Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

11 Human Environment and Land Use 11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 This Chapter considers the potential effects of the Development on the following receptors:

 Land use;

 Socio-economics;

 Tourism; and

 Recreation. 11.2 Legislation, Policy and Guidance

11.2.1 The legislation, policy and guidance relevant to the assessment of the Development on land use, socio-economics, tourism and recreation are summarised below. Regulatory and policy context is also provided in Chapter 5: Planning Policy Context.

Legislation

11.2.2 The Highways Act 1980 (Ref 11-1) Part III makes provision for the creation of Public Rights of Way (PRoW) by local authorities, either in agreement with landowners or as a compulsory measure with the Rights of Way Act 1990 (Ref 11- 2) amending the Highways Act (Ref 11-1) in relation to disturbance of PRoWs.

11.2.3 The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (Ref 11-3) designates Open Access land and clarifies the rights of way over byways and bridleways, as well as the creation or diversions of PRoWs.

11.2.4 No specific legislation has been identified with regard to wind farms and land use, socio-economics, or tourism. Policy

11.2.5 Planning Policy Wales 7th Edition (Welsh Government, 2014) (Ref 11-4) seeks for local planning authorities to ‘recognise the environmental, economic and social opportunities that the use of renewable energy resources can make to planning sustainability.’

11.2.6 Alongside this national policy, Technical Advice Note (TAN) 8: Renewable Energy (Welsh Government, 2005) (Ref 11-5) provides guidance on the separation of wind turbines and PRoW. The guidance advises a separation distance equivalent to the height of the blade tip as a minimum, from the edge of public highway (road or PRoW). The guidance also makes reference to suggestions from the British Horse Society that a 200m exclusion zone either side of a public bridleway should be employed. TAN 8 (Ref 11-5) clearly states, however, that this is not a statutory

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 1 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

requirement and the circumstances pertaining at any particular site should be taken into account. The British Horse Society have since issued updated guidance on the siting of wind farms which is described below.

11.2.7 TAN 16: Sport, Recreation and Open Space (Welsh Government, 2009) (Ref 11-6) sets out a requirement to protect PRoWs and consider opportunities to enhance recreational routes for walking, cycling and horse riding wherever possible.

11.2.8 The Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council (NPTCBC) Unitary Development Plan (UDP) (NPTCBC, 2008) (Ref 11-7): Policy T12 (Footpaths, Cycleways and Bridleways) states ‘…C) Planning permission will not be granted for proposals which would lead to the loss of footpaths, bridleways or cycle routes unless acceptable alternative routes would be provided, or the routes affected no longer have a useful role.’

11.2.9 The Rhondda Cynon Taf Local Development Plan (LDP) (RCTCBC, 2011) (Ref 11-8) also contains policies that are relevant to this assessment. Policy AW12 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy advises that ‘Development proposals which promote the provision of renewable and non-renewable energy such as schemes for energy from biomass, hydro-electricity, anaerobic digestion, on-shore oil and gas and small / medium sized wind turbines, will be permitted where it can be demonstrated that there is no unacceptable effect upon the interests of… agriculture…’

11.2.10 Policy AW7 – Protection and Enhancement of the Built Environment advises that ‘Development proposals which affect areas of public open space, allotments, public rights of way, bridleways and cycle tracks will only be permitted where it can be demonstrated that:

1. There is a surplus of such facilities in the locality, or;

2. The loss can be replaced with an equivalent or greater provision in the immediate locality; or

3. The development enhances the existing facility.’

Guidance

11.2.11 Windfarms – Advisory Statement (British Horse Society, 2010) (Ref 11-9), provides guidance on the siting of wind farms near to PRoWs, stating ‘as a starting point when assessing a site and its potential layout, a separation distance of four times the overall height should be the target for National Trails and Ride UK routes, as these are likely to be used by equestrians unfamiliar with turbines, and a distance of three times overall height from all other routes, including roads, with the 200m recommended… being seen as the minimum, where it is shown in a particular case that this would be acceptable’ and ‘Where the recommended separation distances cannot be achieved, the Society will expect the developer to demonstrate: how safety issues can be addressed by carrying out agreed works; details of an alternative route that could be used by equestrians whose horses will not use the existing route because of the closeness of the turbines to the road or

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 2 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

right of way; details of the provision of funds to improve other rights of way; or to create new routes in the locality.’ 11.3 Methodology

Introduction

11.3.1 The methodology followed to assess the potential effects of the Development on land use, socio-economics, tourism and recreation has been defined depending upon the receptor in question. Individual study areas and assessment methodologies are detailed below. Consultation

11.3.2 Consultation has been undertaken with the organisations outlined in Table 11-1 in order to gather baseline information and comments on the Development.

Table 11-1 Summary of Consultation Responses Consultee Date of Response Project Response Response RCTCBC 02 October Details of the existing public RCTCBC 2013 footpath routes, and existing use PRoW Officer Scoping of the land, within the site and consulted. Opinion immediately adjacent to the site should be provided. Details of PRoW, land The assessment will need to use, tourism include sufficient information to and recreation enable the Council to determine assets and the extent of any environmental receptors impacts on nearby PRoW. The detailed. Council’s Public Rights of Way Officer in an e-mail dated 21 Assessment August 2013 has stated that takes account turbine 2 appears to lie over an of effect of the Development existing PROW which will need to on these be addressed and the protection receptors. of the nearby PROW’s should be provided as result of the construction of the wind turbines and any access tracks. Further, adherence should be provided to the guidance in TAN 8 which states that turbines should be sited no closer than the height of the turbine tip

The assessment should include sufficient information to determine the extent of any environmental

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 3 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

impacts on agricultural land use and soil resource effects during the construction, operation and decommissioning of the turbines, including effects on soils, land quality and the farming framework. The EIA should address key recreational users that use any public rights of way (public footpaths, bridleways etc.) including any National Trails or regionally promoted routes that traverse the application site or land visible from it. The EIA should take regard to TAN 8 with respect to distance from turbines to public rights of way (Appendix C, para 2.25-2.27).

Natural 06 British Horse Society Guidance RCTCBC Resources September recommends a minimum of 200m PRoW Officer Wales 2013 separation between turbines and consulted. No (NRW) Scoping bridleways. The Ramblers National Trails Opinion Association have issued are present or guidelines about consideration affected. that should be given to walkers. 11.3.3 We would recommend that you Details of liaise with the PRoW officers at PRoW, land RCTCBC . In the case of National use, tourism Trails, the National Trail Officer and recreation should also be contacted. assets and receptors detailed.

Assessment takes account of effect of the Development on these receptors.

RCTCBC 15 October The Council’s Marketing and Assessment Tourism 2014 Tourism Officers advised that the takes account Department Post Scoping development doesn’t seem to of any tourist directly affect any projects within facilities the Destination Management Plan identified, or any tourism projects. open access land and The Countryside Section advised PRoW. that the site appears to be within open access land (dealt with by Any effects on NRW) and within a SINC, and the SINC

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 4 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

PRoW cross in proximity to the designation site. Nearby on Mynydd Dinas is are accounted a Regionally Important Geological for in Chapter site (RIG). 6: Ecology and Nature Conservation The RIG is outside of the study area of Chapter 13: Ground Conditions, Hydrogeology and Mining RCTCBC 28 Provided extract taken from the Mitigation to Rights of November, Definitive Rights of Way mapping be undertaken Way Officer 02 showing the PRoW affected by to minimise December, the Development. impact to 09 December PRoWs and 2014 Post Requested details of route their users. Scoping management. Detailed route Agreed to the implementation of management permissive alternative routes proposals to subject to installation of adequate be developed signage and reinstatement of any prior to PRoW post operation phase. construction

NPTCBC 17 November Noted that few PRoW in NPTCBC BCBC Rights Rights of 2014 Post are affected. Advised contact with of Way officer Way Officer Scoping Bridgend County Borough Council consulted. (BCBC). Mitigation to Suggested adopting the same be undertaken protocols that were agreed for the to minimise Pen y Cymoedd wind farm with impact to regards to signage for drivers / PRoWs and users, safety measures etc. their users.

Because of the small number of PRoW, requirement for temporary closure in NPTCBC unlikely. BCBC 13 November It does not appear that any Public No action Rights of 2014 Registered Rights of Way within required Way officer Post Scoping BCBC are affected

Ramblers 14 October Footpath Penygraig 16 and Proximity to Cymru 2014 Bridleway Penygraig 14 cross the footpaths and

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 5 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Post Scoping site and are close to turbines 2 appropriate and 1 respectively. Queried mitigation, as whether there is an intention to well as access apply for a diversion order for the tracks two routes. Suggested reviewing considered in TAN 8 guidance on wind turbine assessment. and PRoW separation.

Interested in the Development’s access tracks being used as permissive routes. British 21 No response received to date Horse September Society 2014 Post Scoping

Welsh 24 The site is shown on the Included Government September Provisional (1:250 000) scale within 2014 Agricultural Land Classification assessment. Post Scoping (ALC) map as being predominantly ALC Grade 5, with a small area of Grade 4 land in the south-western corner (immediately to the north of Hendreforgan).

Study area

11.3.3 A number of study areas have been defined and are described below.

Land Use

11.3.4 The land use study area is defined by the site boundary and access route. The focus is on the direct effects of the construction work and operational phase of the Development on the current land use.

Socio-Economics

11.3.5 The study area for the assessment of effects on economic receptors and the local population is focused around the ward areas in RCTCBC in close proximity to the Development, those of Penygraig, Tonypandy, Trealaw, Porth, Cymmer, Tonyrefail West and Gilfach Goch. The wider Rhondda Cynon Taf area is also considered in order to inform the baseline and to allow consideration of regional effects.

Tourism

11.3.6 The study area for the assessment of effects on tourism has considered both tourism facilities and resources within a 5km radius of the Development, beyond which effects on tourism facilities and resources are considered to be negligible.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 6 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Recreation

11.3.7 The study area for this element of the assessment has been defined as a radius 500m from the Development, in addition to the access route from the A4061 to the Development, beyond which effects on recreational facilities and resources are considered to be negligible. Temporal scope

11.3.8 The assessment considers the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the Development. Sources of baseline data

11.3.9 The assessment of effects on land use, socio-economics, tourism and recreation has been undertaken through desk-based analysis, a visit to the site and study areas in September 2014, and consultation to obtain additional relevant baseline information as summarised in Table 11-1. The primary sources of baseline data are:

Land Use

 RCTCBC LDP (RCTCBC, 2011) (Ref 11-8);

 Explorer 1:25,000 maps (Ordnance Survey (OS), 2015) (Ref 11-10);

 Countryside Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000 (UK Government, 2000) Open Access Land Maps (Ref 11-3);

Socio-Economics

 RCTCBC LDP (RCTCBC, 2011) (Ref 11-8);

 2011 Census Data and 2001 Census Data Neighbourhood Statistics (Office for National Statistics, 2011 and 2001) (Ref 11-11 and Ref 11-12);

 2001 and 2011 Census Data (Office for National Statistics, 2011) (Ref 11-13);

 Labour Supply Data (Nomis, 2013) (Ref 11-14);

 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation WIMD (Welsh Government, 2011) (Ref 11- 15);

Tourism

 RCTCBC LDP (RCTCBC, 2011) (Ref 11-8);

 Destination RCT (RCTCBC, 2014) (Ref 11-16);

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 7 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Recreation

 RCTCBC LDP (RCTCBC, 2011) (Ref 11-8); and

 Definitive Rights of Way (RoW) Mapping (RCTCBC, 2014) (Ref 11-17).

11.3.10 Additional websites and publications covering land use, socio-economics, tourism and recreation in relation to wind turbines and the local area have also been considered and are referenced as appropriate. Significance criteria

11.3.11 There is no specific published methodology for this type of assessment, which is typically based upon professional judgement, and it is not possible to determine sensitivity of receptors or magnitude of change through the use of specific standards or thresholds. The scale of significance outlined below has been used to assess the effects of the Development on the receptors identified. The assessment process aims to be objective and quantify effects as far as possible on land use, socio-economics, tourism and recreation. Some effects, however, can only be evaluated on a qualitative basis.

11.3.12 For the assessment of the construction and decommissioning phases of the Development, effects are mainly considered to be temporary and short-term. For the assessment of the operational phase, effects are considered to be temporary and long-term.

11.3.13 In this assessment, effects are defined as:

 Positive – which indicates an advantageous, or beneficial effect to an environmental resource or receptor

 Negative – which indicates a disadvantageous or adverse effect to an environmental resource or receptor

 Neutral – which indicates no effect or an imperceptible effect to an environmental resource or receptor

11.3.14 Where positive or negative effects have been identified, these have been assessed against the following scale:

 Minor – slight, short-term or localised effect

 Moderate – a noticeable effect (by magnitude, duration or extent)

 Major – a considerable effect (by magnitude, duration, extent or in breach of recognised acceptability, legislation, policy or standards).

11.3.15 Based on professional judgement, a ‘significant’ effect, in terms of the UK Government (1999) Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations (SI 1999 No 293) (Ref 11-18) is considered to be one of Moderate significance or above.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 8 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Land Use

11.3.16 An assessment of the significance of effect on land use has been based on the overall land take for the Development as a proportion of the site boundary, and the corresponding agricultural value of this land using the Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) system (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) / Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF), 1988) (Ref 11-19). The effect of improving the sections of access track on land use has also been considered.

Socio-Economics

11.3.17 In order to assess the potential socio-economic effects, the Chapter explores the economic effects of the Development on the local and regional economy. This assessment considers the number of jobs created over the Development’s life, and the types of jobs and their relevance to the local economy. This assessment uses data provided by the Applicant as well as criteria developed through experience of similar schemes to calculate the local and regional effects of the Development.

Tourism

11.3.18 The criteria used for assessing tourism effects is focused on whether the Development brings a long term change to a facility, or if it affects resources or facilities which have more than a local use or status. In the case of effects on tourism it is considered inappropriate to attempt to attach sensitivity to the receptors identified. It is considered that tourists who visit local attractions and / or the site may experience an effect from the Development. However, the overall significance of this effect would be dependent on the attitudes and perceptions of the receptor. Professional judgement and experience have therefore been applied in the absence of specific guidance and assessment criteria.

Recreation

11.3.19 The potential effects of the Development on recreation considers current access arrangements within the site and along the access route. Consideration is given to the proximity of the Development to the PRoW network. Chapter 8: Landscape and Visual Assessment considers views from the PRoW network.

11.3.20 A significant effect is determined on the basis of professional judgement, taking into consideration the following:

 Sensitivity of recreational assets and routes (e.g. long distance routes are considered to be more sensitive); and

 The nature and extent of the impact having regard to published guidance, permanence and timescales. Limitations of assessment and assumptions

11.3.21 There is limited published guidance in relation to assessing the effects of developments on the human environment. Where guidance or policy exists the assessment has been undertaken in line with these guidelines. Where such

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 9 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

guidelines are absent or limited, professional judgement and previous experience from similar schemes has been applied.

11.3.22 There is also a reliance on independent surveys and evidence to draw conclusions in relation to effects on factors such as tourism and socio-economics. The subjective nature of effects of this type of development on tourism and the limitations associated with such qualitative data should also be noted. 11.4 Description of Baseline Conditions

Existing conditions

Land Use

11.4.1 The Development is located within the Rhondda Valley, lying approximately 1km from Penygraig to the east and approximately 1.5km from Tonypandy to the north.

11.4.2 Land within the site boundary primarily comprises upland grazing habitat which has been improved for agricultural use. On the western boundary, steep slopes support upland heath and areas of acid grassland. Plantation forestry forms the northern and southern boundaries of the site. There is an area of open access land, designated under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW) (Ref 11-3), to the south west of the turbine locations but this does not extend to the area of the Development. Peat is present within the site, although it is generally confined to specific areas.

11.4.3 The site is located to the south east of the existing Fforch Nest / Pant-y-Wal wind farm. The nearest classified road to the site boundary is the B4564 through Gilfach Goch and the A4119 through Penygraig which are both located over 1km from the Development. The road used for access to the Development for abnormal load vehicles would be the A4061 near Rhigos, which is located approximately 16km to the north west of the Development. Existing forestry tracks and the A4107 would be used from this road as shown in Figure 10.1.

11.4.4 The RCTCBC LDP Proposals Map (Ref 11-8) shows no land use allocations within the site boundary.

11.4.5 The ALC system categorises land into one of five land classification grades, with Grade 1 being the highest quality and Grade 5 the lowest quality. Grade 3 is sub- divided into Sub-Grades 3a and 3b, to identify good quality agricultural land from moderate quality land. Data provided by Welsh Government through consultation, outlined in Table 11-1, identified that the site is classified as predominantly Grade 5 Agricultural Land with a small area of Grade 4 Agricultural Land to the south adjacent to Hendreforgan. It should be noted that agricultural land beyond the site boundary is also Grade 5 Agricultural Land so land take figures quoted as a percentage of the site boundary are worst-case.

11.4.6 The site boundary encompasses an area of 189.31 hectares (ha). The land take required for the Development is approximately 1.837ha, 0.97% of the land within the site boundary, with an additional 0.5ha being required for temporary works during the construction phase.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 10 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Socio-Economics

11.4.7 RCTCBC is made up of 52 wards, with the Development primarily sited within the ward of Penygraig. Only the access route to the Development is sited outside of this ward. This ward is surrounded by the wards of Tonypandy, Trealaw, Porth, Cymmer, Tonyrefail West and Gilfach Goch. The Penygraig ward forms the focus of this socio-economic assessment, however data for the surrounding wards is also presented for comparison.

11.4.8 Population data from the 2001 and 2011 Census is presented in Table 11-2. This data shows that Penygraig has a similar population to many of the surrounding wards.

11.4.9 The ward of Penygraig had a population of 5,554 in the 2011 census, or 2.37% of the population of RCTCBC at the time (234,410). The majority of the population of the ward is concentrated within the village of Penygraig and connecting communities of Williamstown, Penrhiwfer and Edmondstown with isolated properties or clusters of properties outside of these settlements. Between 2001 and 2011, the population of the ward shrank by 5.5%, showing an opposite trend to the 1.1% population increase experienced by RCTCBC as a whole over the period.

Table 11-2 Population Data (ONS 2011 and 2001, Ref 11-11, Ref 11-12, Ref 11-13)

Ward / Borough Resident Resident % Change 2001 - / National area Population 2001 Population 2011 2011 Penygraig 5,877 5,554 -5.5% Tonypandy 3,495 3,750 +7.3% Trealaw 3,908 4,040 +3.4% Porth 5,944 5,970 +0.4% Cymmer 5,925 5,505 -7.1% Tonyrefail West 5,234 6,374 +21.8% Gilfach Goch 3,434 3,436 +0.1% Rhondda Cynon 231,946 234,410 +1.1% Taf Wales 2,903,085 3,063,456 +5.5%

11.4.10 Labour supply data (Ref 11-14) for Penygraig, provided in Table 11-3, indicates that in comparison to the wider Rhondda Cynon Taf area, the ward has a higher level of unemployment at 8.5% compared to 7.5% but a lower proportion of retired people at 15.1% compared to 16.0% for Rhondda Cynon Taf. The ward has an unemployed and economically active population that is largely consistent with the surrounding wards.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 11 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Table 11-3 Labour Supply Data 2011 Census (Ref 11-11; Ref 11-14)

Working Age Ward / Economically Unemployed Population Retired (% of Borough / Active (% of (% of (Aged 16-74) Working Age National Working Age Economically (% of Total Population) area Population) Active) Population) Penygraig 4,041 (72.8%) 2,486 (61.5%) 211 (8.5%) 611 (15.1%) Tonypandy 2,725 (72.7%) 1,721 (63.2%) 131 (7.6%) 450 (16.5%) Trealaw 2,920 (72.3%) 1,742 (59.7%) 137 (7.9%) 458 (15.7%) Porth 4,371 (73.2%) 2,804 (64.2%) 209 (7.5%) 675 (15.4%) Cymmer 4,054 (73.6%) 2,363 (58.3%) 256 (10.8%) 654 (16.1%) Tonyrefail 4,597 (72.1%) 2,989 (65.0%) 232 (7.8%) 648 (14.1%) West Gilfach Goch 2,545 (74.1%) 1,458 (57.3%) 125 (8.6%) 401 (15.8%) Rhondda 108,730 27,595 172,047 (74.2%) 8,104 (7.5%) Cynon Taf (63.2%) (16.0%) 2,507,160 1,485,982 113,302 600,704 Wales (81.8%) (59.3%) (7.6%) (24.0%) Economically active – defined as in Employment, unemployed or full time student (looking for work). Economically inactive – defined as retired, student (inc. full time students), Looking after home or family, long-term sick or disabled, other.

11.4.11 The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) (Ref 11-15) is the official measure of relative deprivation at the small area level for Wales. The Index is produced as a set of ranks, with a rank of 1 assigned to the most deprived area and rank 1896 to the least deprived area of Wales. The WIMD uses the Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs), which split the wards into multiple areas depending on population size. Table 11-4 shows that the only area within RCTCBC in the lesser deprived half of Wales by this measurement is Porth 2. The WIMD shows that the most deprived areas surrounding the Development are Cymmer 4, Trealaw 2, Cymmer 3 and Gilfach Goch 2, being the 70th, 81st, 86th and 98th most deprived areas in the country, respectively.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 12 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Table 11-4 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) (Ref 11-15)

Settlement WIMD Penygraig 1 247 Penygraig 2 457 Penygraig 3 121 Penygraig 4 455 Tonypandy 1 481 Tonypandy 2 614 Trealaw 1 659 Trealaw 2 81 Trealaw 3 240 Porth 1 835 Porth 2 1,172 Porth 3 512 Porth 4 307 Cymmer 1 859 Cymmer 2 831 Cymmer 3 86 Cymmer 4 70 Tonyrefail West 1 285 Tonyrefail West 2 841 Tonyrefail West 3 183 Gilfach Goch 1 448 Gilfach Goch 2 98

11.4.12 Employment sector data for the Penygraig ward (Ref 11-11) is provided in Table 11-5, and shows that key sectors of employment in these wards are manufacturing (13.3% of workforce), construction (14.3% of workforce), wholesale and retail trade (14.5% of workforce) and human health / social work (15.7% of workforce). The workforce proportion for the manufacturing and construction sectors are notably greater than the wider Rhondda Cynon Taf and Wales proportions. However, there is a notably lesser workforce proportion in the agriculture, forestry and fishing, professional, scientific and technical activities and education industries within the Penygraig ward.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 13 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Table 11-5 Penygraig ward Employment Sector Data 2011 (Ref 11-11)

% of workforce Industry Rhondda Penygraig Wales Cynon Taf Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.0% 0.2% 1.7% Mining and quarrying 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% Manufacturing 13.3% 12.6% 10.5% Electricity, gas, steam and air 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation 1.0% 1.1% 0.9% activities Construction 14.3% 10.4% 8.2% Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 14.5% 15.0% 15.6% motor cycles Transport and storage 4.9% 3.9% 3.9% Accommodation and food 5.6% 5.0% 6.2% service activities Information and communication 1.1% 1.8% 2.3% Financial and insurance 1.8% 3.0% 3.1% activities Real estate activities 0.6% 1.1% 1.2% Professional, scientific and 2.6% 3.3% 4.3% technical activities Administrative and support 4.4% 4.1% 4.0% service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social 6.9% 7.7% 7.9% security Education 8.0% 10.1% 10.1% Human health and social work 15.7% 15.4% 14.5% activities Other 4.3% 4.2% 4.5% Figures in bold are those industries with a >10% proportion of the workforce for the area

Penygraig, Tonypandy and wider valley

11.4.13 The settlements of Penygraig, Tonypandy, Trealaw and Llwynypia are largely agglomerated with little distinction between the individual settlements. Major employment in the local area surrounding the Development is provided primarily in the town centre of Tonypandy, with business and industrial parks in the wider area. The settlements are traditional Welsh valleys villages and towns, and were subject

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 14 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

to high levels of population growth, urbanisation and development during the industrial revolution in the 19th century. The A4119 provides good access to the area, and beyond to towns such as Treorchy and Aberdare, this may partly explain why it appears that this area is subject to a lesser degree of economic deprivation than some settlements within the valleys.

11.4.14 The A4119 also connects the area directly to the M4. There are numerous business parks, commercial premises and industrial units along this route indicating that there are employment opportunities locally. There is likely to be a large proportion of commuters south to businesses along the M4 corridor, in the capital city, Cardiff and in the other major settlements of Pontypridd, Bridgend, Port Talbot and Swansea.

11.4.15 The settlements are constrained to the valley floor, with steep hills to either side, leading to the development of the settlements in a linear fashion. There are rows of terraced houses on the valley floor and sides, which would likely have been constructed originally as housing for workers in the factories or mines. There are more recently constructed flats closer to the town centre. New housing developments in the area, including at Parc Gellifaelog, indicates that the populations of the settlements will increase into the near future.

11.4.16 Tonypandy has numerous residential amenities including a large 24-hour supermarket and fast-food chain on the outskirts of the town. There is a high street, which is pedestrianised during the day, with a wide range of local shops, including butchers, bakers, hairdressers, cafes, takeaways and pubs, opticians and a beautician, estate agents, charity shops, and high-street chains. However, there are also a number of empty or shuttered commercial properties.

11.4.17 Penygraig is a largely residential settlement with fewer shops and businesses than Tonypandy. There is a post office, a number of takeaways, newsagents, gift shops, a library, church and grocery stores.

11.4.18 There are a number of bus routes along this valley, with buses running regularly further north to Treorchy and to Pontypridd. Tonypandy also has rail links to Pontypridd and Cardiff, Swansea and beyond, and the rail line links to further up the valley.

Gilfach Goch and Evanstown

11.4.19 Gilfach Goch and Evanstown are accessed via a single road, the B4564, from the A4119 and A4093 between Blackmill and Tonypandy. The villages are served by buses but there is no rail access.

11.4.20 The villages are at the head of the valley and there are no links beyond to other settlements. Therefore, there is primarily residential development with few businesses in the area. The main streets in the villages contain local shops, pubs, chapels and takeaways and there is also a community centre. There are areas of amenity open space in the settlements, small parks and play areas. These, coupled with an extensive PRoW network leading into the hills beyond offer many opportunities for walking and outdoor recreation.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 15 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Tourism

11.4.21 Tourist activities in the area are primarily associated with walking, mountain biking and sightseeing in the hills of the upper valleys.

11.4.22 A number of tourist facilities and activities have been identified near to the Development, from the Destination RCT website (Ref 11-16), OS Mapping (Ref 11-10) and observations during the site visit.

11.4.23 The Clydach Vale Country Park is located approximately 2km to the north west of the Development. It contains two lakes with a number of paths, and it is a haven for birds, flowers and butterflies. Two main routes are available for walkers and cyclists, with several access routes on to the surrounding mountains.

11.4.24 There are numerous PRoWs within the study area, crossing the hills around the site and joining the settlements of Gilfach Goch, Tonypandy, Clydach Vale and Ogmore Vale. These provide routes and attractions for with walkers, mountain bikers and horse-riders.

11.4.25 The viewpoint at the junction of the A4061 and A4107, at Bwlch y Clawdd approximately 5km to the north west of the Development is locally notable with walkers and motorists due to the extensive views along to the east towards Treorchy.

11.4.26 Glyncornel House is situated approximately 5km to the north of the Development. It was built in the early 1900s by the Cambrian Coal Combine as a mine manager's home and has been used as a maternity hospital; a home for evacuees in the second world war; and most recently an outdoor education centre.

11.4.27 The Rhondda Cynon Taf Tourism Strategy: Reaching Destination Rhondda Cynon Taf 2007-2013 (RCTCBC, 2007) (Ref 11-20) states that a study by the Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor (STEAM) in 2005 found Rhondda Cynon Taf was visited by 2,532,000 people and that tourism generated £113.5m for the local economy. It also states that ‘The existing tourism product within Rhondda Cynon Taf is primarily focused around the area’s rich heritage and natural environment. A number of attractions currently offer the visitor an insight into the area’s heritage, with its strong links to the mining industry. Since the decline of that industry, many reclamation schemes within Rhondda Cynon Taf have vastly improved the landscape, which is today another focus for visitors.’

11.4.28 From the 2011 census (Ref 11-11), the leisure and travel industry provides 77 jobs within the ward of Penygraig out of 2,915 jobs in this industry across RCTCBC, the equivalent of 2.6%. Tourism within the area therefore provides a small but locally important employment base.

Recreation

11.4.29 The RCTCBC LDP (Ref 11-8) states that ‘The County Borough has approximately 2,000 individual paths with a total length of 743km, of which, 646km are footpaths, 82km are bridleways and 15km are by-ways open to all traffic. There are also 50 km of off-road cycle tracks. The built form of the County Borough means that most people have good access to the rights of way and bridleways network and

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 16 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

subsequent open countryside. This ready access helps promote health and well- being in the community, by providing an opportunity for all sectors of the population to access the countryside for recreational purposes. In order to ensure that the good standard of access to the countryside is maintained, the Council will seek improvements to existing public rights of way and cycle tracks where appropriate. These improvements will include the provision of additional routes, improvements for users with disabilities, restoration and maintenance.’

11.4.30 Information from the Definitive Rights of Way Mapping (Ref 11-17) (as shown on Figure 11.1) indicates that Footpath Penygraig 16 runs through the Development on an east-west transect, within 115m of Turbine 2. This route provides a link between the settlements of Gilfach Goch and Penygraig. Bridleway Penygraig 14 runs through the Development from north to south, within 115m of Turbine 1, linking Gilfach Goch to Tonypandy further to the north. Both routes are defined on the ground, but with limited signage.

11.4.31 The access route from the A4061 to the site boundary also crosses and runs along a number of PRoWs within RCTCBC and NPTCBC as shown on Figure 11.2. No PRoWs are anticipated to be directly impacted in BCBC.

11.4.32 PRoWs provide an opportunity for sustainable means of transport on foot, bicycle and horseback. The location and nature of the PRoWs indicate that the primary use of these paths is likely to be for recreational purposes.

11.4.33 A review of Open Access Land maps, designated in accordance with the CRoW Act (Ref 11-3) shows that there is an area of open access land to both the north and south of the turbine locations. The access route from the A4061 passes through extensive areas of open access land.

11.4.34 The settlements of Gilfach Goch, Penygraig and Tonypandy have some sport and recreation facilities including rugby and football clubs and pitches, with larger facilities including recreation centres in Bridgend and Pontypridd.

Future conditions

Land Use

11.4.35 The future land use on the site is still expected to be for grazing, with no potential future changes in the land management of the site identified.

11.4.36 The forestry around the site is mature. The forest management operations carried out by NRW are led by Forest Design Plans (FDPs). This forestry could therefore be subject to felling at a point in the future.

Socio-Economics

11.4.37 Potential future developments as allocated in the RCTCBC LDP (Ref 11-8), including proposed housing developments at the Llwynypia Hospital site and Park Street in Clydach Vale could bring growth and jobs and enhance the socio- economic status of the local area.

11.4.38 The Valleys Regional Park (Ref 11-21) is an initiative to co-ordinate, drive and

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 17 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

promote activities related to the environment, heritage and tourism across the valleys of South Wales. This initiative is likely to provide socio-economic benefits to the wider RCTCBC area and potentially within Penygraig and Tonypandy should suitable projects be identified.

Tourism

11.4.39 The Rhondda Cynon Taf Tourism Strategy: Reaching Destination Rhondda Cynon Taf 2007-2013 (Ref 11-20) outlines a desire to ‘become a ‘Destination Brand’ and raise the profile of Rhondda Cynon Taf on the UK tourism map’ and ‘to develop and raise the quality of the Rhondda Cynon Taf Tourism Offer’. Therefore, there could be improvements in the tourism resource and increases in tourism facilities within the study area in the future.

Recreation

11.4.40 No additional planned recreation facilities or improvements to the PRoW network have been identified within the local area. It is expected that further investment in these facilities are likely to be to maintain the current baseline. 11.5 Embedded Design Measures

11.5.1 Embedded design features considered to be part of the Development include:

 Avoidance of areas of peat (>35cm depth);

 Track length kept to a minimum; and

 Maximisation of distances from PRoW considering all other constraints.

11.5.2 In addition to this, embedded design measures also include the principles set out in the Outline Construction Environmental Management Plan (OCEMP) (Appendix 4.1). 11.6 Assessment of Effects

Land Use

Construction Phase

11.6.1 Construction would result in the temporary, long-term loss of 1.86 ha of the Grade 5 Agricultural Land within the site boundary (0.97% of the land within the site boundary). Furthermore 0.37 ha would be required for access track improvements. There would also be temporary, short-term loss of an additional 0.5 ha for the construction compound. On completion of the construction activities, the construction compound would be reinstated. Along the access route, improvements to the forestry tracks would result in limited additional losses of areas of forestry and pasture. This small loss of the lowest grade of agricultural land within the site boundary and loss of forestry and pasture land along the access route would have a Minor negative effect. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 18 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Operation Phase

11.6.2 Operational effects on the existing land use of the farm itself would be minimal. The land within the site boundary would continue to be used for grazing livestock. The new access tracks would benefit current land use practices through improved access. Small changes in land use practices would be implemented as part of the ecological mitigation proposals outlined in Figure 6.4.

11.6.3 During operation, the Development would result in the temporary, long-term loss of 1.83ha of Grade 5 Agricultural Land (0.97% of the land within the site boundary). This small loss of the lowest grade of agricultural land is assessed as having a Minor negative effect. There would however be a slight beneficial effect in terms of improved access within the Development for the landowner. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Decommissioning Phase

11.6.4 During the decommissioning phase, land used for the Development during operation would be returned to its current land use. Some access tracks may remain in-situ, however this provides a benefit of continued access across the site. Therefore, with the reinstatement of the small area of agricultural land, the decommissioning phase would have a neutral effect. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Socio-Economics

Construction Phase

11.6.5 The use of local contractors would be encouraged for construction, operation and maintenance work wherever possible, to ensure maximum benefit to local communities. This would be subject to a competitive tendering process and may be constrained by the specialist nature of some items.

11.6.6 Three main sources of local economic impact associated with the Development have been identified: direct employment by the main contractors, indirect employment in local firms which supply the main contractors, and induced employment as a result of employees re-spending their wages in the local economy.

11.6.7 Local businesses could be expected to have a competitive cost advantages due to transportation costs being minimised. These advantages also include in the provision of aggregates for construction, plant hire and the transportation of construction materials, based on the Economic Impact Assessment Study by BiGGAR Economics (Ref 11-22). Other opportunities exist in areas where there are local businesses with relevant capabilities and experience, including site preparation works, access road construction, turbine foundation and hardstanding construction, cable laying and electrical work and security services.

11.6.8 As part of the construction activities, it is likely that a number of contracts would be available for tender by local sub-contractors. The main contractor would be required to give local companies due consideration for the provision of goods and services.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 19 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

11.6.9 Based on past experience, the Applicant estimates that for a Development of this size there would be typically 15 construction jobs created, with a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 30, depending on programme activities. Therefore, during construction, the Development is assessed as having a Minor positive effect. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Operation Phase

11.6.10 During the operation phase, maintenance would be carried out by operatives visiting the Development at appropriate intervals. These may be locally based and there may also be opportunities for local businesses to supply services and materials related to the maintenance of the Development. In addition to this, the Development provides a diversification of income to the host landowners from farming livestock. The Development is assessed as having a minor positive effect. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Decommissioning Phase

11.6.11 Short-term temporary employment opportunities would be created, associated with the removal of Development infrastructure. The levels of employment during the decommissioning phase are likely to be broadly similar to that anticipated during construction. Therefore the Development is assessed as having a Minor positive effect. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Tourism

Construction Phase

11.6.12 Construction activities are considered unlikely to directly impact on tourism in the area due to the relative distance between the Development and the main facilities identified in Section 11.4. The closest receptor would be the Clydach Vale Country Park, approximately 2km to the north. Therefore, the Development is assessed as having a Neutral effect on tourism receptors. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Operation Phase

11.6.13 The effects of operational wind farm developments on tourism activities in the UK have been the subject of several studies. They have found that potential effects on tourism and recreation are closely linked to public attitudes towards wind energy developments. A large number of independent surveys exist. The Impact of Wind Farms on the Tourist Industry in the UK (British Wind Energy Association, 2006) (Ref 11-23) reports that “The results from all these surveys demonstrate that the effect of wind farms on tourism is negligible at worst, with many respondents taking a positive view to wind farms, and saying it would not affect their likelihood of returning to an area.” Research to date has not concluded that wind farms impact negatively on tourism.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 20 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

11.6.14 In relation to operational effects on tourism facilities and tourists within the wider context, it is likely that these would mainly be caused by landscape and visual changes (addressed in Chapter 8: Landscape and Visual Assessment). Therefore, excluding these changes, the Development is assessed as having a Neutral effect on tourism receptors. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Decommissioning Phase

11.6.15 Decommissioning activities are considered unlikely to directly impact on tourism in the area due to the relative distance between the Development and the main facilities identified in Section 11.4. The closest receptor would be the Clydach Vale Country Park, approximately 2km to the south east. Therefore, the Development is assessed as having a Neutral effect on tourism receptors. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Recreation

Construction Phase

11.6.16 Footpath Penygraig 16 runs between the proposed turbines and within 115m of Turbine 2 as shown on Figure 11.1. Bridleway Penygraig 14 runs within 115m of Turbine 1. During construction, there may need to be temporary access restrictions for health and safety reasons along these routes. A total length of approximately 1,600m of Footpath Penygraig 16 and approximately 1,000m of Bridleway Penygraig 14 may need to be temporarily diverted or closed during construction (a period of nine months) as discussed with RCTCBC RoW Officer.

11.6.17 Access to the Development is as shown in Figure 11.2. The access route would would cross a number of other PRoW (within RCTCBC and NPTCBC). These routes are shown in Figure 11.2. It is proposed to keep all PRoW along the access route open during construction, with the implementation of appropriate route management including crossing points and signage. If access along these PRoW needs to be restricted for health and safety or other reasons, temporary closures would be arranged as discussed with RCTCBC, NPTCBC and BCBC RoW Officers.

11.6.18 During construction, the Development would have a Minor negative effect on Footpath Penygraig 16, Bridleway Penygraig 14 and PRoW crossing the access route. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant. The Development would have a Neutral effect on all other recreation receptors during construction.

Operation Phase

11.6.19 Public access along the access route to the site would not be restricted during the operational phase of the Development.

11.6.20 As the turbines would be situated within 115m, turbine tip height, of Footpath Penygraig 16 and Bridleway Penygraig 14, two permissive alternative routes would be provided for the lifetime of the Development. Suggested routes for these are shown on Figure 11.1 and have been discussed and agreed with the RCTCBC

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 21 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

RoW Officer as acceptable options. These would ensure that the Development is situated as far as technically feasible from the routes.

11.6.21 During operation, the Development would have a Minor negative effect on Footpath Penygraig 16 and Bridleway Penygraig 14. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant. The Development would have a Neutral effect on all other recreation receptors during operation.

Decommissioning Phase

11.6.22 During decommissioning of the Development, it is anticipated that the effects would be similar, if not less, than those for the construction phase. The permissive alternative routes would no longer be required or in place as their permission would end at the end of the Development’s life. There may be a requirement to temporarily close or divert the routes for health and safety purposes.

11.6.23 During decommissioning, the Development would have a Minor negative effect on Footpath Penygraig 16, Bridleway Penygraig 14 and PRoW crossing the access route. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant. The Development would have a Neutral effect on all other recreation receptors during construction. 11.7 Mitigation Measures

11.7.1 Where PRoW are affected by the access route, temporary closures, diversions and management of crossing points would be implemented during construction and decommissioning, in consultation with the Public Rights of Way Officers of RCTCBC and NPTCBC. The implementation of the final Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) would ensure that disruption to PRoW are kept to a minimum and adequate warning signage would be provided at crossings of footpaths or bridleways. 11.8 Residual Effects

11.8.1 With the implementation of the mitigation measures outlined in Section 11.7, during construction, operation and decommissioning the Development would have a Minor negative effect on Footpath Penygraig 16, Bridleway Penygraig 14 and PRoW crossing the access route. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant. 11.9 Cumulative Effects

11.9.1 The Fforch Nest / Pant-y-Wal wind farm is situated approximately 2km to the north west of the Development. As it is currently operational it has been considered as part of the baseline environment. The extension to Pant-y-Wal wind farm is the only proposed development that is anticipated to have any potential for cumulative effects on land use, socio-economic, tourism or recreation receptors.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 22 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Land Use

11.9.2 The Pant-y-Wal wind farm extension would not have a cumulative effect on land use with the Development, as it is situated beyond the site boundary.

Socio-Economics

11.9.3 Construction of the Pant-y-Wal wind farm extension would bring socio-economic benefits within the study area, which would strengthen the local supply chain with respect to the provision of goods and services to the wind farm industry. The Development would support this improved supplier base locally during construction, resulting in a Minor positive cumulative effect. With regards to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Tourism

11.9.4 The extension to Pant-y-Wal wind farm is situated 4km from the Development. Having considered the design in the context of the local landscape already defined by wind turbines, it is considered the Development would have a Neutral effect on tourism receptors. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

Recreation

11.9.5 The Pant-y-Wal wind farm extension would not have a cumulative effect on recreation with the Development, as it is situated beyond the site boundary and the access route. 11.10 Summary and Conclusions

11.10.1 Table 11-8 provides a summary of the potential effects of the Development.

Table 11-8 Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Residual Effects

Potential Phase* Significance Embedded & Residual Effects Effect Prior to Bespoke Mitigation Mitigation Measures Loss of grazing C & D Minor Peat (>35cm Not Significant land Negative depth) avoided.

Track length kept to minimum. Loss of grazing O Neutral Not required Not Significant land

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 23 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Potential Phase* Significance Embedded & Residual Effects Effect Prior to Bespoke Mitigation Mitigation Measures Opportunities C, O & Minor Not required Not Significant for local D Positive employment and contracts Effect on local C, O & Neutral Not required Not Significant tourism D

Construction C & D Minor Temporary Not Significant works on or Negative closures, adjacent to diversions and PRoW and management of Bridleways crossing points (Bridleway Penygraig 14, Implement Footpath CEMP Penygraig 16, and access route crossing points). Location of O Minor Permissive Not Significant infrastructure Negative Alternative on or adjacent routes for to PRoW and Footpath Bridleways Penygraig 16 (Bridleway and Bridleway Penygraig 14, Penygraig 14 as Footpath shown on Figure Penygraig 16, 11.1. and access route crossing Improved points). surface in places to offer long term recreational benefit * - C = Construction, O = Operational, D = Decommissioning

11.10.2 Construction, operation and decommissioning changes to the agricultural use of the land are expected to be Not Significant. During construction, operation and decommissioning there are likely to be opportunities for local employment and contracts. This would be a minor positive short term effect and would therefore be Not Significant. During construction and decommissioning a number of PRoW would be affected. With the implementation of a permissive alternative to Footpath Penygraig 16 and Bridleway Penygraig 14 and implementation of temporary closures, diversions and management of crossing points the effect would be Not Significant.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 24 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

11.10.3 The effects of the Development on the human environment and land use during the construction, operational and decommissioning phases are concluded to be Minor Negative. With regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18), this effect would be considered Not Significant.

11.10.4 The overall effect of the Development during the construction, operational and decommissioning phases, with regard to the EIA Regulations (Ref 11-18) is considered to be Not Significant. 11.11 References

Ref 11-1 UK Government (1980) Highways Act.

Ref 11-2 UK Government (1990) Rights of Way Act.

Ref 11-3 UK Government (2000) Countryside and Rights of Way Act. Open Access Land Maps Available Online Ref 11-4 Welsh Government (2014) Planning Policy Wales 7th Edition. http://www.ccgc.gov.uk/enjoying-the-country/open-access- Ref 11-5 Welshland.aspx Government. (2005) TAN 8: Renewable Energy.

Ref 11-6 Welsh Government (2009) TAN 16: Sport, Recreation and Open Space. Ref 11-7 Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council (2008) Unitary Development Plan (UDP). Ref 11-8 Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council (2011) Local Development Plan (LDP). Ref 11-9 British Horse Society (BHS) (2010) Windfarms – Advisory Statement. Ref 11-10 Ordnance Survey (2015) Explorer 1:25,000 Maps.

Ref 11-11 Office for National Statistics (2011) 2011 Census Data Neighbourhood Statistics. Available Online: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ Ref 11-12 Office for National Statistics (2001) 2001 Census Data Neighbourhood Statistics. Available Online: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ Ref 11-13 Office for National Statistics (2011) Census Data 2001 and 2011. Available Online: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide- Ref 11-14 NOMISmethod/census/2011/index.html (2013) Labour Supply Data . Available Online: http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/gor/2092957698/report.asp Ref 11-15 Welshx Government (2014) Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Available Online: http://wales.gov.uk/statistics-and-research/welsh- index-multiple-deprivation/?lang=en Ref 11-16 RCTCBC (2014) Destination RCT. Online Resource: http://tourism.rctcbc.gov.uk/en/home.aspx

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 25 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement

Chapter 11 Human Environment and Land Use

Ref 11-17 RCTCBC (2013) Definitive Rights of Way (RoW) Mapping.

Ref 11-18 UK Government (1999) Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations (SI 1999 No 293). Ref 11-19 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) / Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF) (1988) Agricultural Land Classification System (Information provided by Welsh Government). Ref 11-20 RCTCBC (2007) Rhondda Cynon Taf Tourism Strategy – Reaching Destination RCT 2007-2013. Ref 11-21 Valleys Regional Park Initiative (2014). Online Resource: www.the valleys.org.uk/

Ref 11-22 BiGGAR Economics (2004) Economic Impact Assessment Study

on Wind. Farm Construction and Supply Chain Opportunities. Ref 11-23 British Wind Energy Association (May 2006) The Impact of Wind Farms on the Tourist Industry in the UK.

Mynydd Pen-y-Graig Wind Farm March 2015 Page 26 of Chapter 11 Environmental Statement