FACES AND PLACES
appointments Nigel Smith to become director of SNOLAB…
Nigel Smith is to be the new director of the astrophysics from Leeds in 1991. He then SNOLAB International Underground Science served as a lecturer at Leeds and a research Facility in Sudbury, Ontario, with effect from associate at Imperial College London before 1 June. He will replace Tony Noble who has moving to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory served as SNOLAB’s director for three years. as group leader 1998. His early research Smith is currently deputy divisional head work was in studies of ultra-high-energy (with responsibility for precision weak physics) gamma rays from astrophysical sources using and group leader (for dark matter) at the UK’s extensive air-shower arrays in the UK and at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. He is also the South Pole. project manager for the Boulby Underground Since 1992 he has been actively involved Facility in northern England and the ZEPLIN III in the development and operation of Dark Matter experiment, as well as a visiting underground detectors to search for weakly professor at Imperial College, London. interacting dark-matter particles and has Smith received his BSc from Leeds been a leader of the research programme at University in 1985, followed by a PhD in Nigel Smith will move to Ontario. (Courtesy STFC.) the Boulby underground facility. …and Mnich takes over as DESY’s research director
Joachim Mnich has taken over as research the L3 experiment at LEP at CERN, from director of the high-energy physics and 1988 to 1999. He earned his habilitation astrophysics sector at DESY. He succeeds (post-doctoral) qualification from Rolf-Dieter Heuer, who took over as RWTH Aachen in 1995 and accepted a director-general of CERN on 1 January (p15). professorship there in 2000. Mnich grew up in the Rhineland and In 2005 he became the leading senior studied physics and electrical engineering scientist at DESY and professor at the at RWTH Aachen. He wrote his doctoral University of Hamburg. From 2006 to 2007 he thesis on the Mark J experiment at the was head of the CMS group at DESY, before PETRA electron–positron storage ring being appointed deputy to Heuer on the DESY at DESY. He then moved on to work on The new DESY research director. (Courtesy DESY.) board of directors. TU Darmstadt appoints Rüdiger Schmidt as honorary professor
The Technische Universität (TU) Darmstadt CERN and the Institute of Nuclear Physics at has appointed CERN’s Rüdiger Schmidt as TU Darmstadt have worked together for many an honorary professor. The distinction is in years on the development of superconducting recognition of his annual contribution, since cavities for accelerator applications, under 2001, to education at the university’s physics the leadership of Achim Richter. Current department on the topic of accelerator physics. collaborative work between CERN and Schmidt joined CERN after receiving his TU Darmstadt, led by Schmidt and Norbert PhD from the University of Hamburg in 1984 Pietralla from Darmstadt, focuses on the and has been involved in several accelerator protection of accelerators operating with high projects, including the SPS proton–antiproton beam intensity, in particular the LHC. collider, LEP and the LHC. For several years The academic co-operation between he headed the programme for technical and CERN and TU Darmstadt has also fostered doctoral students and participated in the the education of students in accelerator CERN Accelerator School, both as lecturer physics since the mid-1980s, when Herbert and as tutor. He has supervised many Lengeler began teaching an annual course on students, several at PhD level. Rüdiger Schmidt (left) and Achim Richter celebrate accelerator physics at Darmstadt before he The Superconducting Cavity Group at the appointment. (Courtesy TU Darmstadt.) retired and was succeeded by Schmidt.
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awards Darriulat receives André Lagarrigue Prize
Pierre Darriulat, a former research director à l’Énergie Atomique, the Lawrence Berkeley of CERN and now professor of physics at the Laboratory and CERN from 1964 onwards. Vietnam Auger Training Laboratory (VATLY) At CERN he managed the experiments in Hanoi, has been awarded the 2008 André at the Intersecting Storage Rings before Lagarrigue Prize. taking charge of the UA2 collaboration from The prize, instituted by the Linear 1980 to 1986. UA2 participated in decisive Accelerator Laboratory at Orsay under discoveries at the SPS proton–antiproton the aegis of the French Physical Society, collider, in particular with the observation in is for front-line researchers who have had 1982 of high-transverse-momentum quark responsibility for machine or detector jets coming from collisions in the collider, construction performed in a French laboratory followed by the W and Z bosons in 1983. or in close collaboration with French groups, As research director at CERN from 1987 and who have derived the maximum scientific to 1994, Darriulat supervised the LEP benefit from such projects. experiment programme. After his retirement Darriulat has been honoured in recognition Pierre Darriulat founded the VATLY laboratory in he founded VATLY, a facility dedicated to of his outstanding career at the Commissariat Hanoi during his retirement. (Courtesy VATLY.) studying high-energy cosmic rays.
Scandale (left) receives the Order of Merit from Italy’s consul-general. (Courtesy W Scandale.) Italy honours Walter Scandale
On 9 December 2008, CERN’s Walter Scandale received the decoration of Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, one of Italy’s highest decorations. He was Doctor Honoris Causa John Ellis in his laurel wreath surrounded by Uppsala University colleagues, from awarded the medal by the consul-general the left Johan Rathsman, Richard Brenner, Olga Botner, John Ellis himself, Tord Ekelöf, Allan Hallgren of Italy in Geneva on behalf of the President and Gunnar Ingelman. (Courtesy Uppsala University.) of the Italian Republic in recognition of his services to Italy in the field of science. The citation described his work in helping Uppsala awards honorary degree to Ellis Italian physicists to integrate socially at CERN and in evaluating national technical On the 23 January, John Ellis, a senior staff fundamental theories in elementary particle and scientific programmes proposed by the physicist of CERN’s Theory Unit, was awarded physics, including supersymmetry, and their Italian research agency INFN. In addition, the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa at implications for cosmology, and for the vital his numerous international contacts and Uppsala University. role he has played in the scientific motivation collaborations with laboratories worldwide The honour is in recognition of his leading and promotion of future large particle- have contributed to enhancing the know-how of contributions to the development of the accelerator projects. Italian partners in the field of particle physics.
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anniversary Singapore meeting recalls 75 years since Solvay 1933
The conference in Singapore attracted a large number of participants. (Photos courtesy NTU.) CERN’s Tatsuya Nakada was one of the speakers.
On 27–29 November 2008, more than neutrino hypothesis by Wolfgang Pauli at the Daniel Green on CMS, Jim Thomas on 120 physicists from around the world congress, followed by the publication of the discoveries at RHIC, Tatsuya Nakada on gathered at the Nanyang Executive Centre in paper on four-fermion interactions by Enrico flavour physics at the LHC, Takaaki Kajita on Singapore to reflect on progress in particle Fermi, dated 31 December, 1933 was indeed neutrino oscillations and Yifang Wang on the physics and look to exciting new frontiers at a seminal year. Seventy-five years later, the Daya Bay experiment. the Particle, Astrophysics and Quantum Field field of particle physics has now crossed a ●● The conference was organized by the Theory conference. new threshold with the recent inauguration Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang The meeting took place 75 years after the of the LHC. Technological University (NTU), and Solvay Congress of October 1933, which Eminent speakers at the meeting in co-sponsored by the National University of featured, among others, the accelerator Singapore included Gerard ’t Hooft, Martin Singapore. For further information, see www. pioneers John Cockcroft and Ernest Perl, Harald Fritzsch and Kazuo Fujikawa. ntu.edu.sg/ias/upcomingevents/PAQFT08/ Lawrence. With the public airing of the Reports on current experiments included Pages/default.aspx.
workshop Diffraction attracts physicists to the Riviera
Last September, the Mediterranean “soft” and “hard” phenomena of strong Fermilab, and in anticipation of the LHC era, resort of La Londe-les-Maures, France, interactions. This is reflected in the variety of the focus is now shifting towards diffractive welcomed participants to the International theoretical approaches, which can be based phenomena at hadronic colliders. Workshop on Diffraction in High-Energy on perturbative quarks and gluons, take There were reports on new diffraction Physics, “Diffraction 2008”. With a rich and inspiration from Regge-theory for Pomeron results from the Tevatron,as well as prospects multifaceted scientific programme, the fifth exchange or introduce new degrees of freedom for the LHC, from Dino Goulianos of the meeting in this series of biennial workshops characteristic of strongly coupled theories. Rockefeller University and Risto Orava from proved a particular hit, attracting 110 DESY’s electron–proton collider, HERA, Helsinki. One burning topic concerned the participants from 20 countries. has dominated the experimental study of production of central systems separated from In a nutshell, diffraction in particle physics diffraction over the past decade. Although the protons by large rapidity gaps, a major refers to hadronic collisions at high energies data-taking at HERA has now stopped, new goal being the double-diffractive production and moderate momentum-transfers. Such analyses continue to appear, as DESY’s Voica of Higgs bosons at the LHC. Subtle details processes are dominated by the vacuum Radescu revealed. The ZEUS, H1 and HERMES of this calculation sparked many lively quantum-number exchange known as the collaborations also presented their recent discussions during the workshop. Pomeron, whose nature and properties results on inclusive and various exclusive The spin-physics programme was are still unclear. Diffraction provides the reactions, in particular on deeply-virtual exceptionally rich this time. Barbara Badelek opportunity to scan the “hardness” of the Compton scattering, which theorists are of Warsaw reviewed new results from the interaction in a broad region, making it a actively studying. With new data from the COMPASS experiment at CERN and there unique tool for studying the interplay between Tevatron proton–antiproton collider at were also reports on new data from the CEBAF
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Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab, HERMES at DESY, as well as the PHENIX and STAR experiments at RHIC at Brookhaven. There are currently various proposals for phenomenological approaches to spin asymmetries in hadronic reactions to improve understanding of the proton’s spin structure. The theory part of the workshop benefited from talks on the rise of the total cross-section, presented by CERN’s André Martin, Claude Bourrely of the Université de la Méditerranée, and Peter Landshoff of Cambridge. Perturbative QCD approaches based on the Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov– Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) and the Balitsky– Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) equations also dominated the theory presentations. These govern the evolution of the nucleon structure as the process becomes “harder” or more energetic. Joachim Bartels of Hamburg, Lev Lipatov of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute and Victor Fadin of the Budker A Renaissance-style castle, overlooking the splendid scenery of the French Riviera, provided a Institute of Nuclear Physics presented new refreshing atmosphere for the participants at Diffraction 2008. (Courtesy Diffraction 2008.) results on the properties of the BFKL equation, while several younger theorists discussed its workshop. One topic that has particularly Téramond of the University of Costa Rica application to various processes. flourished in recent years is AdS/QCD – and Yuri Kovchegov of Ohio State University There is an ever increasing consensus QCD in terms of the anti-de-Sitter space/ explained the emergent picture of hadrons in that new nonlinear collective-QCD conformal field theory correspondence. this approach. phenomena become increasingly important This is a vast programme exploiting duality ●● Diffraction 2008 was co-organized by at high energies. These do not simply between higher-dimensional gravity and Université de la Méditerraneée and IN2P3; call for modifications of the BFKL and certain four-dimensional gauge theories to DESY-Hamburg, Università della Calabria and DGLAP approaches but may require a new gain insight into strong interactions at large INFN, and Temple University, Philadelphia. For language and formalism. Examples of this coupling, when the perturbative methods further details of the programme, visit www. metamorphosis were presented at the fail. Stanley Brodsky from SLAC, Guy de cs.infn.it/diff2008.
meetings
PHIPSI09, the International Workshop on of existing and future facilities. For more 100th anniversary of the first Rutherford e+e– collisions from Phi to Psi – 2009, will be information, see http://bes.ihep.ac.cn/ back-scattering (RBS) experiment, this held at the Institute of High Energy Physics, conference/phipsi09/index.htm; or e-mail biennial conference plans to celebrate the Beijing, from 13 to 16 October. The sixth in [email protected]. developments that have taken place over the a series that started in 1999, the goal is to past 100 years to make the RBS technique discuss in detail the state of the art of various The 19th Ion Beam Analysis Conference so invaluable in understanding materials and problems in hadronic physics at e+e– colliders is to take place on 7–11 September at the surfaces. For further information, see www. from low to high energy, and the potential University of Cambridge. In the year of the iba2009.org/.
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obituaries Giuseppe Cocconi 1914–2008
Giuseppe Cocconi, a central figure in particle the Cocconi-Morrison paper continues today. physics and cosmic rays, passed away at the In 1963 Giuseppe and Vanna joined CERN beginning of November aged 94. and he, Alan Wetherell, Bert Diddens and Born and raised in Como, it was there others formed a group working at the PS on that Giuseppe developed his passion for proton–proton scattering. They found that astronomy. Following the advice of a friend the slope of the diffraction peak shrinks and fellow astronomer, he went to study with energy, a phenomenon that was soon physics at Milan University. Shortly after interpreted as a manifestation of the exchange completing his studies, he was invited by of Regge-poles – the so-called Pomeron. Edoardo Amaldi to go to Rome in February Giuseppe was Director of Research at CERN 1938 and spend six months at the Institute from 1967 to 1969. He was enthusiastic of Physics where work on cosmic rays was about the perspective promised by the starting. There, Giuseppe met Enrico Fermi, Intersecting Storage Rings, and his group Gilberto Bernardini, and others. With Fermi in joined forces with Ugo Amaldi, Giorgio particular, he worked on the construction of a Matthiae and their team from Rome that had cloud chamber to study meson decay. Cocconi. (Courtesy Anna Sinclair Cocconi.) proposed to study small-angle proton–proton In August 1938, back in Milan, Giuseppe scattering with the technology now known as laid the foundations there for research into Vanna and/or Kenneth Greisen. The range “Roman pots”. This led to the discovery that cosmic rays. He worked mainly with Geiger of subjects is very wide, from extensive the proton–proton cross-section rises with counters at sea level and at Plateau Rosà and air-showers and penetrating showers – energy, showing that the proton expands with Passo Sella, in the Alps, until 1942, when he including very high-energy showers hinting at energy, and the correlated discovery that was called for military service to do infrared galactic or even extragalactic origin – to the the nuclear–Coulomb interference becomes research work in Rome for the Italian Air interaction of very high-energy cosmic-ray positive at high energy (as predicted by Force. While in Milan, he met Vanna Tongiorgi, particles with matter and considerations on dispersion relations). who was his student. They co-authored a first the origin of cosmic rays. Also noteworthy are Later Giuseppe and the CERN–Rome paper in 1939 on the nature of secondary the observation of neutrons as a component collaboration moved to neutrino physics and, radiation in cosmic rays and married in 1945. of cosmic radiation (with the accompanying together with the group led by Klaus Winter, In 1942, Giuseppe was appointed professor phenomenon now known as spallation) and formed the CERN–Hamburg–Amsterdam– at Catania University, a post that he took up Giuseppe’s “fireball” model for ultrarelativistic Rome collaboration. Giuseppe was especially only at the end of 1944, owing to the fighting nucleon–nucleon collisions. interested in the delicate measurement of the during the Second World War. During sabbatical leave at CERN in elastic scattering of neutrinos on electrons. Giuseppe’s decade of cosmic-ray work in 1959–61, Giuseppe, with his experience After retirement in 1979, he maintained an Italy concluded with the publication of five at the Cosmotron and with cosmic rays, active interest in experimental work at CERN articles and a letter in the December 1946 contributed to setting up the experimental and in the progress of the new accelerators. issue of Physical Review. Shortly after, in programme for the PS – which came into At same time he followed progress in the field 1947, he received an offer from Hans Bethe operation in November 1959. He performed of cosmic rays and astrophysics. of a post at Cornell University where work a series of measurements on proton–proton Giuseppe enjoyed the respect of many on cosmic rays was being reorganized after elastic and inelastic scattering and great physicists. As a man of culture and Bruno Rossi had moved to MIT. Giuseppe proton–nuclei total cross-sections. Back vision, he was curious and attentive to what remained at Cornell as a full professor until in the US he continued this programme at was going on in the world, not only in the 1963. Together with Vanna he performed the Brookhaven accelerator to measure field of physics. He was also kind and ready cosmic-ray experiments at the university large-angle scattering for two more years. to listen, straightforward but humble in his and at Echo Lake in the Rocky Mountains. Giuseppe wrote his most widely known relations with his colleagues, always ready to After Cornell’s electron synchrotron paper with Philip Morrison at a time both admire other people’s success, and happy to and Brookhaven’s Cosmotron became were visiting CERN. In this paper, published share his knowledge with juniors. His refusal operational, Giuseppe, a good friend of Albert by Nature in September 1959, they showed to associate with academies, and his lack of Silverman and Bob Wilson, alternated his that the best frequency to search for interest in prizes and honours, as well as his work between cosmic rays and accelerators. signals from intelligent extraterrestrials wish after his retirement not to talk publicly Giuseppe’s cosmic-ray work in Italy and is 1420 MHz, corresponding to the 21 cm of his scientific life, are well known. He was a the US appears in about a hundred papers, line of neutral hydrogen. The Search for great physicist. most of them written either alone or with Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) based on His colleagues and friends.
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Franco Bonaudi 1928–2008
Franco Bonaudi, one of the true pioneers of CERN’s accelerators, passed away on 21 December 2008. Even before the first provisional CERN Council meeting of May 1952, Franco, a young research engineer at the Politechnico di Torino agreed to go to Liverpool, at Edoardo Amaldi’s request, to learn about synchrocyclotrons and join the study group led by Cornelius Bakker for the first CERN accelerator, the 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron. Two years later, from a barrack in the centre of the Meyrin construction site, he quickly learnt how to deal successfully with industrial partners, a skill he continued to use in leading the apparatus-layout group of the PS and throughout his career at CERN. Franco Bonaudi in Italy in 2008. (Courtesy Monique Bonaudi.) In 1963 he spent a year’s sabbatical at the Stanford 20 GeV linear accelerator, colleagues. Joining the UA2 experiment led helped his lifelong friend, the late Sergio where he helped design the experimental by Pierre Darriulat, he participated in the Fubini, to establish with Eliezer Rabinovici a areas and establish a successful exchange discovery of the W and Z bosons, CERN’s scientific “peace-bridge” in the Middle East, programme of physicists and engineers Nobel Prize-winning successes of 1984. which later led to the creation of the SESAME between SLAC and CERN. On his return he In 1983, Emilio Picasso, the new project synchrotron-radiation laboratory in Jordan. designed the future experimental areas of leader for LEP, asked him to bring his He appreciated life to the full, enjoying the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), and in talents to the management team and take music and the arts. He was particularly 1967 took responsibility for the ISR General responsibility for the design and construction knowledgeable about classic films. Always Layout Group. The ISR saw its first colliding of the experimental areas. Once the LEP curious and with a range of interests, he beams on 27 January 1971, by which time beams were successfully circulating in 1989 was a great conversationalist; fascinated by Franco was fully occupied in the installation of and the experiments taking data, Franco language and languages, he took classes experiments as leader of the ISR Experimental became scientific secretary of the Detector in Swiss-German and Russian to add to his Support Group. Research & Development Committee, a new near-perfect English, French, German and Franco was CERN’s Director of Accelerators committee advising the research board and native Piedmontese and Italian. He was from 1976 to 1978. This was a crucial period the director-general on the numerous detector always receptive and scrupulously fair and, when the SPS was turned on, Carlo Rubbia’s development projects looking forward to above all, a leader remembered with gratitude idea of converting the new ring into a pp– very-high-rate, 14 TeV collisions in the LHC. and respect by all who worked with him. collider was shown to be feasible; and the Franco retired from CERN in March 1993 Franco’s mark on the first four decades of Initial Cooling Experiment ring proved that a after 41 years of dedicated work. For many CERN’s existence is such that the inscription successful antiproton accumulator could be years he continued his scientific work as on the tomb of the architect Sir Christopher built using Simon Van der Meer’s stochastic a member of advisory committees for the Wren would be equally appropriate: “Si cooling. But Franco never felt at home in European Southern Observatory and INFN monumentum requiris circumspice”. For the directorate and much preferred working Frascati, as well as giving accelerator physics Franco’s memorial, just look around CERN. directly with his engineering and physics seminars and courses in Torino. He also His friends and colleagues. Neil Tanner 1930–2008
Neil William Tanner, who was well known graduation from Melbourne University in with Tony French on the reactions leading to over many years among the international 1953, was awarded an Overseas Scholarship the production of 12C in stars. nuclear physics community, passed away on by the Commission for the 1851 Exhibition. On gaining his doctorate, Neil went to 11 December 2008. He joined the nuclear structure group in the California Institute of Technology, at the Neil was born in Melbourne and, on Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge, working invitation of W A Fowler, to continue his
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studies in nuclear structure on the negative aspects of college admissions Van de Graaff machines there. While there procedures, he initiated changes that he made important measurements on the helped applicants from state schools and limits of parity violation in strong interactions, improved the academic standing of the before returning to England to take up a college. Outraged protests from those whose research post in the new department of privileged positions had been undermined nuclear physics set up by Denys Wilkinson at dwindled as the justice and the benefits of the Oxford University. reforms became apparent. Using the tandem accelerators at Harwell Neil was also an enthusiastic supporter of and Aldermaston, and later the coupled the college boat club and was instrumental in electrostatic accelerators in Oxford, Neil the construction of a new college boathouse. supervised an expanding group of students After retirement he became the iconic patron exploiting new ion beams and new detectors, of the physics society, named in his honour. such as multigap spectrometers, to explore In the 1990s, Neil turned his attention the theory of the giant dipole resonance to neutrino studies, strengthening the and resonance fluctuations. In the 1960s, Oxford-based group at the Sudbury Neutrino interest in pion physics brought him to the Observatory in Ontario, Canada. He made Synchrocyclotron at CERN and his close important contributions to the optical design association with Ernst Michaelis helped him of the detectors and to the reduction of to become a valued member of the team. backgrounds. Soon after arriving in Oxford, Neil was Neil married in 1956 and is survived by his elected to a Fellowship at Hertford College, wife, Margaret, and by a daughter and two where he quickly went beyond his expected Nuclear physicist Neil Tanner (Courtesy Oxford sons. role as a dedicated tutor. Concerned about Physics Department.) Friends and colleagues. Silicon for HEP Charge sensitive preamplifiers Gaussian shaping perfect for radiation amplifiers detection!
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