Geology of the ."Norwood Quadrangle ' Norfolk and Suffolk , Counties, Massachusetts
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^ Geology of the ."Norwood Quadrangle ' Norfolk and Suffolk , Counties, Massachusetts By NEWTON E. CHUTE > GEOLOGY OF SELECTED QUADRANGLES IN MASSACHUSETTS ^ ______________________________________________________________________ ., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1163-B Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ^ Department of Public Works UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Huge Abstract__ ______________________________________________________ Bl Introduction._____________________________________________________ 2 Acknowledgments _________________________________________________ 2 Topography^ _____________________________._____________________ _ 3 Bedrock geology..______-_--_-____-____-___-_-_-______-_--_________ 3 General features___-------_--------_-_----------------_---.---- 3 Pre-Carboniferous rocks.____-_-_---____--___-___________.______ 4 Metam orphic rocks ________________________________________ 4 Amphibolite and metarhyolite_---------_------__-------- 4 Amphibolite.---_-----_----------_------__-___--__ 4 Metarhyolite_ ___________________________________ 5 Green Lodge Formation of Rhodes and Graves (1931)___.__ 7 Phyllite.-----------------------------------.----.---- 8 Igneous rocks_--_-----_--------_--------_--_--_-__--_.-_-- 8 Salem Gabbro-Diorite----------------.-------.____.___. 8 Newburyport Quartz Diorite__------_---_-._____________ 11 Dedham Granodiorite.--.---__-----_-_--___________-___ 12 Westwood Granite..__---_-__------_-_-_-__________--__ 14 Carboniferous or older igneous rocks _____________________________ 20 Diorite-.-------------------------------------------.----- 21 Sharon Syenite----------------------------------.---.----- 22 Fine-grained granite_______________________________________ 22 Aplite--------------------------------------------------- 22 Devonian or Carboniferous rocks.._______________________________ 23 Igneous rocks__-_-_----__-_---_--_------_----__--_______-_ 23 Mattapan Volcanic Complex.___________________________ 23 Gray felsites--_----------_------_-_-_-_-______.___ 25 Pink porphyritic rhyolite._--_--------------____-___ 26 Pyroclastic rocks__-_-_-_------------___________--- 26 Felsite dikes---------------------------.----.--------- 27 Blue Hill Granite Porphyry..... _.__..__......._._. 27 Sedimentary rocks._--.._-----_-------------___---_-___---. 28 Roxbury Conglomerate.--------------------------..---- 28 Carboniferous rocks_--_-__-__-----------------------__.__--_. 30 Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks.___________________________ 30 Pondville Conglomerate.--------------------------.---- 30 Wamsutta Formation-.-_-_-__-___-__-_-____-______-___ 32 Correlations_--_--_-_---__--_-------_-___---_______-_ 33 Dikes of diverse ages__----------------------------_---__--_---- 34 Metam orphism __ ____.____-__-__--_------_--------_-_--_-______---- 37 Structural geology.___-__-----------------_----------------___----- 39 Folds.------------------------------------------------------- 39 Faults..-.---------------------------------------------------- 40 Joints...-------.--------------------------------------------- 43 in IV CONTENTS Page Surficial geology.___________'_--___--_-_-_----_-----_-_----_______-_ B44 Buried valleys.__._______-__-___-_-_-----__---___-___--______-_ 44 Glacial erosion.__-_-_______-_--_____---_-_-_-_______._____.___ 48 Glacial deposits_____._____-__--____------___-_-_-__.___-____-_ 48 Unstratified deposits._____-_______________________'_________ 48 Ground moraine.--_-_-__--------_---_-__-__--_________ 48 Drumlins.____________________________________________ 50 FlowtilL____-____--_-------_-_--_-__--_-----_-_____-- 51 Stratified deposits_______'__________________________________ 51 Kames and kame fields.--------- --------------------- 51 Ice-channel deposits____________-_________-_-___-.__.-- 52 Kame terraces__________--_------_-__-_--------------- 54 Kame plains______-__-_- __--------____---------___.- 55 Delta outwash plain.__________________________________ 57 Alluvial fans.________----_-_----_-_----------_-_--_.-- 58 Outwash plains-...---------------------.-------------- 58 Unclassified sand and gravel deposits.---.________________ 59 Varved lake clays---.------------------------------.--- 59 Eolian deposits.___________________________________________ 60 Weathering of the glacial deposits.___-_-______--__-_-_______ GO Postglacial deposits.___________________________________________ 62 Swamp deposits___________________________________________ 62 Artificial fill._.__ ...._____.___.____...._______.....____.__ 63 Mineral resources_______________-______-_-_--________-_-----___-_ 63 Sand and gravel-______________________________________________ 63 Loam_______________________-______---_---...._-------_-._.-- 66 Peat._________.__-_-____-_-.----_--_---.----_-.-------.------ 67 Diatomite __________________----_____-_---______--------____-_ 67 Building stone__-_____-___--__---_------_-__._____---_-___-_-- 67 Crushed stone_.-_-_____-_--------------------_--------_-._-- 68 Geologic history.____________._____.-_-___-----_______-____-_______ 69 References cited._-__---___.-..-__.-_-_-.__---_-__-_ -_____._______-_ 71 Index----_______-______.____^_________________________.___________ 75 CONTENTS ILLUSfRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Bedrock geologic map and sections. 2. Surficial geologic map. FIGURES 1-5. Photographs of: Page 1. Pegmatitic Salem Gabbro-Dioritc---------------- B9 2. Hybrid variety of Westwood Granite with inclusions of Salem Gabbro-Diorite.--------------------- 17 3. Intrusion breccia formed by the Westwood Granite. 18 4. Vertical Carboniferous metadiabase dike cutting a horizontal older spilitic diabase dike.----------- 36 5. Triassic diabase dike having columnar structure.. _. 37 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Materials found in selected borings in the Neponset River buried valley.--._--________-______.__...___.______. B47 V GEOLOGY OF SELECTED QUADRANGLES IN MASSACHUSETTS GEOLOGY OF THE NORWOOD QUADRANGLE, NORFOLK AND SUFFOLK COUNTIES, MASSACHUSETTS By NEWTON E. CHUTE ABSTRACT The Norwood 7%-minute quadrangle, an area of about 55 square miles, south west of Boston, Mass., has moderate relief and is drained mainly by the north eastward-flowing Neponset River. The bedrock is mostly igneous and sedimentary rocks. There are a few roof pendants or inclusions of metarhyolite and amphibolite of unknown age in the southeast corner, of quartzite and phyllite of the Cambrian Green Lodge Formation of Rhodes and Graves (1931) in the northeastern part, and of a phyllite of unknown but possible Cambrian age in the southwestern part. The area has four distinct groups of late Pre- cambrian(?) and Paleozoic intrusive rocks which, from oldest to youngest, are (1) Salem Gabbro-Diorite, Newburyport Quartz Diorite, Dedham Granodiorite, and Westwood Granite, (2) diorite, Sharon Syenite, fine-grained granite, and aplite, (3) Blue Hill Granite Porphyry, and (4) diabase dikes. All these rocks are younger than the first regional metamorphism shown by the amphibolite and metarhyolite. Group (1) may be Precambrian or early to middle Paleozoic; group (2) is intermediate in age between groups (1) and (3) ; group (3) is Devonian or Carboniferous, and group (4) dikes are mostly Carboniferous, as many intrude the other Paleozoic igneous rocks and predate the late Paleozoic metamorphism, but some may be pre-Carboniferous. Olivine diabase dikes, considered to be Triassic, are the youngest of the igneous rocks. The Mattapan Volcanic Complex of flows, pyroclastics, dikes, and small plutons of Devonian or Carboniferous age is widespread in the northwestern part of the quadrangle. The Roxbury Conglomerate of Devonian or Carboniferous age underlies a small area in the northeastern part of the quadrangle. The Pondville Conglomerate and the Wamsutta Formation of Pennsylvanian age occupy the Norfolk basin, a faulted syncline that crosses the southern part of the quadrangle. Two orogenies one represented by northwest-trending structures in the am phibolite and metarhyolite and the other by northeastward-trending structures in the younger rocks are recognized in the quadrangle. The Carboniferous basin sedimentary rocks were folded and much faulted during the second or Appalachian orogeny late in the Paleozoic. Of the faults inferred, two, one of which is known as the Stony Brook fault, have northward trends, and seven Bl B2 GEOLOGY OF SELECTED QUADRANGLES IN MASSACHUSETTS others have more easterly trends. This second orogeny also caused low-grade regional metamorphism of the greenschist facies, best shown by the mafic rocks. Glacial deposits cover much of the quadrangle area and include ground moraine, drmnlins, kames, ice-channel fillings, karne terraces, kame plains, a delta outwash plain, outwash plains, and unclassified sand and gravel deposits. Recent deposits are thin and include swamp deposits and artificial fill. The principal deposits of commercial value in the quadrangle are sand and gravel derived from the glacial deposits. Some of the bedrock formations are potential sources of building stone and crushed rock. INTRODUCTION The Norwood quadrangle comprises an area of about 55 square miles in eastern Massachusetts, southwest of Boston. It includes all of Norwood, part of the Hyde Park and Eeadville sections of Boston, and parts of Milton, Dedham,