DII]USS[]]]II'I r!f !ysfI I llil NEWSI,ETTER of the DELIUS SOCIETY

President: Eric tr'enby,0. B.E. Hon.Secretary; Miss E. Palmley. i I Hon. Treasurer l G.H. Parfitt. .E;dltor3' John lfh-ite.

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No. J5. Spri-ng, 1972,

Tkt-is special issue of the Newsl-etter consists of the Catalogue to the rDelius and Americat exhibition held from May lst to 20th this year as part of the CamdenFestival in . The exhibition has been prepared on behalf of the DeJius Tnrst by Dr. Lionel Carley and the catalogue contains a fund of inforrnation wlr-ich the Tnrst felt should be made avail-able to all our members, even though many of them would be unable to attend the exhibition, and we are extremely grateful to then for making a sufficient number of copies available to us for this purposer

The text of the Catalogue is by Dr. Carley and Robert Threlfall and there is nothing I could possihly ad-d, beyond drawing your attention to Professor i William Randel I s detailed article tFred-erick Delius in AmericaI which is an altogether admirable study of the subject. Copies of rThe Virginia }4agazine of liistory and Biographyr ( tire July , 1971, issue) , can be obtained by writing to: Virginia Magazine of lllstory and. Biography, P.0. Box 71II, Richmond, Virginia 2322L, and enclosine fi2.5O for each copy postpaid..

For those whose first encounter with the Delius Society is through this insertion in the Catalogue, it should be explained that oul aim is to do all we can to stimulate interest in Delius and" to encourage the publication, performance anci.recording of his works. About six meetings are held in Lond.on throughout the year and there is a quarterly Newsfetter, supplemented by Secretaryrs lNotesI from time to time. Applicatiorsfor membership are always welcome and shouLd be addressed to: The Hon. Secretary, 45 Reclhill Drive , Eclgware, Mid.dt es ex , the annual subscription is fll-,50. o $our Frttso

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OieLtuS Or)O OrY)eaico MAY1-20

An exhibitionof photographs,scores, letters and other material relating to Delius'svisits to Americaand illustratingthe American background to ""and other works

INTRODUCTION

It wason the 2nd March 1884that Deliusleft Liverpoolfor New York on the Cunarder SS Gallia,on the first stageof his journey to north-eastFlorida. His father had an option to purchasea plantation on the St Johns River, and the young Fritz Deliuswas expected to succeedin the cultivation of orangeswhere he seemedto havefailed in the pursuit of the family's Bradford textile interests.Although citrus production wasbooming in the region, Delius'sheart wasnever in it and once he had settleddown on his plantation he took the earliestpossible opportunity to indulgehis first love-music. A chancemeeting with a gifted musicianin nearby Jacksonvilleresulted in a friendshipwhich the composerwas later to considerof fundamentalimportance at this point of his musicalcareer. Thomas Ward's lessonsin counterpoint were supplementedby the semi-tropicalsights and soundsof planta- tion and river and by the melodiesand harmoniesof the negroesof Florida-and a little later of Virginia. It wasin the early autumn of 1885 that Deliusleft F lorida for Danville,in Virginia, where he found that teachingmusic could actually earnhim a modestliving. At the end of the collegeyear he left Danville.Sailing from New York on the SSAurania on the l2th June 1886, he briefly visitedhis family at Bradford before moving on to Leipzigto continue his musicaleducation. By the beginningof the 1890she was settledin ,the city that was to be his focal point for someten years. The severewinter of 1886 heraldeda climatic shift in northern Florida, virtually putting an end to the cultivation there of citrus fruits on a commercialscale. While Deliuswas in Europe the plantation gradually ran wild,, apart from a few acresfarmed by negroes.Return- ing to Americain 1897,Delius explored various other possibilitiesof makingthe land profitable.Could tobaccosuccessfully be cultivated,for example?He did not stay long, althoughhe found time to sketchsections of his PianoConcerto there, and he returned to Francethat summer.A little later severalyoung Germans,recommended by friendsof Deliusas partners or managersand eagerfor adventure,successively took their turn in attemptingto grow tobaccoand other crops.But in spite of all efforts the plantation continued to decline,becoming a very real financialliability to its owner (JuliusDelius had long sincefully transferredit to his son). It was not until l9l2 that Deliusfinally disposed of it to his old and closefriend the Germanconductor HansHaym, whoseson Rudolf was despatchedto try his hand at farming the land. The task seemedimpossible however, and in a few short yearsit was resold.At one time D.H. Lawrencedreamed of settingup on the former orangegrove a kind of intellectualcommune for himself and his friends;but nothing cameof this and SolanaGrove* remaineda land of lost dreams. Somethirty yearspassed and the groveand its location were forgotten. And then in 1939, asa result of careful researchand survey,it wasrediscovered. Delius's house was found to be still standing,although in a very dilapidatedstate. Finally, in 196l JacksonvilleUniversity, which now owns the small strip of the originalplantation on which the housestood, removed the structureand rebuilt it as a DeliusMuseumon the Universitycampus, some 35 miles to the north. Today the Universityplays a leadingpart in Jacksonville'sannual Delius Festival, an eventwhich is organisedby the DeliusAssociation of Florida and which yearly growsin musicalstature. Which then of Delius'sworks most clearly relateto his Americanexperience? There are two operas:Koanga, and the so far unpublishedand unperformedMagic Fountain, both equally exotic and set in Louisianaand Florida respectively;Appalachia,the'Variations on an old slavesong', so evocativeof the St. JohnsRiver; the gentleand atmosphericFlorida Suite. Then thereare the settingsof the Americanpoet, Walt Whitman,made long after Delius's return to Europe-the bestknown of thesebeing Sea Drift; the PianoConcerto, sketched at SolanaGrove; and the tone poem Hiawatha,owing its inspirationto Longfellow.Nor should one forget the composer'sfirst known publication,the iittle polka Zum Carnit,al,published in the town of Jacksonvilleitself. And now Delius'soperas are at last beingdiscovered in America,with Washingtonstaging the American premieresof Koanga in December 1970 andA VillageRomeo and Julier in April 1912.Next year Koangais to be performedagain, in St Paul.Based on a story by the American author G.W. Cablethe work deals,in the words of one reviewer,with "an astonishingly contemporarysubject-a negrofirst acceptingthe white man's ways and then contemptuously reclaiminghis African heritage".And it is this opera,more than any other singlework, which has-through the WashingtonOpera Society's production-brought about a suddenand unexpectedresurgence of interestin Deliusin the United States.American musicians and critics are realisingthat Delius is very much a part of their own cultural heritageand that the curiousimage he hasas a composerof short 'pastoral'pieces of an impressionistnature is very much beliedby a scrutiny of his prolific total output, with its many bold. large-scale works. Sinceso much of this music,published or unpublished,contains so much of strength, beauty and splendour,it is hardly surprisingthat America should wish to claim a part of Deliusas her own. L.C.

*An orthographical note: Original deeds,letters and other papersrelating to Delitts's plantation during the years he owned it refer to Solana Grove,as distinct from the Solano Grove of more recent usage.The plantation was certainly still known as Solana Grove when Rudolf Haym took it over in I91 2.

i\ ti I. EARLY BACKGROUND By the earlyautumn of 1885Delius had left SolanaGrove and Jacksonvillefor Virginia, Born Fritz Deliusin Bradford, Yorkshire, wherehe wasto teachmusic. But from on the 29th January 1862,he was the son Europehe madeone morevisit to Florida, of prosperousmiddle-class parents of arrivingthere in February I 897, to try to Germanorigin, his father owning a wool sethis plantationon a properfooting. textile firm. Delius'searly education was at a local preparatoryschool, then at Bradford 4. MAP OF THE ST JOHNSRIVER, GrammarSchool 1874-l8, followingwhich SHOWINGTHE LOCATION OF' he spenttwo yearsat the lnternational SOLANA GROVE. Collegeat Isleworth.Having entered the Coll. RichardT. Foose,Washington family business,he wassent to Stroud in Gloucestershire,,and then successivelyto 5. JACKSONVILLEIN THE LATE I9TH Germany,,Sweden, France and Norway for CENTURY. Photographs. short periodsas a representativeof the firm. More interestedby now in rnusicthan With a populationof about 15,000in 1885, in trade,and alreadyan accomplished and an influx of winter visitorsnumbering violinist, he persuadedhis father to back some60,000, Jacksonville was a flourishing him asan orangeplanter in Florida, asa and rapidlyexpanding city. Much of the old first stepto independence. Jacksonvilleshown in thesephotographs, however,was destroyed in l90l by a l. DELIUS IN I 884. Photographs. disastrousfire, in which a considerable number of lettersfrom Deliusare believed Two photographstaken in Bradford, before to havebeen lost. he left for Florida.(From Delius bv Eric Fenby,Faber, l91l). i. Panoramaof Jacksonvillefrom the St JohnsRiver, Florida ( 1881). Coll. DeliusTrust ii. Jacksonvilleand the St Johns(from 2.THE CUNARD STEAM.SHIPGALLIA, Mr. J.C.Greeley's) ( 1892). UNDER SAIL AND STEAM. iii. Jacksonville-North-Eastofthe Photographof a contemporarypainting. Everett(1892). The CunardSteam-Ship Co. iv. View of EastBav Street-Jacksonville ( l8e4). 3. NEW YORK AND THE BROOKLYN Deliusfrequented Jacksonville's principal BRIDGE IN THE LATE 1880s. musicstores in the Bay Streetarea-Merriday Photograph. and Payne,Clark's, and Campbell's.One of Coll. StephenLloyd his early compositionsfor piano' Zum Carnival,was published by Campbell. il. FLORIDA

Deliusarrived at New York in the middle of March 1884 with his Bradford friend and From originalphotographs in the Florida partnerCharles Douglas. They continuedby Collection,Haydon BurnsLibrary, boat down the eastcoast to Jacksonville Jacksonville. and then by river steamerto their plantation, Coll. DeliusTrust nearPicolata. There they found a pleasant 4-roomedcottage with a verandahand a 6. ORANGE-PICKINGIN FLORIDA IN view overthe St JohnsRiver. THE 1880s.Photograph. Deliussoon made friendsin Jacksonville With someearly postcards of Florida and and enteredinto the town's busy musical its orangegroves. life. He now had time to develophis musicaleducation in his own way,,and Coll. L. Carley orange-growingwas obligedto take a subordinateplace. 7. JUTTA BELL-RANSKE. Photograph. a suitein four movements.Composed in Leipzigin 1887 the third movementwas A nearneighbour of Deliusin earlySolana later re-written in Paris.The autograph Grovedays, she spent some time in London manuscriptof the work is in the Grainger and Parisin the 1890sand early 1900sand Centre,University of Melbotrrne,Australia, helpedDelius considerably with the libretto a microfilm and the presentXerox prints of The Magic Fourttain. Shehad singular beingheld by the DeliusTrust. The second musicianlyqualities and waslater to return part of the first movementis an orchestral to Jacksonvilleto teachvoice-control. version of the Calinda,later danced in the From a photographin the DeliusCollection secondAct of Koanga,to which work Delius of the Haydon BurnsLibrary, Jacksonville. transferredmost of the passageconcerned. The pagesexhibited are taken from this Coll. DeliusTrust section.A copy of the miniaturescore of the whole work, aspublished posthumously 8. PAGESFROM AN EARLY MS by Booseyand Hawkesin 1963,is also NOTEBOOK. Photographiccopies. shown open at the sameplace for comparison. In this notebook are to be found someof Coll. DeliusTrust the early exercisesin harmony and counter- point which datefrom 1884,the period 12. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM when Deliuswas working at SolanaGrove CHRISTIAN SINDING, LEIPZIG, with Thomas Ward. There are also drafts of 20 MARCH 1889. Photographiccopy. severalsongs for unaccompaniedfour-part chorus. The originalbook now belongsto "Go to Florida?Yes,, by God, I shouldlike the DeliusAssociation of Florida and is to, but it will hardly be feasible.Besides,, I housedin JacksonvilleUniversity. A don't know if I shallspend next year in photographiccopy belongsto the Delius Germany.It is a long time till then, and I Trust. am very uncertainabout the immediate future." Coll. DeliusTrust Sindingwas a fellow-studentof Deliusat 9. ZUM CARMVAL-POLKA, for Piano Leipzig,and 61 lettersfrom 1888 to 1905 Solo( 1885). Xerox prints. bear witnessto a warm friendsltip between the two men. Delius'sletters to Sinding This is Delius'searliest published composition, have not, however,survived and we will and was probably written at SolanaGrove, beingissued in Jacksonvilleby the firm of probably neverknow exactly what A.B. Campbell.First publicationprobably propositionhe made to the Norwegian took placein early 1885,although the composerfor an American trip. presentedition appearedin 1892. Coll. DeliusTrust The printed copy from which the Xerox on I3. THE MAGIC FOUNTAIIV (DER display was preparedis in the Library of WUNDERBORN)-OPERA IN THREE Congress,Washington D.C., where it was ACTS ( 1894-5).Xerox prints. depositedfor copyright purposesin January This page(in the composer'sautograph t892. from the full score),taken from the first Coll. RachelLowe Act of the work at the beginningof the secondscene, reveals two links with other 10. THE GREAT FREEZE. Photograph. compositions.In the upperhalf of the sheet can be seenthe music which openedthe Fallen orangesrotting on a Florida first and last movementsof the Florida plantation. suite;whilein the lower half, at Watawa's Coll. L. Carley entry and the changeof time signature, a phraseoccurs which waslater transferred I 1. FLORIDA-TROPICAL,SCEI/E'S (with subtlerharmony) to SeaDrift at the FOR ORCHESTRA ( 1887). Xerox settingof the words: "O past,O happy prints. 1ife". This, Delius'sfirst work for full orchestra,is Coll. DeliusTrust 14. THE MAGIC FOUNTAIN. MS vocal 11. PIANO CONCERTO( 1897).Xerox scoreby Eric Fenby. prints. Delius'ssecond completed opera (the first The three-movementversion of this work beinglrmelin), for which he wrote the was first performedin Elberfeld by Julius words as well as the music during the period Buthsin 1904,but remainsunpublished in 1894-5and whoseaction takesplace in this version.A two-piano arrangementby Florida, hasremained as yet unpublished Buths is in the possessionof the DeliusTrust. and unperformed.The vocal scoreexhibited The two pagesdisplayed in Xerox form are wasmade by Eric Fenby in 1953,and is in from the later-rejectedthird movementof his autograph. the work, containingmaterial not usedin the final versionwhich was first published The preludeto Act 2 of this work waslater and performedin 1907. extractedby the composerand substituted for the originalintroduction to Act 3 of Coll. DeliusTrust Koanga. The presentvocal scoreis open at the beginningof the secondAct to show I8. NEWSPAPERINTERVIE,W, 1897 . this passage. Photographiccopy. Coll. DeliusTrust Extract from an interviewwith Delius publishedon 23 October l89l in the Nor- I5. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM wegian newspaperVerdens Gong. Christian E.A. ANDERSON,PICOLATA, Krohg, one of Norway's greatestartists, is FLORIDA, 16 DECEMBERI896. the writer. Photographiccopy. Delius talks of his plantation,from which "Mary Furgisonhave been here, and seem he hasrecently returned,and would like to to want to take possion.of things and have sell it. been tanalizingme for quite a while." Coll. DeliusTrust Albert Andersonwas Delius'snegro fore- man on the plantation.Many yearslater he 19. DELIUS IN I 897. washimself to buy SolanaGrove. Photographiccopy of a drawing by Coll. DeliusTrust Christian Krohg (Verdens Gang,Christ- iana,Norway, 23 October 1897). T6. FANTASY FOR ORCHESTRA AND Coll. DeliusTrust PIANOFORTE ( 1897).Xerox prints. The earliestextant scoreof the Piano 20. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM A.E. Concertoin C minor. Like the published LOPEZ, TAX COLLECTOR, ST versionit is in one continuousmovement, AUGUSTINE,FLORIDA, I3 MARCH and in this respectit differs from the so- 1900. Photographiccopy. called"first version"which (as performed Deliushas not paid his taxes.His land has 1904) is in three separate in Elberfeld in thereforebeen sold to the State and he must movements.Delius worked on his Piano pay a chargeof $ l1 .50 in addition to his Concertodurine his return to SolanaGrove back taxesin order to redeemit. in 1897. Coll. DeliusTrust Pages26-27 are displayed,corresponding to the six bars at figure 8 in the published 21. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM ADOLF work (of which the solo part was edited by FROEHLKE, BUENDE,WESTPHALIA, Th. Szanto).A scoreof the latter (Harmonie- 30 JANUARY 1942.Photographic copy. Verlag 1907), open at thesebars, reveals the differencein layout and distribution while "I can tell you, Mr. Delius,I havespent the retainingthe essenceof the music.This hardestperiod of my life on your farm, and printed scoreis lent by Boosey& Hawkes. in return for the money I havelost, all I haveis experience.... DeliusTrust Coll. ....nothing can be done without money; on your part it meansnothing but expense." Coll. DeliusTrust 22. C]b,RTIFIC'ATE,OF' OWNERSHIP OF' Spanishmoss. The treewas uprooted by a SOLANA GROVE. hurricaneonly a few yearsago. Sigrredby thc Executorsunder the Will of Loanedby the HaydonBurns Library. JuliusDelius. Bradford. l 5 Mav 1907. Jacksonville Coll. DeliusTrust 27. DELIUS HOUSEAT SOLANA GROVE. 23. WARRANTY DEED: DE,LIUSTO Reproductionof a pen and ink sketchby PROF.DR. IIANS HAYM. 3I MAY Carl Austin. 1912. Coll. Mrs.J.R. Donahoo.Jacksonville Concerningthe saleof SolanaGrove for the sunrof 500 dotlars. 28. DELIUS'SPLANTATION TODAY. Colour photographs. Coll. DeliusTnrst Coll. L. Carley 24. RUDOLF ttAYM: LECTURETO TTIEDELIUS SOCIETY,LONDON, 29. THE OLD LANDING STAGEOF 4 NOVEMBER I97 I . DELIUS'SPLANTATION. Text of a lcctr-lrerecollnting memories of Gouacheby J.B.Priestley, 196J. Deliusin E,lberfeld in thc early 1900sand Loanedby Mr. J.B. Priestley of young Haym'sadventures in Jacksonville and SolanaGrovc in 1912. 30. J.B.PRIESTLEY: TRUMPETS OVER With a photographof Rudolf Haym taken THE SEA. in London,Noventber | 97l. This book containsan accountof the author's Rudolf Hayrnand tlte DeliusSociety visit to SolanaGrove in 1967,and two photographstaken at the Grove. 25. LETTER TO MRS.HENRY L. Coll. L. Carley RICHMOND FROM PETER KENDRICK ENGINEERINGCO., ST AUGUSTINE,FLORIDA, III. VIRGINIA 5 SEPTEMBER1939. Xerox print. In September1885 Delius arrived in Danville Confirmationthat the cottagerecently for the first time, havingbeen tempted,it found on SolanaGrove was once ownedbv seems,by an advertisementto teachmusic Delius. privatelywhich he had seenin a Jacksonville newspaper.By acceptingother musicteach- Mrs.Richmond. a devotedadmirer of ing postshe at lastachieved financial indepen- Delius'smusic and a wealthybenefactor of dence.He left at the end of the collegeyear the DeliusAssociation of Florida,purchased and after a short stay in New York sailed the houseand about two acresof land from that city for Liverpoolin June 1886. aroundit. Shewas Honorary Chairman of the Associationuntil her deathin 1968. On his secondvisit to Americain 1897he stoppedat Danvillefor a short time, en From the originalin the collectionof the route to Florida,taking part in a recitalthere. HaydonBurns Library, Jacksonville. Coll. DeliusTrust 31. NEWSPAPERCUTTINGS. Xerox prints. i. DanvillcRegister,3 October 1885. 26. DELIUS'SCOTTAGE AT SOLANA GROVE,I939. Fritz Deliusadvertises ntusic lessons. Photographsby J. CarverHarris, St. Augustinc,F lorida. - r. I'Il()l'DSSl(tr-.tL. -;t-v-- Rcdiscovcred in 1939after many yearsof FR,ITZ DELIUS, disuseand neglcct,Dclius's cottage was by Wtll t'c!:lo irt once glrlng ltrstructtols ln I'I-\ \ O 1'IOI_l:i TII Eul(\' ,r .\-D ( OllPOSI rIOX. then in a dilapidatcdstatc. Delius's view of Ilewlu glrele:s,rrrs at tic resldence of the pul'lls. Ttrttrs re'ris-rl:tlt. ,\p1'5 llt?red- the St JohnsRive r f'rornthc verandah was Cer,ccof 1{r J. l'. I:u.'(.;:Lrt, or try postnl", eard, franrcdby a giarrtlivc-oak trt:c. hung with gil Lg_lgr 1ll Irgt I'I.'_IL__ rr:l ii DanvilleRegister, 6 October 1885 36. LETTERTO DELIUSFROM ROBERT (column headed"ln a Nutshell"): PHIFER,DANVILLE, 27 JULY 1894. Photographiccopy. 'ProfessorFritz Delius' expectsto give someclassical concerts during the "I sendthis to tell you we still remember winter. you and think of you & speakof you." Coll. William Randel.Maine Coll. DeliusTrust

32. THE ROANOKE FEMALE COLLEGE, 37. NEWSPAPERCUTTING: 'THE DANVILLE, VIRGINIA. Photograph. DELIUS CONCERT'. Xerox print. A photographtaken in the 1930safter the (DanvilleRegister, 3 I January l89l) college,at which Deliustaught music 1885- Old friendsare presentin the audienceto 6, wasconverted into a hotel. hearDelius, "Madame Donodossola" and Coll. DeliusTrust "Mr Lemmanoffl' give a recital at the DanvilleCollege for Young Ladies. 33. ROBERT PHIFER.PROFESSOR OF (Delius'sfellow-artists were in reaiity the MUSIC AT THE ROANOKE FEMALE Princessede Cystria and the composer's COLLEGE. Photograph. Norwegianviolinist friend Halfdan Jebe, Delius spent much time at the Phifers' home travellingunder assumednames.) in Danville, and Robert Phifer was probably Coll. William Randel.Maine his closedfriend during this period. 38. THE HOTEL BURTON, DANVILLE, From a newspaperphotograph in the Delius VIRGINIA. Photograph. Collection of the Haydon Burns Library, Jacksonville. Deliusstayed here for a short time during his secondvisit to America. Coll. DeliusTrust From a photographin the DeliusCollection 34. VIRGINIA ANN ('GEE') WATKINS. of the Haydon Burns Library, Jacksonville. Photograph. Coll. DeliusTrust A pupil of Deliusat the RoanokeFemale College,she later spokeof him as"one of 39. APPALACHIA-AMERICAN my early sweethearts",but although she RHAPSODY FOR ORCHESTRA wore for a while a ring he gaveher, she and ( I 896). Photographicprints. Delius were never formally engaged. This first versionof the work (later rejected) From a photographin the DeliusCollection was written for orchestraalone. The of the Haydon Burns Library, Jacksonville. autographmanuscript belongs to the Delius Trust. Deliusis understoodto havepicked Coll. DeliusTrust up the themewhile listeningto Negro workerssinging in the tobaccostemmeries 35. DELIUS IN THE MID-I880s. of Danville. Photograph. The two pagesshown illustratethe Deliussent the originalof this photograph relationshipof thesesections to correspond- to Virginia Ann Watkins from Leipzig in ing portions of the later work. The first 1887.For somereason she tore it in two. sheetshows the openingpage of this early From a photographin the DeliusCollection version,the secondthe use of the main of the Haydon Burns Library, theme in the middle section. Jacksonville. Coll. DeliusTrust Coll. DeliusTrust 40. APPALACHTA-VARIATTONS OIV 44. LETTERTO DELIUSFROM ELLA ArvoLD ]LAVE SOIVG(t902). RUSSELL,HENDON, 5 JUNEI899. Printed full score(Harmonie-Verlag Photographiccopy. r907). Complimentingthe composeron the success The definitiveversion of this work is far of his concertthe singerreminds Delius that longerand of much greatermaturity than shewould like to haveher cheque. the rejectedversion of 1896,and includes Coll. DeliusTrust a closingchorus. Coll. DeliusTrust 45. PRESSREVIEWS OF THE DELIUS ORCHESTRALCONCERT, LONDON, 41. APPALACHIA-VARIATIONS ON 30 MAY 1899. Xerox prints. AIV OLD SLAVE SOIVG. i. The Morning Post, 3l May MS arrangementby E.J. Dent. This versionof the work was prepared ii. The ManchesterCourier, 3l May during the SecondWorld War for perform- iii. The Pall Mall Gazette,3l Mav ancewith reducedorchestral forces. A iv. The Star. 3l May miniature scoreof the current publication, reproducedfrom Sir ThomasBeecham's and a notice of the forthcoming edition and issuedby Boosey& Hawkesin concertin the Daily Graphicof l5 April 1969,has been lent by R. Threlfall for 1899. comparison. From originalnewspaper cuttings in the Coll. DeliusTrust Library of Congress,Washington D.C. Coll. DeliusTrust IV. KOANGA AT THE 1899 DELIUS CONCERT V. KOANGA..THE FIRST STAGE The composition of his opera Koanga had PRODUCTION ;occupiedmuch of Delius'stime duringthe years1895-1 . Early in 1899he made Koanga was given with successin March arrangementswith an agencyfor a concert 1904 at the E,lberfeldStadttheater in entirely of his own works to be givenin Germany.The town was the springboardto London, an unusualventure for thosedays. Delius'swider fame in Germanyin the The excerptsfrom the operawere substan- early 1900s,and two more Deliusworld tial, taking up the whole of the secondpart premierestook placethere later that same of the three-hourprogramme, and the year: the PianoConcerto (soloist: Julius soloistswere distinguishedartists of the Buths,conductor: Hans Haym) and day. The conductor wasAlfred Hertz. Appalachla(conductor: Haym).

42, PROGRAMMEOF DELIUS 46. HANS HAYM ( l 860-t92r). ORCHESTRALCONCERT, 30 MAY Photograph. I899, ST JAMES'SHALL, LONDON. Delius'spioneer in Germany,Haym was The Koanga excerptsperformed were the MusicalDirector in E,lberfeldfrom 1890- Preludeto Act III, the Quintet and Finale 1920 and conductedfirst performances of Act I, and the whole of Act II. there of severalof the composer'sworks. Loanedby Mr. ManuelTarshish, White That Koangawas given its premiereat Plains.New York Elberfeldowes much to his earlierground- work. In l912 he boughtfrom Delius 43. ANDREW BLACK ( I 859-1920)and the Florida plantation. ELLA RUSSELL( r 864-l935). From a photographlent by Mrs. Eva Photographs. Haym Simons,New York Sangthe rolesof Koangaand Palmyra Coll. DeliusTrust respectivelyin the DeliusOrchestral Concert,30 May 1899. Coll. L. Carley 41. LETTER TO AUGUSTE RODIN 50. NEWSPAPERREVIEW OF THE FROM JELKA DELIUS,ELBERFELD, FIRST PERFORMANCEOF KOAIVGA, 27 FEBRUARY 1904. 30 MARCH I 904, ELBERFELD. Photographiccopy. From the Tl)glicherArneiger, E,lberfeld.31 March 1904. Describirlgpreparations for the production of Koartga. Delius,Cassirer and StageDirector Jacques Goldberg,decked in flowers and laurel From the originalin the collection of the wreaths,take repeatedcurtain calls.Delius MusdeRodin, Paris. hasalready been called to the stageby an Coll. DeliusTrust enthusiasticaudience on the conclusionof the secondAct. 48. FRrTZ CASSTRER( r 87l -t926). Photographiccopy made availableby Frau Photograph. Marie-LuiseBaum, Wuppertal. Conductedthe first performancesof Coll. DeliusTrust Koanga (Elberfeld 1904) andA Village Romeo and Juliel ( 1907 He also ). 5I. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM FRITZ gaveAppalachia its first performancein CASSIRER,ELBERFELD, I3 MAY in Novemberl90l at the England, , 1904. Photographiccopy. Queen'sHall. "Romeo andJuliel is very beautiful...the photographloaned by From a Claude romanticnature of the subjecthas not Cleveland,Ohio. Cassirer, allowedyour musicallanguage to remain Coll. DeliusTrust on the absolutelyoriginal level of Koanga. I am so spoiledby Koanga..." ELBE,RFELD. 49. THE STADTTHEATER, Coll. DeliusTrust The first production of Koangaopened here in March 1904.Fntz Cassirerwas Musical Director and ClarenceWhitehill and Rose VI. KOANGA AT COVENT GARDEN Kaisersang Koanga and Palmyrarespectively. Sir ThomasBeecham opened an autumn CoventGarden season in 1935 with Koanga, in its first British stageproduction.

52. THE WEDDING-DAYSCENE. Photograph. (From the Daily Sketch, 24 September 193s). ShowingOda Slobodskayaas Palmyra and John Brownleeas Koanga, Covent Garden, 23 September1935. Coll. ChristopherRedwood

53. KOA|VG.A.Printed vocal score. Containingthe signaturesof Sir ,Oda Slobodskaya,John Brownlee and other membersof the castof the CoventGarden premiere. The vocal scorewas preparedby Eric From a pen and ink drawingloaned by Fenby and publishedby Winthrop Rogers Frau Marie-LuiseBaum, Wuppertal, in 1935. Germany. Coll. J.H. Walton Coll. DeliusTrust 54. PROGRAMME:KOAIVGA AT 51. PROGRAMME:AMERICAN COVENTGARDEN, 23 PREMIEREOF KOAIVGA, SEPTEMBER1935. WASHINGTON,I8 DECEMBER197O. OperaSociety of WashingtonInc.

The Opere Sociefy of Washington pres' ents Koanga (first Ameriean p€rferm' ance), alt opcra in three acts, rvith pro- lorue aad cpilonre, with musie by Fred. oridr Dcltus urd Urretto bv C. F' Kearv, rcviscd bv Slr Thouus Beechan. Based tn en coEodc tn G. W. Cablel novel' The Grardt$tmc!. Wltt the Opere Society OrcHra enil Chorus, Paul Caf,l*'gr', conauctoi and c[orus mastcr; tank. Cotsaro, dins'ctor; Reatd Chase, scenery and fih deairner; Nananne Porcber. Uthtins desltner; Joseph Bella, cos' rrn tume thli8lDcr. KOYAL ft-cest- UPERA Unele Joe, conjureman Erlward Pierson : : COVENT GARDBN : r Pdmyra, a mulet0o, hdf-sister to Clotlda L.r.6 r io;rl Opre lfcurl Conlol. Claudta Llndsey ' Ltd. ll.!.tlnt D|l.crcr OcofrcyTcy- Simon Perez, Don Jose overseer tecrarry ! Eurll:r Dt.!a3r3r C. A, E .rrtd William McDouald DoD Josc'Martin€Z, a planter lVill Rov Koanga" aD Africar princ'e ald Yoodoo rrlest Eurene Holmes Ctotilde, wffc to Don Joce' Joyce Gerber Rangrvan, I voodoo hlSh Prlest Edward Pierson

58. NEWSPAPERREVIEW AND PHOTOGRAPHSOF THE WASHINGTON PRODUCTION OF KOANGA Coll. DeliusTrust

59. AFTER KOANGA: PROSPECTUS FOR A VILLAGE ROMEO AND JULIET, WASHINGTON 1972. The American premiere of Delius'sA Village Romeo and Juliel took placeon 26 April 1972at the KennedyCenter Opera House. OperaSociety of WashingtonInc. Vru. THE DELIUS FESTIVALS AT Coll. Felix Aprahamian JACKSONVILLE In l96l the DeliusAssociation of Florida VII. THE FIRST AMERICAN KOANGA waschartered as a non-profit organisation, and the first of Jacksonville'sannual Delius Producedin December1970 by the Opera Festivalswas held. For someyears previously Societyof Washington(President: Hobart an annualDelius Concert had beengiven, Spalding),directed by Frank Corsaroand but interest was sufficiently widespreadto conductedby PaulCallaway, the first experimentwith a largerevent. The l2th AmericanKoanga was an instant success. Festival,spread over two weeks,took place Much interestcentred on the fact that the earlierthis year and featured,apart from hero wasa negroslave in conflict with his gifted local musicians,soloists from New white masters,with the action taking place York and lecturersfrom New York and on a Louisianaplantation in the early London.This year'sDelius Composition eighteenthcentury. Award attractedentrants from all over the 55. KOANGA PROSPECTUS/HANDBILL, United Statesas well asfrom Britain. WASHINGTON1910. 60. JACKSONVILLE TODAY. Colour OperaSociety of WashingtonInc. photographs. 56. POSTERADVERTISING THE i. Downtown Jacksonvillefrom Main WASHINGTONPRODUCTION OF StreetBridge. KOAIVG,4, DE,CL,M BER I 9] O. ii. HemmingPark, the city's central Coll. RichardT. Foose,Washington square. l0 iii. The Haydon Burns Library, repository 67. : A of DeliusCollection. DISCOGRAPHY. iv. Gulf Life Buildingand St JohnsRiver, By StuartUpton and MalcolmWalker. from below Main Street Bridge. Publishedby the DeliusSociety, London t969. Coll. L. Carley DeliusSociety 61. THE FLORIDA HOME OF' FREDERICKDELIUS. X. KOANG,4 AND ITS SOURCE Article written for the New York Tirnesby By 1884' C.E,.Wright, 1969.With a photographof when Deliusfirst reachedFlorida, G.W.Cable was the AmericanSouth's best the piano believedto havebeen owned by leading letters. Delius. known writer and man of He was also,in the words of a young artist Coll. DeliusTrust who visitedhim in 1881, "the most cordially little 62. THE DELIUS FESTIVAL: hated man in New Orleans, PROGRAMMES196I-72. and all on accountof the Grandissimes". What Cablehad done to earn the odium of Coll. DeliusTrust the Southernestablishment was what no leadingSouthern writer had dared to do 63. THE DELIUS HOUSE. beforehim-he had attemptedin his work to depict the evilsof racism caste, Descriptiveleaflet publishedby the Delius and increasingly preoccupy Associationof Florida. evilswhich were to him in the succeedingyears. The DeliusAssociation of Florida Inc. Cable'sbest known work The Grandissimes was first publishedin 1880 and has been 64. DELIUS'SHOUSE TODAY. Colour "a photographs. termed work of socialobservation of southernsociety unsurpassed in its time, The DeliusHouse on JacksonvilleUniversity's and the first book by a Southernerto deal campus,with its collectionof Deliana,is seriouslywith the relationshipsof white open to the generalpublic on certain days and negro".It is an unfolding story of during the year or alternativelyby prior Creolesociety, with stronglocal colouring, arrangement. and at the core of the novel is the episode of Bras{oup6-a story within a story Coll. L. Carley which Cablehad written severalyears previously.Bras{oup6, an African prince, 65. THE DELIUS ASSOCIATIONOF wasrenamed Koanga by Delius,who based FLORIDA. Descriptiveleaflet. his operaon this centralepisode. The DeliusAssociation of Florida Inc. Cablenever really fulfilled the promiseof his earlierworks, but he wascelebrated IX. THE DELIUS SOCIETY both in the United Statesand in Britain Basedin London, but with a world-wide in the late l9th centurynot only asa membership,the DeliusSociety was founded writer but asa reformer in a number of in 1962, the centenaryyear of the composer's socialfields. He undertook a four-month birth. The Society'sPresident is Eric Fenby, tour togetherwith Mark Twain during the winter of 1884-5,covering a consider- who attendedJacksonville's 1966 Delius ablepart of North Americaand drawing Festivalas a guestof honour and later largeand appreciativeaudiences. (Mark lecturedto members in London on his Twain'sagent billed thisjoint reading *Twins experiences.More recentlyRudolf tour of Genius".)And in 1898- Haym, who took overDelius's Florida that is, a year before the concert per- plantationin I 912, travelledto London formanceof Koangaexcerpts at the St. from his home in Germany to addressthe James'sHall-he crossedthe Atlantic for Society. the first time, an enthusiasticJ.M. Barrie 66. DISPLAY OF DELIUS SOCIETY havingarranged a group of lecturesfor MATERIAL. him in England.Conan Doyle, Kipling DeliusSociety ll and Henry Jamesfigured among his hosts Keary, an Englishauthor living in Paris and his works enjoyeda spell of popularity when Deliusfirst met him in the 1890s, in this country. wrote the libretto for Koanga. In this later letter he mentionsa scenarioby a friend of 68. GEORGEW. CABLE (1844-1925). his, which he hasfelt may be of interestto Photograph. the composer. From George \il. Cable: The Life and Coll. DeliusTrust Timesof a Sottthern Heretic, by Louis D. Rubin, Jr., Pegasus,New York 1969. 73. KOANGA-OPERA IN THREE ACTS (1895-7). Photographicprints. Coll. L. Carley The autographmanuscript of Delius'sthird 69. THE GRANDISSIMES completedopera was given to Jacksonville BY GEORGEW. CABLE. Universityin 1962 by the DeliusTrust, which retainsa microfilm and photoprints. With illustrationsby Albert Herter. Photographsof pagesof this original Hodderand Stoughton(London) 1899. manuscriptare exhibited,showing the (Originally serialisedin Scribner'sMonthly, introduction to the Third Act. This was l 880). later displacedby music from The Magic Coll. DeliusTrust Fountain, but the originalpages were not removed. 70. ILLUSTRATION BY ALBERT Coll. DeliusTrust HERTER TO THE GRANDISSIMES. 74. KOANGA. SKETCHESFOR THE "Bras-Coupd( Koanga)was practically OPERA. Xerox prints. declaringhis independenceon a slight rise The first sheetreproduces an early draft of ground hardly sixty feet in circumference for part of the libretto in the hand of and lifted scarceabove the water in the C.F. Keary, and a pagefrom a notebook inmost depthsof the swamp." headed"End of negrosong" in Delius's Coll. L. Carley hand. The secondand third sheetsreproduce both sidesof a leaf headedby Delius: *Palmyra's 7I. BOOKSBY GEORGEW. CABLE. dance".Half-way down the third of thesesheets can be seenthe first sketch of that moment towardsthe end of the i. OLD CREOLE DAYS. Calinda dancein Act 2 of the opera when, With illustrations by Albert Herter. againstthe original melody in the treble, Scribner's,New York 1897. Originally the chorusjoins in with the words: "He published in I 879, Old CreoleDays will meet her when the sun goesdown". wasCable's first major success. Coll. DeliusTrust ii. STRANGE TRUE STORIESOF LOUISIANA. 75. KOANGA. MS vocal score,chiefly in Illustrated.Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., the hand of a copyist. London I 890. In the secondAct, the aria for Palmyra iii. "POSSONJONE'' AND PERE was added for the first stageperformance RAPHAEL. of the work at Elberfeldin 1904.This With a New Word SettingForth aria, written by Delius himself on separate How and Why the Two Talesare One. sheets,was insertedin the presentearly Illustrated by StanleyM. Arthurs. vocal scoreat the placeshown whereit is Scribner's,New York 1909. opened. Coll. L. Carley Coll. DeliusTrust 12. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM C.F. KEARY, HOTEL DE L'EXPOSITION,BARBIZON, I 7 MAY 1908. Photographiccopy. t2 76. KOAIIGA. Printedvocal score. 8l . WALT WHITMAN: O UT OF THE CRADLE ENDLESSLY ROCKING. This copy is openedat the beginningof the third Act, showingthe mr,rsictransferred The text of Delius'sSea DriJ't was taken from The Magic Fountain which replaced from this poem. The illustration by Margaret the originalprelude to this Act. C. Cook is from Poemsfrom Leavesof Grassby Walt Whitman publishedby Loanedby Boosey and Hawkes J.M. Dent & Sons.London. and Dutton and Co.,New York 1913. 77. LA CALINDA, F'ROM KOANGA. Facing page: part of the text of SeaDrift. MS of arrangementfor orchestraby Eric Fenby. Coll. L. Carley A copy of the miniature score',published 82. SEA DRIFT-FOR BARITONE SOLO, somewhatlater than the full scorewhich cHoRUS AND ORCHESTRA( 1903). appearedin 1938,is shownfor comparison Printed full score (Harmonie-Verlae (loanedby R. Threlfall). 1906). Loanedby Booseyand Hawkes The scoredisplayed was Delius'scopy, into which numerouscorrections and some additional instrumentalparts were addedin XI. LONGFELLOW AND WHITMAN pencilby his own hand.The namesof Delius found a different kind of inspiration instrumentscued in in red are in the hand in two other American writers.His tone of Eric Fenby. A miniature scoreof the poem Hiawatha was derived from Long- current publication asissued by Boosey& fellow's poem, but altogethermore pro- Hawkes(and lent by R. Threlfall) is placed found was the impact of Whitman on the alongsidefor comparison. composer,and the superbSea Drift in 1903 Coll. DeliusTrust was the first of three Whitman settings. The of Farewell and the ldyll,, ^Songs 83. LETTER TO DELIUS FROM CARL completedin 1930and 1932respectively, SCHURICHT,GOSLAR, GERMANY, alsoutilise Whitman'sverse. l2 MARCH 1908. AutographMS. 78. HENRY WADSWORTH "Now all this time I havenot been able to LONGFELLOW ( l 807-l 882). forget SeaDrift-when I thought of the Reproduction of an engraving. work my heart beat faster and I have often wanted to write to you for it." Coll. L. Carley Coll. DeliusTrust 79. HIAWATHA-TONE POEM FOR ORCHESTRA AFTER 84. COPY OF POEM WRITTEN BY LONGFELLOW'SPOEM ( 1888). FREDERICK DELIUS. AutographMS. Autograph MS. Entitled My Country, tlteselines were In the middle sectionof this composition, written about l9I7 in the Parishome of Deliusintroduces a melody on the oboe Henry and Marie Clews,closest American which was used,over ten yearslater and in friendsof the Deliuses,after an ironic a maturer setting, in the Nocturne Paris. conversationbetween Delius and Clews. The scorelies open at this page.Thework, Whitman overtonesare in evidence! composedin Leipzig,is unpublished. Henry Clews(1876-1937) was a noted sculptor,who about this time modelleda Coll. DeliusTrust portrait of Deliusin the form of a mask. 80. WALT WHTTMAN( l8l9-r892). This manuscriptforms part of the latest Photograph. acquisitionof the DeliusTrust, which receivedin February 1912 the original From Leavesof Grassby Walt Whitman, lettersfrom Frederickand JelkaDelius DavidMcKay, Philadelphia,1900. Coll. L. Carley

l3 A Page from Act One of The Magic Fountain (Delius’s manuscript)

14

to theClews', dating from 19l6 to 1935. RANDEL. William: Frederick Delius in Thesewere the gift of Mr. DavidColton, America. The Virginia Magazineof History Presidentof the La NapouleArt Foundation, and Biography,July 197l. NewYork, andMrs. Colton. RANDEL, William: Koangaand its Libretto, Musicand Letters,April 197l. Coll. DeliusTrust

85. SONGSOF FAREWELL-FOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DOUBLECHORUS AND The organiserswould especiallylike to ORCHESTRA(1929.30). acknowledgethe adviceand assistanceof: Printedscore and Xerox prints. Dr. Robert Goodell and Mrs. Natalie Delius'sinterest in WaltWhitman's poetry Hendersonof the United StatesEmbassy wasmaintained until the end of his life. in London, The Songsof Farewell dictatedto Eric Mr. Jeff Driggers,Chief, Art and Music Fenbyin 1929-30and publishedthe Department,Jacksonville Public Library followingyear by WinthropRogers, draw (Haydon Burns Library), on the Americanwriter for their texts. Dr. William Randel, Univenity of Maine, Besidethe printedscore are shown Xerox Mr. Felix Aprahamian of the Delius Trust, printsof the correspondingpages of the the Officers of the Delius Association of originalrough manuscripttaken down at Florida Inc., Delius'sdictation by Eric Fenbyand now the JacksonvilleUniversity Library in the GraingerCentre, University of and Melbourne,Australia. the Delius Society of Great Britain, Coll. DeliusTrust and all who have kindly given or loaned material for the Exhibition. xII. BOOKS,RECORDS AND PRINTED MUSIC A displayof books,records and TEXT: L. CARLEY R. TIIRELFALL musicalscores which arecurrently available This Catalogueis published as a special issueof the Delius Society Newsletter, London, May 1972. BIBLIOGRAPHY BEECHAM,Thomas: Frederick Delius, **** Hutchinson,London 1959. DELIUS,Clare: Frederick Delius: Memoriesof My Brother, Ivor Nicholson andWatson, London 1935. FENBY,Eric: Delius,Faber and Faber (TheGreat Composers), London 1971. FENBY,Eric: DeliusAs I KnewHim, Icon Books,London 1966. HESELTINE,Philip (Peter Warlock) : Frederick Delius,The Bodley Head, London1923;1952. HUTCHINGS,Arthur: Delius,Macmillan, London I 948. JAHODA,Gloria: TheRoad to Samarlwnd: Fredeick Deliusand HisMusic, Scribner's,