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Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) Â Ëóãàíñêîì Ïðèðîäíîì Çàïîâåäíèêå (Óêðàèíà)

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Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)  Ëóãàíñêîì Ïðèðîäíîì Çàïîâåäíèêå (Óêðàèíà) Vestnik zoologii, 43(3): 217–229, 2009 ÓÄÊ 595.786.591.5+591.9(292.516) ÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÀ ÂÈÄÎÂÎÃÎ ÑÎÑÒÀÂÀ È ×ÈÑËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÎÂÎÊ (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE)  ËÓÃÀÍÑÊÎÌ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÇÀÏÎÂÅÄÍÈÊÅ (ÓÊÐÀÈÍÀ) Ç. Ô. Êëþ÷êî Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè èì. È. È. Øìàëüãàóçåíà ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 15, Êèåâ, 01601 Óêðàèíà Ïðèíÿòî 25 àïðåëÿ 2008 Äèíàìèêà âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà è ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîâîê (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) â Ëóãàíñêîì ïðèðîäíîì çàïîâåäíèêå (Óêðàèíà). Êëþ÷êî Ç. Ô. — Îáîáùåíû äàííûå ìíîãîëåòíèõ (1965–2007 ãã.) ñáîðîâ è íàáëþäåíèé îòíîñèòåëüíî ôàóíû ñîâîê çàïîâåäíèêà. Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû èçìåíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà è ÷èñëåííîñòè, ôåíîëîãèÿ, àðåàëû è ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå 318 âèäîâ èç 144 ðîäîâ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, ôàóíà, âèä, òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç, äèíàìèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè, àðåàë, «Ñòðåëüöîâñêàÿ ñòåïü». Dynamics of Content and Number of the Moths Species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Lugansk Natural Reserve (Ukraine). Klyuchko Z. F. — Results of long-term monitoring (1965–2007) of moths fauna in the “Striltsivskiy Steppe” Natural Reserve are summarized. Changes of species composition, moth number for each species and total numbers, species distribution, their seasonal dynamics, changes in ecological structure in reserve are analyzed for 318 species (from 144 genera). Key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, fauna, species composition, taxonomic analysis, distribution, seasonal dynamics, “Striltsivskiy Steppe” Natural Reserve. Ââåäåíèå  îñíîâó ñòàòüè ïîëîæåíû ìàòåðèàëû, ñîáðàííûå â 1965–2007 ãã. â Ìåëîâñêîì ð-íå Ëóãàíñêîé îáë. â îòäåëåíèè Ëóãàíñêîãî ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåäíèêà «Ñòðåëüöîâñêàÿ ñòåïü» (ïëîùàäü 1036,5164 ãà), ðàñïîëîæåííîì áëèç ñ. Êðèíè÷íîå íà âîäîðàçäåëå ìåæäó äâóìÿ áàëêàìè, âïàäàþùèìè â äîëèíó ð. ×åðåïàõè (âîäîñáîð ð. Êàìûøíîé) íà þæíîé îêðàèíå Ñðåäíåðóññêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè. Ñðåäíå- ãîäîâàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà âîçäóõà ñîñòàâëÿåò 6,6°Ñ, ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ ñóììà îñàäêîâ 462 ìì. Ýòî òèïè÷íûé îáðàçåö äîíåöêî-äîíñêèõ ñòåïåé (Steppa genuina herboso-graminosa), à èìåííî ãèãðîòè÷åñêèé âàðèàíò ðàçíîòðàâíî-òèï÷àêîâî-êîâûëüíîé ñòåïè. Ñ 1931 ã. «Ñòðåëüöîâñêàÿ ñòåïü» âêëþ÷åíà â ïðèðîäîîõðàííóþ ñåòü, îäíàêî ëèøü â 1953 ã. ïðåêðàùåíî åå èíòåíñèâíîå ïàñòáèùíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå. Ïî äàííûì ïðîâåäåííîé â 1969 ã. ïåðâîé ãåîáîòàíè÷åñêîé ñúåìêè, â òî âðåìÿ ïðîèñõîäèëî âîññòàíîâëåíèå õàðàêòåðíûõ çîíàëüíûõ çëàêîâûõ äîìèíàíò è ðàñøèðåíèå êóñòàðíèêîâîé ñòåïè.  ðåçóëüòàòå ãåîáîòàíè÷åñêîãî (1982 ã.) è ðåèíâåí- òàðèçàöèîííîãî îáñëåäîâàíèé (1992 ã.) îáíàðóæèëè èíòåíñèâíûå èçìåíåíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïîêðîâà è óñëîæíåíèå ñîîáùåñòâ. Ñðåäè íèõ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ïîñòîÿííûìè îñòàâàëèñü êóñòàðíèêîâûå ñòåïè; ïîÿâèëîñü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ëåñíûõ êóñòàðíèêîâ è äåðåâüåâ (Òêà÷åíêî è äð., 2004). Áåçóñëîâíî, èçìåíåíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè îêàçàëè âëèÿíèå íà âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèòîôàãîâ, â ÷àñòíîñòè ñîâîê. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû Èññëåäîâàíèå âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà ñîâîê «Ñòðåëüöîâñêîé ñòåïè» íà÷àëîñü â 1965 ã. ýíòîìîëîãè- ÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèåé Êèåâñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (ðóêîâîäèòåëü Ç. Ô. Êëþ÷êî). Áëèç êîíòîðû çàïî- âåäíèêà áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû 2 ñâåòîëîâóøêè ñ ëàìïîé íàêàëèâàíèÿ ìîùíîñòüþ 300 Âò è ðòóòíî- êâàðöåâîé ÑÂÄØ–2, íà íèõ ñ 27.05 ïî 16.09.1965 ñîáðàíû áîëåå 10 000 ñîâîê 178 âèäîâ (Kljutschko, 1970; Êëþ÷êî, 1973).  ðåçóëüòàòå ðåâèçèè ðîäà Hadena Schrank ïî ìàòåðèàëàì èç óêðàèíñêèõ ñòåïåé, â òîì ÷èñëå îòäåëåíèÿ «Ñòðåëüöîâñêàÿ ñòåïü», îïèñàíû 2 íîâûõ âèäà Hadena persimilis Hacker è 218 Ç. Ô. Êëþ÷êî H. scythia Kljutschko & Hacker (Hacker, 1996; Kljutschko, Hacker, 1996). Óòî÷íåíû îïðåäåëåíèÿ åùå íåñêîëüêèõ ñîâîê èç ñáîðîâ 1965 ã., â êîíå÷íîì èòîãå â ñáîðàõ 1965 ã. çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí 191 âèä.  ïîñëåäóþùèå ïî÷òè 40 ëåò ñáîðû ñîâîê çäåñü áûëè ñïîðàäè÷åñêèìè, îáû÷íî ïðîäîëæèòåëü- íîñòü ñîñòàâëÿëà íåñêîëüêî âå÷åðíèõ ÷àñîâ â òå÷åíèå 1–6 ñóòîê. Òàêèì îáðàçîì îòëîâëåíî îêîëî 300 áàáî÷åê 132 âèäîâ (â òîì ÷èñëå 64 âèäà, íå îáíàðóæåííûõ â 1965 ã.). Ñðåäè ñáîðùèêîâ óïîìÿíåì Â. Í. Ãðàììó (èþíü 1969 ã.), Î. Â. Ïàêà (èþíü è àâãóñò 1996 ã., ìàé è èþëü 1997 ã., ìàé 1998 ã., èþíü 1999 ã.), Â. Ë. Ïåðåïå÷àåíêî (ìàé 1998 ã.), À. Â. Áèäçèëþ (5–10.07.2002), Â. Ï. Ôîðîùóêà è Ï. Í. Øåøóðàêà (èþëü 2002). Îïðåäåëèëà ñîâîê Ç. Ô. Êëþ÷êî, íåêîòîðûå ñëîæíûå âèäû — À. Þ. Ìàòîâ (Êëþ÷êî, 2001 (2002), 2003 (2006); Êëþ÷êî è äð., 2001; Êëþ÷êî, Øåøóðàê, 2005; Êëþ÷- êî, Ìàòîâ, 2007, 2008). Ïîñëå îáðàáîòêè êîëëåêöèè È. Ã. Ñåâåðîâà ñïèñîê âèäîâ ñîâîê «Ñòðåëüöîâ- ñêîé ñòåïè» âêëþ÷àë â ñåáÿ 250 âèäîâ (Êëþ÷êî è äð., 2006). Ïîñëå áîëüøîãî ïîæàðà (àïðåëü 2003 ã.) è ãèáåëè çíà÷èòåëüíîé ÷àñòè òðàâÿíèñòîé è êóñòàðíè- êîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè çàïîâåäíèêà îòëîâ íàñåêîìûõ, â òîì ÷èñëå ñîâîê, áûë ïðåêðàùåí.  2006–2007 ãã. ïî ïðèãëàøåíèþ äèðåêòîðà Ëóãàíñêîãî ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Ò. Â. Ñîâû âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ÷èñëåííîñòü ñîâîê èçó÷àëè È. Ã. Ñåâåðîâ è Ç. Ô. Êëþ÷êî (18.07–10.09.2006 è 29.04–31.07.2007), áàáî÷êè ñîáðàíû â îñíîâíîì íà ñâåò äâóõ ëàìï ÄÐË ìîùíîñòüþ 250 Âò è 500 Âò, íåáîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ñîáðàíî ñà÷êîì âî âðåìÿ äíåâíûõ ýêñêóðñèé èëè âûâåäåíî èç ãóñåíèö è êóêîëîê, îïðåäåëåíû áîëåå 2900 îñ. áàáî÷åê 260 âèäîâ (Êëþ÷êî, Ñåâåðîâ, 2006). Ïîäîáíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûïîëíåíû ðàíåå íà ìàòåðèàëàõ ïî íåñêîëüêèì ñåìåéñòâàì ÷åøóåêðû- ëûõ íàñåêîìûõ, â òîì ÷èñëå ñîâêàì Äàóðñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà (ÐÔ, Çàáàéêàëüå) (Õîìåíêî è äð., 2004). Ðåçóëüòàòû è îáñóæäåíèå  «Ñòðåëüöîâñêîé ñòåïè» ñ 1965 ã. ïî íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû 318 âèäîâ èç 144 ðîäîâ ñîâîê. Òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî íàè- áîëüøåå êîëè÷åñòâî âèäîâ ñîäåðæàò 17 ðîäîâ: Cucullia (21 âèä), Hadena (13), Mithymna (12), Acronicta (10), Catocala è Apamea (ïî 9), Xestia (8), Lacanobia, Euxoa è Agrotis (ïî 7), Eublemma è Caradrina (ïî 6), Lygephila, Amphipyra, Sideridis, Orthosia è Noctua (ïî 5). Õàðàêòåðíîé îñîáåííîñòüþ ôàóíû ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðîäîâ, ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ 1–4 âèäàìè, — 127 èëè 88,2%. Äðóãàÿ îñîáåííîñòü çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ñîáðàííûõ â ðàçíûå ãîäû ñîâîê çàìåòíî îòëè÷àåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâîì: 191 âèä — â 1965 ã. ïðîòèâ 260 — â 2006–2007 ãã. (òàáë. 1). Ïðè ñðàâíåíèè âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ÷àñòîòû âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ñîáðàííûõ â 1965 è 2006–2007 ãã. ñîâîê îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû óìåíüøèëàñü ÷èñëåííîñòü ëåòÿùèõ íà ñâåò áàáî÷åê, ìàññîâûé ë¸ò èìàãî ìû íå ðåãèñòðèðî- âàëè íè ó îäíîãî âèäà. Äëÿ óäîáñòâà ñîâêè áûëè ðàçáèòû íà 4 ãðóïïû: ìàññî- âûå — çà ñåçîí ñîáðàíî 100 è áîëüøå áàáî÷åê, îáû÷íûå — 21–99, ðåäêèå — 6–20, åäèíè÷íûå — 1–5 áàáî÷åê. Ïðè ýòîì 29 âèäîâ èç çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ â 1965 ã. íå îáíàðóæåíû â 2006–2007 ãã., ñðåäè íèõ ìàññîâûå âèäû: Omphalophana antirrhinii (535*), Hydrillula pallustris (218*), Pachetra sagittigera (918*), Sideridis lam- pra (1158*), Agrotis cinerea (551*), îáû÷íûå Chersotis alpestris (52*), Euxoa distin- quenda (34*), ðåäêèå è åäèíè÷íûå: Cucullia argentina, C. magnifica, C. lactea, Oncocnemis confusa, Aedophron rhodites, Luperina taurica, Gortyna borelii, Cleoceris sco- riacea, Egira anatolica, Anarta dianthi, A. stigmosa, Cardepia hartigi, Conisania leineri, C. literata, Lacanobia blenna, Enterpia laudeti, Hadena persimilis, Euxoa recussa, Diarsia florida, Chersotis deplanata, Xestia ashworthii è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå.  2006–2007 ãã. ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ 1965 ã. ÷àñòü ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ïåðåøëà â ðàíã îáû÷íûõ è ðåäêèõ: Acontia trabealis (32 ïðîòèâ 986*), Epimecia ustula (7 ïðîòèâ 220*), Autographa gamma (13 ïðîòèâ 100*), Sideridis reticulata (4 ïðîòèâ 409*), à íåêîòîðûå îáû÷íûå — â ðàíã åäèíè÷íûõ: Caradrina wullschlegeli (1 ïðîòèâ 53*), Saragossa siccanorum (1 ïðîòèâ 30*), Episema glaucina (1 ïðîòèâ 76*) è äð. Íàáëþäàëñÿ è îáðàòíûé ïðîöåññ — óâåëè÷èëàñü ÷àñòîòà âñòðå÷àåìîñòè Actinotia polyodon (52 ïðîòèâ 1*), Amphipoea fucosa (50 ïðîòèâ 1*), Abrostola asclepiadis (26 ïðîòèâ 2*). * Êîëè÷åñòâî áàáî÷åê äàííîãî âèäà, ñîáðàííûõ â 1965 ã. Äèíàìèêà âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà è ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîâîê… 219 Òàáëèöà 1. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ñîâîê ïî ãîäàì è ôàóíèñòè÷åñêèì êîìïëåêñàì â «Ñòðåëüöîâñêîé ñòåïè» Table 1. Noctuidae species number and their distribution according to faunistic complexes and years of col- lection in “Striltsivskiy Steppe” Êîëè÷åñòâî, îñ. Òèï Áèîòîïè- ÷åñêàÿ Âèä àðåà- ïðèóðî- ëà 1996– ÷åííîñòü 1965 ã. 2007 ã. 2006 ã. 2002 ãã. Meganola albula ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 2 ÒÏ Ëëñ Bena bicolorana (Fuessly, 1775) 8 2 4 1 ÇÏ Ëëñ Pseudoips prasinana (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 1 ÒÏ Ëëñ Nycteola asiatica (Krulikovsky, 1904) 2 3 1 ÒÏ Ëëñ N. siculana (Fuchs, 1899) 1 E Ëëñ Earias clorana (Linnaeus, 1761) 1 1 1 ÅÑ Ëëñ Rivula sericealis (Scopoli, 1763) 3 11 2 ÒÏ Ëá Parascotia fuliginaria (Linnaeus, 1761) 1 à Ëëñ Calymma communimacula ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 3 ÑÐ Ëëñ Odice arcuinna (Hubner, 1790) 7 3 ÅÖÀ Ëñò Eublemma minutata (Fabricius, 1794) 2 2 ÇÏ Ëñò E. panonica (Freyer, 1840) 2 ÑÐ Ëñò E. rosea (Hubner, 1790) 2 2 ÅÖÀ Ëñò E. amoena (Hubner, [1803]) 3 5 3 ÇÏ Ëñò E. purpurina ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 31 21 8 ÇÏ Ëñò E. pusilla (Eversmann, 1837) 1 3 1 ÅÖÀ Ëñò Tarachidia candefacta (Hubner, 1831) 6 3 Ì Ýâ Paracolax tristalis (Fabricius, 1794) 1 1 4 ÒÏ Ëëñ Herminia tarsicrinalis (Knoch, 1782) 2 ÒÏ Ëëñ Pechipogo strigilata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 ÒÏ Ëëñ P. plumigeralis (Hubner, [1825]) 2 ÇÏ Ëëñ Zanclognatha lunalis (Scopoli, 1763) 3 1 ÒÏ Ëëñ Hypena proboscidalis (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 2 3 ÒÏ Ëëñ H. rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 3 2 ÅÑ Ëëñ H. opulenta (Christoph, 1877) 2 ÑÁÒ Ëñò Phytometra viridaria (Clerck, 1759) 30 1 2 2 ÒÏ Ëñò Colobochyla salicalis ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 2 3 19 ÒÏ Ëëñ Laspeyria flexula ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 2 ÒÏ Ëëñ Calyptra thalictri (Borkhausen, 1790) 2 2 ÒÏ Ëëñ Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 1 2 à Ëëñ Lygephila lusoria (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 3 ÅÑ Ëñò L. lubrica (Freyer, 1846) 33 8 3 4 ÒÏ Ëñò L. pastinum (Treitschke, 1826) 4 ÒÏ Ëëñ L. viciae (Hubner, [1822]) 1 2 2 ÒÏ Ëëñ L. craccae ([Denis & Schifferm?ller], 1775) 34 3 ÒÏ Ëëñ Acantholipes regularis (Hubner, [1813]) 1 3 ÑÐ Ñò Drasteria caucasica (Kolenati, 1846) 28 2 1 ÅÖÀ Ñò D. cailino (Lefebvre, 1827) 2 1 ÅÖÀ Ëñò Euclidia glyphica (Linnaeus, 1758) 10 2 11 ÅÑ Ëñò E. triquetra ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 464 1 6 1 ÅÖÀ Ñò Minucia lunaris ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 2 2 ÇÏ Ëñ Grammodes stolida (Fabricius, 1775) 1 1 ÅÖÀ Ëñò Catocala fulminea (Scopoli, 1763) 2 10 ÒÏ Ëñ C. hymenaea ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775) 1 56 26 ÒÏ Ëñ C.
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