34th Session of CERN Council

The 34th Session of the CERN Council was held on 14 and 15 June under the Chairmanship of Dr. G. Funke.

It became obvious that the results would The Director General also referred to Progress Report not tie up easily with results previously the analysis of the decay of the eta meson obtained at much lower momenta at Berke• into two charged pions and a gamma, The Director General, Professor B. ley. The momentum region (around 9 which gave no evidence of the violation of Gregory, singled out a few significant GeV/c) in between that covered at Berke• charge symmetry in the electromagnetic experimental results from the research over ley and that covered at CERN was there• interaction. (This was covered in CERN the past six months. fore investigated and revealed an anomaly COURIER vol. 7 p. 45.) One of the most interesting, and puzzling, in the behaviour of the cross-section. A Conference, organized by the Weiz- recent results came from an experiment on Another experiment involving groups mann Institute and CERN, held at Rehovoth large-angle proton-proton scattering. When from CERN and Liverpool University, UK, in February, showed the great interest in high energy protons are directed onto a using the hydrogen bubble chambers, nuclear structure research at present. hydrogen target, the resulting scattered and found two resonances (one of them About 90 % of the experiments on the 600 recoil protons come off from the target pre- possibly identical with a resonance identi• MeV synchro-cyclotron at CERN are now dominently travelling in the direction of the fied in a missing mass spectrometer devoted to nuclear structure problems. incident beam. Very few emerge at large experiment at CERN). They used anti- angles, up to 90° to the direction of the proton beams of momenta 3 and 2.5 GeV/c Improvement Programme and ISR incident beam (in the centre-of-mass and measured the annihilations with the system) ; in other words the cross-section protons in the chambers resulting in six The improvement programme for the for large angle scattering is very low. observed pions (three positive and three existing CERN facilities can be considered However, using a slow ejected proton beam negative). They were able to show that in two parts — that concerned with particle has produced a sufficient number of these there are two resonances, at 1717 MeV and detection equipment and that concerned events to make it possible to investigate 1832 MeV, which decay into four pions. with the 28 GeV proton synchrotron itself. this region. At a given momentum the A missing mass spectrometer experiment, Progress has been made this year on two cross-section falls off exponentially as the which yields high precision in the measure• items of future detection equipment. One angle increases and this can be charac• ment of particle mass, showed a two-peak is the very large hydrogen bubble chamber terized by a scattering parameter. This structure for the-A2 meson, indicating that project (discussed separately below) ; the parameter was determined at 20 GeV/c there are probably two separate particles other is the item for electronics and then at progressively lower momenta. in that mass region. experiments. A working group has been set up to draw up the specification and to design a large magnetic spark-chamber. The aim is to set-up an array of spark chambers in a magnetic field of large volume. The project is known as the 'Omega project' and it is hoped to present a report from the working group by the end of the year. On the proton synchrotron, the first phase to increase the repetition rate of the machine, is progressing well. The motor- alternator set of the new power supply for the main magnets has arrived at CERN and work on the new accelerating cavities has reached the stage where a mode! cavity has been installed in the synchrotron ring for tests. The second phase to increase the intensity of the proton beam, involves a higher injection energy into the main synchrotron ring. Various ways of achieving this have been studied and attention has moved from the initial idea of building a linear injector of 200 MeV energy to replace the existing one of 50 MeV, to the construction of a slow-cycling synchrotron with an energy possibly as high as 800 MeV. This 'booster' is now conceived as

CERN/PI 399.5.67 108 Page 108 : Site work for the intersecting storage rings now at an advanced stage. Many tons of earth have been removed and excavation for the beam tunnel is about on third complete.

Left: Professor E. Amaldi, Chairman of the European Committee for Future Accelerators, photographed in the CERN Council Chamber.

appropriateness of the machine itself and developments in physics and technology. of the great interest of the physicists. Other work, such as examining more data Technically, scientifically and psychologi• on national programmes could be useful. cally there were now no barriers to setting The best way of keeping ECFA active, if it up the 300 GeV Laboratory. is decided that this would be beneficial, Dr. J. B. Adams, a former Director will be discussed at a meeting later this General of CERN, drew attention to the rise year. in the cost of the experimental work per physicist over the next years which A/eiv Convention emerged from the EC FA model programme. This, on average, came to approximately In accordance'with decisions taken at the 4 % per year which was no more than the Council Meeting in December 1966, formal sophistication factor that we had come to preparation has been going on since the CERN/PI 198.12.66 expect in this type of work. Implicit also in beginning of this year, on a new Convention four rings, of 50 metres diameter, stacked Report was the question of priorities and which would accommodate CERN-Meyrin vertically one on top of the other. where there was a limitation on funds, and the proposed 300 GeV Laboratory. This would enable the two Laboratories to It has emerged in the course of these these priorities needed to be established. operate under one Council, with common studies and their inter-relation with the ISR Support for the 300 GeV project would Scientific Policy and Finance Committees project, that the 'luminosity' (which can be seem to be essential if Europe was to to look after the scientific programmes and thought of as the number of charged continue in this field, which, in turn, implied expenditure at the two centres. Although it particles that can be packed into a given that the home support for the international is hoped to achieve substantial common beam size) in the proton synchrotron could Laboratories should be maintained. This membership of the two Laboratories, the probably be increased by a factor over ten. meant that if financial cuts had to be new Convention needs to safeguard the This would have great advantages for imposed these would need to come first interests of participants in the various conventional operation of the synchrotron from the national programmes. projects. Nevertheless, since the existing itself and particularly for the intersecting Dr. W. Francis, speaking for the United Convention has functioned so well, as few storage rings where, if the factor of over Kingdom, said that EJritisch nuclear physi• changes as possible are being made. ten could be achieved in each of the cists regarded the 300 GeV as of the first There was a long discussion on the colliding beams, the interaction rate could priority. But the rates of growth of man• draft new Convention and related docu• be increased by over a hundred. It is hoped power and costs envisaged in the ECFA ments. The drafting committee arranged to that a report on the booster studies will be Report were greater than the rates expected meet in Stockholm on 28 June to go presented to the Council in December. in the UK. The corollary of this was that if through the Convention again taking into Construction of the intersecting storage and when the 300 GeV came into operation account the views expressed at the Council rings is proceeding to schedule. The the UK would have to give lower priority Meeting. Any Member State, wishing to do excavation work for the ring tunnel has to participation in CERN-Meyrin and in so, could send legal experts to this meeting reached the stage where about one third their own national laboratories. of the drafting committee. It is hoped that of it is complete. Several of the main items Prof. Perrin speaking for France went a final version of the new Convention will of equipment for the rings are now out to further by saying that whereas in France be ready for presentation to the special tender. there was a national proposal for a 45 GeV Council Meeting in September, and that accelerator, this would only make sense if Governments will be able to take a decision the 300 GeV project went ahead. If for on the Convention in December. 300 GeV Project some reason, Europe decided not to proceed, then there would be little point in Sites The Council received the Report of the proceeding with the 45 GeV project European Committee for Future Acceler• because the only significant research Further information on the studies being ators (summarized on page 103). It was would then be done in other Continents. carried out on nine possible sites for the introduced by Professor Amaldi who again The priority for France was first the 300 300 GeV Laboratory offered by Member underlined that work on the Report had GeV project, second the support of CERN- States were presented in two volumes involved scientists from throughout Europe Meyrin and third the national programme. 'Sites for the Proposed CERN 300 GeV whose hard work and enthusiasm had been In reply to a question on the future of Proton Synchrotron' (document CERN/644/ most impressive. ECFA, Professor Amaldi said that many Rev. Vol. 1 and Vol. 2). The nine sites In the discussion that followed Professor people had expressed the view that ECFA under investigation are Puppi, on behalf of the Scientific Policy should continue to exist in some form. It Austria Gopfritz Committee, said that Europe could now go would be important to have the utilization Belgium Focant ahead with reinforced confidence in the 300 studies for the 300 GeV machine under Federal GeV project from the points of view of the continual revision to keep pace with Republic of Germany Drensteinfurt

109 1. Professor Wolfgang Paul who relinquishes his post as Director of the Physics I Department to return to Bonn University.

2. Professor Giuseppe Cocconi, who succeds Professor Paul, lecturing at CERN on one of his favourite topics - astrophysics.

CERN/PI 183.2.67

France Le Luc nearing completion at the Serpukhov Labo• made to the work of CERN during the past Greece Aspropyrgos ratory. It will give European scientists three years. During this time the pro• Italy Doberdo access to what will be for several years gramme of electronics experiments has Spain El Escorial the highest energy accelerator in the greatly increased in importance and has Sweden Uppsala world. More information about this collabo• involved, for the first time, extensive colla• United Kingdom Mundford ration will be given probably in the July boration with other Laboratories and issue of CERN COURIER. universities throughout Europe. The first volume was assembled by the CERN Study Group and contains general Wolfgang Paul has been Professor at information and comparative tables on the Large Hydrogen Bonn University since 1952. It was there various sites. It covers data such as that in 1958, he lead the work on a small geographical location, available area, Chamber electron synchrotron (500 MeV) which was topography, nature of terrain and seismic the first machine in Europe to operate An agreement concerning the construction activity of the region, water and electricity using the strong focusing or alternating of a very large hydrogen bubble chamber supplies, and accessibility. The aspects gradient principle to achieve beam focusing. was authorized by the Council. The cham• which would concern personnel were also He has also played a leading role in the ber which has a diameter of 3.5 metres, investigated, such as climate, recreation, project for a 2.5 GeV electron synchrotron will be built as a joint project by CERN, housing, educational facilities, and proxi• at Bonn which came into operation in France and the Federal Republic of Ger• mity of nearest towns. These last are also March of this year. many. It is scheduled to cost 84 million important with regard to the availability of Swiss Francs, the finance being provided Professor Giuseppe Cocconi joined local man-power and industry. equally by the three partners. A steering CERN in 1963, though he was here pre• The second volume was compiled by committee with one representative from viously for two years in 1959-60. He has geological and geotechnical experts from each party will supervise the project. been active in sub-nuclear physics research the respective Member States and gives This new chamber is one of the major for many years, both in Europe and in the technical details of the sites. elements of the improvements programme United States. His particular interest is the at the CERN proton synchrotron. It will be study of strong interactions and, for exam• Several speakers at the Council Meeting described in detail in an article in the ple, he led the team which carried out the emphasized that it is still too early to make August issue of CERN COURIER. important experiment on large-angle judgements at this stage on the respective The Council expressed its gratitude to proton-proton scattering referred to in the merits of the sites. The Working Group (Mr. France and Germany for their willingness Director General's progress report to the J. H. Bannier, Mr. A. Chavanne and to make this extra, important contribution Council. Professor J. K. Boggild, all from countries to the future of European physics at CERN. not offering a site) set up at the last Council Meeting to study the Site Reports and the problem of site selection, will give their views on the various proposals Appointments probably at the Council Meeting in Professor G. Cocconi was appointed Direc• December, at the same time presenting the tor of the Physics I Department for the report of Dr. Bjerrum, the consultant next three years in succession to Professor geologist. The final decision on the site W. Paul. will therefore not be taken until 1968. Professor Wolfgang Paul had expressed the wish to return to the Federal Republic of Germany to direct the Physics Institute Serpukhov collaboration at Bonn University. He has been at CERN since 1964, first as joint Head of the The Council authorized the Director Nuclear Physics Division and then, follo• General to sign an agreement with the wing the internal reorganization in June USSR State Committee for the Utilization 1966, as Director of the Physics I Depart• of Atomic Energy along the lines of a draft ment. He will remain in close contact with Convention which has been prepared by CERN by virtue of his position as Chairman representatives of CERN and the Soviet of the Electronic Experiments Committee Union. Some points of detail have still to be (the committee which prepares the pro• cleared with the Soviet authorities but it is gramme of experiments using counters and hoped that the agreement can be signed in spark chambers for the proton synchro• the very near future. tron). The agreement concerns collaboration The Council expressed its thanks to at the 70 GeV proton synchrotron which is Professor Paul for the contribution he has

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