinPorto Palermo, oftheregion.forms oftourismintegratedwithotherparts todevelopand food),whichgive different theopportunity (cultural heritage,naturalresources, landscapes,traditions indiscriminate buildingdevelopments. area are treated andprotected from withspecialimportance, area.area Landscapevalues ofthe intheexistingmilitary andresort ofatouristport has plannedtheconstruction with respect tonaturalandculturalresources. Porto Palermo mass andsustainabletourismare expectedtobedeveloped, the factho waters isthatthequalityofcoastallargelydependson illegal constructions. which is one of the reasons of integrity of the area or lack of ofthebay, part baseislocatedinthe northern A military touristdestination. in southernAlbaniaandisanimportant Palermo cultural monuments isoneofthemostimportant Pasha Porto Castle issituated,dividesthebayintotwoparts. developed, part. withanaval baseinthenorthern role intheregional context.Porto Palermo isaclosedbay, little that hadadirect impactontheformation oflocalidentityand with itshistorical,geographicalandculturalsignificance,acenter objects, create aninteresting andattractive landscape. ourism ofspecial interest is based on natural objects andplacesinthearea, whichtogetherwithreligious a touristdestination.There are several culturalandhistorical heritage andculturalidentity, practicallyconsideringthearea 2.1.3 as well asofthewell AliPasha preserved Castle. equipment damages the value of landscape within the park M H A T The integratedmanagementofmarineandcoastal The pr The smallpeninsulaofP P T orto Palermoorto is arelatively urbancenter important ourism and infrastructure services donotexistor ourism andinfrastructure services ccording toHimara Municipality, softformsof w thisactivityismanaged,especiallyincasesof imara area hasavariety oftouristattractions ostly, thearea ispreferred by visitorsforrecreation C esence of abandoned military buildingsand esence ofabandonedmilitary ultural values orto Palermo,orto where Ali conservation andmanagementofnaturalresources.conservation society and businessesplay an active role inthearea of with maincentralgovernment policies. residents, provided thattheseactivities are notinconflict initiative foreconomicdevelopment intheinterests oflocal environmental strategies.It hasalsotherighttolaunchany environmental plansinaccordance withnational Government (2000). It isresponsible fordraftinglocal to thelawonOrganization andFunctioning ofLocal area inPortotasks forthemilitary Palermo. objects andplaces. ensures theprotection ofculturalheritage andpreservation implements thesectoralstrategyofculturalheritageand management ofwaterresources usedforirrigationandfishing. Water Management (MARDWM) dutiesforthe hasimportant facilities, watersupplyandsanitation. is responsible for investments related to waste management are adoptedby theNational Territory Council(NTC). ofterritorialplanningandtourism.Theseplans instruments isresponsible forthedevelopment(MUDT) ofuseful in themanagementofProtected Areas are asfollows: ofotherstakeholders». of theirvalues withparticipation international level fortheirsustainableuse,andpromotion through the implementationofbestpracticesnationaland ofnature, biodiversityis: «conservation andprotected areas Regional Administration ofProtected Areas. NAPA mission biodiversity andprotected areas inAlbania,through the the maininstitutionresponsible forthemanagementof 2.2 Assessment of Institutional Framework of culturaltourismininternalareas. ofmonumentsandirreversibledestruction lossofattraction neglected inthecomingyears, itcanleadtocomplete of tourismactivitiesonthecoast.If thiscontinuestobe of theregion have goneunnoticedduetoconcentration it isexposedtoactsofvandalism anddestruction. tourist value and because it is not under constant protection, M M M O The C The Local community H M M ultural heritagesitesinthemountainousarea imara Municipality functionsaccording performs ther centralandlocallevel institutionsengaged inistry ofAgriculture, Ruralinistry Development and inistry ofDefence (MoD)inistry hasadministration ofCultureinistry (MoC) develops and of inistry Transport andInfrastructure (MTI) ofUrbaninistry Development and Tourism castle itself is not used to complement the National Agency for Protected Areas is , non-profit organizations,civil

on theprotected areas. species. Further, thesephenomenahadasignificantimpact forest or pasture fires; and the introduction of invasive endangered ofvegetation, orvulnerablespecies;destruction fragmentation ofhabitats;deteriorationthesituation growth hasaffectedthedegradationoflandscape;lossand recent years. Thismajorchangeincoastaldemographic the main threats to the area, which have escalated in priorities intheprotected area. for future development, andcreate ofthemain anoverview the ecological and socio-economic threats ; opportunities improved oravoided inthefuture management;determine the potentialofarea ;identifyaspectsthatneedtobe within theprotected tohighlight area. Thisanalysishasserved strengths, andthreats weaknesses, opportunities (SWOT) other interested parties. municipality, environmental NGOs, private businessesand eat assessmentintheprotected landscapearea with representatives of the administration, forest service, multidimensional fieldstudies,several workshops organized Assessment ofthecurrent situationisconductedasaresult of is developed inclosecooperationwithlocalstakeholders. 2.3 Threat Assessment Palermo andPanorma peninsula. represent aconcerntotheprotected area, mainlytoPorto as well asvarious wastematerialsscattered everywhere, and landscapedeterioration. natural habitats,decrease ofhabitat size andfragmentation, the coastare of causingpermanentchanges, destruction surrounding areas like Himara. activities along Construction in Porto Palermo, butata lower pressure, compared tothe and uncontrolledconstruction tourism have also occurred titles.Like alongtheentireproperty Albaniancoast,illegal of especially alongthecoast,includinguncertainty untreated watersofthecoastandseaispresent inthearea. systems. Thus,anincrease and ofurbanwasteandwastewater anddrinkingwater lack ofwastemanagement,wastewater such asLlamanBay andPorto Palermo, we canobserve and naturalresources. In theexisting areas used for tourism, close proximity, withincrease ofthenumberusersland facing thetrend oftouristdevelopment withinandintheir linked withtourismdevelopment oftheterritory. with seriousconsequences,mostofwhichare strongly population growth andsocio-economicactivitiesassociated The effectsofcoastaldev Thr Thr D Constr Although onasmallscale,pr Coastal urbanizationr amaged military constructions and fortifications, andfortifications, constructions amaged military eat assessmentisalsobasedontheanalysisof uction activitiesare alsooutofcontrol, epresents thesize of elopment are among otected areas are

II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED 45 AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 46 II. ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTED AREA AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ), mountain partridges torture), mountainpartridges ), woodcocks(Scolopaxrusticola europaeus), fox (Vulpes vulpes),turtledovesStreptopelia ( caves ofPanorma peninsula,suchaswildrabbits(Lepus reduction of populations of animals and birds in some already used,hasbeenoneofthemainfactorscausing importance. rare endangered speciesofnationalandinternational may prevent therecovery ofnaturalvegetation, including to improve them.Thisisahighconstantthreat, which burning pastures isthemosteffective andeasiestmethod often purposelyburnedby shepherds, whobelieve that and threatening floraandfaunaspecies. adverse impact, causing loss andfragmentationof habitats, the pasturingcapacity, remain amatterofconcernwithan overpopulation intheirtypesandnumberscompared with are absentinPorto Palermo-Llamani area. Also,cattle grazing, threat totheprotected althoughtheforests area conservation, Mediterranean vegetation intheprotected area isaserious are present inandaround theprotected area. hunting, overfishing andprohibited meansandmethods, disturbance and abuse ofwildlife,includingalsotheir illegal resources (fishing, pasture, medicinal herbs,hunting), centers locatedwithintheprotected area. cattle cultivation facilities, recreationor the opening of new buildings, Similar withformermilitary factsare observed economics, but associated with management challenges. affecting theprotected area promoting thegrowth oflocal planning of the coastal area areas (new or re-converted areas) such asLlamaniandPanorma peninsula. other areas where reception centers for visitors are built, The situationismore urgentin Porto Palermo butalsoin higher healthriskstopeople,animalsandlower lifequality. consequences forwater, landandairpollution,including hygienic solidwastedisposal.Theseproblems have serious and andcollection, transportation sewage, wastewater associated withproper infrastructure suchaswatersupply, investment onthecoastalarea, isnotanticipatedor The hillsar I Ov T The concentrationinr H llegal and uncontrolled cut of bushes and llegal anduncontrolled cutofbushesand ourism activitiesare akeyelementintheurban unting withinthearea, underthemethods eruse andlackofarationalusenatural eruse ound Porto Palermo-Llamani bayare ecent years oftourist

sustainable practicesfortheuseofrenewable resources. regeneration capacity of these ecosystems andpromotion of this contextunderpressure, inorder toguaranteeboththe and culturalaspectsofthetraditionalgroups ofinterest in marine and coastal systems and the balance of social, economic friendlyinhuntingactivities. not very The behaviourofhuntersandlocalcommunityingeneralis pigeons (Columbalivia),several species ofwildducksetc. (Alectoris graeca (Perdix), fieldpartridges perdix), wild resources, andimpossibilitytocontrol theterritory. infrastructure, strictcriteriatobusinessactivitiesfornatural illegal activities, presenceaccess to perform of a favorable natural andculturalresources ismostlyinfluenced by easy by colonizingandcausingtheextinctionofotherspecies. the ecosystemstructure. New unknown speciesmayappear adapt to changingconditions, in order tobeable to change vegetation andwaterresources. Thus,faunaandfloramust affected by drought, wildfires, heat waves, reduction of development atagloballevel. The Protected Area may be and shouldbeconsidered achallengeforthesustainable in the region. Climate change is a well known threat natural disasters. It maybeconnected with climatechange caused damagetotherocky coastsofPorto Palermo. collection and destructive ofdate mussels (Lithophaga) has situation isstillfarfrom beingunderproper control. Illegal communities ofmarineandcoastalhabitats.Illegal fishing is aseriousthreat andother tofishspecies,crustaceans the volume andsize neededtofeedthecultivated fish. species itgives anextremely low result, takingintoaccount additional pressure resources andforsomefish onfishery pollution andreduce waterquality. Fish cultivation exerts of fishexcrement canproduce anegative impactonwater (marine-culture). Use offood,antibioticsandaccumulation there are cultivation centers in three fishery Palermo bay relatively deep, andfavours itsdevelopment. Currently, development ofseamarineculture. Thebayisprotected, area development. Porto Palermo bayissuitableforthe exerts astrong localized environment pressure based on the The pr Both inP The The P I t is crucial to take into account the sensitivity of totakeintoaccountthesensitivityof t iscrucial presence of marine-culture in aprotected area rotected Area andthesensitivityofits otected area hasnever hadimpactsfrom orto Palermoorto andLlamani,illegalfishing 47 © RAC/SPA, Audimage 48 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA the interested parties. promotion ofcooperationbetweenpopulation, andfurther promotion ofasustainabledevelopment ofthelocal ecosystem forthelocalpopulation. values, through awell balanced integrationinaprosperous interaction isvitaltotheprotection ofarea anditsrespective heritage andidentity, where ofintegrated preservation rotected Area becomesakeydestinationfor of peoplewithnature isconsidered anaturalandcultural coastal environment andlandscapes,where thecontact knownbiodiversity conservation, foritsland,marineand 3.1.1 3.1 III. PROTE

N Th present very interestingpresent objectsandplaces forscientific very Th tothelocalpopulation. of historicalimportance of ancientobjectsandplaces worship andmonuments experience forallvisitorsandtourists.There are anumber dance oftheCoastarea represent cultural extraordinary customs, well confirmedpolyphonysongsandfolk development oftourismduringalltheyear. configuration, historicalandcultural values enablethe tourists in nature. Favorable climatic conditions, andrecreationalso forentertainment ofcitizens and but of activitiesspecificallyformarinewatersports, of theprotected area. in accordance withasustainabledevelopment concept the prohibition of use of natural values, but it is made endangered species.Theirprotection isnotbasedon and coastalecosystems,habitatsthreatened and values. Thisfeature ofmarine includesthepreservation conditions withmultiplebiodiversity andesthetic includesseveral areas ofprosperousThe territory atural beautiesandcharacteristicclothes,habits e area has a number of original preserved features that e area hasexceptional conditionsforthedevelopment V a. N F C P d. Scientificfunction c. C b. T Mission unctions ision andObjectiv onservation andprotection ofbiodiversity,onservation ourism ultural function ature Protection V ision C TE D AREA MANA es G

EMENT

especially to: the review ofmanagementplan,andprovide protection measures tobetakenforanefficientimplementationof be clearly defined, provide thebasis of assessment ofthe ased onthisvision,functions,andwell- known on thesepriorityprograms: objectives forthemanagementofprotected areas are focused resources ofmarineandcoastalenvironments, long-term managementobjectives 3.1.2Programs andlong-term

4. 3. 2. 1. d. c. b. a. abitats incritical conditions toensure their epresentative speciesofmarineandcoastalecosystems vation oftheecosystem, habitat,biodiversity and

ustainable use of natural coastal-marine resources

abitats at risk of extinction in areas of their natural eas of special importance relatedeas ofspecialimportance toscientific, Th and young part ofthepopulation,butalsoforvisitors. and young part added value totheeducational process ofschoolyouth ofthisregion, arepopulation, andfamoushistory an of habitats,speciesfloraandfauna,settlements, awareness andinformationactivities. Variety oftypes fill thegapofknowledge inthisfield. and coastalareas andotherscientificissues,inorder to endemic species and flora and fauna relicts ofmarine of the region. Above mentioning the all, it is worth research withspecialvalue onnaturaldevelopment including historicalandcultural ones; S marine andcoastallandscape; Conser esthetic, culturalandeducationalvalues. Ar sports andhealthrelatedsports activities ; Development ofsustainablerecreational, entertainment, Consolidation oftheadministrationandmanagement; endangered andthreatened floraandfauna; reproduction,survival, renewal of species of endemic, H biological diversity ; andmaintaintheir ensure theirlong-termsurvival to anacceptableandreasonable extent,inorder to R because oftheirlimitedareas ; as aresult ofthesetbackinundeveloped conditionsor distribution orinareduced naturalarea ofdistribution H e ar Conser e. E B ea is a very convenient place to practice educational, convenient placetopracticeeducational, ea isavery ducational function vation andmanagementobjectives should 49 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 50 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT objectives setfora10-year period,whichaimisasfollows: the management of Protected Areas, as they are specific 5.

romotion ofvalues, scientificmonitoringand research, P awareness andeducation. entertainment, sports andhealthactivities sports entertainment, Objective: Programme 4: Objective: Programme 3: Objective: Programme 2: Objective: Programme 1: biodiversity andmarinecoastallandscape and managementoftheprotected area and localcommunitylife. Protected Area, bringingimproved qualityforvisitors affecting the overall vision andobjectives ofthe promoting communityandbusinessactivities, without recreation, andhealthactivitiesby entertainment Panorma Cape,Grava Bay andSpinarasi Capeetc. Euphorbia, St. Nicholas Church, St. Nicholas Bay, Pasha Castle, formationsofamphorae,formation Bay, Military Tunnel, theCave, Peninsula andAli Cape, Llamani beach, Kavadari Cape, Armeridha require are: Alpuni special attentionandconservation capacity oftheprotected area. cultural values, inaccordance withtheecological characteristics of the landscape and historical and system andlong-termuseofnaturalresources, rare orendangered seals,dolphinsetc. fish,seaturtles, such as a species types of of international importance, associations ofbiocenosiswithcoralogens,someother be alsopaidtomediolitoralbiocenosisofcaves, and meadows ofPosidonia oceanica.Attention should concern such asLithophylumconservation byssoides mentioningmarinehabitatsandspeciesof it isworth macedonica, Brassica incanasubsp.egaea,etc.Likewise, subendemic relics suchasACIS Ionica, Athamanta Quercus ithaburensis subsp.macrolepis, andtypesof formation (Euphorbia dendroides); vegetation of P and endangered typesofhabitatsandspecies. protected area, withspecialemphasisonthreatened ecosystems, habitats,landscapeandcoastalmarine the generalvision. social, economicandecotourismactivities,inlinewith protected area, alongwiththepromotion oflong-term landscape andmaintainkeyecologicalprocesses ofthe management oftheuniquemarinebiodiversity, coastal M resources, includinghistoricalandculturalones r otection ofassociationsMilkweed/Flomi plant ost Long-term objectiv prominent places for the Protected Areas that To ensure the development of ecotourism, To ensure theconsolidationofmanagement To ensure of long-term conservation To provide goodadministrationand

Sustainable development of recreational, Sustainable use of natural coastal-marine Sustainable useofnaturalcoastal-marine Conservation ofecosystems,habitats, Conservation

Consolidation ofadministration es are inthemainfocusfor actions toensure theimplementationoftheseobjectives. related costsare calculatedandallocatedforaseriesof managementobjectives arehort-term formulated ofthe defined fortheconservation Protected Area. with thevisionoflong-term objectives andspecificactions in consultationwithallrelevant stakeholdersinaccordance 3.1.3

integrated with other parts oftheregion.integrated withotherparts for thedevelopment ofdifferent formsoftourism traditions andfood),whichprovide anopportunity (cultural heritage,naturalresources, landscapes, Hi Objective: Programme 5: 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Objective 1: research, awareness andeducation T activities. between andhumandevelopment thenature conservation Accordingly, anappropriate balancewillbeestablished sustainable managementofnaturalandculturalresources. inorderof theirparticipation tocontributethe including localinterest groups, inasustainableprocess the creation ofappropriate organizationalstructures, Th protected area and consolidationofmanagementpracticesthe in theagenda: process of young peopleandforvisitors. education andinformation activities intheeducational and cultural values, promoting research, monitoring, o meetthisobjectiv pprove the establishment of the administration dministration staff, in cooperation with other trengthen law enforcement, management plan, dopt, inaccordance withtheprovisions of esignate thearea ofPalermo-Llamani bayunder mara ar e P A A S A D local stateinstitutions,civil society, NGOs and Forest Directorate Service of Vlora (district). Bay», of the organizational structure in of support staff ofprotected landscape«Porto Palermo-Llamani human activities. specific measures, and evaluation of potential Palermo-Llamani bay». Management Plan for the Protected Area «Porto law «On Protected Areas», asamended,the (Nature Park)» IV. IUCNcategory the Protected Area status«Managed Nature Reserve F S objectiv or eachofthecorresponding objectives short-term rotected Area mustbedulymanagedthrough S To ensure thepromotion ofenvironmental ea hasawidevariety oftouristattractions hort-term management

Creation of organizational structures

Promotion ofvalues, monitoringand e, thefollowing tasksare included es

implementation oftheabove objective: The follo included intheagenda: T ecosystems (landandmarine). systemsandproper interaction betweenlife supporting and flora,ofspecialnaturalbiologicalprocesses, ofthediversity ofmarineandcoastalfauna conservation M marine andcoastalbiodiversity andlandscape 3. 2. 1. Objective 2: c. b. a. 9. 8. 7. 6. o ngagement ofallstakeholdersinaprocess of rotected Area is supervised andmanagedina rotected Area issupervised evelop of biological programs for the conservation measures toconstantlyprotect, ake necessary ake intoaccountthevulnerability ofmarine n-site demarcation oftheProtected Area and rovide working andlogistic thenecessary trengthen cooperationbetween theMunicipality, ncrease management system effectiveness through rained staffisavailable totheadministration with aintenance ofdiv accomplish this objective, the following tasks are habitats, along with theirfloraandfauna. diversity, maintenance ofmarine,coastalandland D species. and threatened orendangered floraand fauna natural andculturalvalues oftheProtected Area, maintain and manage the ecological and specific T use practicesofrenewable resources. these ecosystems,andthepromotion ofsustainable interest, toguaranteethegenerating capacityof and culturalaspectsofthetraditionalgroups of and coastalsystems,balanceofsocial,economic T divisions ofmanagementareas. O administration staffoftheprotected area. for the executioninstruments of tasks of P groups of interest. the administrationofprotected area and other local S Bay». plan oftheProtected Area «Porto Palermo-Llamani the implementation of awareness and enforcement I cultural resources oftheProtected Area. management andsustainableuseofnatural legal provisions relating totheadministration, and enforcement programs oftheapplicable private businesses, should develop awareness use ofnaturalresources. contribution toconsolidationofmanagementand and sustainable development withparticipation E P Management Committee. in closecooperationwiththeMunicipality and professional andeffective way by theadministration, high level ofmanagementperformance. T wing specificoutcomesare expecteduponthe

Maintenance and conservation of habitats, Maintenance ofhabitats, andconservation erse habitatsoftheprotected area,

fulfillment oftheabove objective: The follo 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 1. Objective 3: d. c. b. a. Th protected area. withinthe and equalsocio-economicopportunities P economic touristicactivities r ttainment of a dynamic balance and sustainable pproval by theinterested thatconservation, parties mplementing forms of development and management mplementing forms of development and management evelop programs regulating theintroduction of rotect marine and coastal features of ecological, dentify anddevelop inventories ofthebiological evelop technicalprojects toprevent thespread romote maintenanceofhighqualitymarinewaters nsure thatdiversity ofspeciesandecosystems mprovement restoration ofthepreservation, and rotection ofsensitive ecologicalmarine-coastal ovision ofenvironmental health,economicprofits e accomplishmentofthisobjective aims at: onitor thebiologicaldiversity components, biological diversity, andmonitortheireffects. andsustainableuseof effects ontheconservation which have orare likelytohave significantadverse identify processes andcategoriesofactivities M D P E habitats occupiedby them. of invasive species and restoration of species and and prevent theirdegradationandpollution. affected by humanactivities. processes in theprotected area are notadversely activities, mainly of artisanal fishingandecotourism. activities, mainly ofartisanal resources inthewake ofandintegrationtraditional integrity, stateofmarine, maritime and cultural of activities, protecting natural, social and economic I currently orpreviously existedintheprotected area. well asintroduction orre-introduction ofspecies or introduction ofgeneticallymodifiedspecies,as any non-indigenousspeciestotheprotected area, world. capes, bays,caves, streams andunderwater especially geological, geo-morphologicalimportance, and use. fortheirsustainableconservation important diversity of components(species),whichisdeemed D P I private interests. areas from disturbanceandabuseforpublic and P nature. coexistence of the activities of local residents and A A management decisions. objectives andguidingprinciplesforallPA related wildlife andculturalheritageare theprimary enhancement of the nature park beauty, undersea ecological systems. order toensure proper development ofwildlifeand enlargement ofthenaturalenvironment assets,in I wing specific results are expecteduponthe

Implementation ofsustainablesocio- 51 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 52 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

accomplishment oftheabove objective: The follo 2. b. a. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. chievement ofsustainableandharmonized egulating orpreventing fishingofthemarine- egulating or preventing any activities or other acts egulating orpreventing anyactivitiesincluding reventing discharge or disposal of waste or other throughlanning and regulating the territory eveloping standards offacilitiesortouristservices roviding financialmechanismsthatcan new rafting plansandprograms onuseofsustainable mprovement of of sustainable economic services rotecting marineandmaritimewaterquality idely promoting care by thecommunities, management andtreatment ofurban wasteetc. used watersinorder toprovide drinkingwater, sanitation system,treatment and of sewage through development ofinfrastructure ofthe P and sustainablefishing. cultural resources oftourism development inview the landscapeandsustainableuseofnatural commitment on protection of biodiversity, of W and biologicalprocesses andthelandscape. measures aimedtoprovide protection ofecological ofhabitatsandrocks, aswelldestruction asanyother date mussels,coralsandotherprotected speciesor culture, huntingoffloraspeciesandwildfauna, characteristics ofthespeciallyprotected area. or speciesthatcandamagenaturalcultural statusoftheecosystem or threaten conservation that canpotentiallydamageordisturbthespecies subsoil withintheprotected area. oftheterritory,subsoil inparts oftheseabedorits the useandmodificationoflandorexploitation the integrityofprotected area. substances, whichcandirectly orindirectly violate with itscarriercapacities. rational human use ofthisspace in compliance area. and imposinglookfortheidentityofprotected protected area musthave abeautiful,natural, calm area. Infrastructure related tothemanagementof that are inharmonywiththecharacterofprotected environmental carriercapacity. maritime natural resources in compliance with related to sustainable use of marine and services a waytoimprove natural capital andecosystem boost funding on natural rehabilitation, offering and/or incrosscutting policies. their integration in respective sectorsonlocalscale biological, maritimeandmarineresources and R R R P P D P D A the protected area. development ofsocialandeconomicactivities in marine andmaritime ecosystemandbiodiversity. I wing specific results are expectedfrom

The follo accomplishment oftheabove objective: 2. 1. Objective 4: d. c. a. 6. 5. 4. 3. Th development ofdifferent typesofeco-touristicactivities. co-functioning ofthegoalstoprotect nature with recreational ofthe andculturalpurposes,inview P Eco-touristic Purposes. r romotion ofnatural,social,economic,touristand

reating specialpanoramiccorridorsoflandscape, chieving balanceofsocial,economic,touristand nsure thatrecreational, andeco- entertaining reation of museum center (tunnel, fortifications efinition ofnature sightseeing,ofstopsupon the nhancement of artisanal works, salesoftypical nhancement ofartisanal ovision andmanagementofusethearea for e accomplishmentofthisobjective aimsat: C A preferred by visitorsandtourists. within theterritory, orcreating speciallocations gorges etc,aswell asfrom localandnationalroads facingsea,mountain,bays,capes,slopes, views from includingall favorable pointsofobservation, ofqualityandcharacteristics aiming atpreservation landscape ecosystems. account the sensitivity of marine, maritime and cultural aspectsoftraditionalgroups, takinginto E C Assessment ofculturalw D protected area. on values ofnaturalandculturalheritagethe touristic activities do not have an adverse impact resources, aswell aslocaltraditionalproducts. of visitors,inorder topromote naturalandcultural shops related reception tomuseum,entertainment, of culturaltourism,archeological sites,librariesand (bunkers)inview fortifications of several military re-qualification constructions), and othermilitary customs andtraditionsoftheregion. activities in the surrounding area, connected with through prevention orlimitationofnon-coherent the characterofauthentichistoricalsignificance diving. fishingandunderwater of sport parking, location waste collection,medicalservice, facilities, requests ofvisitors,camping,sanitary manifestations onlocalscale. of fairs,exhibitions,folkloricfestivals, historical food andproductions ofthearea, organization E P protected area. taking care ofthesocialandeconomiceffectsin cultural values tothebenefitofcommunity, the community. that meetvisitors’ needsandgenerateincomefor infrastructure,development, services supporting natural resources, culturalheritageandtourism Co-existence ofpr wing specific results are expectedfrom

Use forRecreational, and Entertainment eservation with highqualityof eservation ealth and preservation of ealth andpreservation

b. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Objective 5: d. c. Th processes of nature assessmentandbiodiversity. contribution toeducation,sensitizationandinforming and culturalvalues oftheprotected area asakey S Education uppor nhancement ofactivitieswithtraditional,natural, dentifying problematic habitats and species, dentifying problematic habitatsandspecies, ehensive study of distribution and defining measures on efining necessary regulation of dentifying anddraftingalistofthreatened, efining measurement indicatorsandmain activities with negative impact on species esearch and any scientific activities to assure romoting, regulating, encouraging of scientific nformation provided tovisitorsinorder tohave nhancement ofsocialactivitieslow e accomplishmentofthisobjective aimsat: mproving publicawareness, understanding, I activity onthese premises. protected area and potentialimpactofhuman assessment ofpremises, naturalresources ofthe status of different kinds of underwater rocks. status ofdifferent kindsofunderwater Compr and/or speciesoftheprotected area. that cancauseseriousimpactonecosystem,habitat international or accidental interference of species D their protection status. endangered speciesoffloraandfauna anddefining I situation oftheprotected area. standards onmonitoringofenvironmental D andspeciesofinterest forthecommunity.conservation their protection status,definingpriorityareas for I state. to maintaintheminafavorable conservation and improvement status,inorder ofconservation taken in the implementation of management plan areas, protected species, effectiveness of measures programs foridentification,assessmentofsub- Contributing tothedraftingofnecessar of wildfloraandfaunatheirproducts. statusofprotecteda favorablespecies conservation or theirhabitats,definingothermeasures toassure Assessing protected species. protected area, sustainableuseandmanagementof recognition ofvalues, managementformofthe R protected area. research related tomanagementpurposesofthe P environmental impact. E character duringalltheyear. recreational, andcultural sport entertaining, E community andculturalheritage. air, diving,wildlife,traditionalcustomsofthe knowledgefurther onthepark, walksintheopen I t toscientific research onbiological,landscape

Promotion ofScientific Research and y monitoring solutions ofinformedandexperiencedlocalpeople. decision-makers deliver bettersolutions,basedonindividual thathelpsmanagersand instrument processes isanimportant and ideas. are abletocontributewiththeirknowledge, experience affected directly orindirectly by the managementplanning and involvement. Participation guaranteesthatpersons This isbetterachieved withsensitization,understanding toimprovelocal communityandserves theirlifequality. area andcooperationof withtheparticipation ispreserved basis foradministrationoftheprotected area. Theprotected neighbours andthewidecommunity. rental fees, respective public and private authorities, visitors, management structures onlocalscale,includinglicenses, on protection ofvalues andpreservation liesbeyond purposeoftheprotected area. The primary responsibility

accomplishment oftheabove objective: The follo b. a. 14. 13. 12. 11. e. d. c.

ood knowledge andsensitizationonpreservation ifferent studiesandassessmentsofland rovision ofanexhaustive listofstudiesandresearch

rafting ofeducationandpublicawareness elivering appropriate publicity to the nforming thepublicofinterest, values, habitats,

programs. respected by private entitiesandvisitors. tobe protected species, theirhabitatsandrules traditional and cultural values,to be observed, rules establishment ofprotected area, borders, natural, and otherperspectives. be potentiallygainedinrespect nature, biodiversity species oftheprotected area, scientificknowledge to D D I and visitors. and useofprotected area by localpopulation,users G tourism. and itssuburbs,aswell aspromotion ofsustainable A potentialtouristassessmentofpr assessment ofenvironmental impact. areas, speciesandtheirhabitats,includingalsothe actionstoprotect sub- organizations fornecessary Promoting andother publicparticipation well-developed. wealth, sothatwildlifeandecologicalsystemsare and enhancement of the natural environmental Continuous impr D projects on local,nationalandinternationalscale. marine ecosystemsshouldbeconducted,including protected area andtheircartography. to determinestatusofmainspeciesincludedinthe P P I The nvolvement inplanninganddecisionmaking rotection ofwildlifeandhabitatsisthe management plan principles provide a firm wing specific results are expectedfrom ovement restoration ofpreservation, otected area 53 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 54 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT (7) assessed inthree aspects: resources. Thiscapacityintheprotected area mustbe requests, butwithoutpermanent damage ofitsnatural level ofthearea useby visitorsorotherusers,meetingtheir in harmonywithnature. capacity Thesupporting represents capacitywithalowon theirsupporting impactandalways therefore activities shouldbesmoothlyimplemented, based oftheprotected area. within theterritory activities and thosewhich are excluded tobeconducted transformed into regional of the planned space instruments biodiversity, developed and landandwatersmustbefurther principles andobjectives anduseof setforpreservation drafting process ofthemanagementplan.Thevision, status. Area divisionstrategyisthenextsteptoward the division asitisanarea declared tobenewly underprotected 3.2DefinitionofManagementzones concerns ofnaturalsites. on prevention ofenvironmental degradationorharmful security mustnotbeusedasaanexcuse todefermeasure risks orirreversible damage,thelackofentire scientific available information.Nevertheless, whenthere are potential avoidance andmanagementofthreats andrisks. identification, adoptionofsuitablemeasures onactive into accounttheinputsofotherstakeholders. andtake from experience, assessandtrainstaffforexpertise improvemanagement unitsmustpreserve, capacities,learn have scientific basisor rely on relevant experience.The management effectiveness. Themanagement decisions must the findingsofmonitoringandother research toimprove monitoring ofmanagementresults, takingintoaccount the useofitsnaturalandculturalresources. Thisincludes continuousimprovementsupport andconsolidationof area mustreflect anacceptablemanageableapproach to regional journalsandmagazines, Web etc. exhibitions andbooklets,localtrainingprograms, TV, local, management process mustbedistributedviaflyers, manuals, threats, interferences andanyinformation regarding the or commercial perspective. treated asconfidential,whenitissensitive from thecultural from informationtobe making mustbemadepublic,apart must beopenandtransparent. The reasons ondecision- • DCM no. 1, dated 18.10.2013 drafting “On of National General Plan (NGP), based on law planning”, as territory “On amended. upporting environmental capacityrepresentsupporting thelevel in whichanecosystem,habitat orlandscapecan S The The pr The I The frame The pr The ar nformation ontheprotected area, features, effective proper management of the protected effective management must bebased on best ea ofPalermo-Llamani bayhasnoterritorial otection ofnaturalresources mustinclude otected area represents sensitive premises; work and decision-makingprocesses

established that: 06.06.2002 “On Protected Areas”, asamended,ithasbeen area. Pursuant 4/2 of the law no. to article 8096, dated requiredany intervention tobemadeinthisprotected their choice,according topositive ornegative effectsfor is tohelpadministrators, user and decision-makers make andnaturalbalances. in compliancewithrules andtraditionalfishingmustbealwaysallowedagro-forestry recreational highlevel unitsetc.Agriculturalactivities, service hotels, commercial complexes, and touristvillagesandsport be implemented, such as organized massive tourism, large fail toadapttheprotected area are notrecommended to while development isallowed. Several activitiesthatgenerally capacitieswhentheyfail, natural balancesandsupporting of ecosystem,habitats,species,landscape,restoration of friendly. Apriorityfortheprotected area isthepreservation is thatuseoftheseactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentally policies, plans and regulations) of the territory ofAlbania policies, plansandregulations) oftheterritory areas relies (including onfundamentalplanninginstruments

country. protected areas and up to date experience practices in our legal frameworkrequirements divisionof onterritory andprotection scaleofitssub-areas.denomination, surface (DCM) declaringtheprotected area defines the • • • • • sychological supporting capacityisthescalebeyondsychological supporting ea divisionconforms protection scale with sub-area nternal area division potentially includes thecentral oftheprotected area isdivided intosub- erritory without causingharmorlosing“the area status”. visitors andaccompanyingrespective infrastructure, welcome different social, economic effects, tourist, area canbeharmedby thisdevelopment. which basicqualitiesthatpeopleclaimintheprotected P adversely affect localcommunityandtheirlifestyle. of visitorsandaccompanyingrespective infrastructure which social,economicdevelopments, tourist,number Social andcultur nature. types ofhumanactivitiestherein and theirimpacton features, takingintoconsiderationnature ofthearea, Ar territory. development area andothersub-areas adaptedtothe area, recreation area, traditional usearea, sustainable I therein. areas ofhabitatsand ecosystems aspertheimportance T The maingoalofthepr The practical I The pr Like n addition,thedefinitionofmanagementsub- wise, theDecision ofCouncilMinisters oposed area divisionisinaccordance with al supporting capacityisthescalebeyond al supporting objective ofarea divisionstrategy otected area administrators 7 . willbe takenintoaccount. upper marineandlandsurface In oftheprotected area, calculatingthetotalsurface onlythe one, namely, a sustainable or even recreational development. have different usesandprotection scalesfrom underwater are different from superficial marinesub-area goalsthatwill treated according tomanagementgoals.But theseobjectives (at5,25mdepthandmore),are whichwillbe underwater For instance, protection sub-areas of the spread of Posidonia surface. taking into consideration marine and underwater for thefirsttimeis overlapping ofarea subdivisionlayers, protected area “Palermo-Llamani Bay”, which is developed protected area andsurrounding lands. and space, and functional characteristics included in the values, biodiversity, landscapes natural,culturalconstruction taking intoconsideration ecological andgeomorphological enabled theassignmentofprotection scaleofthesub-areas, toothermanagementobjectives. benefits thatare notcontrary economic, socialandtouristone,inorder toprovide economic area managementwithsustainabledevelopment, balancing waters, marineandunderwater, traditionallycoordinate sub- of landscapequality. Furthermore, thecontinuouslanduse, harmonic interactionofnature withculture through protection activities. In thisregard, thesub-area mustguaranteeasafe as well associal,economicandtouristallowed andprohibited naturalness, constituent assets, management goal and targets areas andthoseofsustainabledevelopment wasalsobasedon scale willbeapplied. management objectives for which the highest preservation toprotection and and alsothosethatare notcontrary maritime landscape.Activities tobeexercised were defined features, naturalmonuments,uniquelandandmarine- geomorphologicalnatural been assessedalsoextraordinary 2000 and/orthoseincludedintheRed Book.There have and endangered species,according toclassification Nature ofnaturepreservation andbiodiversity, typesofhabitats by human activity. Priority hasbeengiven toentire account theirnaturalnessandnaturalassets,littledisturbed effective management sub-areas, there have beentakeninto use between communityandnature. andculture, butalsoofthevariety ofrelationshistory and assessment onnature, biodiversity, wildlife,landscape, anthropological systems,inorder toprovide anoverall assessment ofrelations amongphysical,biologicaland of Porto Palermo Bay andsurrounding areas”. management sub-areas wasalsobasedon“Ecological Study and The methodologyusedtodeterminepreservation into considerationduringthedefinitionofarea division. in studies,for the protected area “Porto Palermo-Llamani The assessmentandidentificationofr I I The specificfeatur B Characteristics oftheterritor Like n theassessmentanddefinitionofcentral n thefieldwork, there were identified proposals, ased onthebestmethodsand practicesapplied wise, basedonlegalrequirements ithasbeen es ofeachsub-area are taken y divisionof ecreational sub-

according andrestrictions toclearrules forthesub-area. Only environmental andeducationalecotourismare allowed totheprotection purposeandmanagementgoals. contrary values in which there canbe exercised activitiesthat do not run characterized by ecosystems,landscapevalues andothernatural of protected area withsustainableandbalanceduse.It is and educationalpurposesby integratingthemanagement of physiographicandscenicregions forspiritual,scientific ofbiodiversity,preservation naturalareas, representatives rare andendangered types.Its priorityistheencompassing naturalhabitatsorlocations with important is high,withvery protection scalewillbeimplemented.Thenaturalperformance other related activitiesare fullyprohibited. Social, recreational economic, tourist, sports, activities and social development. protected area management and sustainable economic and of nature, landscapeandbiodiversity, inharmonywith sufficient. Itspriorityisharmonizationofthe preservation is protection scaleisimplemented.Thenaturalperformance planning instruments. and localgeneralterritory ecological values, naturalandculturallandscapenational functions of the protectedand facilitations that area, observe and underwater, and non-massiverecreational sport activities It allows foreducation,recreation opportunity inopenair of activitiesthatare inappropriate andcontent. inproportions available theuseofland,waters,marineandsea,performance traditional socialandculturalmanifestations. To prevent where practicesandcharacteristic fashion ;ofconstruction continuous useofland,waters,coastandseainatraditional interaction withculture through protection oflandscapequality, andmustguaranteeasafeharmonicnatural surfaces underwater defined asasub-area thatcontainsappropriate land,waterand isgood. scale isimplemented.Thenaturalperformance It is environmental monitoring. ofthefacilitationscientific state, insupport research and which are natural managedinawaythatcanpreserve without theneedofpermanentimproving interventions, landscape, outstanding geomorphological natural features natural monuments,uniquelandandmarine-maritime ofnature,full preservation biodiversity, endangered types, little or no disturbance by humanactivity. Its priority is the high,with is very implemented. Thenaturalperformance effective management. effective management. the environment thatrequire for humanintervention particular group types,bioticcommunitiesorphysical characteristicsof types, indispensable habitatfortheprotection of important the sub-area mustprovide andmaintainconditionsof four managementzones asbelow: Bay”, divisionsystemwith there canbeusedtheterritory Effectiv This sub-ar Cor A S R ustainable Development Zone, forwhichathird part from social and economic development, from socialandeconomicdevelopment, part ecreational Zone forwhichathird protection e Zone forwhichfirstprotection scalewillbe e Management zone , forwhichasecond ea hasthecharacterofstrictprotection. 55 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 56 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT are not contrary to other management objectives. toothermanagementobjectives. are notcontrary to derivelocal population an opportunity economic profits that thefacilitationofscientific t supports research sustainable andbalancedlong-termuse,thesubarea shouldgive to sustainablemanagementofnaturalresources. Through and environmental monitoringofprioractivitiesrelated No. 2 1 3 4 I Sustainable Development Zone (SDZ) Effective Management Zone (EMZ) Map 4: Zoning of the Protected Area territory 4:Zoningofthe ProtectedMap “Porto Palermo-LlamaniArea territory Bay” Recreation Zone (RZ) Core zone (CZ) TOTAL Zones Table 6:Managementzones

approved by NTC. the management plans anddevelopment instruments visitors andbusinessesare conductedincompliancewith fortheneedsofinhabitants,infrastructure andservices Area (ha) 1,579.87 325.83 2,067.75 42.61 119.44 U rban developments ofdifferent objectsor %/Total 100.00 15.76 76.41 5.78 2.06 following keyaspects: of theprotected area, actionmeasures should consider the involve individualsub-area. Regarding every thespecifics andmonitoringshould planning, management,supervision sub-area. terrestrial and social, economic and cultural factors of each of theelementsnaturalmarineenvironment, coastal, plan. Management actionsare basedonsoundknowledge efficiency ofimplementationand ofthemanagement review the ground forassessingtheadequacyofmeasures adopted, rotective, planningandmanagementmeasures to takeintoaccountthethreats posed.Also,theyprepare andinparticular the objectives oflong-termconservation applicable toeachsub-area shouldbeadequatetoachieve 3.3Management Actions 10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. egulating social,economic,touristic,traditionaland egulating theactivitiesoractionsharmingdisturbing pecification ofmechanismstofinancethe promotion ofthelocalpopulation,especially ctive participation forthedischargeordumpingof onitoring rules onitoring theaccessorre-access oftheinvasive ormulation ofthemonitoringprogramme toinclude evelopment andapproval ofthemanagement be contrary totheprotected area objectives.be contrary resources toprohibit andcontrol the activitiesthatmay administration underadequate authoritiesandhuman Establishment and permit requirements. which theprotected area isdeclared andtherelevant cultural activitiesinaccordance withtheobjectives for R cultural andestheticcharacteristicsofthearea. ecosystems, habitats,speciesthatmayharmnatural, statusof species orthatmayendangertheconservation R these sub-areas. that themanagementisinlinewithobjectives of outactivitiesensuring of area managementtocarry S managementmeasures.and certain of theresidents affected by thedeclared protected area A affect theprotected area integrity. waste andothersubstancesthatdirectly orindirectly M species totheprotected area. M and managementmeasures applied. data andinformation,effectiveness oftheprotective standards forthearea, situation,collectionofmissing the identification,assessmentofanumberkey F as anintegralprocess. administration and management should be provided and land territories in respect of which coordination, Concurring inv management andprotective applicablemeasures. plan specifyingthelegalframework,institutional, D I P n accordance andlaws, withtheapplicablerules olvement ofthemaritime,coastal operation of the management no exception shouldbemadeforthefollowing reasons: to meettheirneeds.However,could bemadeonlyifnecessary living andculturalactivitiesoflocalpopulation.Exceptions protective measures shouldtakeintoaccountthetraditional life qualityoflocalpopulation,andstrengthen localidentity. basic livingconditions,ensure theexistenceandenhance a sustainablesocio-economicgrowth. Thiscanhelpcreate the the best practices of nature and preservation biodiversity and activities whichare bothprohibited andpermitted. on thespecialcharacterofsub-area, andshouldconsider case, social,economicandtourismactivitiesshouldbebased future development processes oftheprotected area. In this or thosecausedby humanactivities,linkedwithcurrent or those areas withclearfocusontourismactivities. the future by private businessesoradministration,especially limit theavailability ofthearea activitiesin forconstruction etc., shouldbeallcarefully protected, whichmaylargely ecosystems andhabitats,useofinfrastructure andservices for theimageofarea, sensitivityoflandandmarine housing areas, andagriculture, transport withahighvalue designed andimplemented. action planstoprotect andrecover protected areas shouldbe is notallowed orpermittedwithin theprotected area. Thus, actions foreachcomponentofthesystem:whatisand resources. Theseshouldbeclearly reflected inmanagement of problems related tothepresence oflimitednatural future developments shouldcarefully consideranumber with managementsub-areas for andallopportunities wildlife floraandfaunaetc. in thesameplaceandtime, orwhorepeatedly disturb means and people activities, associatedwithalarge numberof facilitiesandrecreationalhigh-level noisy sports services, resort centers, notenvironmentally-friendly infrastructure, tourism inthearea, bighotels,complex tradecenters,major and facilities, organizationofmass the largenumberofservices protected area, are not recommended tobeapplied,suchas are generallynotinlinewiththestatus andconditionsofthe

11. b. a.

raining ofmanagers,qualifiedtechnicalstaffforthe work and visitors’ reception andinformation. out development ofappropriate infrastructure tocarry T biological processes contributing to their conservation; damage theecosystems,typesofprotected habitatsand When theythr threatened species. orendemic, endangered or especially migratory number of population species of flora and fauna, When theycausetheeliminationorshor A F S I The objectiv S ntegration of traditional activities with the ntegration oftraditionalactivitieswiththe ome social, economic and tourism activities, which ome social,economicandtourismactivities,which election ofmanagementactionsinconformity orm ofland,slopes,vegetation quality, historical ttention should be paidtorisksofnaturalorigin es of conservation are combinedwith es ofconservation eaten the preservation, destroyeaten thepreservation, or tage ofthe 57 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 58 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT The territory is geographically divided into fourmain areas: The territory oftheprotected area withtherightinformation. the territory visitors are toguidethemmove important safelythrough to feelreal characteristicsofthesensitive areas. facilities forvisitors,whichshouldbesufficientlyattractive for theadministrationistoestablishspecificinfrastructure the Protected Area, shouldbecarefully identified. The task attractive biodiversity andotherrelevant characteristicsof where visitorscanexperiencethebeautyofnature, monitor thatareasvisitors. On theotherhand,itisimportant to disturbancesby humanpresence, andislimitedto thelocaleconomy.tourists, whichalsosupport facilities anddevelop anattractive area forvisitorsand purpose, itisrequired tocreate andmaintainappropriate values and thehospitalityoflocalpopulation.For this «toexperienceournature,them theopportunities cultural have thesame interests fortheattractionofvisitors. Therefore, localpopulationandtheadministrationshould economic situationandlivingconditionsoftheinhabitants. awareness. Theyare forimproving equallyimportant the the objectives for environmental education and public not organized. Visitors are groups toreach important also becomeaheavyburden, ifnotwell-managed and Panorma peninsula. fishermen center, Grava Bay area, of allofthemparts bay, Porto Palermo area, Castle,thenew «Panorama beach», dditionally, areas designatedasprotected required tobetaken.Such areas are designatedatLlamani sustainable recreation areas, forwhichspecialmeasures are landscape sub-areas are quitesuitableforenvironmentally S The centralsub-ar D O A ightseeing landmarks and booklet information for ightseeing landmarks and bookletinformation for aily visitorsare welcome, anditisessentialtogive f course,visitorsare welcome, buttheycan ea isprimarilymore sensitive

component withintheprotected area. clearly specifiesthemanagementactionsforeachsystem should takeinto account theseprocesses, where table7 Spinarisi andCastleofPorto Palermo Peninsula. Amazing landscapesare Alpunibay, Kavadoni, Panorma, Llamani Bay, ArmeridaBay, St. Nicholas Bay andGrava Bay. stakeholders. and promotion of their valuesof all withthe participation of nationalandinternationalbestpractices,sustainableuse biodiversity andprotected areas, through implementation legislation in force regarding of nature, the conservation of protected area will be based on legal provisions of the to theobjectives oftheprotected area. resources toprevent and/orimplementallactivitiescontrary appointed, togetherwithappropriate meansandhuman managing body vested with sufficient power should be in thetextdocumentsprepared foreachsub-area. Also,a measures oftheproposed areas shouldbeclearly described administration and implementation of conservation standards. and pollutiontothearea, basedonenvironmental capacity land andwater, andwhocausenodamage,disturbance the tranquilityofarea, characteristicsofwildnature, and nature paintingetc.,withsmallgroups, whomaintain rowing, swimming;floraand fauna researchers, photography and sightseeinginnature, diving,skiingvisitors,boatsailing, of informationcentersandenvironmental museums;visits permanent residents andnewcomers,through establishment the process ofenvironmental education,awareness oflocal R Competences andr I A n thiscontext,specialattentionshouldbepaidto dministrators and users of the protected area ecruitment and job description of the staffecruitment esponsibilities forthe special characteristicsoftheprotected area. Panormanorthern peninsulaare includedasageo-morphologicalunitwith ofsouthern,westernand theroad and leadingtotheCastle.Also,parts excluding existingbuildings,parking square andtheSt. Nicholas Church The CentralSub-Division area includestheentire AliPasha Castlepeninsula, Description: 100.68 hectares are marineareas. The totalarea is119.44hectares, ofwhich18.76hectares are landareas, and • •

- - - - H values, whichshallnotbeadversely affected by humanactivities. features, slopes of Cape of Panorma Castle, cultural and archaeological natural area, biodiversity andexceptional naturalgeo-morphological High priorityinthearea oftheentire isgiven totheconservation Natural ishighlydeveloped. performance Undersea area ofAmphora. C

ultural Values: cabrilla, Oblada sp.,Chromis sp.etc. as Ther of Porto Palermo CastlelacksPosidonia meadows. oceanica, Cymodocea nodosaandHalophila stipulacea.The west coast S byssoides). B tree, Phomis, seaonion,whiteoregano, etc. pomegranate, juniper, wildolive, hackberry, figs,brier, Redbud Judas Mediterranean oak,olive, nutmeg,pistacchia,chastetree, wild EC naturalhabitat.Thearea isalsorichinotherspeciessuchas most interesting and almost unique in Albania, and as an important milkweed plant(Euphorbia dendroides), whichare considered the Ther abitats andSpecies: ea grassmeadows composedofthree plantspecies:Posidonia iocenosis oflow mid-littoralrocks, mainlyred algae(Lithophyllum Chelon sp.,Mullus Diplodussp.,Corisjuli,Serranus surmulletus, e isalsoagreat diversity offisharound thissub-division,such mo-Mediterranean andpre-desert, associatedwith shrubs Nature Type/Natural andCultural Assets Core Zone (CZ) Table 7:ZoningofProtected Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay” Activities totallyprohibited inthissub-divisionarea: implementation of rules or certain methodologies. orcertain implementation ofrules and other interested through patrolling parties, activities, based on strict Protection ofthearea isprovided incooperationwithlocalauthorities management ofnaturalresources. activities insub-divisionarea, primarilythoserelated to asustainable thescientificThe staffwillsupport research andenvironmental monitoring Activities allowed inthissub-divisionarea: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

previously approved guides. andculturalactivities. large-scale artistic the seafloor. metal andglasswasteotherheavymaterialsforintendedsinkingat P I C H or thr Any activitiesorotheractionsthatmightdamagedisturbthespecies Posidonia meadows from themarine-culture andanchors. species orre-introduction ofpreviously existedspecies,damageof I caves. Change ofthenaturalstatewaterr explosive, andpesticidematerials. fertilizers D S A A S special authorizationoftheadministrationProtected Area. R placesassignedby theadministration. only incertain P D for reception andhostingvisitorstourists. waste, plastics,aggregates, hydrocarbons, andestablishmentoffacilities other humanorigindisasters,suchasfires, diseases,disposalof solid T M activities withvehicles, motorbikesandbicycles. S Establishment offacilitiesforspor and administrationvehicles). M W D untreated sewage. damage thenatural,culturalandlandscapecharacteristics. area andinsurrounding area. overfishing anduseofprohibited meansandmethodsintheprotected of theterritory, seabedorlandarea. structure andfunctionsoflandmarineecosystems. technologies, meansandmethodscausingchangestobiodiversity, ntroduction ofanynon-indigenousspecies,geneticallymodified ntentional arsonsonthecoast. ailing activitiesforboats,canoesandothernavigationmeans,race oil excavation, quarries,extractionofsandandgravel. activities,useofintensive ocial-economic, touristicandconstruction ollution from ships,dischargeofhydrocarbons, and wastewater emporary recovery onlyincasesofnaturaldisastersor interventions, emporary hotographing, paintingnature, landscape,floraandfaunaspecies, buse andmaltreatment ofwildlife,includingillegalhunting, ctivities involving use of land and land reclamation, or use of subsoil esearch andenvironmental monitoringofthesub-divisionarea, with utting offorest vegetation andgrazingactivities. isposal ofwasteandsubstancesfrom ships,installationsandthecoast. isposal ofsolidwaste,hazardous aggregates andotherpoisonous, aily visit within the territory of Portoaily visit within the territory Palermo Castle, according to the unting activitiesandanymeansoffishingmarine-culture. recking/drowning ofships,cargoandgoodsanytype,barrels, ovement ofanytypesmotorvehicles (except firefighters, firstaid ilitary drillsandexercises.ilitary eaten the conservation ofecosystems,habitatsandspecies,or eaten theconservation Human/Social/ Economic and Touristic Activities First Level ofProtection ts andrecreational activities,camping, eserves, resourceseserves, andundersea 59 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 60 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT at LlamaniandArmeridaBays. Subdivision area. Several caves andunderseawatersources are alsoobserved ofPanormaparts CapeandGrava bay, whichare notincludedinCentral areaslopes along the road, from to Spinarisi the military Cape. There are also xerophytes’ vegetation, tunnel. Theremainly pastures are up to the military in a200mdistancefrom thecoast,ismadeofsteepslopescovered with ofKavadori Cape,down andsouthernpart The northern theLera Pass, by typicalMediterranean vegetation andsomesumacspots. down the road Himara-Qeparo up to Lera Pass, which is widely dominated Allamani beach.There are alsopresent steepslopesin South Llamani Beach Mediterranean vegetation and some sumac spots, from Alpuni Cape to This sub-divisionarea includesthelandsidesteepslopes,covered withtypical Description: 228.84 hectares are marineareas. The total area is 325.83hectares, of which 96.99 hectares are land area, and • •

------H - - - - - archaeological values, whichshallnotbemaltreated by human activities. morphological naturalfeatures, slopes,scenicnaturalareas, culturaland High priorityisgiven toentire exceptional biodiversity conservation, geo- High level naturalperformance. No specific cultural values. C

ultural Values: alga the south,closetolower limitofPosidonia meadow, otherinvasive presence ofspongessuchasCodiumsp.dhePinna nobilisinthisarea. In theyarein thenorth inabetter condition.There isa relatively large Posidonia oceanicaare while degraded,especiallyinthesouthernpart, lixula). Cystoseira ispresent coast.Meadows alongthenorthern of photofile, sponges(Chondrillanucula)andblackseaurchin (Arbacia P sponges dominatedby Chondrillanucula. mucilaginous, otherphotofiles,blackurchins (Arbacia lixula)and Llamani bayisr A oceanica, Cymodocea nodosaandHalophila stipulacea. S var. B prototypus, Peyssonelia Phymatolithon lenormandii, spp.etcare grown. B byssoides). Lo M L,. ), andassociatedalsowith SalviaPhlometum fruticosa fruticosae P Brassica incana,Paliurus spina-christi . Acanthus gryllus, spinosus, Chrysopogon Trifolium angustifolium, aculeatus, Asparagus acutifolius,Urginea aestivus, maritima,Asphodelus Galium aparine,Pistacia terebinthus, Spartium junceum,Ruscus Salvia triloba, Lotus cytisoides, PhlomisGlaucium fruticosa, flavum, milkweed plant(Euphorbia dendroides). Richwithfaunavegetation: Ther Kavadori Cape. andeastern areaspot forminthenorthern ofhillsLlamanibayand relict speciesdatingbacktothe Tertiary period,whichispresent in ithaburensis subsp.macrolepis, known asoaksof Vlora, considered a limestone rocks ofdegradedappearance.The vegetation ofQuercus by Coris juli,Serranus cabrilla,Oblada sp.,Chromis sp.etc. the mostcommononesare Chelonsp.,Mullus Diplodussp., surmulletus, W I algae diversity, andspongesofgenusAxinella,Agelas andSponge. coralogenous formationsare present withhighspongeand macro- and Dyctyota. In near the lower the eastern part, border of Posidonia, amentacea andotherPhotofiles dominated by Padina, Acetabular littoral is characterized by a continued presence of algae abitats andSpecies: n thearea around Panorma Peninsula andSpinarasi Cape,themid- orto Palermoorto bay, macrobenthos isdominatedby thealgaepopulation ea grass meadows, represented by three species of plants: hrygana, hrygana, iocenosis ofinfra-littoralalgae,associatedwithCystoseira amentacea iocenosis ofmid-littoral caves, varieties such as Hildenbrandia ssociations ofbiocenosiswithcoralogens. editerranean pseudo-steppes/prairies vegetation, dominated ithin thissub-divisionarea itisalsofoundawidevariety offishbut w Biocenosis ofmid-littoralrocks, mainlyred algae(Lithophyllum spicata. Brachypodium ramosum (assoc.Brachypodietum branching) on Caulerpa reacemosa var. mo-Mediterranean andpre-desert associatedwith shrubs, Nature Type/Natural andCultural Assets Effective Management Zone (EMZ) dominated by (assoc.Chrysopogono- Phlomis fruticosa epresented indeepwaterswithmacrobentics by algae cylindracea (Caulerpes vines)are identified. Cystoseira Posidonia Activities prohibited inthissub-divisionarea: implementation of rules or certain methodologies. orcertain implementation of rules other interested through patrolling parties activities,basedonstrict Area protection isprovided incooperationwith localauthoritiesand management ofnaturalresources. activities in the sub-division area, primarily those related to a sustainable thescientificThe staffwillsupport research andenvironmental monitoring • • Activities allowed inthissub-divisionarea: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Establishment offacilitiesforspor Change ofthenaturalstatewaterr P M D D H S I W S Any kindofconstr or thr Any activitiesorotheractionsthatmightdamagedisturbthespecies A D T Constr C A N of ecotourismdevelopment from specialized andapproved agencies. disturb thearea tranquility, characteristicsofwildnature, andpromotion traditions through organized guidetoursorlimitedgroups, whichdonot P motorbike andbicycle racingactivitiesinthearea. Boat, canoeandothersailingactivities,organizationofmassiv S M use ofprohibited meansandmethodsinaround theprotected area. D C including theassociatedbiologicalresources andculturalvalues. D andculturalactivities. large-scale artistic explosive, andpesticidematerials. fertilizers and scenicplacespreferred by visitors. Posidonia meadows from themarine-culture andanchors. species orreintroduction ofpreviously existedspecies,damageof glass wasteandotherheavymaterialsforintentionalsinkingattheseafloor. closer than300m;noviolationsorchangesofdestinationcapesandbays. damage thenatural,culturalandlandscape with geo-morphologicalandgeological forms,caves, etc.). study of land and sea flora and fauna, study the special value landscapes through thepermitted paths andtrails,free orguided sightseeingvisits, waste, plastics,glass,iron andhydrocarbon materials,etc. those causedby humanactivity, suchasfires, diseases, removal ofsolid pointsasassignedby theadministrationofProtectedat certain Area. areas andassemblypointsinaccordance withtheenvironmental capacity. points,attractive reception andinformationofvisitors,mainlyatentry clear limitationsofthespecificsub-divisionarea. biodiversity, structure andfunctionsoflandmarineecosystems. intensive technologies,toolsandmethodsadversely affectingchangesin untreated materials. sewage and administrationvehicles). of theterritory, seabedorlandarea. diving, only in certain placesassignedby theadministrationstaff. diving, onlyincertain ntroduction ofanynon-indigenousspecies,geneticallymodified pillover ofoil,wastewater, materials. anduntreated sewage sanitary ocio-economic, tourism, trade, and construction activities,anduseof ocio-economic, tourism,trade,andconstruction oil excavation, stoneexcavation plants,extractionofsandandgravel. eaceful activities, visits to cultural heritage sites and use of gastronomic eaceful activities,visitstoculturalheritagesitesanduseofgastronomic ollution from ships,dischargeofhydrocarbons and wastewater, emporary recovery onlyincasesofnaturaldisastersor interventions emporary ctivities involving use of land and land reclamation, or use of subsoil ctivities ofphotographing,paintingnature andlandscape,oreven utting offorest andvegetation activitiesandintentionalarsonsalongthecoast. reation and establishment of necessary infrastructure facilities for the infrastructure facilitiesfor the reation andestablishmentofnecessary ature andeducation-orientedecotourism,according and totherules amage andabuseofwildlife,includingillegalhunting,overfishing and isposal ofsolidwaste,hazardous aggregates andotherpoisonous, activitiesinroad sides isposal andcollectionofwaste,construction iscovery, ofnaturalareas sightseeing andentertainment (walking amages tothenaturalqualityofsea,landandcoastal,landscape, unting andanykindoffishingmarine-culture activities. recking/drowning ofships,cargoandgoodsanytypes,barrels, metaland ovement ofanytypesmotorvehicles (except firefighters, firstaid ilitary drillsandexercises.ilitary eaten the conservation ofecosystems,habitatsandspecies,or eaten theconservation uction of small harbors for boats and speedboats, and parking places uction of small harbors for boats and speedboats, and parking places Human/Social/ Economic and Touristic Activities uction activities along the slopes at a distance from the shore uction activitiesalongtheslopesatadistancefrom theshore Second Level ofProtection ts andrecreational activities,camping, eserves, resourceseserves, andunderseacaves. e car, and othercaves are alsoincluded. undersea marine water area, water resources under Armerida bay and Spinarisi Cape, and slopes along the motor-road. All the ofKavadori, PanormaAlaupi Cape,Llamanibeach,centralpart Sub-division area andRecreation Area, mainlytheuppersideof remaining from CentralSub-division Area, Efficient Management The landarea ofthissub-divisionincludesalltheterritory Description: land area and1,422.87hectares ismarinearea. The totalarea is1,579.87hectares, ofwhich157.00hectares is • •

- - - - Marine benthiccommunitiesandhabitats - H - - - - - development. of protected area and a sustainable economic and social landscape andbiodiversity, coordinating themanagement P Normal natural performance. There are notanyspecial cultural values. C

riority is given to the harmonization of nature conservation, riority isgiven totheharmonizationofnature conservation, ultural Values: A B Peyssonelia spp., Hildenbrandia prototypus, Phymatolithon lenormandii, B red algae(Lithophyllum byssoides). Lo Ther rare vegetation andsomesub-endemicrelict species. macedonica, Brassica incanasubsp.egaea,etc.,represent ephedra foemina,etc.Further, Acis Ionica, Athamanta Limonietum anfracti, Capparis orientalis,Putoria calabrica, cytisoides, etc.represent endemiccommunitiesofCrithmo- anfractum, Elymus pycnanthus, Desmazeriamarina,Lotus The following species:Crithmum maritimum,Limonium christi. spinosus, Trifolium angustifolium,Brassica incana,Paliurus spina- Acanthus gryllus, aestivus,Chrysopogon maritima, Asphodelus Spartium junceum,Ruscus aculeatus, Asparagus acutifolius,Urginea Glauciumfruticosa, flavum, Galium aparine, Pistacia terebinthus, Elymus pycnanthus, Desmazeriamarina,Lotuscytisoides,Phlomis consists ofSalvia triloba,Lotuscytisoides,Limonium anfractum, Panorma Cape.Floristic compositionofthiscommunitymostly of associationsmilkweed plant(Euphorbia dendroides), to Oblada sp.,Chromis sp.etc. Mullus Diplodus sp., Coris Juli, surmulletus, Serranus cabrilla, of fish,themostcommonwhichare asfollows: Chelonsp., Ar and makro-algae speciessuchasAxinella,Agelas andSpongia. is populated with rich coralogene formations and sponges The nor Acetabular andDyctyota. amentacea and other photofiles dominated by Padina, is characterized by a continued presence of algae Cystoseira The mid-littoralar reacemosa While inthesouth,manyotherinvasive algaCaulerpa with asignificantpresence ofCodiumsp.andPinna nobilis. Posidonia part, the northern meadow isinagoodcondition ( is dominatedby algaephotofilepopulation,sponges by urchins (Arbacia lixula)andspongespeciesdominated dominated by mucilaginousalgae,otherphotofiles,black Coralogen B stipulacea. Posidonia oceanica,Cymodocea nodosaandHalophila S abitats andSpecies: Chondrilla nucula)andblackseaurchins (Arbacia lixula).In ea meadows are usuallymadeofthree plantspecies: iocenosis ofmid-littoralcaves, grown varieties suchas iocenosis ofinfra-littoralalgae ssociated withCystoseira amentaceavar. ea ofPorto Palermo-Llaman isquitediverse andhasadiversity w Biocenosis mid-littoralrocks are usuallymadeof Chondrilla nucula.In Porto Palermo, macrobentos Nature Type/Natural andCultural Assets , consisting mo-Mediterranean and pre-desert, consisting shrubs Sustainable Development Zone (SDZ) th-west andeast,nearthelower border ofPosidonia, var. cylindracea (Caulerpes vines)are alsoidentified. Llamani bay is iocinosis isassociatedwithLlamanibay ea ofPanorma Peninsula -Spiranasi Cape spicate. Activities allowed inthissub-divisionarea: Activities prohibited inthissub-divisionarea: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

artisanal fishermenboats,firstaidboatsandotherauthoritiesinthesea artisanal area. the administration. fishing,andoutdoorsightseeingtoursasdetermined by the administration),sport diving, watermotoractivities,boats,speedboats(withinalimitedareas assignedby and hydrocarbon materialsetc. by humanactivitysuchasfires, diseases,disposalofsolidwaste,plastics,glass,iron administration oftheProtected Area. specific areas forvisitors. the spiritualandculturalconstitutionoflocalpopulation. marine-culture activityfrom theProtected Area. from specialized andapproved agencies. tranquility, characteristics of wild nature, and promotion of ecotourism development through organized guidetoursorlimitedgroups, whichdonotdisturbthearea prohibited meansandmethodsinaround theprotected area. A C D U P andpesticidematerials. fertilizers D scenic placespreferred by visitors. D ofmanagement. rules H S the marine-culture andanchors. reintroduction ofpreviously existedspecies,damageofPosidonia meadows from I and otherheavymaterialsforintentionalsinkingattheseafloor. W S Any activitiesorotheractionsthatmightdamagedisturbthespeciesthr territory, seabedorlandarea. A geological forms,caves, etc.). flora andfauna,studyofspecial value landscapes withgeo-morphologicaland permitted paths and trails, free orguide sightseeing visits, study of land andsea D U the generalmanagementgoalsofarea. of thearea foreconomicbenefitsoflocalpopulation,whichare notinconflictwith Long-term sustainableandbalanceduseofnaturalland,seaseabedr Constr T Constr M S the creation andmaintenanceofshelternutritionfacilities. S points, inaccordance withtheenvironmental capacity. points,attractive areas, assembly and informationofvisitors,mainlyatentry C of landforagriculturalproducts. S unless anenvironmental licenseisissued. A S P M associated biologicalresources andculturalvalues. cultural andlandscapecharacteristics. ofecosystems,habitatsandspecies,ordamagethenatural, the conservation ntroduction ofanynon-indigenousspecies,geneticallymodifiedspeciesor easonal livestock grazing and their traditional breeding activity (except goats), along with easonal livestock grazingandtheirtraditionalbreeding activity(except goats),alongwith oil excavation, rock excavation plants,extractionanddisplacementofsandgravel. pillover ofoil,wastewater, materials. anduntreated sewage sanitary upport oflifestylesandeconomicactivities inharmonywithnature, upport preserving ustainable activities and controlled traditional fishing, gradually removing the eaceful activities, visits to cultural heritage sites and use of gastronomic traditions eaceful activities,visitstoculturalheritagesitesanduseofgastronomic traditions ollution from ships,dischargeofhydrocarbons, anduntreated wastewater sewage. ocial-economic seasonal activities,grazing,collection of medicinal plants, anduse emporary recovery onlyincasesofnatural disasters orthosecaused interventions emporary buse andmaltreatment ofwildlife,includingillegalhunting,overfishing anduseof ctivities involving use ofland and landmodification, oruseof subsoilofthe ctivities thatdonotaffecttheecologicalecosystemintegritycannotbeapplied utting offorest vegetation andactivation ofintentionalarsonsalongthecoastline. reation and establishment of necessary infrastructure facilitiesforthereceptionreation andestablishmentofnecessary se ofPorto Palermo dockforalimitednumberoftouristboatsandspeedboats for se ofPorto Palermo harborby bigfishingboats. isposal ofsolidwaste,hazardous aggregates andotherpoisonous,explosive, activities along isposal the and roadscollection of urban waste, construction and iscovery, ofnaturalareas sightseeingandentertainment (walkingthrough the amage of the natural quality of coastal,sea and land landscape, including the unting activitiesandanymeansoffishingmarine-culture activitiesoutofthe recking/drowning of ships, cargo andgoods of any types, barrels, metal and glass waste aintenance andtreatment ofurbanwaste,sewerageandwastewater, mainlyin drillsandexercises.ilitary uction of infrastructure for sports activities, entertainment, water sports and watersports activities,entertainment, uction ofinfrastructure forsports pointsbyuction ofsmallharborsandparking the facilitiesatcertain Human/Social/ Economic and Touristic Activities Third Level of Protection esources eaten 61 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 62 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT • • used forrecreation andtouristicpurposes. Bays, premises tobereclassified aswell asallmilitary and and touristsinLlamani,Armerida,Saint Nichols’, andGrava It includesallpresent centersusedby businessandvisitors Description: water motorsandothervessels threatening thelifeofvisitors. in order andrestrict toalert theiruseby boats,speedboats, 150-200 meters,andislimiteduptotheseafloatinganchor, D Total landarea is42.61hectares.

Porto Palermo CastleandSt. Nichols’ Church. C Not anyhabitatsandspecies. H istance foruseby recreation visitorsshouldnotexceed ultural values: abitats andspecies: Nature Type/Natural andCultural Assets Sustainable Development Zone (SDZ) Recreation Zone (RSDA) methodologies. through orcertain patrollingparties, activities,basedonstrictimplementationofrules Protection ofthearea isprovided incooperationwithlocalauthoritiesandotherinterested forasustainablemanagement. intervention communities orenvironmental physicalcharacteristics.This requires specialhuman conditions required species,andgroups fortheprotection ofspecies,biotic ofimportant Besides thesocial-economicdevelopment, thearea hastoprovide habitat andpreserve division area, primarilythoserelated toasustainablemanagementofnaturalresources. Th Activities prohibited inthissub-divisionarea: Activities allowed inthissub-divisionarea: methodologies. through parties, patrolling or activities, certain based on strict implementation of rules Protection ofthearea isprovided incooperationwithlocalauthoritiesandotherinterested division area, primarilythoserelated tothesustainablemanagementofnaturalresources. Th e staff will support scientifice staff will support research and environmental monitoring activitiesin the sub- e staff will support the scientifice staff will support research and environmental monitoring activities in sub- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Development andPlanning Instruments adoptedby the Territory Council. residents ofthemanagementplanandUrban andbusinesseswilltakeplaceinsupport U P D D ofmanagement. rules H S glass wastesandotherheavythatmaybesubmergedatthebottomofsea. W D A S The touristicactivityintheformermilitar placesforvisitorsandtouristsetc. entertainment photographing, nature andlandscapepainting,coastalroads, foodfacilitiesor for spiritualpurposes,culturalactivities,libraries,fairs,exhibitions,public activities, towers, sightseeinginspecificpaths,subaqueousmuseum,parking lots,camps,those fishingfacilities,watch- useofwatermotors,boats,speedboats,sports diving sports, Constr Constr protected area. Constr T M them toresort facilities,recreation areas andreception areas fortouristsandvisitors. E accordance withtheenvironmental capacity. points,attractive areas, assemblypoints,in information ofvisitors,mainlyatentry C Cattle grazingandbr associated biologicalresources andculturalvalues. D U and pesticidematerials. scenic placespreferred by visitors. seabed areas. visitors. defined objectives andmanagementprioritiesoftheprotected area. plan has to be adopted by the National Territory Council, in full compliance with the not bebordered by buildingsaffectingtheformsoflandscape. Further, adetailed regulatory fortouristsandvisitors. seashore forinstallingtentsandlightunitsofservices communal infrastructure and green areas, aswell asabeltof10-50metersfrom the only aftertheassignmentofparcels forpublicuse,includingtheroad corridorsof hydrocarbon materialsetc. human activitysuchasfires, diseases, removal ofsolidwaste,plastics,glass,iron and recreation areas. oil excavation, rock excavation plants,extractionandmovement elsewhere ofsandandgravel. ocial-economic, touristic, commercial and service activities in support oftouristsand activitiesinsupport ocial-economic, touristic,commercial andservice ollution from ships,dischargeofhydrocarbons, wastewatersanduntreated sewage. emporary recovery onlyincasesofnaturaldisastersorthosecausedby interventions emporary valuation and reclassification of the existing military buildingsinordervaluation andreclassification totransform oftheexistingmilitary ctivities including the misuse or modification of certain parts ofland,underground or parts ctivities including the misuseormodificationofcertain reation and establishment of necessary infrastructure facilitiesforthereceptionreation and andestablishmentofnecessary rban development of various the needs facilities of and infrastructure supporting se ofPorto Palermo harborby bigfishingboats. isposal ofsolidwaste,hazardous aggregates andotherpoisonous,explosive, fertilizers activities isposal along and the collection roadsof urban waste, construction and ischarge ofhydrocarbons, wastewater, sewerageanduntreated sanitationwaters. amage ofthenaturalqualitycoastal,seaandlandlandscape,including unting activities and any means of fishing and marine-culture activities out of the recking/drowning ofships,chargesandgoodsanytype,aswell asbarrels, metaland aintenance and treatment of urban waste, sewerage and wastewater, mainly in the uction ofresidential ortouristicfacilitiesinthissub-divisionarea willtakeplace uctions of facilities for public use, sports tracksandplaygrounds, waterand uctions offacilitiesforpublicuse,sports uction ofsmallharborsandparking facilitiesasdefined by theadministrationof Human/Social/ Economic and Touristic Activities eeding activitiesofthesub-divisionarea. Third Level of Protection Third level ofprotection y properties should not have a high density and shouldnothavey properties ahighdensityand altissima (Mill.) such asAgave (Agave americanaL.),nutmeg(Ailanthus with severe effects onecosystems, habitats or species, modified species,andtoprevent theaccessof thosespecies of purposeful or accidental non-indigenous or genetically should betakentoregulate theinflow innaturalhabitats development ofaspecificactionplan. species,through the their threat status,includingmigratory and implementedinorder toprotect, renew andimprove At thesametime,actionmeasures shouldbeformulated measures toensure afavorable stateoftheirconservation. othermanagement species ortheirhabitats,andperform necessary, prohibit activitiesthathave negative effectson status. Action measures shouldarrange,andwhenitis threatened andendangered species,basedontheirprotection identification, preparation oflistsforthetypeshabitats Thiswillbeachieved throughstate ofconservation. the fauna species,inorder tomaintaintheminafavorable Action measures consist in the management of flora and types ofhabitatsandthreatened andendangered species. withregard particularly their long-termconservation, to and marinecoastallandscapes.Theobjective isfor oftheprotected areaperformance administrationpersonnel. working andlogisticstoolsforthetask of necessary groups ofinterest. Thesemeasures also require theprovision solid cooperationwithHimara Municipality andotherlocal management plan.Need capacitydevelopment, forfurther implementation oftheapplicablelegalprovisions, andstakeholdersforrecognition,the participants upon thedeclarationofprotected area. Measures for for theestablishmentandoperationofadministration activities inaccordance withitsvision. area, thusallowing long-termsocial,economicandeco-touristic maintains theunderlyingecologicalprocesses oftheprotected of unique marine, coastalandlandscapebiodiversity, and and managementensures theadministrationandmanagement implementation. area, deadlinesandresponsible unitstodealwiththeir term objectives setforthemanagementofprotected of themanagementplan,programs, longtermandshort- 3.4 Action Plan accordance withtheecological capacity oftheprotected of thelandscapeandhistorical andculturalvalues, in system, long-termuseofnatural resources, characteristics ofsecurity,action isinsupport consolidationofmanagement resources, includinghistorical andculturalones.This Halophila stipulacea,Crabs (Percnon gibbesi)etc. M The S The actionplansuppor Another impor S trengthening oftheprotected area administration ustainable use of natural coastal-marine aintenance ofecosystem,habitats,biodiversity action plan sets out measures to be launched Swingle), Caulerpa racemosa var. tant measure intheprotected area ts thefullimplementation cylindracea,

touristic fishing. fishing ingroups, withlimitedlocalfishermenand artisanal activity. Theactionmeasures consistinthedevelopment of Fishing inPorto Palermo isrelatively alessimportant pastoral andcattlebreeding limited. activitiesremains very area ismarine-culture activity, asagriculturalactivities, sylvo- nature related regeneration activities. andservice through financial mechanismsthatcanboostfundingfor and offerasustainableimprovement ofecosystemservices the improvement oflivingconditionslocalcommunities, actions for a better use of these resources, provide income for area. They regulate, according to specific sub-areas, concrete different typesofecotourismactivities. ofnature andlandscape,upondevelopmentconservation of of lifetoresidents andvisitors,closely linkedwiththe objectives oftheProtected Area, bringingimproved quality and businessactivities,withoutaffectingthevision the promotionactivities. They alsosupport ofcommunity ecotourism, recreation, healthandcultural entertainment, These measures are ofthedevelopment of insupport and healthrelated sports entertainment, activities. and themuseum. Nicholas archaeological values Church, thoseunderwater provided for the cultural resources of Ali Pasha Castle, St. fauna andflora. the Protection ofNatural andsemi-naturalhabitatsofwild lawonaquaculturethe new andprotective statusconcerning ofthearea,status ofthearea, basedon outsidetheterritory 2021, have toadopt their activities in line with thenew whose marine-culture permit/licenseexpires in2018and business fishermen). fishing include local fishermen and artisanal groups (small the rocky coast.Protected Area managementprocess will date mussels(Lithophaga),whichhascauseddamagesto in Porto Palermo bayandillegalcollectionofdestructive management,prohibitensure thisactivity proper fishery inorderof monitoring,inspectionandsurveillance, to landscapes, inharmonywiththe identityoftheprotected area. visitors shouldenjoy beautiful,attractive, naturalandpeaceful should berelated toitsmanagementandguests,tourists the characterofProtected Area. Infrastructure facilities standard that are in harmony facilities with or tourist services the state of marine and coastal resources of cultural continuity. the natural integrity, social and economic development and development andmanagementofactivities,whichpreserve The actionplanpr Another impor The maineconomicactivitywithinthepr The A D Conser ction measures encourage certain forms of ction measures formsof encouragecertain evelopment ofsustainablerecreational, aim of these measures is also to develop vation and employment measures are also tant measure istheenforcement ovides thatallprivate businesses otected 63 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 64 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT the managementplanandhumanactivities. techniques, andassessmentofeffectiveness ofmeasures of monitoring programme for scientific research, management The implementationofthesemeasures willimprove the related tothemanagementofprotected habitatsandspecies. scientific research forasustainableuseofsub-area particularly interest ofvisitors. in theeducationalprocess ofyoung peopleandinthe research, monitoring,educationandinformationactivities promote environmental andculturalvalues, fostering awareness andeducationvalues. Thisactivityhelpsto treatment ofurbanwasteetc. wastewater, provision ofdrinkingwater, managementand development ofseweragesystem,treatment and ofsewage marine-coastal waterqualityby meansofinfrastructure specific values ofthearea. to increase incomeandinterest offishermen regarding the ecotourism and recreational fishing,as away tourism-sport These measur P Concr Another targetisalsothedev romotion of monitoringandresearch, public ete actionsshouldbetakentoprotect es shouldencourageandpromote elopment of

human activityeffects. development of the protected area and recognition of stepsfortheprotection andsustainable the necessary organizations, schools,massmedia,private business,for non-governmental promotionefforts, to publicparticipation educational andpublicawareness programs. and culture. Thisinformationshouldhave aspecialplacein to beobtainedfrom theperspective ofnature conservation area, especiallyforspecies,habitatsandscientificknowledge related toissuesofspecificinterest, values oftheprotected Plan andtheirimplementationtimeframe. publications. withavariety ofculturalandtourist management rules, prohibited activities,protected species,theirhabitats,visitor ofmanagement,allowed rules boundaries, certain and resources, biodiversity, landscape,culturaltraditions,area areas, especiallyinrecognition ofecologicalvalues, natural measures takenforproper publicinformationonprotected T A An I mportant value isalsoattachedtotheaction mportant able 8provides allactionmeasures oftheAction ction measures give alsoaspecialemphasisand important topic is the public information important Table 8: Main management actions

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION SCHEDULE INDICATORS SUB-AREAS

Programme 1: Consolidation of Administration and Management of the Protected Area

Approval of Palermo-Llamani area as a Protected Area, under the status of Ministry of Environment (MoE) Professional and effective monitoring and 2015 Protected Area “Nature park”. NAPA management is in progress.

Approval of the Management Plan of the Nature park “Porto Palermo-Llamani Key documents for the management of MoE / NAPA 2015 Protected Area bay”. protected area are made available.

Approval of the administration staff of the protected area of “Porto Palermo- Recruitment of professional staff for the MoE / NAPA 2015 Protected Area Llamani bay”. management of the protected area is made. Formulation and implementation of activities on information and public awareness Forest Service Direct. / PA Law enforcement, reduction of cases of of the applicable legal provisions on administration, management and sustainable Administration, Every Year Protected Area criminal and administrative contraventions. use of natural and cultural resources of the protected area. (SIEF)

Information and implementation of the management plan of the protected area Performance related to management of PA Administration Every Year Protected Area “Porto Palermo-Llamani bay”. protected area is improved.

Interested parties are involved in the Capacity building and strengthening of cooperation between the Municipality, PA Administration Every Year Protected Area consolidation of management process and administration of the protected area and other local groups of interest. Municipality use of natural resources. Training of administration staff on information and data management on marine MoE / NAPA Scientific level for marine and coastal Every Year Protected Area and coastal ecosystems. Research Institutes ecosystems is increased. Knowledge and responsibilities on Training local members on the management, activities and their responsibilities in MoE / NAPA / RAPA Every Year Protected Area implementation of protected area activities the protected area. Municipality are consolidated. Demarcation of protected area and on-site management sub-areas. RAPA / Municipality 2015-2016 Protected Area Demarcation of land and marine protected area.

Drafting and implementation of the regulation on responsibilities of the Tasks, rights and responsibilities of personnel MoE / NAPA / RAPA 2015 Protected Area administration staff of the protected area. for law enforcement activities are assigned.

Inspection of social, economic, touristic and services activities within the territory 2015 Management Authority in all sub-areas for all social – SIEF / RAPA of the protected area. Ongoing Sub-Areas economic activities is exercised.

Inspection and arrangement of the fishing and marine-culture activities, based on 2015 Management Artisanal fishing and gradual removal of SIEF / RAPA the management sub - areas. Ongoing Sub-Areas marine–culture activities is being established.

Inspection of illegal hunting activities of flora and fauna wild species in the 2015 Management Wild land and marine flora and fauna species SIEF / RAPA marine and coastal area. Ongoing Sub-Areas within the territorial protected area prohibited. 65 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 66 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION SCHEDULE INDICATORS SUB-AREAS Inspection of fires of pastures, pollution of marine and coastal waters, solid 2015 Management Quality of marine waters and sub-waters waste, sewage system and untreated wastewater, any type of waste disposal and SIEF / RAPA Ongoing Sub-Areas and landscape is increased. wrecking/drowning of boats/vessels. Provision of all available logistic and working tools for the accomplishment of Performance of administration staff and mission by the personnel of the protected area (personnel facilities, equipment MoE / NAPA / RAPA Every Year Protected Area inspection for the implementation of tasks and furniture, personal computers, printers, photocopies, scanners, uniforms, and management plan are increased. motorbikes, binoculars, camera, telescope, speedboats). Programme 2. Conservation of ecosystem, habitats, biodiversity and marine and coastal landscape

Drafting of action plan for the conservation of biological diversity, for the MoE / National Environment Agency 2015 According to Quality and status of the types of habitats and preservation of land, marine and coastal habitats. (NEA) / NAPA Research Institutes Ongoing Sub-Areas endangered species under protection is improved. Identification and formulation of lists of the biological biodiversity components, Lists with complete data for species, habitat MoE / NEA / NAPA types of threatened habitats and endangered species, based on their level of 2015-2018 Protected Area types are made and creation of a protected Research Institutes protection status. area database is designed. Drafting and implementation of action plan for the protection, recovery and the MoE / NEA Status of protection of endangered species is 2015-2020 Protected Area improvement of their level of endangered status, including migratory species. Research Institutes improved. Identification of processes and action categories, which might have a significant MoE / NEA / NAPA Necessary data for social, economic and adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biologic diversity, and Research Institutes / RAPA / 2015-2020 Protected Area touristic activities are available. monitoring activity of their effects. Municipality Arrangements on intentional or accidental introduction of non-local or MoE/ NEA 2015 Access of invasive species is prohibited to Protected Area genetically modified species in the natural habitats of the protected area. Research Institutes Ongoing protected area. Preservation of high quality of sea waters and seabed waters, prevention of their Preservation of water quality of marine ecosystem NAPA / NEA / Municipality Every Year Protected Area degradation and destruction. and underwater sources is maintained. Preservation of marine and coastal characteristics of the ecological, geological, Conservation of ecologic vulnerable coastal – geo-morphological importance, capes, bays, caves, tunnel, water sources and NAPA / RAPA / Municipality Every Year Protected Area marine species from disturbances and misuse underwater wildlife. is under control. Increase of the surface area with Posidonia Formulation of a specific programme for the conservation of meadows with MoE / NAPA / NEA 2015-2017 Protected Area is in progress and management of species is Posidonia (Posidonia oceanica). Research Institutes consolidated. Development of programs for observation and fight against invasive species, MoE / NAPA / NEA Access of invasive species to the protected Agave americana L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Caulerpa ssp., of 2015-2017 Protected Area Research Institutes area is denied. (land and sub water area) Grabs algae (Percnon gibbesi) etj.

Programme 3: Sustainable Use of marine and coastal natural resources, including historic and cultural ones.

Implementation of development forms and management of activities for the 2015 Sustainable development of social economic conservation of natural, social and economic integrity of marine and coastal RAPA / Municipality Protected Area Ongoing activities in the protected area is in progress. natural and cultural resources. MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION SCHEDULE INDICATORS SUB-AREAS Promotion of new financial tools to increase investments for the natural recovery, 2015 Natural resources of landscapes and services of biodiversity, and sustainable use of marine and coastal natural resources, in RAPA / Municipality Protected Area Ongoing marine and coastal ecosystems are improved. conformity with the environmental capacity. Development of standards for the facilities or touristic services in harmony with 2015 Sustainable economic services of ecosystem and the characteristics of the protected area, infrastructure of the management, and RAPA / Municipality Protected Area Ongoing marine and coastal biodiversity are improved. presentation of the protected area identity. Territory planning standards and construction Territory planning adjustment, rational use of the territorial area, based on the area RAPA / Municipality Every Year Protected Area activities are in accordance with the capacity capacity and urban planning instrument. and the status of protected area. Development of sewage infrastructure facilities, treatment of waste and MoE / NAPA / Line Ministries, 2015 The number of visitors, sales and typical local wastewater, supply with running water, urban waste management and treatment Protected Area Municipality / PA Administration Ongoing products and landscape quality are increased. etc, in the interest of the protection of marine and coastal area water quality. Arrangements on discharge or waste disposal or other substances causing direct or SIEF / PA Administration Environmental performance of the Ongoing Protected Area indirect damages to the protected area integrity. Municipality protected area is increased. Arrangement of prohibition of any illegal activities or modification of land and SIEF / PA Administration Sustainable management of land, water and waters, or underground activities of the land, seabed, marine and coastal territory Municipality Ongoing Protected Area marine and coastal landscapes is being improved. within the protected area. Research Institutes Arrangement or prohibition of any type of other activities damaging or disturbing SIEF / PA Administration Landscape quality is improved, the number of the life of species or threatening the conservation status of the ecosystem or Municipality Ongoing Protected Area wild marine and underwater fauna species is damaging the natural and cultural characteristics of the protected area. Research Institutes increased, and the number of visitors is in progress. Arrangement or prohibition of fishing and hunting of the wild flora and fauna, SIEF / PA Administration, Collection of protected species is prohibited, fish date mussels, corals and other protected species or destruction of habitats of Municipality Ongoing Protected Area quantity for trade is increased, and damages to the marine and coastal rocky area. Research Institutes coastline rocky area and landscape are diminished. MoE / SIEF / RAPA / Ministry of Quality of marine and undersea waters is Removal of marine-culture from the territory of protected area, based on the new Agriculture, Rural Development and Armerida and St. 2018-2021 preserved, fish natural resources and eco-touristic status, and promotion of artisanal and recreational fishing. Water Administration (MARDEWA), Nichols’ Bays recreation fishing is being positively preserved. Municipality Research Institutes Development and implementation of technical projects for the conservation of necessary sub-water areas for the preservation of fish species and their peaceful PA Administration Eco-touristic development in the protected 2017-2024 Central Sub-Areas cultivation (specific obstacles for fishing boats according to the specific marine Municipality / Research Institutes area is in positive progress. relief), development of tourism and sub-water museums. Conservation of cultural values and preservation of their historic original Ministry of Culture / NAPA List of all cultural, historic, archeological, and 2016-2018 Protected Area characteristics. Municipality / PA Administration spiritual values of the protected area is drafted. Implementation of technical projects on conservation, maintenance and use of Cultural values, fair and exhibition events, Ministry of Culture / NAPA Sub-Areas of cultural resources, such as Porto Palermo Castle, St. Nichols’ Church, sub-water Every Year folk festivals, historic shows of local value Municipality / PA Administration Cultural Values archeological values, and museum institutionalization. are being promoted. Programme 4: Development of entertainment, sports, health and recreational activities. 67 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 68 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION SCHEDULE INDICATORS SUB-AREAS Promotion and implementation of eco-touristic activities, such as entertainment, Improvement of services, quality of life of PARA / Municipality recreation, health and cultural activities, supported by the private sector and local Every Year Protected Area local residents and increase of the number of Private Sector community, in line with the vision and objectives of the protected area. visitors is in progress. Assignment of the sightseeing itineraries in nature, sightseeing areas and places according to tourist and visitors’ interest, camping areas, cabins and cottages, Conditions for information and reception of PARA / Municipality 2015-2017 Protected Area sanitary facilities, waste disposal places, medical health facilities, parking areas, visitors and guests are being improved. sport fishing areas, horse riding paths, docks etc. Promotion of businesses and community for the specific development forms and Joint collaboration of interested parties for PARA / Municipality activity management types in support of the natural, social, cultural and economic Every Year Protected Area a sustainable development of natural and Private Sector activity and the preservation of marine and coastal resources in the area. cultural resources is increased. Reception conditions of protected area are Construction of facilities for guest visitors in natural landscape attractive areas, line with the best standards for attraction peaceful places in conformity with the identity of the natural features of the PARA / Municipality 2015-2019 Protected Area and increase of the number of visitors and protected area, to be preferred by tourists and based on approved technical projects. tourists is showing a better performance. Infrastructure and services supporting the Specification of the areas for eco-touristic sea and underwater activity (diving areas, needs of visitors and tourists are generating RAPA / Private Sector 2015 - 2016 Protected Area boat sailing, sport fishing, wild life sightseeing in the sea and coastal area etc). more income for local communities and businesses. Placing and maintaining the waste disposal containers according to waste types in PARA / Municipality 2015 Quality of solid waste management and Protected Area most populated beach areas by the visitors. Private Sector Ongoing treatment is improved. Publishing tourist and visitor guides such as natural and ecological leaflets and 2015 Information and management performance Municipality / NGOs Protected Area booklets for various groups of interest. Ongoing for visitors is better provided. Establishment of a museum center, archeological areas, libraries and shops related Information for promotion of natural, PARA / Municipality to recreation and culture, reception of visitors, guests, promotion of natural and 2015-2020 Protected Area traditional, cultural and spiritual values is Private Sector cultural resources and local traditional products. better transmitted to visitors. Programme 5: Promotion of values, scientific research and monitoring, public awareness and education. Promotion of research and other scientific activities in support of the information MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research Studies and assessments of land and marine of values, the management form of protected area, sustainable use, management Every Year Protected Area Institutes / PA Administration eco-systems are conducted. of habitats and protected species. Study and assessment of activities with negative effects on species and their List of measures for the improvement of MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research habitats, identification of measures for a favorable situation of the conservation of 2016-2017 Protected Area favorable situation of the conservation of Institutes / PA Administration protected species and their products. species and habitats is available. Drafting monitoring programs for the identification and assessment of sub-areas, MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research Conservation status of species based on the the effectiveness of measures of the action management plan, and improvement of 2016-2017 Protected Area Institutes / PA Administration sub-area management is improved. status of protection of protected species. Study, identification and formulation of the list of endangered and threatened MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research List of endangered and threatened species of 2016-2017 Protected Area flora and fauna species and identification of the status of their protection level. Institutes / PA Administration wild fauna and flora is made available. MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION SCHEDULE INDICATORS SUB-AREAS Study and identification of habitats and their problematic species, their status List of all habitats and priority areas of MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research of protection, specification of priority areas for the conservation of species of 2016-2018 Protected Area conservation of species of EC interest is Institutes / PA Administration community interest. provided. Identification of measuring indicators and main monitoring parameters of the MoE / NAPA / NEA Situation of natural environment is 2016-2017 Protected Area environmental situation of protected area. Research Institutes improved. Case Study on expansion of the invasive species and their impact on the natural MoE / NAPA / NEA List of situation of non-local invasive species 2016-2018 Protected Area ecosystem of protected area. Research Institutes is available. Comprehensive study on the distribution and specification of status of various MoE / NAPA / NEA List and status of types of all sub-water 2016-2018 Protected Area types of sub-water rocky area. Research Institutes rocky sections is designed. Appropriate measures for the arrangement of intentional or accidental introduction of other non-local species, or other genetically modified species, MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research Impact of non-resident species in land and 2016-2017 Protected Area in natural habitats and prohibition of other species threatening the eco-system, Institutes / PA Administration marine eco-systems is reduced. habitat, or species of protected area. Study, identification and assessment of the effectiveness of protection and MoE / NAPA / NEA / Research Performance of the implementation of management measures, implementation of the management plan, and Every Year Protected Area Institutes / PA Administration management plan is increased. improvement of protection status of species and their habitats. Formulation of education- awareness programme for public awareness of the protected area, and further information on ecological, natural, biodiversity, landscape, traditional PA Administration Education and Public Awareness plan is 2016 Protected Area and cultural values. Also, information on border areas, rules of management, permitted Municipality / NGOs made available. and prohibited activities, and rules to be applied by private subjects and visitors.

Improvement of the public awareness process, understanding, assessment of the PA Administration Assessment of the potentials of protected area for Every Year Protected Area protected area environment and potential impact of human activities in these areas. Municipality / NGOs / Mass-media a sustainable use of human activities is conducted. Participation of community, NGO-s, and Support of local environmental NGOs and media for the public awareness PA Administration Every Year Protected Area private sector for a better management of supporting activities. Municipality NGOs, Mass-media natural and cultural resources is improved. Training sessions and seminars on sustainable use of the natural and cultural PA Administration Staff knowledge and capacities for the Every Year Protected Area values. Municipality / NGOs protected area management is increased. Formulation of booklets, leaflets, posters, albums, DVD, CD, commercial TV Publishing of various materials for public PA Administration spots, short documentary films, caps and blouses bearing protected area logos, Every Year Protected Area information, awareness and presentation of Municipality / NGOs and natural and landscape and cultural values, etc. protected is made. Transparency for implementation of Public information for the interest and values of protected area, species and PA Administration Every Year Protected Area management plan, and rational use of scientific values related to nature protection, biodiversity and other components. Municipality / NGOs natural and cultural resources is increased. Promotion of public participation, NGOs, schools, mass-media, businesses and PA Administration Concrete activities with the participation of private actors, for necessary steps on protection and sustainable development of Every Year Protected Area Municipality / NGOs all interested parties are conducted. protected areas. 69 III. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT 70 PA, Audimage PA, S / C © RA per relevant years are considered in the proposed project fiches. management planandspecific actions.Allactionsforeseen as account istakenoftheprovisions proposed intheapproved a car, 5 motorcycles, aspeedboat,5 binoculars andatelescope. photocopier, digitalcamerafortaking photographsandshooting, office supplies, 3 computers with all relevant accessories, one small workshop (one-storey, withfourrooms) forthestaff, framework oftheRegional Forest Directorate. Service under thefollowing tableastheyare completedwithin the salaries andsocialinsuranceare not included incalculations level) andofthePA workers. Personnel orservice observers of Rangers,Environmental RangerGuards (highlevel, middle of PA Unit, PA Inspector (highlevel, middlelevel), theHead Class and Basic Salary. of the This table specifies thesalary Head 2), administratively dividedintocategories(IorII),monthly personnel”,of forest asamended(Attachments service 1and to DCMno. 455,dated18.7.2007“On salariesandbonuses 522, dated11.8.2012“On someadditionsandamendments a limitedstaffnumberof6persons. include the administration of theProtected Landscape with of theRegional Forest Directorate Service of Vlora should state’s budget. directly bornebyofEnvironment theMinistry outofthe salaries, socialinsuranceandotheroperationalcostsshallbe includedtherein.articles Expenses forthepermanent staff in conformitywiththebasiclawof“State’s Budget” and in thePA underastandard form,calculationswillbemade salaries, socialinsuranceandoperationalexpenses. approved from programs thecalculationsofincome, apart ofFinance,Ministry prepare theinvestment planunderthe Environment, incollaborationwithitsbasicunitsandthe includingthePAnature conservation, network anddiversity. that preparesof programs andfinancialplan(PBA)inthefield and administrationinAlbania.It alsoremains theauthority the for humanresources. actions setoutintheP I V . rap F INAN a As alr B E The M The financialplanisbasedonthemanagement R F S s alary structure and level are alary basedontheDCMno. unds are requirement for task performance for a unds are requirement fora fortaskperformance very year therelevantvery of unitsoftheMinistry ased on the project fiches scheduled to be executed egarding theinvestment planpreparation, due , is responsible for the PA network management eady proposed, theorganizationalstructure inistry ofEnvironment andNAPA,inistry through C IAL PLAN art 3.Thisplanalsoincludesneeds art

(expenses (current expenses), income, influding donor funding. (expenses (current expenses),income,infludingdonorfunding. out andmonitoring,calculatingtheperiodicalcapitalcosts with itsobjectives andgoals,outcomes/activitiestobecarried forthemanagementplanimplementation higher importance actions,thoseof This issubjecttothebudgetand/orpartial development andenhancethecommunitylifequality. recreation, sustainable leisure activitiesthatsupport andsport reception andinformationofvisitors,creating conditionsfor must beintegratedwithinfrastructure upgradingforthe of naturalenvironment oftheprotected area biodiversity area managementsystem”. needed fortheprogramme “Strengthening oftheprotected research andother related activities.Higher expensesare development, personneltraining,public awareness, scientific protection,budgets, capitalinvestment, tourism further first five-year periodthanforthenextone. 2024. Plan implementationrequires more fundingforthe implementation isnotequalyshared fortheperiod2015- individual activity. Thetotalcost for themanagementplan programs andactivities,arough costestimateismadeforeach period. Given that the management plan is divided into implementation amountsto585,840USDfora10-year 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. A demarcation signs; withdistinguishingandmeaningful pening andmaintenanceofpaths and routes forthe reparatio ofleaflets,flyers, posters,albums, DVD, mall piersformooringsimplenavigationvessels of uilding andmaintenanceofinfrastructure forthe passage ofvisitorsandtourists; O of wastebins,especiallyinthevisitorstops; Cleaning ofP bearing PA logoetc. films,CD, publicityspots,short andcaps T-shirts P tents andvisitors’ rest stops; parking ofvehicles, fortheinstallationofcaravans, Landscaping topr plastic material; S P sizes, attractionandadaptiontothePA naturalvalues ; and othersimilarcomponentsofvarious shapesand tables, watchtowers, Belvedere, faucetconstruction reception ofvisitors,andinstallatiobillboards, stools, B The pr D F The totalcostfortheM unding is allocated for the annual operational rafting oftechnicaldesignsfortherehabilitation oject fichesgenerallyaimat: A naturalenvironment andinstallation ovide proper conditionsforthe anagement Plan anagement Plan 71 I V. FINANCIAL PLAN 72 I V. FINANCIAL PLAN

Table 9: Budget by programmes:

Total Cost per year: Nr. Programme/Actions cost (USD) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 I. Programme 1: Strengthening of the protected area management and administration

1 Approval of Palermo-Llamani area as a Protected Area, under the status of “Nature park”. x xxxxxxxxxx 2 Approval of the Management Plan of the Nature park “Porto Palermo-Llamani bay”. x xxxxxxxxxx 3 Approval of the administration staff of the protected area of “Porto Palermo-Llamani bay”. x x x x x x x x x x x Formulation and implementation of activities on information and public awareness of the applicable 4 24,000 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 legal provisions and MP. 5 Capacity building activities for PA staff and local members. 16,000 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 6 Demarcation of protected area. 5,200 1,600 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Provision of all available logistic and working tools for the accomplishment of mission by the personnel of 7 the protected area (personnel facilities, equipment and furniture, personal computers, printers, photocopies, 116,000 80,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 scanners, uniforms, motorbikes, binoculars, camera, telescope, speedboats). Drafting and implementation of the regulation on responsibilities of the administration staff of the 8 x xxxxxxxxxx protected area. 9 Inspection of social, economic, touristic and services activities within the territory of the protected area. x xxxxxxxxxx TOTAL I. 161,200 85,600 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 II. Programme 2. Conservation of ecosystem, habitats, biodiversity and marine and coastal landscape Drafting of action plan for the conservation of biological diversity, for the preservation of land, marine 1 4,400 800 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 and coastal habitats. Identification of processes and action categories, which might have a significant adverse impacts on the 2 x xxxxxxxxxx conservation and sustainable use of biologic diversity, and monitoring activity of their effects. 3 Formulation of a specific programme for the conservation of meadows with Posidonia (Posidonia oceanica). 4,800 1,200 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Drafting and implementation of action plan for the protection, recovery and the improvement of their 4 1,600 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 level of endangered status, including migratory species. Arrangements on intentional or accidental introduction of non-local or genetically modified species in 5 x xxxxxxxxxx the natural habitats of the area. 6 Preservation of high quality of sea waters and seabed waters, prevention of their degradation and destruction. 8,000 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 Preservation of marine and coastal characteristics of the ecological, geological, geo-morphological 7 x xxxxxxxxxx importance, capes, bays, caves, tunnel, water sources and underwater wildlife. TOTAL II. 18,800 2,960 1760 1760 1760 1760 1760 1760 1760 1760 1760 Total Cost per year: Nr. Programme/Actions cost (USD) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 III. Programme 3: Sustainable Use of marine and coastal natural resources, including historic and cultural ones

1 Develop inventory of all nature and cultural monuments. 800 800 x x x x x x x x x 2 Assesment of culturl richness, preservation of original and historic features. 4000 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Implementation of technical projects on conservation, maintenance and use of cultural 3 48,000 12,000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 resources.

4 Trainings with anglers on sustainable development of traditional and recreational fishing. 8,000 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800

Organisation of fairs on the promotion of agriculture, diary, fish and other local articrafts, 5 80,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 celebration of of local religious festivals. TOTAL III. 140,800 22,000 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 IV. Programme 4: Development of entertainment, sports, health and recreational activities 1 Definition of itineraries, establishment and maintenance of trails and visitor facilities. 6,000 2,400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Definition of camping sites, sanitation services, medical services, parking lots, sport fishing 2 5,440 4,000 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 sites, horse riding trails, docks and their maintenance. 3 Built visitor infrastructure (info tables, signs, benches, belvederes, watch tower, etc.) and maintenance. 30,400 16,000 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

4 Construction of a small dock for boats/jet skis and angling platform. 4,000 4,000 x x x x x x x x x 5 Development and promotion of underwater tourism. 4,000 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Placing and maintaining the waste disposal containers according to waste types in most populated 6 12,000 12,000 x x x x x x x x x beach areas by the visitors. Publishing tourist and visitor guides such as natural and ecological leaflets and booklets for 7 8,000 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 various groups of interest. Establishment of a museum center, archeological areas, libraries and shops related to recreation and culture, 8 100,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 reception of visitors, guests, promotion of natural and cultural resources and local traditional products. TOTAL IV. 169,840 55,600 19,360 19,360 19,360 19,360 7,360 7,360 7,360 7,360 7,360

V. Programme 5: Promotion of values, scientific research and monitoring, public awareness and education Study and identification of biodiversity components, list of habitat types, endangered species 1 2,400 800 x x x 800 x x x x 800 and updating of these lists. Study and identification of habitats and their problematic species, their status of protection, 2 2,400 800 x x x 800 x x x x 800 specification of priority areas for the conservation of species of community interest.

3 Case Study on expansion of the invasive species and their impact on the natural ecosystem of protected area. 2,400 800 x x x 800 x x x x 800 73 I V. FINANCIAL PLAN 74 I V. FINANCIAL PLAN

Total Cost per year: Nr. Programme/Actions cost (USD) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Comprehensive study on the distribution and specification of status of various types of sub- 4 2400 800 x x x 800 x x x x 800 water rocky area. 5 Conduct studies and periodic monitoring of water quality on the whole marine and coastal ecosystem 4,000 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Study, identification and assessment of the effectiveness of protection and management 6 measures, implementation of the management plan, and improvement of protection status of 1,600 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 species and their habitats. Development of educational awareness raising programs (best practices) for NGOs, schools, 7 1,600 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 fishermen, business and local community. 8 Training sessions and seminars on sustainable use of the natural and cultural values. 4,000 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Formulation of booklets, leaflets, posters, albums, DVD, CD, commercial TV spots, short 9 documentary films, caps and blouses bearing protected area logos, and natural and landscape and 56,000 20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 cultural values, etc.

10 Development and update of habitat and species map according to NATURA 2000. 2,400 800 x x x 800 x x x x 800

11 Support of local environmental NGOs and media for the public awareness supporting activities. 16,000 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

TOTAL V. 95,200 26,720 6,720 6,720 6,720 10,720 6,720 6,720 6,720 6,720 10,720

TOTAL BUDGET (∑ I-V) 585,840 192,880 49,440 49,440 49,440 49,440 37,440 37,440 37,440 37,440 41,440 75 © RAC/SPA, Gérard PERGENT 76 A C © IN © If appropriate, priortotheamendmentsapublicconsultation these changesshouldnotaffectits overall objectives andgoals. made on the basis of these periodic assessments. However, of activitiesordutiesandresults ofthe managementpractices. contribution tothemitigationofmajorthreats, implementation measure thelevel ofsuccessbiodiversity conservation, management measures. Monitoring andassessmentshould and retrieve datarequired proper fortheimplementationof managers assess the effectiveness of management strategies and actions. protected area managementaspertheprogram, objectives as arapid,simpleandprecise to monitorthe instrument of “Monitoring of Management Effectiveness (MME)” monitoring and assessment, we should consider the method management effectiveness. help monitoringtheprogress fortheimprovement of The methodisgenerallyappliedincaseswhere itmay Priorities undertheConvention forBiological Diversity. ranging from theRapidAssessmenttoMethodology of implementation ofspecificmeasures fortheprotected areas helpsthemanagerstrackprogressin Albania.METT for (8) Effectiveness Tracking Tool, referred toasMETT management monitoringandassessment.The Management 3.3,monitoringandscientific part research programs. with themonitoringofcomponentssystemreferred toin level/status ofplanimplementationandshouldnotbemistaken revise asimilarplan.That process aimsto regularly assessthe ten years. This timescheduleis regarded asanormal periodto whileacomprehensiveopportunities, review isrequired every anagement Plan (MP)isnotaninvariable assessed totakeintoaccountanyinformationandnew conditions andinnovative processes. MPshouldbeannually butitchangesintandemwiththeeconomic instrument MONITORIN V

ManagementEffectiveness Tracking Took: Progress on ProtectedReport Areas. SecondEdition, revised andpublished by the . W or ld F I The monitoringandassessmentpr I A numberofmethodsar M und f f deemed necessary, plan amendments may be n thecaseofPA “Palermos-Llamani Bay” forMP or W ildlife P reservation ( reservation G e appliedintheprocess of AN WWF D ), July 2007.. ocess helps the ocess helpsthe A 8 , isapplied SS E SS MENT O in the management plan are of paramount importance. in themanagementplanare ofparamountimportance. corrections adverse outcomeetc).Also,theproposals fornecessary (achievement oftheexpectedresults, adverse effects,unexpectedor withtheecologicalsituationwithinprotected area interfering should conductaprecise assessmentoftheresults ofactions responsibility ofthemanagementplanadministrators,who measure theeffectiveness oftheimplementedactions. indicators tobemonitored andassessedare builtinorder to and threats existinginnature andforculturalassets.Some and institutionalarrangementsforprotected area, conditions a challengeformanagers,takingintoaccounttheexistinglegal for thenextfive years. should takeplaceregarding proposed inMP theinterventions and independent experts: and independentexperts: Management Effectiveness is completed by in-local, foreign interested andactive intheprotected parties area. group ofcriteriaandindicators,withtheinvolvement ofthe 1=ongoing,2=completed),basedonthe (0= notstarted, to inthemanagementplan,basedon“Implementation” should displaythelevel ofenforcement ofactionsreferred

proposals shouldbeincorporatedinseparateannexes. and decision-makingbodies.Alltypesofcomments corrections in the management plan to the competent madeproposals for and completion,theteamofexperts • • • • ndependent experts. embers oftheManagement Committee. and authorities(Ministry embers ofthesupervisory taff oftheprotected area. I M NAPA). M S O The AssessmentofM Efficient implementationofthemanagementplanis The F ollowing thetablemonitoring,assessment rganisation of the assessment and revision is a rganisation oftheassessmentandrevision isa Table ofMonitoring oftheProtected Area F MANA G anagement Effectiveness EMENT

V . MONITORING AND 77 ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT 78 V . MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT objectives Short-term objectives Long-term Programme ofecosystem,habitats,biodiversity 2:Conservation andmarinecoastallandscape objectives Short-term objectives Long-term Programme 1:Strengthening oftheprotected area managementand administration Actions Actions natural habitats. of non-localandgeneticallymodified species to PA Regulation of the intentionaloraccidental introduction effects. use ofbiologicaldiversity andmonitoringoftheir andsustainable significant effectsontheconservation activities which have or are likelyto have negative Identification oftheprocesses andcategoriesof status. threatened habitatsandspeciesaspertheirprotection diversity components,typesofendangered and Identification anddraftingofthelistsbiological and terrestrial habitats. biological diversity, maintenanceofmarine,coastal Formulation of ofprograms fortheconservation Maintenance andpreservation ofhabitats,marineand coastalbiodiversity andlandscape. threatened andendangered habitatsand species. To ensure of ecosystem, habitats, marine and coastal landscape of the protectedthe conservation area, especially of the types of binoculars, camera,telescope,speedboat) photocopier, scanner, uniforms,motorbikes, supplies andfurniture, completePC,printer, area administration(personnelbuilding,office the duties of personnel of theprotectedperform Provision work andlogisticstoolsto ofnecessary wastes andwrecking/drowning ofsailingvessels. waterdischarge,disposal ofany untreated sanitary and and coastalwaters,solidwaste,wastewater Control offires inpastures, pollutionofmarine culture asperthemanagementsub-areas. Control andregulation offishingandmarine- activities withinthePA territory. Control ofsocial,economic,touristicandservice operation andresponsibilities ofPA administration. Preparation andimplementationoftheregulation on management sub-areas. On-site definitionof PA boundariesandof ecosystems. and datamanagementonmarinecoastal Administration personneltrainingforinformation and otherlocalgroups ofinterest. the Municipality, protected area administration Upgraded capacitiesandsolidcooperationbetween administration. provisions andbylaws ofPA managementplanand Introduction to and enforcement of the legal landscape “Porto Palermo-Llamani Bay”. Creation oftheadministrationprotected Landscape”, Fifth Category. Bay asaprotected area underthestatusof“Protected Announcement oftheregion ofPalermo-Llamani Establishment ofunitsandsolidprotected area management. processes oftheprotected area, whileallowing thesocial,economicandeco-touristiclong-term activitiesinaccordance withitsvision. To ensure theadministrationandmanagementofuniquemarine,coastallandscapebiodiversity andmaintainthekey ecological Programme /Objectives/Actions Table 10: “Follow-up oftheEffectiveness oftheManagementPA ManagementPlan” species. Prohibition ofthe introduction ofinvasive and touristactivities. Tracking ofdatarequired forsocial,economic types ofhabitatsandcreation ofPA database. oflistswithfulldataonspecies, Delivery and threatened habitatsandspecies. Status improvement forthetypesofendangered management plan. and control foraccomplishmentoftasksand oftheadministration Enhanced performance undersea waters. Higher qualityoflandscapeandsea eradication ofmarine-culture. Management fishingandgradual ofartisanal socio-economic activities. Control exercised asperthesub-areas forall of thestaffinexercising theirduties. Definition oftasks, responsibilities andrights and marineborder oftheProtected Area. Installation of distinguishingsignsfortheterrestrial for informationmanagement. Consolidation ofknowledge andresponsibilities forPAparties administrationprocess. oftheconcerned Ensuring theparticipation management system. Increase oftheeffectiveness of PA Increase ofPA administrationperformance. Network andAlbania. areaprotected surface ofPA District Enlargement ofthemarineandcoastal Indicators Implementation 2 1 0 0 = not started, 1=ongoing, 0 =notstarted, 2 =completed Corrections /Notes Assessment / / Assessment objectives Short-term objectives Long-term Programme 4:Implementation ofsustainable,leisure, andhealthactivities sports objectives Short-term objectives Long-term Programme 3:Sustainable useofthenaturalmarine-coastalresources, includingthehistoricalandculturalones Actions Actions integrity andthestatusofmarine-coastal resources. thenatural,social,economicandcultural preserving forms of development and management of activities Promotion ofbusiness andcommunitytoapply fishingfacilities,horseriding,piersetc. sports parking lot, waste collectionpoints,medicalservice, facilities, visitors uponrequest, camps,caravans, sanitary Identification of itineraries for nature activities, stays of without affecting PA visionandobjectives. ofprivatethrough sectorandcommunity, thesupport leisure,entertainment, health and culturalactivities Promotion andimplementationofeco-touristic, Use leisure forentertainment, andeco-touristicpurposes. businesses, withoutaffecting PA visionandobjectives, improving thelifequalityoflocal residents andvisitors. To ensure leisure theimplementationofeco-touristic,entertainment, andhealthactivitiesthrough thepromotion ofcommunityand protected speciesorrock habitatdestruction. wild floraandfauna,datemussels,coralsother Regulation orprohibition offishingandhunting, or itsunderground withintheprotected area. oftheterritory,underground inspecificparts seabed activities andlandreclamation oruseof Regulation orprohibition ofanyexploitation affect theprotected area integrity. or othersubstancesthatmaydirectly orindirectly Regulation ofthedischargeordisposalwastes of coastalmarinewaterquality. treatment of urbanwasteetc,undertheprotection for drinkingwatersecurity, managementand and used water treatmentsystem, wastewater Development of the infrastructure of sewer presentation. management infrastructure andPA identity in harmony with PAtourist services character, Development ofthestandards offacilitiesor natural marine-coastalandculturalresources . the natural,socialandeconomicintegrityof management ofactivitiesconstantlypreserving Application oftheformsdevelopment and Implementation ofsustainablesocio-economicactivities historical values, inharmony withtheecologicalcapacityofprotected area. To provide amore solidmanagementsystemandlong-term useofnaturalresources, landscapepeculiaritiesandofcultural Crab (Percnonetc. gibbesi) Ailanthus altissima(Mill.) Swingle., algaeCaulerpa ssp., fighting ofinvasive species,Agave americanaL.and Formulation and ofprograms forthesupervision oceanica). ofmeadowsconservation withPosidonia (Posidonia Formulation ofaspecialprogramme forthe degradation anddestruction. and undersearesources, prevention oftheir Maintenance of the high quality of marine waters world. capes, bays,caves, tunnel,springsandsubaqueous of ecological,geological,geomorphologic importance, Preservation ofthemarineandcoastalcharacteristics Programme /Objectives/Actions cultural resources. the sustainable development of natural and Joint for interaction oftheconcernedparties visitors. Proper conditions for receiving and informing residents andincrease ofthenumbervisitors. lifequalityoflocal Enhancement ofservices, and landscape. for trade,reducing thedamageofrocky coasts species, increase ofthenumberfishused Prohibition ofthecollectionprotected sea andundersealandscape. Sustainable management of land, waters and Enhanced PA environmental performance. typical area products andlandscapequality. Increase ofthenumbervisitors,sales coastal biodiversity. oftheecosystemandmarine services Improvement ofsustainableeconomic activities intheprotected area. Sustainable development ofsocio-economic and undersea)from invasive species. Keeping thePA area surface free (terrestrial consolidation. Posidonia andspeciesmanagement areaEnlargement ofthesurface with resources. ecosystem watersandofunderseaaqueous Preservation ofthequalitymarine misuse. sensitive componentsduetodisturbanceand Preservation oftheecologicalmarine-coastal Indicators Implementation 2 1 0 0 = not started, 1=ongoing, 0 =notstarted, 2 =completed Corrections /Notes Assessment / / Assessment

V . MONITORING AND 79 ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT 80 V . MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT objectives Short-term objectives Long-term Programme 5:Promotion ofvalues, monitoringandscientific research, publicawareness andeducation Actions of PA, natural,landscape andculturalvalues etc. films,spots, short andcapsbearingthelogo T-shirts tourist guides and maps, DVD, CD, publicity Preparation of leaflets, posters, albums, calendars, and culturalassets. training sessionsonthesustainableuse ofnatural Organisation of public awareness seminars and applied by private companiesandvisitors. tobe permitted andprohibited activities,andrules and culturalvalues, boundaries,managementrules, ecological, natural,biodiversity, landscape,traditional programme onPA publicity, knowledge onthe Formulation oftheeducational-publicawareness species andoftheirhabitats. plan, improvement of of thestatusforpreservation measures, implementation of the management effectiveness ofprotective andmanagement Study, identification and assessment of the identification ofthe status of various types of reefs. Comprehensive study for the distribution and species andtheirimpactonPA naturalecosystems. Study onknowledge forthespread offoreign parameters tomonitorPA environmental situation. Identification ofmeasuringindicatorsandmain of interest tothecommunity. ofspecies high priorityareas fortheconservation species, theirprotective status,identification of Study, identificationofhabitatsandproblematic and identificationofthespeciesprotection status. flora andfaunathreatened andendangered species, Study, identification and formulation of the list of of theprotected species. plan andimprovement ofthestatusforconservation of measures fortheimplementationofmanagement identification, assessmentofsub-areas, effectiveness Formulation ofmonitoringprograms forthe of theprotected speciesandtheirproducts. measures toprovide afavorable statusofconservation effects ontheirspeciesorhabitats,adoptionof Study andassessmentoftheactivitieswithnegative educational, publicawareness andinformation process, nature assessmentandbiodiversity. Support tothescientific research onthebiological,landscapeandcultural values oftheprotected area asakey contributiontothe activities intheeducationalprocess ofyouth, populationandvisitors. To ensure the promotion of environmental and cultural values, scientific research and monitoring of public awareness and information resources andlocaltraditionalproducts. reception ofvisitorsandpromotion ofnatural-cultural areas, librariesandshopsinrelation totheentertainment, Establishment ofthemuseumcenter, archeological suitable fordifferent groups ofinterest. Preparation ofnaturalguides/eco-guidesthatare beaches andthosepreferred by visitors. treatment andseparationatsource inthecentersof Placement andmaintenanceofcontainersforwaste aqueous bird etc). observation fishing, undersea activities(diving,sailing,sports Identification oftheareas ofeco-touristicseaand area identityasperthetechnicaldesigns. enjoyed by touristsandrepresentative oftheprotected visitors, withbeautiful,attractive, stillnature scenery Establishment ofinfrastructure forthereception of Programme /Objectives/Actions introduction materialsfortheProtected Areas. Various publicityevents, publicawareness and development forPA management. Acquisition ofknowledge capacity andfurther programme. ofeducationalandpublicawarenessDelivery management planimplementation. of Enhancement oftheperformance List andstatusofthetypesreefs. species. List forthedistributionofforeign invasive status. Improvement ofthenaturalenvironment species. areas of EC-relevance for the conservation ofalisthabitatsandhighpriority Delivery endangered andthreatened species. ofthelistfloraandwildfauna Delivery areas. asperthemanagementsub- conservation Improvement of the status for species species andtheirhabitats. of the favorable statusoftheconservation ofthelistmeasuresDelivery forimproving offered tothevisitors. traditional, culturalandspiritualvalues Provision ofinformationtopromote natural, ofvisitormanagement. performance Provision ofinformationandenhanced Management andtreatment ofsolidwastes. income forthecommunity. satisfying theneedsofvisitorsandgenerating Establishment ofinfrastructure andservices tourists. and increase ofthenumbervisitorsand as perthebeststandards fortheattraction Introduction ofPA reception conditions Indicators Implementation 2 1 0 0 = not started, 1=ongoing, 0 =notstarted, 2 =completed Corrections /Notes Assessment / / Assessment and sustainabledevelopment oftheprotected areas. to launchproper stepsrequired fortheprotection mass-media, businessandprivate concernedparties Promotion NGO-s,schools, ofpublicparticipation, other related aspects. the perspective biodiversity ofnature and conservation, protected area, speciesand scientific knowledge from Public informationabouttheinterest andvalues ofthe Programme /Objectives/Actions participation oftheconcernedparties. participation Implementation ofconcrete activitieswith cultural resources. of managementplan,rationalusenaturaland Increase oftransparency fortheimplementation Indicators Implementation 2 1 0 0 = not started, 1=ongoing, 0 =notstarted, 2 =completed Corrections /Notes Assessment / / Assessment

V . MONITORING AND 81 ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT 82 A C © © IN © © V World Bank. Integrated CoastalManagement &Clean-Up Programme. 10. 06.1995. UNEP. Convention fortheProtection oftheMarine Environment andtheCoastalRegion oftheMediterranean. Barcelona, Th Goga, F Paloka. “Socio-economic analysisandstudyontourismdevelopment”, 2014. January Sajmir BEQIRAJ,ArjanGACE andXhemalMATO. Ed. RAC/SPA -MedMPAnet Project, Tunis. 44pp+annexes. RAC/SPA -UNEP/MAP, 2013. Ecological studyinthePorto Palermo Bay andsurrounding areas. By LefterKASHTA, PAP/RAC-SOGREAH. “Plan andStudy forIntegrated CoastalManagement”, October 2005. MUDT. “Tourism Strategy 2013-2020. MPWT. “Development Plan oftheSouthern Coast-Strategic Environmental Assessment”, December 2007. MoE, WB, GEF. Biodiversity Enabling Activity. 2007 “Standard Unit forplanningprotected area management inAlbania”,MoE. February 2013. MoE. Environmental Crosscutting Strategy, 2014-2020(draft). MoE. “Approval ofthered listoffloraandwildfauna”, November 2013. Law no.8906, dated06.06.2002.“On protection ofmarineenvironment from pollutionandharms”, asamended. Law no. 8906,dated06.06.2002.“On protected areas”, asamended. Law no. 164,dated31.05.22012.“On fishing”, asamended. Law no. 111/2012.“On integratedmanagementofwaterresources”, asamended. Law no. 10006,dated23.10.2013.“On protection ofwildfauna”, asamended. Law no. 9587,dated20.07.2002.“On protection ofbiodiversity”, asamended. L Kashta, S Beqiraj, A Gace, Xh“On theprotection ofenvironment andoftheMediterranean areaMato. ofMediterranean Sea”, 1976. Barcelona. “Ecologicalof Study ofPorto Palermo Bay andsurrounding areas”, NovemberConvention 2013. CoM. Governmental Program 2013-2017. habitats inAlbania,APAWA, Tirana, byofEnvironment Ministry supported (Technical report), 2005. Kashta L., Beqiraj S., Mato Xh., Xhulaj M., Gaçe A.Mullaj ofhabitats with A. The inventory Kabo Mevlan. “Physical Geography ofAlbania”. Vol. 1-2.Academy ofSciences. Tiranë, 1991. “Strategic Plan forMarine andCoastalProtectedINCA. Areas (SPMCPA)”, March 2013. and Birds Directives. Natura 2000. EU. Guidelines fortheestablishmentofNatura 2000network inthemarineenvironment; applicationoftheHabitats Council ofEurope. TheIUCN Red ListofThreatened Species-2012. European Treaty Series -No. 104:13p. Council ofEurope. ofEuropean Convention ontheConservation Wildlife andNatural Habitats. Bern, 19.IX.1979. flora, O.J.L206,22.07.92. Council ofEurope. Directive 92/43/EECof21Maynaturalhabitatsandwildfauna 1992ontheconservation 1973. ALUIZNI. oftheAlbanianterritory, Orthophoto 2008. CITES. I. RE Convention onInternational Trade inEndangered Species of Wild Fauna andFlora. Washington, D.C.,3March F EREN C E S Posidonia oceanica and littoral 83 VI. REFERENCEs 84 A C © IN © ANNEXE No. 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Aira elegantissima Ailanthus altissima Agave americana Acis ionica Acanthus spinosus NAME OFSPECIES Pistacia terebinthus Parietaria judaica Paliurus spina-christi Origanum vulgare Ophyoglossum lusitanicum Olea europaea Medicago disciformis Malcolmia gaeca Lotus cytisoides Limonium anfractum Heteropogon contartus Glaucium flavum Galium aparine Euphorbia dendroides Ephedra foemina Diplotaxis viminea Desmazeria marina Cynosurus echinatus Crithmum maritimum gryllus Chrysopogon Cheilanthes fragrans Colchicum cupanii Cerinthe major Celtis australis Calicotome villosa Capparis orientalis Brasica cretica Lam. Biscutella didyma Athamanta macedonica ceterachAsplenium aestivus Asphodelus Asparagus acutifolius Arisarum vulgare Aristolochia sempervirens Anogramma leptophyla foetida Anagyris S Bareka, Kamari&Phitos L. L. L. L. var. L. L. subsp. Forssk. L. var. Targ-Tozz. L. L. Crantz (Poiret) Link L. Schur L. Gussone L. (L.) DC. (Mill.) Swingle Brot. L. Veillard (L.) Trin. (L.) Druce L. (L.)Webb &Berth. subsp. sylvestris DC. L. Mill. (Salm.) Salm. L. purpurescens (L.) P. Beau. (L.) Link L. bicolor (L.) Sprengel Annex 1: Species of plants registered inthearea ofPortoAnnex 1:Speciesofplantsregistered Palermo L. L. aegaea (Boiss. &Heldr.) Stork (Heldr. &Hald.) S.Snogerup, M.A.Gust. &Bothmer 85 ANNEXES 86 ANNEXES No. No. No. 54 12 11 10 10 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Valantia muralis Drimia maritima Trifolium angustifolium Spartium junceum Silene vulgaris Salvia fruticosa Ruscus aculeatus Rhamnus alaternus Quercus ithaburensis Punica granatum Prunus webbii Prasium majus Phlomis fruticosa NAME OFSPECIES Dictyopteris polipodioides Cystoseira crinita Cystoseira corniculata Cystoseira compressa Cystoseira barbata Cysoseira amentacea Cladostephus spongiosum Valonia utricularis Ulva laetevirens Ulva intestinalisv. intestinalis Halimeda tuna Flabellia petiolata Codium bursa( Codium effusum Cladophora prolifera Caulerpa racemosa plumosa Bryopsis Anadiomene stellata Acetabularia acetabulum NAME OFSEAWEEDS Prunus webbii Ophioglossum lusitanicum Medicago disciformis Malcolmia graeca Euphorbia dendroides Diplotaxis viminea Brasica cretica Athamantha macedonica Algeria, Sicilia, Crete, Peloponnesus, Cyprus, Turkey, Lebanon,Syria andIsrael (Mahfoud 2010) Aristolochia sempervirens Acis ionicaBareka, NAME OFIMPORTANT SPECIES Lam. subsp. (Moench) Garcke (Spach) Vierh. -E-Steno-Medit. (Spach) Vierh. L. Linnaeus) C.Agardh Mill. (J. Ellis &Solander) J.V.(J. Lamouroux Areschoug L. (Rafinesque) Delle Chiaje L. (Hudson) C.Agardh Duby L. L. subsp. (L.) Stearn (Turra) Nizamuddin (Forsskål) J.Agardh var. (Stackhouse) C.Agardh L. (Roth) C.Agardh (L.) DC. L. Kamari &Phitos -Sub-endemic (Southern Albania,Ionian islandsofGreece) (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin (Wulfen) C.Agardh (C. Agardh) (Roth) Kützing subsp. DC. -Steno-Mediterranean species (Turner) Zanardini - Mediterranean species, tertiary relicts- Mediterranean ofMacaronesian species,tertiary origin L. bicolor (Hudson) C.Agardh L. -Area known fortheprevalence asanautochthonousspecies,including ofAristolochiasempervirens (L.) Sprengel -Balkan endemic. (Linnaeus) P.C.Silva (A. P. De Candolle) J.V. Lamourox Annex 2: List of important speciesinthearea of Porto ofimportant Annex 2:List Palermo. L. -It isclassifiedunderdifficulties byIUCN (2001) macrolepis algaea - Mediterranean species(IUCN-LR). Linnaeus -sub-endemic (Albania,Greece) Bory (Heldr. &Hald.) S.Snogerup, M.A.Gust. &Bothmer Annex 3:SpeciesofPorto Palermo seaweed (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt. var. spicata cylindracea Blue-green algae–Chlorophyta f. verticilatum f.verticilatum Brown Algae–Phaeophyta (Ercegovic) Giaccone (Light foot) Prud’home van Reine No. No. 13 12 11 10 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 Prunus webbii Origanum vulgare Malcolmia graeca Lotus cytisoides Limonium anfractum Euphorbia dendroides Desmazeria marina Colchicum cupanii Capparis orientalis Brasica cretica Athamantha macedonica Aristolochia sempervirens Acis ionicaBareka, Name ofSpecies and Threat Status Chondrophycus papillosus Callithamnion granulatum botryoides Botryocladia Amphiroa rigida Acrosymphyton purpuriferum Stypocaulon scoparium Scytosiphon lomentarius Padina pavonica Halopteris filicina Dictyota linearis Dictyota dichotoma Dictyota dichotoma NAME OFSEAWEEDS Wrangelia penicillata Tenarea tortuosa Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse Pterocladiella capillacea Phyllophora crispa Peyssonelia rubra Peyssonelia squamaria Osmundaria volubilis Neogoniolithon mamillosum Nemalion helminthoides Lithophyllum stictaeforme Lithophyllum trochanter Lithophyllum incrustans Lithophyllum byssoides Liagora distenta Jania rubens Jania rubens Hildenbrandia rubra Grateoloupia filicina Gelidium bipectinatum Corallina elongata (Linnaeus) J. V. Lamouroux (Linnaeus) J. V. Lamouroux Lam. subsp. (Spach)(A1b) Vierh.- VU Annex 4: List ofspeciesasperthe Annex 4:List Bookof “Red Wild FloraandFauna in Albania”. EN (A1b) (Merthens exRoth) J. V. Lamouroux (C. Agardh) Greville (Esper) Me. Lemoine J. V.Lamouroux (Linnaeus) J. V.(Linnaeus) (Greville) J.Agardh (Grateloup) Kützing subsp. (Hudson) P. S.Dixon L. -EN(A1b) J. Ellis &Solander VU (A1b) Gussone EN(A1b) Kamari &Phitos –CR(A1c) (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux var. VU (A1b) (J. V.(J. Lamouroux) C.Agardh (Sommerfeld) Meneghini (C. Agardh) C.Agardh (Salm.) Salm. LR(nt) - LR(cd) (Linnaeus) Norris (S. G.Gmelin)Decaisne (Lamarck) Foslie (Linnaeus) Kützing (Wulfen) Feldmann G. Furnari (S. G.Gmelin)Santelices &Hommersand (Lyngbye) Link bicolor Philippi (Bory) H.Huve(Bory) ex Woelkerling (Velley) Batters L. –EN(A1b) (L.) Sprengel -EN(A1b) (C. Agardh) &J.Harper Garbary (Areschoug) Hauck aegaea (Ducluzeau) C.Agardh (Hauck) Setchell &L.R.Mason (J. Agardh) G.Sjöstedt(J. –EN (A1b)as (Heldr. &Hald.) var. var. corniculata corniculata rubens Malcolmia bicolor var. Red Algae–Rhodophyta: intricata dichotoma S. Snogerup, M.A.Gust. &Bothmer VU (A1b) (Linnaeus) Yendo as Brasica incana 87 ANNEXES 88 ANNEXES No. 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tursiops truncatus Delphinus delphis Ziphius cavirostris Cetacea Caretta caretta Reptilia Carcharodon carcharia Sphyrna zygaena Hippocampus guttulatus Xiphias gladius Rostroraja alba Syngnathus abaster Umbrina cirrosa Sciaena umbra Isurus oxyrinchus Lamna nasus Hippocampus hippocampus Pisces Ophidiaster ophidianus Paracentrotus lividus Echinodermata Palinurus elephas Scyllarides latus Maja squinado Homarus gammarus Crustacea Pinna nobilis Ranella olearia Ranella Mollusca Petrobiona massiliana Spongia officinalis Hippospongia communis Geodia cydonium Spongia Lithophyllum trochanter Lithophyllum byssoides Rhodophyta Cystoseira amentaceavar. spicata Phaeophyta Posidonia oceanica Magnoliophyta SPECIES Annex 5: List of marine species as per the International Conventions speciesaspertheInternational ofmarine Annex 5:List + + + h.IStIIAp1App.2 App.1 Sht.III Sht.II Barcelona Protocol Bonn Convention Bonn Barcelona Protocol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Convention CITES + + + + + + + + Convention Berne + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + No. 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Euthynnus alletteratus Merluccius merluccius Polyprion americanus Epinephelus caninus Diplodus annularis Epinephelus aeneus Diplodus puntazzo Sardina pilchardus Pagellus erythrinus Mullus surmuletus Pagellus bogaraveo Scomber japonicus Diplodus vulgaris Sardinella aurita Serranus cabrilla Serranus hepatus Mullus barbatus Diplodus sargus Xiphias gladius Pagellus acarne Serranus scriba Sparus aurata Pagrus pagrus Sarda sarda Boops boops SPECIES Dentex Annex 6: List of economically important fish species ofeconomicallyimportant Annex 6:List Common two-bandedseabream Sharpsnout seabream Blackspot seabream ENGLISH NAME Common pandora Gilthead seabream European pilchard Dogtooth grouper Annular seabream Axillary seabream Axillary Common dentex Round sardinella White seabream Painted comber Chub mackerel Atlantic bonito Xiphias gladius Brown comber White grouper Euopean hake Little tunny Red mullet Red porgy Wreckfish Surmullet Comber Bogue ALBANIAN NAME Barbuni ishkëmbit Barbuni ibaltës Mormuri iegër Kerr ithëllësisë Kem ibardhë Spalce ekuqe Peshku shtizë Sargu bishtzi Krem ihirtë Kerr igurit Pagri ikuq Kerr fundi Kerr bilbil Sardinele Skumbër Palamiti Merluci Dentali Sardelë Sharan Sargua Sargu Vopa Pagri Koce rup u Tr 89 ANNEXES Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA)

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