1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5139 H. R. 7851. A bill for the relief of Yuriko LEAVE OF ABSENCE of an nonessential governmental expendi Akimoto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tures, and the adoption of the Hoover recom On request of Mr. BRIDGES, and by mendations for Federal economy; and unanimous consent, Mr. AIKEN was ex "Whereas in an open letter to Congress, the PETITIONS, ETC. cused from attendance on the sessions Chamber of Commerce of the United States Under clause 1 of rule XXII, of the Senate on Wednesday, Thursday, recently submitted definite and concrete and Friday of this week, and Monday recommendations for reduction of the Fed 730. Mr. TAYLOR presented a petition of of next week. eral budget to the extent of $14,400,000,000; residents of Champlain and Mooers, Clin these recommendations showing how and ton County, N. Y., for favorable considera where, and to what extent savings should tion of H. R. 2188, which was referred to be made in expenses for operating various the Committee on Interstate and Foreign COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING Government departments and functions: Commerce. SENATE SESSION Now, therefore, be it On request of Mr. O'CoNOR, and by "Resolved, That the board of directors of unanimous consent, the Subcommittee the Baltimore Association of Credit Men strongly endorses the recommendations of SENATE on Privileges and Elections of the Com the Chamber of Commerce of the United mittee on Ruies and Administration was States for a reduction of $14,400,000,000 in WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1952 authorized to sit today during the ses the Federal budget for the year 1953; and sion of the Senate. be it further New York, and there ts also pend1ng in the leaves shal: be for the shelter of the help BUSINESS Congress legislation which would grant to less and for the healing of the nations." Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I private enterprise the right to <1evelop and Amen. transmit the electric energy to be produced; ask unanimous consent that Senators be and permitted to transact routine bu&iness. "Whereas the Baltimore Association of THE JOURNAL without debate. Credit Men is now on record, through action On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and by The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob taken by its board of directors, as opposed jection, it is so ordered. to any legislation or the appropriation of unanimous consent, the reading of the any funds for unnecessary socialistic ex Journal of the proceedings of Tuesda-· periments, the direct or indirect use of May 13, 1952, was dispensed with. RESOLUTIONS OF BALTIMORE United Nations has great possibilities, and also disavowed some of the conces feel a sense of frustration. but it was never designed to provide insur sions which are reported to have been These facts suggest that it may be worth ance against major tension between the great made. What happened was sufficient while to give more thought to fundamentals, powers. The regional pacts we have made to enable Russian propaganda directors and particularly to the present shaping of are piecemeal efforts which are useful but to start to work. The Communists are our nat ional character. This dinner of the which, standing alone, are totally inadequate. sounding off on this matter on the air National Conference of Christians and Jews Nothing which we have done tackles the waves all over the world. This is the is a particularly appropriate occasion; for the No. 1 problem, which is that of checking fundamentals of human relations are your further soviet aggression everywhere with type of incident which is made to order special concern. Let us, then, think tonight out such vast unproductive military expend for Communist propaganda, and it has about our Nation's creative purpose, our will itures as would destroy the very values we played into the Communists' hands. ingness to sacrifice, and our understanding are trying to protect. I wish to condemn the actions of Dodd of others. Our most intensive effort is being made in and Colson, in the first place, and then Creative purpose has always been an out Western Europe. If that area should become to compliment whoever has removed standing characteristic of our Nation. Our united and strong, that would be an historic them and has disavowed their proposals, founders felt, as put in the first paragraph achievement having large consequences. at least in part, and to say that I think of the Federalist Papers, that it seemed to But the frontier line it would secure across have been reserved to the people of this the European Continent is approximately it would be very appropriate for the country, by their conduct .and example, to 500 miles in length whereas the entire fron Preparedness Subcommittee of the Com show mankind how to establish good govern tier of freedom is 20,000 miles, extending mittee on Armed Services, headed by the ment. We have been constantly seeking to from the North Cape in Europe to near distinguished Senator from Texas [Mr. develop and spread better political institu Alaska in Asia. What about the virtually JOHNSON] of which I happen to be a tions, better economic processes, and ways to undefended 19,000 miles of frontier on the member, to look into the matter, and a richer intellectual and spiritual life. Be free side of which are some 700,000,000 people I hope the subcommittee will do so. cause our creative purposes won widespread and vast economic resources? Our destiny recognition, we gained a large measure of is inextricably linked with these still-free security and opportunity in the world. areas. If Soviet communism, already dom FOREIGN POLICY NEEDS-ADDRESS That national characteristic emerged after inant in one-third of the world, were to the last world war. We were the principal overrun, consolidate, and exploit this other BY JOHN FOSTER DULLES architects and supporters of the United Na one-third, the balance of world power would tions. Within the framework of the United so shift that our own position would be Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres Nations Charter we promoted various re desperate. ident, on the evening of May 12 Hon. gional associations-first the Rio Pact be Obviously, the 20,000-mile frontier of free John Foster Dulles made a very impor tween the American nations of this hem dom cannot be defended by methods which tant public-policy address at the annual isphere, then the North Atlantic Treaty be may be available to the Western European award dinner of the National Confer tween the Atlantic-Mediterranean powers, peoples. The Asian countries have neither ence of Christians and Jews. The ad and then a ·series of Pacific Ocean Security the military tradition, the industrial capac dress has appealed to me as being of Treaties with Australia, New Zealand, the ity, nor the financial resources for such such importance, and so relevant to the Philippines, and Japan. defense. The total cost · of completing the Within the North Atlantic Treaty Organ program for Western Europe must be calcu present international situation, that I ization there is arising a Western European lated in terms of hundreds of billions of ask unanimous consent that it be printed Army, which will be under a single political dollars, and to multiply that 25 times would in the body of the RECORD. command so that the national forces cannot be a bankrupting process which would ex I also ask unanimous consent that an fight each other but will be a unit for the pose all the participating governments to editorial entitled "Mr. Dulles Speaks," common defense. This project, of immense internal revolt. published in the New York Times this significance, faces difilculties such as are The United States is, of course, planning morning, May 14, be printed in the body always encountered when an effort is made to expand largely its own Military Estab to do more than record pious hopes. No lishment. But we must bear in mind that of the RECORD following Mr. Dulles' ad doubt it will have to be an evolutionary our growing stockpile of atomic weapons, dress. process. But a beginning has been made, subject to our unpredictable use or abuse, There being no objection, tlie address largely due to the powerful support which is not everywhere reassuring and, indeed, in and editorial were ordered to be printed General Eisenhower has given to the basic some respects it helps Soviet communism in the RECORD, as fallows: idea. He has had the wisdom to see that in its political warfare. The hard truth is, ADDRESS BY JOHN FOSTER DULLES Europe will always be a weak, divided, and as my recent visits in both the East and defenseless community unless it adopts in West have made clear to me, that Ill'any of FOREIGN POLICY NEEDS some measure our federal principle which the peoples of the world have less fear of Foreign policy is nothing mysterious and brings under common control and direction the Red Army than fear that the United remote. It is simply the way in which na matters which are of common concern to States may rashly precipitate atomic war tions get along with each other. Just as all-notably, at this time, defense against fare, against which their population centers every individual has problems of human rela possible Soviet aggression. are utterly defenseless. It has seemed im tions, so every nation has problems of inter In Japan, General MacArthur, as Supreme possible for the administration wholly to national relations. Nations, like individuals, Commander for the Allied Powers, adopted prevent persons in our Military Establish want relations with others which will pro wise and humane occupation policies which ment from giving utterance to warlike views, mote their safety and increase their oppor have started the Japanese on a new way of which we at home believe are utterly irre- tunity to pursue happiness. That is the life. That alone made it possible to make . sponsible but which lead other people to goal of foreign policy. Whether or not it is a peace of reconciliation between Japan and believe that we are "trigger happy" so far achieved depends largely upon the character 48 free-world allies, and to start a Pacific as the use of atomic weapons is concerned. of the nation. security system in which Japan would play The real problem which confronts the free Individuals are apt to be secure and happy a responsible role. The May Day rioting by people can, I think, be briefly analyzed as 1f they have a creative purpose in life, if a few Communists, largely of North Korean follows: they are willing to sacrifice present enjoy origin, in no way proves that that trust and 1. We must invent ways to defend the ment for future security, and if they have a confidence in Jaf)an are misplaced. entire frontier of freedom, because small 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5147 parts of the free world are not themselves I was in the Senate, we were told that 1952 deed, fellowship and understanding are often defensible if the rest should fall. would be the critical year and that, if we far more desired and needed than are ma But- got by that, then the peak of danger would terial things. We have given greatly some 2. we cannot create 20,000 miles of static be past. Now we are told that 1954 is the times in excess of our ability to use money defense in depth, able to hold back the Red critical year toward which we must shape wisely and competently. Some of our people Armies at every particular point which they our planning and our military spending, but think that the recipients should bow down might choose to attack. that if we get by that, then the peak of in gratitude before our material munificence, Therefore- danger will be past. The fact is that nations, like individuals, 3. the only deterrent that will, at bearable The fact of the matter is that when you when they are in trouble, need most of all cost, protect the entire frontier of freedom deal with Soviet communism you cannot tell understanding and compassionate fellow is the organization of striking power to hit in advance which will be the critical year. ship, and this often means more to them any aggressor-where it hurts-if he should Their leaders have dedicated· an entire his than material things. commit himself to open armed aggression torical era. to achieve our undoing. I can We all of us know that the inevitable pains anywhere: see no more reason to assume that they plan and disappointments of life are made toler And- to make an open attack in 1954 than in able by loving care, and that the joys of life 4. this deterrent power, if it is to achieve any other year, past or future. · are intensified by sympathetic sharing. We its maximum possibilities to prevent war For 6 years, now, they have had over sometimes forget that what is true in detail and to reassure the free peoples, needs to be whelming military superiority .as regards the is also true in mass. In the family of na openly organized and clearly defined as in entire Eurasian continent from the Pacific tions the needs and values are "the same. the interest of public security. to the Atlantic. For reasons of their own, I have just come from France where we Until we solve this problem, all etse that they have not openly used that superiority, talked of the cruel burden which France we attempt will be blighted and involve a except by way of terrorism. I doubt that the 1s carrying in Indochina. France ts being progression of hopes and disappointments reason is to gi"v-e their opponents time to bled, not only materially but in the sacri which in the end will leave us spirituany organize to meet them on equal terms. fice of the flower of her youth, to _prevent and materially drained. The American peo The fact is that the American people, hav that critical area from being submerged by ple have a right to demand that our Nation ing regard to the perils and responsibilities Communist aggression. It is tragic that face up to this unfinished business. It can which are inherent in the future, ought to there is so little sympathetic understanding be finished, through the kind of creative be willing to make the sacrifices year in and in the United States of what France there political genius which has been, and I am year out that are required to maintain us in 1s doing. We are, at last, giving some mate confident still is, characteristic of our people. a responsible military posture, on the land, rial aid, but what the French people are The second quality of which I would speak the sea, and in the air. This should be done most conscious of is carping criticism on the is the willingness to make present sacrifices on a steady basis, on terms that we can part of Americans who think that France is for future good. Individuals can be divided finance without budgetary imbalance, con shirking her responsibilities, although France roughly into two groups, those who c'annot fiscation or inflation which, in effect, eats is relatively sacrificing more for the common resist the temptation to spend all their in up our patrimony. We should not have to cause than is the United States. come, and perhaps a little more, to get im be frightened into spasmodic spurts of over Throughout the world, the interests of mediate enjoyment, trusting to luck or to costly effort. Britain and the Commonwealth are inter someone else's charity to take care of their Our foreign friends with whom we need twined with those of the United States. Too future. Then there are those who have the to have relations of trust and confidence do often, however, we assume a superior attitude strength of character to live generally within not feel that our policies are dependable if of no:.icooperation because we are blind to their means, making present sacrifices in they are only to last as long as the American the fact that the United Kingdom's present order to save something against future haz people can be frightened. They know that economic plight is largely due to past sacri ards. The second group of people usually the cry of "wolf, wolf" after a while loses its fices in a common cause. win security, opportunity, and influence, effectiveness. They know that they are up Take our relations w.ith Chiang Kai-shek. while the first group are apt to be in trouble against Soviet Communist policies which are and to be judged by their fellows as un His government was loyal and steadfast dur steady and sustained. These policies have ing 4 years when be fought alone to resist reliable. been pursued relentlessly for 35 years and The same judgments apply within the so the Japanese militarists. At any time he have won great successes. It must be as could have made a compromise which would ciety of nations and in this respect our rat sumed that these policies will continue on have saved his rule at our expense. Con ing is not as high as it used to be. Of for another generation or even more. Those cededly, his administration was far .from course, we have immense richness and acer who feel most closely pressed by these poli perfect. Concededly, ·he made many mis tain kind of power which goes with that. cies, if they are to resist, must be able to takes. But he is, above all, a patriot and But we are living in a way which leads other count upon allies whose purposes are steady, he would work sacrificially with us for the nations to wonder whether we are a steady whose strength will be niaintained as a mat common goal of a China which is liberated and dependable ally. ter of principles and as an expression of from Soviet domination, if he felt that we Today we live in an atmosphere of self. strong character. really understood China's problem. We are indulgence which is punctuated by spasms It is true that over recent years we have now providing economic and military aid to of fright. Our Government seems to feel tended to become a materially self-indulgent Formosa, but this counts for little if, at that the Ainerican people are not capable of Nation. We have disregarded the dictates the same time, the Nationalist Government adapting themselves to a steady sustained of financial prudence. We have come to con is subjected to a sort of moral isolation. I program such as is appropriate for a country sider that it .ts normal that our budget believe that that has to some extent been which, on the one hand, is the end-target shoula be vastly unbalanced, that financing relieved by the fact that the Japanese Gov of the most formidable threat the world ernment, in accordance with its Prime Min has ever known and which, on the other should be infiationary and that taxes should be destructive of individual initiative and ister's assurance to me, has now made a hand, is so uniquely powerful that it carries treaty of peace with the Nationalist Gov a speciil.l responsib111ty within the society individual saving, and that we should act .in foreign affairs out of fright rather than out ernment of China as with the other free of free nations. If we are a Nation of strong allies. character, we should live regularly in such of sustained conviction. a way that, with a balanced budget and non I do not believe, however, that this way Take the position in Asia generally. The confiscatory taxes, we would still create and of life reflects what the American people people of Asia are not eager to see our ma sustain on a regular basis the military and really want. I believe our people have the terialism spread to them. Indeed, our su industrial strength required to prevent emer strength of character to take out insurance periority in material things is not very im gencies which otherwise would be sure to for the future while at the same time living portant in Asian eyes, as we learn somewhat come in a form and at times and places within our means, and to do so on a steady to our dismay when we come to deal with wnich cannot be predicted. That is pos a.nd sustained basis, without the necessity them. Our automobiles, radios, refrigerators, sible, if we will cut down on nonessential of being emotionally excited. If that is still washing machines, and other gadgets are not self-indulgence. the American character, now is the time to in the main what others want. What the As it is, we live through what are repre show it. Then we shall win and hold the people of Asia passionately want of the West sented to be a series of crises. The assump respect of other nations and develop with is western recognition that Asian culture tion appears to be that the only emotion them the relations needed for the security does not make Asians our inferiors. Of that will cause us to act is fear. The Con and opportunity which is the goal of foreign policy. course, the cultures of Asia. do make the gress and the people are constantly being Asian people difierent. But also those cul told that unless we take emergency action, a I pass now to the third quality of char acter of which I would speak, that is, sym tures possess a richness which we should terrible catastrophe will shortly befall. respect and admire. What they also pas In 1948, when I was working with Gov pathetic understanding of others without ernor Dewey and _Senator Vandenberg for bi regard to differences of nationality, race or sionately want of the West is recognition partisanship during that election year, I was religion. I have in mind what is so well that because Asian skins may differ from told on high authority that 1950 would be exemplified by your world brotherhood move ours in color, that does not make Asians the critical year; but that if we got by that ment. inferior people. We are wasting our money safely, then the i;eak of danger would be The material things that our Nation gives and effort i.n Asia if we cannot or will not past. Then toward the end of 1949, when away are no substitute for fellowship. In- provide fellowsh!p. 5148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 14 Everywhere the story is the same-in Asia, businessmen, failing to see through the there is an abundance of television sets, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. The Board's real purposes in announcing the radios, bedding, furniture, glassware, carpets, United States can provide leadership to bind suspension, actually hailed the move as and automobiles. the free world into effective unity for the a boom to business and employment. The FRB, with 150 paid sleuths, is attempt security of us all if we have human under ing w police credit buying in the Nation, an standing and human fellowship. If we have The truth is the suspension order is impossible task with 1,000 times the 150-man not that, we are as sounding brass or a about the worst possible thing that could force. And there are indications that even tinkling cymbal. We need that fellowship happen to business and labor. the FRB knows this, since hints are being here at home, where the spectacle is not al The suspension order was a smart po dropped daily that the Reserve Board of ways wholesome, and we need it in our for litical move on the part of the Board, Governors is willing to tell the congressional eign relations. As you of the National Con and I want to congratulate them on that. - committee that it will settle for stand-by ference of Christians and Jews preach, and The order was desigr.. ed to tell the Con credit controls. bring others to practice, world brotherhood, CONSIDER IT FRAUD you contribute mightily to developing the gress and the American public that the kind of n ational character needed for our Board uses its authority wisely and its Credit merchants consider this as much security and happiness with the family of present authority over installment credit of a fraud as the controls now actively im nations. should be continued. In announcing the posed on their business deals. They insist suspension, the Board did not tell the that stand-by controls would create even more confusion than -exists at the present [From the New York Times of May 14, 1952] people it is using every propaganda and time. At least, now, the argument goes, they MR. DuLLES SPEAKS political trick at its disposal to gain con know tlhe requirements. If the FRB con John Foster Dulles is providing us with tinued authority over installment credit. vinces the House Banking Committee that much food for thought these days. He is It failed to point out its present author stand-by rules are necessary, credit mer arguing, with customary profundity and ity expires June 30, and unless Congress chants maintain that nobody, least of all the earnestness, that the frontier of freedom extends this authority there will be quite consumer, will know when new and higher around the Communist bloc can only be a few people out of work down at the down-payment demands are going to be defended by creating the ability to strike Federal Reserve Board. imposed. an aggressor where it hurts. This is a varia The basic argument against continuation tion, or at least an extension, of the present While the suspension order was a of consumer credit controls beyond June 30, policy of containment. smart political move, I do not think the their expiration date under existing law, lies Mr. Dulles, who spoke Monday night at Board will get away with it. Too many in retail-sales statistics from across the Na a dinner of the National Conference of Members of the Congress will readily see tion. The National Foundation for Con Christians and Jews, and last week at the the suspension was merely a bid for con sumer Credit and Economist William J. National Institute of Political Science in tinued authority. Cheyney state that retail buying is lagging Paris, and previously to many audiences in It must be remembered the Board did and that merchants and manufacturers are many places, is never a man to brush aside not abolish its present authority, nor has being forced to store household items in al lightly. His ideas must be respected and ready overflowing warehouses. mulled over, for they are based on deep re it asked Congress to kill these controls. As an example, Cheyney says that there ligious conviction, long diplomatic expe The Board merely suspended the con are already 2,500,000 refrigerators on hand rience, and ca,reful though. He preaches a trols temporarily, which means that in retail-store outlets, a million more than is gospel that represents America at its best. once Congress gives them another year's normally held. In addition, the industry is It can be mistaken at times, but it is never power over the little man's pocketbook geared to produce an estimated 5,500,000 superficial and never materialistic or mer they can dictate terms of $5 down on a more this year, with prospects doubtful of cenary or selfish. refrigerator on Monday and $100 down selling 4,000,000 new units. Moreover, it has been a voice of unusual SOME OTHER EXAMPLES consistency over many years. In a paper on Tuesday, if they see fit to do this. written in October 1942, for the Commission They would have the businessman, There are other examples: In 11 major cit To Study the Bases of a Just and Durable worker, and farmer in a rat race. So ies furniture and bedding sales are 10 to 25 Peace, he argued, as he did Monday night, long as this sword of Damocles would be percent below February of 1951; March tele that Americans in this generation lack a hanging over their heads, businessmen vision and radio, 30 percent under last year; spiritual faith and cannot survive against could possibly chart their production floor-covering manufacturers, 18 percent. the drive of Russian Marxism unless one is Surveys in New York, Cleveland, Denver, schedules, which means, therefore, they Chicago, Miami, Birmingham, Kansas City, acquired. cannot guarantee the worker anything While Mr. Dulles trusts in God, he urges Richmond, and Indianapolis show toasters us to keep our powder dry. Last January like consistency of employment. and electric irons, 25 to 50 percent below the he created something of a sensation by say I wish to include a copy of the syndi sales level of a year ago; St. Louis Reserve ing that we should not assume the perma cated column written by Fulton Lewis, Bank figures show cash sales 20 percent lower nence of Communist rule over China and Jr., the noted radio commentator. This than in January of 1951; credit sales, 12¥2 that we must not expect a change to take column appeared in more than 100 news percent. place automatically. This, again, was an ar papers. It is one of the best documented The House Banking and Currency Com gument ag&inst mere containment; it was articles I have read showing why these mittee faces a difficult decision. Manufac not an invitation to attack China. Mr. Dul turers are in trouble in some lines. In Erie, les feels very strongly, as he once said, that controls should be scrapped entirely. P a, a General Electric plant manufacturing "the dynamic usually prevails over the static, I ask unanimous consent that the arti refrigerators has shut down; in Mansfield, the active over the passive." cle be printed at this point in my re Ohio, Westinghouse has cut back its refrig The ideas that he is putting forward go to marks. erator production 40 percent. The . $3,000,- the very heart of the problems we face and There being no objection, the article 000,000-a-year wood furniture industry is they call for such a profound-and even was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, running at 60-percent capacity. daring-assumption of dynamic leadership as follows: The argument to be presented to Congress in the world that he cannot expect them to will dwell on the fact that merchants caught be accepted without much soul-searching WASHINGTON REPORT: MAJOR BATTLE ON with bulging warehouses, as some already and thought. He does, however, deserve the CONTROLS COMING UP have been, face bankruptcy. Also, unless tribute of such thought, and one hopes that (By Fulton Lewis, Jr.) manufacturing plants can continue to pro meanwhile he will go on arguing his case. A major battle between the Federal Reserve duce, the list of jobless will grow. Board and the Nation's consumer credit Producers of household goods know they dealers is about to land on the doorstep of are far from a market saturation. Potential SUSPENSION OF INSTALLMENT Congress. demand remains high, but would-be buyers CREDIT CONTROLS The issue will be over continuation of con lacking the required high down payment trols on retail credit buying of major durable funds are staying away from stores. Credit Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, the goods, such as refrigerators, stoves, household dealers say their research puts the blame Federal Reserve Board's suspension of furniture, and automobiles. Under current solely on the Federal Reserve Board credit installment credit controls is a smart FRB rules, a 15-percent down payment with regulations. From the noise coming from political move designed to hoodwink the a maximum 18-month payoff is required for the FRB there seems more than a little truth Congress into granting continued au household goods. One-third down is required in the argument. thority over the little man's pocket for automobile purchasing. The National Foundation for Consumer book. INQUIRY WITH RESPECT TO The Federal Reserve Board last week Credit is prepared to tell the House Bank ing and Currency Committee that FRB con HAWAIIAN STATEHOOD BILL suspended its authority over installment trols on credit buying are a fraud. This credit. There is a lot of confusion sur organization, composed of retail credit deal Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to ad rounding this suspension order. Some ers of high repute in t '!le business world, says dress an inquiry to the distinguished ma- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5149 jority leader. I inquire whether the other bill of comparable importance dur seek to develop through his own volun policy committee has come to any con ing my service in the Senate. This is a. tary effort the best that is in him. clusion relative to the bill granting bill which is publicized by a word which It is these goals and these ideals, statehood to Hawaii? As the able Sen I approve, the word "codify"; but it is rather than our vaunted industrial ef ator from Arizona knows, we had before a bill which in fact, in my judgment, ficiency or our much envied standard of the Senate some time ago the Alaska would confuse and confound our immi living, which entitle us to our preeminent statehood bill.and it was defeated either gration and naturalization laws. These world position as a lesson to the oppres by a tie vote or by a very close vote. A are today of paramount importance not sor and an example to the oppressed. motion to reconsider is now pending. only to us domestically, but to our rela It is these goals and these ideals which The Hawaiian statehood bill has been tionships througnout the world. make our American way of life the great pending, but no indication has been The bill would introduce into our dynamic factor in today's world struggle. given as to when it will be taken up. statute books 302 pages of highly con Our ideals give the lie to Communist I address my inquiry to the distin troversial, inhumane, and administra propagandists who appropriate to them guished majority leader because we are tively unworkable legislation. Many au selves the labels of revolution and obviously working toward adjournment thorities also attest that the bill is un brotherhood which are rightfully ours, in early July, with the Republican con constitutional. and who then corrupt them to enslave vention to be held beginning on the 7th Hundreds of proposed changes in our all who come within their reach. of July and the Democratic convention, laws are hidden deeply in the pages of Our goals and ideals have their roots I believe, beginning on July 21. The this lengthy bill. Most of the changes in the Old and New Testaments. They time is now running. Has any decision from present law are neither necessary are beautifully expressed in the prayer been made with respect to Hawaiian nor desirable. They would turn our for social justice in the Book of Com· statehood legislation? immigration officials into bureaucrats mon Prayer, which invokes God's grace Mr. McFARLAND. No decision has on the totalitarian model. They would upon our etforts "fearlessly to contend been made with regard to Hawaiian turn our immigration laws, already con against evil and to make no peace with statehood legislation. I hope the Sen fused, into a veritable maelstrom of con oppression; and that we may reverently ator from California is correct when he fusion. They would erect -an iron cur use our freedom, help us to employ it says that we are working toward ad tain around the United States-an iron in the maintenance of justice among. journment in July. It is a little encour curtain of arbitrary standards which men and nations." aging to hear the distinguished Senator would mark us for the rest of the world In America's century and a half of from California state that we are work as e, nation which declines to practice national existence prior to World War ing toward that goal. Sometimes I be the principles which we preach. ·Il, it is said that more people who left come a little discouraged and begin to Mr. President, the United States was their h'.)melands came to the United think that we are not working toward founded and developed in the realization States than to any other country. As that goal. Therefore, I am certainly of a revolutionary dream, and not merely recently as 1940, one American resident glad to hear the distinguished Senator to achieve physical security and eco in every four was foreign-born, or the from California say that that is what nomic independence. Today, whether we child of a foreign-born parent. I should we are doing. like it or not, we must recognize the fact guess that a majority of those "Ameri Mr. KNOWLAND. Inasmuch as both that the fires of revolution are burning cans by choice" in the last half century great national political parties have de in many parts of the world. As Prof. originated from the very lands where clared in favor of statehood for Hawaii, D. W. Brogan reminds us in his book the dictatorships now tyrannize. I hope the distinguished majority leader Pric~ of Revolution, they are not neces sarily started or fed by ·the Moscow in America knows full well the contri will diligently press consideration of the bution of these exemplary citizens of proposed legislation so that we can at cendiaries. They have deep-rooted, in digenous causes. Another way of put ours in time of peace, and their sacrifices least get the general consensus of the in time of war. That contribution came Senate prior to adjournment. ting this is that wherever misery and hunger exist there is actual or potential to us through the operation of the great revolution; and a large part of man American principle of the "open door." kind-perhaps the great majority of the This principle was without any limita REVISION OF LAWS RELATING TO tion whatsoever for our first 100 years. IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION, earth's people-are miserable and hungry. During the first century of our history AND NATIONALITY Professor Brogan writes that now as a nation we successfully overcame The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair adays the world's peoples are deeply various so-called native movements. lays before the Senate the unfinished spurred by the passions of nationalism There was a notorious movement business, which is S. 2550. a European invention-and anti-im against the Irish in the 1840's, and The Senate resumed the considera perialism. Both nationalism and im others against the Italians, Swedes, and tion of the bill Brooklyn division). Mrs. John Hall Axford, Patriotic Women of Mr. BENTON. Yes; the cardinal was The American Hellenic Veterans Associa- America. convicted for illegal speculation and tion. C'harles E. Babcock, Junior Order United illegal dealings in foreign currency. The Common Council for American Unity. American Mechanics. Mr. LEHMAN. Exactly. Yet, under The Synagogue Council of America. Nagene Campbell Bethune, National So this provision of the McCarran bill, that The Jewish War Veterans of the United ciety for Constitutional Security. man would be excluded from entry into States. Brig. Gen. M. B. Curtis, National Sojour this country. We know that he was not Union of American Hebrew Congregations. ners. guilty of the offenses charged, and yet, The United Automobile Workers (CIO). Dr. Maude S. DeLand, Wheel of Progress. under the interpretation of the McCar The Congress of Industrial Organizations. Charles E. Foster, Disabled American Vet ran bill, particularly the section I have I now yield to the distinguished Sena- erans. Rear Adm. William Rea Furlong, United read, he would have no chance of being tor from New York. States Navy (retired), Military Order of World admitted into the United States. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, may I Wars, National Sojourners, Sons of Ameri I should also like to point out that simply add one organization to that list? can Revolution. under that section a Pole who had been I have received a telegram, which I think Gen. U.S. Grant, III, Military Order of the convicted of withholding a chicken from will be of interest to Members of the Loyal Legion. the food authorities would be excluded. Senate, reading as follows: Mrs. Ernest W. Howard, American Legion A Jew convicted of failing to register as National Council of Churches is officially Auxiliary. a Jew during the days of Hitler would be committed to principle that immigration Arthur Jack Janelli, Regular Veterans As excluded under this provision, although and naturalization laws, in keeping with sociation. there was certainly no moral turpitude our democratic tradition and our concern for Mrs. William D. Leetch, National Society of New England Women, National Society involved. A priest in Germany con human rights, should provide for "a system victed of giving a child religious instruc of fair hearings and appeals respecting the Women Descendants of Ancient and Honor issuance of visas and deportation proceed able Artillery Company. tion would be excluded under the provi ings." Since Senate bill 2550- Mrs. James C. Lucas, Daughters of the sions of this section, even though the American Revolution. charge against him had no relation The McCarran bill- Mike Masaoka, Japanese American Citizens whatever to moral turpitude. seriously fails to do this, I earnestly hope League. I know the Senator from Connecticut you will help to defeat bill or send it back Welburn Mayock, American President and the other cosponsors of the bill have to committee. Lines. no objection to making moral turpitude SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT, Charles H. Michaelson, Junior Order United the reason, the ground, and the fair General Secretary, National Council American Mechanics, State Council of New of Churches. Jersey. basis of exclusion. Certainly none of the Hon. Hugh Mitchell, Patriotic Order Sons alleged crimes to which I have referred Mr. BENTON. Mr. President, I wel of America. involve moral turpitude. Yet, with the come that interruption. I am sure that Gardner Osborn, American Coalition. exception of political offenses, there is most of my colleagues know that it is Miss May Phelps, Service Star Legion. no exception whatsoever in the section only within the past 2 or 3 years that all Harold L. Putnam, Sons of the American of the McCarran bill which I have read the great Protestant organizations, or Revolution. and to which the distinguished Senator at least most of the major ones, repre- · M. H. Thatcher, American Coalition. from Connecticut has already referred. senting the activities of the great Prot Orville H. Walburn, Sons of the American Revolution. Mr. Bl!;NTON. Mr. President, I wel estant faiths in virtually every field, have Mrs. Flora A. Walker, American Coalition. come the interruption. Another good gathered together under the great ban J. B. Wilson, National Wool Growers. example might be that of a man who ner of the National Council of Churches. Mrs. Margaret Hopkins Worrell, Ladies of escaped from a concentration camp and The telegram the Senato!" from New the Grand Army of the ·Republic, Wheel of was caught and convicted. I cannot be York has read thus represents the lead Progress. lieve that the Senate is in favor of bar ing spokesmen of the Protestant faiths A. A. Zoll, Society of the War of 1812. ring a man from the United States be of virtually all denominations. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will cause he has been convicted of escaping With reference to the alleged "small the Senator from Connecticut yield? from the Nazis. Mr. I 0 radical group" of f'enators who have Mr. BENTON. I am glad to yield EHMAN. He would be barred criticized the McCarran bill and have under the provisions of the McCarran further. bill. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5153 Mr. BENTON. Yes; that is the way unfactual analysis of both the McCARRAN and than a year ago. The earliest of the the bill reads, and I assume that is the the Humphrey-Lehman bills. hearings dates back to 4 or 5 years ago. The resume completely distorts the char way it would have to be interpreted if it acter, motives, and inspiration of both the I wanted an explanation of that situa is passed. That is one of the 400 dif sponsors of the Humphrey-Lehman bill and tion, and that is why I asked the Senator ferences between the McCarran bill the opposition to the McCarran bill. from Nevada to yield for questions; but, and the carefully developed and care as I have already stated, my requests fully worked-out Humphrey-Lehman bill I think these two paragraphs illustrate were in every case rejected. In fact, which we intend to offer as a substitute. the difficulty. when I made the comment that obvious Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will I now yield to the Senator from New ly the Senator from Nevada did not want the Senator yield to me? York. me to ask a question I was advised that Mr. BENTON. I am very happy to Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, of I was out of order. yield to my able colleague. Because of course, I have no objection whatsoever I want to make that clear, Mr. Presi his eminent legal background and his to drafting questions. I certainly want dent, in order to show that we have distinguished career as an Assistant At to have the Members of the Senate ad sought information on the floor of the torney General, there are few Senators vised intelligently with regard to what Senate so that Senators could see that who are so entitled to discuss this we believe to be the evil provisions of the there had been no hearings ·on this McCarran bill. But I again desire to specific bill. question. point out that, although the Senator Mr. McMAHON. I thank the Senator Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will from Nevada, on last Friday, in reply to my colleague yield? very much. I do not know whether I a statement or an inquiry of the distin have any competency in this field, but guished Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Mr. BENTON. I yield to the senior the statement which the Senator has THYE]. said, "I shall on the floor of the Senator from Connecticut. just made concerning one who is an Senate discuss and explain this bill of Mr. McMAHON. I may say to the escapee from a Nazi concentration camp mine section by section," he did not Senator from New York and the Senator possibly being barred under the pro do so. from Connecticut that I do not know visions of the McCarran bill is com I made the statement yesterday, when how we are going to get before the people parable to the bizarre situation which I spoke after the speech of the Senator of the United States, except, of course, was discussed yesterday by the Senator from Nevada, that I had listened to his through representatives of the press, the from New York [Mr. LEHMAN], the Sen speech for more than 2 hours and there fact that the Senate is about to vote on ator from Connecticut [Mr. BENTON], was no explanation whatsoever with re a bill which would give the Attorney and myself, relative to aliens being ex gard to any of the provisions of the bill. General of the United States the right pelled from this country. The main part of his address was con to exclude an alien because the Attorney Has any thought been given to ad fined to an attack on the 14 Senators General found that some 10 or 15 years dressing questions to the authors of the who introduced the Humphrey-Lehman earlier the alien had harbored an evil McCarran bill with reference to these bill arid in regard to many of the great thought. He had not spoken it; he had specific points? and fine organizations and individuals taken no action; but in bed one night, Mr. BENTON. Yesterday the distin who are supporting that bill. as he turned over to go to sleep, he had guished Senator from New York [Mr. I was anxious, when the Senator from an improper thought, and therefore the LEHM AN] eight times asked the Senator Nevada was speaking, to clear up some Attorney General is to be empowered to from Nevada [Mr. McCARRANJ to yield of the misapprenhensions, misstate exclude the alien. ' for a question, and eight times the re ments, and misrepresentations. There If we couple with that the suggestion quest was refused. The Senator from fore, I asked, I believe, eight times if the that under the provisions of the bill, as New York had no opportunity to ask Senator would yield to me for a question. a ground of exclusion, a man could be questions or secure answers to them. I did not intend to make a speech such excluded because he escaped from a Mr. McMAHON. It seems to me that as I am making now, but simply to ask Nazi concentration camp, I would cer some consideration should be given by him a question that could have been an tainly think that my constituents would those of us who are opposed to the Mc swered "yes" or "no." In each instance have some questions to ask of me if I Carran bill to addressing some specific the Senator completely disregarded my voted for a bill which contained such questions to the Chairman of the Judi request, in a manner which I believe was foolish and ridiculous provisions as does ciary Committee with the idea of getting offensive. It may not have been in the pending measure. answers. Perhaps we could prepare a tended to be offensive; I do not know Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the letter and obtain answers, either "yes" what was in the Senator's mind. Senator yield? or "no." Either the situation exists or One of the questions I wanted to ask Mr. BENTON. First, I should like to it does not exist under which aliens could was with regard to hearings. In a dra draw the attention of my colleagues to be excluded for the reasons mentioned. matic move a great many hearing rec section 212 (a) <10) of the bill, which If that is possible, I do not think the ords were brought into the Senate covers the particular point we have been Senate can afford to pass this bill. Chamber and placed on the table in or discussing. It begins as follows: Do I hear any suggestion from the der to show that adequate and compre (10) Aliens who have been convicted of Senator from New York? We must have hensive hearings had been held on Sen two or more offenses (other than purely po an answer to this situation. ate bill 2550. I know perfectly well that litical offenses), regardless of whether the conviction was in a single trial or whether Mr. BENTON. -Mr. President, if I hearings were held on other Senate bills, the offenses arose from a single scheme of may first comment briefly, I then shall some of the provisions of which are con misconduct and regardless of whether the be glad to yield to the Senator from New tained in Senate bill 2550, but there have offenses involved moral turpitude. York [Mr. LEHMAN]. been no hearings on Senate bill 2550, the On yesterday the distinguished Sen present McCarran bill, or on the bill of I now yield to the Senator from New ator from New York inserted into the which the Senator from Connecticut is York. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement is a cosponsor with 12 or 13 other Senators. Mr. LEHMAN. I have been very sued by the offices of the Senator from There was not a single reference to a deeply impressed by what the junior Sen New York [Mr. LEHMAN], the Senator hearing held on Senate bill 2550. Those ator from Connecticut and the senior from Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY], the records were of hearings held on previ Senator from Connecticut have said. I Senator from Michigan [Mr. MOODY], ous bills. I did not have the opportunity agree with the senior Senator from Con and my own office, which leads off with of going over them carefully, but I did necticut. I do not know how ·we are the following two paragraphs which il pick up one or two of them and found going to get the facts before the Ameri lustrate the difficulty of placing the bill that some of them were with reference can people save through this debate, and in proper perspective in connection with to bills introduced in the Eightieth Con with the good will and cooperation of the queries directed to the chairman of the gress. Not a single word or line of those press, which I know always wishes to Committee on the Judiciary: records referred to the pending bill, Sen place before the people of the country the facts of a situation. The so-called factual resume of pending ate bill 2550, although I will say that immigration legislation issued from the there are many provisions in Senate bill The Senator has raised a question offi ce of Senator McCARRAN is inaccurate and 2550 which appeared in previous bills. about the provision under which a per misleading in major respects, presenting an But the latest of the hearings was more son convicted of a crime not involving 5154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE moral turpitude could be excluded from meaning of this bill that would not have New York [Mr. LEHMAN] in the recent admission to the United States. There been sufficient, because there are in the colloquy. are many, many other such provisions. bill 41 places where power to exclude or These are all provisions which run I do not know how we can, save through deport is dependent upon the opinion of counter to our democratic principles the press, bring to the attention of the a consul, or upon the opinion of the At here at home, and which undercut and people the fact that consuls all over the torney General. blemish our reputation throughout the world-or their subordinates, as a mat There are 60 additional places in the world. ter of fact-can refuse visas to prospec bill where deportation or exclusion, or The bill we are discussing today, S. tive immigrants, not on any established other overt actions in regard to aliens, 2550, seeks to keep us in the 1920's, for ground, but merely because, in their and even naturalized citizens, is. depend it is 1920 instead of 1940 or 1950 which opinion, the applicants would not make ent on the facts being established "to is used as the basis for quota determina good citizens; or that, in their opinion, the satisfaction of the consul" or the tions-section 201. Place of birth and 20 years from now, perhaps, they may ''satisfaction of the Attorney General." race remain in the bill with all their ugly be guilty of doing something which a To find out what this bill means, discriminations-section 202a. And new consul would not approve. opinions would. have to be rendered by discriminations are written in-against Under the proposed law, there is no our consuls all over the world, because peoples born in the West Indies, by lim statutory appeal permitted by which under the bill the Secretary of State is iting quotas to 100 in the case of per such cases can be heard within the De not mentioned as the person in whom sons born in a colony-section 202c. partment of State. If a consul says to the power is reposed; it is reposed in S. 2550 injects into our laws the very an applicant, "I will not give a visa to the consul. Under the bill, seemingly, form of totalitarianism we are now you," that is the end of it. There is no the Department of State would not have fighting against on a world scale. For way of going back of his decision. legal power to reverse a consul. The bill the first time in our history, aliens are I and other Senators have received refers to the consul and not to the Sec to be deported without a bearing. Alien hundreds of letters from relatives or retary. So we would have to have legal crewmen who have been permitted to friends of aliens, protesting that their views expressed on the bill by every con land, who have been temporarily but loved ones cannot obtain visas. All we sul, not to mention a long line of suc lawfully admitted to the United States, can do about it is to send such letters to .cessors, as yet unknown, to the consuls can be deported without any bearing the State Department and ask if they will and the attorneys general. whatsoever-sections 241, 251. Stowa please look into the cases. In not one Mr. President, an argument advanced ways are likewise denied hearings-sec instance in a hundred have I either re for the McCarran bill is that the Daily tions 273d, 212 <18), 241. Arriving aliens ceived an answer or a change in the Worker opposes it. about whom the Attorney General bas ruling. The Communists support issues and secret information can be deported with There is another thing we must get be ideas that help point out the great weak out a hearing-section 235c. fore the pople, and we have not fully nesses in our democratic armor. -They However, it is not the specific instances succeeded in doing so. I refer to the evil oppose ideas and bills which will correct I am giving that are so noteworthy. It subsection <27), of section 212, which them. They do not want the Hum is the fundamental precept of American reads as follows-listen to this- phrey-Lehman bill passed because then democratic principles that is being ig (27) Aliens who the consular officer- they would not have the McCarran bill nored by s. 2550-that of a fair hear That is the American officer in a little to use against us in their propaganda. ing for those who come within the sov place in Europe-- Regardless of what the Daily Worker ereignty of the.United States. says, it would favor, in conformance with or the Attorney General knows or has reason We all know how the procedures op to believe .seek to enter the United States its past and present dicta, the passage of erate which are fastened into American solely, principally, or incidentally to engage the McCarran bill so that it could keep law by this bill. For example, the At in activities which would be prejudicial to hammering away at its undemocratic torney General excluded tqe war bride, the public interest, or endanger the welfare, provisions. Ellen Knauff, upon the basis of secret safety, or security of the United States; This Daily Worker bogey has been information. Three years later, it was In other words, all a consular officer or used until it is threadbare. determined that the information was the Attorney General has to do is to All of us know that the Daily Worker secret no longer. When the secret state that he has reason to believe that constantly prints things exactly the op charges w~re explor-ed in the light of day, an alien may do something which would posite of the facts and even the opposite they turned out to be pure speculation be prejudicial to the public interest. of what the Daily Worker is itself seek and unreliable hearsay. Mrs. Knau1f However, there are no standards of what ing. was then admitted~ the United States. constitutes an act prejudicial to the pub Communism _thrives on social and eco This illustration out of our own past lic interest-not a single word. Is not nomic strife. It fiourishes on allegedly is a sample of how the new bill would that a fact? advocating the correction of evils in a operate in secret when the charges do Mr. BENTON. That is a fact. country, while actually it plots to use not need to be brought out into the light Mr. LEHMAN. It is left entirely to the them only as projectiles in establishing of day. discretion of one man. It is not based its own dictatorship. More than 50 years ago, the Supreme on any standards, rules, or procedures It is time that all of us woke up to the Court determined in the Japanese Immi whatsoever. It is left to a consular officer fact that the last thing the Daily Worker grant case <189 U. S. 86), that an alien or to the Attorney General. I thank the would want is for the Senate to defeat could not, consistent with due process, be Senator from Connecticut for yielding. the McCarran bill. Let us stop bandy deported without a hearing. Two years Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, if my ing this Red scarecrow of what the Daily ago it reaffirmed that doctrine in the colleague will permit, I cannot read Worker says and thinks. The dema case of an alien seaman by the name of Harry Truman's mind, but if this bill gogs quote it when it is against them, Sung in Sung v. McGrath (339 U. S. 33). should be passed by both Houses, I cer but never when it is for them. Let us Now, in utter disregard of the Supreme tainly think that it would be returned to now do justice to the honorable, far Court, S. 2550 proposes carelessly to shun Congress, because, in my opinion, no self sighted, liberal individuals and organi these well established constitutional respecting President could sign a bill zations who have advocated an immigra principles. embracing such outlandish provisions as tion bill designed to bring equity and Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will are contained in this bill. fairness into our domestic and foreign the Senator yield? Mr. BENTON. I may say that that affairs. Mr. BENTON. I yield. is the conclusion a group of Senators, a Mr. President, I shall now list some of Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator is group in which I participated, reached the many dangerous and often dema making reference to two cases which are, after we had discussed the bill. gogic provisions in Senate bill 2550, the of course, of basic importance to the Mr. President, the questions of my two bill we are now discussing. Many of whole immigration policy of our coun colleagues demonstrate that even if these have been referred to by my dis try. Those two cases refer directly to every member of the committee had tinguished colleague [Mr. McMAHON] the matter of hearing, which is a part formed a considered opinion as to the and by the distinguished Senator from of the due process of htw under the Con- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5155 stitution, and also under the Adminis viding in the Senate in thk field during idence granted to an alien with the ap trative Procedure Act, which act was this period when it is of such great im proval of Congress, even after that alien fathered in large part by the Senator portance to review this critical legisla has become a citizen of the United States. from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN]. tion. For example, a casual contribution of I think it should be noted at this point One of the great democratic principles 25 cents to the collection box of an or that one of the really serious blows to of Anglo-American jurisprudence is ganization which later falls under sub constitutional protection involved in that the same man shall not act as versive control could result in the loss Senate bill 2550, the McCarran bill, is the prosecutor and judge. Human nature of citizenship-section 340 . manner in which the hearing process is being what it is, one cannot expect jus This bill gives absolute discretion to denied or completely pushed aside, and tice from a policeman-prosecutor who the Attorney General to deport persons the manner in which the Administrative sits as a judge. Yet, that is exactly convicted of minor offenses-offenses Procedure Act is adulterated, and at what S. 2550 seeks from immigration which in no way involve moral turpitude. times completely ignored. officials. In Sung v. McGrath, the Su That point has been stressed by the dis I wish to make it perfectly clear for preme Court ruled that in deportation tinguished Senator from New York [Mr. the RECORD that the Congress of the cases the law requires independent LEHMAN]. United States thought it was taking a h earing officers---officials completely de Under this bill, an alien could be de forward step in the Administrative Pro tached from those who investigate and ported even if he were convicted of only cedure Act, which requires hearings, and prosecute. What we have in the pend one traffic violation and the Attorney which affords opportunity for counsel ing legislation is a proposal which runs General declared him undesirable-sec for those who wish to be heard. dire~tly counter to this Supreme Court tion 241 (a) (4). Aliens can be excluded After the Congress has made that for decision. without hearings upon the basis of secret ward step, the McCarran bill reverses Senate bill 2550 now seeks to establish undisclosed information, even though it, so far as immigratfon is concerned. special inquiry officers to review deporta they had visas, or were returrung resi In other words, the Constitution is tossed tion cases who will not be independent. dents of the United States-section 235 out the window when it comes to an They will be subservient to and depend (C). alien, and, at times, even with respect to ent upon the immigration officers who in Under this bill, the present exemption naturalized citizens. vestigate and prosecute-section 242 (b). from literacy requirements would be re Furthermore, the point which needs If this bill becomes law, this feature of pealed for parents, grandparents, wives, to be emphasized in reference to Senate the bill will be attaclrnd as unconstitu and widowed or unmarried daughters of bill 2550 is that the authority over im tional-and it is unconstitutional accord legally admitted aliens and citizens of migration frequently is vested entirely ing to legal opinions which have been the United States-section 212 (a) 25. in the Attorney General and based upon given to me-and if it is so declared, Mr. President, the bill under discus the opi:!:iion or the view of the Attorney another 10,000 deportation orders will be sion would authorize deportation hear General. It is a strange thing to me invalidated, as occurred when the Sung ings in absentia, for the first time in our that Members of Congress who have case was decided. Thus confusion history. That is, the accused could be been so averse to the c.oncentration of worse-conf ounded will be the byproduct tried even though he had no idea that power in an executive officer, without of this bill "if we permit it to be enacted deportation hearings were taking place. any review whatsoever, should suddenly into law. Under this law service by publication is vest in an executive officer powers which In a republic such as ours, we have sufficient-sections 340 (b), 242 (b). are unknown in any other part of Amer no place for laws which permit arbitrary Convictions in absentia violate due ican law. I submit that very little or action and absolute discretion by admin process, and deportation orders entered no evidence can be presented showing istrative officers. Absolute discretion, in absentia most assuredly violate the that the Attorney General has ever been like corruption, can mark the beginning American tradition of fair play. given such broad powers as are proposed of the end of liberty. As was recently As has been pointed out previously to be given him under the so-called Mc stated in the Supreme Court, in Three on the :floor by the distinguished Sena Carran bill-powers which affect not Hundred and Forty-first United States tors who have been taking part in this only property, but the lives of individ Reports: at page 101, by Justice Douglas: discussion, the Attorney General is also uals. Where discretion is absolute man has granted absolute power to deport an alien We do not give that !)ower to the always suffered. At times it has been his because he decides in his own unreview Attorney General even in the case of property that has been invaded, at times his able judgment that, 20 years ago, when the importation of beans or rubber privacy; at times his liberty of movement; the alien arrived here, he was likely to bands. If an importer of synthetic at times his freedom of thought, at times engage incidentally, or that he had the pearls, for example, feels that he has his life. Absolute discretion is a ruthless mental purpose of engaging in activities master. It is more destructive of freedom prejudicial to the public interest. Of been discriminated against or not prop than any of man's other inventions. erly treated by an American consul, he course, it would have to be the Attorney has the right of judicial review and the Mr. President, S. 2550 is a bill to vest General who would determine and define right of hearing. Under the McCar absolute discretion in our immigration what was meant by the "public interest." ran bill he does not have that right. officials. It transforms them into petty Mr. President, I do not, of course, sug A r,onsular officer-and he may be in despots and tyrants, all-powerful in their gest that we should retain subversives experienced, because in many cases such spheres of activity. within this country; I am for sending officers are stationed for a maximum of There has been a good deal of talk them out and keeping them out. But 2 years in a particular port-may deny recently about the inherent powers of most assuredly we should seek fairness a person a visa, and there is no review the President to seize the steel industry. in deciding that an individual is sub whatever provided from the consul's deci We have had expansive, elaborate state versive. sion. The decision is definite, definitive, ments as to the constitutionality of an Furthermore, if resident aliens are and that is all there is to it. executive action. protected by the Constitution, as most If anyone wants to bring into the Are these property rights indeed more certainly they are, and if they are en United States a German dachshund important than the human rights which titled by due process to know with some one of those long dogs that look like have just been referred to so eloquently degree of definiteness the grounds for a wiener-and the application is denied by the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. deportability-as they most assuredly the person can get a court review and HUMPHREY J ? Shall we seek to protect are, and as the Supreme Court has rec obtain a hearing. In the case of people, our property as we indulge in front-page ognized in Jordan v. DeGeorge (341 U. S. that is not permitted under the McCar discussion about the steel case, while at 223)-then here we have another pro ran bill. the same time we give absolute powers vision in this bill which is completely out Mr. BENTON. I thank the Senator to the Attorney General over the lives of harmony with the Constitution of the from Minnesota for giving renewed em of American citizens as well as aliens? United States. phasis to these key points. I congratu The bill before us today gives the If we enact this bill into law, we not late him on the way he has mastered the Attorney General and his subordinates only :flout the Constitution and the subject and on the leadership he is pro- absolute power· to revoke permanent res- democratic principles for which we are 5156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 14 now :fighting on a world scale, but we .all people with English names came from tional Catholic Welfare Conference and also turn our immigration and natural England. People of Italian descent like many other organizations. It perpetu ization process into a system of govern the Cabots, originally Cabotto, whose ates the 1920 quota system, set up in ment by men instead of by laws. Our names had been Anglicized, were count days when the Ku Klux Klan was an naturalized citizens and aliens alike will ed as English. important factor in American politics. be ruled by men vested with absolute Mr. DOUGLAS. Madam President, The Judiciary Committees have stood discretion. They will not be ruled by will the Senator from Connecticut yield? pat in spite of the fa.ct that such men laws as heretofore. The PRESIDING OFFICER -even though he is ig Italians have taken that land, and made der immigration quotas, the parents of norant of the provision of United States it bloom like a Garden of Eden. They American citizens-section 203a2. law which deprives him of his American have made it productive far beyond the It bars from naturalization those citizenship. dreams of the descendants of the original aliens who cannot write English-section TliP. pending bill permits the deporta Yankees who today may be farming the 312. tion of an alien to any country that will western lands. It imposes a literacy test on arriving t· ke him, even though he will there be That principle of racial equality is an aliens, ending the present exception for subject to racial persecution-section essential element of our democratic the persecuted and elderly parents of 243 a and h. faith. It is one which is abandoned in citizens-section 212a25-who often It exempts immigration hearing ex the bill now under discussion. This bill have had no chance to study English or aminers from the Administrative Proce freezes racial discrimination into our learn English, inasmuch as of ten the dure Act, by providing that they are to statutes, instead of eradicating it when teaching of English is not available in hold their offices only at the pleasure of we have an opportunity to do so. their native communities. their superiors, instead of retaining the Every immigrant who takes a job and This bill excludes aliens convicted judicial independence granted to their earns money becomes a consumer. He of trumped-up, so-called nonpolitical brother examiners in other Federal ad spends money as well as earns it. Even crimes in Fascist and Communist coun ministrative hearing agencies. The bill the money he sends back home in dollars tries even though the charges in effect, thus denies them the independence and to Italy or elsewhere must be spent. The were actually political-section 212a10- protection from influence which the Mc dollars which go abroad must come back, as in the Cardinal Mindszenty case, Carran and Walter Administrative Pro as dollars. The work that he does which has been mentioned earlier today. cedure Act assures for all hearing ex strengthens us, and· money he earns and Under the McCarran bill, a Brazilian aminers-section 101b4. spends strengthens our economy regard born citizen of Chinese blood is not ad Madarr.. President, the bill continues less of where he may send it. As Repre missible as a Brazilian, but must come those restrictive provisio:as of the quota sentative Rc,nrno declared-hearings on under a racial ancestry quota of 105 for system under which the quotas of north Senate bill 716, page 729: · Chinese all over the world-section 202. west Europe are unused, while Poles, It is to be noted that our periods of greatest All Asiatics, no matter where they are Lithuanians, Czechs, Italians, and other expansion coincided with our periods of born, are limited to a similar quota. refugees from eastern and southern Eu greatest immigration. It is also not to be Under this bill, any alien who is con rope cannot come because their quotas disregarded that those States with the largest victed of even one traffic offense, if the are oversubscribed and mortgaged for population percentages of immigration are Attorney General finds him to be an un years in advance-section 202. also the States of greatest prosperity. desirable-section 241a4--even though Madam President, I hope I do not now The question asked by the Senator he has been here for years, can be de have to spell out in detail for our col from Michigan ·[Mr. MoonYJ opens up ported. leagues how the foregoing consequences the whole subject of the economics of The bill excludes those who make a of this bill can play havoc with the ob immigration. I could talk at length on material misrepresentation having its jectives of our foreign policy. These this but it is a different speech and not roots in fear of racial persecution-sec consequences are not items of concern to so germane to the bill which we have tion 212a19. us on our domestic policies only. After under· discussion, in my judgment, as the It punishes a whole people by denying World War I, when the 1924 act was points I have been trying to emphasize them visas if their Communist govern passed, we regarded immigration as today. It is not comparable in impor ment refuses to accept one of its na purely a domestic a:fair. So, too, when tance to the other facets of the bill. tionals whom we wish to deport-section we first set up a quota in 1921. It be I should now like to sum up briefly 243g. came, however, a source of great inter some of the facets which make the Mc Madam President, these are all new national irritation. Potentially, it is now Carran bill so flagrantly wrong and so provisions in this new McCarran bill. a source of world tension of enormous manifestly against our national interest. The bill is not merely a codification. It danger to all of us. The bill makes some aliens deportable is a complete revision of the immigration Madam President, I do not believe that without a hearing-sections 242 of S. 2550 substitutes what had happened for perhaps a decade cerned. Those are the only changes we a mechanically simplified formula for or a generation before that time, and propose to make. It seems to me that the one now in existence, by providing did not take into account the changing that is a completely reasonable and fair that each quota be one-sixth of 1 percent times. proposal. of the number of inhabitants in the con Certain people who had come to this Mr. PASTORE. Lest anyone get the tinental United States in 1920 attrib country in large numbers up to the year wrong impression, this is not a formula utable by national origin to that quota 1920 were not affected, because they had for taking away. area. This in effect does not change the been here for a long time. It did not Mr. LEHMAN. That is correct. situation as it now exists, a fact which apply to certain peoples of Europe who Mr. PASTORE. n other words, we is attested to in the majority report of came in in large numbers until 1920. I are not saying to Great Britain and the committee. say the 1920 census is being maintained Northern Ireland that we are reducing This is my chief criticism of this bill. in this bill deliberately in order to per their quota. At this point I desire to If we are to codify our immigration petuate that inequality, inequity, and make a little correction. I think the dis statutes, it seems to me that the first injustice. tinguished Senator from New York made order of business should be a correction Mr. HUMPHREY. So it is fair to say a slip of the tongue. The quota for of such a glaring inconsistency with the that this bill is not a modernization of Southern Ireland, or Eire, is 17 ,853. objectives of the earlier act, and the the immigration law. What it amounts Mr. LEHMAN. I stand corrected. I elimination of arbitrary and discrimina to is standardization of a formula ar thought it was somewhat higher. tory barriers set up against certain rived at in 1920, based on the 1920 census. Mr. PASTORE. Our bill is not a people. and a perpetuation of inequities and dis process or formula for taking away. We I am proud to state that the legisla criminatory features which were then are not saying to Great Britain and Ire ture of my own State recognized this in in the law, and which have been so land, "You have had the privilege of quity and injustice. and, by a formal sharply criticized for the past 30 years. sending us, if you cared to do so, 25,000 memorial resolution to Congress, has Mr. PASTORE. That, in fact, is the or 26,000 immigrants annually, and, be recommended that any comprehensive theme of my remarks. cause you have not done so for the past immigration legislation adopted at this Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will 10 years, we are going to cut you down to time include a provision making the un the Senator yield? 15,000." In the Humphrey-Lehman bill used quota numbers in any fiscal year Mr. PASTORE. I am glad to yield. we are merely saying, "You still have available during the following fiscal year Mr. LEHMAN. I should like to ask the the authority to utilize quota numbers to immigrants, in order of priority, who Senator if he does not agree with me up to the maximum, but if in any year are native to countries whose quotas are that we proposed to do two things. In you do not do so, if you do not feel that oversubscribed. the first place, we propose to base popu you can accept our invitation, let us hand Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will lation figures on the census of 1950, in that invitation over to some other poor the Senator from Rhode Island yield at stead of the census of 1920, and to in souls who really want to come to this point? clude all inhabitants and residents of America, make their homes here, and Mr. PASTORE. I yield. this country. That is one thing. Of contribute to our way of life." In short, 5164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 14· it is not a process of taking away: It is gible number of any race who come into over the years and come under the im a process of utilizing quota numbers up the United States bears to the figure migration quotas at least by 50 percent? to 150,000. 150,000, and set that against the entire Mr. PASTORE. That is correct. Mr. LEHMAN. I am grateful to the population, based upon the census of Mr. HUMPHREY. I should like to in Senator from Rhode Island for empha 1920, with respect to the same racial quire what would happen if the bill sizing and clarifying that point, which strains which wore the American uni which is sponsored by the Senator from is very important. form in World War II, and see if the New York [Mr. LEHMAN], the Senator Mr. PASTORE. During the hearings comparison is a good one. I challenge from Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE], my before the Committee on the Judiciary, any Member of the Senate to make self, and many other Senators, which representatives from a host of American such a comparison. Take the numbers provides for the pooling of unused religious, civic, and social organizations of the racial strains which we are say quotas should be enacted? Is it not gave their support to this proposal. In ing are not good enough to be admitted, correct to say that it would permit the my opinion, adoption of the suggestion, are not equal to our citizenship, but are entry of political and religious persecu without tampering with the total num second-class people, and compare them tees, who have been driven from their ber of authorized admissions, would go with the sons of the immigrants who homes by dictators and others who deny far in correcting one of the most serious came from the same stock, who wore the religious and political freedom. shortcomings of our present quota sys American uniform, and see what a great Mr. PASTORE. Yes; up to 25 percent tem. In other words-and I am not deflection we would actually have by of the unused quota. willing to accept this as a fact-even if comparison. It is easy enough to ask we go so far as to admit that we cannot American boys of those racial strains to Mr. HUMPHREY. Then there would absorb more than 150,000 immigrants wear the uniform of this country, to de also be a category for men of special annually, we should, at least, in order to fend the country in war, and to fight for ability, men of scientific knowledge, lit remove the barriers of discrimination, peace; but when it comes to recognizing erary quality, and learning. A per base our formula on the census of our those races in immigration, we say that centage of them could come into the population in 1950 and not that of 1920. they are not good enough, that there United Sta-tes out of the pooled unused If we are in fact trying to modernize and are other people who are a little better quotas. Is that correct? bring our law up to date, then why use than they are. Mr. PASTORE. Again up to 25 per the census of 1920 and not the census of Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will cent? 1950, which is a more realistic and demo the Senator yield? Mr. HUMPHREY. A third category cratic approach to this problem? Mr. PASTORE. I yield. would be relatives of citizens, such as As long as it is recognized that immi Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator has parents, brothers, sisters, and cousins. gration is desirable, even though it must given most moving and dramatic evi Is that up to 25 percent also? be circumscribed, then it also seems dence of the discriminatory features of Mr. PASTORE. Yes. wholly logical that we should not pre the McCarran bill. It is up to the pro Mr. HUMPHREY. Then there is the vent the full utilization of authorized ponents of that bill to justify its equity final category, one of special selection, quotas through abuse of administrative and its morality. It is a strange thing or what could be called new seed immi procedures. Section 201 of this bill, to note that the proponents of the bill gration, which consists merely of good conforming to present law, limits the are singularly silent, because the more folk who can qualify. monthly issuance of quota visas to 10 they talk about this miserable bill the Mr. PASTORE. Yes; again up to 25 percent of the total annual quota. Re fewer supporters there will be for it. percent. alistically, this means that at the end of Let us refer to another thing. I ask Mr. HUMPHREY. The fact is that the the year there is a tragic waste of quota the Senator from Rhode Island if it is McCarran bill makes no provision what numbers which otherwise could have not true that the McCarran bill pro ever for these particular groups to come been used. If we must have a limita vides for :'J.J pooling of unused quotas. into this country under any type of pool tion as to the number that can be proc Mr. p _-:._ sTORE. The Senator is ab ing arrangement of unused quotas. essed monthly for entry, then in all fair solutely correct. Mr. PASTORE. That is correct. Not ness the monthly limitation should be Mr. HUMPHREY. There is no pool only that, but the McCarran bill goes so raised to 20 percent, with no restriction ing of unused quotas. far as to limit the. number that can be in the last 2 months of the year, so that Mr. PASTORE. The Senator is cor processed each month, which cannot be each quota can ·be fully utilized. rect. All the McCarran bill does is to more than 10 percent. There would be I may say, as an aside, that it strikes continue, reaffirm, restate, and perpetu inserted in the law a long selective sys me that Senate bill 2550 is built up in ate a wrong which should have been tem on immigration, which would mean an atmosphere and spirit of hostility and corrected a long time ago. more investigations and more adminis rancor. It seems to be a spite piece of Mr. HUMPHREY. Is it not true that trative work. A consul would be up legislation more than anything else. It the McCarran bill also provides that against it if he were to make a mistake. seems to be intended to close the door those who have come in as displaced Anyone who reads the law can be in the faces of people, rather than to persons or refugees, many of them from charged with its electricity. It is a law welcome people to come here and become the Baltic countries, many of them refu which seeks to discourage immigration, a part of our American way of life, and gees from Poland and other countries and not to encourage it. make a contribution to peace in the behind the iron curtain, will be charged Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct. world. up to the quotas of those countries, so Mr. PASTORE. It does not connote a Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will that it will perhaps be the year 2000 be friendly atmosphere at all. A consul in the Senator yield? fore any immigrants can come in from processing cases will naturally have to Mr. p ASTORE. I am glad to yield. those wonderful countries which are now be very careful. He will have to make Mr. HUMPHREY. I had hoped that under the heel of Soviet totalitarianism? up the proper categories. The Attorney the Senator would make reference to the Mr. PASTORE. Certain quotas have General will have to designate the prior fact that not only does Senate bill 2550 been mortgaged to the extent of 50 per ities that can come into the country. seek to close the door upon those who cent. In other words, if 1,000 came in in Therefore, administratively, it will be desire entrance into this land of free the year 1949, from a country from utterly impossible to utilize the maxi dom, but in the calculation of popula which only 100 can migrate annually mum figure, because it is not possible to tion it does not ccunt native American to the United States, the figure of 1,000 process all these cases on the basis of 10 Indians. It not only closes the door to is spread over a number of years, to the percent each month. the people who want to come in, but it tune of 50 a year. As a result, in some refuses to count the truly native-born cases it would be necessary to go much Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the people of this country, the American In beyond the year 2000 before it would be Senator yield? dians, as a basis for calculating popula possible to pay otf the mortgage, so to Mr. PASTORE. I yield. tion for immigration purposes. If any speak. Mr. LEHMAN. Is it not a fact that one can offer any justification for such a Mr. HUMPHREY. In other words, the the bill goes so far as to provide that a theory, I should like to hear it. Displaced Persons Act, which was passed the quotas are limited to 10 percent a Mr. PASTORE. Let us make a com by Congress by an overwhelming ma month, and that if the 10 percent is not parison. Take the ratio which the eli- jority, is now supposed to be spread out used in a particular month it is not pos- 1.952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE sible to carry forward the unused part to read. It will take only a few moments. Mr. PASTORE. That is the way it any month in the same year? He writes: reads; yes. Mr. PASTORE. That is correct. We feel that the legislation should at least Mr. HUMPHREY. It depends on Mr. HUMPRHEY. Mr. President, will mark a step ahead in making the unused what kind of stupid law is passed that the Senator yield further? quotas of countries like Great Britain and could be subject to such stupid con .Mr. PASTORE. I yield. Ireland available to Italians and displaced struction. That is what it boils down Mr. HUMPHREY. In other words, if persons of German stock with their grave to. It would permit legal twisters to do 7 percent is used in the month of Janu unemployment problems. We feel that this should be a part of any Christian interna practically anything they wanted to do. ary it is not possible to carry forward tional policy. We feel that no legislation I ask the Senator from Rhode Island the other 3 percent to February, March, which regards the people of other nations whether he was present when I referred or April in the same year? as inferior can long remain on the statute to a Supreme Court decision which lit Mr. PASTORE. Not more than 10 books. It certainly is an insult to stigma erally ruled out this thought provision percent in any one month. tize as inferiors the people of Italy with their or belief provision of the McCarran bill? Mr. HUMPHREY. Is it not correct long cultural and Christian traditions. We In a similar case the Court ·said such a to say that there are times when sailings know that there is no people to whom the provision was unconstitutional. are limited, and that ther.e are times world owes so much-insofar as Christian teaching, the arts, music, literature, arche Mr. PASTORE. I realize that; and I when individuals, according to the his ology, and even the great inventions, are cannot bring myself to think for a mo tory of immigration, simply d.:> not apply, concerned-as it does to the Italian people. ment that the Supreme Court of our It is one of the facts of immigration In view of present world conditions, it would land-and I digress to say that I respect statistics. Therefore, a large number be a serious mistake and utterly un-Chris the opinion of the Senator from Con of possibilities for visas are lost for pur tian to adopt any form immigration legis necticut, and I realize that the bill reads poses of immigration merely because no lation that would discriminate against the in the way he has stated-would ever one applies. people of other countries, that would set make such a construction as he has indi l\iir. PASTORE. That is precisely cor them down as inferior peoples, and that would even- cated. Such a thing simply could not rect. be in the United States of America. Mr. HUMPHREY. I should like to Note this- Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, if have the Senator from Rhode Island and that would even brand large numbers the Senator from Rhode Island will yield press the point, when we get around to of our own people as second-class citizens. to me further, let me say to him that it, and when we can find someone who It is to be regretted that this appears to be time and time again the Supreme Court will defend the bill, if anyone can be the avowed purpose of the omnibus immi has said that it will not decide a ques found to defend it- gration bills reported out by the Senate and tion in derogatio of a clear, unequivocal Mr. PASTORE. Or to explain it. House Judiciary Committees. expression of congressional intent; that Mr. HUMPHREY. Or to explain it. I close by saying that I certainly want if Congress did not mean a certain law I should like to have the Senator from to be present when the proponents ex to be interpreted in accordance with the Rhode Island find out why the pro plain, if they ever do, that provision clear meaning of the words used in it, ponents of the bill have refused to count of their bill, which would permit the Congress would hav .e used other words the American Indians in the census. I Attorney General of the United States in the law. should like to have him find out why they to say to an alien: So I say to the Senator from Rhode Is established 1920 as the population year. Ten years ago, 5 years ago, or 6 months land that I am afraid the Supreme Court They are unwilling to establish 1920 for ago you had a thought which was prejudicial would have to interpret very simply and the purpose of grants-in-aid to States. to the interest of the United States. How very directly the language used in this If we are to use 1920 for immigration do I know? None of your business. You bill; and what has been stated is what purposes, perhaps we should use the didn't tell anybody. You didn't write it the bill provides. same year for the distribution of Fed to anybody. However, I have a way of read Mr. PASTORE. I know that is what eral gifts to the States. ing your mind. You had a thought which the bill provides. I am simply trying to was prejudicial to the interest of the United Mr. PASTORE. Or for the purpose of States, and I am going to put you on a boat say to the Senator from Connecticut inducti0ns into the United States Army. and send you away. who I hope does not misunderstand me, Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes. Perhaps even because I hasten to add that I realize for allocating Representatives, or for Mr. President, I could not believe my that he reads the bill correctly-that I purposes incident to other aspects of our eyes when I saw that provision in the think the Supreme Court would find a Government. bill. But it seems to be there. I should way by which to override such a pro Then I should like to have the Senator like to have it explained. If the Senate vision of law, even if in order to do so from Rhode Island press upon the pro votes for a bill which contains that pro the Court had to read every law book ponents of the bill the question of what vision, we will have a lot of explaining and every decision ever written in our justification they have for a continuation to do to the people of the United States. land. I believe that, if necessary, the of the discriminatory policies of the 1920 Mr. PASTORE. I thank the Senator Supreme Court would even go that far act on the basis of quotas which refer .to from Connecticut. What he has said is in order to arrive at a basis for over particular countries. I should like to absolutely correct. That provision is in riding or overruling such a stupid legal have the Senator from Rhode Island ask the McCarran bill. The argument will provision. After all, Mr. President, the proponents of the bill whether it is be made that once a person is appre imagine the situation in our land if we fair and equitable to the people of South hended he will have the right of habeas had a law which provided that because a and Southeast Europe. corpus. However, we know what chance person did not think along what we re Mr. PASTORE. I am covering that a little fellow has of going through that gard as the correct line, he should be point in my statement. procedure and what his chances would deported. Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will be in a situation such as that. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the the Senator from Rhode Island yield? Mr. McMAHON. Mr. Pr~sident, if Senator from Rhode Island yield to me? Mr. PASTORE. I yield. the Senator from Rhode Island will per The PRESIDING OFFICER C25), which, for not because an official of the Government method of extending clemency in worthy purposes of immigration, :)bolish~s the bas decided that they would be useful, cases now within the discretion of the present exemption from literacy require but because conditions in their native Attorney General. ments accorded the victims of foreign lands have become intolerable or dis The practice under existing law is to religious persecutions, and also accorded tasteful. Such ordinary professors, un examine an otherwise deportable immi close relatives of legally admitted aliens der S. 2550, would have to wait their turn grant, who wishes to remain, to deter and citizens of the United States. The as ordinary quota immigrants. The fact mine ·the merit of his request, and if such proposed restrictions would adversely af that admission of educators under a preexamination is favorable to the alien, fect only our friends, those who have preference would, in any event, postpone he may then go to Canada and there ties in the United States and look to us the entry of other worthy immigrants is, obtain a visa from the American consul for sympathy because they are being presumably, beneath notice. for reentry as an ordinary immigrant. bounded in totalitarian lands. At this These three sections which I have At this time I do not wish to debate time, when we are seeking to assist op mentioned are but a few of the provisions the desirablity of these objectives, ex pressed peoples throughout the world, of S. 2550 which would prevent the ad cept to mention my grave doubts as to I do not understand why we are asked mission of immigrants who would be the wisdom of eliminating preexamina to eliminate a provision which is founded particularly valuable additions to our tion procedures. I do wish, however, to upon a noble and wholesome humani population. The harmful effects such eall the attention of the Senate to the tarian philosophy. restrictions would have upon American effect of the section, as presently word A third major provision of S. 2550, unity, upon the national economy, and ed, upon an entirely different problem in which I believe worthy of condemnation, upon the role of the United States as the the immigration field. is section 101 (a) (26) , which drops moral leader of the world can readily be Briefly stated, section 222 (a) auto college and university professors from predicted. If nothing else, enlightened matically would bar a refugee from a to the class of nonquota immigrants. self-interest demands that the proposed talitarian nation, who had fled or been Actually, the educators who have chosen provisions be wholly rejected. fo1·ced to flee his homeland, from ap America as their home have made inval I could go on and on taking apart plying for admission into the United uable contributions to our national econ many other sections in the bill which States. A short illustration will demon omy and culture; indeed, without them I believe would have an over-all harm strate the validity of this point. Mr. A, we would nevei: have been able to achieve ful etfect. But to me the distribution an active anti-Communist living behind the tremendous advances in technology of quotas under the Immigration Act of the iron curtain, is anxious to come to which have characterized our produc 1924, as continued in effect by the America. To apply for a visa in his tion in recent years. When we strive by pending bill, is a shocking display of native Prague would mean almost cer selective immigration to increase Amer a discredited theory of racial superior tain death, so Mr. A escapes to Paris. ican strength, we should not erect new ity. I respectfully submit that if we are Under the proposed provision, however, barriers against those who could do most to tinker at all with our present immi this action would leave him worse off to a·ccomplish that end. gration laws, then one of our primary than before, since he no longer could file Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the objectives should be to erase that ob his papers in the distr"ct of his resi Senr.tor yield? vious blot upon our national shield as dence. It will be argued, I assume, that Mr. PASTORE. I yield. quickly as possible. Yet, despite the this construction would be an unreason Mr. LEHMAN. As I understand, a gross injustices of its provisions, S. 2550 able interpretation of the language of professor can now come in to the United would make no material change in the the section. In response to such a con States regardless of quota restrictions; operation of the 1924 statute. tention, I assert that if an alien from the but under the McCarran bill he would Ostensibly, the 1924 Quota Act had as United states cannot quickly establish have to come in under the quota, as the its sole purpose the reduction of immi a residence in Canada for purposes of Senator has already stated. gration to a point consonant with the readmission, then a refugee from Prague The McCarran bill goes further and ability of the United States to absorb is similarly restricted in establishment recites that he may not come in unless this new population. If such control of a residence in Paris. This thesis finds he proves that he is a man of excep over admissions were the only real goal, · ample support in the proposed definition tional ability whose services are urgently however, it seems logical to me that a of "residence" in section 101 (33) as needed for the welfare of the United study of either recent or all immigration one's "principal, actual dwelling place in States. That would certainly bar a great statistics would have been made and an fact, without regard to intent." many physicists and others who have across-the-board cut upon the figures In place of the present preexamina helped so much in developing our pre so determined would have been the tion techniques, section 245 of S. 2550 paredness program. But also it would technique upon which immigration substitutes a procedure known as "ad seem to me to bar a great many persons quotas were fixed. Such a formula, or justment of status" which drastically who have great value in the humanities any modified version thereof, would have curtails the authority of the Attorney and the classics. Under that provision I reflected the then current pattern of General to grant relief in deserving cases. wonder how a professor of Italian litera entry for each nationality group, and Where pre-examination is available to ture could qualify, or a professor of would have given appropriate weight to aliens who did not legally enter as non Greek, or of art. Probably they could not the influx of settlers from areas which immigrants or who lost their non- prove that they were urgently needed, had not made substantial contributions 5170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE early in our history, but whose contri in the history of art, and one of the base and the fact that we have the pref butions were constantly on the increase. great architects. Leonardo was a great erence clause system in the use of the This procedure, of course, would have painter who also tried his hand at sculp immigration quotas, is it not true that resulted in relatively large quotas for ture. He was also a great scientist and we are literally locking the door· upon the peoples from southern Europe and engineer. In the world of art great those who would seek entrance and who consequently was completely intolerable achievements were made in the period of are so devoted to freedom that they have to the racially biased framers of the 1924 the Hennaissance by Italian painters, taken their very lives into their hands in act. Instead of an equitable quota sys Italian sculptors, and Italian architects. order to seek freedom? Yet we im tem, based upon actual prior immigra One of the greatest literary men of all measurably block the gates to their tion figures, therefore, the draftsmen time was Dante. Then there were Boc entrance into the United States. instituted a formula based upon the caccio and Ariosto, and the other great Mr. PASTORE. My distinguished composition of the American population Italians. colleague is absolutely correct. at the arbitrary cut-off date of 1920, The Italian people have a heritage as Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I which, in effect, placed severe restric great as that of the English people. wish to pursue this thought a little tions upon immigration from southern, The blood of Michelangelo, of Leonardo further. central, and eastern Europe in favor of and of Dante still flows in Italian veins. I heard the very eloquent words and the countries in the northern and west Greek art was perhaps superior to Italian accurate description of the greatness of ern portions of that Continent. As a few art, and the philosophers of Greece, the Italian people, the Greek people, and comparative figures will illustrate, this Plato and Aristotle; and the tragic the other people who made great con formula took into account not only how playwrights of Greece, Aeschylus, tributions to the culture of the world. many individuals from a particular na Sophocles, and Euripedes, set a standard Let me bring this point down to a paro tionality group had ever entered the in literature which certainly has never chial level. In the northern area of my United States, but also how long those been surpassed. That blood has not state of Minnesota are the great iron individuals or their descendants had stopped :flowing. That blood still flows mines. Iron ore comes from the great been in this country, thus objectively in the Greek people today. Mesabi, Cayuna, and Vermilion iron-ore discriminating against those who were Therefore, without being self-con ranges. Nearly 90 percent of the iron ore newcomers. scious about this matter I am proud to upon which our industrial establishments In the period from 1789 to 1924, for pay tribute to the simple fact that the depend comes from those mines. The example, Great Britain sent to this people of southern and southeastern men who go into those pits come from country no more than 7,000,000 immi Europe are as fine as there are on the Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and grants. For this contribution, that na face of this globe. They have· made a Rumania. They are Slavic people. They tion was accorded 65,721 quota numbers, splendid contribution to America as constitute in a way small united na of which, incidentally, it uses merely a their circumstances, the time they have fraction. In the same period, Italy sent tions. Thirty-nine different racial been here, and the difficulties under groups live in St. Louis County alone. to this country approximately 4,400,000 which they have labored have all made immigrants; yet, for this great contri There are people of Finnish extraction, possible. as well as of Norwegian, English, Span bution that nation was accorded only Mr. PASTORE. Does not the Senator 5,802 quota numbers, for which, I might ish, Portuguese, and French extraction. from Illinois agree with me that we They are all there. We have Negroes add, there has always been a heavy de- should recognize the wrong that was mand. · and Indians. There are also Moslems. done by the adoption as a basis of the As I say, it is a little world unto itself. At this point let me say parentheti Census of 1920? At the time it may cally that I hope the sponsors of the I want the RECORD in the Senate to be have been necessary to use the 1920 absolutely clear that as parents, many McCarran bill will ascertain how the de census. Perhaps when the law was writ scendants of those immigrants compare of them first generation Americans, ten in 1924 all Congress could go by was those men have contributed to America with the number who were in the Ameri the 1920 census, but here we are writing can Army in the last World War, and some of the finest sons and daughters a law in 1951. By deliberately readopt this great country has ever known. how many of those boys were the sons ing the Census of 1920 we are insulting of Italian immigrants. I should like my colleagues to know the boys of the racial stocks of which we that a greater percentage of the sons M.;:. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will talk who wore the American uniform and the Senator yield for a question? and daughters of these immigrants from lie today under white crosses in some south and southeast Europe go forward Mr. PASTORE. I yield. American cemetery. If we did nothing Mr. DOUGLAS. If the Senator will and obtain university educations and else we ought to remove that horrible enter professional life than from any permit me, I should like to give a little connotation that is being perpetrated personal testimony on this point. One other stock in our State. These people can never be quite certain about one's by this bill. seek a better life. They build good ancestors; but so far as I can tell, my Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will schools and have fine homes. They people came to this country in 1700. So the Senator yield? build beautiful churches and cathedrals far as I can trace my genealogy, there Mr. PASTORE. I yield. and synagogues. They are good citizens. is not a drop of blood in my veins that is Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator is I cannot understand how anyone in not English, Scotch, or Scotch-Irish. making the point that because of the good common sense can write an immi I grew up in a Yankee community, census basis being 1920 for immigration gration bill which in the face of where the only person who was not a purposes there is discrimination against that demonostrable evidence and living Yankee was a fruit dealer. I went to a immigration by southern and southeast testimony-not theory-discriminates college where I think 95 percent of the ern European stock to the United States. against such people, against their blood students were Yankees. I then went to I think that is documented by statistical and against their stock and national the city of New York and did graduate evidence which the Senator has placed origm. It does not make any sense. work, following which I went to Chicago. in the RECORD. There is plenty of room in this country I then became acquainted with the pop Is it not correct to say that some coun for more Italians. There is plenty of ulations of southern and eastern Europe. tries, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Rou room for more Greeks. There is plenty I am proud of my own ancestry, but let mania, and Czechoslovakia, are behind of room for more Hungarians, Austrians, me say that these other groups are as the iron curtain? Is it not also correct Bulgarians, and Rumanians. There is fine American citizens as the old Yankee to say that the real liberty-loving people plenty of room for them if they make stock. and the most passionately liberty-loving good citizens and work in behalf of As I grew older I became acquainted people have gotten qut of those countries, themselves and a new country. with the history, traditions, and achieve have moved across the borders and are I would ask the authors of the pending menta of the Italian people. Probably known as expellees or refugees, and are immigration bill to go to the great Statue the greatest genius who ever lived was now seeking entrance into the haven of of Liberty and look at its extending, wel Michelangelo. Next to him was Leo freedom which is the United States as coming arms. I would ask them to read nardo da Vinci. Michelangelo was the well as other countries? By reason of the plaque on the base of the statue. most breath-taking painter and sculptor the fact that we are utilizing the 192-0 The words were written by an immt- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5171 grant, Emma Lazarus. The plaque ation of the quota system based on na Mr. PASTORE. I cannot answer that, reads: tional origin is as out of balance as a but it should speak for itself. Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp! ping-pong ball measured against a steel Mr. HUMPHREY. Would it be logi Cries she ingot. cal, I may ask the Senator, in view of the With silent lips, "Give me your tired, your I do not ask that the entire national statement in the views of the minority poor, origins quota system be repealed. I do that "the importance of this legislation Your huddled masses yearning to breathe request, however, contrary to the pro certainly merited a section-by-section free. visions of S. 2550, that we take imme The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. discussion by the committee before final Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me. diate steps to rectify the injustices which committee action," to say that I am cor I lift my lamp beside the golden door! it has fostered. One method of so act rect in deducing that there was no such ing would be adoption of the plan for section-by-section analysis? Mr. President, we do not mean it any pooled quotas, which I have already Mr. PASTORE. I should say so. more, apparently. If we do mean it, mentioned. A second alternative, Mr. HUMPHREY. I may remind the we are not codifying it into law. We though of lesser efiect, would be to distinguished chairman of the commit are saying in efiect: "Take the trip if modernize our law by substituting the tee that last night I read the minority you want to, but we will send you back. 1950 census for that of 1920 as the base views twice. I have had that privilege, You are not welcome. We welcome only for the computation of nationality quo since I understood that I, too, was a few elite." tas. To retain the 1920 census base, as brought in as one of the nonreaders. I Mr. President, there is no such thing the proposed legislation does, is to dis have also had the distinction of having as the elite. There is no privilege, ex criminate against those nationality read the document known as S. 2550, cept the privilege of ability, not privi groups whose proportionate contribution which is, of course, supposed to simplify lege of race or national origin. The to our population has increased during the immigration laws and to codify sooner we get rid of the nonsensical, out the past 30 years. them. If, however, it is an example of moded, and aristocratic notion that Again I refer to the remarks of the simplification, then I may say that a some blood is better than other blood, four dissenting members of the Com cross-word puzzle would be but a straight that some skin is better than other skin, mittee on the Judiciary in stating: line. So we may set the record we will be better ofI. That is the curse When it is understood that recent immi straight, I have also had the privilege of of this generation, and it is driving us to gration has reflected (a) love of freedom on . reading the majority report. a very unfortunate position in world the part of the alien, and (b) forces of op Finally, I ask the Senator from Rhode afiairs. pression or intolerable economic pressure in Island whether he feels that organiza Mr. PASTORE. I thank the Senator. the country involved. the implications of the tions such as the National Council of Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will discrimination must soon become apparent. To discriminate against the immigrants o:t: Catholic Women, the War Relief Serv the Senator from Rhode Island yield? the past 30 years, at a time when we are bat ices, National Catholic Welfare Confer Mr. PASTORE. I yield. tling to win the minds and hearts of the ence, the National Council of Catholic Mr. LEHMAN. The Senator, no peoples of Europe, ls to ignore our friends, Charities, the National Council of Jewish doubt, will emphasize the fact that in to help our enemies, and to intensify popu Women, the Order of the Sons of Italy proposing to use unused quotas, we are lation pressures and resentments that en in America, the American Jewish Com not minimizing or belittling the very danger the peace. mittee, and a dozen or more other out great contributions that have been made Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will standing citizens' committees who have ro liIDS counliry oy angio-.::,axon :si.ocK. the S-enafiir-Y!ei-cr at--tliat ~i>mnt? -·--·- opposed major aspects of the McCarran We never fail to express our deep sense Mr. PASTORE. I yield. bill may have read it and that their of gratitude toward that contribution. Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator from reading of it may be the basis of their In our bill we are not in any way reduc Rhode Island makes reference to the opposition? ing the number of that stock that may minority views of the Committee on the Mr. PASTORE. Again, I cannot speak come into the United States. As some Judiciary. Is that correct? for them, but I should assume that they one has so well said this afternoon, our Mr. PASTORE. That is correct. have read it. invitation to Great Britain and Northern Mr HUMPHREY. Am I correct in Mr. HUMPHREY. At least, if they Ireland to send 65,000 people still re my understanding that there were four have not read it to the satisfaction of mains. The invitation is a hearty one; it members of the Judiciary Committee certain of the committee members, they comes from the depths of our souls. We who signed the minority views? have read it to the satisfaction of them want that immigration. All we are say Mr. PASTORE. That is correct; and selves that they found something wrong ing is, "If you do not accept our invita three of them were of the majority with it. tion to come to our country, let us issue party. Mr. PASTORE. Knowing of the char that invitation to people of other stocks, Mr. HUMPHREY. Am I correct in my people from Italy, Greece, and other acter and integrity of the organizations understanding that those who signed the mentioned by the distinguished Senator countries of southern or eastern Europe." minority views vigorously opposed the We are not in any way proposing to from Minnesota, I know that before they passage of Senate bill 2550? would make any comment regarding reduce the number of persons who can Mr. PASTORE. Precisely; and upon legislation pending in the Congress of enter the United States from England or more or less the same grounds we are the United States,.they, of course, would from Northern Ireland, but we are sim giving this afternoon. ply saying to them, "If you do not ac not only read the proposed legislation, Mr. HUMPHREY. Since everybody but would study it thoroughly. cept, for reasons which may seem to you seems to be under suspicion nowadays to be sound, and which probably are Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will sound, our invitation to enter the United as to whether he has read this docu the Senator from Rhode Island yield for states, let us issue that invitation to ment, would one be fair in assuming but one further observation? other peoples." that the four members of the Judiciary Mr. PASTORE. I yield. uld go on in this bill, noted below, which are violative of civil think it would be very enlightening for way and read all 302 pages of the bill, liberties and need to be amended before the all of us, in the study of this immigration Mr. President. Of course, it is diffi.cult McCarran and Walter bill can be acceptable. to understand because it is filled with 1. Statute of limitations: Those provisions bill, as to which I intend on the morrow eliminating the operation of the statute of to make a much more detailed statement, cross-references. It is filled with refer llmitations (operative previously to grounds carefully to read the minority views of ences to laws passed since the beginning for deportation which would have been members of the Judiciary Committee as of the Republic, and I submit it is not grounds for exclusion) violate civil liberties. _expressed under the· authorship of the what we might call a simplification of The ACLU opposes the failure to continue Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER], immigration laws. It may be a codifica and broaden-the coverage of the statute of the Senator from Washington [Mr. MAG tion of immigration laws, but surely it is limitations. NUSON], the Senator from West Virginia not a simplification or modernization. 2. Arrests and interrogations: Section 287, If I were to go through it page by page, insofar as it merely permits searches of mov [Mr. Kn.GORE], and the Senator from ing autos without warrants, does not present North Dakota [Mr. LANGER]. it wotild sound as if one were reading a civil liberties issue; but subsection (a) ( 1), These members of the committee have mumbo-jumbo. I realize that the legal permitting interrogation of any alien or per brought to our attention the same argu language of a statute is not always un son believed to be an .alien, should be op ments which were used today by the Sen derstandable, but it appears to me that posed, because it is so obscure as to possibly ator from Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE] a law can be written in such terms as permit arrest or detention without warrant and which I know have been used by the can be understood by reasonably intel or without probable cause. ligent human beings. The legal com 3. Revocation of naturalization: The pres junior Senator from Connecticut [Mr. ent law permits such revocation for fraud; BENTON], the senior Senator from Con plexities of this document are such as to S.ection 340 (a) permits it for "concealment necticut [Mr. McMAHON], and the Sena test the intellectual fiber and the source of a material fact or by willful misrepresen tor from Illinois [Mr. DoUGLAsl. of learning of the most capable immigra tation." The broadening is improper be One of the points made by the views tion lawyer on the face of the earth. cause it is retroactive instead of merely pros- It is not easy to understand-and I do pective. _ of the minority is that the McCarran bill does not correct many existing defects not say that I know the "ins" and "outs" 4. Proceeding for declaration of national of every line of the bill-but I submit ity: While a citizen abroad whose nationality in our immigration laws and that many ls questioned may now come to the United that there are a number of provisions of its new provisions run counter to our which are obviously and openly wrong States and sue for a certificate of nationality democratic traditions of justice and and is at large pending determination of and weak within the legislative structure the suit, Section 360 would treat him as alien, equity. of the bill which necessitate its recom subject to exclusion or admission on terms I think the debate must be clarified. mittal and necessitate the revision of the laid down by the Attorney General. This We are not debating any substitute bill bill in light of the evidence which has provision violates civil liberties as it would or any item of legislation other than been brought forth. mean exclusion of possible citizens without even a hearing being held on the exclusion. Senate bill 2550. The bill has been re Mr. President, I do not believe it would 5. Denaturalization upon adjustment of ferred to repeatedly by title, number, be wrong to say that the organizations status: Section 246 (b) pe•·mits dena ~ ural- and authorship. which have opposed this measure are 5180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 14· accredited, responsible, reputable organ I do not think the burden of proof U. S. 33) , and would endorse the practice of izations of American public opinion, and rests entirely upon those of us who are prosecutors serving as judges in immigration cases. But it would go even further in a good, representative cross-section of opposed to this measure. I suggest to emasculating judicial review of oppressive the American people. These organiza the members of the Committee on the administrative acts. This it would do by tions, people, and individuals have been Judiciary that, whei1 a bill is presented to making the test of exclusion or deportat ion referred to throughout the debate. this body, the least we should be per not the issue of whether the immigrant has I read the RECORD of the debate of mitted to have is a section-by-section done something wrong, bu t the issue of yesterday, and I know that considerable analysis of the bill, which we have not whether some bureau official is "satisfied" or reference has been made to the fact that had, in terms of debate. I suggest that "has reason to believe" that he is innocent of those who opposed the McCarran bill this measure, complicated as it is, re or guilt y. at least one was the Daily Worker. quires most painstaking, careful anal Mr. President, I want the RECORD to Mr. President, what the Daily Worker ysis, because we are considering placing be clear. I have read this excerpt from does is its own business. Frankly, I have into the public statutes a complete re the minority views, which are signed by been so busy studying the intricacies of evaluation, restatement, and rewriting of the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE the McCarran bill that I have not had the immigration laws. FAUVER], the Senator from Washington time to read the Daily Worker. Fur Mr. President, I further suggest that [Mr. MAGNUSON], the Senator from thermore, I must say, with equal can when eminent constitutional lawyers in West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE]' and the dor, that the Daily Worker is not on certain organizations, which have made Senator from North Dakota [Mr. LAN my reading list. I find there are much it their life work to def end certain prin GER], who of course, are members of the more enjoyable and informative publi ciples of civil liberty, have taken a posi Committee on the Judiciary. Those cations to read. Moreover, I think that tion in sharp opposition to and have members of that committee say .that reading the Daily Worker might remove made strong criticism of the pending this proposed act "invalidates or emas my sense of objectivity, so I prefer not measure, we would do well to hear their culates the application of the Adminis to read that document of distortion; I words and at least give careful consid trative Procedures Act to immigration leave it to others. eration to their objections. Because of and deportation cases at many points." Whether the Daily Worker is for or that view, there are -Senators who feel Those are J}Ot my words, but I concur in against the McCarran bill, I have not the bill should be returned to the com that judgment, after analysis of this bill. the slightest idea, but I shall take the mittee. There are Senators who believe I submit that when minority views word of those who say the Daily Worker it should not be passed. There are signed by 4 members of a committee is opposed to the McCarran bill. I do Senators who have offered a substitute make such a statement, it surely is not know, however, because I have had let measure, which was referred to by mi so patent, obvious, and clear that every ters and communications from them, nority members of the Committee on the body is just "ducky" and happy about that the American Bar Association Com Judiciary. We have asked that the this bill, and that it ought to go through mittee on Aliens and Naturalization is pending measure be completely re the Senate quickly without full explana vigorously opposed to portions of S. written and brought up to modern stand tion, without a section by section analy 2550. I know that they oppose those ards in light of evidence and informa sis of its contents and meaning. It is for portions which have emasculated the tion which has been presented and can that purpose that we have engaged in Administrative Procedures Act, and have be presented to the committee. this debate. denied due process of law, known as I shall quote from page 7 of the min I :1ave other editorials which I wish to hearing and review. ority views, because I think it bears bring to the attention of my colleagues. I also know that the American branch careful examination. I should like to I do not have them with me at the mo of international social service is op note the fact that the minority members ment, so I shall present them tomorrow. posed to this bill, or portions of it. of the Committee on the Judiciary had One other editorial I desire to pre I also know that the American Civil this to say: sent is one from the New York Times Liberties Union opposes this bill, and Among the primary safeguards of our entitled "The New Immigration Bill." that the American Federation of Inter American way of life is the doctrine of omcial I believe that editorial, along with oth national Institutes, the American Friends responsibility, the principle that Govern ers which have been brought to the at Service Committee, the American Jewish ment omcials are servants and not moasters, tention of the Senate, will surely indi and that it is more important for the people Congress, the Americans for Democratic to scrutinize the conduct of officials than it cate that this measure needs to be re Action, the Anti-Defamation League of is for omcials to scrutinize the lives of the committed and given further study. B'nai B'rith, the Association of Immi people. From this it follows that some form Mr. President, I send to the desk the gration and Nationality Lawyers oppose of judicial protection shall always be open editorials and letters which I have read. at least portions of Senate bill 2550, and, to the victims of injustice, even if the in May I ask that those who are propo in many instances, the whole of it. justice is committed by persons in powerful nents of the bill give us the courtesy of I also know that the National Catholic positions. reading those editorials and giving an To guarantee this judicial check upon the Rural Life Conference went on record in widened discretion of executive omcials, our answer? I should like to have them give opposition to portions of this bill. Senate Judiciary Committee propose·d and an answer particularly to Right Rev. I know that the National Council of the Congress adopted the Administrative Monsignor John O'Grady, who wrote an Jewish Women went on record as being Procedure Act of June 11, 1946, which, as article entitled "Crusade for a Christian opposed to substantial portions of Sen the committee chairman, Senator PAT Mc and Democratic Attitude Towards Im ate bill 2550. CARRAN, said at that time, was "a strongly migration." I think a man of such dis I know that the National Catholic moarked, long sought, and widely heralded tinction. and known by every Member of advance in democratic government." Welfare Conference, the National Coun At the time of its consideration, before Congress, is worthy of a reply. I feel cil on Naturalization and Citizenship, our committee, almost every bureau sought sure he would not write an article or the Order of the Sons of Italy in Amer a special exemption from · the act. In sup editorial such as this one unless he felt ica, the Synagogue Council of America, port of such exemption they claimed that the deeply, from his own convictions, that the Union of American Hebrew Congre rules of fair play which that act laid down the pending measure was a violation of gations, the Young Women's Christian especially the rule that a prosecutor should the ethical and moral principles for Association, as well as the United Service not be a judge in his own case-would seri which he and his great church stand. I ously upset their established practices and for New Americans, and others are op that it would cost millions of dollars to ad do not believe we can ignore this kind of posed to the McCarran bill. just their procedures to such standards of criticism and objection. Again, editorials in the Washington simple fairness. We rejected these appeals. I ask those who are proponents of the Post and the New York Times have ex We refused to junk our American way of bill to read the splendid address by the pressed opposition to this measure. Edi checks and balances for some cheaper form Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. PAS torials from other leading newspapers of executive goverm:nent. TORE], and see if they can justify the bill throughout the country have pointed out S. 2550 invalidates or emasculates the ap in view of his statements. Had the plication of the Administrative Procedure the very weaknesses in Senate bill 2550, Act to immigration and deportation cases at chairman of the Committee on the Judi which the Senator from New York so many points. In effect it would make perma ciary been here and heard the moving brilliantly pointed out, and which the nent law of an appropriation rider overruling address by the Senator from Rhode Senator from Rhode Island this after the decision of the United States Supreme Island, I think he would have agreed noon so ably discussed. Court :i.n Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath (339 with me that here was a United States 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5181 Senato:r who had a just grievance, a just Senate regarding the power of the On April 22, in my speech on the steel complaint, against what he believed was President of the United States in the seizure, I said, under the subheading unjust, unworthy legislation. He asked seizure of private property. "The best interests of labor," page 4194: questions. He asked why the date 1920 Today I should like to touch brie:tly Involved in the matter of seizure of the was selected for the census. He asked, on another aspect of seizure and then steel plants are two vast groups of Ameri "Why not 1950 for the date of the cen refer back to a part of my speech of can citizens, one composed of the thousands sus?" He asked why people were being April 22. of workers in the plants; the other of the discriminated against, why there should It will be recalled by the Members thousands of Americans whose savings are be limitations on quotas with respect to of the Senate that on August 27, 1950, invested to greater or less degree in shares people from Italy and people from the of the various steel companies. the President issued an order, "provid Not less important than the rights of Balkan countries and from Greece. ing for taking over the country's rail even these two especially interesting groups I believe that our distinguished col roads" that day to prevent a Nation-wide are the interests of the great mass of Ameri league from Rhode Island has a right to strike which had been set to begin at can citizens whose national security, whose ask such questions. He pointed out that 6 o'clock the following morning. employment, whose everyday lives and con the men who have served this country In seizing the railroads the President veniences are inseparably connected with and served it well had not been called quoted in his executive order that he the proper functioning of the steel industry. upon to serve on the basis of the rela was taking control "by virtue of the AB one who believes very definitely that the basis of American prosperity is in the tionship of the number of persons of ·power and authority vested in me by prosperity of its working people, I submit their nationality to the total population. the Constitution and the laws of the respectfully that the interests of these em We do not call up men under selective United States, including the act of Au ployees are served by private rather than service on that basis. We call them up gust 29, 1916, 39 Stat. 619, 645." public ownership or operation of any indus on the basis of certain credentials and The President thereby exercised the try. The mirage of immediate added bene physical fitness. power specifically granted to him to fits, which the steel-plant employees may re To my mind the Senator from Rhode seize the railroads in time of war. ceive after Government seizure, is a tempt Island made one of the most powerful ing bait for public support of Government With the taking of effect of the Jap action to back the seizure. Not all labor speeches in terms of the inequities of the anese Peace Treaty the war powers of leaders are col'lvinced that the lot of their ·pending bill that will ever be made on the President would have ended and membership will be improved under Gov this particular measure. consequently the seizure of the railroads ernment, however, just as some labor lead I also ask the proponents of Senate would no longer have been clothed with ers and workers in the field of public power bill 2550 to give an analysis of the argu legal authority. In response to a request have been disillusioned by their experience ments of the Senator from Connecticut from the President the Congress ex- · under Government operation and direction. [Mr. BENTON]. The Senator from Con tended these emergency powers until At the time I delivered that speech necticut read a list of all the organiza June 1, 1952, pending approval of a reso there was no indication that railroad tions which were opposed to the pend lution now before the Congress which labor was about to take the important ing measure, and a list of those which would give him a further extension of action which is not a matter of record. were supporting the Humphrey-Lehman his war powers. However, their action in appearing be bill, which is now before the Judiciary Until the last few days it has not been fore the Supreme Court in the present Committee. I cannot believe that we in contended that the Presidential seizure proceedings is indicative of the possible the Senate are going to ignore the over of railroads was illegal or unlawful, but, danger to labor's interest which I con whelming demonstration of opposition. just recently certain railroad brother tended are ever-present when unrestrict I should like to find a similar list of or hoods petitioned the Supreme Court of ed governmental authority .is exercised. ganizations in support of the McCarran the United States for the right to be bill. We have pointed out the organiza heard against seizure in the same pro tions which are against it. I should like ceedings that had been set to hear the COLUMBIA BASIN WATER FESTI to have the proponents of the bill come argument of opposing counsel in the VAL-DONALD D. DUNN forward and tell us who asked for the steel-seizure case. Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, this month bill. I should like to have them justify A significant fact is that two of the the bill section by section, and state the eyes of the reclamation world are on railroad brotherhoods which have peti what Stewart Holbrook, one of the great ·what people or what groups asked for tioned the Supreme Court are the ones each section. I should like to hear a Western writers, refers to as "The Far which on August 23, 1950-4 days before Corner." Mr. Holbrook, in this title to justification for the removal of the right the President issued his Executive order of hearing, and for the removal of the his latest book, refers to the great Pa for the seizure of the railroads-made cific Northwest, which includes the State right of appeal from the action of a con the following statement is a release which sul. I should like to hear the justifica in the very furthermost northwest cor had been issued from their headquar ner of this Nation, my own State of tion for one provision after another. ters from the Hotel Willard here in I should like to have the chairman of Washington. Washington: Attention is focused on Washington the Judiciary Committee tell me why On August 4, when it became obvious the fourth amendment should be, for all State this month because the greatest · that the rallroads were using the inter celebration in its history is taking place practical purposes, invalidated. The national crisis to force acceptance without fourth amendment provides that the any modifications or compromise whatever there. It is the great Columbia Basin Congress shall pass no law abridging of the unacceptable recommendations of Water Festival, which will open at Pasco, certain rights. One of those rights is the Emergency Board, the brotherhood !)res Wash., the extreme southern end of that there shall be no search or seizure idents wired the President of the United the Columbia Basin project, on May 22, without a warrant. Yet under the terms States respectfully recommending, "that our and travel 150 miles from city to city, of the pending bill search and seizure Government take possession of and operate town to town, for 10 days, ending at the the railroads in the United States in the great Grand Coulee Dam, the northern without a warrant are permitted if there national interest and to avert a potential is reason to believe that an illegal en terminus of the pro)ect, where the final substantial interruption in essential rail 1. trant or an undesirable alien is being road transportation." celebration will take place on June harbored in a· vehicle or conveyance. I Mr. President, I want to compliment think that is going pretty far. It is not to be understood that I find Mr. Donald D. Dunn, now of Yakima, Those are some of the 1."easons why we any fault with the railroad brotherhoods, Wash., formerly of the splendid State have insisted that this measure be re because I am convinced that what they of Kansas. It was Mr. Dunn, a vet committed. are now doing is deemed by them to be eran of World War II, who, after the in the best interests of the great num most painstaking screening, was selected ber of workers whom they represent. as the most deserving veteran, by the THE POWER OF THE PRESIDENT IN But the point I am stressing is that their VFW, to receive, as a gift from the people THE SEIZURE OF PRIVATE PROP action is significant, especially because of the State of Washington, a fully ERTY it has been brought ~bout after realiza equipped, 120-acre farm as part of the tion by the brotherhoods that there are coming celebration in my State. The Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, on grave dangers in the exercise of unlimited farm is situated near Moses Lake in the April 22, I took occasion to address the Presidential powers. Columbia River Basin, and is a part of 5182 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- SENATE May 14 the land which will benefit from the irri from Washington has read, the author comprise the Columbfa River reclama gation project which will come into op of the Reclamation Act, which gave rise tion project will eventually repay 75 per eration this month. Mr. and Mrs. Dunn, to all of the fine development which has cent of the total project-construction already the parents of two girls, 5 and 8, taken place in impounding the waters cost. The remainder will be repaid to expect a new baby which is due to ar: and reclaiming the land, was the former the United States Treasury by the set rive the last of May, perhaps on the day Senator from Nevada, Francis G. New tlers themselves, making the Columbia Mr. Dunn will formally accept his new lands, who so ably represented the State Basin project a self-supporting enter farm from the peopfo of my State of of Nevada and the Nation for many prise, which, in turn, will contribute mil Washington. years in the Senate. lions of dollars in crop and other bene I may point out that this fine young Mr. CAIN. I feel that the Senator fits to national prosperity. When fin American, Mr. Dunn, was a very suc from Nevada has complimented his State ished, there will be under irrigation a cessful farmer in Kansas, where every and properly acknowledged the author million acres of land-an area almost thing he had taken years to build was ship of the bill to which reference was the size of Delaware. destroyed by a :flood some months ago. made in a general way i>y the comment Mr. President, on September 9, 1933, His name was offered for this contest. I have read from the late President of Mr. Frank Banks, Reclamation Bureau Some 15,000 applications were examined the United States, Theodore Roosevelt. supervising engineer, .drove the stakes by the Veterans of Foreign Wars.· It I express my appreciation to my friend for the axis of the Grand Coulee Dam, must be a very considerable compliment from Nevada for his interruption. marking the first step in the great Co to the future possibilities of young Mr. Since that time, 50 years ago, valiant lumbia River Basin project. To him, Dunn that he and his grand young fam men, who had imagination, courage, and who stayed on the job at Grand Coulee ily were selected to receive this farm with the will to make a dream come true, have until his very recent retirement, goes the very best wishes of all the citizens worked relentlessly for the reclamation much of the credit for the progress, dur of the State of Washington. of the waste lands accessible to irriga ing the ensuing years, of the tremendous This morning, Mr. William E. Welch, tion from the Columbia River and its const1uction program. He worked har secretary to the Reclamation Associa tributaries. mortiously and effectively with the many tion, presented the expectant father, for Working at their side and giving them interests concerned. He was respected his baby, a full-sized shovel with a unremitting support was the press of the and liked by everyone. I understand golden blade. In addition, to learn on, State. To these ·worthy members of the that his successor, Mr. A. L. Dowling, is he received another shovel, a tiny one, fourth estate must be attributed also equally popular and is Iiving up to the also gold, designed for effective use in a much of he credit for the success of this high example set by his able predecessor. sandpile. Then, just in case Mr. and great project. · It is my hope that the Columbia Basin Mrs. Dunn do not deviate from their A p;i.rt, and a very large and important celebration will attract persons not only habit of producing girls, a baby-sized part, in the success of the efforts of these from all over my home State an:i those golden knife, fork, and spoon were pre men of my home State of Washington States adjacent to it, but from all over sented to Mr. Dunn. · is to be attributed to the vital part many the country. Those who do attend will Mr. Dunn has a splendid record as a of them played in explaining to the Con never forget what they wm have seeQ. soldier and a fine record as a farmer, a gress of the United States the need for I hope, too, that as many of my col father, and a man. I ·salute him now reclamation projects in Washington, and leagues in the Senate as possibly can, for his great good fortune. I also salute the tremendous benefits to the State and including the present distfnguished oc the people of my own State for having the Nation to be accruf!d from such proj cupant of the chair, the Senator from the privilege of claiming as their own a ects. Maryland [Mr. BUTLER], will attend this man who promises to be such a fine citi I would be remiss today if I did not pay festival, or parts of it, to see with their zen and neighbor. tribute to these men of the past and own eyes what they have had such a Mr. President, the celebration in present who dreamt of things that exist large part in bringing into being. which Mr. Dunn is to play such an im today and plead with the Congress to Mr. President, in furtherance of my portant part, marks the releasing of the help tbem make those dreams come true. hope that Members of Congress may waters of the great Columbia Basin, out I salute them now. Mr. President, these find it possible to go to the State of over the first 66,000 acres of heretofore men were lobbyists. In recent years the Washington between the dates of May 22 arid lands, to transform them from a Congress has given considerable atten and June 1, I ask unanimous consent desert to what promises to be one of the tion to the subject of lobbying. I am sure to have inserted at this point in my re most beautiful and productive agricul that my colleagues will agree with me marks an itinerary of the dates and tural areas anywhere, and will commem that those who have appeared here in places which will bid welcome any indi orate also the fiftieth anniversary of the Washington to explain this project viduals who can travel so far from here first time that the reclamation idea for sought by their State, many of whom to there. America was .put before the Congress. have traveled across the Nation at their There being no objection, the itinerary In 1902, 50 years ago, the great Teddy own expense in the interest of their was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Roosevelt, and I use that adjective ad homes 9,nd future homes of their descen as follows: visedly, particularly today, then Presi dants, have engaged in good lobbying. dent, set forth in his message to the Certainly it was successful lobbying. COLUMBIA BASIN WATER FESTIVAL-MA.JOB Congress fundamental principles which I also desire to point out that my State EvENTS LISTED FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE May 22, 2 p. m., jubilee parade, Pasco. formed the basis for the Reclamation of Washington owes a very real debt of May 22, 23, 24, 25, Tri-City Aqua-Rama Act of 1902. A significant passage said: gratitude to all taxpayers throughout the a musical spectacle, Pasco. It is as right for the National Government Nation who have made it possible for this May 24, kiddies' parade, Kennewick. to make the streams and rivers of the arid great project to come into being. The May 26, pioneer parade, treasure hunt, regions useful by engineering works for water total cost, Mr. President, of the Colum Quincy. storage as to make useful the rivers and har bia Basin project is estimated to be, when May 27 through June 1, evenings, Grand bors of the humid regions by engineering it is finished, $702,500,000, all paid from Coulee Cavalcade, Soap Lake. works of another kind. • • • Our peo the Federal Treasury. That project had May 28 through June 1, afternoons and ple as a whole will profit, for successful evenings, Little World's Fair, Ephrata. homemaking is but another name for up better be a good one, Mr. President. May 27, Farm-in-a-Day, Moses Lake. building of the Nation. Those of us who live in the western sec May 30, Memorial Day parade, Ephrata. tion of the United States believe it to be May 31 through June 1, afternoons, fron- Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. Presid.ent, will good and deserving of the help and as tier days, Coulee City. the Senator from Washington yield? sistance which Congress has provided, in June 1, interdenominational church serv Mr. CAIN. Certainly. many instances most willingly. ice, Soap Lake. Mr. McCARRAN. I wish to make an Of this amount, $450,000,000 has al observation. ready been spent up to March 31st of this Mr. CAIN. I urge the Senator from year. The irrigation facilities are 38- A FIZZLED ATTACK Nevada to feel free to do so. percent completed, the power facilities Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, I ~hall de Mr. McCARRAN. In keeping with the 96-percent completed. tain the Senate only a few minutes excerpt from the message of President It is expected that commercial sales of longer. As the Presiding Officer knows, Theodore Roosevelt which the Senator power generated by the great dams which it is not the custom in this body to make 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5183 reference to absent Members of the but not as disappointing. It has been a long which had been given in the Armed Serv . Senate. However, there are occasions 6 years, and these Republican Senators"- ices Committee during the last week or when one must make reference to an in Said the keynoter in Utah, the distin 10 days. We still have carrier pigeons dividual Senator who is absent if he de guished junior Senator from Tennessee in this country, and I do not have the sires to make reference to him at all. [Mr. KEFAUVER]- slightest doubt that some pigeon some "have made it seem even longer." where took at least a capsule from all On last Sunday, as is my custom, I the testimony which had been offered read almost all of the Washington Sun Aft er naming Senat or WATKINS as one of the Republican Senators he said were elected in the committee and laid it before the day Star. My attention and eyes were because of widespread opposition to meat junior Senator from Tennessee, who attracted by a rather considerable head rat ioning, Senator KEFAUVER said, "There are wishes to impress meat rationing of 1946 line which appeared on page 5 of the more of these meat-rationing Senators in as a 1952 issue upon those who find it first section of the Star. That headline this area." He then named Senators CAIN, proper and desirable to listen to him. reads as fallows: MALONE, and ECTON. I am impressed only by one comment Utah Democrats hear KEFAUVER attack on Mr. President, it happened that on which was made in Utah. Let me say four GOP Senators. yesterday morning, as a member of the now that I know the junior Senator from Senate Armed Services Committee, I was Tennessee eventually will return to this Mr. President, certainly I shall not attending the executive session of that body. My encouragement to him is that waste anyone's time by attacking the committee, which had under consider he return soon, for I seek to do him junior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE:.. ation a rather important 1952 isslte, no particular harm or injury, certainly FAUVER 1, and particularly I shall not do namely, what shall we do or what must not in his absence. I have read once, so while that very distinguished person we do or what ought we to do about the but I shall read again, the following is absent from the Senate. However, I Mutual Security Act? My mind was so sentence contained in the Associated wish, for I think the junior Senator preoccupied that I suppose I jumped to Press article : from Tennessee would wish me to do a false conclusion which I should have It has been a long 6 years- so, to have the RECORD carry the attack avoided when a member of my staff, as I recall, gave me this sterling speech by Said the junior Senator from Ten which the Senator from Tennessee nessee, in referring to the "crop of 1946 thought it proper, from a distance out the junior Senator from Tennessee. I read it, and my interest was aroused. Republican Senators" who did not like West in Utah, to launch against four meat rationing- Members of the party which I proudly I turned to my left, to ask the junior Senator from Tennessee whether he It has been a long 6 years and these Re represent, and who, by the way, obvious could provide some additional facts to publican Senators have made it seem even ly were not present in the audience support his attack, which, without ad longer. which was addressed by the junior Sen ditional information, I thought to have Mr. President, I think there is much ator from Tennessee. been exceedingly weak. When I turned truth in what the junior Senator from The article, which -is relatively brief to my left, where the junior Senator Tennessee has said; I know that recent and which is by the Associated Press, from Tennesee is usually to be found, I weeks have seemed longer to me than from Salt Lake City, Utah, on May 10, was reminded of the fact that I had not they might otherwise have been the case has this to say: seen him either on my left or on my had the junior Senator from Tennessee Senator KEFAUVER today called on Demo right in recent months. been active in the Committee on Armed crats to take appropriate action against a It happens that the junior Senator Services, so that we would not have group of Republican Senators that he said from Tennessee is a member of the Sen taken so long a time as actually was were elected because of meat rationing._ ate Armed Services Committee, and from required, without the benefit of his wis Senator KEFAUVER named them as Sena afar he is considering what the Nation dom and counsel, to reach important tors WATKINS, of Utah, CAIN, of Washington, should do, in terms of legislation, about decisions in the national i:!1terest. MALONE, of Nevada, and ECTON, of Montana. the Mutual Security Act of 1952. I I have had no conversation with my In his keynote address-. know that yesterday afternoon, after very close friends and official coworkers, Parenthetically, Mr. President, let me the committee had received a great deal the Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINS], say that I think the junior Senator from of testimony, a motion was made by one the Senator from Nevada [Mr. MALONE], of the members of the commttee that and the Senator from Montana [Mr. Tennessee did select an interesting sub the bill be cut in the amount of $400,- ject to be offered as the substance of a ECTON]. Therefore, I do not speak for 000,000. On that motion a vote was those Senators, but I think I can make keynote address before a convention of taken yesterday afternoon among the Democrats in the State of Utah, when this observation with which they would committee members who were present, find themselves completely in accord: he wished to talk about meat rationing, six in number. Five members of the inasmuch as it was a question of public The four of us would appreciate an op committee voted to cut by $400,000,000 portunity-and we would call it that interest as recently as some 6 years ago. the amount authorized by the bill. One of being attacked by the Senator from I read further from the article : member of the committee voted not to cut by a penny the amount authorized by Tennessee here on the floor of the United In his keynote address for the Utah Demo States Senate. We would call that an cratic Convention to select national con the bill. However, Mr. President, in the com opportunity, for it would give us a chance vention delegates and State party officers, to counterattack, and prove that some the Tennessee Senator said: mittee-and it is almost a requirement "Six years ago"- in behalf of those who serve double of the issues discussed on the stump by duties these days, or, let us say, in behalf the Senator from Tennessee are as 0 Mr. President, it is good to talk about of one who gets so far west ~s Utah phony as a $3 bill. things which are currently important. we vote, either in person or by proxy. My serious encouragement to the Sen I believe that in these disturbing days So fallowing the vote yesterday in the ator from Tennessee is that he drop the we must always talk about the important committee, with the result that the com meat :i:ationing of 1946 as being of any issues, the issues through which we mittee members present had voted 5 to 1 particular current importance or inter should arouse the interest and the con in favor of making such a cut, we found est either to Democrats, Republicans, or cern of Americans everywhere. The during this day that the score was 7 to 6 Americans. Americans are interested junior Senator from Tennessee says that in opposition to making such a cut. in the Mutual Security Act, and in what such an issue is meat rationing of 1946. I make no comment about the fact every Senator, whether Democrat or Re I read further from the article : for any Member of this body can render any decision he wishes in regard to it publican, thinks about it. "Six years ago the people of our country I speak in rather good humor. If it were frustrated by meat rationing. That that the junior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER], who is preoccupied-with were not that I am in a good mood, cer feeling of frustration happened to coincide tainly I would not have dignified any with an election. The result was that we meat rationing in 1946, sent by tele got a whole crop of Republican Senators de phone or telegraph, his proxy, "Do not such attack as that offered by the key livered to us in Washington. This was about cut by a penny the Mutual Security Act." noter of the Utah convention as being as much of a surprise to the Republicans I am not questioning that he did not worthy of the name. I know him. I who made the grade as to us in Washington, have available to him the testimony have considerable respect for his agility XCVIII-326 5184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 14 and ability. I think he is capable of do messages, if not from Garcia, at least Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, a ing an ever so much better job here in from one member of the Armed Services parliamentary inquiry. the Senate of the United States than he Committee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The did in the State of Utah, where he so Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Min Senator will state it. obviously failed to do a successful job. nesota is entirely correct in assuming Mr. McCARRAN. What is the parlia I bid him come back soon, so that we that my use of the example of the car mentary situation? may all extend a welcome to him and rier pigeon was symbolical when related The PRESIDING OFFFICER. A mo may listen to whatever he has to say, to the junior Senator from Tennessee. tion to recommit was made, whereupon when he and we can look at the whites Mr. President, unless there are other the absence of a quorum was suggested of each other's eyes. interruptions-which would be wel and the clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will comed-the Senator from Washington Then a request was made to rescind the the Senator yield? yields the floor. order for the quorum call. So the ques Mr. CAIN. Certainly. tion now before the Senate is, Shall the Mr. HUMPHREY. I have listened order for a quorum call be rescinded and with interest to the solicitous remarks REVISION OF LAWS RELATING TO further proceedings under the call be of our esteemed friend, the Senator from IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION, dispensed with? Washington, and I was moved by the AND NATIONALITY Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, who reference of the carrier pigeon. I won • The Senate resumed the consideration made the unanimous-consent request? dered whether the Senator froin Wash of the bill
