Turkey: Upping up the Anti Turkey, Strategically Placed Between Europe and Asia, Is Understandably Seen by Tobacco Companies As a Key Market

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Tobacco Control 2003;12:245–250 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.12.3.249 on 4 September 2003. Downloaded from

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Turkey: upping up the anti Turkey, strategically placed between Europe and Asia, is understandably seen by tobacco companies as a key market. The struggle to obtain comprehensive tobacco control legislation has been long and strewn with set- backs, as frequently reported in these pages (see Tobacco Control 2001;10:208). As with any legislation passed without a strong, cabinet-wide commitment to effective action on tobacco, there are limited resources, and more than a hint of limited enthusiasm, for monitoring and en- forcing the law. Blatant tobacco industry lobbying and promotional efforts aimed at establishing Formula 1 (F1) motor racing, in a country with no popular interest in motor sport, have now gone underground. However, In Turkey, overt tobacco promotion is still very evident, as illustrated by this Gitanes ad above there are frequent signs that tobacco a street sign to a bar. interests are still actively pushing for the establishment of motor racing as a handy means of mass cigarette promo- course already planning to take on Meanwhile, the newly inspired tion in the region, and it seems other tobacco issues in their regions. medical activists have been monitor- inevitable that a tobacco friendly F1 or Evidence of their new activities soon ing tobacco promotion, all of which is equivalent race will come to Turkey began to accumulate. In Ankara itself, now supposed to be illegal. Even http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ within a few years. meetings were arranged with parlia- before the end of the Ankara course, Meanwhile, the government has mentarians and national medical or- students spotted a nearby Gitanes ad continued to dither over the sale of ganisations, to press the government on a street sign to a bar, and arrange- Tekel, the tobacco monopoly. Govern- over the Tekel sale. In Mersin, on the ments were made to pursue this with ment and parliamentary sources have Mediterranean coast, a one hour live the authorities. In Bursa, in the west of indicated desperate lobbying by Brit- television programme was arranged; a the country, several child friendly ish American Tobacco (BAT) and oth- training workshop was held for local items were located which were more ers, some of it apparently involving doctors; and a stand was taken in the difﬁcult to deal with, as they had not conditions for a takeover that would centre of the city with a “death clock”, necessarily come from tobacco compa- effectively break the tobacco law. No to begin the long task of educating the nies themselves. Instead, they were public. In Trabzon, on the Black sea classic examples of the goodwill of wonder, then, that doctors, always at on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. the forefront of the campaign in coast, doctors went public with a major individual cigarette brands being so Turkey, have been trying to expand campaign, including a smoking cessa- great, and the social acceptability of their activities, taking tobacco control tion booth at a local health fair. smoking being so widespread, that to the regions and stepping up pres- manufacturers of other goods imitate sure to promote tobacco control to a cigarette brand characteristics to fully recognised national health prior- ity. Earlier this year, more than two dozen doctors took part in a week long training course in Ankara. Many were clinicians in charge of smoking cessation clinics in their hospitals and health centres. At least, they were when they arrived; but many left the

All articles written by David Simpson unless otherwise attributed. Ideas and items for News Analysis should be sent to David Simp- Some tobacco promotion in Turkey is son at the address given on the inside front complex, even unintended, as in this child’s cover jigsaw featuring the Marlboro logo, but with The “death clock”, used to educate the a small change to the name. Turkish public about the dangers of smoking.

www.tobaccocontrol.com 246 News analysis Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.12.3.249 on 4 September 2003. Downloaded from glamorise their products. Thus, an who doesn’t think secondhand smoke contact would be filtered through her inexpensive jigsaw was just one letter kills can just ask me. I want to be the lawyer. She heard no more about the away from advertising Marlboro. And last person to die from secondhand documentary, nor about the offer of in the playground of a large shopping smoke at work. I am the canary in the money and treatment. Who would mall that attracts tens of thousands of coal mine for the hospitality industry.” benefit from Heather not telling her customers every day, “dodgem” cars Brought up to do the right thing and story? were painted in imitations of Winfield not to be afraid of telling the truth, Heather meets legislators and occu- and Benson & Hedges F1 colours. The Heather’s sapphire blue eyes cloud pational health and safety officials as carefully painted village scene on the with sorrow and pain when she talks time permits between radiation, back wall of the dodgems circuit of the suffering lung cancer causes, chemotherapy, and the increasing included something so far entirely and briefly flash with anger when she need for rest as her condition deterio- alien to any Turkish village or city, a remembers the tobacco lobbyist who rates. Tobacco apologists have labelled motor racing circuit complete with a told her he had never seen a death cer- her the “anti-smoking poster girl”. West F1 car. tificate of anyone who had died from Had she been given a choice, Heather Turkish health advocates are deeply secondhand smoke. She made a public would have preferred a life of frugal concerned about the likelihood of con- promise that he will, in due course, obscurity planning her retirement in- tinuing attacks on the Tobacco Act. For receive a hand delivered copy of hers. stead of what has been imposed on all Turkey’s progress in recent years, The Ontario Workplace Safety and her: finalising her will, and planning leading to a possible application for Insurance Board accepted her claim, her funeral. European Union membership, some the first of its kind acknowledging aspects of its governmental and busi- tobacco smoke caused injury in the GORGINA LOVELL ness life, including corruption, still workplace. She received C$40 000 Vancouver, BC, Canada; render it vulnerable to abuse by compensation and lives on C$220 a [email protected] unscrupulous companies. The inter- week. During this intensely personal national tobacco control movement time Heather Crowe could maximise Germany: BAT’s sick played a major role in helping Turkish her remaining days with her beloved colleagues to get their law. It may soon daughter and granddaughter. Instead, notes be called upon again to help them to she chooses to represent the Physi- BAT Germany recently released its preserve it. cians for a Smoke-Free Canada as an social report for 2003. Where tobacco unpaid volunteer when she implores is concerned, Germany is the sick man Canada: legislators from coast to coast to of western Europe. Rampant tobacco protect all workers (not just govern- promotion saturates youth oriented courageous canary ment officials in high rise offices) from media, especially student publications, 20 March 2002—a date Heather Crowe the avoidable workplace hazard and the government is infamous would like to forget, but never will. A known as tobacco smoke pollution. among its European Union partners http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ 57 year old grandmother, Heather had Heather left school at around 15 and for taking a fiercely pro-tobacco line at consulted her physician about myste- says she represents countless hospital- intergovernmental negotiations (see rious lumps on the right side of her ity workers with minimal training, Tobacco Control 2002;11:90, 291–3). So neck, possibly an ear infection, easily families to feed, and limited career it takes more than average industry treated with antibiotics. At the follow choices. When diagnosed, Heather duplicity for a German tobacco com- up appointment for test results, on the worked 60 hour weeks and earned pany to portray itself as socially re- above date, the news of Heather’s con- C$12 000 a year as a waitress. Since sponsible. dition ambushed and assaulted her: the Ottawa smoking ban in August But even German health advocates, locally advanced adenocarcinoma of 2002, her former employer’s business accustomed to industry excesses not the left upper lobe of her lung, a has increased by 40%. She ruefully seen for many years in other western condition her enlarged lymph nodes, observes the ban arrived too late to European countries, were amazed to on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. now cancerous, could no longer hide. help her. see the front cover of this entirely pre- Another word attached itself to her Following publicity about her case, a dictable example of the tobacco indus- prognosis: inoperable. Heather’s stage stranger telephoned Heather, saying try’s “We’ve changed” public relations 3B lung cancer offers a 15% chance of he wanted to interview and film her policy. being alive five years from the date of for a documentary. When she met him, At first glance, and even on a second diagnosis. Her doctors advised that she got the impression he feared she inspection, the cover of the latest without treatment she had 10 months would change her mind. After an glossy bundle of industry make be- to live. With radiation and chemo- in-depth interview, he advised Heather lieve, which differed significantly from therapy she could buy some time. her story lacked sufficient interest for that of BAT’s first social report (June Three subsequent biopsies confirmed his alleged proposed documentary, 2002), bore an unmistakeable resem- doctors’ suspicions: secondhand and the apparently real reason for his blance to a German public health smoke was the causative factor of her visit began to surface. He asked how report on tobacco published in Sep- lung tumour. she would respond if someone offered tember 2002. Heather never smoked, nor lived her a lot of money for exclusive rights Many tobacco companies have paro- with anyone who smoked, but worked to her story? He mentioned treatment died the design of health documents, for 40 years as a waitress in restau- at the Mayo Clinic, new, expensive often to try to devalue them, or even rants where smoking had been per- drugs to treat lung cancer, and taking use them as crude marketing ploys mitted. “The air in that restaurant was care of her every need and those of her (for example, BAT’s “Think and Win” blue with cigarette smoke,” she re- family when her “time came”. True to scheme in Uganda, taking off the called. “We didn’t like it, but we had no character, she ordered him out of her international Quit and Win smoking idea how dangerous it was. Anyone house and advised him that further cessation programme—see Tobacco

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gives publicity to, or otherwise pro- motes or is intended to promote . . .smoking.” The Australian fashion industry is laced with examples of making smoking a chic accessory. Leading fashion designer Wayne Cooper has been in the spotlight for antics such as sending models down the runway with pro- vocative slogans on T shirts such as “Can I Smoke In Here?”. The most insidious linkage of fashion and smoking has occurred through fashion events set up by Philip Morris under the guise of the “Wavesnet” brand. SUPRÉ defended its actions, saying it was a “tongue in cheek” exercise pok- ing fun at girls who smoke to be thin. “We are in the business of selling clothing and putting smart-alec slogans on clothing. I really don’t under- stand the drama,” said general man- Spot the difference! The covers of the German public health report on tobacco (left panel) and ager Stephen Patrick. Despite this, the BAT’s own social report for 2003 (right panel). company withdrew the T shirt: “Clearly it was inappropriate and the Control 2000;9:271). Nowadays, as part of Australia’s tobacco advertising laws shirt never went into full production,” of their attempts to reinvent them- prohibiting the publication of tobacco Mr Patrick said. Quit Victoria has selves after exposure of their past dis- advertisements. referred the matter to the Australian honesty in the Minnesota documents Quit Victoria purchased one of the government for action under the To- and similar revelations, big tobacco figure hugging women’s T shirts in bacco Advertising Prohibition Act. The companies are trying a different ap- Melbourne; similar shirts were pur- Act carries a maximum penalty of proach. They attempt to set up dia- chased in Perth, Western Australia. A$12 000. Around 6000 women die in logues with health organisations and SUPRÉ, with 101 stores across Aus- Australia each year from smoking others that are trying to address the tralia, describes itself as a hip brand for massive damage to health caused by related illness. The T shirt trivialises young women. SUPRÉ’s website says the leading cause of preventable death tobacco, as if to suggest that they are http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ its mission is to be at the forefront of among Australian women. It seems somehow linked together as col- global youth fashion: “SUPRÉ will leagues. almost beyond belief that a clothing definitely achieve this by focussing on: chain that targets young women It is hard to escape the conclusion more fashion, better music, maximum that BAT wanted to associate itself would actively promote such an irre- excitement, total fun and much more sponsible message. with public health policy, to be seen as sex appeal!!” However, the sale of the an equal voice discussing policy to shirt may breach section 15 of Austral- TODD HARPER tackle Germany’s largest preventable ia’s Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Quit, Melbourne, Australia; disease problem, or even just to create Act. The Act defines a “tobacco adver- [email protected] confusion to take the focus off the well tisement” to mean “any writing . . .that publicised health report. That report, from the highly respected Deutsches Sri Lanka: BAT’s Krebsforschungszentrum (the Ger- hack trick on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. man cancer research centre DKFZ), contains a comprehensive summary of Despite persistent activity by energetic the current state of knowledge on and dedicated groups and individuals tobacco control issues, and sets out in Sri Lanka, there is still little sign of recommendations for effective action the government really embracing to- to curb Germany’s tobacco epidemic. bacco control; and there are still The tobacco industry supports none of frequent reminders of which side them; and its only pretence at action, seems to be winning the tobacco war. the familiar cosmetic, ineffective youth One reason may be that in official cir- campaigns, are probably making cles, and among the business commu- things worse. nity, the tobacco industry is still not seen as the pariah it is, allowing it ANNETTE BORNHÄUSER access to activities that only serve to DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; prolong its ability to suppress the [email protected] widespread dissemination of the health message. Australia: smoke to The Editors Guild of Sri Lanka recently honoured five senior journal- be thin T shirts featuring this distinctly unhelpful message directed at young women went on ists with gold medals for long and dis- “Smoke to be Thin” screamed the sale in Australia, but were subsequently tinguished service, at its annual “Jour- women’s T shirt that will become a test withdrawn. nalism Awards for Excellence”

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BAT uses the same trick in other I was joined by Simon Chapman, countries. For several years, its spon- Editor of Tobacco Control, whose father sorship of a sports journalism award in had Irish blood, Scott Leischow of the Uganda seemed to do the trick, with National Cancer Institute, whose few journalists willing to mention how mother is a Rooney, a descendent from utterly incompatible cigarettes were Cork, and Danny McGoldrick of To- with sporting achievement. But even- bacco Free Kids, who has relatives tually, bad publicity led the Uganda from Donegal and holds dual US/Irish sports press association to give them citizenship. To avoid biased responses, the push (see Tobacco Control Simon posed as an Australian bar- 2000;9:269–70). Sri Lankan colleagues worker from Sydney, a city considering can take heart that despite the seem- a similar ban. We surveyed the Irish ingly impenetrable alliance between owners, workers or patrons of four tobacco and the hacks, it can be done. public houses, querying them on the ban’s effect on business, work environment, and rowdiness. USA: when Irish Of the four visited, none had signifi- eyes are smarting cant compliance issues except one Irish pubs are best known for their patron lighting up in the last establish- superb Guinness, outstanding music, ment visited. He took it outside after a and pervasive smoking. But, if Irish few silent stares. There was no signifi- Minister of Health Michael Martin has cant smoking outside, and certainly no sidewalk disturbances, although the No sooner had the Indian parliament his way, smoking will be gone by declared a ban on tobacco advertising and January 2004 from all Irish work- number of smokers congregating out- promotion than Godfrey Philips, Indian places, including restaurants and side appeared to increase within the subsidiary of Philip Morris, placed this ad on pubs. hour as evidenced by our return trip billboards all over Mumbai (formerly past one of the places visited earlier. Bombay), promoting its Platinum cigarettes. When he announced the legislation In addition, they got the popular local last spring, it made headlines through- None reported any fights or the like, newspaper Mid Day to distribute leaflets out America and politicians from typically saying “This is Manhattan”. carrying the same ad, with more printed on Maine to Florida declared, “If Ireland Some suggested that bars in the other many pages. The leaflet also announced a can do it, so can we”. As a hidden ben- boroughs probably were not comply- contest, for which entrants had to buy the ing. cigarettes. Ironically the leaflet, titled efit of the new law, other European “Understanding Women”, explored the nations may emulate the Celtic anti- Three of the four establishments emerging roles of the new Indian woman. As smoking tiger. But it’s not a done deal. stated that business was off (typically with many countries in the region, cigarette Opposition is strong from pub owners 20–30%) since the ban, but two of http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ smoking rates are low among women, those three were quite good natured presenting a tempting potential new market who cite the supposed economic harm for western tobacco companies. that the recent New York City smoking about the situation, saying essentially ban has had on its Irish bars. that “it is what it is; you just deal with Over the past few years, I have it”. The fourth said business may have ceremony held at a prestigious hotel in visited Ireland often, both north and fallen off a bit immediately following Mount Lavinia. One of the co-sponsors south, exporting elements of the Mas- the ban, but that he sensed it was was Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC), sachusetts tobacco control successes to already coming back. When asked BAT’s local subsidiary. Others, who still my ancestors’ turf. Tom Power, the about the potential for the ban in his do not seem to fear their brand images head of Ireland’s office of tobacco con- homeland (Ireland), he replied that becoming tainted with tobacco, in- trol, understands that the basis of suc- “it’s going to happen everywhere” so cluded a national airline, banks, the cess is changing social norms through we might as well get used to it. on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. national lotteries board, the board of clean air policies. He is as politically None of the bars was packed, but control for cricket, and several savvy as any Irish American politician nor were they by any means empty, newspaper groups. In all the feel good and used his skills to pass the ban. At especially for a quiet Wednesday night, publicity, it is hardly surprising to find a recent meeting in the Irish city of and our sample was taken relatively a lack of reporting on the massive Dundalk, Tom asked me to find out if early in the evening (roughly 9–11 health and social costs imposed by the the claims about New York were true. pm). The crowds appeared to grow as products of one of the sponsors; and In June, a meeting in New York City the night wore on. In at least one of the journalists tempted to bite the hand on international tobacco education establishments, the four of us couldn’t that feeds the scheme are risking their media campaigns provided that oppor- get a spot at the bar, but there were copy being spiked, at the very least, or tunity. It was held near the United tables available. Their responses possibly more serious professional Nations on 44th Street and 2nd Av- seemed scripted, and I thought back to consequences. Last year, The Island enue. Walking around the hotel you’d comments I heard in Dublin that the newspaper printed comments from a think you were in Dublin. On every pub owners of New York and Dublin health advocate criticising the awards street corner there was an Irish pub, were working together to oppose the scheme and pointing out how it and on 50th Street and 2nd Avenue Irish ban. A 2002 California study prevented journalists from writing there were three. What a research found meals and alcohol tax payments freely about tobacco. But this small opportunity! After dinner we put rose after its bars went smoke-free in success was short lived: two days later, together a team of four expert re- 1998 and that by 2002, 75% of bar the paper did a U turn, running a searchers to study how the New York owners and employees said they pre- sharp attack on the health worker’s smoking ban affected the Irish bars. ferred to work in a smoke-free envi- comments. We also decided to study the brew. ronment, compared to 47% in 1998. A

www.tobaccocontrol.com News analysis 249 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.12.3.249 on 4 September 2003. Downloaded from recent Irish survey found nearly 70% GREG CONNOLLY of bar patrons supported the ban, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; including 40% of smokers. Of the 30% [email protected] who oppose the ban, half were non- DANNY MCGOLDRICK smokers. It also found that 13% of New York, NY, USA; people said they would visit bars more [email protected] often for a drink once the ban was in place and 12% said they would visit less often. More interestingly, 20% said UK: gutter press they would visit smoke-free bars more Now that new, stronger health warn- often for a meal compared to 7% who ings are beginning to appear on British said they would visit less often. The cigarette packs, a new form of health place in which the barkeeper said education has been appearing up and business was coming back poured the down the country. Thanks to the care- best Guinness. Perhaps that’s the key less habits of many British smokers, explanatory variable. who discard massive amounts of ciga- One bartender complained about rette litter on pavements and streets everything from Mayor Bloomberg to every day, the eye of even the least anti-smoking zealots. The words he curious pedestrian is frequently Bolder warnings on cigarette packs sold in used to describe the Mayor would have caught by stark messages blaring out the UK appear to be having the desired effect, with calls to smoking help lines greatly shocked any Irish nun. I never met from the gutter. increasing. such a complainer in Ireland and con- One hardened smoker, a journalist cluded that he was really a New Yorker on the tabloid Daily Mirror, admitted he with a brogue. We found workers in all was so alarmed by the stark messages new labels during the ﬁrst four the pubs enjoying the smoke-free that he resolved to quit. “I was months of 2003, an increase of 12% in environment, no smelly clothes, and queuing for a packet of 20, minding call levels. The new warnings, intro- less risk of disease. my own business, when I saw the duced in January following a Euro- We concluded our research around words screaming at me from behind pean Union directive, cover 30% of the 11 pm with a toast to Mayor Bloom- the counter: ‘Smoking clogs the arter- front of cigarette packets and 40% of berg and the Irish health minister, ies and causes heart attacks and the back. A thick, black border adds a Michael Martin. To our Irish cousins strokes’ and ‘Smoking can cause a further 10% to the warning area. All we can report that the city ban is slow and painful death.’ And these cigarette packets sold in the UK must working well. Stick with it and keep aren’t just anybody’s arteries, heart, carry the warnings by September. making the excellent brew. After all, skin or lungs—the warnings seem to “Guinness is good for you”, as the be aimed at me in particular.” Middle East: religion http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ advertising slogan used to say, but The new series of warnings, one on “Smoke-free Guinness is even better”. the front and a different one on the against tobacco As is the case with any such investiga- back of every pack, have triggered a Tobacco use is a social problem and tion, a great deal more research is by large increase in calls to the National controlling it requires real change in all means called for. We can’t wait to Health Service’s smoking telephone social beliefs and norms. One thing that do a follow up study in smoke-free help line. More than 10 000 people has worked successfully in this regard Dublin next year. Slainte! said they were driven to call by the throughout the centuries in countries on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright.

In Pakistan, health advocates designed posters to promote activities for World No Tobacco Day in May, including this one (left panel). Others were printed in national newspapers, sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. Equally eyecatching were these banners with robust messages about tobacco, used in a rally in Karachi (right panel).

www.tobaccocontrol.com 250 News analysis Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.12.3.249 on 4 September 2003. Downloaded from of the Eastern Mediterranean region is 5000 posters and 5000 tapes. More- religion. Thus, whenever possible, a over, retailers are required to post anti- religious message should be activated at smoking messages and health warn- all different levels. ings on the front windows of their Under a plan of action developed in shops; licences are neither being given the World Health Organization’s East- nor renewed to tobacco agents, whose ern Mediterranean Regional Office operations have now been moved to (EMRO), the fatwa (religious edict) on the outskirts of Medina; 20 restau- smoking, issued by the Grand Mufti of rants, cafés, and similar establish- Egypt, was summarised and the sum- ments were closed during the morning mary approved by the Grand Mufti hours, to prohibit them from selling himself as well as the national author- shisha (tobacco mixed with molasses ity concerned. Eighty thousand post- and fruit flavours) to students; anti- ers of the summarised ruling were smoking committees were formed in prepared and distributed all over Egypt various localities to spread the tobacco within five days during the month of control message; and due to cultural Ramadan. sensitivities, a committee of women Of these 80 000 posters, 53 000 were was also formed to carry the message distributed to mosques. The poster was of tobacco control to women. also placed in main squares and These awareness campaigns in Me- streets, and Egypt’s Minister of Health dina led to more than 3000 men and BAT’s promotional campaign, “Experience and Population decided to have it 1600 women calling in, requesting It”, featuring five Hollywood movies. At the events, young people were given free displayed in all public hospitals. information on smoking related issues. In addition, 200 retailers have cigarettes, and even given help to light them. EMRO staff also met the Pope of the stopped selling tobacco products. In Coptic Church, after which he re- Mecca and Medina, both smoking and quested a bishop to write on the the sale of cigarettes have been prohib- Christian view on smoking (http:// ing six geopolitical regions. At ited within a certain radius of the holy www.emro.who.int/tfi/EMROleads- “Experience It” events, young people mosques as well as near schools. In christianview.htm). This was trans- were given free cigarettes and “start- addition, no form of tobacco advertis- lated into English and posted on the ers”, as they tend to be known among ing is now permitted around these tobacco industry people, were helped TFI/EMRO website in connection with holy zones. the 2001 WNTD. to light them. The venue was a 500 seat Moreover, Saudi Arabia is one of FATIMAH EL AWA dome with wide screen. BAT defended EMRO’s key member states that has EMRO-WHO, Cairo, Egypt; the campaign, saying that it was to exerted tremendous efforts, particu- [email protected] “promote cinema culture”, but health http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ larly during the last pilgrimage season advocates say the campaign was really (2003), in activating and promoting Nigeria: experience used to launch new packaging for the religious message in the two holy Rothmans cigarettes. Nigeria has no cities of Mecca and Medina. In Febru- it, die from it tobacco control regulation and the ary 2003, billboards carrying anti- Last November, BAT launched a pro- government actively supports BAT ac- smoking messages were posted all motional campaign called “Experience tivities. around Mecca. Posters, brochures, It” in Nigeria, featuring five block- pamphlets, and stickers were also buster Hollywood films. All five movies ADEOLA AKINREMI handed out to three million pilgrims, screened or advertised—Ocean’s SEUN AKIOYE in six different languages. Eleven, Matrix, ShowTime, Romeo Journalists Advocacy for Safe Environment & Similar activities were also adopted Must Die, and Collateral Damage—are Tobacco Eradication, Lagos, Nigeria; on September 28, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. in Medina; 500 000 brochures and Warner Bros productions. The promo- [email protected] pamphlets were distributed as well as tional campaign was national, reach- [email protected]