Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2007

Home , Epilimnion, Hypolimnion, Lake Mendota, Puckaway Lake

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 2008–1182

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and local agencies U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2007

A report by the Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team– W.J. Rose (team leader), H.S. Garn, G.L. Goddard, S.B. Marsh, D.L. Olson, and D.M. Robertson

Open-File Report 2008–1182

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and with other agencies

Middleton, Wisconsin 2008 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

Center Director U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center 8505 Research Way Open-File Reports Section Middleton, WI 53562 Box 25286, MS 517 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225

iii CONTENTS

Introduction ...... 1 Methods of data collection ...... 4 Explanation of physical and chemical characteristics of lakes ...... 13 Water temperature and thermal stratification...... 13 Specific conductance ...... 14 Water clarity ...... 14 pH ...... 14 Dissolved oxygen...... 15 Phosphorus ...... 16 Nitrogen...... 16 Chlorophyll a ...... 17 Classification of lakes...... 17 References cited ...... 20 Lake data...... 22 Beulah Deep Hole, 424840088241600 ...... 23 Station #2, 424929088231300 ...... 25 Big Cedar North Site, near West Bend, 432409088151600...... 27 South Site, near West Bend, 432224088154900...... 30 Blue East Basin, 455011089445600 ...... 33 West Basin, 455024089454400 ...... 35 Delavan near Delavan, 423706088363400 ...... 37 at Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001 ...... 40 at North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401 ...... 47 at SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101...... 47 Site A4, 423534088373700...... 48 Site A5, 423642088355300...... 49 Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ...... 50 Geneva at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400 ...... 52 West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300...... 54 Green at County Trunk Highway A near Green Lake (East End), 434928088553601 ...... 60 Deep Hole, 434756089020500 ...... 62 East End, 434928088570000...... 67 Kawaguesaga near Minocqua, 455208089435800 ...... 71 Kegonsa, 425715089164700...... 74 Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ...... 75 Little Cedar North Site, near West Bend, 432255088134700...... 76 South Site, near West Bend, 432249088134500...... 79 Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ...... 82 Middle Genesee at Genesee Lake Road, near Oconomowoc, 430251088284700 ...... 83 Minocqua Deep Hole, at Minocqua, 455214089412800...... 84 North Bay, at Minocqua, 455232089424100...... 87 Monona at Madison, 05429000 ...... 90 Oconomowoc No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500 ...... 92 No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200 ...... 96

iv Potter near Mukwonago, 424905088204000...... 99 Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800 ...... 104 Puckaway West Basin, near Marquette, 434515089124000...... 107 East Basin, near Marquette, 434542089073000...... 110 River Site, near Marquette, 434824089083200 ...... 113 Waubesa, 05429485...... 116 Wind, at Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100 ...... 118 at Wind Lake, 424915088083900 ...... 120 Winnebago at Oshkosh, 04082500 ...... 123 near Stockbridge, 04084255 ...... 125

Introduction to National EPA Lake Survey...... 127

Aldridge Lake, Deep Hole, near Eagle River, 455158089180300...... 131 Arrowhead Lake, Above Dam, near Nekoosa, 441242089511200 ...... 132 Atkins Lake, Deep Hole, near Grand View, 461642091021800 ...... 133 Bashaw Lake, Deep Spot, near Hertel, 454616092082100 ...... 134 Berry Lake, Deep Hole, near Gillett, 445325088282900 ...... 135 Big Crooked Lake, Deep Spot, near Lac du Flambeau, 460222089504600 ...... 136 Briggs Lake, Deep Spot, near Danbury, 460012092153700...... 137 Buckskin Lake, Center, near Fence, 454709088215800...... 138 Chequamegon Flowage, Deep Hole, near Gilman, 451224090415300...... 139 Chippewa Lake, Deep Spot, near Namekagon, 461157090591100 ...... 140 Christie Lake, Deep Hole, near Gillett, 445326088213000 ...... 141 Crooked Lake, Deep Hole, near Three Lakes, 454439089052000 ...... 142 Crystal Lake, Deep Hole, near Sayner, 460007089364100 ...... 143 Echo Lake, Deep Hole, near Gleason, 452109089282000 ...... 144 Ellwood Lake, Deep Hole, near Spread Eagle, 455134088083400 ...... 145 Fox Lake, Deep Spot, near Mercer, 460823090123600...... 146 Glen Lake, Deep Hole, near Athelstane, 452947088050600 ...... 147 Green, East #2, near Green Lake, 434911088583000...... 148 Half Moon Lake, Deep Hole, at Iron River, 463336091234600...... 149 Half Moon Lake, Deep Hole, near Milltown, 452919092244400 ...... 150 Lake Helane, Deep Hole, near Seeley, 460714091141400 ...... 151 Lake Kegonsa, Deep Hole, near Stoughton, 425750089143800 ...... 152 Lake Poygan, Deep Spot, near Winneconne, 440906088480000 ...... 153 Lake Winnebago near Oshkosh, 435934088274300 ...... 154 Little Elkhart Lake, Deep Hole, near Plymouth, 434829087582700...... 155 Little Star Lake, Deep Spot, near Sayner, 460300089290000 ...... 156 Marl Lake, Deep Hole, near Waupaca, 441925089112800...... 157 McLeod Lake, Deep Hole, near Conover, 455913089210100 ...... 158 Mud Lake, Center, near Campbellsport, 433926088132500...... 159 Mud Lake, Deep Hole, near Hazelhurst, 454755089391200...... 160 Mud Lake, Deep Spot, near Hayward, 455948091145500...... 161 Murdock Lake, Deep Spot, near Luck, 453341092255700 ...... 162 Oconomowoc Lake, Center, near Oconomowoc, 430551088273500...... 163 Peshtigo Lake, Deep Spot, at Crandon, 453500088540000 ...... 164 Pleasant Lake, Deep Spot, near Osceola, 451730092371300...... 165 Plum Lake, Deep Hole, at Sayner, 455958089314200 ...... 166 Price Lake, Deep Spot, near Lugerville, 454547090393300 ...... 167 Pulaski Lake, Deep Hole, near Bruce, 452005091171000...... 168 Rainbow (Chain) Lake, Deep Hole, near Waupaca, 442024089090200...... 169 Riley Lake, Deep Spot, near Fifield, 455125090095400 ...... 170 Rolling Stone Lake, Deep Hole, near Pickerel, 452617088565800 ...... 171

v Round Lake, Deep Hole, near Osceola, 451853092334600...... 172 Sand Lake, Deep Spot, near Solon Springs, 462242091342400...... 173 Schnur Lake, Deep Hole, near Park Falls, 455828090302800 ...... 174 Soo Lake, Deep Hole, near Rhinelander, 453918089322600...... 175 Spring Lake, Deep Hole, near Cumberland, 453452092022600...... 177 Swamsauger Lake, Deep Spot, near Hazelhurst, 454710089573000 ...... 178 Swan Lake, Deep Hole, near Portage, 433239089223500 ...... 179 Tichigan Lake near Waterford, 424854088123300 ...... 180 Unnamed Lake, Center, near Clam Falls, 454322092100500 ...... 181 Unnamed Lake, Deep Spot, near Minong, 460759091364200 ...... 182 Voltz Lake, Deep Hole, near Wilmot, 423029088050000...... 183 Wapogasset Lake, South End Deep Hole, near Amery, 451909092253300 ...... 184 Webb Lake, North Basin Deep Hole, near Webb Lake, 460222092083100 ...... 185 West Mitchell Lake, Deep Spot, near Harshaw, 453902089423200 ...... 186 Willow Reservoir, Deep Spot, near Hazelhurst, 454300089515900 ...... 187

Wisconsin Water Science Center publications pertaining to lakes...... 188 Appendix - Quality-Assurance/Quality-Control Plan ...... 198

FIGURE Figure 1. Map showing location of USGS lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin ...... 2 Figure 2. Map showing location of 2007 EPA National Lake Survey and WDNR-selected lakes...... 130

TABLES Table 1. Discontinued lake stations ...... 5 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water-Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)...... 12 3. 2007 EPA National Lake Survey and WDNR-selected lake site ID’s and counties ...... 128

vi CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS

Multiply By To Obtain

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer pound (lb) 453.6 gram acre 0.4048 hectare foot (ft) 0.3048 meter meter (m) 3.281 foot gallon (gal) 3.785 liter square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following equation °F = 1.8(°C) + 32

Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)–a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (µg/L). Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight (milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter. For water with dissolved-solids concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and µg/L are the same as for concentrations in parts per million and parts per billion, respectively.

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm). This unit is equivalent to micromhos per centimeter (mmho/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius, formerly used by the U.S. Geological Survey.

vii WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 2007 By Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2007 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2007 is called “water year 2007.”

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: “Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 2007."

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are available through the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin Water Science Center’s home page is at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin Water Science Center’s Lakes Program is found at wi.water.usgs.gov/lake/index.html and wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/index.html.

1 91°

92° 0 20 40 60 MILES

0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS

90° DOUG L A S BAY F I E L D

89° IRO N

ASHLAN D VIL A S 46° 88° WASHBURN BUR N ET T SAW Y E R FL ORE NC E Blue Minocqua, Kawaguesaga PR I C E ON E I DA FOR E S T 87° POL K RU S K BAR RO N L INCO L N MA RINET T E LAN G LA D E TA Y L O R

ST. C RO I X CHIP P E WA 45° MENOMINE E DUN N OC ON TO MA R AT H O N

SH AW AN O DOO R PIE R C E EAU C L A I R E

CL AR K KEWAUNEE PEPI N

PO R TAG E WAUPACA BUF FA L O WOO D OUTAGAMI E BRO W N

JA C K S O N TREMPE A WI N N E - CAL UME T MANITOWOC -LE AU WAU S HA R A BAGO ADA M S Winnebago 44° MON R O E MAR - LA CROSSE GREEN QUETTE LAK E Green JUNE AU FON D D U L AC SHEB OYGAN Puckaway Big Cedar VE RNO N OZ A U K E E

W ASH I N G LittleCedar Devils COL UMB I A -T O N DODG E RICHLAN D SAU K Fish Oconomowoc

CRAWFORD MILWAUKEE Middle Genesee DA N E Monona Mendota 43° WAUKESH A IOW A JEFFERSON Koshkonong GR A N T Beulah Big Muskego EXPLANATION RAC I N E GR EE N ROC K L A FAYETT E WALWORTH Wind Delavan Green Lake name KE N OS H A Geneva Potter Lake-stage station

Lake water-quality Powers and stage station Note: at some lakes more than one site may be monitored.

Figure 1. Location of USGS lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin.

The USGS has done cooperative lake monitoring with local and other agencies since 1983. Cooperators in 2007 included:

Barron County Soil and Water Conservation Department Big Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District City of Delafield Dane County Delavan Lake Sanitary District Geneva Lake Environmental Agency Green Lake Sanitary District Lake Beulah Management District Lake Puckaway Protection and Rehabilitation District Little Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District Middle Genesee Lake District Potter’s Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District Powers Lake District Rock County Public Works Department Town of Minocqua (Minocqua/Kawaguesaga Lake Protection Association) Town of Wascott (Whitefish Lake Conservation Organization) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Village of Oconomowoc Lake Wind Lake Management District Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake water- quality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site’s latitude, longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number is permanently assigned to the site; actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to update and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, an eight-to-ten digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the numerical series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first two digits of the complete eight-to-ten digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate the major river basin. For example, “04” designates the St. Lawrence River Basin and “05” designates the Upper Mississippi River Basin.

The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to water year 2007 are listed in table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this table.

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected, compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in charge of the field offices are: B.W. Olson (Merrill), and S.A. March (Middleton). The data were collected and processed by G.L. Goddard, D.E. Housner, S.B. Manteufel, B.W. Olson, D.L. Olson, P.C. Reneau, J.G. Schuler, and B.J. Siebers. S.B. Manteufel assembled, edited, and formatted the report. Additional assistance in preparation of the report was provided by J.L. Bruce, M.M. Greenwood, and D.L. Olson.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance were collected using multi-parameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were calibrated using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using the air calibration method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-m intervals if the maximum depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the maximum depth was greater than 5 m.

4 Table 1. Discontinued lake stations

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Alma Lake near St. Germain 455426089254700 Oct. 1984–Sept. 1990, May 1992–Sept.1996 Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake 452755092264600 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1994 off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake 452858092265300 May 1991–Aug. 1994 off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake 452754092234300 May 1991–Aug. 1994 Balsam Lake near Birchwood 453907091345800 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar.–Sept. 2001 Bass Lake near Shawano 445215088300300 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen 453754091490900 Mar. 1992–Aug. 1993

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam 432814088515000 June–Oct. 1991

North end, near Beaver Dam 433122088545700 June–Oct. 1991 Benedict Lake near Powers Lake 423201088180800 May 1998–Aug. 2000 Big Blacksmith Lake near Keshena 445401088334500 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 Big Hills (Hills) Lake near Wild Rose 440912089092000 June 1983–Aug. 1984, Feb.–Aug. 1987, Feb.–Aug. 1990, Feb.–Aug. 1993, Feb.–Aug. 1996, Feb.–Aug. 1999 Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near Muskego 425301088061300 Feb.–Aug. 1988

Research Base, near Muskego 425235088075300 May–June 1994

Big Round Lake near Milltown 453142092180100 Feb.–Sept. 2001 Big St. Germain Lake, near St. Germain 455557089311000 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

near Lake Tomahawk 05390750 1991–2001 Big Sand Lake, Deep Hole, near Hertel 454910092134000 Feb.–Sept. 2001

East Site, near Hertel 454921092124300 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big Sissabagama Lake, near Stone Lake 454724091303600 Apr. 1986–Sept. 1996, Oct. 1997–Sept. 2002 North Site, near Stone Lake 454800091312900 Mar. 1998–Sept. 2001 Booth Lake near East Troy 424800088254800 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1994, Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003 Buffalo Lake, Center Site, at Packwaukee 434558089260600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

East End, at Montello 434720089201600 May 1998–Sept. 2001 West End, near Endeavor 434414089282400 May 1998–Sept. 2001

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Butternut Lake, near Park Falls 455854090310300 Oct. 2002–Oct. 2004 Deep Hole, near Park Falls 455803090310800 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 North Site, near Butternut 455904090303400 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 Far South Site, near Park Falls 455651090312700 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 Denoon Lake at Wind Lake 425044088100300 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996 Druid Lake near Hartford 431643088243300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1996 Eagle Lake near Kansasville 05544500 1936–64, 1975–77, 1979, Feb. 1993–Sept. 1996 Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville 424207088072400 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1996

Eagle Spring Lake at Eagleville 425103088261500 Apr. 1991–Sept. 2001 Elizabeth Lake near Twin Lakes 423051088155300 Feb. 1995–Sept. 1997 Fish Lake near Sauk City 05406050 Nov. 1966–Sept. 1981, Apr. 1985–May 1987, May 1988, Apr. 1989– Oct. 1990, Oct. 1990– Nov. 1996, Nov. 1996– Sept. 2004 Forest Lake near Dundee 433632088100200 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996, May–Aug. 2004, Feb. – Aug. 2005 Fowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc 430653088294601 Jan.–Dec. 1984, Oct. 1986–Sept. 1996 Fox Lake Deep Hole at Fox Lake 433458088560600 June 1991–Mar. 1993 Geneva Lake, Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva 423455088263800 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

Williams Bay, at Williams Bay 423420088320500 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

Center, near Lake Geneva 423402088301400 Apr. 1997–Mar. 1999 East End, near Lake Geneva 423421088272300 Apr. 1997–May 2000

Hemlock Lake near Mikana 453421091333700 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar.–Sept. 2001 Hooker Lake at Salem 423335088060300 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1993 Kawaguesaga, South Site, near Minocqua 455145089442600 May–Sept. 2003

Kirby Lake near Cumberland 453554092042101 Nov. 1995–Oct. 1996 (Site 1) near Cumberland 453608092035801 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 2) near Cumberland 453601092035301 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

6 Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

(Site 3) near Cumberland 453612092034901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 4) near Cumberland 453603092035701 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996 (Site 5) near Cumberland 453608092041201 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996 (Site 6) near Cumberland 453555092040901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996 Lac La Belle at Oconomowoc 430733088305900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985, Apr. –Aug. 1991, Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003 NW, at Oconomowoc 430809088313900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985 SE, at Oconomowoc 430707088301400 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985 Lake Blass at Lake Delton 433545089482400 Mar. 1989–Aug. 1990 Lake Desair near Rice Lake 453446091465100 Aug. 2004 Lake Keesus, East Bay, near Merton 430957088183400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

North Bay, near Merton 431006088191000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995 Lake Morris at Mount Morris 440654089120500 Jun. 1983–Sept. 1989 Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake 463050091412300 May 1992–Aug. 1995 Nebagamon Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 462928091413500 Mar. 1992–Sept. 1995 West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 463034091425300 May 1992–Aug. 1995 Lake Noquebay near Crivitz 451511087550900 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1988, Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994 East End, near Crivitz 451540087525700 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994 Lamotte Lake near Shawano 445305088361200 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 Lauderdale Lakes at Lauderdale 424554088332700 Oct. 1993–Oct. 1994 Green, Auxiliary, Number 1, near Lauderdale 424640088341900 June 1999–Sept. 2000 Green, near Lauderdale 424652088341500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, Aug. 2002 Middle Lake at Lauderdale 424621088335500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, Feb. 1999–Sept. 2005 Mill, at Lauderdale 424555088335700 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, Aug. 2002 Legend Lake (site 1) near Shawano 445342088312700 Feb. 1990–Feb. 1992 Little Arbor Vitae near Woodruff 455446089370300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 2002 Little Green Lake, at Center, near Markesan 434412088590700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 2003

Little Muskego Lake at Muskego 425425088083500 Oct. 1986–Aug. 2002 Little Rock Lake near Woodruff 455946089415702 Oct. 1983–Sept. 1996 Little St. Germain Lake, near Eagle River 05390700 (a) Upper East Bay, at St. Germain 455532089253900 Dec. 1996–Mar. 97, Mar. 1999, Mar. 2000–Aug. 2003

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Northeast Bay, near St. Germain 455545089262500 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003 South Bay, near St. Germain 455437089270800 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003 West Bay, at St. Germain 455428089282400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003 Little Sand Lake - Site No. 2 - near Mole Lake 452826088544101 May1996–Sept. 2003

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake at Wind Lake 424937088103400 Feb. 1988–Aug. 1989, Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996 Loon Lake near Shawano 445009088303700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993 Lost Lake near Beaver Dam 432640088580500 June–Oct. 1991 McKenzie Lakes McKenzie (Big McKenzie) Deep Hole, near Spooner 455507092013500 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1998 Northern Site, near Spooner 455540092022000 June 1997–Aug. 1998 South Site, near Spooner 455437092022300 June 1997–Aug. 1998 Lower McKenzie, near Webb Lake 455902092011900 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Middle McKenzie, near Spooner 455635092021800 June 1997–Aug. 1998 Mary (Marie) Lake at Twin Lakes 423128088151200 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1997 Max Lake near Woodruff 460128089423501 Mar. 1988–Dec. 1996 Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard 444720090445000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995 West Bay near Willard 444733090460100 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1995 Minocqua, South Bay, at Minocqua 455206089425200 May–Sept. 2003 Montello Lake at Montello 434748089195800 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1998 Moon Lake near St. Germain 455504089260500 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996 Morgan Lake near Fence 454622088324801 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1998. Moshawquit Lake near Shawano 445352088295800 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 Muskego (Big Muskego) Auxiliary Number 1, near Muskego 425329088054000 June 1996–Aug. 2000

Bass Bay, near Muskego 425344008807010 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

8 Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

near Wind Lake 425109088075000 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1989, Jan. 1991–Sept. 2002 South Site, near Muskego 425212088072800 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002 Muskellunge Lake near Eagle River 455700089224900 June 2000–Aug. 2001 Muskellunge Lake, near Lake Outlet near Eagle 455706089232400 Nov. 2000–Oct. 2001 River Nagawicka Lake, at Deep Hole, at Delafield 430417088230300 Feb. 2003–Sept. 2004

Namekagon Lakes Garden, near Cable 461224091033200 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 Jackson, near Cable 461457091065900 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 Namekagon Deep Hole, near Cable 461308091065100 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 East Basin, near Cable 461228091044300 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 Northeast Basin, near Cable 461410091050700 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 Park Lake (site 1) at Pardeeville 433239089175800 Feb. 1986–Aug. 1987, May–Nov. 1993 (site 2) at Pardeeville 433226089175500 May–Nov. 1993 (site 3) at Pardeeville 433245089173000 May–Nov. 1993 (site 4) at Pardeeville 433257089165100 May–Nov. 1993 Pike Lake near Hartford 431916088200501 Dec. 1998–Dec. 2000 Pike Lake-QW Site-near Hartford 431835088200600 Feb.–Aug. 2000 Pine Lake at Chenequa 430707088230500 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2006 Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman 425722088295000 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1997

Red Cedar Lake, at Mikana 453522091360600 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, Oct. 2000–Sept. 2001 Deep Hole, near Mikana 453725091345100 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar. –Sept. 2001 South End, at Mikana 453519091352500 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, Mar. –Sept. 2001 Rice Lake at Deep Hole near Whitewater 424629088415700 Apr.–Nov. 1991

Round Lake near Shawano 445328088335000 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 Sand Lake (Deep Hole) near Keshena 445321088323101 June–Aug. 1992

Shell Lake at Shell Lake 05334000 Aug. 1936–Sept. 1999

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Silver Lake near Cumberland 453420091551600 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 Deep Hole, near Cumberland 453502091551700 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 At Beach 453424091551600 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 NE Bay 453535091550800 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 Southeast wetland 453441091545300 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 Whitefish Lake near Gordon 461231091524900 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 North Basin 461321091520900 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 South Basin (Deep Hole) 461212091523200 Oct. 2004–Sept. 2006 Silver Lake near Oconomowoc 430436088293300 Apr. 1992–Aug. 1996 Silver Lake near West Bend 432322088125000 Feb. 1996–Aug. 1997 Sinissippi Lake, off Anthony Is., at Hustisford 432113088361100 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993 off Butternut Is., near Hustisford 432240088363900 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993 off Sam Point, near Hustisford 432300088374200 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993 Spirit Lake near Keshena 445400088320100 Apr.–Aug. 1992 Spooner Lake, Deep Hole, near Spooner 455034091493300 June 2002–Aug. 2004 Southeast Site, near Spooner 454945091483900 June 2002–Aug. 2004 Stewart Lake at Mt. Horeb 430117089442701 May 1992–Sept. 1993 Tichigan Lake near Waterford 424854088123300 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996, Apr. 2003–Aug. 2004 Tombeau Lake near Powers Lake 423153088184800 May 1998–Aug. 2000 Twin Lake, East Twin, near Westfield 435430089350700 June 2002–Aug. 2004 West Twin, near Westfield 435438089352300 June 2002–Aug. 2004 Upper Nemahbin, Center, near Delafield 430400088254900 June 1993–Oct. 1995, Feb. –Sept. 2005 (a) Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. currently collects stage data for this site.

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths - near the surface and near the bottom. Chemical analyses of water samples were performed using standard analytical methods by either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; Fishman and Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were performed on samples that were filtered in the field through a 0.45-mm (micrometer) pore-size filter. Total or total recoverable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water samples. Preservation and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the

10 laboratories. Water-quality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base (QWDATA) of the National Water Information System (NWIS). Additional descriptive information about water- quality data is available in the data report: "Water Resources Data – Wisconsin, 2007". NWIS parameter codes and minimum laboratory reporting levels for chemical constituents are given in table 2. The parameter code for turbidity has changed from 00076 to 63676 because the method of testing has changed.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake stage result when measurements were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982).

Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)

(NWQL) (WSLH)

Standard Low-Level

Analysis Analysis

CAS Parameter Lab Lab Test Parameter Name Units LRL LRL LRL Number1 Code2 Code Code Code

Calcium, diss. (Ca) mg/L 7440-70-2 00915 0.020 659 0.002 1895 0.02 I230IUD

Magnesium, diss. (Mg) mg/L 7439-95-4 00925 0.004 663 0.001 1897 0.02 I390IUD

Sodium, diss. (Na) mg/L 7440-23-5 00930 0.09 675 0.025 1898 0.09 I80IUD

Potassium, diss. (K) mg/L 7440-09-7 00935 0.24 54 0.01 833 0.3 I540IUD

Sulfate, diss. (SO4) mg/L 14808-79-8 00945 0.31 1572 0.01 1263 1.0 I600DLD

Chloride, diss. (Cl) mg/L 16887-00-6 00940 0.29 1571 0.01 1259 0.1 I240ELD

Fluoride, diss. (F) mg/L 16984-48-8 00950 0.100 31 0.01 1260 0.03 I330FLD

Iron, diss. (Fe) (µg/L) 7439-89-6 01046 10 645 3 1896 10 I370IUD

Manganese, diss. (Mn) (µg/L) 7439-96-5 01056 2.2 648 1 1793 0.4 I400IUD

Silica, diss. (SiO2) mg/L 7631-86-9 00955 0.1 56 0.02 1899 0.008 I560LLD

Nitrogen, NO2+NO3, mg/L -- 00631 0.05 1975 0.005 1979 0.01 I460MLD diss.

Nitrogen, ammonia, mg/L 7664-41-7 00608 0.02 1976 0.002 1980 0.013 I440NLD diss.

Nitrogen, amm.+org., mg/L 17778-88-0 00625 0.100 1985 -- -- 0.2 I470BLT total4

Nitrogen, mg/L -- 00623 ------I470DLD amm.+org.,diss.

Nitrogen, total5 mg/L -- 00600 ------

Nitrogen, dissolved mg/L -- 00602 ------

Phosphorus, total mg/L 7723-14-0 00665 0.05 1984 0.004 2333 0.005 I520PLT

Phosphorus, ortho, diss. mg/L 14265-44-2 00671 0.01 1262 0.002 1978 0.002 I530CLD

Chlorophyll a, (µg/L) 479-61-8 70953 0.1 586 ------phytoplankton

Chlorophyll a, (µg/L) 479-61-8 32210 ------0.26 I250UNF phytoplankton

1: CAS (Chemical Abstracting Services) number = unique identification for each constituent 2: Parameter Code - unique number for storage of data in database 3: Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen 4: Also known as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 5: Calculated as sum of TKN + Nitrogen as (NO2+NO3)

EXPLANATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these measures of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes are given by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993).

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because of the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic organisms. The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the lake’s shape, water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is usually inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal stratification affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal stratification can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than about 6 m (Shaw and others, 1993).

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of 4°C, then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4°C and the freezing point of water (0°C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is usually uniform through the entire water column and wind action causes the lake to mix completely. This process is known as “spring turnover.” As the lake absorbs the sun’s energy, the surface water becomes warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to complete mixing. The difference in density caused by different water temperatures can prevent warm and cold water from mixing. In most lakes, therefore, a density “barrier” forms between the warmer surface water (epilimnion) and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This barrier is often marked by a sharp temperature gradient known as the “thermocline (metalimnion).” During the stratified summer period, these three distinct layers of lake water are often present. As the temperature difference between surface and deep water increases, this “stratified” condition stabilizes and can persist until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, which decreases the stability of the stratification. The mixing of the lake water in the fall is known as “fall turnover.”

13 Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the coldest water (near 0°C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper in the lake with warmer temperatures.

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25°C and are termed specific conductance. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance increases. During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved constituents near the lake bottom increase due to the decomposition of materials settling from the epilimnion, or release of dissolved materials (such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus) from the bottom sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, differences in specific conductance with depth indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved solids.

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly an 20-cm.-diameter disc with alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer visible. This depth is referred to as the Secchi depth. Clarity can be reduced by algae, zooplankton, water color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence on clarity in lakes and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. Secchi depths are generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest.

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. Values greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by photosynthesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it affects the solubility of many chemical constituents, and because aquatic organisms have

14 limited pH tolerances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide when they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to form carbonic acid; therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night and photosynthesis during the day causes an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because phytoplankton are usually concentrated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the epilimnion are more extreme than in the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs.

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus from lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991).

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because it is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very low dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The solubility of oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature–that is, oxygen solubility decreases as water temperature increases. This relation is important because at warmer temperatures the metabolic rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for respiration. The primary sources of dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration specified in national water-quality criteria for early life stages of warmwater aquatic life is 5.0 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986).

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion.

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of meter constraints. During anoxic conditions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but many other species

15 (primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a shift from oxic to anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological community and chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause release of phosphorus from the bottom sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and fall turnover.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus concentrations can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause of eutrophication in lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 mg/L at the time of spring overturn in lakes and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience excess or nuisance growth of algae or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986). In many regions of the country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, particularly nitrogen, tend to be in abundant supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest supply, therefore limiting or controlling plant growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in Wisconsin are limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others, 1993). In water, dissolved orthophosphate is that part of total phosphorus that is most readily available for use by algae.

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic plants, fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and decompose, this phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the hypolimnion makes phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from the falling particles and the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, which was released from the bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed throughout the lake. The phosphorus is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are part of the internal-recycling processes of lakes.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In that case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by increases in phosphorus. Some bluegreen algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere

16 (Wetzel, 1983). Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a shortage of nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing bluegreen algae have a competitive advantage and may be present in abundance.

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may generally be considered phosphorus limited; a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition situation; and a ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is the sum of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface concentration is commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because most algal species grow near the lake surface.

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause taste and odor problems, and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged aquatic plants. Certain species of bluegreen algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 1987).

CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality index and Carlson’s (1977) trophic state index (TSI). In previous USGS data reports, a modification of Carlson’s trophic state index for Wisconsin lakes by Lillie and others (1993) had been used; however, this approach did not properly classify oligotrophic and highly euthrophic lakes and, therefore, was discontinued.

17 Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed based on summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depth from a random set of lakes in Wisconsin. These data were used to classify the lakes’s water quality as shown below:

Water clarity range Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a range Water-quality index (Secchi depth, in range (mg/L) (µg/L) meters) “Excellent” <0.001 <1.0 >6.0 “Very good” .001-.009 1.0-4.9 3.0-6.0 “Good” .010-.029 5.0-9.9 2.0-2.9 “Fair” .030-.049 10.0-14.9 1.5-1.9 “Poor” .050-.149 15.0-30.0 1.0-1.4 “Very poor” >.150 >30.0 <1.0

Carlson’s (1977) TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the three trophic conditions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality conditions. Oligotrophic lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus concentrations are low, and the deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. Mesotrophic lakes typically have a moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal blooms, and have occasional oxygen depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with relatively severe water-quality problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen depletion in lower parts of the lakes, and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very severe, the lake is considered hypereutrophic.

Carlson’s (1977) TSI values are also based on near-surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depths. The indices were developed to place these three characteristics on similar scales to allow comparison of different lakes. TSI values based on phosphorus concentrations (TSIP), Secchi depths (TSISD), and chlorophyll a concentrations

(TSIC) typically are computed only for measurements collected during the open-water period.

TSI values for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Carlson, 1977):

18 TSIP = 4.15 + 14.42 x (ln [total phosphorus concentration x 1,000])

TSISD = 60.0 – 14.41 x (ln Secchi depth)

TSIC = 30.6 + 9.81 x (ln chlorophyll a concentration)

where: total phosphorus is in milligrams per liter, Secchi depth is in meters, and chlorophyll a is in micrograms per liter.

The three main trophic conditions are defined with the following boundaries for total phosphorus, Secchi disc, and chlorophyll a:

Trophic State Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a Trophic level Secchi depth (m) Index (mg/L) (µg/L)

Eutrophic ------50------0.024------2.0------7.2------Mesotrophic ------40------0.012------4.0------2.6------Oligotrophic

REFERENCES CITED

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v. 22, no. 2, p. 361-369.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory–Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime convective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946-960.

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-State Index equations and regional predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Management Findings No. 35, 4 p.

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin No. 138, 116 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p.

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987, Incidence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Informational Paper, 8 p.

20 Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 1993, Understanding Lake Data: University of Wisconsin Extension, G3582: Madison, Wis., 19 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality Criteria for Water 1986: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5-86-001 [variously paged].

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p.

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2nd ed.): New York, W.B. Saunders, 767 p.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992, Wisconsin water quality assessment– Report to Congress, 1992: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publ-WR254- 92-REV, 220 p.

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of analytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, revised November 1993 [variously paged].

LAKE DATA

Remarks codes and symbols used in the following tables:

[<, less than; M, present but not quantified; --, not available; E, estimated]

22 424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'40", long 88°24'16", in SW ¼ NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.17, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 30 00065 Lake stage (ft) -- 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 4.05 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.65 00098 Sampling depth (m) 2.0 8.0 14.0 17.0 18.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.9 15.8 7.0 6.3 6.1 00400 pH (standard units) 8.3 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 475 553 558 562 574 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.018 0.032 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) <0.002 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.005 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.019 0.369 0.957 0.6 <0.019 00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) 0.019 0.259 0.038 0.239 0.817 00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.42 0.64 0.41 0.69 1.4 00600 Total nitrogen -- 1.0 1.4 1.3 -- 00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) 230 260 290 280 280 00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) 41 51.6 58.7 57.7 58.3 00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) 31.2 32 33.7 33 32.6 00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) 8.5 8.6 9.1 8.9 8.8 00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 193 223 231 235 243 00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) 20.4 21.2 21.5 21.5 21.5 00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) 26.2 28.6 29.2 29 27.1 00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) 15.3 10.9 13.2 14.4 17.3 01046 Iron (µg/L) <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 01056 Manganese (µg/L) <0.5 30 50 150 490 63675 Turbidity, white light (NTU) <1.0 ------

23 424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, AUGUST 30, 2007

08-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O.

W.T. 10

20 0 1020 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

67 89 10 0

5 S.C.

pH 10

20 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

24 424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'29", long 88°23'13", in SE ¼ NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.8, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 30 00065 Lake stage (ft) -- 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 4.87 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.05 00098 Sampling depth (m) 2.0 8.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 24.2 15.6 7.4 6.5 6.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 444 493 496 505 509 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.7 0.2 1.6 0.1 0.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.022 0.027 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.019 <0.019 0.133 <0.019 <0.019 00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) <0.015 0.117 0.213 0.429 0.534 00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.54 0.63 0.67 0.98 1.3 00600 Total nitrogen -- -- 0.8 -- -- 00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) 220 240 240 240 250 00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) 34.4 41.9 43.7 44.7 45.2 00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) 31.7 32.5 31.9 32.2 32.2 00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) 10.1 10.4 10.1 10.1 10 00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 171 194 199 202 205 00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) 22.9 24.1 23.6 23.9 23.7 00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) 25.3 26.9 26.3 25.7 24.6 00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) 13 8.15 8.75 11 12.3 01046 Iron (µg/L) <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 01056 Manganese (µg/L) <0.5 20 20 170 250 63675 Turbidity, white light (NTU) <1.0 ------

25 424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, AUGUST 30, 2007

08-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. 5

W.T.

15 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 89 10 0

pH 5 S.C.

400 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

26 432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°24'09", long 88°15'16", in NE ¼ SW ¼ sec.20, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.—1.46 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on north side at a depth of 12 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 28 April 19 June 14 July 19 August 22 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- -- 4.42 8.69 6.76 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.5 -- 1.75 1.6 1.65 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 11.0 0.5 11.5 0.5 11.5 0.5 11.5 0.5 12.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 1.0 2.7 8.2 5.7 25.0 10.1 24.5 11.8 21.8 12.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.0 7.4 8.4 8.3 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.2 8.5 7.0 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 567 727 526 527 544 573 557 627 511 670 00300 Dissolved oxygen 13.2 6.4 12.0 11.4 9.4 0.3 10.1 0.2 7.9 0.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.025 0.019 0.020 0.045 0.013 0.047

27 432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007

02-28-07 04-19-07 06-14-07 07-19-07 08-22-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 W.T.

4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 D.O. 8 8 8 8 8

DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10 10 10 10

12 12 12 12 12 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 010 20 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

pH 2 2 2 2 2

4 S.C. 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 8 8 8

DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10 10 10 10

12 12 12 12 12 500 550 600 650 700 750 500 550 600 650 700 750 500 550 600 650 700 750 500 550 600 650 700 750 500 550 600 650 700 750 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

28 0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

12 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Phosphorus Eutrophic Chlorophyll a 60 Secchi depth

Mesotrophic

TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Oligotrophic

20 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

29 432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'24", long 88°15'49", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.31, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on south side at deep hole. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 28 April 19 June 14 July 19 August 22 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 1.55 4.72 8.09 6.29 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 6.7 3.0 2.0 2.6 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 30 0.5 30 0.5 30 0.5 30 0.5 30 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 0.7 2.4 5.9 4.5 23.7 5.1 24.2 4.9 22.1 4.9 00400 pH (standard units) 8.1 7.4 8.2 8 8.5 7.7 8.6 7.4 8.5 7.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 536 569 533 541 538 560 542 572 510 579 00300 Dissolved oxygen 13.2 0.5 12.6 12.1 9.6 2.8 10.6 0.4 8.4 0.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.014 0.019 0.013 0.013 0.027 0.061 0.017 0.020 0.014 0.020 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- 0.005 ------0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- 0.273 ------< 0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- 0.053 ------<0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- 0.57 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- 0.84 ------00076 Tubidity (NTU) -- 1.3 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- 5 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- 230 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- 35.1 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- 33.5 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- 20.9 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- 1.7 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- 187 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- 48.3 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- 21.3 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- 1.68 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- <100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- <0.5 ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- 296 ------

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007

02-28-07 04-19-07 06-14-07 07-19-07 08-22-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 102 00 102 00 102 00 10 20 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 5 W.T. 10 10 10 10 10

15 15 15 15 15

D.O. 20 20 20 20 20

DEPTH, IN METERS 25 25 25 25 25

30 30 30 30 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910 678910 678910 67 8910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 5 pH 10 10 10 10 10 S.C.

15 15 15 15 15

20 20 20 20 20

DEPTH, IN METERS 25 25 25 25 25

30 30 30 30 30 500 525 550 575 600 500 525 550 575 600 500 525 550 575 600 500 525 550 575 600 500 525 550 575 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

31 0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 10

12 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 70

Eutrophic 60

Mesotrophic 40

30 Total Phosphorus TROPHICINDEX STATE Chlorophyll a Oligotrophic Secchi depth

20 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

32 455011089445600 BLUE LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°50'11", long 89°44'56", in NE ¼ SW ¼ sec.28, T.29 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Hazelhurst.

SURFACE AREA.--0.71 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 2007

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the east basin at a depth of 7.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 18, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name July 18 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.0 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 7.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.9 21.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.3 8.0 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 81 83 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 6.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 0.013

33 455011089445600 BLUE LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18, 2007

07-18-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 W.T.

3 D.O. 4

8 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 89 10 0

1 pH 2 S.C. 3

8 0 501 00 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

34 455024089454400 BLUE LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°50'24", long 89°45'44", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.29, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Hazelhurst.

SURFACE AREA.--0.71 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 2007

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the west basin at a depth of 13.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 18, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name July 18 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 8.7 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 13.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.3 10.4 00400 pH (standard units) 8.1 7.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 72 80 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.4 1.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) <0.005 0.021

35 455024089454400 BLUE LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18, 2007

07-18-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

3 D.O. W.T.

15 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 89 10 0

3 pH

6 S.C.

15 0 501 00 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

36 423706088363400 DELAVAN LAKE NEAR DELAVAN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36′27″, long 88°36′19″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Delavan Lake Sanitary District Lift Station No. 2 at Delavan Lake Yacht Club, 1.0 mi southeast of outlet, and 2.7 mi southeast of Delavan. SURFACE AREA.--3.24 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.30 mi2 probably is noncontributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year. October 1983 to September 1985 data published in Water Resources Investigation series report "Water Quality and Hydrology of Delavan Lake in Southeastern Wisconsin" by Stephen J. Field and Marvin D. Duerk. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 922.92 ft above NGVD of 1929. Prior to Sept. 5, 1989, staff gage at bridge on North Shore Drive at same datum. REMARKS.--Lake was ice covered from Jan. 17 to Mar. 25. Lake levels controlled by Delavan Lake Sanitary District. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 6.53 ft, Aug. 27, 2007; minimum daily, -4.44 ft, Nov. 6, 1989 (lake drawn down for lake rehabilitation program). EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height, 6.53 ft, Aug. 27; minimum, 4.87 ft, Aug. 4.

37 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 4.97 5.00 5.21 4.95 5.07 5.04 5.08 5.07 5.01 4.96 4.96 5.07 2 4.99 5.00 5.15 4.94 5.07 5.02 5.09 5.06 5.06 4.94 4.95 5.05 3 5.08 4.99 5.05 4.93 5.07 5.00 5.20 5.03 5.08 4.93 4.93 5.03 4 5.11 4.99 4.95 4.94 5.06 4.97 5.28 4.98 5.16 5.04 4.91 5.03 5 5.09 4.99 4.94 4.97 5.06 4.96 5.22 4.98 5.26 5.03 5.09 5.02 6 5.06 5.00 4.96 4.98 5.06 4.95 5.12 4.97 5.20 5.03 5.08 5.03 7 5.03 5.00 4.97 4.99 5.06 4.95 5.04 4.96 5.12 5.02 5.11 5.04 8 5.01 5.01 4.98 5.00 5.06 4.96 5.04 4.97 5.13 5.01 5.07 5.04 9 5.01 5.02 4.98 5.02 5.05 4.96 5.05 4.98 5.08 5.02 5.07 5.02 10 5.01 5.05 4.99 5.02 5.05 4.99 5.05 4.99 5.04 5.07 5.05 5.04 11 5.04 5.11 5.00 5.02 5.05 5.08 5.11 5.00 5.01 5.09 5.04 5.11 12 5.02 5.11 5.04 5.04 5.06 5.20 5.17 4.99 5.00 5.07 5.06 5.11 13 4.99 5.11 5.11 5.05 5.07 5.34 5.17 4.98 5.00 5.04 5.05 5.10 14 4.98 5.11 5.12 5.06 5.07 5.38 5.19 4.97 5.00 5.02 5.06 5.08 15 4.98 5.09 5.06 5.10 5.07 5.30 5.18 4.98 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.06 16 4.98 5.05 5.02 5.10 5.07 5.18 5.15 5.02 4.99 4.99 5.05 5.04 17 5.04 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.07 5.09 5.12 5.03 4.99 4.99 5.03 5.02 18 5.06 5.00 5.01 5.09 5.07 5.03 5.08 5.02 5.02 4.99 5.00 5.02 19 5.06 5.01 5.03 5.08 5.07 5.04 5.04 5.01 5.26 5.00 5.27 5.02 20 5.04 5.01 5.04 5.07 5.06 5.04 5.00 5.01 5.21 4.98 6.00 5.02 21 5.01 5.01 5.05 5.07 5.05 5.09 4.98 5.01 5.11 4.96 6.28 5.03 22 5.03 5.01 5.11 5.07 5.04 5.16 4.98 5.01 5.08 4.95 6.28 5.04 23 5.02 5.02 5.24 5.06 5.03 5.10 5.00 5.01 5.02 4.94 6.45 5.03 24 5.00 5.01 5.19 5.05 5.05 5.01 5.01 5.00 5.01 4.93 6.48 5.02 25 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.04 5.13 4.94 5.08 4.99 5.00 4.92 6.35 5.03 26 5.01 4.99 5.03 5.03 5.14 4.94 5.15 5.01 5.00 4.93 6.16 5.04 27 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.03 5.12 4.96 5.17 5.01 5.01 4.98 5.96 5.04 28 5.06 5.06 4.99 5.04 5.06 4.98 5.14 5.00 5.00 4.98 5.76 5.03 29 5.04 5.10 4.97 5.05 --- 4.99 5.10 4.99 4.99 4.97 5.58 5.01 30 5.02 5.19 4.96 5.06 --- 5.00 5.09 4.99 4.98 4.97 5.40 5.00 31 5.01 --- 4.95 5.06 --- 5.01 --- 5.00 --- 4.97 5.21 --- Mean 5.03 5.03 5.04 5.03 5.07 5.05 5.10 5.00 5.06 4.99 5.41 5.04 Max 5.11 5.19 5.24 5.10 5.14 5.38 5.28 5.07 5.26 5.09 6.48 5.11 Min 4.97 4.99 4.94 4.93 5.03 4.94 4.98 4.96 4.98 4.92 4.91 5.00

-2 GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET IN HEIGHT, GAGE -4

-6 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Stage hydrograph for Delavan Lake, 1983 – 2007.

39 423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE ¼ SW ¼ sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA.--3.24 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake ice-covered during February measurements. Water-quality analyses done by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory. Samples for determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0.5 m of the lake and analyzed by the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 3, 2006 TO DECEMBER 28, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Oct 3 Oct 9 Oct 18 Oct 24 Oct 30 Nov 6 Nov 14 Nov 20 Nov 27 Dec 28 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.08 5.01 5.06 5.00 5.02 5.00 5.11 5.01 5.00 4.99 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) ------6.64 -- -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.0 4.3 3.8 5.6 5.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 16.0 0.5 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 16.0 15.0 12.0 10.0 9.0 7.5 7.0 6.4 6.2 6.0 2.0 00400 pH (standard units) ------8.3 8.2 -- -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) ------538 540 -- -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen ------11.2 10.2 -- -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.102 0.101 0.088 0.091 0.091 0.078 0.076 0.079 0.084 0.078 0.079 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) ------0.038 0.045 -- -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) ------0.056 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) ------0.046 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) ------0.72 ------00600 Total nitrogen ------0.78 ------

40 423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JANUARY 5 TO MAY 8, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Jan 5 Feb 22 Mar 27 Apr 16 May 3 May 8 00065 Lake stage (ft) 4.97 5.04 4.96 5.15 5.03 4.97 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 3.63 -- 3.26 -- -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 5.9 4.6 2.4 4.3 5.8 5.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 0.5 16.0 0.5 0.5 16.0 0.5 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 2.5 1.6 3.0 5.0 6.7 5.3 11.0 13.5 00400 pH (standard units) -- 8.3 7.5 -- 8.6 8.5 -- -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- 565 844 -- 593 597 -- -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen -- 13.8 4.2 -- 13.4 12.5 -- -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.076 0.069 0.234 0.069 0.038 0.044 0.038 0.026 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- 0.043 0.183 -- 0.014 0.015 -- -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- 0.426 -- -- 0.417 0.397 -- -- 00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- 0.049 -- -- E 0.019 0.031 -- -- 00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- 0.61 -- -- 0.53 0.55 -- -- 00600 Total nitrogen -- 1 -- -- 0.95 0.94 -- -- 63676 Tubidity, white light (NTRU) ------<2.0 <2.0 -- -- 00080 Color, filtered (PTU) ------8 8 -- -- 00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) ------230 230 -- -- 00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) ------39.6 40 -- -- 00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) ------32.3 32.4 -- -- 00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) ------30.3 30.7 -- -- 00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) ------2.8 2.79 -- -- 90410 ANC, lab (as CaCO3) ------186 186 -- -- 00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) ------62.4 62.2 -- -- 00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) ------24.5 24.4 -- -- 00950 Fluoride, dissolved (F) ------0.17 0.17 -- -- 00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) ------<0.2 E 0.1 -- -- 01046 Iron (µg/L) ------E 4 < 6 -- -- 01056 Manganese (µg/L) ------0.9 2.5 -- -- 70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) ------319 321 -- --

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 16 TO JULY 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name May 16 May 30 Jun 6 Jun 12 Jun 28 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.02 4.99 5.20 5.00 5.00 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.04 -- -- 13.6 -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 6.6 4.6 4.0 2.5 3.8 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 6.0 12.0 16.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 13.0 16.0 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 16.1 15.9 13.0 10.7 19.0 20.0 23.1 20.9 14.9 13.8 24.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 8.7 8.4 7.9 -- -- 8.8 8.7 7.8 7.6 -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 606 606 612 622 -- -- 577 581 606 616 -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.3 11.2 10.4 5.8 -- -- 11.9 10.4 1.1 0.2 -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.029 0.028 0.040 0.109 0.034 0.034 0.046 0.039 0.120 0.308 0.032 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) E 0.003 E 0.003 E 0.005 0.056 -- -- E 0.004 <0.006 0.103 0.265 -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) 0.186 ------0.113 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) E 0.018 ------0.025 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.6 ------0.72 ------00600 Total nitrogen 0.79 ------0.83 ------

Parameter Code Parameter Name Jul 5 Jul 18 Jul 30

00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.03 4.99 4.97 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 10.8 --

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.9 2.3 2.5 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 0.5 6.0 10.0 16.0 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 25.0 24.6 24.4 17.6 14.2 27.0 00400 pH (standard units) -- 8.6 8.6 7.6 7.3 -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- 565 566 598 624 -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen -- 9.9 9.7 0.1 0.1 -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.028 0.027 0.031 0.149 0.500 0.022 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- <0.006 <0.006 0.051 0.355 -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- E 0.008 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- 0.033 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- 0.66 ------

42 423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 13 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Aug 13 Aug 22 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.05 6.28 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 9.81 -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 1.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 0.5 9.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 26.7 26.4 24.2 22.0 16.0 14.7 14.4 14.1 24.2 20.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.2 8.4 7.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 549 551 569 580 610 621 630 638 538 429 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 7.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.6 2.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.030 0.027 0.028 0.041 0.267 0.450 0.530 0.590 0.035 0.107 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) E 0.003 E 0.005 -- -- 0.188 -- -- 0.538 -- -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.016 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) E 0.019 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.68 ------

Parameter Code Parameter Name Aug 30 Sept 5 Sept 12 Sept 19 Sept 20 Sept 26 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.40 5.02 5.11 5.02 -- -- 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) ------22.8 -- -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.4 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 9.5 16.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 11.0 14.0 16.0 0.5 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 24.4 20.9 14.2 25.0 21.0 20.4 19.1 14.9 14.4 20.0 20.0 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 7.6 7.2 -- -- 8.5 8.0 7.1 7.1 -- -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 523 520 644 -- -- 523 546 634 642 -- -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.3 0.4 0.1 -- -- 9.8 4.4 0.3 0.3 -- -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.041 0.079 0.610 0.046 0.040 0.056 0.146 0.510 0.600 0.050 0.050 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) ------E 0.003 0.046 0.468 0.573 -- -- 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) ------<0.016 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) ------<0.020 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) ------0.68 ------

43 423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2006 TO JUNE 12, 2007

11-20-06 02-22-07 04-16-07 05-16-07 06-12-07

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 010 20 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 W.T. 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 8 8 8

10 10 10 10 10 D.O. 12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS 14 14 14 14 14

16 16 16 16 16 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 S.C. pH 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 8 8 8

10 10 10 10 10

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS 14 14 14 14 14

16 16 16 16 16 400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

44 423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2007

07-18-07 08-13-07 08-22-07 08-30-07 09-19-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020

0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2

D.O. 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 8 8 8 W.T. 10 10 10 10 10

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS 14 14 14 14 14

16 16 16 16 16 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910 678910 678910 678910 678910

0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 pH

4 S.C. 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 8 8 8

10 10 10 10 10

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS 14 14 14 14 14

45 CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER TROPHIC STATE INDEX SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 100 120 10 20 40 60 80 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 93 18 95 18 97 18 99 19 91 19 93 19 95 96 97 98 19 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 and TSI data for Delavan Lake, at Center, near Delavan, Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Delavan, near Center, at Lake, Delavan for data TSI and depths, Secchi concentrations, a chlorophyll phosphorus, total Surface Secchi depth a Chlorophyll Total Phosphorus 329 Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Mesotrophic 46 Eutrophic 423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year.

Parameter Code Parameter Name June 12 July 18 August 13 September 19 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.9

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE ¼ NW ¼ sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year.

Parameter Code Parameter Name June 12 July 18 August 13 September 19 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7

47 423534088373700 DELAVAN LAKE (SITE A4) NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'34", long 88°37'37", referenced to North American Datum, in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near southwest end of lake.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 22 AND 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 22 August 30 00065 Gage height (ft) 6.28 5.40 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 2.6

08-22-07 08-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0

2 2

4 D.O. 4 W.T. 6 6

8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10

12 12 010 20 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

67 8910 67 8910 0 0

2 S.C. 2 pH 4 4

6 6

8 8

DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10

12 12 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

48 423642088355300 DELAVAN LAKE (SITE A5) NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'42", long 88°35'53", referenced to North American Datum, in SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near northeast end of lake.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 22 AND 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 22 August 30 00065 Gage height (ft) 6.28 5.40 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.7 2.3

08-22-07 08-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0

2 2 D.O. 4 4 W.T. 6 6

8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10

12 12 010 20 30 010 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

67 8 910 67 8910 0 0

2 S.C. 2

4 pH 4

6 6

8 8

DEPTH, IN METERS 10 10

12 12 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

49 05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25′35″, long 89°43′40″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW ¼ SE ¼ sec.13, T.11 N., R.6 E., Sauk County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 3.5 mi south of Baraboo. SURFACE AREA.--0.56 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 (fragmentary). October 1981 to September 1984, data unpublished in district files. October 1984 to current year. REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 955.00 ft, above NGVD of 1929. REMARKS.--Lake has no surface outlet. Water removed from lake by siphon October 1-16 and September 6-22, 24-30. Water was diverted into lake (during runoff events) during the year. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 14.13 ft, July 18, 1993; minimum observed, 1.49 ft Feb. 8, 1965. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 9.89 ft, May 3 and 5; minimum recorded, 6.93 ft, Nov. 25-27.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 7.56 7.11 7.13 7.36 7.39 7.52 9.21 9.86 9.37 8.64 7.94 9.50 2 7.54 7.09 7.13 7.37 7.39 7.55 9.25 9.85 9.37 8.60 7.91 9.47 3 7.51 7.08 7.12 7.38 7.39 7.55 9.38 9.85 9.36 8.58 7.88 9.45 4 7.52 7.07 7.12 7.38 7.39 7.55 9.44 9.84 9.35 8.59 7.88 9.43 5 7.50 7.06 7.12 7.38 7.38 7.55 9.45 9.83 9.32 8.57 8.05 9.39 6 7.46 7.06 7.10 7.39 7.38 7.55 9.46 9.81 9.30 8.55 8.06 9.35 7 7.43 7.05 7.09 7.39 7.38 7.55 9.46 9.79 9.28 8.53 8.18 9.38 8 7.39 7.05 7.09 7.39 7.37 7.55 9.46 9.77 9.25 8.50 8.17 9.36 9 7.35 7.04 7.08 7.38 7.37 7.55 9.46 9.76 9.22 8.48 8.15 9.32 10 7.33 7.04 7.08 7.38 7.37 7.56 9.46 9.75 9.20 8.46 8.13 9.31 11 7.32 7.05 7.08 7.38 7.37 7.56 9.53 9.72 9.17 8.42 8.12 9.30 12 7.29 7.05 7.09 7.38 7.37 7.57 9.56 9.70 9.15 8.37 8.13 9.26 13 7.26 7.04 7.10 7.37 7.36 7.63 9.56 9.71 9.12 8.34 8.12 9.22 14 7.23 7.04 7.10 7.37 7.36 7.76 9.57 9.70 9.09 8.31 8.13 9.16 15 7.22 7.03 7.10 7.39 7.35 7.86 9.59 9.70 9.06 8.27 8.13 9.11 16 7.20 7.02 7.10 7.39 7.35 7.93 9.61 9.70 9.04 8.25 8.12 9.07 17 7.21 7.01 7.09 7.39 7.35 7.97 9.61 9.68 9.01 8.23 8.09 9.03 18 7.21 7.00 7.09 7.38 7.34 8.01 9.62 9.66 9.00 8.21 8.12 9.00 19 7.20 6.99 7.09 7.38 7.34 8.05 9.62 9.63 8.98 8.19 8.86 8.97 20 7.19 6.99 7.09 7.38 7.34 8.11 9.62 9.61 8.95 8.15 9.17 8.94 21 7.19 6.98 7.13 7.40 7.33 8.18 9.63 9.58 8.92 8.13 9.35 8.92 22 7.23 6.97 7.19 7.40 7.33 8.38 9.63 9.56 8.91 8.10 9.45 8.91 23 7.22 6.96 7.25 7.40 7.33 8.49 9.65 9.54 8.87 8.07 9.50 8.88 24 7.20 6.95 7.26 7.40 7.41 8.56 9.67 9.53 8.85 8.05 9.52 8.85 25 7.20 6.95 7.27 7.40 7.48 8.76 9.73 9.51 8.82 8.03 9.53 8.83 26 7.19 6.94 7.28 7.40 7.50 8.87 9.76 9.49 8.80 8.01 9.52 8.81 27 7.18 6.97 7.28 7.39 7.51 8.93 9.81 9.47 8.77 8.05 9.53 8.77 28 7.16 7.05 7.29 7.40 7.50 8.98 9.82 9.45 8.74 8.02 9.55 8.73 29 7.15 7.11 7.29 7.40 --- 9.01 9.83 9.43 8.70 8.00 9.55 8.70 30 7.15 7.13 7.30 7.40 --- 9.03 9.84 9.40 8.67 7.98 9.54 8.67 31 7.12 --- 7.34 7.40 --- 9.07 --- 9.38 --- 7.96 9.52 --- Mean 7.29 7.03 7.16 7.39 7.38 8.07 9.58 9.65 9.05 8.28 8.64 9.10 Max 7.56 7.13 7.34 7.40 7.51 9.07 9.84 9.86 9.37 8.64 9.55 9.50 Min 7.12 6.94 7.08 7.36 7.33 7.52 9.21 9.38 8.67 7.96 7.88 8.67 50

10 MAX

MIN 5 GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET IN HEIGHT, GAGE

0 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Annual minimum and maximum water levels for Devils Lake, 1936-2007.

51 423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35′25″, long 88°26′04″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE ¼ NW ¼ sec.36, T.2 N., R.17 E., Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Geneva Lake dam at Center Street at Lake Geneva. SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to August 2002, December 2002 to current year. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 862.08 ft above NGVD of 1929. Intermittent staff-gage readings January to March. REMARKS.--Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 3.35 ft, Aug. 20, 2007; minimum gage height, 1.44 ft, Nov. 5, 2005 (affected by wind). EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 3.35 ft, Aug. 20; minimum gage height, 1.82 ft, Feb. 22, but may have been lower during period of missing record.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES [e, estimated] Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.34 2.39 2.66 2.58 ------2.62 2.66 2.52 2.50 2.47 2.81 2 2.34 2.37 2.68 2.56 ------2.60 2.65 2.56 2.49 2.47 2.79 3 2.39 2.36 2.65 2.56 ------2.67 2.63 2.57 2.49 2.45 2.77 4 2.40 2.34 2.62 2.54 ------2.68 2.62 2.65 2.58 2.43 2.75 5 2.39 2.33 e2.57 2.51 ------2.65 2.60 2.71 2.57 2.70 2.73 6 2.39 2.34 --- 2.49 ------2.63 2.58 2.69 2.56 2.74 2.71 7 2.38 2.34 --- 2.47 --- e2.12 2.61 2.58 2.70 2.56 2.87 2.72 8 2.38 2.35 --- 2.46 ------2.59 2.57 2.67 2.56 2.87 2.68 9 2.36 2.35 --- 2.43 ------2.59 2.58 2.65 2.55 2.85 2.66 10 2.35 2.35 --- 2.40 ------2.57 2.57 2.63 2.58 2.82 2.65 11 2.40 2.40 e2.51 2.39 ------2.59 2.55 2.61 2.55 2.79 2.69 12 2.40 2.40 2.53 2.37 ------2.67 2.54 2.59 2.52 2.79 2.64 13 2.36 2.40 2.54 2.35 --- e2.23 2.66 2.53 2.58 2.49 2.76 2.62 14 2.30 2.39 2.53 2.34 ------2.65 2.55 2.57 2.48 2.77 2.59 15 2.28 2.39 2.52 ------2.64 2.54 2.56 2.45 2.75 2.56 16 2.27 2.39 2.51 ------2.64 2.55 2.56 2.44 2.74 2.54 17 2.33 2.38 2.50 e2.30 ------2.62 2.54 2.55 2.43 2.71 2.52 18 2.34 2.38 2.50 ------2.62 2.54 2.58 2.44 2.68 2.52 19 2.35 2.38 2.49 ------2.37 2.61 2.54 2.73 2.43 2.89 2.52 20 2.35 2.37 2.48 ------2.37 2.61 2.51 2.69 2.41 3.28 2.51 21 2.34 2.37 2.51 ------2.42 2.60 2.51 2.65 2.39 3.26 2.52 22 2.40 2.37 2.59 --- e1.82 2.48 2.60 2.51 2.64 2.39 3.25 2.50 23 2.39 2.37 2.65 ------2.49 2.61 2.52 2.62 2.38 3.25 2.49 24 2.38 2.37 2.62 ------2.50 2.59 2.52 2.60 2.38 3.20 2.50 25 2.37 2.38 2.61 ------2.51 2.64 2.49 2.60 2.38 3.14 2.51 26 2.38 2.38 2.60 ------2.52 2.70 2.51 2.60 2.42 3.07 2.52 27 2.41 2.39 2.58 ------2.52 2.72 2.53 2.61 2.49 3.01 2.51 28 2.42 2.46 2.57 ------2.52 2.71 2.50 2.57 2.48 2.97 2.50 29 2.40 2.53 2.56 ------2.54 2.70 2.50 2.55 2.48 2.91 2.49 30 2.41 2.60 2.55 ------2.54 2.67 2.51 2.53 2.47 2.88 2.48 31 2.41 --- 2.56 ------2.54 --- 2.51 --- 2.47 2.85 --- Mean 2.37 2.39 ------2.64 2.55 2.61 2.48 2.86 2.60 Max 2.42 2.60 ------2.72 2.66 2.73 2.58 3.28 2.81 Min 2.27 2.33 ------2.57 2.49 2.52 2.38 2.43 2.48

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0 GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET FEET IN HEIGHT, GAGE

STAFF GAGE READING

1.5 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Stage hydrograph for Geneva Lake, 1997-2007.

53 423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.12, T.1 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3 mi south of Williams Bay.

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi .

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1997 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0.5 m of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2006 TO JUNE 12, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter

Code Parameter Name November 20 April 16 June 12 00065 Lake stage (ft) 2.35 2.64 2.59 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.75 3.49 1.00 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 8.4 6.6 6.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 42.0 0.5 43.0 0.5 8.0 20.0 32.0 37.0 42.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 7.9 7.8 3.9 3.8 21.6 18.6 8.7 7.2 6.8 6.6 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 507 507 536 540 522 525 534 540 541 543 00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.0 9.6 14.6 14.0 9.4 9.9 11.1 9.8 9.1 8.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.009 <0.005 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.010 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) 0.006 -- 0.003 0.005 <0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) 0.059 -- 0.038 0.038 <0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) <0.015 -- <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.32 -- 0.29 0.35 0.95 ------00600 Total nitrogen 0.38 -- 0.33 0.39 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- -- 0.9 1.5 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- -- 5 < 5 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- -- 220 230 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- -- 33.5 34.6 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- -- 34 34.8 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- -- 18.8 19.5 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- -- 1.9 1.9 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- -- 185 184 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- -- 41.3 41.1 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- -- 30.3 30.1 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- -- 1.66 1.71 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- -- < 100 < 100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- -- < 0.5 < 0.5 ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- -- 282 288 ------

54 423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 18 TO AUGUST 22, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name July 18 00065 Lake stage (ft) 2.44 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.38 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.6 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 8.0 18.0 32.0 37.0 41.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.8 23.1 9.7 7.2 6.7 6.6 00400 pH (standard units) 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 522 522 522 525 527 530 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.1 9.0 10.5 8.8 8.5 6.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.016 0.009 0.013 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) <0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) <0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.56 ------

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 22 00065 Lake stage (ft) 3.25 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.16 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 10.0 18.0 34.0 39.0 42.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.6 23.3 10.0 7.1 6.7 6.6 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 8.5 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 506 507 524 527 533 535 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 8.3 7.9 6.4 2.4 1.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.021 0.040 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) <0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) 0.044 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.48 ------

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 19, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name September 19 00065 Lake stage (ft) 2.52 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.29 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 5.2 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 11.0 15.0 33.0 38.0 42.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 20.2 20.0 11.7 7.2 6.8 6.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 8.4 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 506 506 523 526 529 530 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 8.7 4.8 3.6 1.2 0.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.019 0.036 0.053 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.014 0.032 0.045 00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 0.265 0.273 0.090 00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 0.059 0.169 00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.59 0.5 0.41 0.42 0.4 0.58

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2006 TO JUNE 12, 2007

11-20-06 04-16-07 06-12-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 W.T. D.O. 10 10 10

15 15 15

20 20 20

25 25 25

30 30 30

35 35 35 DEPTH, IN METERS 40 40 40

45 45 45 010 20 30 010 20 30 0 1020 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 678910 678910 0 0 0

5 5 5

10 10 10 15 pH 15 15 20 S.C. 20 20 25 25 25

30 30 30

35 35 35 DEPTH, IN METERS 40 40 40

45 45 45 450 475 500 525 550 450 475 500 525 550 450 475 500 525 550 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2007

07-18-07 08-22-07 09-19-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0 0 5 5 D.O. 5 10 10 W.T. 10

15 15 15

20 20 20

25 25 25

30 30 30

35 35 35 DEPTH, IN METERS 40 40 40

45 45 45 010 20 30 010 20 30 0 1020 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678 910 678910 678910 0 0 0

5 5 5

10 10 10

15 pH 15 S.C. 15 20 20 20

25 25 25

30 30 30

35 35 35 DEPTH, IN METERS 40 40 40

45 45 45 450 475 500 525 550 450 475 500 525 550 450 475 500 525 550 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

58 0.02

0.01 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, 0.00 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 9 10 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 50 Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus

TROPHIC STATE INDEX 20 Oligotrophic Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

10 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

59 434928088553601 GREEN LAKE AT COUNTY TRUNK HIGHWAY A NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49′28″, long 88°55′36″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE ¼ SE ¼ SE ¼ sec.27, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, on left bank at downstream side of County Trunk Highway A, 2.3 mi southeast of Green Lake. SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi²; Area of Green Lake, 7,346 acres. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1993 to current year. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 790.00 ft above sea level. REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.64 ft, Jun 17, 2004; minimum recorded, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5, 2005. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 6.82 ft, Apr. 4; minimum recorded gage height, 5.69 ft, Oct. 13.

60 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES [e, estimated] Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 5.93 5.94 6.08 6.21 6.15 6.18 6.75 6.64 6.52 6.27 6.14 6.42 2 5.94 5.92 6.10 6.21 6.14 6.22 6.75 6.64 6.53 6.27 6.13 6.40 3 5.95 5.90 6.09 6.21 6.13 6.25 6.75 6.63 6.54 6.30 6.11 6.40 4 5.96 5.89 6.07 6.21 6.12 6.24 6.77 6.63 6.58 6.36 6.09 6.40 5 5.98 5.89 6.05 6.22 6.11 6.24 6.74 6.63 6.57 6.36 6.13 6.39 6 5.98 5.89 6.05 6.23 6.11 6.24 6.73 6.63 6.56 6.35 6.14 6.39 7 5.97 5.89 6.04 6.22 6.11 6.25 6.72 6.62 6.56 6.35 6.16 6.43 8 5.96 5.89 6.02 6.23 6.10 6.25 6.70 6.61 6.54 6.34 6.15 6.45 9 5.94 5.89 6.01 6.24 6.10 6.25 6.69 e6.60 6.54 6.34 6.14 6.43 10 5.93 5.88 6.01 6.21 6.09 6.26 6.68 6.59 6.53 6.34 6.13 6.42 11 5.99 5.90 6.01 6.20 6.08 6.26 6.68 6.58 6.51 6.31 6.12 6.41 12 5.99 5.89 6.01 6.19 6.07 6.28 6.69 6.57 6.49 6.27 6.15 6.41 13 5.98 5.90 6.03 6.19 6.07 6.36 6.68 6.59 6.48 6.26 6.14 6.38 14 5.91 5.89 6.03 6.19 6.07 6.44 6.68 6.59 6.48 6.23 6.14 6.33 15 5.89 5.89 6.02 6.21 6.07 6.49 6.67 e6.59 6.47 6.22 6.14 6.32 16 5.88 5.89 6.02 6.21 6.06 6.52 6.66 e6.58 6.46 6.22 6.13 6.30 17 5.92 5.89 6.02 6.21 6.06 6.55 6.66 e6.58 6.46 6.21 6.10 6.29 18 5.94 5.89 6.03 6.20 6.05 6.56 6.65 6.58 6.47 6.21 6.09 6.28 19 5.95 5.89 6.02 6.20 6.05 6.58 6.65 6.57 6.48 6.19 6.21 6.27 20 5.94 5.88 6.02 6.17 6.05 6.59 6.64 6.55 6.47 6.17 6.29 6.27 21 5.94 5.88 6.03 6.18 6.05 6.60 6.64 6.55 6.46 6.15 e6.32 6.26 22 5.99 5.88 6.09 6.19 6.05 6.62 6.63 6.55 6.43 6.14 e6.36 6.28 23 5.99 5.87 6.16 6.19 6.04 6.62 6.63 e6.55 6.41 6.13 e6.40 6.28 24 5.97 5.87 6.15 6.18 6.09 6.63 6.63 e6.55 6.40 6.12 e6.40 6.27 25 5.97 5.87 6.15 6.17 6.14 6.65 6.63 e6.55 6.40 6.11 e6.42 6.30 26 5.96 5.88 6.16 6.17 6.16 6.66 6.63 e6.55 6.40 6.11 e6.41 6.31 27 5.96 5.92 6.16 6.17 6.17 6.65 6.63 e6.55 6.39 6.18 e6.40 6.29 28 5.97 6.03 6.16 6.17 6.16 6.68 6.63 e6.55 6.34 6.16 6.44 6.29 29 5.95 6.07 6.16 6.16 --- 6.68 6.62 e6.54 6.33 6.16 6.46 6.27 30 5.94 6.08 6.17 6.16 --- 6.68 6.61 e6.54 6.31 6.15 6.45 6.25 31 5.97 --- 6.19 6.15 --- 6.68 --- 6.53 --- 6.15 6.44 --- Mean 5.95 5.91 6.07 6.20 6.09 6.46 6.67 6.58 6.47 6.23 6.24 6.34 Max 5.99 6.08 6.19 6.24 6.17 6.68 6.77 6.64 6.58 6.36 6.46 6.45 Min 5.88 5.87 6.01 6.15 6.04 6.18 6.61 6.53 6.31 6.11 6.09 6.25

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°47'56", long 89°02'05", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.2, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about 5 miles southwest of the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Self-Help Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2006 TO JUNE 10, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Oct 1* Apr 24 May 10* May 21 May 30 Jun 10* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.93 6.63 6.59 6.55 6.54 6.53 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 7.83 ------00078 Secchi-depth (m) 5.8 3.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 2.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.1 0.5 66.0 -- 0.1 0.1 -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 15.6 4.4 3.9 -- 12.2 16.7 -- 00020 Air temperature (ºC) 15.6 ------18.9 25.6 -- 00400 pH (standard units) -- 8.5 8.3 ------00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- 506 510 ------00300 Dissolved oxygen -- 14.2 14.2 ------00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) -- 0.115 0.047 ------00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- 1.16 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- 0.196 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- <0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- 0.37 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- 0.57 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- <1.0 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- 5 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- 230 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- 34.2 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- 36 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- 20.1 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- 3.3 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- 181 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- 37.3 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- 0.363 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- <100 ------01049 Lead, dissolved (µg/L) -- <1 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- <0.5 ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- 280 ------62

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 11 TO AUGUST 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Jun 11 Jun 28* Jul 5* Jul 11 Jul 13* Jul 28* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.51 6.34 6.36 6.31 6.31 6.16 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.55 -- -- 3.04 -- -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 2.6 3.7 3.4 4.1 2.6 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 67.0 -- 0.1 0.5 67.0 -- -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 18.7 4.4 -- 23.3 24.0 4.6 -- -- 00020 Air temperature (ºC) ------29.4 ------00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 7.9 -- -- 8.8 7.6 -- -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 497 501 -- -- 498 531 -- -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.5 8.3 -- -- 10.4 6.5 -- -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.021 0.087 -- -- 0.016 0.153 -- --

Parameter Code Parameter Name Aug 3* Aug 6* Aug 10* Aug 16* Aug 21 Aug 30* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.11 6.14 6.13 6.13 6.32 6.45 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) ------12.8 -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 2.9 4.3 4.3 -- 4.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) ------0.5 15.0 67.0 -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) ------22.0 11.5 4.6 -- 00400 pH (standard units) ------8.8 7.8 7.3 -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) ------471 509 537 -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen ------8.6 3.4 0.1 -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) ------0.018 0.011 0.235 -- 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) ------<0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) ------<0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) ------<0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) ------0.53 ------

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 5 to 26, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Sept 5* Sept 8* Sept. 26 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.39 6.45 6.31 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- -- 8.01 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.7 4.9 5.1 00098 Sampling depth (m) -- -- 0.5 20.0 67.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) -- -- 18.9 8.8 4.7 00400 pH (standard units) -- -- 8.8 7.7 7.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- -- 480 512 558 00300 Dissolved oxygen -- -- 9.6 4.0 0.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) -- -- 0.016 0.011 0.239

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2007

04-24-07 06-11-07 07-11-07 08-21-07 09-26-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 10 10 10 W.T. 20 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40 D.O. 50 50 50 50 50

DEPTH, IN METERS 60 60 60 60 60

70 70 70 70 70 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 010 20 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 10 10 10 S.C. 20 pH 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40

50 50 50 50 50 DEPTH, IN METERS 60 60 60 60 60

70 70 70 70 70 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, 0.00 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2004 2005 2006 2007

1 USGS SELF HELP 2

6 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, SECCHI 7

8 2004 2005 2006 2007

70 Eutrophic

50 Mesotrophic

40 Oligotrophic

TROPHIC STATE INDEX INDEX STATE TROPHIC Total Phosphorus 30 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

20 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Green Lake, Deep Hole, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°57'00", in SE ¼ SE ¼ sec.28, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about one mile southeast of the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Self-Help Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2006 TO JULY 28, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Oct 1* Apr 24 May 10* May 21* May 30* Jun 10* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 5.93 6.63 6.59 6.55 6.54 6.53 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 10.3 ------00078 Secchi-depth (m) 5.3 2.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 3.0 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.1 0.5 33 -- 0.1 0.1 -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 15.6 6.3 4.6 -- 11.7 17.8 -- 00020 Air temperature (ºC) 15.6 ------18.9 25.6 -- 00400 pH (standard units) ------00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- 505 509 ------00300 Dissolved oxygen -- 15.7 15 ------00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) -- 0.041 0.046 ------

Parameter Code Parameter Name Jun 11 Jun 13* Jun 24* Jun 28* Jul 5 Jul 13* Jul 28* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.51 6.48 6.40 6.34 6.35 6.31 6.16 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.74 ------00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 5.3 7.9 6.1 3.5 3.8 3.7 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 32 ------0.1 -- -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 19.4 5.4 ------23.9 -- -- 00020 Air temperature (ºC) ------29.4 -- -- 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 8.2 ------00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 495 497 ------00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 10.8 ------00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.024 0.05 ------

67 434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 3 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Aug 3* Aug 6* Aug 10* Aug 16* Aug. 21 Aug 30* 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.11 6.14 6.13 6.13 6.32 6.45 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) ------17.5 -- 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.1 2.9 3.7 4.3 3.7 4.3 00098 Sampling depth (m) ------0.5 15 33 -- 00010 Water temperature (ºC) ------21.6 10.6 5.6 -- 00020 Air temperature (ºC) ------00400 pH (standard units) ------8.7 7.8 7.8 -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) ------474 510 513 -- 00300 Dissolved oxygen ------8.8 3.4 7.7 -- 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) ------0.02 0.013 0.081 --

Parameter Code Parameter Name Sept 5* Sept 8* Sept. 26 00065 Lake stage (ft) 6.39 6.45 6.31 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- -- 3.86 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.7 3.7 3.1 00098 Sampling depth (m) -- -- 0.5 16 33 00010 Water temperature (ºC) -- -- 19.9 10.1 5.7 00020 Air temperature (ºC) ------00400 pH (standard units) -- -- 8.8 7.7 7.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) -- -- 479 511 516 00300 Dissolved oxygen -- -- 9.8 2.2 4.9 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) -- -- 0.014 0.012 0.084

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2007

04-24-07 06-11-07 07-11-07 08-21-07 09-26-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 102 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 5 W.T. 10 10 10 10 10

15 15 15 15 15

20 20 20 20 20 D.O. 25 25 25 25 25

DEPTH, IN METERS 30 30 30 30 30

35 35 35 35 35 010 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910 678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 5 S.C. 10 10 10 10 10 pH 15 15 15 15 15

20 20 20 20 20

25 25 25 25 25 DEPTH, IN METERS 30 30 30 30 30

35 35 35 35 35 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

69 0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 USGS 1 SELF HELP 2

7 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 8

9 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

50 Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus Oligotrophic TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

20 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Green Lake, East End, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

70 455208089435800 KAWAGUESAGA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'08", long 89°43'58", in NE ¼ NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.15, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at Minocqua.

SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May to September 2003, April 2006 to September 2007 (discontinued).

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Apr. 18 Jun. 18 Jul. 18 Aug. 22 Sept. 20 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 1.91 2.91 10.5 16.9 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.7 4.6 2.8 2.1 1.8 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 10.0 0.5 10.0 0.5 10.0 0.5 10.0 0.5 10.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 5.5 5.1 23.5 12.0 23.5 12.6 20.2 13.3 16.4 16.0 00400 pH (standard units) 6.7 6.9 7.5 7.1 6.8 7.0 7.8 7.0 7.9 7.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 141 136 148 163 134 211 154 267 131 131 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.2 11.6 9.7 0.5 8.9 0.4 7.8 0.3 9.2 7.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.017 0.017 0.017 <0.005 0.027 0.100 0.019 0.075 0.020 0.027

71 455208089435800 KAWAGUESAGA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2007

04-18-07 06-18-07 07-18-07 08-22-07 09-20-07

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 010 20 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 W.T. 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 D.O. 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910 678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 S.C. 2 pH 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

4 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

50 Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus Oligotrophic TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

20 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Kawaguesaga Lake, Deep Hole, Near Minocqua, Wisconsin.

73 425715089164700 LAKE KEGONSA AT BARBER DRIVE NEAR STOUGHTON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57′15″, long 89°16′47″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW ¼ NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.26, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on downstream side of bridge on Barber Drive, 3.5 mi northwest of Stoughton. SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--386 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level (levels from Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark). EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 4.71 ft, May 23, 2004; minimum observed, 2.07 ft, Jan.27, 2006. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 4.14 ft, Aug. 27; minimum observed, 2.14 ft, Feb. 20.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 3.23 2.99 3.28 2.64 2.30 2.48 3.43 3.49 3.50 3.29 3.02 4.01 2 3.21 2.96 3.28 2.63 2.29 2.53 3.47 3.46 3.51 3.25 3.01 3.97 3 3.22 2.95 3.28 2.60 2.28 2.55 3.66 3.41 3.49 3.24 3.00 3.94 4 3.25 2.93 3.33 2.58 2.27 2.56 3.69 3.35 3.53 3.35 2.99 3.90 5 3.22 2.92 3.34 2.58 2.27 2.58 3.70 3.30 3.52 3.34 3.14 3.86 6 3.21 2.92 3.34 2.55 2.26 2.59 3.69 3.23 3.49 3.33 3.17 3.82 7 3.19 2.92 3.26 2.53 2.26 2.59 3.64 3.16 3.47 3.31 3.22 3.79 8 3.17 2.92 3.18 2.50 2.25 2.60 3.58 3.12 3.46 3.29 3.23 3.77 9 3.18 2.92 3.12 2.46 2.23 2.61 3.53 3.09 3.45 3.29 3.25 3.74 10 3.17 2.99 3.06 2.44 2.22 2.63 3.49 3.08 3.43 3.27 3.27 3.74 11 3.18 3.07 3.02 2.42 2.20 2.65 3.52 3.08 3.41 3.24 3.26 3.75 12 3.16 3.10 3.00 2.42 2.20 2.69 3.48 3.05 3.41 3.20 3.30 3.73 13 3.13 3.13 2.99 2.42 2.20 2.82 3.46 3.04 3.39 3.19 3.29 3.72 14 3.13 3.15 2.97 2.41 2.20 2.99 3.46 3.03 3.38 3.15 3.33 3.70 15 3.13 3.16 2.93 2.42 2.20 3.13 3.45 3.09 3.38 3.14 3.30 3.67 16 3.14 3.16 2.90 2.40 2.20 3.21 3.43 3.17 3.36 3.13 3.25 3.65 17 3.22 3.15 2.86 2.37 2.20 3.25 3.41 3.24 3.36 3.12 3.19 3.63 18 3.27 3.15 2.82 2.34 2.19 3.26 3.40 3.27 3.34 3.12 3.17 3.61 19 3.29 3.13 2.78 2.33 2.17 3.25 3.38 3.31 3.35 3.12 3.45 3.60 20 3.30 3.12 2.73 2.31 2.16 3.23 3.37 3.36 3.33 3.09 3.55 3.60 21 3.33 3.10 2.74 2.32 2.17 3.24 3.37 3.38 3.34 3.07 3.50 3.58 22 3.39 3.08 2.75 2.32 2.18 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.38 3.04 3.52 3.59 23 3.40 3.07 2.77 2.32 2.21 3.42 3.41 3.41 3.36 3.02 3.63 3.58 24 3.40 3.05 2.76 2.32 2.28 3.47 3.44 3.41 3.36 3.01 3.83 3.57 25 3.39 3.04 2.75 2.32 2.35 3.49 3.51 3.44 3.35 3.00 3.94 3.56 26 3.32 3.03 2.73 2.32 2.38 3.51 3.55 3.46 3.35 2.99 4.00 3.56 27 3.25 3.08 2.71 2.32 2.40 3.49 3.56 3.46 3.35 3.05 4.04 3.54 28 3.17 3.14 2.69 2.31 2.43 3.47 3.57 3.46 3.34 3.06 4.07 3.52 29 3.12 3.21 2.66 2.31 --- 3.43 3.55 3.47 3.32 3.04 4.08 3.50 30 3.07 3.26 2.64 2.31 --- 3.39 3.54 3.48 3.30 3.04 4.07 3.47 31 3.02 --- 2.65 2.31 --- 3.38 --- 3.48 --- 3.03 4.04 --- Mean 3.22 3.06 2.95 2.41 2.25 3.03 3.50 3.30 3.40 3.16 3.46 3.69 Max 3.40 3.26 3.34 2.64 2.43 3.51 3.70 3.49 3.53 3.35 4.08 4.01 Min 3.02 2.92 2.64 2.31 2.16 2.48 3.35 3.03 3.30 2.99 2.99 3.47

74 05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′27″, long 88°56′27″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.34, T.5 N., R.13 E., Jefferson County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi northeast of Newville. SURFACE AREA.—16.34 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 770.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation bench mark). REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 12.23 ft, Apr. 25, 1993; minimum recorded, 5.06 ft, Feb. 22, 2007. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 10.58 ft, Apr. 7; minimum recorded gage height, 5.06 ft, Feb. 22.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 6.18 7.43 7.09 7.52 5.69 5.37 9.59 8.72 6.31 6.14 6.12 10.42 2 6.18 7.38 7.18 7.47 5.67 5.52 9.63 8.66 6.34 6.11 6.15 10.35 3 6.34 7.29 7.25 7.43 5.65 5.71 9.85 8.58 6.35 6.14 6.17 10.26 4 6.58 7.22 7.27 7.42 5.63 5.89 10.14 8.50 6.44 6.36 6.17 10.15 5 6.73 7.13 7.26 7.41 5.61 6.04 10.32 8.42 6.42 6.37 6.34 10.02 6 6.86 7.05 7.24 7.38 5.58 6.06 10.47 8.31 6.38 6.32 6.35 9.87 7 6.96 6.95 7.21 7.33 5.54 6.00 10.54 8.24 6.42 6.26 6.38 9.72 8 7.04 6.85 7.15 7.30 5.51 5.94 10.56 8.18 6.50 6.25 6.33 9.56 9 7.10 6.79 7.11 7.27 5.47 5.90 10.55 8.10 6.48 6.27 6.29 9.38 10 7.08 6.78 7.06 7.14 5.43 5.89 10.51 8.00 6.47 6.25 6.29 9.23 11 7.13 6.80 7.00 7.04 5.39 5.91 10.49 7.90 6.45 6.23 6.26 9.10 12 7.11 6.78 6.96 6.99 5.37 6.00 10.46 7.76 6.41 6.19 6.30 8.89 13 7.08 6.84 6.96 6.94 5.33 6.29 10.38 7.63 6.34 6.14 6.26 8.68 14 7.06 6.90 6.99 6.88 5.30 6.80 10.31 7.52 6.33 6.18 6.26 8.52 15 7.01 6.94 7.02 6.86 5.27 7.36 10.22 7.45 6.33 6.20 6.25 8.31 16 6.97 6.99 7.03 6.83 5.24 7.84 10.11 7.38 6.31 6.21 6.24 8.13 17 7.05 6.99 7.03 6.80 5.20 8.21 10.01 7.29 6.28 6.19 6.21 7.95 18 7.10 7.02 7.00 6.73 5.18 8.47 9.89 7.18 6.26 6.17 6.20 7.76 19 7.19 7.03 6.95 6.66 5.15 8.66 9.76 7.09 6.34 6.17 6.77 7.60 20 7.24 7.01 6.89 6.59 5.12 8.81 9.63 6.98 6.27 6.12 7.21 7.43 21 7.29 6.96 6.86 6.52 5.08 8.94 9.48 6.86 6.26 6.12 7.50 7.27 22 7.40 6.93 6.86 6.43 5.08 9.16 9.32 6.70 6.27 6.12 7.86 7.15 23 7.43 6.90 6.96 6.33 5.15 9.31 9.22 6.56 6.25 6.13 8.36 7.01 24 7.49 6.86 7.06 6.22 5.27 9.43 9.10 6.45 6.25 6.13 8.84 6.88 25 7.54 6.79 7.19 6.11 5.41 9.52 9.00 6.38 6.24 6.13 9.32 6.82 26 7.56 6.73 7.30 6.01 5.40 9.61 8.92 6.37 6.24 6.16 9.72 6.78 27 7.59 6.72 7.38 5.91 5.37 9.65 8.87 6.39 6.29 6.25 10.00 6.70 28 7.62 6.71 7.44 5.83 5.35 9.64 8.84 6.34 6.26 6.21 10.23 6.63 29 7.58 6.80 7.48 5.76 --- 9.61 8.81 6.33 6.22 6.18 10.38 6.56 30 7.52 6.94 7.49 5.73 --- 9.58 8.77 6.33 6.18 6.15 10.45 6.50 31 7.49 --- 7.49 5.71 --- 9.55 --- 6.31 --- 6.13 10.45 --- Mean 7.11 6.95 7.13 6.73 5.37 7.63 9.79 7.38 6.33 6.19 7.41 8.32 Max 7.62 7.43 7.49 7.52 5.69 9.65 10.56 8.72 6.50 6.37 10.45 10.42 Min 6.18 6.71 6.86 5.71 5.08 5.37 8.77 6.31 6.18 6.11 6.12 6.50

75 432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'55", long 88°13'47", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.6 mi southwest of West Bend. SURFACE AREA.--0.38 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at center of northern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Feb. 28 April 19 June 14 July 19 August 22

32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- -- 4.18 13 10.6

00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 3.1 3.4 2.3 1.6

00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 6.5 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0

00010 Water temperature (ºC) 1.0 3.1 8.3 6.8 25.8 12.6 25.0 14.8 21.4 17.1

00400 pH (standard units) 7.9 7.6 8.4 8.3 8.7 7.7 8.8 7.4 8.0 7.0

00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 556 592 507 519 515 576 528 604 506 605

00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.8 7.1 13.2 12.1 10.8 0.4 10.0 0.3 7.0 0.3

00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.028 0.046 0.021 0.045 0.022 0.059

76 432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007

02-28-07 04-19-07 06-14-07 07-19-07 08-22-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 10 20 0 0 0 0 0

2 W.T. 2 2 2 2 D.O.

4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 DEPTH, IN METERS

8 8 8 8 8 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

2 pH 2 2 2 2

S.C. 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 DEPTH, IN METERS

8 8 8 8 8 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

77 0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

7 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 8

9 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

50 Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus Oligotrophic Chlorophyll a TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Secchi depth

20 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'49", long 88°13'45", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.8 mi southwest of West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--0.38 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in southern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Feb. 28 April 19 June 14 July 19 August 22 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 6.65 2.00 6.76 7.96 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 3.7 4.0 2.9 2.2 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 16.5 0.5 17.0 0.5 16.5 0.5 16.5 0.5 16.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 1.1 2.8 7.7 4.8 25.7 6.2 24.7 6.2 22.3 6.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.1 7.2 8.2 8.1 8.7 7.0 8.8 7.4 8.5 7.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 537 647 510 530 514 546 525 556 492 544 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.5 0.3 13.0 11.6 10.4 0.7 10.5 0.3 8.1 0.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.019 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.051 0.019 0.122 0.011 0.093 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- -- 0.004 ------0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.154 ------<0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.09 ------<0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- -- 0.6 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- -- 0.75 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- -- 1.1 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- -- 10 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- -- 220 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- -- 35.7 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- -- 32.6 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- -- 22 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- -- 1.7 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- -- 179 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- -- 48.5 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- -- 18.3 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- -- 0.554 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- -- <100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- -- <0.5 ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- -- 286 ------

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 28 TO AUGUST 22, 2007

02-28-07 04-19-07 06-14-07 07-19-07 08-22-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 W.T. 6 6 6 6 6

9 D.O. 9 9 9 9

12 12 12 12 12

DEPTH, IN METERS 15 15 15 15 15

18 18 18 18 18 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

3 S.C. 3 3 3 3

6 pH 6 6 6 6

9 9 9 9 9

12 12 12 12 12

DEPTH, IN METERS 15 15 15 15 15

18 18 18 18 18 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 450 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

80 0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

7 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 8

9 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Phosphorus 60 Chlorophyll a Eutrophic Secchi depth

Mesotrophic

TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Oligotrophic

20 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

81 05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05′42″, long 89°22′12″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in county boat house at dam at outlet, in Madison. SURFACE AREA.—15.2 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi² of which 36.6 mi² probably is noncontributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 1916 to January 1985 (incomplete), February 1985 to current year. REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, at datum 7.82 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 12.75 ft, June 5, 2000; minimum observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 to Mar. 10, 1920, current datum. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 11.89 ft, Aug. 27; minimum recorded, 8.30 ft, Dec. 5.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES [e, estimated] Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 10.33 9.89 9.05 9.08 9.04 9.06 10.08 10.08 9.57 9.74 9.60 11.64 2 10.32 9.84 9.00 9.05 9.03 9.07 10.10 10.06 9.61 9.72 9.59 11.59 3 10.33 9.77 8.95 9.04 9.03 9.09 10.29 10.03 9.67 9.72 9.57 11.55 4 10.37 9.72 8.82 9.04 9.03 9.10 10.41 10.00 9.91 9.79 9.55 11.50 5 10.37 9.68 8.68 9.06 e9.02 9.10 10.38 9.99 9.95 9.82 9.69 11.45 6 10.36 9.65 8.82 9.06 e9.02 9.10 10.36 9.95 9.93 9.82 9.74 11.41 7 10.34 9.62 8.82 9.06 e9.01 9.10 10.33 9.93 9.93 9.81 9.81 11.41 8 10.33 9.59 8.80 9.06 e9.01 9.10 10.28 9.92 9.95 9.80 9.82 11.36 9 10.33 9.55 8.80 9.08 e9.01 9.11 10.25 9.90 9.92 9.80 9.88 11.31 10 10.31 9.54 8.80 9.03 e8.99 9.11 10.22 9.89 9.91 9.81 9.90 11.28 11 10.35 9.54 8.81 9.03 e8.99 9.11 10.24 9.87 9.90 9.78 9.89 11.29 12 10.30 9.49 8.83 9.04 e8.99 9.12 10.25 9.83 9.90 9.75 9.94 11.21 13 10.26 9.46 8.85 9.03 e8.99 9.16 10.21 9.81 9.89 9.71 9.93 11.14 14 10.23 9.42 8.86 9.03 e8.99 9.30 10.19 9.81 9.88 9.70 10.0 11.10 15 10.19 9.39 8.86 9.05 e8.98 9.51 10.16 9.83 9.87 9.68 10.05 11.01 16 10.17 9.36 8.86 9.04 e8.98 9.61 10.13 9.84 9.87 9.67 10.08 10.95 17 10.24 9.31 8.86 9.04 e8.97 9.66 10.09 9.81 9.85 9.67 10.06 10.89 18 10.26 9.27 8.86 9.04 e8.96 9.70 10.06 9.79 9.85 9.67 10.05 10.85 19 10.26 9.23 8.85 9.03 e8.96 9.74 10.02 9.75 9.88 9.67 10.45 10.82 20 10.23 9.18 8.85 9.02 e8.95 9.77 9.98 9.72 9.84 9.64 10.84 10.77 21 10.24 9.13 8.90 9.03 e8.95 9.79 9.95 9.69 9.83 9.62 11.07 10.74 22 10.30 9.09 8.98 9.04 e8.96 9.91 9.92 9.67 9.84 9.60 11.20 10.74 23 10.28 9.06 9.02 9.04 e8.96 9.98 9.97 9.64 9.83 9.58 11.43 10.70 24 10.26 9.02 9.01 9.04 e9.00 10.0 9.98 9.64 9.83 9.57 11.70 10.66 25 10.21 8.99 9.03 9.04 9.03 10.01 10.03 9.65 9.83 9.56 11.80 10.64 26 10.17 8.95 9.02 9.04 9.03 10.02 10.07 9.63 9.82 9.56 11.79 10.60 27 10.14 8.95 9.01 9.03 9.04 10.01 10.11 9.63 9.83 9.63 11.78 10.56 28 10.11 9.01 9.01 9.03 9.04 9.99 10.11 9.60 9.80 9.62 11.78 10.51 29 10.04 9.06 9.01 9.03 --- 9.98 10.09 9.60 9.78 9.61 11.78 10.47 30 9.99 9.07 9.01 9.03 --- 9.96 10.07 9.59 9.77 9.61 11.73 10.44 31 9.96 --- 9.03 9.03 --- 9.97 --- 9.58 --- 9.61 11.69 --- Mean 10.24 9.36 8.91 9.04 9.00 9.52 10.14 9.80 9.84 9.69 10.52 11.02 Max 10.37 9.89 9.05 9.08 9.04 10.02 10.41 10.08 9.95 9.82 11.80 11.64 Min 9.96 8.95 8.68 9.02 8.95 9.06 9.92 9.58 9.57 9.56 9.55 10.44

430251088284700 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE, AT GENESEE LAKE ROAD, NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°02'51", long 88°28'47", in SW ¼ SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.22, T. 7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at the southwest side of the lake about 2 miles south of Oconomowoc. SURFACE AREA.--0.17 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--Unknown. PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1996 to current year. GAGE.--Staff gage. Local observer, Tom Schubring provided most readings of gage. Datum of gage is about 0.0 ft above NGVD of 1929. EXTREMES FOR THE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 867.21 ft, Apr. 16, 2007; minimum observed, 863.88 ft, Oct. 31, 2005. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 867.21 ft, Apr. 16; minimum observed, 865.93 ft, Oct. 17.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft

October 3 865.95 July 8 866.48

8 865.95 11 866.40

17 865.93 15 866.34

23 866.01 21 866.20

29 865.99 25 866.10

April 16 867.21 27 866.20

20 867.20 August 5 866.14

May 6 867.20 11 866.24

18 867.14 19 866.40

23 867.04 21 866.50

25 867.00 25 866.94

June 5 867.00 September 4 866.92

7 866.96 11 866.94

13 866.84 16 866.82

27 866.66 26 866.82

July 2 866.54

83 455214089412800 MINOCQUA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'14", long 89°41'28", in SE ¼ SW ¼ NW ¼ sec.13, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at Minocqua.

SURFACE AREA.--2.12 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May to September 2003, April 2006 to September 2007 (discontinued).

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Apr. 25 Jun. 18 Jul. 18 Aug. 22 Sept. 20 00065 Lake stage (ft) 1584.67 1584.61 1584.59 1584.23 1584.05 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 5.60 1.77 3.51 5.55 10.2 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.7 4.9 3.4 -- -- 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 15.0 0.5 15.0 0.5 14.0 0.5 10.0 15.0 0.5 12.0 15.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 8.3 5.4 23.1 7.8 23.9 8.2 20.2 12.6 8.1 16.2 9.8 8.5 00400 pH (standard units) 7.8 7.3 8.3 7.2 8.2 7.1 7.7 7.1 6.9 7.9 7.2 7.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 125 134 131 154 128 160 134 134 195 132 174 198 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.2 7.5 10.0 0.4 8.9 0.4 7.9 0.4 0.1 9.3 0.6 0.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.021 0.024 0.010 0.178 0.012 0.200 0.013 0.023 0.417 0.015 0.133 0.465

84 455214089412800 MINOCQUA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2007

04-25-07 06-18-07 07-18-07 08-22-07 09-20-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 10 20 0 0 0 0 0

3 W.T. 3 3 3 3

6 6 6 6 6 D.O.

9 9 9 9 9

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERSDEPTH,

15 15 15 15 15 0 10 20 300 10 20 30 0 10 20 300 1020 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

S.C. 3 3 3 pH 3 3

6 6 6 6 6

9 9 9 9 9

12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS 12 12 12

15 15 15 15 15 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

85 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

4 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

Mesotrophic 40

Total Phosphorus Oligotrophic TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

20 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Minocqua Lake, Deep Hole, at Minocqua, Wisconsin.

86 455232089424100 MINOCQUA LAKE, NORTH BAY, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'32", long 89°42'41", in NE ¼ NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.14, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at Minocqua.

SURFACE AREA.--2.12 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May to September 2003, April 2006 to September 2007 (discontinued).

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the north bay. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Apr. 18 Jun. 18 Jul. 18 Aug. 22 Sept. 20 00065 Lake stage (ft) 1584.67 1584.61 1584.59 1584.23 1584.05 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 1.73 4.31 15.1 18.6 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.4 4.7 2.7 2.2 1.8 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 8.0 0.5 9.0 0.5 8.0 0.5 8.0 0.5 8.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 5.8 5.4 23.4 11.7 24.5 15.7 20.0 18.9 16.3 15.9 00400 pH (standard units) 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.3 8.2 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.8 7.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 147 145 143 190 139 174 150 159 143 144 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.3 12.1 10.8 1.2 8.8 0.5 7.5 2.8 8.7 5.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.029 0.026 0.013 0.076 0.013 0.098 0.025 0.216 0.028 0.058

455232089424100 MINOCQUA LAKE, NORTH BAY, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2007

04-18-07 06-18-07 07-18-07 08-22-07 09-20-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 10 20

0 0 0 0 0

2 W.T. 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 D.O.

8 8 8 8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS

10 10 10 10 10 0 10 20 300 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 300 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910 678910 678910 678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

2 pH 2 2 2 2 S.C.

4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6

8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS 8 8 8

10 10 10 10 10 100 125 150 175 200 100 125 150 175 200 100 125 150 175 200 100 125 150 175 200 100 125 150 175 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

88 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

4 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

50 Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus Oligotrophic TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

20 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Minocqua Lake, North Bay, at Minocqua, Wisconsin.

89 05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03′48″, long 89°23′49″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE ¼ SW ¼ sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in Brittingham Park, in Madison. SURFACE AREA.--5.3 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi² of which 36.6 mi² probably is noncontributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in reports of Wisconsin Railroad Commission, volume 19. REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, datum 3.61 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock at outlet of Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.48 ft, June 14, 15, 2000; minimum observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 20, 1965, current datum. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.43 ft, Aug. 27; minimum recorded, 4.04 ft, Feb. 22 and 23.

90 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES [e, estimated] Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 5.33 5.16 5.31 4.34 e4.07 4.21 5.05 5.29 4.90 4.88 4.90 7.26 2 5.31 5.14 5.29 4.32 e4.07 4.24 5.07 5.25 4.93 4.86 4.89 7.23 3 5.29 5.14 5.26 4.30 e4.06 4.22 5.33 5.21 4.97 4.85 4.88 7.20 4 5.29 5.15 5.23 4.29 e4.07 4.20 5.37 5.16 5.19 4.97 4.89 7.16 5 5.26 5.16 5.20 4.28 e4.07 4.19 5.34 5.13 5.25 4.97 5.09 7.13 6 5.22 5.16 5.16 4.25 e4.08 4.17 5.30 5.09 5.22 4.95 5.12 7.09 7 5.18 5.16 5.04 4.23 e4.07 4.16 5.27 5.04 5.20 4.96 5.21 7.06 8 5.14 5.17 4.99 4.21 e4.08 4.15 5.26 5.01 5.16 4.96 5.23 7.03 9 5.11 5.17 4.93 4.17 e4.09 4.15 5.25 4.99 5.12 4.97 5.30 6.99 10 5.06 5.21 4.86 4.16 e4.07 4.18 5.24 4.96 5.09 4.94 5.30 6.99 11 5.07 5.27 4.80 4.16 e4.07 4.19 5.29 4.96 5.06 4.89 5.28 6.98 12 5.02 5.27 4.74 4.15 e4.06 4.21 5.26 4.94 5.04 4.86 5.31 6.93 13 4.97 5.28 4.67 4.13 e4.06 4.26 5.26 4.96 5.02 4.85 5.30 6.89 14 4.95 5.28 4.62 4.12 e4.06 4.36 5.28 4.95 5.01 4.82 5.36 6.82 15 4.93 5.27 4.57 4.13 e4.06 4.45 5.28 4.99 5.00 4.82 5.40 6.77 16 4.93 5.24 4.54 4.13 e4.06 4.47 5.27 5.03 4.98 4.82 5.41 6.74 17 5.01 5.22 4.50 4.13 e4.05 4.47 5.27 5.03 4.97 4.82 5.40 6.71 18 5.02 5.21 4.46 4.14 e4.05 4.46 5.25 5.03 4.97 4.82 5.45 6.67 19 5.01 5.19 4.43 4.14 e4.05 4.45 5.25 5.02 4.96 4.82 5.92 6.63 20 5.00 5.18 4.40 4.14 e4.05 4.43 5.24 5.04 4.94 4.81 6.23 6.60 21 5.00 5.17 4.45 4.14 e4.05 4.44 5.22 5.03 4.94 4.82 6.38 6.56 22 5.02 5.16 4.49 4.14 4.04 4.59 5.21 5.02 4.99 4.82 6.55 6.57 23 5.00 5.15 4.49 4.14 4.04 4.67 5.25 5.01 4.98 4.82 6.84 6.54 24 4.99 5.14 4.49 4.13 4.10 4.72 5.26 5.00 4.97 4.82 7.12 6.50 25 5.04 5.13 4.47 4.12 4.18 4.75 5.33 5.00 4.96 4.82 7.30 6.48 26 5.10 5.12 4.44 4.12 4.19 4.79 5.37 4.99 4.96 4.83 7.33 6.46 27 5.13 5.16 4.42 4.11 4.19 4.84 5.39 4.95 4.95 4.92 7.38 6.42 28 5.13 5.28 4.40 4.10 4.19 4.87 5.37 4.95 4.93 4.93 7.40 6.38 29 5.15 5.33 4.37 4.10 --- 4.88 5.33 4.93 4.90 4.92 7.37 6.32 30 5.17 5.33 4.35 4.09 --- 4.89 5.33 4.92 4.89 4.92 7.34 6.23 31 5.16 --- 4.36 e4.07 --- 4.93 --- 4.90 --- 4.91 7.30 --- Mean 5.10 5.20 4.70 4.17 4.08 4.45 5.27 5.03 5.01 4.88 5.94 6.78 Max 5.33 5.33 5.31 4.34 4.19 4.93 5.39 5.29 5.25 4.97 7.40 7.26 Min 4.93 5.12 4.35 4.07 4.04 4.15 5.05 4.90 4.89 4.81 4.88 6.23

91 430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc. SURFACE AREA.--1.20 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 27 TO SEPTEMBER 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 27 April 18 June 13 July 3 July 18 August 23 Sept. 5 00065 Lake stage (ft) -- -- 8.21 ------32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 1.13 2.03 3.36 3.39 2.83 2.79 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 7.0 5.8 2.0 1.6 4.8 3.8 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 18.0 0.5 18.0 0.5 18.0 0.5 0.5 18.0 0.5 18.0 0.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 0.9 2.8 6.5 6.0 24.9 6.9 23.8 24.8 6.8 22.6 7.0 25.2 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 7.6 -- -- 8.7 7.8 8.6 8.6 7.5 8.2 7.3 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 569 638 582 588 571 605 578 561 598 533 585 533 00300 Dissolved oxygen 13.4 7.3 12.5 12.2 10.8 6.3 9.3 9.9 0.4 8.5 0.4 8.4 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.010 0.007 0.014 0.014 0.026 0.019 0.012 0.016 0.020 <0 .005 0.023 0.014 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- -- 0.005 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.274 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.019 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- -- 0.45 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- -- 0.72 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- -- 0.9 ------00080 Color, filtered (PTU) ------8 ------5 00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- -- 10 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- -- 250 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- -- 45.2 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- -- 33.5 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- -- 19.4 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- -- 2.1 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- -- 204 ------189 ------173 00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- -- 47.1 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- -- 30 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- -- 5.18 ------4.2 ------8.04 01046 Iron (µg/L) -- -- <100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- -- <0 .5 ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- -- 318 ------92

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 27 TO JUNE 13, 2007

02-27-07 04-18-07 06-13-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0 01 02 0

4 W.T. 4

8 8

12 12

D.O. 12

DEPTH, IN METERS 16

20 20

20 0 1020 30 0 1020 30

0 10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

6 78 910 678910 678910 0

0 0

S.C. 4

4 4

8 pH

8 8

12 12

16 16 DEPTH, IN METERS

20 20

500 550 600 650 500 550 600 650 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

93 430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 3 TO AUGUST 23, 2007

07-03-07 07-18-07 08-23-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0

01 02 0

0 0

4 D.O. 4

W.T.

8 8

12 12

DEPTH, IN METERS 16

20 20

20 0 1020 30 0 1020 30

0 10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

6 78 910

6 78 910 67 8910

0 0

S.C. pH 4

4 4

8 8

12 12

16 16 DEPTH, IN METERS

20 20

500 550 600 650

500 550 600 650 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER 1 CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 9 10 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Phosphorus Chlorophyll a Eutrophic 60 Secchi depth Mesotrophic

TROPHIC STATE INDEX STATE TROPHIC 30 Oligotrophic

20 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Center Site, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. (Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

95 430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.1, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc. SURFACE AREA.—1.20 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 27 TO AUGUST 23, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 27 April 18 June 13 July 18 August 23

00065 Lake stage (ft) -- -- 8.21 -- --

32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- -- 0.47 3.18 2.51

00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 6.0 5.4 2.2 4.6

00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 14.0 0.5 14.0 0.5 14.5 0.5 14.5 0.5 14.5

00010 Water temperature (ºC) 1.1 3.2 7.0 5.5 24.6 7.1 25.4 7.5 22.8 7.8

00400 pH (standard units) 8.1 7.5 -- -- 8.4 8.0 8.4 7.5 8.4 7.5

00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 618 659 625 624 608 647 613 642 573 645

00300 Dissolved oxygen 13.2 5.8 12.5 12.2 9.3 6.2 9.5 1.4 8.5 0.4

00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.021 0.020 0.010 0.014 0.009 0.013

96 430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 27 TO AUGUST 23, 2007

02-27-07 04-18-07 06-13-07 07-18-07 08-23-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 4 4 4 W.T.

8 8 8 8 8 D.O.

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS

16 16 16 16 16 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 300 1020 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 678910678910 678910678910 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 S.C. 4 4 4

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS

16 16 16 16 16 500 550 600 650 700 500 550 600 650 700 500 550 600 650 700 500 550 600 650 700 500 550 600 650 700 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 9 10 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Phosphorus Chlorophyll a Eutrophic 60 Secchi depth Mesotrophic

TROPHIC STATE INDEX STATE TROPHIC 30 Oligotrophic

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'05", long 88°20'40", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.11, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 3.3 mi south of Mukwonago. 2

SURFACE AREA.--0.25 mi .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1993 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 27 TO AUGUST 13, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 27 April 16 June 13 July 18 July 30 August 13 00065 Lake stage (ft) -- -- 8.34 ------32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 13.7 3.17 10.8 8.63 9.22 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 1.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.5 6.5 0.5 6.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 1.8 4.0 7.2 6.4 25.9 19.8 25.5 19.2 26.6 21.1 27.2 21.4 00400 pH (standard units) 7.7 7.2 8.2 8.0 8.8 7.4 8.6 6.7 8.7 6.9 8.6 6.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 489 608 458 470 456 516 475 612 447 559 445 573 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.0 4.7 13.4 12.2 11.1 0.2 9.1 0.1 9.2 0.2 8.9 0.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.038 0.025 0.024 0.032 0.039 0.089 0.036 0.086 0.029 0.086 0.028 0.081 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- -- 0.012 ------0.009 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.137 ------<0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- -- <0.015 ------<0.015 ------00623 Ammonia + org-N, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.70 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- -- 0.72 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- -- 0.86 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- -- 5.5 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- -- 10 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- -- 180 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- -- 39 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- -- 20.1 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- -- 21.6 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- -- 2.2 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- -- 156 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- -- 49.3 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- -- 6.8 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- -- 3.8 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- -- <100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- -- M ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- -- 262 ------

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 27 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name August 27 September 14 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 9.94 6.67 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.2 1.2 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 7.0 0.5 6.5 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.7 20.9 19.9 19.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 7.0 8.6 8.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 434 518 461 461 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.8 0.3 9.2 9.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) -- 0.084 0.029 0.027

100

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 27 TO JULY 18, 2007

02-27-07 04-16-07 06-13-07 07-18-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 W.T. D.O.

4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 DEPTH, INDEPTH, METERS

8 8 8 8 0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

678910 678910 678910 678910 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 pH S.C.

6 6 6 6 DEPTH, IN METERS

8 8 8 8 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

101

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 30 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2007

07-30-07 08-13-07 08-27-07 09-14-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0 0 0

2 D.O. 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 W.T.

6 6 6 6 DEPTH, INDEPTH, METERS

8 8 8 8

0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910 678910 678910 678910 0 0 0 0

2 S.C. pH 2 2 2

4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 DEPTH, IN METERS

8 8 8 8 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 400 450 500 550 600 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

102 0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 30

5 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

4 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60

Mesotrophic

Total Phosphorus

TROPHICINDEX STATE 30 Chlorophyll a Oligotrophic Secchi depth

20 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Potter Lake, near Mukwonago, Wisconsin.

103

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.13, T.1 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Powers Lake. SURFACE AREA.—0.72 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 13 TO AUGUST 21, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name June 13 July 18 August 21 00065 Lake stage (ft) 10.46 -- -- 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.02 3.58 6.59 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.8 3.1 2.6 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 9.5 0.5 9.5 0.5 10.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 23.7 16.1 24.9 24.7 23.3 17.6 00400 pH (standard units) 8.5 7.6 8.8 8.6 8.3 7.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 526 544 529 530 500 560 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.7 0.6 8.5 8.5 7.3 0.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.022 0.022 0.026 0.028 0.019 0.038 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- -- <0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- -- <0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- -- <0.015 ------00623 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) 0.65

104

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 13 TO AUGUST 21, 2007

06-13-07 07-18-07 08-21-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0

0 0 0

2 2 2 W.T.

4 4 4 D.O.

6 6 6

8 8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS

10 10 10

0 1020 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

67 8910

6 78 910 67 8910

0 0

S.C. pH 2

2 2

4 4

6 6

8 8 DEPTH, IN METERS

10 10

450 500 550 600

450 500 550 600 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

105 0.07

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0.01

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

6 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI 7

8 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 70

Total Phosphorus 60 Chlorophyll a Eutrophic Mesotrophic Secchi depth

30 TROPHIC STATE INDEX INDEX STATE TROPHIC Oligotrophic

20 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Powers Lake, at Powers Lake, Wisconsin. (Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

106

434515089124000 PUCKAWAY LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°45'15", long 89°12'40", in SE ¼ SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.31, T.15 N., R.11 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, near Marquette. SURFACE AREA.--7.87 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--748 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in West Basin. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 13, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name April 24 June 13 July 24 September 13

00065 Lake stage (ft) -- 4.01 -- --

32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 54.9 63.8 51.6 30.8

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8

00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.5

00010 Water temperature (ºC) 16.2 23.8 23.8 25.0 16.7

00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.8 8.5

00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 393 376 372 350 417

00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.4 8.2 8.0 9.3 8.9

00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.085 0.140 0.155 0.121 0.104

107

434515089124000 PUCKAWAY LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 13, 2007

04-24-07 06-21-07 07-24-07 09-13-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 D.O. 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 W.T. 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

DEPTH, INDEPTH, METERS 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

678910 678910 678910 678910 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 pH 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 S.C.

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

DEPTH, IN METERS 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

108 0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2005 2006 2007

300

250

200

150

100

50 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2005 2006 2007

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

1.0 2005 2006 2007

60 Total Phosphorus Chlorophyll a Eutrophic Secchi depth

TROPHICINDEX STATE 50 Mesotrophic

40 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, West Basin, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

109

43454208907300 PUCKAWAY LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°45'42", long 89°07'30", in NW ¼ NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.19, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, near Marquette. SURFACE AREA.--7.87 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--748 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the east basin. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name April 24 June 21 July 24 September 13

32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 51.3 57.2 70.3 47.9

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5

00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.5

00010 Water temperature (ºC) 17.0 23.2 23.2 25.2 16.0

00400 pH (standard units) 8.8 8.3 8.3 8.8 8.8

00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 380 402 403 345 377

00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.2 8.0 8.0 8.8 9.9

00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.101 0.108 0.115 0.143 0.119

110

43454208907300 PUCKAWAY LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 13, 2007

04-24-07 06-21-07 07-24-07 09-13-07

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

W.T. D.O.

DEPTH, INDEPTH, METERS 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 1020 30 40 0 10 2030 40 0 1020 30 40 0 1020 30 40 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

678910 678910 678910 678910 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

S.C. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

0.6 pH 0.6 0.6 0.6

DEPTH, IN METERS 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

111 0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2005 2006 2007

300

250

200

150

100

50 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 0 2005 2006 2007

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

1.0 2005 2006 2007

100

Eutrophic 80

Total Phosphorus 60 Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

TROPHICINDEX STATE 50 Mesotrophic 40 2005 2006 2007

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, East Basin, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

112

434824089083200 PUCKAWAY LAKE, RIVER SITE, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI LOCATION.--Lat 43°48'24", long 89°08'32", in NW ¼ SE ¼ SW ¼ sec.1, T.15 N., R.11 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, near Marquette. SURFACE AREA.--7.87 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--748 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.-- Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 24 June 21 July 24 September 13

32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 54.0 45.3 57.3 42.3

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.55

00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 2.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.5

00010 Water temperature (ºC) 16.0 16.0 24.0 24.0 26.9 25.0 16.0

00400 pH (standard units) 8.8 8.8 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.1 8.8

00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 372 372 405 405 347 358 380

00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.0 9.8 7.7 7.4 8.6 3.1 9.9

00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.099 0.106 0.103 0.123 0.146 0.164 0.116

113

434824089083200 PUCKAWAY LAKE, RIVER SITE, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 24 TO SEPTEMBER 13, 2007

04-24-07 06-21-07 07-24-07 09-13-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 01 02 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D.O. 1.5 W.T. 1.5 1.5 1.5

DEPTH, INDEPTH, METERS 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

0 10 20 30 0 1020 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

678910 678910 678910 678910 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

S.C. pH 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

DEPTH, IN METERS 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

114 0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 0.00 2005 2006 2007 300

250

200

150

100

50 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER 0 CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, 2005 2006 2007

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

1.0 2005 2006 2007

Eutrophic 60 Total Phosphorus Chlorophyll a Secchi depth

TROPHICINDEX STATE 50

Mesotrophic

40 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, River Site, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

115 05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI LOCATION.--Lat 43°00′32″, long 89°18′19″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.3, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on left bank just upstream from bridge on U.S. Highway 51, downstream of dam at outlet of Lake Waubesa and 1.0 mi southwest of McFarland. SURFACE AREA.--3.25 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--327 mi² of which 36.6 mi² probably is noncontributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 805, WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (levels by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dams at outlets of Lake Mendota and Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 6.30 ft, June 12, 2004; minimum observed, 3.50 ft, Feb.14, 2006, current datum. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 6.95 ft, Aug. 28-29; minimum recorded, 3.80 ft, Feb.22 and 23.

116 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 5.10 4.72 4.97 4.14 3.84 3.99 4.73 4.96 4.71 4.83 4.88 6.83 2 5.06 4.72 4.94 4.12 3.83 4.01 4.79 4.92 4.78 4.82 4.88 6.78 3 5.04 4.71 4.91 4.09 3.84 4.01 4.97 4.87 4.83 4.82 4.87 6.74 4 5.04 4.71 4.87 4.06 3.85 4.00 5.08 4.83 4.97 4.91 4.86 6.70 5 5.01 4.70 4.82 4.06 3.85 3.98 5.06 4.79 5.00 4.94 5.03 6.65 6 4.97 4.70 4.79 4.06 3.84 3.97 5.01 4.73 4.96 4.93 5.06 6.60 7 4.91 4.71 4.80 4.03 3.84 3.95 4.96 4.70 4.91 4.92 5.15 6.57 8 4.87 4.71 4.71 4.03 3.84 3.94 4.91 4.69 4.92 4.91 5.12 6.53 9 4.83 4.72 4.65 4.02 3.84 3.94 4.89 4.68 4.90 4.90 5.15 6.48 10 4.79 4.76 4.60 3.99 3.84 3.96 4.84 4.68 4.88 4.90 5.18 6.46 11 4.80 4.86 4.55 3.95 3.83 3.97 4.86 4.70 4.86 4.90 5.15 6.47 12 4.77 4.86 4.51 3.95 3.83 4.04 4.90 4.71 4.86 4.87 5.17 6.40 13 4.72 4.85 4.46 3.94 3.83 4.18 4.90 4.71 4.85 4.83 5.16 6.34 14 4.67 4.85 4.41 3.93 3.84 4.28 4.92 4.72 4.85 4.82 5.25 6.29 15 4.63 4.85 4.37 3.89 3.84 4.32 4.91 4.76 4.85 4.80 5.28 6.23 16 4.59 4.85 4.32 3.97 3.84 4.31 4.91 4.82 4.86 4.78 5.29 6.17 17 4.67 4.84 4.28 3.96 3.83 4.29 4.93 4.84 4.87 4.78 5.27 6.13 18 4.70 4.82 4.25 3.94 3.83 4.27 4.93 4.82 4.86 4.79 5.27 6.09 19 4.70 4.81 4.21 3.94 3.83 4.25 4.93 4.81 4.88 4.80 5.63 6.06 20 4.67 4.79 4.18 3.93 3.83 4.24 4.92 4.81 4.86 4.79 5.89 6.03 21 4.65 4.77 4.19 3.93 3.83 4.24 4.92 4.80 4.85 4.78 6.00 5.99 22 4.71 4.75 4.24 3.93 3.81 4.43 4.89 4.78 4.87 4.78 6.16 5.98 23 4.69 4.75 4.29 3.93 3.80 4.49 4.95 4.76 4.86 4.78 6.41 5.95 24 4.66 4.74 4.27 3.89 3.87 4.50 4.97 4.75 4.86 4.79 6.70 5.92 25 4.65 4.73 4.25 3.86 3.95 4.51 5.02 4.79 4.85 4.79 6.85 5.90 26 4.65 4.73 4.23 3.86 3.98 4.53 5.06 4.78 4.85 4.79 6.89 5.89 27 4.68 4.77 4.20 3.85 3.98 4.55 5.09 4.79 4.85 4.88 6.92 5.85 28 4.70 4.89 4.17 3.86 3.99 4.57 5.07 4.76 4.84 4.90 6.94 5.82 29 4.70 4.94 4.15 3.85 --- 4.59 5.03 4.74 4.85 4.89 6.94 5.77 30 4.70 4.97 4.13 3.85 --- 4.60 4.99 4.72 4.85 4.89 6.92 5.72 31 4.72 --- 4.12 3.85 --- 4.62 --- 4.70 --- 4.89 6.87 --- Mean 4.78 4.79 4.45 3.96 3.86 4.24 4.94 4.77 4.87 4.85 5.71 6.24 Max 5.10 4.97 4.97 4.14 3.99 4.62 5.09 4.96 5.00 4.94 6.94 6.83 Min 4.59 4.70 4.12 3.85 3.80 3.94 4.73 4.68 4.71 4.78 4.86 5.72

117 424848088083100 WIND LAKE AT OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48′48″, long 88°08′31″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE ¼ NW ¼ sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--39.6 mi². PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1985 to current year. Prior to October 2000, published as "Wind Lake Outlet". REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m). REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Dec. 3 to Mar. 14. Prior to October 1987, published as Wind Lake at Wind Lake, Wis. Gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 9.04 ft, Aug. 25, 2007; minimum recorded, 5.95 ft, Jan. 2, 1996. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 9.04 ft, Aug. 25; minimum recorded, 7.79 ft, Aug. 4.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 8.30 8.27 8.30 8.08 8.26 8.16 8.07 8.31 8.27 8.12 7.86 8.20 2 8.29 8.24 8.25 8.07 8.29 8.16 8.11 8.18 8.30 8.10 7.84 8.08 3 8.27 8.22 8.18 8.22 8.31 8.16 8.23 8.25 8.26 8.08 7.82 8.15 4 8.14 8.26 8.14 8.33 8.32 8.14 8.19 8.28 8.29 8.11 7.80 8.33 5 8.14 8.28 8.22 8.28 8.33 8.12 8.09 8.28 8.25 8.10 7.95 8.39 6 8.19 8.24 8.34 8.15 8.34 8.10 8.07 8.24 8.20 8.08 7.96 8.26 7 8.22 8.22 8.33 8.10 8.32 8.09 8.11 8.24 8.20 8.06 8.00 8.18 8 8.24 8.23 8.22 8.14 8.21 8.11 8.17 8.27 8.27 8.04 8.01 8.21 9 8.27 8.27 8.10 8.25 8.14 8.16 8.23 8.30 8.27 8.05 8.00 8.24 10 8.25 8.31 8.10 8.29 8.13 8.20 8.25 8.27 8.30 8.06 7.99 8.28 11 8.24 8.29 8.18 8.31 8.14 8.21 8.25 8.22 8.30 8.05 7.97 8.29 12 8.19 8.19 8.26 8.24 8.16 8.23 8.27 8.20 8.28 8.01 7.98 8.21 13 8.18 8.22 8.26 8.18 8.17 8.25 8.22 8.20 8.24 7.98 7.97 8.17 14 8.20 8.26 8.22 8.19 8.18 8.19 8.22 8.19 8.25 7.96 7.97 8.19 15 8.21 8.27 8.22 8.27 8.19 8.14 8.23 8.22 8.24 7.94 7.97 8.18 16 8.23 8.27 8.22 8.31 8.20 8.10 8.22 8.29 8.24 7.93 7.97 8.18 17 8.30 8.20 8.29 8.34 8.21 8.11 8.19 8.24 8.24 7.97 7.95 8.18 18 8.29 8.24 8.28 8.33 8.22 8.16 8.17 8.20 8.23 7.97 7.95 8.18 19 8.26 8.28 8.19 8.22 8.23 8.21 8.24 8.21 8.30 7.96 8.30 8.19 20 8.22 8.28 8.19 8.16 8.23 8.21 8.29 8.23 8.19 7.94 8.40 8.19 21 8.25 8.22 8.28 8.16 8.20 8.25 8.29 8.24 8.15 7.91 8.43 8.18 22 8.31 8.21 8.31 8.20 8.16 8.34 8.24 8.25 8.16 7.89 8.51 8.19 23 8.18 8.23 8.31 8.24 8.13 8.20 8.19 8.25 8.16 7.88 8.76 8.18 24 8.11 8.25 8.21 8.27 8.16 8.06 8.22 8.24 8.16 7.86 8.92 8.17 25 8.15 8.28 8.19 8.26 8.26 7.94 8.31 8.25 8.16 7.85 9.01 8.17 26 8.29 8.28 8.21 8.21 8.25 7.98 8.29 8.26 8.15 7.85 9.02 8.18 27 8.31 8.27 8.25 8.18 8.20 8.17 8.23 8.27 8.16 7.93 8.95 8.17 28 8.18 8.26 8.26 8.18 8.16 8.29 8.17 8.26 8.18 7.92 8.85 8.15 29 8.08 8.23 8.20 8.18 --- 8.24 8.16 8.25 8.16 7.90 8.73 8.14 30 8.10 8.28 8.14 8.21 --- 8.16 8.25 8.25 8.14 7.89 8.56 8.13 31 8.23 --- 8.10 8.23 --- 8.08 --- 8.25 --- 7.87 8.37 --- Mean 8.22 8.25 8.22 8.22 8.22 8.16 8.21 8.24 8.22 7.98 8.25 8.20 Max 8.31 8.31 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.31 8.31 8.30 8.12 9.02 8.39 Min 8.08 8.19 8.10 8.07 8.13 7.94 8.07 8.18 8.14 7.85 7.80 8.08

118

9 CREST OF DAM

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET HEIGHT,GAGE IN 6 DAILY AVERAGE STAGES MANUAL STAGE READING

5 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Stage hydrograph for Wind Lake, 1985-2007.

119 424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1985 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 5 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name February 27 April 16 June 13 July 18 August 21 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) -- 8.35 2.35 9.1 9.02 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 2.8 3.8 1.9 2.0 00098 Sampling depth (m) 0.5 15.0 0.5 15.0 0.5 15.5 0.5 15.0 0.5 15.0 00010 Water temperature (ºC) 1.1 2.5 5.6 5.2 24.8 11.1 2.3 11.6 22.1 12.3 00400 pH (standard units) 7.8 7.3 8.0 7.9 8.8 7.4 8.4 7.0 8.2 6.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 723 852 666 670 668 715 688 732 634 721 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.5 5.6 12.0 11.5 10.1 0.2 9.0 0.1 6.9 0.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.043 0.046 0.029 0.029 0.035 0.409 0.027 0.455 0.025 0.532 00671 Orthophosphate, dissolved (as P) -- -- 0.006 ------0.002 ------00631 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.333 ------<0.019 ------00608 Ammonia, dissolved (as N) -- -- 0.026 ------< 0.015 ------00625 Ammonia + org-N, total, diss. (as N) -- -- 0.87 ------00600 Total nitrogen -- -- 1.2 ------00076 Turbidity (NTU) -- -- 2.7 ------00081 Apparent color (PTU) -- -- 40 ------00900 Hardness (as CaCO3) -- -- 230 ------00915 Calcium, dissolved (Ca) -- -- 49.1 ------00925 Magnesium, dissolved (Mg) -- -- 25.9 ------00930 Sodium, dissolved (Na) -- -- 46.3 ------00935 Potassium, dissolved (K) -- -- 2.9 ------00417 ANC (as CaCO3) -- -- 162 ------00940 Chloride, dissolved (Cl) -- -- 92.8 ------00945 Sulfate, dissolved (SO4) -- -- 41.7 ------00955 Silica, dissolved (SiO2) -- -- 0.3 ------01046 Iron (µg/L) -- -- <100 ------01056 Manganese (µg/L) -- -- M ------70300 Solids, dissolved (at 180 ºC) -- -- 382 ------

120

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 27 TO AUGUST 21, 2007

02-27-07 04-16-07 06-13-07 07-18-07 08-21-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1 02 00 1020 0 0 0 0 0

W.T. 4 4 4 4 4 D.O.

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS

16 16 16 16 16 0 10 20 300 10 20 30 0 10 20 300 1020 30 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 678910678910 678910678910 678910 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 4 4 4 pH S.C.

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 12 DEPTH, IN METERS

16 16 16 16 16 600 700 800 900 600 700 800 900 600 700 800 900 600 700 800 900 600 700 800 900 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

121

0.15

0.12

0.09

0.06

0.03 IN MILLIGRAMS LITER PER

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, PHOSPHORUS TOTAL 0.00 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

150

100

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER 0 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

3 SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS IN DEPTH, SECCHI

4 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Phosphorus Chlorophyll a 70 Secchi depth Eutrophic

50 Mesotrophic

TROPHIC STATE INDEX 40 Oligotrophic

30 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Wind Lake, Deep Hole, at Wind Lake, Wisconsin.

122 04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°00′35″, long 88°31′38″ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.25, T.18 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 800 ft east of mouth of the upper Fox River.

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi².

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from July 1882 to September 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on Fox River by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd session, contains semi- monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917.

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area.

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide at New York City (levels by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). Datum of Deuchman gage is 745.00 ft above mean tide at New York City.

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are operated in the interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of regulation are from 21 ¼ in. above the crest of Menasha to crest during navigation season, plus additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Oshkosh staff gage gives true level of lake, while Deuchman gage readings are affected by loss of head in the channel between lake and dam. Data-collection platform and gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.33 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 8, 1881; Minimum observed, -2.00 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 28, 1891.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 2.98 ft, June 5, 14; Minimum recorded, 1.63 ft, Feb. 23, 24.

123 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.62 2.49 2.63 2.44 1.82 1.71 2.01 2.77 2.78 2.81 2.58 2.88 2 2.65 2.50 2.57 2.45 1.82 1.75 2.04 2.82 2.81 2.78 2.56 2.86 3 2.70 2.49 2.49 2.43 1.81 1.78 2.15 2.82 2.89 2.73 2.56 2.88 4 2.75 2.48 2.49 2.42 1.80 1.78 2.00 2.78 2.95 2.79 2.54 2.87 5 2.68 2.48 2.49 2.41 1.80 1.78 2.19 2.78 2.98 2.80 2.53 2.88 6 2.63 2.49 2.45 2.38 1.79 1.76 2.21 2.76 2.94 2.80 2.52 2.87 7 2.58 2.50 2.43 2.35 1.78 1.76 2.20 2.68 2.91 2.78 2.53 2.88 8 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.30 1.77 1.75 2.23 2.72 2.92 2.75 2.55 2.95 9 2.59 2.50 2.39 2.23 1.76 1.74 2.23 2.74 2.97 2.79 2.52 2.94 10 2.57 2.55 2.37 2.29 1.75 1.73 2.24 2.75 2.96 2.74 2.52 2.94 11 2.50 2.54 2.35 2.23 1.73 1.72 2.35 2.79 2.97 2.74 2.50 2.88 12 2.48 2.52 2.35 2.21 1.72 1.72 2.22 2.74 2.97 2.72 2.54 2.93 13 2.43 2.49 2.35 2.19 1.71 1.75 2.25 2.70 2.97 2.71 2.53 2.85 14 2.49 2.53 2.35 2.16 1.70 1.77 2.32 2.64 2.98 2.66 2.48 2.83 15 2.45 2.54 2.34 2.15 1.70 1.78 2.36 2.69 2.97 2.67 2.50 2.87 16 2.44 2.55 2.36 2.12 1.69 1.77 2.38 2.73 2.96 2.67 2.48 2.83 17 2.47 2.54 2.35 2.08 1.68 1.75 2.42 2.70 2.97 2.66 2.48 2.83 18 2.48 2.54 2.35 2.05 1.67 1.74 2.45 2.66 2.93 2.65 2.49 2.83 19 2.49 2.53 2.36 2.01 1.66 1.75 2.45 2.66 2.92 2.68 2.53 2.83 20 2.49 2.53 2.36 1.98 1.66 1.79 2.48 2.68 2.95 2.66 2.65 2.86 21 2.50 2.50 2.37 1.95 1.65 1.78 2.50 2.64 2.97 2.62 2.69 2.83 22 2.51 2.51 2.43 1.93 1.65 1.83 2.51 2.62 2.94 2.59 2.71 2.87 23 2.52 2.52 2.52 1.90 1.64 1.84 2.54 2.64 2.91 2.58 2.75 2.88 24 2.52 2.52 2.54 1.88 1.66 1.84 2.59 2.62 2.88 2.57 2.80 2.86 25 2.52 2.53 2.52 1.86 1.68 1.89 2.62 2.68 2.88 2.58 2.82 2.88 26 2.52 2.53 2.51 1.84 1.71 1.90 2.64 2.70 2.88 2.58 2.82 2.92 27 2.52 2.55 2.51 1.84 1.72 1.93 2.61 2.67 2.88 2.61 2.83 2.88 28 2.47 2.63 2.51 1.84 1.72 1.99 2.64 2.72 2.89 2.61 2.83 2.90 29 2.53 2.63 2.48 1.84 --- 1.97 2.65 2.71 2.85 2.60 2.88 2.88 30 2.52 2.66 2.47 1.83 --- 1.98 2.68 2.73 2.83 2.58 2.90 2.85 31 2.45 --- 2.46 1.83 --- 2.01 --- 2.75 --- 2.59 2.88 --- Mean 2.54 2.53 2.44 2.11 1.72 1.81 2.37 2.71 2.92 2.68 2.63 2.87 Max 2.75 2.66 2.63 2.45 1.82 2.01 2.68 2.82 2.98 2.81 2.90 2.95 Min 2.43 2.48 2.34 1.83 1.64 1.71 2.00 2.62 2.78 2.57 2.48 2.83

124

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI LOCATION.--Lat 44°04′14″, long 88°19′44″ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Calumet County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, Stockbridge Indian Reservation, on east shore of Lake Winnebago, 300 ft south of County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge. SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2. DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi². PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1982 to current year. GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City (levels by U. S. Army Corps of Engineers). REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are operated in the interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of regulation are from 21 ¼ in. above the crest of Menasha dam to crest during navigation season, plus additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Data- collection platform and gage-height telemeter at station. EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 9, 11, 1993; minimum observed, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986. EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 2.98 ft, June 19; minimum recorded, 1.56 ft, Feb. 23.

125 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 2007 DAILY MEAN VALUES Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.56 2.58 2.58 2.45 1.78 1.68 1.98 2.64 2.67 2.64 2.51 2.80 2 2.63 2.57 2.65 2.45 1.79 1.72 2.06 2.66 2.71 2.64 2.52 2.81 3 2.63 2.50 2.62 2.44 1.78 1.76 2.06 2.62 2.78 2.68 2.48 2.79 4 2.56 2.44 2.54 2.41 1.78 1.75 2.22 2.59 2.82 2.70 2.44 2.79 5 2.59 2.44 2.45 2.37 1.76 1.75 2.21 2.58 2.84 2.71 2.42 2.80 6 2.58 2.45 2.42 2.38 1.75 1.73 2.16 2.55 2.89 2.69 2.44 2.81 7 2.57 2.45 2.41 2.34 1.74 1.73 2.20 2.58 2.88 2.70 2.46 2.88 8 2.56 2.46 2.36 2.35 1.73 1.71 2.15 2.61 2.92 2.72 2.43 2.85 9 2.49 2.46 2.33 2.33 1.72 1.70 2.12 2.63 2.89 2.68 2.42 2.81 10 2.50 2.39 2.31 2.26 1.71 1.69 2.09 2.64 2.87 2.73 2.44 2.80 11 2.60 2.46 2.30 2.21 1.69 1.67 1.95 2.56 2.86 2.74 2.45 2.92 12 2.75 2.46 2.30 2.13 1.68 1.67 2.09 2.57 2.86 2.70 2.45 2.83 13 2.76 2.48 2.30 2.12 1.67 1.71 2.21 2.57 2.86 2.62 2.40 2.81 14 2.58 2.48 2.29 2.11 1.67 1.74 2.23 2.63 2.87 2.65 2.46 2.85 15 2.44 2.46 2.32 2.11 1.66 1.75 2.25 2.60 2.86 2.58 2.42 2.79 16 2.38 2.45 2.30 2.08 1.64 1.74 2.28 2.61 2.88 2.55 2.41 2.76 17 2.42 2.50 2.31 2.03 1.64 1.72 2.27 2.59 2.86 2.54 2.39 2.73 18 2.49 2.48 2.31 2.00 1.64 1.70 2.29 2.61 2.91 2.55 2.32 2.75 19 2.49 2.49 2.31 1.97 1.63 1.69 2.34 2.57 2.98 2.52 2.34 2.78 20 2.45 2.50 2.30 1.93 1.62 1.68 2.36 2.48 2.91 2.52 2.45 2.74 21 2.43 2.49 2.31 1.90 1.62 1.68 2.39 2.50 2.85 2.50 2.56 2.79 22 2.50 2.47 2.42 1.88 1.62 1.74 2.41 2.51 2.79 2.49 2.62 2.82 23 2.55 2.47 2.54 1.85 1.61 1.75 2.46 2.54 2.79 2.49 2.66 2.78 24 2.50 2.47 2.50 1.83 1.62 1.76 2.46 2.59 2.79 2.49 2.69 2.77 25 2.47 2.48 2.47 1.81 1.66 1.79 2.41 2.60 2.80 2.49 2.73 2.83 26 2.43 2.48 2.49 1.79 1.68 1.81 2.41 2.57 2.81 2.50 2.73 2.83 27 2.46 2.47 2.46 1.80 1.68 1.80 2.51 2.68 2.81 2.50 2.73 2.83 28 2.56 2.58 2.44 1.80 1.68 1.80 2.55 2.61 2.74 2.48 2.76 2.81 29 2.55 2.62 2.43 1.79 --- 1.83 2.56 2.60 2.73 2.49 2.78 2.77 30 2.47 2.63 2.41 1.80 --- 1.84 2.54 2.62 2.70 2.50 2.79 2.77 31 2.61 --- 2.40 1.78 --- 1.86 --- 2.65 --- 2.50 2.79 --- Mean 2.53 2.49 2.41 2.08 1.69 1.74 2.27 2.59 2.83 2.59 2.53 2.80 Max 2.76 2.63 2.65 2.45 1.79 1.86 2.56 2.68 2.98 2.74 2.79 2.92 Min 2.38 2.39 2.29 1.78 1.61 1.67 1.95 2.48 2.67 2.48 2.32 2.73

126 USGS participation in the National Lake Survey for Wisconsin

The Survey of the Nation’s Lakes is a statistical survey of the condition of the Nation’s lakes, ponds, and reservoirs undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), states, tribes, and other partners. The purpose of the survey is to generate a statistically-valid report by USEPA on the condition of the Nation’s lakes, to be completed in 2009.

A total of 909 lakes were included in the National Lakes Survey across the lower 48 states. The sample set is comprised of natural and man-made freshwater lakes, ponds, and reservoirs greater than 10 acres and greater than one meter in depth located in the conterminous United States. The characteristics measured in the Lakes Survey will be used to evaluate the ecological condition, trophic state, and recreational potential of lakes. Consistent sampling procedures were used to ensure that the results can be compared across the country. All sampling was completed during the summer of 2007. For more information see: www.epa.gov/owow/lakes/lakessurvey/

Key indicators measured included: Water Quality Indicators • In situ temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles • Water chemical quality and nutrient concentrations • Chlorophyll a, Secchi disk depth, turbidity, and color Ecological Indicators • Sediment diatoms • Phytoplankton • Zooplankton • Shoreline physical habitat conditions • Macroinvertebrates Recreational Indicators • Enterococci bacteria • Algal toxin (microcystins) • Sediment mercury

EPA Region 5 also developed a webpage on National Lake Survey activities, including information on Region activities as well as links to state pages at: http://www.epa.gov/region5/water/wqb/wqb_r5surveys.htm

Within Wisconsin the USEPA randomly selected 29 lakes for sampling, including 2 that were located on Tribal lands (sampled by the respective Tribes). The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) selected an additional 30 lakes to add to the data set to help characterize lakes within the state. The USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center conducted the in-lake water and sediment sampling for 56 lakes (listed in table 3; and locations shown in fig.2), while the WDNR collected the habitat and bacteria data. In-lake water data collected by USGS from these lakes are presented in this section.

127

Table 3. 2007 EPA National Lake Survey and WDNR-selected lake station ID's and counties EPA SiteID Name Station ID County NLA06608-3470 Aldridge Lake 455158089180300 Vilas NLA06608-0547 Arrowhead Lake (Manchester)* 441242089511200 Adams NLA06608-0926 Atkins Lake* 461642091021800 Bayfield NLA06608-1619 Bashaw Lake 454616092082100 Burnett NLA06608-0627 Berry Lake* 445325088282900 Oconto NLA06608-4927 Big Crooked Lake 460222089504600 Vilas NLA06608-3411 Briggs Lake 460012092153700 Burnett NLA06608-0542 Buckskin Lake* 454709088215800 Florence NLA06608-0435 Chequamegon Flowage* 451224090415300 Taylor NLA06608-2654 Chippewa Lake 461157090591100 Bayfield NLA06608-1395 Christie Lake 445326088213000 Oconto NLA06608-1422 Crooked Lake 454439089052000 Oneida NLA06608-1166 Crystal Lake* 460007089364100 Vilas NLA06608-1075 Echo Lake* 452109089282000 Lincoln NLA06608-1566 Elwood Lake 455134088083400 Florence NLA06608-0862 Fox Lake* 460823090123600 Iron WI-4 Glen Lake 452947088050600 Marinette NLA06608-0291 Green Lake* 434911088583000 Green Lake NLA06608-1822 Half Moon Lake 463336091234600 Bayfield NLA06608-0823 Half Moon Lake* 452919092244400 Polk NLA06608-1950 Lake Helane 460714091141400 Sawyer NLA06608-0611 Lake Kegonsa* 425750089143800 Dane NLA06608-4728 Lake Poygan 440906088480000 Winnebago NLA06608-1059 Lake Winnebago* 435934088274300 Winnebago NLA06608-1242 Little Elkhart Lake* 434829087582700 Sheboygan NLA06608-2510 Little Star Lake 460300089290000 Vilas NLA06608-0115 Marl Lake* 441925089112800 Waupaca NLA06608-0654 McLeod Lake* 455913089210100 Vilas WI-1 Mud Lake 433926088132500 Fond du Lac WI-2 Mud Lake 454755089391200 Oneida WI-3 Mud Lake 455948091145500 Sawyer NLA06608-1847 Murdock Lake 453341092255700 Polk NLA06608-0099 Oconomowoc Lake* 430551088273500 Waukesha NLA06608-1443 Peshtigo Lake 453500088540000 Forest NLA06608-1399 Pleasant Lake 451730092371300 Polk NLA06608-0142 Plum Lake* 455958089314200 Vilas NLA06608-0350 Price Lake* 454547090393300 Price NLA06608-2035 Pulaski Lake 452005091171000 Rusk

128 Table 3. 2007 EPA National Lake Survey and WDNR-selected lake station ID's and counties--continued EPA SiteID Name Station ID County NLA06608-4120 Rainbow Lake (chain) 442024089090200 Waupaca NLA06608-2398 Riley Lake 455125090095400 Price WI-5 Rolling Stone Lake 452617088565800 Langlade NLA06608-1207 Round Lake* 451853092334600 Polk NLA06608-3230 Sand Lake 462242091342400 Douglas NLA06608-0606 Schnur Lake* 455828090302800 Price NLA06608-3043 Soo Lake 453918089322600 Oneida NLA06608-0007 Spring Lake* 453452092022600 Barron WI-6 Swamsauger Lake 454710089573000 Oneida NLA06608-0467 Swan Lake* 433239089223500 Columbia NLA06608-0859 Tichigan Lake* 424854088123300 Racine NLA06608-0414 Unnamed Lake* 460759091364200 Washburn NLA06608-1143 Unnamed Lake* 454322092100500 Burnett NLA06608-1627 Voltz Lake 423029088050000 Kenosha NLA06608-0183 Wapogasset Lake* 451909092253300 Polk NLA06608-1363 Webb Lake 460222092083100 Burnett NLA06608-3811 West Mitchell Lake 453902089423200 Oneida NLA06608-0846 Willow Reservoir* 454300089515900 Oneida * EPA National Lake Survey sites

129

91°30' Superior

1822 46°30' BAYFIELD DOUGLAS 90° 3230 0926 IRON 0414 2654 0862 VILAS 1363 88°30 1950 ASHLAND 4927 2510 0654 3411 WI-3 WASHBURN 0606 1166 0142 3470 1566 BURNETT SAWYER FLORENCE 1619 WI-2 0350 ONEIDA 1422 0542 1143 0846 1847 PRICE FOREST 3811 3043 0007 1443 0823 MARINETTE POLK RUSK 0183 BARRON 1075 LINCOLN 1207 1399 LANGLADE TAYLOR 0435 Marinette 45° ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA Wausau MENOMINEE OCONTO River Falls DUNN Chippewa 0627 Falls 1395 Menomonie MARATHON Eau Claire SHAWANO DOOR PIERCE EAU CLAIRE CLARK PEPIN Marshfield Stevens Point KEWAUNEE WAUPACA Green Bay BUFFALO WOOD PORTAGE OUTAGAMIE BROWN Wisconsin 4120 Appleton TREMP- JACKSON Rapids 0115 EALEAU MANITOWOC Manitowoc 0547 WAUSHARA Oshkosh CALUMET LA CROSSE 1059 WINNEBAGO Onalaska MONROE ADAMS GREEN MAR- LAKE JUNEAU 1242 La Crosse QUETTE Fond du Lac Sheboygan 0291 FOND DU LAC SHEBOYGAN WI-1 VERNON 0467 43°30' Beaver Dam COLUMBIA RICHLAND SAUK OZAUKEE DODGE WASH- CRAWFORD INGTON Oconomowoc West Bend 0099 Madison MILWAUKEE Waukesha Milwaukee IOWA DANE 0611 JEFFERSON WAUKESHA GRANT Oak Creek Whitewater 0859 GREEN ROCK RACINE Racine LAFAYETTE Janesville WALWORTH Kenosha Monroe Beloit KENOSHA 1627

EXPLANATION Base from U.S Geological Survey 1:24,000 digital data U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) lake sites U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 0 20 40 60 MILES lake sites 0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS Cities

Figure 2. Map showing location of 2007 EPA National Lake Survey and WDNR-selected lakes

130 455158089180300 ALDRIDGE LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'05", long 89°18'14", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.13, T.39 N., R.9 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Eagle River.

SURFACE AREA.--0.22 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 14, 2007.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of 4.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 14, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.2 00400 pH (standard units) 6.1 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 90 00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.029 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.54 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 55 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 11 00955 Dissolved silica 7.95

08-14-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

D.O. 2

4 0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0

1 pH

S.C.

4 50 75 100 125 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS 131 441242089511200 ARROWHEAD LAKE, ABOVE DAM, NEAR NEKOOSA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°12'42", long 89°51'12", in NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.13, T.20 N., R.5 E., Adams County, Hydrologic Unit 07070003, near Nekoosa.

SURFACE AREA.--0.48 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 31, 2007.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at west end at a depth of 5.7 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 31, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 316 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.014 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.74 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 103 00955 Dissolved silica 3.87

07-31-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

W.T. 2

3 D.O.

6 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH 2 S.C. 3

6 250 300 350 400 450 500 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS 132 461642091021800 ATKINS LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR GRAND VIEW, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°16'42", long 91°02'18", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.19, T.44 N., R.5 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Grand View. SURFACE AREA.--0.27 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 6, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 22 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 6, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 6.7 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.2 00400 pH (standard units) 7.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 30 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) <0.005 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 0.88 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 12 00955 Dissolved silica 0.185

08-06-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. 5

W.T. 10

25 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0

5 pH

S.C. 15

25 0 1020 30 40 50 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

133 454616092082100 BASHAW LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR HERTEL, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°46'16", long 92°08'21", in SE ¼ SE ¼ sec.18, T.38 N., R.14 W., Burnett County, Hydrologic Unit 07030001, near Hertel. SURFACE AREA.--0.30 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 27, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 27, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.5 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.7 00400 pH (standard units) 9.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 187 00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.121 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 116 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 89 00955 Dissolved silica 17.2

07-27-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. 1

2 W.T.

5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

2 S.C.

5 150 200 250 300 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS 134 445325088282900 BERRY LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR GILLETT, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°53'25", long 88°28'29", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.19, T.28 N., R.17 E., Oconto County, Hydrologic Unit 04030104, near Gillett. SURFACE AREA.--0.32 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 19, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 6.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 19, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.3 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 166 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.8 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.88 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 64 00955 Dissolved silica 0.328

07-19-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 W.T.

3 D.O. 4

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

2 pH S.C. 3

7 100 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

135 460222089504600 BIG CROOKED LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR LAC DU FLAMBEAU, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°02'22", long 89°50'46", in NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.15, T.41 N., R.5 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07050002, near Lac du Flambeau. SURFACE AREA.--0.61 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 15, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 26 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 15, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 5.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.0 00400 pH (standard units) 7.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 24

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) <0.005 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.00

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 10 00955 Dissolved silica 0.115

08-15-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

W.T. 10 D.O. 15

30 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0

5 S.C. pH 10

30 0 25 50 75 100 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

136 460012092153700 BRIGGS LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR DANBURY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°00'12", long 92°15'37", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.29, T.41 N., R.15 W., Burnett County, Hydrologic Unit 07030001, near Danbury. SURFACE AREA.—0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 28, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 3.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 28, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.9 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.1 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 136 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.052 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 22.7 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 17.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 63 00955 Dissolved silica 14.2 07-28-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

D.O. 2

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

2 S.C.

4 100 125 150 175 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

137 454709088215800 BUCKSKIN LAKE, CENTER, NEAR FENCE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°47'09", long 88°21'58", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.9, T.38 N., R.17 E., Florence County, Hydrologic Unit 04030108, near Fence. SURFACE AREA.--0.02 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 30, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 1.3 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) >1.3 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 21.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 127 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.80 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 57.8 00955 Dissolved silica 0.778 08-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

W.T. 0.5

D.O.

1.0

1.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0.0

pH 0.5 S.C.

1.0

1.5 50 100 150 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

138 451224090415300 CHEQUAMEGON FLOWAGE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR GILMAN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°12'24", long 90°41'53", in SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.36, T.32 N., R.3 W., Taylor County, Hydrologic Unit 07050005, near Gilman. SURFACE AREA.--1.42 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 23, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 23, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.6 00010 Water temperature, ºC 22.9 00400 pH (standard units) 6.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 216 00300 Dissolved oxygen 5.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.096 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 28.9 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 75 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 29 00955 Dissolved silica 6.02

07-23-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

3 D.O.

5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

S.C. 3

5 150 175 200 225 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

139 461157090591100 CHIPPEWA LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR NAMEKAGON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°11'57", long 90°59'11", in SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.15, T.43 N., R.5 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near Namekagon. SURFACE AREA.--0.44 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 6, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 3.25 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 6, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.8 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 93 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.019 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 4.31 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 44 00955 Dissolved silica 9.3

08-06-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5

1.0 D.O.

1.5

2.0 W.T.

2.5

3.0

3.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0.0

0.5

1.0 S.C. pH

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

140 455326088213000 CHRISTIE LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR GILLETT, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°53'26", long 88°21'30", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.19, T.28 N., R.18 E., Oconto County, Hydrologic Unit 04030104, near Gillett. SURFACE AREA.--0.65 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 19, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled on the west side near the boat landing at a depth of about 0.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 19, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) >0.5 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 0.3 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.1 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 308 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.022 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.34 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 10 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 116 00955 Dissolved silica 10.7

No profile plots because just one reading was taken.

141 454439089052000 CROOKED LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR THREE LAKES, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°54'39", long 89°05'20", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.26, T.38 N., R.11 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Three Lakes. SURFACE AREA.--0.27 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 16, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 3.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 16, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 22.9 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 119

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.019 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 11.6

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 10 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 47 00955 Dissolved silica 11.9

08-16-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

W.T. 1

D.O.

3 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH 1 S.C.

3 50 75 100 125 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

142 460007089364100 CRYSTAL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR SAYNER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°00'07", long 89°36'41", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.27, T.41 N., R.7 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07050002, near Sayner. SURFACE AREA.--0.12 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 14, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 17.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 14, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 7.2 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.9 00400 pH (standard units) 6.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 10 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) <0.005 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 0.92 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 0.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 4 00955 Dissolved silica <0.022

08-14-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

W.T. 5 D.O.

20 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0 pH

S.C. 15

20 010 20 30 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

143 452109089282000 ECHO LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR GLEASON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°21'09", long 89°28'20", in SW ¼ SE ¼ sec.10, T.33 N., R.8 E., Lincoln County, Hydrologic Unit 07070002, near Gleason. SURFACE AREA.--0.09 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 27, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.6 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 27, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) >2.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 20.6 00400 pH (standard units) 5.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 19.3 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.010 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.72 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 2.9 00955 Dissolved silica ND

ND = Not detected

08-27-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5 W.T.

1.0 D.O.

1.5

2.0

2.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 4 5 6 7 8 0.0

0.5

1.0 pH S.C.

1.5

2.0

2.5 0 10 20 30 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

144 455134088083400 ELLWOOD LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR SPREAD EAGLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°51'34", long 88°08'34", in NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.17, T.39 N., R.19 E., Florence County, Hydrologic Unit 04030108, near Spread Eagle. SURFACE AREA.--0.20 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 29, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 29, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 22.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 221 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.48 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 101 00955 Dissolved silica 2.71

08-29-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 W.T.

4 D.O. 5

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

4 S.C.

7 200 250 300 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

145 460823090123600 FOX LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR MERCER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°08'23", long 90°12'36", in NE ¼ NW ¼ sec.11, T.42 N., R.2 E., Iron County, Hydrologic Unit 07050002, near Mercer. SURFACE AREA.--0.06 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 8, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 8, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.6 00400 pH (standard units) 7.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 54 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.23 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 20 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 20 00955 Dissolved silica 0.602

08-08-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O.

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0

1 S.C. 2 pH

7 025 50 75 100 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

146 452947088050600 GLEN LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR ATHELSTANE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°29'51", long 88°04'48", in NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.23, T.35 N., R.19 E., Marinette County, Hydrologic Unit 04030108, near Athelstane. SURFACE AREA.--0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.—August 29, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 5.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 29, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 22.6 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 207

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.8 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.28

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 98 00955 Dissolved silica 10.9

08-29-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 D.O.

4 W.T.

6 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

1 S.C. pH

6 100 200 300 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

147 434911088583000 GREEN LAKE, EAST #2, NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'11", long 88°58'30", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.32, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, near Green Lake. SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 11, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of about 49.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 11, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.4 00400 pH (standard units) 8.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 496 00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.016 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 5.53 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 169 00955 Dissolved silica 0.457

07-11-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. 10 W.T.

50 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

S.C. pH 20

50 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

148 463336091234600 HALF MOON LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT IRON RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°33'36", long 91°23'46", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.17, T.47 N., R.08 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 04010301, at Iron River. SURFACE AREA.--0.17 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 30, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) >2.5 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.4 00400 pH (standard units) 9.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 102

00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.4 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.024 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.36

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 12.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 46 00955 Dissolved silica 0.322

07-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5

W.T. 1.0 D.O.

1.5

2.0

2.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0.0

0.5 pH

1.0 S.C.

1.5

2.0

2.5 100 125 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

149 452919092244400 HALF MOON LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MILLTOWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°29'19", long 92°24'44", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.25, T.35 N., R.17 W., Polk County, Hydrologic Unit 07030005, near Milltown. SURFACE AREA.--0.19 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 26, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 18.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 26, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.8 00400 pH (standard units) 9.0 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 194

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.01 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.19

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 65 00955 Dissolved silica 4.44

07-26-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

5 D.O.

10 W.T.

20 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

10 S.C. pH

20 150 200 250 300 350 400 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

150 460714091141400 LAKE HELANE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR SEELEY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°07'14", long 91°14'14", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.15, T.42 N., R.7 W., Sawyer County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near Seeley. SURFACE AREA.--0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 7, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 7, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.2 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.7 00400 pH (standard units) 5.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 7

00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.016 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 5.49

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 4 00955 Dissolved silica <0.022

08-07-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O. 3

8 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 4 5 6 7 8 0

1 pH

6 S.C.

8 0 10 20 3040 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

151 425750089143800 LAKE KEGONSA, DEEP HOLE, NEAR STOUGHTON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57'50", long 89°14'38", in SE ¼ SW ¼ sec.19, T.6 N., R.11 E., Dane County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near Stoughton. SURFACE AREA.--4.99 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 2, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 9.1 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 2, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 552

00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.056 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 23.6

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 181 00955 Dissolved silica 8.65

07-02-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 W.T.

D.O. 6

10 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH S.C. 2

10 550 575 600 625 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

152 440906088480000 LAKE POYGAN, DEEP SPOT, NEAR WINNECONNE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°09'06", long 88°48'00", in SE ¼ NW ¼ sec.2, T.19 N., R.14 E., Winnebago County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, near Winneconne. SURFACE AREA.--22.03 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 6, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 3.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 6, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.7 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.5 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.4 00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 354 00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.074 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 27.6 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 155 00955 Dissolved silica 10.1

09-06-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

W.T. 1 D.O.

3 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH 1 S.C.

3 300 325 350 375 400 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

153 435934088274300 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°59'34", long 88°27'43", in NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.34, T.18 N., R.17 E., Winnebago County, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, near Oshkosh. SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 12 and 30, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of about 5.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.5 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.5 00400 pH (standard units) 8.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 382 00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.175 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 50.4 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 10 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 157 00955 Dissolved silica 18

07-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 01 02 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O.

6 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 89 10 0

1 pH

4 S.C. 5

6 300 325 350 375 400 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

154 434829087582700 LITTLE ELKHART LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR PLYMOUTH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°48'29", long 87°58'27", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.34, T.16 N., R.21 E., Sheboygan County, Hydrologic Unit 04030101, near Plymouth. SURFACE AREA.--0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 10, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 10, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.2 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 365 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.018 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.71 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 123 00955 Dissolved silica 1.22

07-10-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O. 3

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

2 S.C. pH

7 350 375 400 425 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

155 460300089290000 LITTLE STAR LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR SAYNER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°03'00", long 89°29'00", in SE ¼ NW ¼ sec.10, T.41 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Sayner. SURFACE AREA.--0.14 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 15, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.75 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 15, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 0.8 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.5 00400 pH (standard units) 7.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 101 00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.084 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 27.8 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 50 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 45 00955 Dissolved silica 19.1

08-15-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

D.O.

3 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH 1 S.C.

3 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

156 441925089112800 MARL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR WAUPACA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°19'25", long 89°11'28", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.5, T.21 N., R.11 E., Waupaca County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, near Waupaca. SURFACE AREA.--0.03 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 18, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 17.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 18, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.2 00400 pH (standard units) 8.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 313

00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.009 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) --

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 153 00955 Dissolved silica 12.1

07-18-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 D.O.

14 W.T.

18 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

4 pH 6 S.C. 8

18 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

157 455913089210100 MCLEOD LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CONOVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°59'13", long 89°21'01", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.34, T.41 N., R.9 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Conover. SURFACE AREA.--0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 14, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 1.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 14, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.2 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.2 00400 pH (standard units) 5.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 19

00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.019 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 7.91

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 90 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 9 00955 Dissolved silica 3.08

08-14-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5

D.O. W.T.

1.0

1.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0.0

0.5

pH S.C.

1.0

1.5 010 20 30 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

158 433926088132500 MUD LAKE, CENTER, NEAR CAMPBELLSPORT, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°39'26", long 88°13'25", in NE ¼ NE ¼ sec.28, T.14 N., R.19 E., Fond du Lac County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near Campbellsport. SURFACE AREA.--0.07 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 17, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4.2 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 17, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 0.8 00010 Water temperature, ºC 22.4 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 443 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.164 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 85.7 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 55 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 209 00955 Dissolved silica 18.6 07-17-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O.

W.T. 2

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 S.C. pH

4 400 425 450 475 500 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

159 454755089391200 MUD LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI LOCATION.--Lat 45°47'55", long 89°39'12", in SE ¼ NE ¼ sec.7, T.38 N., R.7 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Hazelhurst. SURFACE AREA.--0.06 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.—September 5, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.2 00400 pH (standard units) 7.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 88

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.26

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 41 00955 Dissolved silica 10.8

09-05-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O. 3

8 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 S.C. pH 2

8 50 100 150 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

160 455948091145500 MUD LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR HAYWARD, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°59'48", long 91°14'55", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.33, T.41 N., R.7 W., Sawyer County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near Hayward. SURFACE AREA.--0.75 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 7, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 7, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.1 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 95

00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.6

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 12.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 43 00955 Dissolved silica 3.01

08-07-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

D.O. 2

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

pH 1 S.C.

4 50 60 70 80 90 100 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

161 453341092255700 MURDOCK LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR LUCK, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°33'41", long 92°25'57", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.35, T.36 N., R.17 W., Polk County, Hydrologic Unit 07030005, near Luck. SURFACE AREA.--0.03 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 29, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 29, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 28.1 00400 pH (standard units) 7.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 45

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.047 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 25.7

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 22 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 7 00955 Dissolved silica 0.613

07-29-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5 W.T.

1.0 D.O.

1.5

2.0

2.5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0.0

0.5 pH S.C. 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5 40 45 50 55 60 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

162 430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE, CENTER, AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW ¼ SE ¼ sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc. SURFACE AREA.--1.20 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 3 and September 5, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 18.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. The multi-parameter meter malfunctioned on Sept. 5, so no profile data is available for that day.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 3 and SEPTEMBER 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name July 3, 2007 September 5, 2007

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.0 3.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.8 25.2 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 578 533

00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.3 8.4 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 0.014 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.36 2.79

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 189 173 00955 Dissolved silica 4.20 8.04

07-03-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O.

W.T.

20 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

pH 5 S.C.

20 550 575 600 625 650 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

163 453500088540000 PESHTIGO LAKE, DEEP SPOT, AT CRANDON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°35'00", long 88°54'00", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.20, T.36 N., R.13 E., Forest County, Hydrologic Unit 04030105, at Crandon. SURFACE AREA.--0.22 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 30, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 0.75 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) >0.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 0.6 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.1 00400 pH (standard units) 8.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 405 00300 Dissolved oxygen 11.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.026 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 11.6 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 135 00955 Dissolved silica 3.54

No profile plots because just one reading was taken.

164 451730092371300 PLEASANT LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR OSCEOLA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°17'30", long 92°37'13", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.5, T.32 N., R.18 W., Polk County, Hydrologic Unit 07030005, near Osceola. SURFACE AREA.--0.06 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 25, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 5.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 25, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.5 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.9 00400 pH (standard units) 9.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 250 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.27 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 66 00955 Dissolved silica 8

07-25-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

2 D.O.

6 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH S.C.

6 200 225 250 275 300 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

165 455958089314200 PLUM LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT SAYNER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°59'58", long 89°31'42", in SW ¼ SW ¼ sec.29, T.41 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at Sayner. SURFACE AREA.--0.51 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 13, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 16.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 25, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.7 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0

82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00400 pH (standard units) 7.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 100

00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.8 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.008 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 1.67

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 44 00955 Dissolved silica 13.5

08-13-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 D.O. 4 W.T.

18 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

2 pH 4

8 S.C.

18 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

166 454547090393300 PRICE LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR LUGERVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°45'47", long 90°39'33", in SE ¼ NE ¼ sec.19, T.38 N., R.2 W., Price County, Hydrologic Unit 07050003, near Lugerville. SURFACE AREA.--0.14 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 9, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 9, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.2 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.0 00400 pH (standard units) 8.3 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 83

00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.024 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 20

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 55 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 38 00955 Dissolved silica 2.91

08-09-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O. W.T. 2

8 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

4 S.C. 5

8 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

167 452005091171000 PULASKI LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR BRUCE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°20'05", long 91°17'10", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.19, T.33 N., R.7 W., Rusk County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near Bruce. SURFACE AREA.--0.20 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 24, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 12 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 24, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.5 00400 pH (standard units) 7.5 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 48

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.42

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 14 00955 Dissolved silica 0.206

07-24-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

2 D.O. W.T. 4

12 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 5 6 7 8 9 0

S.C. 6

8 pH

12 0 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

168 442024089090200 RAINBOW (CHAIN) LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR WAUPACA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°20'44", long 89°09'02", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.34, T.22 N., R.11 E., Waupaca County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, near Bruce. SURFACE AREA.--0.18 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 18, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 25 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 18, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.7 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.8 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 353

00300 Dissolved oxygen 10 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 7.94

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 140 00955 Dissolved silica 3.47

07-18-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

5 W.T. D.O. 10

25 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 9 10 0

S.C. pH 5

25 300 350 400 450 500 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

169 455125090095400 RILEY LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR FIFIELD, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°51'25", long 90°09'54", in NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.19, T.39 N., R.2 E., Price County, Hydrologic Unit 07050003, near Fifield. SURFACE AREA.--0.30 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 9, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 9, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.2 00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.9 00400 pH (standard units) 7.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 41 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.026 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 16.4 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 35 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 17 00955 Dissolved silica 5.25 08-09-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5 W.T. D.O.

1.0

1.5

2.0 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0.0

0.5 pH S.C.

1.0

1.5

2.0 0 1020 30 40 50 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

170 452617088565800 ROLLING STONE LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR PICKEREL, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°26'17", long 88°56'58", in SE ¼ SE ¼ sec.11, T.34 N., R.12 E., Langlade County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, near Pickerel. SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 29, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 3.8 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 29, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 20.0 00400 pH (standard units) 9.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 160 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.039 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 27.7 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 12.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 79 00955 Dissolved silica 6.48

08-29-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. W.T. 1

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

1 pH

S.C. 2

4 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

171 451853092334600 ROUND LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR OSCEOLA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°18'53", long 92°33'46", in NE ¼ SW ¼ sec.26, T.33 N., R.18, Polk County, Hydrologic Unit 07030005, near Osceola. SURFACE AREA.--0.10 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 26, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 26, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 4.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.3 00400 pH (standard units) 8.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 230

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 3.06

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 2.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 97 00955 Dissolved silica 5.5

07-26-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. 2 D.O. 3

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

S.C. 3

7 200 250 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

172 462242091342400 SAND LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR SOLON SPRINGS, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°22'42", long 91°34'24", in NE ¼ SE ¼ sec.14, T.45 N., R.10 W., Douglas County, Hydrologic Unit 07030001, near Solon Springs. SURFACE AREA.--0.15 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 30, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 30, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.2 00400 pH (standard units) 9.0 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 79 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 2.54 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 33 00955 Dissolved silica 8.52

07-30-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O. W.T.

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

1 pH

S.C. 2

4 50 100 150 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

173 455828090302800 SCHNUR LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR PARK FALLS, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°58'28", long 90°30'28", in SW ¼ NW ¼ sec.4, T.40 N., R.1 W., Price County, Hydrologic Unit 07050002, near Park Falls. SURFACE AREA.--0.24 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 8, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 7.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 8, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.6 00400 pH (standard units) 9.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 146 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.9 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.015 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 13.1 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 52 00955 Dissolved silica 1.31 08-08-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. W.T. 2

8 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

2 pH

S.C. 4

8 100 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

174 453918089322600 SOO LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR RHINELANDER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°39'18", long 89°32'26", in SW ¼ NE ¼ sec.31, T.37 N., R.8 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Rhinelander. SURFACE AREA.--0.20 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 31, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 31, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.3 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 21.2 00400 pH (standard units) 6.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 13.5

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.016 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 4.07

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 5.2 00955 Dissolved silica 0.272

175 08-31-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T.

D.O. 2

4 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 89 10 0

pH 1

S.C.

4 0 5 10 15 20 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

176 453452092022600 SPRING LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°34'52", long 92°02'26", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.25, T.36 N., R.14 W., Barron County, Hydrologic Unit 07050007, near Cumberland. SURFACE AREA.--0.10 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 24 and September 6, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 24 AND SEPTEMBER 6, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name July 24 September 6

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 3.2 3.4 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 2.0 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.7 23.5 23.5 00400 pH (standard units) 7.2 6.7 6.7 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 33 21 21

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.2 8.3 8.3 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.008 0.008 0.007 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 4.23 2.47 2.79

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 12.5 7.5 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 6 7 6 00955 Dissolved silica 0.072 0.105 0.111 07-24-07 09-06-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

01 02 0 01 02 0 0 0

5 5 W.T.

10 D.O. 10

15 15 DEPTH, IN METERS

20 20 010 20 30 010 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 S.C. pH 5 5

10 10

15 15 DEPTH, IN METERS

20 20 0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

177 454710089573000 SWAMSAUGER LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°47'10", long 89°57'30", in NW ¼ NW ¼ sec.14, T.38 N., R.4 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Hazelhurst. SURFACE AREA.--0.21 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 13, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 13, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.0 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 24.8 00400 pH (standard units) 7.0 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 83

00300 Dissolved oxygen 6.8 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.034 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 12.0

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 110 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 37 00955 Dissolved silica 13.1

08-13-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O. W.T.

5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

3 S.C.

5 50 100 150 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

178 433239089223500 SWAN LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR PORTAGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°32'39", long 89°22'35", in SE ¼ SW ¼ sec.1, T.12 N., R.9 E., Columbia County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, near Portage. SURFACE AREA.--0.71 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 9, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 24.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 9, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value

00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.1 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0

00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.7 00400 pH (standard units) 8.6 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 400

00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.024 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 10.9

00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 167 00955 Dissolved silica 2.24

07-09-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. 5 W.T.

25 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 9 10 0 pH S.C. 5

25 350 400 450 500 550 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

179 424854088123300 TICHIGAN LAKE NEAR WATERFORD, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'54", long 88°12'33", in SE ¼ SE ¼ sec.11, T.4 N., R.19 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near Waterford. SURFACE AREA.--1.89 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 5, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.2 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.9 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 875 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.036 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 17.3 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 188 00955 Dissolved silica 3.73

07-05-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

D.O. W.T. 5

20 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 9 10 0

pH S.C. 5

20 850 900 950 1000 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS 180 454322092100500 UNNAMED LAKE, CENTER, NEAR CLAM FALLS, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°43'22", long 92°10'05", in NE ¼ NW ¼ sec.1, T.37 N., R.15 W., Burnett County, Hydrologic Unit 07030001, near Clam Falls. SURFACE AREA.--0.02 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 31, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 1.8 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 31, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 28.1 00400 pH (standard units) -- 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 204 00300 Dissolved oxygen 10.8 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.08 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 9.91 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 7.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 115 00955 Dissolved silica 28.9

07-31-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5 D.O.

1.0

W.T.

1.5

2.0 0 1020 30

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0.0

0.5

S.C. 1.0

1.5

2.0 150 200 250 300 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

181 460759091364200 UNNAMED LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR MINONG, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°07'59", long 91°36'42", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.10, T.42 N., R.10 W., Washburn County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Minong. SURFACE AREA.--0.08 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 31, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 1.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 31, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.9 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.8 00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.4 00400 pH (standard units) 6.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 70 00300 Dissolved oxygen 4.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.049 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 6.64 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 180 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 23 00955 Dissolved silica 3.41

No profile data due to just one line of data.

182 423029088050000 VOLTZ LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR WILMOT, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°30'29", long 88°05'00", in NE ¼ NW ¼ sec.36, T.1 N., R.20 E., Kenosha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near Wilmot. SURFACE AREA.--0.10 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 5, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 6.7 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.1 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 27.4 00400 pH (standard units) 8.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 520 00300 Dissolved oxygen 8.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.038 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 5.93 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 15 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 154 00955 Dissolved silica 2.44

07-05-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 W.T. D.O. 2

7 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

4 S.C.

5 pH

7 450 500 550 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

183 451909092253300 WAPOGASSET LAKE, SOUTH END DEEP HOLE, NEAR AMERY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°19'09", long 92°25'33", in SW ¼ NW ¼ sec.25, T.33 N., R.17 W., Polk County, Hydrologic Unit 07030005, near Amery. SURFACE AREA.--2.23 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 25, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 9.5 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 25, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 1.1 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 25.7 00400 pH (standard units) 9.2 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 232 00300 Dissolved oxygen 12.6 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.064 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 37.4 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 10 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 98 00955 Dissolved silica 17.6

07-25-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0 1 D.O. 2 3 W.T. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0 1 S.C. pH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 350 400 450 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

184 460222092083100 WEBB LAKE, NORTH BASIN DEEP HOLE, NEAR WEBB LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°02'22", long 92°08'31", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.17, T.41 N., R.14 W., Burnett County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Webb Lake. SURFACE AREA.--0.68 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 28, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 9.0 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 28, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 2.6 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 26.9 00400 pH (standard units) 8.8 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 143 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.2 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.021 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 6.69 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 5.0 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 62 00955 Dissolved silica 15.1 07-28-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O. 2 W.T.

9 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 67 8910 0

1 S.C. pH 2

9 100 150 200 250 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

185 453902089423200 WEST MITCHELL LAKE, DEEP SPOT, NEAR HARSHAW, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°39'02", long 89°42'32", in NW ¼ SW ¼ sec.35, T.37 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Harshaw. SURFACE AREA.--0.09 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 5, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 2.2 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 5, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) -- 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 2.0 00010 Water temperature, ºC 23.6 00400 pH (standard units) 4.9 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 144 00300 Dissolved oxygen 7.1 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.013 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 0.95 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 25 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 3.7 00955 Dissolved silica 0.553 09-05-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0.0

0.5 D.O. W.T.

1.0

1.5

2.0 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 4 5 6 7 8 0.0

0.5 pH

S.C. 1.0

1.5

2.0 100 150 200 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

186 454300089515900 WILLOW RESERVOIR, DEEP SPOT, NEAR HAZELHURST, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°43'00", long 89°51'59", in NW ¼ NE ¼ sec.9, T.37 N., R.5 E., Oneida County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Hazelhurst. SURFACE AREA.--6.87 mi2. PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 28, 2007. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of about 4.6 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 28, 2007 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Parameter Code Parameter Name Value 00078 Secchi-depth (m) 0.8 82047 Depth to top of sampling interval (m) 0.0 82048 Depth to bottom of sampling interval (m) 1.6 00010 Water temperature, ºC 20.9 00400 pH (standard units) 8.4 00095 Specific conductance (µS/cm) 96 00300 Dissolved oxygen 9.0 00665 Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.048 32210 Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (µg/L) 26.2 00080 Color (platinum cobalt units) 22.5 00417 ANC (as CaCO3) 39.2 00955 Dissolved silica 6.44

08-28-07 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 102 0 0

1 D.O. W.T.

5 0 1020 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 910 0

1 pH

2 S.C.

5 50 60 70 80 90 100 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

187 WISCONSIN WATER SCIENCE CENTER PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is required. Remittance should be sent by check or money order payable to the U.S. Geological Survey. Prices can be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling (303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal articles may be obtained by writing directly to the author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562.

2007 Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., and Rose, W.J., 2007, Response of calcareous Nagawicka Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading. Lake and Reservoir Management, Vol. 23, p. 298-312. Walker, J.F., Saad, D.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate lakes and adjacent groundwater. Water Resources. Research 43(4) W04423, http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2005WR004647.shtml

2006 Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., Goddard, G.L., and Horwatich, J.A., 2006, Water quality, hydrology, and response to changes in phosphorus loading of Nagawicka Lake, a calcareous lake in Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5273, 41p. Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R,, Graczyk, D.J., 2006, Evaluating the effects of nearshore development on Wisconsin lakes. USGS Fact Sheet FS-2006-3033, 4 p. Magnuson, J.J., Benson, B.J., Lenters, J.D, and Robertson, D.M., 2006, Climate driven variability and change, Chapter 7, In Magnuson, J.J., Kratz, T.K, and Benson, B.J eds. Long-term dynamics of lakes in the landscape, Oxford University Press, p 123– 150. Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005 5262, 29 p.

2005 Marzolf, G.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2005, Reservoirs, In Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences: Anderson, M.G., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., v. 4, part 9, John Wiley & Sons, p. 1675-1680. Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5071, 36 p.

2004 Dupre, D.H., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water quality of Nippersink Creek and Wonder Lake, McHenry County, Illinois, 1994–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5085. 188 Rose, W.J., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5141, 32 p.

2003 Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y.F., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p. Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, trace- element, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4225, 141 p. Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2003, Sedimentation and sediment chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03–23, 58 p. Garn, H.S., Elder, J.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Why study lakes? An overview of U.S. Geological Survey lake studies in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–063–03, 8 p. Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, Hydrology, water quality, and yields, from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4144. 64 p. Hunt, R.J., 2003, Ground water-lake interaction modeling using the LAK3 Package for MODFLOW2000: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 114–118. Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2003, Simulating ground water-lake interactions: approaches and insights: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 22, p. 227–237. Hunt, R.J., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Using diverse data types to calibrate a watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin, In MODFLOW and More 2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 600–604. Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4154. 36 p. John, R., Pint, C.D., Anderson, M.P., and Hunt, R.J., 2003, The effects of potential climate change on lake levels and lake capture zones, In MODFLOW and More 2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 212–216.

189 Magnuson, J.J., Krohelski, J.T., Kunkel, K.E., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Wisconsin's waters and climate—historical changes and possible futures, In Wisconsin's waters: a confluence of perspectives: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, p. 23–36. Pint, C.D., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Flow path delineation and ground water age, Allequash Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 7, p. 895–902. Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Garn, H.S., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading, Red Cedar Lakes, Barron and Washburn Counties, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03– 4238, 42 p. Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Muskellunge Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4011, 18 p.

2002 Anderson, M.P., Hunt, R.J., Krohelski, J.T., and Chung, K., 2002, Using high hydraulic conductivity nodes to simulate seepage lakes: Ground Water 40(2), p. 119–124. Garn, H. S., 2002, Effects of lawn fertilizer on nutrient concentration in runoff from lakeshore lawns, Lauderdale Lakes, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4130, 6 p. Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation: Ground Water, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 138– 149. Krohelski, J.T., Lin, Y., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Simulation of Fish, Mud and Crystal Lakes and the shallow ground-water system, Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–20. Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell Marsh and its relationship to Dead Pike Lake Vilas County, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4034. Madenjian, C.P., Fahenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T.F., Venderploeg, H.A., Fleischer, G.W., Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J.R., Rutherford, E.S., Lavis, D.S., Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 59, p. 736–753. Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L, Mergerer, E.A., Rose, W.J., and Garrison, P.J., 2002, Hydrology and water quality of Geneva Lake, Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 02–4039, 73 p. Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River Pools, Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4181, 36 p.

2001 Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping and diversion on the water resources in Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Fact Sheet FS–127–01, 4 p.

190 Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2001, Simulating groundwater-lake interactions with models: MODFLOW and analytic element approaches, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 328–334. Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Simulation of lake stage in two seepage lakes in southcentral Wisconsin using the LAK3 package for MODFLOW, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 411–417.

2000 Elder, J.F., Robertson, D.M., and Garrison, P.J., 2000, Chemical composition of surficial deposits in Geneva Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–121– 00. Elder J.F., Rybicki, N.B., Carter, V.P., and Weintraub, V., 2000, Sources and yields of dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland: Wetlands, vol. 20, no. 1, p.113–125. Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Water flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p. Hunt, R.J., Lin, J., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000, Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4136, 16 p. Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Interacting factors causing exceptional water clarity in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin: Proc. of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. Magnuson, J.J., Robertson, D.M. Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., Livigstone, D.M., Arai, T., Assel, R.A., Barry, R.G., Card, V., Kuusisto, E., Granin, N.G., Prowse, T.D., Stewart, K.M., and Vuglinski, V.S., 2000, Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the northern hemisphere: Science, Vol. 289, No. 5485, p. 1743–1746. Magnuson, J.J., Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Lake and river ice as a powerful indicator of past and present climates: Proc. of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. Robertson, D.M., 2000, One-dimensional simulation of stratification and dissolved oxygen in McCook Reservoir, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4258, 17 p. Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L., Helsel, D.R., and MacKinnon, K.L., 2000, Rehabilitation of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 20, vo. 3, p. 155–176.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4209, 8 p.

191 Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R.H., and Chang, W.Y.B., 2000, Variability in ice cover across the northern hemisphere during the 1900's associated with El Nino events: Proceedings of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4133, 65 p. Johnson, G.P., Hornewer, N.J., Robertson, D.M., and Olson, D.T., 2000, Methodology, data collection, and data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced by aerators and mixers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4101, 72 p. Grannemann, N.G., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J.R. Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The importance of ground water to the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4008, 12 p.

1999 Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 137–146. Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4209, 23 p. Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations following alum treatment using apparent settling velocities: Lakes and Reservoir Management, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 28–38.

1998 Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finite- difference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening model: Ground Water, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–1017. Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow code to MODFLOW— Implementation and benefits, In MODFLOW’98: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the International Ground Water Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p 477–504. Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L., Andren, A.W., and Hurley, J.P., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 55, p. 835–844. Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in phosphorus retention in wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and Reservoir Management, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 466–477. Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Kirby Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–066–98, 4 p.

192 Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions in riparian and lake-dominated systems, In Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 p.

1997 Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess factors affecting phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin wetland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4272, 14 p. Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson Creek Wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4014, 22 p. Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale tests for determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois, In Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, Proceedings of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, USA, p. 57–63. Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes Michigan and Superior—High flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes Research, vol. 23, p. 416–439.

1996 Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent warming and El Nino-related variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 41, p. 815–821. Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a constructed wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–232–96. Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993–94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4235, 29 p. Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 12, p. 487–495. Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number—A quantitative indicator of mixing to be used in water quality management: Scientific Impeller, Solna, Sweden, no. 4, p. 9–15. Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, South-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–197–96. Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1996, Phosphorus dynamics of Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4160, 18 p.

1995 193 Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake Michigan during 1851–1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, p 165–176. Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823–1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, vol. 21, p. 383–386. Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Transient hydrogeological controls on the chemistry of a seepage lake: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 9, p. 2295– 2305. Krohelski, J.T. and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–348, 22 p. Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Long-term hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of a soft water seepage lake in north central Wisconsin: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 199–212.

1994 Elder, J.F., 1994, Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bottom sediments of an experimentally acidified lake: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 251– 259. Goddard, G.L., and Field, S.J., 1994, Hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice Lakes in southeastern Wisconsin, 1990–91: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 94–4101, 36 p. Greb, S.R., and Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemical budgets, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909– 94, Chapter 7, 20 p. Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Babiarz, C.L., and Andren, A.W., 1994, Cycling processes of mercury across sediment/water interfaces in seepage lakes, In Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 426–449. Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Kendall, C., and Gat, J.R., 1994, Use of oxygen-19 and deuterium to assess the hydrology of ground-water/lake systems, In Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 67–90. Robertson, D.M., Anderson, W., and Magnuson, J.J., 1994, Relations between El Nino/Southern Oscillation events and the climate and ice cover of lakes in Wisconsin, In Greenland, D. ed., El Nino and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites: Publication No. 18. LTER Network Office: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., p. 48–57. Robertson, D.M. and Imberger, J. 1994, Lake Number, a quantitative indicator of mixing used to estimate changes in dissolved oxygen, Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 79, p. 159–176. Watras, C.J., Bloom, N.S., Hurley, J.P., Fitzgerald, W.F., Andren, A.W., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Porcella, D.B., 1994, Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in

194 Wisconsin lakes, In Watras and Huckabee eds., Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Intergration and Synthesis, Lewis Pub., Chelsea, MI., p 153–177. Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemistry of snowpack and ground water, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909– 94, chapter 6, 45 p. Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., and Rose, W.J., 1994, Hydrology, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909– 94, chapter 7, 74 p.

1993 Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Powers Lake, southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4126, 36 p. Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4107, 61 p. House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 92–4029, 10 p. House, L.B., Waschbusch, R.J., and Hughes, P.E., 1993, Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987–88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–172, 57 p. Hughes, P.E., 1993, Hydrology, water quality, trophic status, and aquatic plants of Fowler Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4076, 44 p. Rose, W.J., 1993, Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93– 4139, 22 p. Rose, W.J., 1993, Water and phosphorus budgets and trophic state, Balsam Lake, northwestern Wisconsin, 1987–1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4125, 28 p.

1992 Elder, J.F., Krabbenhoft, D.P, and Walker, J.F., 1992, Water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets (WEBB) program: Data availability and research at the northern temperate lakes site, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–48, 15 p. Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C.L., 1992, Role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling: Water Resources Research, vol. 28, no. 12, p. 3119–3128. Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Krohelski, J.T., 1992, Data on water quality, lake sediment, and lake-level fluctuation, St. Croix Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1981–87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–26, 53 p. Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R.A., and Magnuson, J.J. 1992, Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, p. 407–427.

195 1991 Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1991, Hydrology of Lakes Clara and Vandercook in north- central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89–4204, 24 p. Watras, C.J., Andre, A.W., Bloom, N.S., Fitzgerald, W.F., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Rada, R.G., Wiener, J.G., 1991, Mercury in temperate lakes: a mechanistic field study: Verhandlungen Internat. Verein. Limnologie, 24, p. 2199–2202.

Pre-1990 Walker, J.F., Pickard, S.A., and Sonzogni, W.C., 1989 Spreadsheet watershed modeling for nonpoint-source pollution management in a Wisconsin basin: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 139–147. Wentz, D.A., Garrison, P.J., and Bockheim, J.G., 1989, Section 7—Chemical input- output budgets, In Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study (RILWAS)—1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA–6214, p. 7–1 to 7–30. Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1989, Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid- deposition modeling: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 18, p. 147–155. Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1989, Section 5—Hydrologic component, in Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study (RILWAS)—1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA–6214, p. 5–1 to 5–77. Field, S.J., and Duerk, M.D., 1988, Hydrology and water quality of Delavan Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87–4168, 61 p. Krug, W.R., Ostenso, N.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 1988, Prediction of the effects of mine dewatering on four lakes near Crandon, Wisconsin, by use of a water-budget model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87–471, 63 p. Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., Bockheim, J.G., Garrison, P.J., Knauer, D.R., and Goldstein, R.A., 1987, Hydrologic and chemical budgets of Wisconsin lakes, In Perry, R., Harrison, R.M., Bel, J.N.B., and Lester, J.N., eds., Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical Advances, Selper Ltd., London, p. 309–316. House, L.B., 1986, Stage fluctuations of Wisconsin Lakes: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular No. 49, 84 p. House, L.B., 1984, Effects of urbanization on three ponds in Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84–4051, 17 p. Krug, W.R., and House, L.B., 1984, Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 83–4186, 21 p. House, L.B., 1981, An assessment of streamflow, water quality, and the effects of construction on impoundment on Bridge Creek at Augusta, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81–1192, 25 p.

196 Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80–107, 19 p. Batten, W.G., and Hindall, S.M., 1980, Sediment deposition in the White River Reservoir, northwestern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2069, 30 p. Novitzki, R.P., and Devaul, R.W., 1978, Wisconsin Lake Levels – their ups and downs: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Unnumbered report, 11p. Novitzki, R.P., and Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Monthly and annual water budgets of Lake Wingra, Madison, Wisconsin, 1971–77: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79–100, 31 p. Rose, W.J., 1977, Hydrologic considerations associated with dredging spring ponds in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77–18, 35 p. Oakes, E.L., Hendrickson, G.E., and Zuehls, E.E., 1975, Hydrology of the Lake Wingra basin, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 17–75, 31 p. Novitzki, R.P., 1971, Hydrologic investigations of Heart Lake, Green Lake County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 9 p.

197 APPENDIX

Wisconsin Lakes Team Quality-Assurance Plan

Most lake studies and monitoring programs that are conducted by the USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center entail water sampling and analysis to determine water quality and biological productivity. Because all sampling and analysis is subject to error and random variablility, a certain proportion of the sampling effort should include quality-assurance samples. These samples are collected and/or prepared solely for the purpose of assessing the magnitude of error and random variability so that the accuracy and precision of all data can be evaluated. The plan for this quality-assurance sampling is described below.

Three types of QA/QC samples are collected:

blanks Provide information about accuracy and errors due to treatment or reagents replicates provide information about precision (variability) standard additions (spikes) provide information about accuracy and matrix interferences

Blank Sampling

B1. A preservation blank is prepared for each month of lake sampling. This consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water, to which is added any reagents or preservatives that are normally added to natural water samples. The blank is not taken to the field, but is shipped to the laboratory for analysis along with the natural water samples.

This blank sample is analyzed for the Nutrient Group1 and chlorophyll-a.

B2. At one randomly-chosen lake each month, a field blank is prepared. This consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water treated exactly the same as regular samples. During winter, the field blank is analyzed for total phosphorus (TP) only; during summer, it is analyzed for TP and chlorophyll-a, and in the spring it is analyzed for the Nutrient Group and chlorophyll-a.

------1Nutrient Group = all phosphorus and nitrogen species that are commonly determined in lakes (total phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen)

198 Replicate Sampling

R1. At all lakes in the program, triplicate samples are taken near water surface in summer for analysis of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. At two of these lakes, a set of triplicate samples is also taken from near-bottom water, for analysis of total phosphorus.

R2. At three selected lakes in the spring (different lakes each year), triplicate samples are taken near water surface for analysis of Nutrient Group.

R3. At one lake each year, 5 replicate samples are taken near water surface for analysis of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a.

Standard Addition Testing

S1. At Delavan Lake and one other lake (to be determined each year), 5 replicate samples are taken in August for a standard addition (spike) test. The spike consists of addition of a prepared phosphorus solution (standard) of known volume and concentration, such that the expected result of analysis is the natural water TP concentration plus the known addition. One sample from each set will receive no spike (the mean of these gives the natural water TP concentration).

Data and results of replicate sampling and field blank testing in water year 2007 are shown in Table A1.

199 Table A1. Analyses of replicate samples from Wisconsin lakes in water years 2001-2006. See text for procedures used. Phosphorus data in milligrams per liter; chlorophyll data in micrograms per liter. Symbol "<" indicates less than given detection limit (DL); mean and stabdard deviation not calculated for datasets containing values less than DL.

Percent Standard Standard Parameter Lake Date Replicate Data Mean Deviation Deviation Buffalo 7/23/01 0.276 0.275 0.277 0.276 0.001 0.4 Delavan 7/15/01 0.027 0.027 0.031 0.028 0.002 8.2 Delavan 8/19/01 0.031 0.027 0.035 0.031 0.004 12.9 Geneva 7/15/01 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Little Green 7/23/01 0.069 0.074 0.072 0.072 0.003 3.5 Middle 6/17/01 0.012 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.003 18.5 Muskego 4/18/01 0.039 0.044 0.047 0.043 0.004 9.3 Muskego 7/25/01 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.001 1.9 Oconomowoc 7/17/01 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.001 5.6 Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.001 10.0 Okauchee 8/20/01 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.001 8.1 Red Cedar 7/9/01 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.001 3.3 Delavan 7/15/02 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.031 0.028 0.002 8.7 Geneva 7/16/02 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.0 Little Muskego 7/1/02 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.001 3.5 Potter 8/5/02 0.041 0.036 0.042 0.043 0.041 0.041 0.003 6.7 Little St. Germain 7/22/02 0.061 0.060 0.059 0.060 0.001 1.7 Total Phosphorus Delavan 4/14/03 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.000 0.0 Delavan 8/12/03 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.043 0.002 3.6 Lac La Belle 8/19/03 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.002 13.3 Butternut 8/13/03 0.040 0.042 0.041 0.001 3.4 Delavan 7/20/04 0.031 0.020 0.041 0.031 0.011 34.3* Big Cedar 8/18/04 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.001 4.9 Big Cedar, South 7/19/05 0.015 0.015 0.009 0.013 0.003 26.6 Delavan 8/16/05 0.032 0.029 0.027 0.029 0.003 8.6 Middle 8/25/05 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.014 0.002 13.9 Puckaway, West 7/18/05 0.309 0.310 0.313 0.311 0.002 0.7 Upper Nemahbin 8/24/05 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.039 0.023 0.022 0.010 43.5 Big Cedar 8/30/06 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.034 0.002 4.5 Delavan 6/13/06 0.062 0.045 0.054 0.012 22.5 Delavan 8/15/06 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.026 0.028 0.002 6.0 Beulah 8/30/07 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.001 8.8 Delavan 4/16/07 0.040 0.038 0.039 0.001 3.6 Spring 9/6/07 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.001 9.4 Geneva 7/15/01 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.002 10.8 Red Cedar 7/9/01 0.187 0.228 0.262 0.226 0.038 16.6 Total Phosphorus, Wind 7/8/02 0.084 0.089 0.092 0.088 0.004 4.6 near bottom Wind 8/19/03 0.194 0.192 0.165 0.184 0.016 8.8 Wind 7/11/05 0.380 0.378 0.394 0.384 0.009 2.3 Wind 7/10/06 0.380 0.378 0.394 0.384 0.009 2.3 Delavan 7/15/01 0.010 <0.002 <0.007 Geneva 4/17/01 <0.002 <0.002 Dissolved Phosphorus Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Delavan 4/14/03 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.001 2.5 Beulah 8/30/07 <0.002 <0.002

200 Percent Standard Standard Parameter Lake Date Replicate Data Mean Deviation Deviation Delavan 7/15/01 0.026 0.013 0.021 0.020 0.007 32.8 Geneva 4/17/01 0.014 0.022 0.018 0.006 31.4 Muskego 4/18/01 0.086 0.083 0.084 0.084 0.002 1.8 Dissolved Ammonia Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.027 0.028 0.022 0.026 0.003 12.5 Delavan 4/14/03 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 Beulah 8/30/07 0.170 0.190 0.180 0.014 7.9 Delavan 7/15/01 0.560 0.580 0.560 0.567 0.012 2.0 Geneva 4/17/01 0.390 0.390 0.390 0.000 0.0 Muskego 4/18/01 1.200 1.100 1.200 1.167 0.058 4.9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.490 0.500 0.520 0.503 0.015 3.0 Delavan 4/14/03 0.640 0.640 0.620 0.633 0.012 1.8 Beulah 8/30/07 0.510 0.420 0.465 0.064 13.7 Delavan 7/15/01 0.014 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.004 39.2 Geneva 4/17/01 0.113 0.115 0.114 0.001 1.2 Dissolved Nitrate plus Muskego 4/18/01 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.103 0.001 1.0 Nitrite Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.370 0.371 0.369 0.370 0.001 0.3 Delavan 4/14/04 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 Beulah 8/30/07 <0.019 <0.019 Buffalo 7/23/01 14.0 16.0 17.0 15.7 1.5 9.8 Delavan 7/15/01 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.6 0.5 10.8 Geneva 7/15/01 <1.0 <1.0 1.1 Little Green 7/23/01 23.0 24.0 24.0 23.7 0.6 2.4 Middle 6/17/01 1.6 4.7 3.2 2.2 69.6 Muskego 7/25/01 6.6 3.2 3.2 4.3 2.0 45.3 Oconomowoc 7/17/01 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 0.3 9.8 Okauchee 8/20/01 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 Powers 7/25/01 4.8 5.0 5.5 5.1 0.4 7.1 Red Cedar 7/9/01 5.2 3.7 4.5 1.1 23.8 Delavan 7/15/02 9.7 6.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 1.2 14.1 Geneva 7/16/02 0.74 1.00 0.96 0.9 0.1 15.6 Chlorophyll-a (micrograms per liter) Little Muskego 7/1/02 1.74 1.50 1.34 1.5 0.2 13.2 Potter 8/5/02 10.8 10.3 11.9 9.77 11.0 10.8 0.8 7.4 Little St. Germain 7/22/02 63.8 62.2 69.7 65.2 4.0 6.1 Lac La Belle 8/19/03 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.5 0.2 5.3 Butternut 8/13/03 44.00 46.10 45.20 45.1 1.1 2.3 Delavan 7/20/04 10.4 11.6 10.5 10.8 0.7 6.1 Big Cedar 8/18/04 8.36 8.56 8.61 8.51 0.13 1.6 Big Cedar, South 7/19/05 3.13 3.10 2.63 2.95 0.28 9.49 Middle 8/25/05 4.45 4.48 4.82 4.70 4.40 4.58 0.21 4.48 Puckaway, West 7/18/05 174.00 178.00 168.00 173.33 5.03 2.90 Big Cedar, South 8/29/06 8.02 7.56 8.20 7.93 0.33 4.16 Beulah 8/30/07 4.05 3.78 3.92 0.19 4.88 Spring 9/6/07 2.47 2.79 2.63 0.23 8.60 Turbidity, NTU Beulah 8/30/07 <1.0 <1.0 Dissolved Calcium Beulah 8/30/07 42.8 41 41.9 1.273 3.0 Diss. Magnesium Beulah 8/30/07 32.7 31.2 31.95 1.061 3.3 Diss. Potassium Beulah 8/30/07 1.5 1.4 1.45 0.071 4.9 Dissolved Sodium Beulah 8/30/07 8.8 8.5 8.65 0.212 2.5 Beulah 8/30/07 192 193 192.5 0.707 0.4 ANC as CaCO3 Spring 9/6/07 6.6 6.4 6.5 0.141 2.2 Diss. Chloride Beulah 8/30/07 20.3 20.4 20.35 0.071 0.3 Beulah 8/30/07 15.2 15.3 15.25 0.071 0.5 Dissolved Silica Spring 9/6/07 0.105 0.111 0.108 0.004 3.9 Dissolved Sulfate Beulah 8/30/07 26.1 26.2 26.15 0.071 0.3 Dissolved Iron Beulah 8/30/07 <100 <100 Diss. Manganese Beulah 8/30/07 <0.5 <0.5 *Algal bloom on lake. 201

Table A2. Data from tests of blanks, 2001-2007. All data in milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated. < = less than given detection limit; E = estimated value.

Delavan Lake. Analyses at USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. Parameter 2/19/01 4/17/01 7/15/01 2/21/02 4/17/02 7/14/02 2/20/03 4/16/03 4/7/06 6/13/06 8/14/06 4/16/07

Total P E 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 0.006 E 0.002 < 0.004 < 0.004 E 0.002 < 0.004 <0.004 Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 <0.006 <0.006 E0.003 <0.004 Chlorophyll a < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.0260 < 0.0260 < 0.0260 <0.260 Chlorophyll b < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.08 < 0.10 E 0.05 E 0.05 < 0.10 Ammonia (as N) < 0.02 0.037 0.034 < 0.015 Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) < 0.05 E 0.011 0.008 < 0.022

Big Cedar Lake, south site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 4/22/02 8/8/02

Total P < 0.005 < 0.005 Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.002 Chlorophyll a < 1.00 < 0.26 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.14 Ammonia (as N) < 0.013 Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) < 0.010 Calcium, dissolved < 0.20 Magnesium, dissolved < 0.20 Potassium, dissolved < 1.0 Sodium, dissolved < 0.10 Iron, dissolved (micrograms per liter) < 100 per liter) < 1

Lake Beulah at Deep Hole near East Troy, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 4/16/07

Total P <0.005 Dissolved orthophosphate 0.005 Total Kjeldahl <0.14 Dissolved Ammonia <0.15 Dissolved Nitrate plus Nitrite <0.019 Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260 Dissolved Calcium <0.10 Dissolved Magnesium <0.10 Dissolved Potassium <0.10 Dissolved Sodium 0.200 ANC as CaCO3 <2 Dissolved Chloride <1.0 Dissolved Silica <0.22 Dissolved Sulfate <4.5 Dissolved Iron <100 Dissolved Manganese <0.5

Little Cedar Lake, south site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 4/29/03

Total P < 0.005 Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.002 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.14 Ammonia (as N) < 0.013 Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) 0.016

Little Cedar Lake, North site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 2/21/03

Total P < 0.005

202 Table A2. -- continued

Rolling Stone Lake near Pickerel, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 8/29/07

Total P <0.005 Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260 ANC as CaCO3 2 Dissolved Silica <0.022

Wind Lake at Wind Lake, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI Parameter 6/13/06

Total P < 0.005 Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260

203 Table A3. Data (for 2003-2007) from standard addition tests using stock solution containing 5.00 mg/L phosphorus. See text for detail of procedures. All concentration data in milligrams per liter.

Original Stock Solution Final Actual Sample Volume Added Expected Detected Percent Lake, Date Concentration (milliliters) Concentration Concentration Recovery Delavan, August 12, 2003 0.043 0.310 0.056 0.058 116% 0.043 1.250 0.094 0.099 108%

Delavan, August 16, 2005 0.029 0.188 0.036 0.037 103% 0.029 0.75 0.059 0.063 107%

No Spike data in 2006

No Spike data in 2007

204