DOCSLIB.ORG

Datamorphic Testing: a Methodology for Testing AI Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Datamorphic Testing: a Methodology for Testing AI Applications Technical Report OBU-ECM-AFM-2018-02 Datamorphic Testing: A Methodology for Testing AI Applications Hong Zhu(*), Dongmei Liu(+), Ian Bayley(*), Rachel Harrison(*), and Fabio Cuzzolin(*) (*) School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Emails: {hzhu, ibayley, rachel.harrison, fabio.cuzzolin}@brookes.ac.uk (+) School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail: [email protected] 27 December 2018 Version 4.3 1 H. Zhu et al., Datamorphic Testing Technical Report OBU-ECM-AFM-2018-02 Abstract With the rapid growth of the applications of machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, adequate testing has become a necessity to ensure their quality. This paper identifies the characteristics of AI applications that distinguish them from traditional software, and analyses the main difficulties in applying existing testing methods. Based on this analysis, we propose a new method called datamorphic testing and illustrate the method with an example of testing face recognition applications. We also report an experiment with four real industrial application systems of face recognition to validate the proposed approach. Version 4.3 i H. Zhu et al., Datamorphic Testing Technical Report OBU-ECM-AFM-2018-02 Table of Contents I. Motivation ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Challenges ............................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Distinctive Features of AI Applications .................................................................................................................... 1 B. Applicability of Existing Software Testing Methods ................................................................................................ 3 III. Basic Concepts of Datamorphic Testing ..................................................................................................... 4 A. Datamorphism ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 B. Metamorphism ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 C. Seed Test Cases .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 IV. Testing Process and Strategies .................................................................................................................... 6 A. Process of Datamorphic Testing ................................................................................................................................ 6 B. Datamorphic Testing Strategies ................................................................................................................................. 7 V. Experiment .................................................................................................................................................... 8 A. Goal of the experiment .............................................................................................................................................. 8 B. Design of the experiment ........................................................................................................................................... 8 C. Execution of The Experiment .................................................................................................................................... 9 D. Analysis of The Results ............................................................................................................................................. 9 VI. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 10 A. Related work ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 B. Further work ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................................................. 12 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Appendix A. Results of Testing on Mutant Test Cases with Datamorphisms ................................................... 13 1. Results of Testing Tencent Face Recognition with Datamorphisms ....................................................................... 13 2. Results of Testing Baidu Face Recognition with Datamorphisms ........................................................................... 16 3. Results of Testing Face++ with Datamorphisms ..................................................................................................... 19 4. Results of Testing SeetaFace with Datamorphisms ................................................................................................. 22 Appendix B. Results of Testing on Real Images ............................................................................................... 25 1. Results of Testing Tencent Face Recognition on Real Images ................................................................................ 25 2. Results of Testing Baidu Face Recognition on Real Images ................................................................................... 28 3. Results of Testing Face++ on Real Images .............................................................................................................. 30 4. Results of Testing SeetaFace on Real Images .......................................................................................................... 33 Appendix C. Summary and Comparisons of Test Results ................................................................................. 36 1. Summary of The Results of Testing on Mutant Test Cases ..................................................................................... 36 2. Comparison of Test Results between Using and Without Datamorphisms ............................................................. 36 Version 4.3 ii H. Zhu et al., Datamorphic Testing Technical Report OBU-ECM-AFM-2018-02 Datamorphic Testing: A Methodology for Testing AI Applications Hong Zhu(*), Dongmei Liu(+), Ian Bayley(*), Rachel Harrison(*), and Fabio Cuzzolin(*) (*) School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Emails: {hzhu, ibayley, rachel.harrison, fabio.cuzzolin}@brookes.ac.uk (+) School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract. With the rapid growth of the applications of development, which is widely used in industry [5]. machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence However, the current practice of testing AI (AI) techniques, adequate testing has become a necessity applications lags far behind the maturity of testing to ensure their quality. This paper identifies the traditional software applications. Testing has become a characteristics of AI applications that distinguish them grave challenge because the distinctive features of AI from traditional software, and analyses the main applications disqualify existing software testing methods, difficulties in applying existing testing methods. Based on techniques and tools. this analysis, we propose a new method called This paper examines the difficulties when testing AI datamorphic testing and illustrate the method with an applications using existing software testing methods and example of testing face recognition applications. We also techniques, and proposes a novel approach called report an experiment with four real industrial application datamorphic testing. systems of face recognition to validate the proposed The paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses approach. the challenges of AI applications currently confronting software test engineers. Section III introduces the basic I. MOTIVATION concepts of datamorphic testing method. Section IV We have seen a rapid growth in the application of machine discusses the process of datamorphic testing and various learning (ML), data mining and other artificial intelligence testing strategies of datamorphic testing. Section V reports (AI) techniques to software systems in recent years [1]. an experiment with four real industry ML applications of Typical examples of such applications include driverless face recognition. Section VI concludes the paper with a vehicles, face recognition and fingerprint recognition in discussion of related work and future work. security control, workload pattern learning in computer cluster operation, personalization of social media II. THE CHALLENGES networking for business intelligence, situation recognition In this section, we first identify the distinctive features of and action rule learning in healthcare, smart homes and AI and ML applications.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Film Festival-Nominated the Adventures of Sebastian Cole
    ‘LOVE AT FIRST GLANCE’ Cast Bios ADRIAN GRENIER (James Fielding) - Grenier is best-known for his starring role as Vincent Chase on “Entourage,” one of HBO’s most popular half-hour series in the network’s history, and the much anticipated Warner Bros. film version of Entourage that was released in 2015. Grenier recently completed production on two films: the political thriller Public Affairs, alongside Thora Birch and Mimi Rogers, and Southern Fury co-starring Jonathon Schaech, John Cusack and Nicolas Cage. Both films are scheduled for release in 2017. Most recently, Grenier was seen in the thriller Marauders alongside Bruce Willis and Christopher Meloni, which premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. Along with memorable roles opposite Meryl Streep and Anne Hathaway in The Devil Wears Prada and in the romantic comedy Drive Me Crazy, his other credits include the Woody Allen films Celebrity, and Anything Else, the new indie film Goodbye World, the John Waters comedy Cecil B. Demented and the Sundance Film Festival-nominated The Adventures of Sebastian Cole. Founder of Reckless Productions, Grenier has also brought his keen eye and love of storytelling to the production of documentaries: as producer/director of Shot in the Dark (2002), writer/ producer/director of the critically acclaimed Teenage Paparazzo (2010), producer of Don’t Quit Your Daydream (2010) and executive producer of How to Make Money Selling Drugs (2012), in addition to a variety of short films. Grenier is currently in pre-production on the documentary 52, which will chronicle the search for the loneliest whale in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library
    You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................3 CHAIRMAN’S REPORT ........................................................................5 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT ...................................................7 “Production Totals and Percentage Increases: 2008 vs. 2009” Chart ..........................................................................9 “Production Totals, 1978-2009” Chart .............................................11 “Number of Film and Video Projects Using New Jersey Locations, 1978-2009” Graph ............................13 ECONOMIC IMPACT ...........................................................................21 “Economic Impact Statistics, 1978-2009” Chart .............................25 “Millions of Dollars Contributed to New Jersey Economy by Filmmaking Activity, 1978- 2009” Graph ...................................27 PRODUCTION SERVICES ..................................................................29 INTERNSHIP PROGRAM ....................................................................31 PRODUCTION LIST ............................................................................33 Features ............................................................................................35 Telefilms/Mini-Series .......................................................................43
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusive: A&F's New Ruehl
    SOUNDS OF STYLE, A SPECIAL REPORT/SECTION II WWDWomen’s Wear Daily • TheTHURSDAY Retailers’ Daily Newspaper • September 2, 2004 • $2.00 Sportswear A knit display in A&F’s latest format, Ruehl. Exclusive: A&F’s New Ruehl By David Moin informally more like a big man on campus than the NEW ALBANY, OHIO — The chairman wears jeans and flip- company chieftain, the approach to brand-building is flops to work and his 650 associates follow suit at the anything but casual. The intensity is as evident as sprawling, campus-style Abercrombie & Fitch ever with A&F’s latest retail brand and its Teutonic- headquarters here. sounding name, Ruehl. That’s just the veneer, though, because for Michael And Ruehl is just the first of three new retail Jeffries and the youthful army of workers he greets See New, Page 4 PHOTO BY DAVID TURNER DAVID PHOTO BY 2 WWD, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2004 WWW.WWD.COM WWDTHURSDAY Hilton Launches Jewelry With Amazon Sportswear By Marc Karimzadeh GENERAL Paris Hilton in A&F ceo Michael Jeffries lays out the strategy for Ruehl, the firm’s latest chain “It’s just being a girl; every girl NEW YORK — her multicross aimed at post-college shoppers, set to open Saturday in Tampa, Fla. loves jewelry.” necklace. 1 It’s as simple as that for Paris Hilton, who on U.S. textile groups fired up the pressure on the Bush administration, saying Wednesday launched the Paris Hilton Collection of 2 they will file dozens of petitions to reimpose quotas on Chinese imports. jewelry in an exclusive agreement with Amazon.com.
    [Show full text]
  • ICE PRINCESS Nikki’S Coach
    THIS MATERIAL IS ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE AT http://www.bvpublicity.com Copyright © 2005 DISNEY ENTERPRISES, INC. iceprincessmovie.com Nikki . .KIRSTEN OLSON Zoey Bloch . .JULIANA CANNAROZZO Tiffany . .JOCELYN LAI CREDITS WALT DISNEY PICTURES Herself . .MICHELLE KWAN presents Himself . .BRIAN BOITANO Mr. Bast . .STEVE ROSS Tiffany’s Dad . .PAUL SUN-HYUNG LEE Tiffany’s Coach . .ROY BRADSHAW ICE PRINCESS Nikki’s Coach . .MARK HIRD Brian . .BEN GILBANK Hot Dog Kid . .THANH NGUYEN Directed by . TIM FYWELL Rink Kids . .COLE CAMPBELL Screenplay by . HADLEY DAVIS BRANDON LAJKO Story by . MEG CABOT JESSE PRIMOSIG and HADLEY DAVIS Lily . .COLLEEN COLLINS Produced by . BRIDGET JOHNSON Devon . .ANDREA TOU Executive Producer . WILLIAM W. WILSON III Jeremy . .JORDAN HOCKLEY Director of Jeremy’s Mom . .CHARMAINE HAMP Photography . DAVID HENNINGS Snowplow Sams . .LAURA ALOISIO Production Designer . LESTER COHEN AMANDA LEELA Edited by . JANICE HAMPTON, A.C.E. EMMA NIELSEN Costume Designer . MICHAEL DENNISON MELISSA SHEARS Music by . CHRISTOPHE BECK KACI BRANDT Music Supervisor. LISA BROWN EDREA KHONG Choreography by . ANNE FLETCHER ALEXANDRA NAJARRO Casting by . RANDI HILLER, C.S.A. Harvard Physics SARAH HALLEY FINN, C.S.A. Student . .CHANTAL DESFORGE Skating Consultant/ Kyle Dayton . .DIEGO KLATTENHOFF Assistant Choreographer. JAMIE ISLEY Zipline Guy . .JOEY RACKI Mean Party Girls . .COURTNEY HAWKRIGG Unit Production Manager . JAMES POWERS MANDY BUTCHER First Assistant Director . RICHARD COWAN MARTHA MACISAAC Second DJ . .SEAN PERSAUD Assistant Director . GRANT LUCIBELLO Ballet Teacher . .STEPHANIE HUTCHISON Piano Teacher . .FLO UMPHREY Additional Casting Zoey’s Coach . .DEBBI WILKES by . ROSS CLYDESDALE & ASSOCIATES Skate Saleswoman . .JENNIFER GELFER Chip Healey . .ERIK KING Associate Producers . RICHARD COWAN Chantal Degroat . .SHANIQUE OLLIVIERRE-LAKE DAVID BLACKMAN Near-Miss Skater .
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer Amanda H
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of New Mexico University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Special Education ETDs Education ETDs 7-12-2014 The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer Amanda H. Heggen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/educ_spcd_etds Recommended Citation Heggen, Amanda H.. "The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ educ_spcd_etds/16 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Education ETDs at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Education ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer i Amanda H. Heggen Candidate Special Education Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Julia Scherba de Valenzuela , Chairperson Dr. Susan Copeland Dr. James Stone Dr. David Witherington The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer ii THE ROLE OF DISABILITY IN BUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER by AMANDA H. HEGGEN B.A. Psychology, Goshen College, 2001 M.A. Special Education, Univeristy of New Mexico, 2006 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Special Education The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2014 The Role of Disability in Buffy the Vampire Slayer iii Acknowledgements The list of people who have contributed to this dissertation in many forms, from much-needed pep talks to intensely brilliant advice on how to present my findings, is epic.
    [Show full text]
  • Movie Data Analysis.Pdf
    FinalProject 25/08/2018, 930 PM COGS108 Final Project Group Members: Yanyi Wang Ziwen Zeng Lingfei Lu Yuhan Wang Yuqing Deng Introduction and Background Movie revenue is one of the most important measure of good and bad movies. Revenue is also the most important and intuitionistic feedback to producers, directors and actors. Therefore it is worth for us to put effort on analyzing what factors correlate to revenue, so that producers, directors and actors know how to get higher revenue on next movie by focusing on most correlated factors. Our project focuses on anaylzing all kinds of factors that correlated to revenue, for example, genres, elements in the movie, popularity, release month, runtime, vote average, vote count on website and cast etc. After analysis, we can clearly know what are the crucial factors to a movie's revenue and our analysis can be used as a guide for people shooting movies who want to earn higher renveue for their next movie. They can focus on those most correlated factors, for example, shooting specific genre and hire some actors who have higher average revenue. Reasrch Question: Various factors blend together to create a high revenue for movie, but what are the most important aspect contribute to higher revenue? What aspects should people put more effort on and what factors should people focus on when they try to higher the revenue of a movie? http://localhost:8888/nbconvert/html/Desktop/MyProjects/Pr_085/FinalProject.ipynb?download=false Page 1 of 62 FinalProject 25/08/2018, 930 PM Hypothesis: We predict that the following factors contribute the most to movie revenue.
    [Show full text]
  • Hdnet Movies June 2012 Program Highlights
    June 2012 Programming Highlights *All times listed are Eastern Standard Time *Please check the complete Program Schedule or www.hdnetmovies.com for additional films, dates and times HDNet Movies Sneak Previews – Experience exclusive broadcasts of new films before they hit theaters and DVD Bel Ami Premieres Wednesday, June 6th at 8:45pm followed by encore presentations at 10:30pm and 12:15am Starring Robert Pattinson, Christina Ricci, Uma Thurman, Kristin Scott Thomas Directed by Declan Donnellan A young man rises to Parisian power through his manipulation of the city's wealthiest women. Take This Waltz Premieres Wednesday, June 27th at 8:30pm followed by encore presentations at 10:30pm and 12:30am Starring Michelle Williams, Seth Rogan, Sarah Silverman, Luke Kirby Directed by Sarah Polley The artist living across the street proves too great a temptation for a happily married woman. Program Specials Catch a Wave on the first day of summer with HDNet Movies’ special presentation of the digitally re-mastered and restored version of legendary filmmaker Bruce Brown’s iconic surf film, The Endless Summer followed by the sequel The Endless Summer 2 The Endless Summer – premieres Wednesday, June 20th at 7:00pm Featuring surfers Mike Hynson and Robert August. Directed and Narrated by Bruce Brown The Endless Summer 2 – Wednesday, June 20th at 8:45pm Featuring surfers Robert “Wingnut” Weaver, Patrick O’Connell and Robert August. Directed and Narrated by Bruce Brown Spend an evening in Gotham City as HDNet Movies presents a triple feature dedicated to the mysterious Dark Knight Batman – Monday, June 11th at 7:00pm Starring Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson, Kim Basinger.
    [Show full text]
  • Disney Movie Trivia Questions and Answers From: Conversationstartersworld.Com/Disney-Movie-Trivia
    Disney Movie Trivia Questions and Answers From: conversationstartersworld.com/disney-movie-trivia 1. What are the names of the three good fairies from Sleeping Beauty? Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather The three fairies give Aurora the gift of beauty, the gift of song, and the last gift is to weaken Maleficent’s curse so that Aurora falls into a deep sleep instead of dying. Verna Felton, who is the voice of Flora, is also the voice of the fairy godmother in Cinderella. 2. Who is the only Disney villain to never actually appear onscreen in their respective Disney film? “Man” from Bambi He was voted #20 on the American Film Institute’s list of the of the 100 greatest villains (#1 is Hannibal Lecter). Man was represented in the film by a 3-note motif, which later inspired the 2-note shark theme for Jaws. “Man is in the forest” was a code phrase used by Disney’s employees when Walt Disney was coming down the hallway. 3. What are the names of the two eels who are Ursula’s sidekicks? Flotsam and Jetsam Ah Disney, look at you being educational! Flotsam is floating wreckage of a ship or its cargo (not deliberately thrown overboard). Jetsam is unwanted materials or goods that have been thrown overboard and washed ashore (deliberately thrown overboard to help lighten a ship). The two moray eels each have one yellow eye on opposite sides from each other. They are one of the few Disney villain henchmen who are not portrayed comically or as being inefficient. 4.
    [Show full text]
  • (Center Stage, Crossroads, Drumline, Star Trek, Avatar) Justin Long (The
    KRISTIN BARBER Kristin has been involved in the business for the last 26 years. She began her career as an actress studying at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts and then at ACTeen at The Weist-Barron School. She attended Montclair State University receiving a BA in Communication Studies and a Master of Arts in Teaching. While attending Montclair State, Kristin began working at Cunningham, Escott, Slevin, and Doherty where she became an agent in the Young Talent Division and then at Innovative Artists where she ran the Young Talent Division in NY. Some of Kristin’s past clients include: Frankie Muniz (Malcolm in the Middle, Agent Cody Banks), Zoe Saldana (Center Stage, Crossroads, Drumline, Star Trek, Avatar) Justin Long (The Mac Guy, Ed, Jeepers Creepers, Dodgeball, Live Free or Die Hard), Mischa Barton (The Sixth Sense, The OC), Eddie Kaye Thomas ( American Pie Movies), Keith Knobs (Phone Booth, Bronx Bombers) Emmy Rossum (The Day After Tomorrow, Mystic River, Shameless), Michelle Trachtenberg (Harriet the Spy, Gossip Girl, 17 Again, Six Feet Under, Buffy The Vampire Slayer), Julia Stiles (O, 10 Things I Hate About You Save The Last Dance, Dexter, Borne Trilogy,), Ellen Pompeo (Old School, Catch Me If You Can, Grey’s Anatomy), Hayden Panetierre (Remember the Titans, Heroes), Ian Somerhalder (Young Americans, LOST, Vampire Diaries), Jenna Lamia (Oz, The Fighter), Andrea Bowen (Desperate Housewives), Lindsay Lohan (The Parent Trap, Freaky Friday, Herbie Fully Loaded, Mean Girls), Christy Carlson Romano (Kim Possible, Even Stevens), Mark Webber (Snow Day, Hollywood Ending, The Laramie Project, Drive Me Crazy),Paul Dano (L.I.E., The Emperor’s Club, The Girl Next Door, There Will Be Blood, Little Miss Sunshine), Jerry O’Connell (Stand By Me, Jerry McGuire, The Defenders), Eden Riegel (The Young & The Restless), Lacey Chabert (Party of Five, Mean Girls), Noah Segan (Looper, Brick), and Merrit Wever (Signs, Into The Wild, Nurse Jackie)….
    [Show full text]
  • “The Spongebob Squarepants Movie”
    “THE SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS MOVIE” Production Information Ah, the simple, quiet life of Bikini Bottom, where home is a pineapple and a Krabby Patty is always served hot and fresh just around the corner at the Krusty Krab...... But starting on November 19th, the world is going to see just how wild things can get in the underwater paradise that SpongeBob SquarePants calls home. When he and his dimwitted best friend Patrick set out on an epic quest, SpongeBob finds himself driving a sandwich on a road trip where he’ll discover new worlds, dangerous monsters, and that being a kid isn’t such a bad thing after all. Sporting a fleet of famous voice talent that includes Alec Baldwin as Dennis the hit man, Scarlett Johansson as Mindy the mermaid and Jeffrey Tambor as King Neptune, not to mention a surprise appearance by David Hasselhoff as none other than himself, “The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie” is a cleverly drawn expansion of what has become the most watched kids’ show in television history. Co-written/storyboarded by SpongeBob creator Stephen Hillenburg, and featuring the original voice talent from the beloved series, this full-length animated feature is destined to float into the collective consciousness of moviegoers of all ages. Paramount Pictures presents a Nickelodeon Movies Production in association with United Plankton Pictures, “The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.” Produced and directed by Stephen Hillenburg, written and storyboarded by Derek Drymon & Tim Hill & Stephen Hillenburg & Kent Osborne & Aaron Springer & Paul Tibbitt, the full-length animated feature is based on a story and the series created by Stephen Hillenburg.
    [Show full text]
  • A 040909 Breeze Thursday
    noW thREE dAYs A WEEK Post CommEnts At CAPE-CoRAL-dAiLY-bREEzE.Com Tournament CAPE CORAL showdown Cape teams vie for county Senior Little League Softball crown BREEZE — SPORTS EARLY-WEEK Edition WEATHER: Partly Cloudy • Tonight: Partly Cloudy • Wednesday: Chance of Rain — 2A cape-coral-daily-breeze.com Vol. 49, No. 53 Tuesday, May 4, 2010 50 cents Staff to whittle down city manager candidate list Council turns to city attorney in pursuit of MWH documents “If we see someone “I’m not com- By DREW WINCHESTER they wanted flexibility when administration, business adminis- who’s a good fortable put- [email protected] pooling the potential city man- tration, economics or a related candidate ... ting a new Cape Coral City Council will agers, allowing them to look out- field. we should city manager lean on the experience of its side of the pre-ordained qualifica- “I don’t believe we should have the in place Human Resources Department in tions requested in the city manag- have our hands tied. We should choice to before we go choosing not more than 12 final- er job listing. be able to use judgement,” Mayor push those on hiatus ...” ists for the city manager position That could mean that someone John Sullivan said. “If we see people for- before choosing eight finalists of without a minimum of 10 years someone who’s a good candidate, ward.” — Councilman its own. experience in government or whether they’re eligible or ineli- — Mayor John Council members said during business management, or without Kevin McGrail Sullivan Monday’s special meeting that a master’s degree in public See MANAGER, page 3A Cape council Dressed discusses employee for the occasion benefits shortfall Anthony Meady, Board will likely go on summer hiatus 2, of Cape Coral, proudly wears By DREW WINCHESTER Finance Director Linda Senne.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Take the Vaccine'
    Established October 1895 ILO Director-General: 2021 a year for action PAGE 4 Friday February 12, 2021 $2 VAT Inclusive School closure a concern A REGIONAL Gender Advisor at UNICEF’s Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Regional Office has warned of the impacts of school closure on students during the coronavirus pandemic. Shelly Abdool- Zerezeghi pointed to teen pregnancy; adolescent girls increasingly drawn into caregiving, limiting their time for their own education and free time; decreased (if any) access to school feeding programmes, menstrual and sexual health information, as well as school protection systems. In addition, she emphasised that the longer marginalised children are out of school, the less likely they are to return. “This prompts such questions – who are the most marginalised girls and boys in the Governor General, Dame Sandra Mason (right), received her first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine yesterday. Public health offi- Caribbean? Will they cials from the Maurice Byer Polyclinic were on hand to brief the Governor General and to administer the vaccine. return to school – whether in-person or online? And if they are not returning to school, how do we still reach them through out-of- school programmes,” ‘TAKE THE VACCINE’ she said in her contribution to GOVERNOR General, vaccines were coming,I Wednesday’s launching Dame Sandra Mason, Governor General gets first jab publicly informed the authorities of Comprehensive received the first that I wanted to be, if not Sexuality Education dose of the Oxford- personal protection and to their physicians if they which I hope is to take the first in line, the third or Activities in the AstraZeneca vaccine for your future well- had any questions about vaccine,” she continued.
    [Show full text]