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A Study of the Garifuna of Belize's Toledo District Alexander Gough
Indigenous identity in a contested land: A study of the Garifuna of Belize’s Toledo district Alexander Gough This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2018 Lancaster University Law School 1 Declaration This thesis has not been submitted in support of an application for another degree at this or any other university. It is the result of my own work and includes nothing that is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated. Many of the ideas in this thesis were the product of discussion with my supervisors. Alexander Gough, Lancaster University 21st September 2018 2 Abstract The past fifty years has seen a significant shift in the recognition of indigenous peoples within international law. Once conceptualised as the antithesis to European identity, which in turn facilitated colonial ambitions, the recognition of indigenous identity and responding to indigenous peoples’ demands is now a well-established norm within the international legal system. Furthermore, the recognition of this identity can lead to benefits, such as a stake in controlling valuable resources. However, gaining tangible indigenous recognition remains inherently complex. A key reason for this complexity is that gaining successful recognition as being indigenous is highly dependent upon specific regional, national and local circumstances. Belize is an example of a State whose colonial and post-colonial geographies continue to collide, most notably in its southernmost Toledo district. Aside from remaining the subject of a continued territorial claim from the Republic of Guatemala, in recent years Toledo has also been the battleground for the globally renowned indigenous Maya land rights case. -
“I'm Not a Bloody Pop Star!”
Andy Palacio (in white) and the Garifuna Collective onstage in Dangriga, Belize, last November, and with admirers (below) the voice of thPHOTOGRAPHYe p BYe ZACH oSTOVALLple BY DAVE HERNDON Andy Palacio was more than a world-music star. “I’m not a bloody pop star!” He was a cultural hero who insisted Andy Palacio after an outdoor gig in Hopkins, Belize, that revived the hopes of a was so incendiary, a sudden rainstorm only added sizzle. But if it Caribbean people whose was true that Palacio wasn’t a pop star, you couldn’t tell it from the heritage was slipping away. royal treatment he got everywhere he went last November upon 80 CARIBBEANTRAVELMAG.COM APRIL 2008 81 THE EVENTS OF THAT NOVEMBER TOUR WILL HAVE TO GO DOWN AS PALACIO’S LAST LAP, AND FOR ALL WHO WITNESSED ANY PART OF IT, THE STUFF OF HIS LEGEND. Palacio with his role model, the singer and spirit healer Paul Nabor, at Nabor’s home in Punta Gorda (left). The women of Barranco celebrated with their favorite son on the day he was named a UNESCO Artist for Peace (below left and right). for me as an artist, and for the Belizean people which had not been seen before in those parts. There was no as an audience.” The Minister of Tourism Belizean roots music scene or industry besides what they them- thanked Palacio for putting Belize on the map selves had generated over more than a dozen years of collabora- in Europe, UNESCO named him an Artist tion. To make Watina, they started with traditional themes and for Peace, and the Garifuna celebrated him motifs and added songcraft, contemporary production values as their world champion. -
Cyb Template 2012
Belize another hurricane, Hurricane Dean, hit Belize KEY FACTS affecting the livelihoods of up to 2,500 Joined Commonwealth: 1981 families in the northern parts of the country. Population: 332,000 (2013) Environment: The most significant GDP p.c. growth: 2.0% p.a. 1990–2013 environmental issues are deforestation; water UN HDI 2014: World ranking 84 pollution from sewage, industrial effluents and agricultural run-off; and solid waste Official language: English disposal. Time: GMT minus 6 hrs Vegetation: Forest covers 61 per cent of the Currency: Belizean dollar (Bz$) land area and includes rainforest with mahoganies, cayune palms, and many Geography orchids. Higher in the mountains, pine forest Area: 22,965 sq km and cedar predominate. Arable land comprises three per cent of the land area. Coastline: 386 km Wildlife: There is a strong emphasis on Capital: Belmopan conservation. By 1992, 18 national parks and Belize forms part of the Commonwealth reserves had been established, including the Belizeans descend from Mayans, Caribs, and Caribbean, and is located in Central America, world’s only jaguar reserve. Other native the many groups who came as loggers, bordering Mexico to the north and species include ocelots, pumas, baboons, settlers, refugees, slaves and imported labour: Guatemala to the west and south. Of 13 howler monkeys, toucans and many species English, Spanish, Africans and East Indians. Commonwealth member countries in the of parrot. Americas, only Belize, Canada and Guyana lie According to the 2000 census, the on the mainland, three of the most sparsely Main towns: Belmopan (capital, pop. population comprises 49 per cent Mestizos populated countries in the association; all the 18,326 in 2014), Belize City (former capital (Maya-Spanish), 25 per cent Creoles (Afro- others are islands or archipelagos. -
CRC in Court: the Case Law of the Convention on the Rights of the Child Acknowledgment
CRC in Court: The Case Law of the Convention on the Rights of the Child Acknowledgment CRC in Court: The Case Law of the Convention on the Rights of the Child was written by Patrick Geary for the Child Rights International Network (CRIN). CRIN welcomes comments, suggestions and feedback; contact us at: The Child Rights International Network, 2 Pontypool Place, East Studio, London SE1 8QF, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 20 7401 2257. Email: [email protected]; Web: www.crin.org. Published by Child Rights International Network (CRIN) East Studio 2 Pontypool Place London, SE1 8QF United Kingdom +44 20 7401 2257 www.crin.org First published 2012. © Child Rights International Network 2012 The Child Rights International Network is a charity registered in England and Wales (1125925). Registered Company No. 6653398. CRIN encourages personal and educational use of this publication and grants permission for its reproduction in this capacity where proper credit is given in good faith. For resale or commercial distribution in any other manner, prior permission must be obtained in writing. Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................4 Status of the CRC in National Legal Systems..................................................5 Analysis ...........................................................................................................8 Conclusion......................................................................................................28 Recommendations..........................................................................................30 -
3434 Tues Feb 2, 2021 (9-12).Pmd
Tuesday, February 2, 2021 AMANDALABelize Page 1 NO. 3434 BELIZE CITY, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2021 (20 PAGES) $1.00 Narco plane busted with over 2000 pounds of cocaine Nine men has since been arrested and charged. One of the men is the driver for the BDF BDF Commander’s Commander, Brigadier General Steven Ortega. driver arrested for drug plane landing LADYVILLE, Fri. Jan. 29, 2021 One of the lawmen arrested and charged in connection to the drug plane bust which took place early Friday morning was the driver of Brigadier General Steven Ortega. During an interview with the media on Friday, the BDF’s commander BELIZE DISTRICT, Fri. Jan. 29, 2021 Mexican air asset, intercepted a narco confirmed reports of the arrest On Friday morning at around 3:30 plane that departed from South America and shared that he was a.m., the Belize Police Department, with a little before 10:00 p.m. on Thursday distraught by the news. His the help of the Joint Intelligence driver, identified as Lance Operation Center (JIOC) and a Please turn to Page 19 Corporal Steve Rowland was the only BDF soldier arrested Belmopan 16-year-old Please turn toPage 3 community charged with grocer murdered murder of Curfew extended to Kenrick Drysdale 10:00 p.m. for adults BELMOPAN, Fri. Jan. 29, 2021 Late Friday afternoon, 53-year-old DANGRIGA, Stann Creek District, Belmopan resident Abel Baldarez was Thurs. Jan. 28, 2021 BELIZE CITY, Fri. Jan. 29, 2021 however, will remain unchanged, from murdered during a robbery that took On Thursday morning, January 28, The Ministry of Health and Wellness 6:00 p.m. -
Unions Rally at Memorial Park GOB Tables New Proposals to Unions
Tuesday, May 11, 2021 AMANDALABelize Page 1 NO. 3459 BELIZE CITY, TUESDAY, MAY 11, 2021 (16 PAGES) $1.00 Bondholders and GoB, no deal yet BELIZE CITY. Mon. May 10, 2021 Last week, a meeting scheduled between holders of Belize’s Super- GOB tables new bond and the Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance, Chris Coye, was proposals to unions canceled after the Creditor Committee’s representatives BELIZE CITY, Mon. May 10, 2021 indicated that the meeting would be A meeting between the Joint fruitless if Belize refuses to sign on Unions Negotiating Team and the to an IMF support plan. Government of Belize officials ended Please turn toPage 15 Please turn toPage 15 Abusive relationship ends in fatal arson by Dayne Guy St. Matthews Village, Cayo District, Mon, May 10, 2021 A mother and her 3-year-old son were reportedly burned to death in the village of St. Matthews when their home was set on fire. Her ex- common law husband is the prime suspect. According to police reports, this heinous act of arson-turned-murder occurred sometime before 11:00 o’clock on Friday night. The house of 36-year-old Kendra Middleton PM gets the jab was burnt to the ground, while she and her three-year-old child, Aiden Perez, were inside. They both perished. Unions rally at Memorial Park When firefighters arrived at the scene, the blaze had already Please turn toPage 14 Former George Street boss’s son murdered BELIZE CITY, Mon. May 10, 2021 organized resistance to salary cuts in by Dayne Guy On Friday, May 7, the members of the public sector. -
Supreme Court Claim No. 376 of 2005
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BELIZE, A.D. 2005 CLAIM NO. 376 SAID MUSA Claimant BETWEEN AND ANNMARIE WILLIAMS HARRY LAWRENCE REPORTER PRESS LIMITED Defendants __ BEFORE the Honourable Abdulai Conteh, Chief Justice. Mr. Kareem Musa for the claimant. Mr. Dean Barrow S.C. for the defendants. __ JUDGMENT Introduction Given the dramatis personae in this case which, by any account, contains an unusual cast, I had during the hearing constantly to remind myself that this was a trial of a claim in a court of law and not a political trial, whatever this may mean. On the one hand, is arrayed the Prime Minister and leader of one of the political parties (the PUP), who has his son as his attorney. Ranged on the other side is the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the other main political party (the UDP) as the attorney for the defendants of whom the second defendant, Mr. H. 1 Lawrence admitted, albeit, under cross examination, that he was a founding member of the UDP. Mr. Lawrence who struck me as an honest witness now says his newspaper, The Reporter, supports no political party and has no partisan agenda. However, given the persons involved in this case, the political overtones of the case could not be missed. However, I need hardly say that this is a court of law and the issues joined between the parties are to be decided only in accordance with the law and evidence, and nothing more and nothing less. 2. Mr. Said Musa, the claimant in this case, is the Prime Minister of Belize, the Area Representative of the Fort George Division in the House of Representatives, leader of the People’s United Party (PUP), one of the two main political parties in the country, as well as a member of the bar with the rank of a Senior Counsel. -
26Th March 2015, in the National Assembly Chamber, !Belmopan, at 10:18 AM
!1 BELIZE ! No. HR26/1/11 ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES! th Thursday, 26 ! March, 2015 10:18! A.M ------! Pursuant to the Direction of Mr. Speaker on the 15th March 2015, the House met on Thursday, 26th March 2015, in the National Assembly Chamber, !Belmopan, at 10:18 AM. ! ! Members Present: The Hon. Michael Peyrefitte, Speaker The Hon. Dean O. Barrow (Queen’s Square), Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and Economic Development The Hon. Gaspar Vega (Orange Walk North), Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Natural Resources and Agriculture The Hon. Erwin R. Contreras (Cayo West), Minister of Trade, Investment Promotion, Private Sector Development and Consumer Protection The Hon. Patrick J. Faber (Collet), Minister of Education, Youth and Sports The Hon. Manuel Heredia Jr. (Belize Rural South), Minister of Tourism and Culture The Hon. Anthony Martinez (Port Loyola), Minister of Human Development, Social Transformation and Poverty Alleviation The Hon. John Saldivar (Belmopan), Minister of National Security The Hon. Wilfred P. Elrington (Pickstock), Attorney General and Minister of Foreign Affairs The Hon. Rene Montero (Cayo Central), Minister of Works and Transport The Hon. Pablo S. Marin (Corozal Bay), Minister of Health The Hon. Santino Castillo (Caribbean Shores), Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development The Hon. Hugo Patt (Corozal North), Minister of State in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture The Hon. Herman Longsworth (Albert), Minister of State in the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports The Hon. Mark King (Lake Independence), Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Development, Social Transformation and Poverty Alleviation The Hon. -
Case of Maya Indigenous Communities of Belize, Inter-Am
REPORT Nº 96/03 CASE 12.053 MAYA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF THE TOLEDO DISTRICT BELIZE October 24, 2003 I. SUMMARY 1. This report concerns a petition presented to the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights (the "Commission”) against the State of Belize (the "State" or “Belize”) on August 7, 1998 by the Indian Law Resource Center and the Toledo Maya Cultural Council (the “Petitioners”). The petition claims that the State is responsible for violating rights under the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (the “American Declaration”) that the Mopan and Ke’kchi Maya People of the Toledo District of Southern Belize (the “Maya people of the Toledo District” or the “Maya people”) are alleged to have over certain lands and natural resources.1 2. The Petitioners claim that the State has violated Articles I, II, III, VI, XI, XVIII, XX and XXIII of the American Declaration in respect of lands traditionally used and occupied by the Maya people, by granting logging and oil concessions in and otherwise failing to adequately protect those lands, failing to recognize and secure the territorial rights of the Maya people in those lands, and failing to afford the Maya people judicial protection of their rights and interests in the lands due to delays in court proceedings instituted by them. According to the Petitioners, the State’s contraventions have impacted negatively on the natural environment upon which the Maya people depend for subsistence, have jeopardized the Maya people and their culture, and threaten to cause further damage in the future. 3. The State has indicated before the Commission that applicable law and the facts presented by the Petitioners are unclear as to whether the Maya people may have aboriginal rights in the lands under dispute, although at the same time it has recognized in negotiations outside of the Commission proceedings that the Maya people have rights in lands in the Toledo District based upon their longstanding use and occupancy of that territory. -
Budget Debate
BELIZE No. HR19/1/12 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nd Thursday, 22 March 2018 10:24 A.M. ---*--- Pursuant to the Order of the House on the 9th March 2018, the House met on Thursday, 22nd March 2018, in the National Assembly Chamber, Belmopan, at 10:24 A.M. Members Present: The Hon. Laura Tucker-Longsworth, Speaker The Rt. Hon. Dean O. Barrow (Queen’s Square) Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and Natural Resources The Hon. Patrick J. Faber (Collet), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, Culture, Youth and Sports The Hon. Erwin R. Contreras (Cayo West), Minister of Economic Development, Petroleum, Investment, Trade and Commerce The Hon. John Saldivar (Belmopan), Minister of National Security The Hon. Michael Finnegan (Mesopotamia), Minister of Housing and Urban Development The Hon. Anthony Martinez (Port Loyola), Minister of Human Development, Social Transformation and Poverty Alleviation The Hon. Manuel Heredia Jr. (Belize Rural South), Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation The Hon. Rene Montero (Cayo Central), Minister of Works The Hon. Wilfred P. Elrington (Pickstock), Minister of Foreign Affairs The Hon. Pablo S. Marin (Corozal Bay), Minister of Health The Hon. Hugo Patt (Corozal North), Minister of Local Government, Labour, Rural Development, Public Service, Energy and Public Utilities The Hon. Edmond G. Castro (Belize Rural North), Minister of Transport and NEMO The Hon. Dr. Omar Figueroa (Cayo North), Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, the Environment and Sustainable Development and Immigration and Deputy Speaker The Hon. Frank Mena (Dangriga), Minister of State in the Ministry of Public Service, Energy and Public Utilities The Hon. -
Address of the Hon. Chief Justice, Sir Isaac Hyatali, T.C
ADDRESS OF THE HON. CHIEF JUSTICE, SIR ISAAC HYATALI, T.C. AT THE OPENING OF THE LAW TERM IN THE HALL OF JUSTICE, RED HOUSE, PORT- OF -SPAIN ON 3 OCTOBER, 1980 Mr. President of the Bar Association et al. We formally begin today the 19th Law Term of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago. Sittings however of the High Court and the Court of Appeal to dispose of the matters on their respective calendars will not begin until Monday 6 October 1980. FIFTEEN JUDGES For the very first time in its history the High Court then will be manned by 15 judges. Two of them are practising members of the Bar who will be giving up their respective practices for three months certain at no little sacrifice to themselves to serve the Country as Judges. They are Mr. Martin Daly of the Senior Bar and Mr. Trevor Lee of the Junior Bar. MR. JAMES DAVIS Mr. James Davis, a practising member of the Bar, was the first to make such a sacrifice. He joined us in May for three months and at my special request continued for another two months but I regret exceedingly to say that I failed to persuade him to allow me to propose him to the Judicial and Legal Service Commission as an eminently qualified and suitable candidate for permanent judicial office on the High Court Bench. The unattractive salary and conditions of service of a Judge made it impossible for him to give serious consideration to my offer. It is fitting to place on record, and I do so with a sense of gratitude and pleasure that he discharged his judicial duties with ability, dignity and efficiency, and that he did so in response to my appeal to fit and proper and respected members of the Bar to come forward and assist the Supreme Court to discharge its onerous and responsible functions with greater speed and efficiency. -
302232 Travelguide
302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.1> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 5 WELCOME 6 GENERAL VISITOR INFORMATION 8 GETTING TO BELIZE 9 TRAVELING WITHIN BELIZE 10 CALENDAR OF EVENTS 14 CRUISE PASSENGER ADVENTURES Half Day Cultural and Historical Tours Full Day Adventure Tours 16 SUGGESTED OVERNIGHT ADVENTURES Four-Day Itinerary Five-Day Itinerary Six-Day Itinerary Seven-Day Itinerary 25 ISLANDS, BEACHES AND REEF 32 MAYA CITIES AND MYSTIC CAVES 42 PEOPLE AND CULTURE 50 SPECIAL INTERESTS 57 NORTHERN BELIZE 65 NORTH ISLANDS 71 CENTRAL COAST 77 WESTERN BELIZE 87 SOUTHEAST COAST 93 SOUTHERN BELIZE 99 BELIZE REEF 104 HOTEL DIRECTORY 120 TOUR GUIDE DIRECTORY 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.2> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.3> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 The variety of activities is matched by the variety of our people. You will meet Belizeans from many cultural traditions: Mestizo, Creole, Maya and Garifuna. You can sample their varied cuisines and enjoy their music and Belize is one of the few unspoiled places left on Earth, their company. and has something to appeal to everyone. It offers rainforests, ancient Maya cities, tropical islands and the Since we are a small country you will be able to travel longest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. from East to West in just two hours. Or from North to South in only a little over that time. Imagine... your Visit our rainforest to see exotic plants, animals and birds, possible destinations are so accessible that you will get climb to the top of temples where the Maya celebrated the most out of your valuable vacation time.