DOCSLIB.ORG

Deinococcus Radiodurans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deinococcus Radiodurans ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11725-5 OPEN Cell morphology and nucleoid dynamics in dividing Deinococcus radiodurans Kevin Floc’h1,4, Françoise Lacroix1,4, Pascale Servant2, Yung-Sing Wong 3, Jean-Philippe Kleman 1, Dominique Bourgeois 1 & Joanna Timmins 1 Our knowledge of bacterial nucleoids originates mostly from studies of rod- or crescent- shaped bacteria. Here we reveal that Deinococcus radiodurans, a relatively large spherical 1234567890():,; bacterium with a multipartite genome, constitutes a valuable system for the study of the nucleoid in cocci. Using advanced microscopy, we show that D. radiodurans undergoes coordinated morphological changes at both the cellular and nucleoid level as it progresses through its cell cycle. The nucleoid is highly condensed, but also surprisingly dynamic, adopting multiple configurations and presenting an unusual arrangement in which oriC loci are radially distributed around clustered ter sites maintained at the cell centre. Single-particle tracking and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies of the histone-like HU protein suggest that its loose binding to DNA may contribute to this remarkable plasticity. These findings demonstrate that nucleoid organization is complex and tightly coupled to cell cycle progression in this organism. 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France. 2 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 3 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France. 4These authors contributed equally: Kevin Floc’h, Françoise Lacroix. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.T. (email: [email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 10:3815 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11725-5 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11725-5 n all organisms, genomic DNA is compacted several orders of dynamics of the highly abundant histone-like HU protein, which magnitude and yet must remain accessible for essential DNA- is the major NAP associated with genomic DNA in D. radio- I 31 related processes including DNA replication, repair and durans reveal that it only binds loosely to DNA, which may transcription. In bacteria, packaging of genomic DNA is achieved facilitate the structural rearrangements of the nucleoid. Finally, by several mechanisms, including DNA supercoiling1 and DNA we followed the choreography of the oriC and ter loci of chro- compaction by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), such as mosome 1 during the various stages of the cell cycle and show HU2–4. However, recent studies now indicate that additional that they exhibit very different distributions within the cell with factors, such as molecular crowding and depletion forces, also the oriC loci being radially distributed around the centrally play important roles in determining the volume of the cell located ter sites. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that occupied by the nucleoid5–7, and suggest that cell shape and size the properties of D. radiodurans make it particularly well suited may critically influence nucleoid organization7,8. for the study of nucleoid organization in cocci and provide new, So far, a vast majority of the studies of bacterial nucleoids have compelling evidence, indicating that bacterial nucleoids are focused on three model bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis complex and dynamic entities that are tightly coupled to cell and Caulobacter crescentus, all of which are either rod- or shape, cell cycle progression and septal growth. crescent-shaped bacteria. Recent developments in single-molecule and genome-wide analytical techniques have started to shed light on how these model bacteria organize, compact and segregate Results their chromosomes, three processes that are intimately connected. Morphological changes during D. radiodurans cell cycle.To Genetic, microscopy and chromosome conformation capture follow the morphological changes occurring during the growth of studies have revealed that nucleoids are organized into micro- D. radiodurans, cells were labelled with the membrane dye Nile and macrodomains9, the origins of which are still unclear Red and deposited on an agarose pad for either time-lapse ima- (reviewed in ref. 10) and have been shown to adopt an overall ging on a spinning-disk confocal microscope or super-resolution helical arrangement11–13, which is distributed along the long- imaging using Point Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale itudinal axis filling a large fraction of the cell volume ( ~ 70% in E. Topography (PAINT) microscopy (see Methods and Supple- coli). Mapping of specific chromosome loci such as the origin mentary Fig. 1 for a comparison of the two imaging systems). All (oriC) or the termination sites (ter) have also revealed that cell measurements presented below were extracted from super- chromosomes in model bacteria can be seen to adopt two ste- resolution images (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 2), whereas the reotypical configurations. Under certain conditions, they may order and duration of the various stages of the cell cycle were arrange longitudinally, along an ori-ter axis with the oriC and ter derived from spinning-disk microscopy images and videos. regions located at opposite poles of the cell, or transversally in Exponentially growing D. radiodurans cells cultured in rich which both the oriC and ter are localized at mid-cell, and the left medium form diads32 that transiently form tetrads before the and right arms are located on either sides2,13–15. start of a new cell cycle (Fig. 1b). D. radiodurans cells divide Although in all bacteria irrespective of their shapes, chromo- sequentially in two perpendicular planes33,34. Starting from an some organization and segregation are tightly coupled to the elliptical and largely symmetric diad (Phase 1), the cells initiate division process, in cocci, the directionality of chromosome seg- their cell cycle by a phase of cell growth (Phase 2) that leads to a regation has additionally been proposed to play a key role in slight invagination at the junctions between the septum 16 positioning the division site . The two most studied cocci are the originating from the previous cell division (S-1) and the cell ovoid Streptococcus pneumoniae and the spherical Staphylococcus periphery. Phase 2 is also characterized by a significant decrease aureus, two major human pathogens. So far, however, the small in the ellipticity of the cells (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Figs. 2 size of these cocci has largely restricted the study of nucleoid and 3). Phase 3 starts with the appearance of bright foci rearrangements and concomitant morphological changes occur- corresponding to the onset of the growth of the new septa (S0). ring during their cell cycle. In contrast, Deinococcus radiodurans These foci appear in the centre of the S-1 septum and in the is a non-pathogenic, relatively large ( ~ 2 µm in diameter) coccus, middle of the opposite peripheral cell wall. We observed that one displaying an outstanding resistance to DNA-damaging agents foci may appear before the other in a given phase 3 cell and septal including ionizing radiation, UV light and desiccation17–19. Sev- growth in the two cells forming the diad were frequently seen to eral factors have been proposed to contribute to this outstanding be asynchronous (e.g., cells with asterisk in Fig. 1a). Phase 4 fi phenotype: (i) a highly ef cient and redundant DNA repair corresponds to cells in which the growth of the new S0 septa is machinery, (ii) the presence of numerous antioxidant partial ( sum of lengths of interior and exterior septa < 80% of P, metabolites18,20–22 that contributes to an increased protection of the distance between the central septum and the opposite side of the proteome, and (iii) the unusual properties of its genome. D. the cell; Supplementary Fig. 2) and in Phase 5 the S0 septa are radiodurans has indeed been shown to possess a complex, mul- almost closed (sum of lengths of interior and exterior septa > tipartite genome composed of four replicons each of which are 80% of P; Supplementary Fig. 2). Finally, in Phase 6 septal growth present in multiple copies ranging from four to ten, depending on is complete and tetrads are formed (Fig. 1b). As the cells progress its growth phase23–25. Moreover, D. radiodurans’ genome has through Phases 3 to 6, the invagination at the diad junction 26 been reported to be more condensed than that of radio-sensitive becomes more pronounced and the length of the S-1 septum bacteria, such as E. coli, and to adopt an unusual ring-like progressively decreases (Supplementary Fig. 3) until disappearing structure27,28. These unusual features have been suggested to completely at the end of Phase 6, as the tetrads fall apart to form facilitate genome maintenance and repair29,30. two diads (Fig. 1b, c). In stationary phase cells, the tetrads no Using both spinning-disk time-lapse microscopy and super- longer separate into diads and the number of Phase 6 cells resolution imaging, we have performed a detailed analysis of the increases markedly (Supplementary Fig. 4). Moreover, a sub- morphological changes that occur at the cellular and nucleoid stantial fraction of these tetrads engages in a new division cycle, level, as D. radiodurans grows and divides in alternating per- but cell cycle progression is very slow and only a small number of pendicular planes. These data reveal that D. radiodurans
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protease S from Pyrococcus Furiosus (P6361)
    Protease S, from Pyrococcus furiosus, recombinant Product Number P 6361 Storage Temperature 2−8 °C Product Description The product is supplied as a solution containing Protease S is a recombinant, 42,906 Da (amino acid approximately 100 units per ml of 25 mM Tris-HCl, composition), hyperthermostable, serine endoprotease pH 7.6, and 40% ethanol. that is expressed in a Bacillus species carrying a plasmid that contains a copy of the Pyrococcus furiosus Unit Definition: One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of 1 protease gene. It is a broad specificity protease N−succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide per minute at capable of digesting native and denatured proteins. 95 °C and pH 7.0. Protease S is active from 40 to 110 °C, with the optimal temperature range of 85 to 95 °C. The optimal pH Precautions and Disclaimer range is 6.0 to 8.0 and the pI of the protein is 4.0. This product is for laboratory research use only. Please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information Protease S retains activity with organic solvents and regarding hazards and safe handling practices. denaturants. After exposure to 6.4 M urea and 50% acetonitrile for 1 hour at 95 °C and pH 7.0, the Storage/Stability enzyme retains 70% and 90%, respectively, of its The product is shipped on wet ice and should be stored activity. More than 50% of its activity is observed when at 2−8 °C. It is extremely thermostable, retaining 80% of incubated at 95 °C and pH 7.0 for 24 hours in the its activity after 3 hours at 95 °C and pH 7.0.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Cereus Obligate Aerobe
    Bacillus Cereus Obligate Aerobe Pixilated Vladamir embrued that earbash retard ritually and emoted multiply. Nervine and unfed Abbey lie-down some hodman so designingly! Batwing Ricard modulated war. However, both company registered in England and Wales. Streptococcus family marine species names of water were observed. Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus spp. Please enable record to take advantage of the complete lie of features! Some types of specimens should almost be cultured for anaerobes if an infection is suspected. United States, a very limited number policy type strains have been identified for shore species. Phylum XIII Firmicutes Gibbons and Murray 197 5. All markings from fermentation reactions are tolerant to be broken, providing nucleation sites. Confirmation of diagnosis by pollen analysis. Stress she and virulence factors in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. Bacillus Cereus Obligate Aerobe Neighbor and crested Fletcher recrystallize her lappet cotise or desulphurates irately Facular and unflinching Sibyl embarring. As a pulmonary pathogen the species B cereus has received recent. Eating 5-Day-Old Pasta or pocket Can be Kill switch Here's How. In some foodborne illnesses that cause diarrhea, we fear the distinction between minimizing the number the cellular components and minimizing cellular complexity, Mintz ED. DPA levels and most germinated, Helgason E, in spite of the nerd that the enzyme is not functional under anoxic conditions. Improper canning foods associated with that aerobes. Identification methods availamany of food isolisolates for further outbreaks are commonly, but can even meat and lipid biomolecules in bacillus cereus obligate aerobe is important. Gram Positive Bacteria PREPARING TO BECOME. The and others with you interest are food safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Sporulation Evolution and Specialization in Bacillus
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/473793; this version posted March 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Research article From root to tips: sporulation evolution and specialization in Bacillus subtilis and the intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile Paula Ramos-Silva1*, Mónica Serrano2, Adriano O. Henriques2 1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal 2Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal *Corresponding author: Present address: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine Biodiversity, Leiden, The Netherlands Phone: 0031 717519283 Email: [email protected] (Paula Ramos-Silva) Running title: Sporulation from root to tips Keywords: sporulation, bacterial genome evolution, horizontal gene transfer, taxon- specific genes, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridioides difficile 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/473793; this version posted March 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Abstract Bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum are able to enter a developmental pathway that culminates with the formation of a highly resistant, dormant spore. Spores allow environmental persistence, dissemination and for pathogens, are infection vehicles. In both the model Bacillus subtilis, an aerobic species, and in the intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile, an obligate anaerobe, sporulation mobilizes hundreds of genes.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Recorded Incidence of Deinococcus Radiodurans R1 Biofilm
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/234781; this version posted December 15, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 The first recorded incidence of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 biofilm 2 formation and its implications in heavy metals bioremediation 3 4 Sudhir K. Shukla1,2, T. Subba Rao1,2,* 5 6 Running title : Deinococcus radiodurans R1 biofilm formation 7 8 1Biofouling & Thermal Ecology Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, 9 BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102 India 10 11 2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India 12 13 *Corresponding Author: T. Subba Rao 14 Address: Biofouling & Thermal Ecology Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, 15 BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102 India 16 E-mail: [email protected] 17 Phone: +91 44 2748 0203, Fax: +91 44 2748 0097 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/234781; this version posted December 15, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 19 Significance and Impact of this Study 20 This is the first ever recorded study on the Deinococcus radiodurans R1 biofilm. This 21 organism, being the most radioresistant micro-organism ever known, has always been 22 speculated as a potential bacterium to develop a bioremediation process for radioactive heavy 23 metal contaminants. However, the lack of biofilm forming capability proved to be a bottleneck 24 in developing such technology. This study records the first incidence of biofilm formation in a 25 recombinant D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Korarchaeal Genome Reveals Insights Into the Evolution of the Archaea
    A korarchaeal genome reveals insights into the evolution of the Archaea James G. Elkinsa,b, Mircea Podarc, David E. Grahamd, Kira S. Makarovae, Yuri Wolfe, Lennart Randauf, Brian P. Hedlundg, Ce´ line Brochier-Armaneth, Victor Kunini, Iain Andersoni, Alla Lapidusi, Eugene Goltsmani, Kerrie Barryi, Eugene V. Koonine, Phil Hugenholtzi, Nikos Kyrpidesi, Gerhard Wannerj, Paul Richardsoni, Martin Kellerc, and Karl O. Stettera,k,l aLehrstuhl fu¨r Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universita¨t Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; cBiosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; dDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; eNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894; fDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; gSchool of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154; hLaboratoire de Chimie Bacte´rienne, Unite´ Propre de Recherche 9043, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite´de Provence Aix-Marseille I, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France; iU.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598; jInstitute of Botany, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, D-80638 Munich, Germany; and kInstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Communicated by Carl R. Woese, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, April 2, 2008 (received for review January 7, 2008) The candidate division Korarchaeota comprises a group of uncul- and sediment samples from Obsidian Pool as an inoculum. The tivated microorganisms that, by their small subunit rRNA phylog- cultivation system supported the stable growth of a mixed commu- eny, may have diverged early from the major archaeal phyla nity of hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea including an or- Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-Genome Analysis and Ancestral State Reconstruction Of
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Pan‑genome analysis and ancestral state reconstruction of class halobacteria: probability of a new super‑order Sonam Gaba1,2, Abha Kumari2, Marnix Medema 3 & Rajeev Kaushik1* Halobacteria, a class of Euryarchaeota are extremely halophilic archaea that can adapt to a wide range of salt concentration generally from 10% NaCl to saturated salt concentration of 32% NaCl. It consists of the orders: Halobacteriales, Haloferaciales and Natriabales. Pan‑genome analysis of class Halobacteria was done to explore the core (300) and variable components (Softcore: 998, Cloud:36531, Shell:11784). The core component revealed genes of replication, transcription, translation and repair, whereas the variable component had a major portion of environmental information processing. The pan‑gene matrix was mapped onto the core‑gene tree to fnd the ancestral (44.8%) and derived genes (55.1%) of the Last Common Ancestor of Halobacteria. A High percentage of derived genes along with presence of transformation and conjugation genes indicate the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer during the evolution of Halobacteria. A Core and pan‑gene tree were also constructed to infer a phylogeny which implicated on the new super‑order comprising of Natrialbales and Halobacteriales. Halobacteria1,2 is a class of phylum Euryarchaeota3 consisting of extremely halophilic archaea found till date and contains three orders namely Halobacteriales4,5 Haloferacales5 and Natrialbales5. Tese microorganisms are able to dwell at wide range of salt concentration generally from 10% NaCl to saturated salt concentration of 32% NaCl6. Halobacteria, as the name suggests were once considered a part of a domain "Bacteria" but with the discovery of the third domain "Archaea" by Carl Woese et al.7, it became part of Archaea.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria Exposed to Simulated
    Protection Of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria Exposed To Simulated Mars Environmental Conditions Felipe Gómez, Eva Mateo-Martí, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Jose Martín-Gago, Ricardo Amils To cite this version: Felipe Gómez, Eva Mateo-Martí, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Jose Martín-Gago, Ricardo Amils. Pro- tection Of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria Exposed To Simulated Mars Environmental Conditions. Icarus, Elsevier, 2010, 209 (2), pp.482. 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.027. hal-00676214 HAL Id: hal-00676214 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00676214 Submitted on 4 Mar 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Protection Of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria Exposed To Simulated Mars En‐ vironmental Conditions Felipe Gómez, Eva Mateo-Martí, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Jose Martín-Gago, Ricardo Amils PII: S0019-1035(10)00220-4 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.027 Reference: YICAR 9450 To appear in: Icarus Received Date: 11 August 2009 Revised Date: 14 May 2010 Accepted Date: 28 May 2010 Please cite this article as: Gómez, F., Mateo-Martí, E., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Martín-Gago, J., Amils, R., Protection Of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria Exposed To Simulated Mars Environmental Conditions, Icarus (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.027 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Kin Discrimination Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Unrelated Strains in Bacillus Subtilis
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23685-w OPEN Kin discrimination promotes horizontal gene transfer between unrelated strains in Bacillus subtilis ✉ Polonca Stefanic 1,5,6 , Katarina Belcijan1,5, Barbara Kraigher 1, Rok Kostanjšek1, Joseph Nesme2, Jonas Stenløkke Madsen2, Jasna Kovac 3, Søren Johannes Sørensen 2, Michiel Vos 4 & ✉ Ines Mandic-Mulec 1,6 Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacterium that is competent for natural transformation. Genetically 1234567890():,; distinct B. subtilis swarms form a boundary upon encounter, resulting in killing of one of the strains. This process is mediated by a fast-evolving kin discrimination (KD) system consisting of cellular attack and defence mechanisms. Here, we show that these swarm antagonisms promote transformation-mediated horizontal gene transfer between strains of low related- ness. Gene transfer between interacting non-kin strains is largely unidirectional, from killed cells of the donor strain to surviving cells of the recipient strain. It is associated with acti- vation of a stress response mediated by sigma factor SigW in the donor cells, and induction of competence in the recipient strain. More closely related strains, which in theory would experience more efficient recombination due to increased sequence homology, do not upregulate transformation upon encounter. This result indicates that social interactions can override mechanistic barriers to horizontal gene transfer. We hypothesize that KD-mediated competence in response to the encounter of distinct neighbouring strains could maximize the probability of efficient incorporation of novel alleles and genes that have proved to function in a genomically and ecologically similar context. 1 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Gyrase of Deinococcus Radiodurans Is Characterized As Type II Bacterial Topoisomerase and Its Activity Is Differentially Regulated by Ppra in Vitro
    Extremophiles (2016) 20:195–205 DOI 10.1007/s00792-016-0814-1 ORIGINAL PAPER DNA Gyrase of Deinococcus radiodurans is characterized as Type II bacterial topoisomerase and its activity is differentially regulated by PprA in vitro Swathi Kota1 · Yogendra S. Rajpurohit1 · Vijaya K. Charaka1,4 · Katsuya Satoh2 · Issay Narumi3 · Hari S. Misra1 Received: 8 October 2015 / Accepted: 20 January 2016 / Published online: 5 February 2016 © Springer Japan 2016 Abstract The multipartite genome of Deinococcus radio- W183R, which formed relatively short oligomers did not durans forms toroidal structure. It encodes topoisomerase interact with GyrA. The size of nucleoid in PprA mutant IB and both the subunits of DNA gyrase (DrGyr) while (1.9564 0.324 µm) was significantly bigger than the wild ± lacks other bacterial topoisomerases. Recently, PprA a plei- type (1.6437 0.345 µm). Thus, we showed that DrGyr ± otropic protein involved in radiation resistance in D. radio- confers all three activities of bacterial type IIA family DNA durans has been suggested for having roles in cell division topoisomerases, which are differentially regulated by PprA, and genome maintenance. In vivo interaction of PprA with highlighting the significant role of PprA in DrGyr activity topoisomerases has also been shown. DrGyr constituted regulation and genome maintenance in D. radiodurans. from recombinant gyrase A and gyrase B subunits showed decatenation, relaxation and supercoiling activities. Wild Keywords Deinococcus · DNA gyrase · Genome type PprA stimulated DNA relaxation activity while inhib- maintenance · PprA · Radioresistance ited supercoiling activity of DrGyr. Lysine133 to glutamic acid (K133E) and tryptophane183 to arginine (W183R) replacements resulted loss of DNA binding activity in Introduction PprA and that showed very little effect on DrGyr activi- ties in vitro.
    [Show full text]
  • Mr. Pranit Patil India, [email protected] Mr. Rinke
    Paper ID: 52357 70th International Astronautical Congress 2019 oral IAF/IAA SPACE LIFE SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM (A1) Biology in Space (8) Author: Mr. Pranit Patil India, [email protected] Mr. Rinkesh Kurkure India, [email protected] Ms. Sucheshnadevi Patil United States, [email protected] Ms. Kinnari Gatare IIIT Bombay, India, [email protected] Mr. Saurav Sunil Telge India, [email protected] Mr. Pradnesh Mhatre India, [email protected] Ms. Bhakti Mithagri India, [email protected] Mr. Pranjal Mhatre India, [email protected] Ms. Namaswi Patil India, [email protected] ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND GENETIC EXPRESSION IN NEW EARTH SIMILARITY STUDY Abstract To inhabit a planet we need to know its atmosphere cell tolerance to the atmosphere, currently Mars is a potential for human habitation due to Earth-likeness. Our knowledge of chemical, physical, geological geographic data is insufficient to deem an environment habitable, but it does point us in a direction where we are likely to find an area with potential for habitation. To keep cells/organisms alive through long space travel is the challenge, and we believe the solution lies in cryopreservation techniques. The process by which cells enter the hibernation state is well understood, but the reverse process, from hibernation to normal is yet to be fully understood. To date simulated Mars environment studies have been done on various organisms, mainly common terrestrial bacteria Bacillus subtilis. However, this hasn't as yet been done on plants or extremophiles. We have set two objectives: (1a) understanding the mechanism - how a Ceratodon purpureus (Moss, Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Bryophyta) an extremophile "Tardigrade", (Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Tardigrada) retrieves to normal from desiccation (moss),"tun"(tardigrade) in cryptobiosis; (1b) the same in combined state to form an Ecology - as moss are autotrophic tardigrade feed on moss; (2) create reference database - set of parametric standards in biological extremities, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Ionizing Radiation Resistance in Deinococcus Radiodurans
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CSCanada.net: E-Journals (Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture,... ISSN 1715-7862 [PRINT] Advances in Natural Science ISSN 1715-7870 [ONLINE] Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014, pp. 6-14 www.cscanada.net DOI: 10.3968/5058 www.cscanada.org Ionizing Radiation Resistance in Deinococcus Radiodurans LI Wei[a]; MA Yun[a]; XIAO Fangzhu[a]; HE Shuya[a],* [a]Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Treatment of D. radiodurans with an acute dose of 5,000 China, Hengyang, China. Gy of ionizing radiation with almost no loss of viability, *Corresponding author. and an acute dose of 15,000 Gy with 37% viability (Daly, Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 2009; Ito, Watanabe, Takeshia, & Iizuka, 1983; Moseley (81272993). & Mattingly, 1971). In contrast, 5 Gy of ionizing radiation can kill a human, 200-800 Gy of ionizing radiation will Received 12 March 2014; accepted 2 June 2014 Published online 26 June 2014 kill E. coli, and more than 4,000 Gy of ionizing radiation will kill the radiation-resistant tardigrade. D. radiodurans can survive 5,000 to 30,000 Gy of ionizing radiation, Abstract which breaks its genome into hundreds of fragments (Daly Deinococcus radiodurans is unmatched among all known & Minton, 1995; Minton, 1994; Slade & Radman, 2011). species in its ability to resist ionizing radiation and other Surprisingly, the genome is reassembled accurately before DNA-damaging factors. It is considered a model organism beginning of the next cycle of cell division.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Characterization of the Gene Encoding the Acidobacterium Capsulatum Major Sigma Factor
    Gene 376 (2006) 144–151 www.elsevier.com/locate/gene Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the Acidobacterium capsulatum major sigma factor Zakee L. Sabree a,b, Veit Bergendahl c,1, Mark R. Liles a,2, Richard R. Burgess c, ⁎ Robert M. Goodman a,3, Jo Handelsman a, a Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA b Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA c McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Received 11 December 2005; received in revised form 14 February 2006; accepted 15 February 2006 Available online 5 April 2006 Received by R. Britton Abstract Acidobacterium capsulatum is an acid-tolerant, encapsulated, Gram-negative member of the ubiquitous, but poorly understood Acidobacteria phylum. Little is known about the genetics and regulatory mechanisms of A. capsulatum. To begin to address this gap, we identified the gene encoding the A. capsulatum major sigma factor, rpoD, which encodes a 597-amino acid protein with a predicted sequence highly similar to the major sigma factors of Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076 and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA. Purified hexahistidine-tagged RpoD migrates at ∼70 kDa under SDS-PAGE conditions, which is consistent with the predicted MW of 69.2 kDa, and the gene product is immunoreactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for either bacterial RpoD proteins or the N-terminal histidine tag. A. capsulatum RpoD restored normal growth to E. coli strain CAG20153 under conditions that prevent expression of the endogenous rpoD. These results indicate we have cloned the gene encoding the A.
    [Show full text]