NEWSLETTER of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Volume 37, Numbers 2 & 3 October, 1992 Endangered and Threatened in the United States and Michigan Robert A. Haack North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, East Lansing, MI

Hundreds of and plant species in the U.5., as well In 1973, the Convention on International Trade in Endan­ as worldwide, are officially listed as endangered or threat­ gered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was signed, ened and are thus given protection under the Federal Endan­ which restricted international commerce in plant and animal gered Species Act of 1973. In addition, many states have their species believed to be threatened with worldwide extinction. own lists of protected species. This paper gives the history of As of September 1991, there were 11 2 countries working the Federal Act (Anon 1991a, Rohlf 1989), under the CITES agreement. describes how species are placed on the Federal list in the U.5. Later in 1973, the Endangered Species Act was passed. (Anon 1988) and on the state list in Michigan (Anon 1987), and There were 392 endangered and threatened species listed in incudes the names of the insects currently on the Federal list 1973. The 1973 Act combined and strengthened the provi­ (Anon 1991b, Drewry 1991) and on the Michigan list (Anon sions of the preceding Acts, but in many ways it also broke 1992). new ground. For example, this Act: The Endangered Species Act prohibits the hann, taking, import, sale, destruction, transport, or possession of li sted • Combined the U.s. and foreign species lists, species or parts such as roots, seeds, feathers, or eggs. The • Defined categories of "threatened" and "endan­ term "take" means to "harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, gered," wound, kill, trap, capture or collect, or to attempt to engage in • Made plants and all classes of invertebrates eligible any such conduct." This, of course, would prohibit collecting for protection for the first time, federally listed insects, unless a special research permit were • Required all Federal agencies to initiate programs to obtained from the U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service, and in most conserve endangered and threatened species, and cases the local state Endangered Species Coordinator. En­ prohibited those agt·ncies from any actions that forcement of the Act includes penalties of up to $50,000 in would jeopardize a listed species or destroy its fines and up to one year in prison. "critical ," • Applied broad "taking" prohibitions to all endan­ History of the Endangered Species Act gered animal species, and The first step taken by Congress in evolving the Endan­ • Provided authority to acquire land for both listed gered Species Act was passage of the Endangered Species and plants. Preservation Act of 1966. This Act allowed for the listing of endangered vertebrate species and provided limited means Several significant amendments to the 1973 Act were en­ for their protection. The U.s. Departments of Agriculture, acted in 1978, 1982, and 1988. Some important amendments: Defense, and Interior W'ere instructed to protect listed species and their habitat. Land acquisition for endangered species 1978 was also authorized under the 1966 Act. • Allowed Federal agencies to undertake actions that In 1969, the Endangered Species Conservation Act was would jeopardize a listed species if exempted by a passed to provide additional protection to species in danger Cabinet-level committee convened for this purpose, of "worldwide extinction." Importation and sale of such species were prohibited. Protection was extended to inverte­ iI: @f}!}1!Of}!}lIJ)lEfW ON NEXT PAGE­ brates as well as vertebrates. General Definitions and Procedures Officers ofM.E.S. A species can be assigned to one of four categories in the Federal system: end angered , threatened, proposed, or candi­ President ...... Fred Stehr date. Only species listed as endangered or threatened are President-Elect ...... Cathy Bach fully protected under the 1973 Act. Table 1 presents the numbers of endangered or threatened animals and plan ts Immediate Past President ...... Fred Stehr worldwide as of September 1991 (Anon 1991c). The overall Secretary ...... Ned Walker number of federally listed species in the U S, as of 1991, was Treasurer ...... Mo Nielsen 482 endangered species (273 animals 209 plants), and 157 Member-at-Large (1990-93) ...... Cathy Bristow threatened species (96 animals and 61 plants) (Table 1). For the purposes of the Endangered Species Act, a "species" can Member-at-Large (1 991-94) ...... Ron Priest mean a species, a subspecies, or a distinct vertebrate popula­ Member-at-Large (1992-95) ...... Dan Herms tion . Some "species" also represent entire genera or even Journal Editor ...... Mark O'Brien fa milies. Newsletter Editor ...... Bob Haack Endangered: A species in danger of extinction throughout Associate Newsletter Editor ...... George Heaton all or a significant part of its range. Threatened: A species likely to become an end angered species within the fo reseeable future throughout all or a ©@li'!rtrO{)!}I!1J~ft) FROM FRONT PAGE­ signifi cant part of its range. Proposed: A species for which a proposed listing as endan­ • Required cri tical habitat to be designated concur­ gered or threatened has been published in the U.s. Federal rently with the listing of the species, wh n prudent, Register. Such a proposal gives notice to the public and in and required consideration of economic and other some cases public hearings are held . impacts of designation in deciding on boundaries, Candidate: A species being considered for possible addi­ • Extended land acquisition authority to all listed tion to the list as endangered or threatened, based on a species, peti tion to the U.s. Secretary of Interior from any source- • Required preparation of recovery plans for all listed species, Table 1. Number of animals and plants federally listed as 1982 endangered or threatened in the world, and the number of • Required the status of species to be determined species with approved recovery plans, as of September 1991 . solely on the basis of biological and trade informa­ tion, without considering possible economic or other Endangered Threatened Species'-'c effects, TotaF with • Required the final ruling on the status of a species to Foreign Foreign listed recovery follow within one year of its proposal, unless with­ Category U.s. only US. only species plans drawn for cause, Mammals 55 249 8 22 334 33 • Gave listing p riority to species in conflict with Birds 73 153 12 0 238 69 development or economic activities, Reptiles 16 64 18 14 112 27 Amphibians 6 8 5 0 19 7 r? 1988 Fishes :J~ 11 34 0 98 51 • Required monitoring of candidate and recovered Snails 7 1 6 0 14 7 species, with adoption of emergency listing when Clams 39 2 2 0 43 33 there is evidence of significant risk, Crustaceans 8 0 2 0 10 5 • Required reports to Congress on Federal and state Insects 13 1 9 0 23 13 0 expenditures and the status of listed species and Arachnids 3 0 0 0 3 Plants 209 61 2 273 137 recovery plans, • Prohibited the Secretary from considering a species' Total 482 490 157 38 1167 382 taxonomic classification in establishing priorities. That is, an endangered marrunal had no more ,. Separate populations of a species that are listed as endan­ importance than an endangered , and gered and threatened are counted twice. This is true for 9 • Required that the public be given the opportunity to species: 3 marrunals, 3 birds, and 3 reptiles. comment on recovery plans. ,.,. There are 310 approved recovery plans. Some plans cover more than one species, and a few species have separate plans Authorization of the present Endangered Species Act runs for different parts of their range. All recovery plans are for through Fiscal Year 1992 (ending September 30, 1992), with species in the United States. reauthorization to be taken up in Fiscal Year 1993.

October, 1992 fMfEry}Jf~!LfEuufEfffl of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ~

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Proposed and candidate species are not protected by the excluding the area outweigh the benefits of designating it as 1973 Act, but Federal agenc'es and other appropriate parties critical habi tat, unless the extinction of the species concerned are encouraged to take these taxa into account in their envi­ will result. ronmental planning. Once a species is officially listed as endangered or threat­ A species can be listed as endangered or threatened as a ened, a recovery plan is prepared by a team of experts result of several factors. For example: (designated as the recovery team). The recovery plan details the current status of the species, identifies its critical habitat, • The present or threatened destruction, modification, and makes recommendations for its conservation. The recov­ or curtailment of its habitat or range, ery team meets regularly to discuss progress and future • Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scien­ directions. So far, recovery plans have only been prepared for tific, or educational purposes, listed species in the U.S. (Table 1). Of the 639 federally listed • Disease or , species in the U.s. (369 animals and 270 plants), 382 species • The inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms, have approved recovery plans (245 animals and 137 plants; and Table 1). • Other natural or human factors affecting its contin­ ued existence. Federally Listed Insects in the U.S. The listing ofa species as endangered or threa tened by the The Federal list of endangered and threatened insects in U.s. Secretary of Interior is based on the best scientific and the U.s. as of 1991 is shown in Tables 2and 3. The endangered commercial data available at the time of listing. Current insects include 3 species of Coleoptera and 10 species of efforts by states to protect such species are taken into account (Table 2). The threatened insects include 1 spe­ (e.g., predator control, protection of habitat and food supply, cies of , 4 Coleoptera, and 4 Lepidoptera (Table 3). or other conservation practices). To ensure the survival of the The only listed insect outside the U.s. is the Queen species, the Secretary designates "critical habitat" based on Alexandra's bird wing, Tro ides (=Ornithaptera) aleXilndra e, from the best scientific data available, and after considering the Papua New Guinea; it is listed as endangered (Anon 1991b). economic impact of specifying any particular area as critical As of 1991, there were 683 candidate species of insects habitat. being considered for the Federal list of endangered and Critical habitat is a specific area within the geographical threatened species (Drewry 1991). These candidate species area occupied by the species at the time that it is listed on fall into two categories. Category 1 taxa: Much information is which are found those physical orbiolOgical features that (1 ) on hand to support listing as endangered or threatened. are essential to the conservation of the species and (2) may Category 2 taxa: Current information suggests that listing as require special management considerations or protection. endangered or threatened is appropriate, but conclusive data Other areas may also be considered critical habitat if they are on their biological vulnerability and threat are not yet avail­ essential for the conservation of the species. The Secretary able. may exclude any area from critical habitat if the benefits of

Table 2. Endangered U.S. insects on the Federal list as of 1991 .

Species Common name Range Coleoptera Nicrophorus americanus American burying (eastern NA) Rhadine persephone Tooth Cave ground beetle (TX) Texamaurops reddelli Kretschmarr Cave mold beetle (TX)

Lepidoptera Apodemia mormo langei Lange's metal mark (CA) acrocnema (CO) Callaphrys mossi bayensis San Bruno elfin (CA) Eu philotes (=Shijimiaeoides ) battoides allyni EI Segundo blue (CA) Euphilotes (=Shijimiaeoides) enoptes smithi Smith's blue (CA) lygdamus palosverdesensis Palos Verdes blue (CA) Heraclides (=Papilio) aristodemus ponceanus Schaus swallowtail (FU Icaricia icarioides missionensis Mi ssion blue (CA) Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis Lotis blue (CA) Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii . Mitchell's satyr (MI IN NJ OH)

_ October, 1992 fM~WJf~fL~uu~[jfj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Table 3. Threatened U.s. insects on the Federal list as of 1991.

Species Common name Range

Hemiptera Ambrysus amar;;;osus Ash meadows naucorid (NV)

Coleoptera Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Northeastern beach tiger beetle (CT MA MD JNY PA Rl VA) Cicindcla puritana Puritan tiger beetle (CT MA MD NH VT) Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Valley elderberry (CA) Elaphrus viridis Delta green ground beetle (CA)

Lepidoptera Euphydryas editha bayensis Bay checkersput (CA) Euproserpinus eu terpe Kern primrose sphinx (CA) Hesperia leonardus (=pawnee) mo ntarul Pawnee montane skipper (CO) Spl?1jeria zerene hippolyta Oregon silverspoL (WAOR)

The taxonomic breakdown of the 683 candidate insect or permits. Michigan's Act prutects all state-listed threatened species is given in Table 4. To btain the current list of and endangered plant and animal species wherever they candidate species, see Drewry (1 991 ) or write to: Endangered occur within the state of Michigan. Species Coordinator, Division of Endangered Species and Michigan's list contains "endangered" and "threatened" Habitat Conservation, u.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wash­ categories, as well as the "special concern" category (Table 6). ington, DC 20240. The Fish and Wildlife Service is especially Although special concern taxa are not legally protected, they interested in obtaining information on candidate species that areof concern because of declining or relic populations within (1) indicates a taxon would be better aSSigned to a different Michigan or because of incomplete status information. Moni­ category, (2 ) nominates a taxon not already included, (3) toring, protection, and management of special concern spe­ recommends critical habitat for a taxon, or indicates why cies may prevent their decline to endangered or threatened critical habitat may not be prudent or determinable for a status. The "special concern" category used in Michigan is taxon, (4) documents threats to any included taxon, (5) points similar to the "candidate species" category used in the Fed­ out taxonomic changes for any taxon, (6) suggests new or erallisting process. more appropriate names, and (7) notes errors, such as in the The Michigan DNR has the authority to issue endangered range data. Most (54~ ) of the 683 candidate species in Table species permits for scientific, education, and propagation 4 are native to Hawaii (178 species), California (145), or purposes. A permit is required for any project (including Florida (50). research, development, and construction) that may "take" or If during the public comment period, data indicate that a "harm" endangered or threatened species on the Michigan proposed species is more widespread than previously be­ list. Write: Mr. Tom Weise, Endangered Species Coordinator, lieved, then the U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service will generally Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, withdraw its proposal for listing. For example, in 1992, the P.O. Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909. proposed rule to list the prairie mole cricket, Gryllotalpa ma jor, The Michigan Act requires that the state's list be reviewed as threatened was withdrawn after surveys demonstrated and amended regularly. Species may be added or removed that it was much more widespread than earlier thought. during review. Species are selected with the assistance of The 14 insects in Michigan that are candidate species for several technical advisory committees. Notice of proposed the Federal list include 1 Odanata, 3 , 4 Coleoptera, changes to the state list are published in the Michigan DNR and 6 Lepidoptera (Table 5). The Karner blue butterfly is Register, and public hearings are held. Changes are reviewed currently a "proposed species" for endangered status. by Michigan's Natural Resources Commission and the Joint Rules Committee of the state legislature. Michigan's guidelines for determining a species' status as The Michigan Endangered Species Act endangered or threatened are similar to the Federal proce­ The Michigan Endangered Species Act was passed in 1974, dures but include more options. Overall, any species on the and is administered by the Wildlife Division of the Michigan Federal endangered or threatened lists is automa tically li sted Department of Natural Resources. The Federal Endangered in Michigan if it is native to the state. But, using its own set of Species Act protects all federally listed animals wherever they guidelines, a state can list other species as endangered or occur and protects federally listed plants wherever there is threatened that occur within its boundaries. For example, the federal involvement in the form of land ownership, funding, 1[;@lNJtrOINJ'Jj}I)i:f!)) ON NEXT PAGE-

October, 1992 fl:!l[gPfIVI~!L[gIT[g{jfj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Table 4. Number of U.s. candidate insect species on the Federal list as of 1991 by insect order and family.

Order Order Order Order Family No. taxa Family No. taxa Family No. taxa Family No. taxa

Thysanura 2 Zoraptera 1 Gyrinidae 1 Nyrnphalidae 26 Entomobryidae 2 Zorotypidae 1 Haliplidae 2 Olethreutidae 1 Hydraenidae 7 Phaloniidae 1 EphemeIOptera 14 Hemiptera 30 Hydrophilidae 6 Pieridae 1 Baetidae 1 Belostomatidae 1 Lampyridae 3 Pyralidae 16 Behningiidae 1 Lygaeidae 12 Leiodidae 1 1 Caenidae 1 Macroveliidae 1 Lucanidae 1 Scythrididae 1 Ephemerellidae 3 Mesoveliidae 1 Meloidae 6 Sesiidae 1 Ephemeridae 1 Miridae 2 Proterhinidae 1 Sphingidae 2 Heptageniidae 1 Naucoridae 1 Pselaphidae 1 Tortricidae 4 Leptophlebiidae 1 Pentatomidae 3­ Psephenidae 2 Oligoneuriidae 2 Reduviidae 6 Scarabaeidae 39 Trichoptera 79 Si phlonu ridae 3 Rhopalidae 2 Staphylinidae 1 Brachycentridae 1 Tingidae 1 Tenebrionidae 2 Glossosomatidae 7 Odanata 37 Helicopsychidae 1 Coenagrionidae 15 Homoptera 17 Mecoptera 1 Hydropsychidae 11 Cordulegastridae 1 Cicadellidae 2 Bi ttacidae 1 Hydroptilidae 14 Corduliidae 4 Cixiidae 6 Lepidostomatidae 3 Gomphidae 15 Oelphacidae 9 Diptera 13 Leptoceridae 6 Macromiidae 2 Acroceridae 1 Limnephilidae 20 Neuroptera 8 Apioceridae 1 Philoptamidae 2 Plecoptera 9 Chrysopidae 1 Asilidae 4 Polycentropodidae 2 Capniidae 1 Hem robiidae 5 Asteriidae 1 Psychomyiidae 2 ChloroperIidae 2 lthonidae 1 Ephydridae 1 Rhyacophilidae 7 Leuctridae 1 Myrmeleontidae 1 Psychodidae 1 Sericostomatidae 3 Nemouridae 2 Syrphidae 1 Pel toperlidae 1 Coleoptera 256 Tabanidae 3 Hymenoptera 60 Perlidae 1 Anobiidae 1 Andrenidae 2 Taeniopterygidae 1 Anthicidae 2 Lepidoptera 122 Apidae 1 Carabidae 76 Carposinidae 1 Bethylidae 1 Orthoptera 34 Cerambycid ae 3 Ethmiidae 1 Eupelmidae 1 6 Cicindelidae 17 Geometridae 4 Formicidae 2 Eumastacidae 2 Curculionidae 41 Gracilariidae 1 Hylaeidae 38 Gryllidae 9 Dytiscidae 16 Hesperiidae 18 Mutillidae 1 Rhaphidophoridae 5 Elateridae 3 Incurvariidae 1 Sphecidae 12 Stenopelmatidae 4 Elmidae 18 25 Vespidae 2 Tetrigidae 2 Eubriidae 4 Megathymidae 1 Tettigoniidae 6 Eucnemidae 1 16

Kamer blue butterfly is currently on the Michigan list as B. Extreme rarity in Michigan, meeting oneof the follow­ threatened. If the Kamer blue is federally listed as endan­ ing three population criteria. (Numbers are intended gered (which may occur in late 1992 or early 1993; Clough as guide]jnes only and are interpreted in light of a 1992), it will then be elevated to endangered status in Michi­ species' biology.) gan as well. Below is a description of Michigan's guidelines, 1. There are estimated to be 3 or fewer viable based on Anon (1987). (stable or expanding) reproducing populations separated by unfavorable habitat in Michigan; Michigan's Guidelines for (State) Endangered Status are: or 2. There are estimated to be fewer than 100 repro­ A. Considered by the Secretary of the Interior to be en­ ducing individuals in Michigan; or dangered in the United States, or @@ {}!JT!O{}!Jf!j{g@ ON NEXT PAGE­

_ October, 1992 (#Jrgw,y;~fLrgITrgfFJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY iIIII 3. Extreme rarity throughout its range: known recently introduced to the state; and with a demon­ recently (last 20 years) from 20 or fewer sites strable threat to Michigan populations; or throughout its entire range; and one of the fol­ D. Rarity in Michigan meeting one of the following four lowing secondary conditions: population criteria and not recently introduced in the a. The species has declined seriously and state; noncyclically throughouta significant part 1. There are estimated to be 10 or fe wer viable of its range; or reproducing populations separated by unfa­ b. Endemism or near-endemism in Michi­ vorable habitat in Michigan; or gan;or 2. There are estimated to be fewer than 300 repro­ c. Special factors cause this species to be ducing individuals in the state; or unusually vulnerable to extirpation (ex­ 3. Endemism or near-endemism in Michigan; or tinction), e.g., danger of exploitation, 4. The species is somewhat less scarce than in 1 or h ig hly specia lized req uirements, or 2 above, but special factors cause it to be espe­ sensitive habitat. cially vulnerable to population d eclines and extirpation; and one of the following secondary conditions: Table 5. Federal candidate insect species found a. The species has declined seriously and in Michigan, as of 1992. noncycJically in the state or Great Lakes region; or Species Common name b. There is a demonstrable threat to all or most state pop Ulations; or Odanata c. The species is especially vulnerable to ex­ Gomphus (=Stylurus) notatus Elu sive clubtail ploitation; or dragonfly d. Its habitat is unusually vulnerable to loss, modification, or variations in quality (e.g. Orthoptera wetland, dune, lakeshore, prairie, Great Appalachia arcana Mi chigan bog Lakes island); or e. Low reproductive potential or success Oecanthus laricis Laricis tree cricket causes the species to be especially vulner­ Trimerotropis huroniana La ke Huron locust able to populati on declines and extirpa­ tion; or Coleoptera f. The species has an extremely localized distribution Dryobius sexnotatus Sixbanded longhorn (e.g., 1 or 2 cou nties) and exists in vulnerable habitat; beetle or Stenelmis douglasensis Douglas stenelmis E. There are no known existing or recently reported riffle beetle populations, but the gu id elines for extirpated status Brychius hungerfordi H ungerford's crawling are not met. water beetle Lordithon niger Black lordithon rove Mi chigan's Guidelines for (State) Special Concern Status are: beetle A. Sp ecies appears to have undergone a serious, noncyclical decline in Michigan, so that it could be­ Lepidoptera come threatened in the foreseeable fu ture if thedecline Lycaeides melissa samuelis Kamer blue continues unchecked; or aweme Aweme borer moth B. The species is so uncommon that any reduction in its Phyciodes batesi Tawny crescent population or habitat conditions would cause it to Grizzled skipper Pyrgus wyandot become threatened in the foreseeable future; or Schinia Phlox moth C. The species is apparentl y rare in Michigan, but is of Speyeria idalia Regal fritillary uncertain taxonomic status or identification, and fur­ ther evaluation is required.

. 1i hi an's Gu'delines for (State) Threatened Status are: Michigan'sGuidelinesfor Extirpa ted (Extinct) Statusin Michi­ A. Consi ered bv_ the SecretarvoftheJ Interior to be threat- gan are: e. in th 'nited States; or A. Repeated surveys of all specific historicallocaIities or B. Rarity throughout its range: known recently (last 20 potential have been unsuccessful; and vea s ' fTom 6J or fewer sites in its entire range with B. All non-specific historical localities areat least SOyears know dedi e 0T d 0 strabl threat t :\1ichigan old; but pop lanon ; or C. Species thought to be extirpated in Michigan, if redis­ c. Extreme rarity in \1ichigan, utnotmeeti ngoneof he covered, are automatically placed on the threatened three secondary conditions for endangered status; not list. IIIIi October, 1992 fM~WW~fL~IT~ffiJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY - po

Table 6. State-listed endangered, threatened, and special concern insects on the Michigan list as of June 1992.

Species Family Common name State-Listed Special Concern Insects in Michigan used by Michgan DNR Homoptera angulifera Cercopidae Angular spi ttlebug State-Listed Endangered Insects in Michigan Prosapa ignipectus Cercopidae Red-legged spittlebug Coleoptera Brychius hungerfordi Haliplidae Hungerford's Odanata crawling water Cordulegaster erronea Cordulegastridae False spiketail beetle Gomphus lineatifrons Gomphidae White-lined Nicrophorus Silphidae American burying clubtail american us beetle Gomphus quadricolor Gomphidae Four-colored clubtail Lepidoptera Somatochlora Corduli idae Warpaint emerald ames tris Noctuidae Three-staff incurvata underwing Stylurus amnicola Gomphidae Amnicola Neonympha mitchellii NymphaJidae Mitchell's satyr snaketail mitchellii Stylurus laurae Gomphidae Laurae snaketail Schinia india na Noctuidae Phlox moth Stylurus notatus Gomphidae Notable snaketail Schinia lucens Noctuidae Leadplant moth Stylurus plagiatus Gomphidae Plagiated snake tail Speyeria idalia Regal fritillary Williamsona fletcheri Corduliidae Canadan bog skimmer

State-Listed Threatened Insects in Michigan Orthoptera Appalachia arcana Acrididae Secretive locust Homoptera Atlanticus davisi Tettigoniidae Davis's shield­ Lepyronia gibbosa Cercopidae Great plains bearer spittlebug Melanoplus fla vidus Acrididae Blue-legged locust Neoconocephalus Conocephalidae Bog conehead Odanata lyristes Tachopteryx thoreyi Petaluridae Greyback Oecanthus laricis Gryllidae Tamarack tree cricket Orthoptera Oecanthus pini Gryllidae Pinetree cricket Trimerotropis Acrididae Lake Huron locust Orchelimum Conocephalidae Red-faced huroniana concinnum meadow katydid Orchelimum ConocephaIidae Delicate meadow Lepidoptera delicatum katydid . Atrytonopsishianna Hesperiidae Duste-d skipper Orphulella pelidna Acrididae Barrens locust Battus philenor Papilionidae Pipevine pelidna swallowtail Paroxya hoosieri Acrididae Hoosier locust Erynnis persius persius Hesperiidae Persius d usky Psiniidia fenestralis Acri didae Atlantic-coast wing fenestralis locust Euphyes dukesi Hesperiidae Dukes' skipper Scudderia fasciata Phaneropteridae Pine katydid Hesperia ottoe Hesperiidae Ottoe skipper Incisalia irus Lycaenidae Frosted el fi n Coleoptera Lycaeides idas Lycaenidae Northern blue Dryobius sexnotatus Cerambycidae Six-banded nabokovi longhorn beetle Lycaeides melissa Lycaenidae Karner blue Liodessus cantralli Dytiscidae CantralI's bog samuelis beetle Oarisma powes heik Hesperiidae Powesheik skipper Lordithon niger Staphylinidae Black lordithon Papaipema silphii Noctuidae Silphium borer rove beetle moth Stenelmis douglasensis Elmidae Douglas stenelmis riffle beetle

TABLE 61[;@WJ 'ifOWJI]j)~@ ON NEXT PAGE-

October, 1992 fM~WfI~IL~uu~mJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY REFERENCES TABLE 6 ©@fMIfUfMMgiI» FROM PERVIOUS PAGE- Anonymous. 1987. Michigan endangered, threatened and special concern plant and animal species. Third revision. Lepidoptera Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 23 pp. Acronicta falcula Noctuidae Corylus dagger moth Anonymous. 1988. Endangered species act of 1973 as Basi/odes pepita Noctuidae Gold moth amended through the 100th Congress. USDI Fish and Nymphalidae Freya's fritillary Wildlife Service. 45 pp. Boloria frigga NymphaJidae Frigga fritillary Anonymous. 1991a. History and evolution of the Endan­ Brachionyncha borealis Noctuidae Boreal gered Species Act. Fish and Wildlife Service Newsletter branchionyncha 90(Fall):1-2. muticum Lycaenidae Swamp metal- Anonymous. 1991b. Endangered and threatened wildHfe . mark 50 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 17.1 1. U.S. Catocala dulciola Noctuidae Quiet underwing Go vernment Printing Ofhce. pp. 90-122. Catocala il/ecta Noctuidae Magdalen under- wing Anonymous. 1991c. Box score listings and recovery plans. Catocala robinsoni Noctuidae Robinson's USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 16(7-8): 16. underwing Chlosyne gorgone Nymphalidae Gorgone Anonymous. 1992. Michigan's special animals. Endan­ carlota checkerspot gered, threatened, special concern, and probably Eacles imperialis pini Sa turniidae Pine imperial extirpated. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. moth 11 pp. Erebia discoidalis Nymphalidae Red-disked alpine Clough, M. W. 1992. Endangered and threatened wildlife Erora laeta Lycaenidae Early hairstreak and plants; proposed endangered status for the Kam er Erynnis baptisiae Hesperiidae Wild indigo dusky blue butterfly. Federal Register (Januarj 21, 1992). wing 57(13): 2241-2246. Euchloe ausonides Pieridae Large marble Drewry, G. (Ed.). 1991. Endangered and threatened wildlife Hemileuca maia Saturniidae Barrens buckmoth and plants; animal candidate review for listing as subrotata Small endangered or threatened species, proposed rule. heterocampa / Federal Register (November 21,1991 ). 56(225): 58804­ Heteropach~ rileyana t:asiocampidae Ril ey's lappet 58836. moth columbia Saturniidae Columbian silk- Rohlf, D.]. 1989. The endangered species act. Stanford Law moth School, Stanford, CA. Incisalia henrici Lycaenidae Henry' 5 elfin Merolonche dolli Noctuidae Doll's merolonche ambifusca Noctuidae Newman's The Cockroach Does Approach brocade The cockroach docs approach- macounii Nymphalidae Macoun's arctic And he cannot help he's a roach. Oncocnemis piffardi Noctuidae 3-striped He's a creature of the night, oncocnemia Shows his head as a food addict, Papaipema aweme Noctuidae Awemeborer Putting a human to fright, Papaipema beeriana Noctuidae Blazing star borer But he scurries when the lights click. Papaipema cerina Noctuidae Golden borer The cockroach is a pest, Papaipema maritima Noctuidae Maritime sun­ I'm sure to this you will attesti flo wer borer And trying to get rid of one Papaipema sciata Noctuidae Culvers root borer That knows every trick of the trade, Phyciodes batesii NymphaJidae Tawny Is simply no sort of fun, crescentspot For a roach knows how to evade. ?o.~go da gracilis Nymphalidae Hoary comma ? r.-~'rfT. r: :. ~ Sphingidae Yellow-banded The cockroach has been here, Oh, for many millions of years. . "1 - : ...... -.:.c _-1a.:.a. day sphinx ?tJ "iJ.""~=-__ ~r!l"~.~ Arctiidae Sprague's He knows how to stay alive, pygarctia Bein' a very good parent ~g:~ :,.~;r.-""' " I--!espe!"i:dae Grizzled skipper I'm sure he'll always survive Of this indeed I'm confident. 5parfiniphaga ir - . 'ocm -dae Spartina moth -Peter Lisk

October, 1992 [f!J~ ~,f@ tlJ~ 7nr~[ft] of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Wan te d: Preservationist organization For Sale, by the Young Entomologist's needs someone interested in , SOCiety, 1915 Peggy Place, Lansing, MI Notices , and other insects to work wi th 48910-2553. (Next four Notices). volunteers. Weekends in southern Michi­ (Notices will be run for a year or 4 numbers of > New Book: "Discover Butterflies", gan. Travel expenses will be paid. Please the Newsletter unless notified to drop them . written by Gary A. Dunn. Explore the contact Bill Bishop, 3172 Lake Dr., Lake Members des iring longer runs should notify fa Scinating world of butterflies - extraor­ Wilson, Hillsdale, MI 49249. Call 517-437­ newsletter editor, Robert Haack, USDA For­ dinary colors, amazing photographs, mi­ 48 13. es t Service, Nisbet Bldg., Rm. 22 0, 1407 S. grahon, survival, caterpillars and the Harrison Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823.) New Society: A new Society has been miracle of change. This 44 page hardcover formed: The Coleopterists, which book features hundreds of color photo­ New Book: Butterflies and Skippers of Ohio. has the aim to promote the study and graphs and drawings plus an infomlative Cost $40 plus $5 S&H for one copy, $7 for appreciation of . For more informa­ easy-to-read text. Ages 8 and up. Send two, and $10 for three or more. Ohio resi­ tion contact: Kip Will, 684 Riverview Dr. $10.95 (plus $1.50 S&H ). dents must add 5.75% state sales tax. Or­ #63, Columbus, OH 43202 or call: 614-447­ > International Entomology Resource 8126. der from: Ohio Biological Survey, 1315 Guide (4th ed.). Completely revised and Kinnear Rd , Columbus, OH 43212-1192. New Book: The Ontario Butterfly Atlas, by updated, including over 1175 businesses New Book: Learning About Butterflies, by Anthony Holmes, Quimby Hess, Ronald and organizations worldwide. Includes Carolyn Klass and Robert Dirig. Color Taskerand Alan J. Hanks. 175 pages, colour most complete list of insect zoos, butterfl y covers and centerspread, 16 figures, 36 plates, county maps, and more. Price $20 gardens and entomological organizations. pages; for ages lO-adult. The authors ap­ (before April 1) plus postage and appli­ 95pp! All orders postpaid: $10 in U.s., $12 proach butterflies of the Northeast from cable taxes. Contact Toronto Entomolo­ . in Mexico, and $13 in all other countries. gists' Association, 34 Seaton Drive, Au­ an inquiring perspective, prompting the :> Beautiful Bug Buttons!Show off your rora, ON L4G 2Kl , Canada. reader with questions, some implied and fa vorite "bug" wi th ourBug Buttons. Each some open-ended . To order, speci fy title New Book: Invertebrates of Michigan, a spe­ 2.25 inch button features a special insect or and publication number (Learning About cial issue of the Michigan Academician, Vol. , insect cartoon or entomologi­ Butterflies, 139-M-9) and send check for 24, No. 1 (Fall 1991). It contains sixteen cal slogan. Send a SASE for a complete list. $6.25 (payable to "Cornell University") to: papers and constitutes a preliminary list Bug buttons are $1.75 each (3 for $5), plus Resource Center, 7-8 Business & Technol­ of the invertebrates of Michigan, includ­ $.29 postage and handling for the first ogy Park, Cornell UniverSity, Ithaca, NY ing Bryozoa, leeches, earthworms, button and $.23 for each additional but­ 14850. Diplopoda, Chilopoda, isopods, spiders, ton. pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, mites, and For Sale: Insect Light Traps, for collecting :> Six-Legged Science: Insects in the more. Pri ce: $15.00. Send check payable to all orders of insects attracted to UV light. Classroom (Second Edition), written by and care of the Michigan Academy, 109 Available with 12 volt DC, 110 volt AC or Gary A. Dunn. This 48 page teacher's Argus II, 400 Fourth St., Ann Arbor MI, 12j ll0ACj IX power. 15 watt or 8 watt manual features an introd uction to teach­ 48103-4816. black light or black light black. Traps are ing about insects, starting an after school light weight and portable for easy use in Wanted: An inventory of ground and ti­ bug club, 14 insect study lessons with key any habitat. Standard features flow­ ger beetles of the western Lake Erie is­ points and more than 110 activities and through rain drain, and sorting screen to lands is underway. I solicit speci mens (es­ project ideas (each rated by grade level), protectsmall insects and Lepidoptera from pecially) and records of collections from insect study resource list, recommended being damaged by larger insects. Custom this area, including the Canadian islands books and references and a simple dia­ made. For a free brochure and additional and ad jacent U.S. mainland in Erie, grammatic key to insect orders. Send $5.95 information contact: LeroyC. Koehn, 2946 Sandusky, Ottawa, and Lucas Counties, (plus $1.05 S&H). N.W . 91 st A venue, Coral Springs, FL 33065. Ohio. I would appreciate hearing of col­ Telephone 305-344-3873 evenings. lectors and collections that might hold Wanted: Data on Michigan butterflies fo r use in a new publication on the butterflies New Publication: Foodplants of World these beetles. All specimens will be re­ of Michigan. Doubtful spedmens can be Saturniidae, by Stephen Stone. Lepidopt­ turned. Contact Foster Purrington, De­ erists' Society Memoir 4, xv + 186 pp. partmentof Entomology, B&Z Bldg., Ohio forwarded for determination orconfirma­ Prices: Lep. Society members and sub­ State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 tion. Especially interested in Lycaenidae scribers to other Lep. Society publications, or call (614) 292-2939. and Hesperiidae records. Contact M. C. 57.20 plus $2 mailing ($3 outside U.s.). Wanted: I would like to obtain a copy of Nielsen, 3415 Overlea Dr., lanSing, MI Nonmembers,$12 plusS2 mailing ($3out­ Tree & Shrub Insects of the Prairie Prov­ 48917. Phone: 517-321-2192. side U.s.). Send check or money order in inces by W.G.H. Ives and H.R. Wong. U.s. dollars to: Publications Coordinator, 1988, Information Report NOR-X-292. It Lepidopterists' Society, 1900 John St., was published by the Northern Forestry Manhattan Beach, CA 90266-2608, U.s.A. Cen tre, Canadian Forestry Service. Itis no longer in stock. Ifanyone knows of a copy please contact Barry Nichols, 7004 Ethan Allen Way, Louisville, KY 40272.

_ October, 1992 fM~Wf~!b~IT~[fJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1992 M.E.S. Annual Meeting- Topics and Speakers next three pages!

The 38th Annual Meeting of the Michigan Entomological Society was held at McDonel Hall on the campus of Michigan State University on June 25, 1992. The meeting was dedicated to the memory of Dr. Roland Fischer (September 9, 1924 to June 31992) by President Fred Stehr. Fifteen interesting talks were presented at the meeting, which Bob Haack presided over. Following are a few brief comments about each talk based on my notes. I take fu ll responsibility for all errors and misinterpretations of fact. I thank George Heaton for photographing the speakers and several members during the course of the meeting.

Robert A. Haack, Newsletter Editor

Martha Quentin (Dept. of Entomology, Michigan Daniel Herms (Dow Gardens, State University). Midland, Ml), Robert Haack (Forest Service, Ml), Matthew "Beans an d bruchids: An East Ayres (Forest Service, LA), and African perspecti ves." Bruce Ayres (Woods Run, Colfax, WI). Martha described the integral position that beans have in "Prey-predator coevolution in the diet of the peoples of East bark beetles and their preda­ Africa. She described bean tors." storage methods, traditional bruchid control techniques Dan discussed how ipsdienol, and new research directions. the aggregation pheromone of the bark beetle Ips pini, The two principal pests of comes in two structural forms, and how the relative ratio stored beans in eastern Afri ca of these two forms influences the blends' attractiveness to are the common bean weevil, ips as well as to this bark beetle's principal predator the Acanthoscelides obtectus, and the c1erid Thanasimus dubius. Dan described how changes Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes in blend production by ips could induce genetic subfasciatus. changes in blend response by the predator.

Justin Atkins and Richard Roeper Richard Roeper and Jamie McCallister (both: (both: Dept. of Biology, Alma Dept. of Biology, Alma College). College).

"Culture of the ambrosia beetle "Interaction of the ambrosia Xyltsarutms germanus (Scolytidae)." beetle Xyloterinus politus with its symbiotic microbes." scribed the biology of the _t e . ' './ l'5anilms Justin isolated five microbes from Xyloterinus ambrosia politus and its galleries: three fungi, one yeast, and one bacterium. He gave details on where each microbe was isolated and what substrates each could degrade. Interestingly, none were able to degrade cellulose.

EiIi October, 1992 ~ - V@[L, ~ 7J7.7~iftl of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ­ Jeffrey Sevener and Karin Grimnes. (both: Dept. of Biology Alma College).

"Reproductive accessory gland complex of Tribolium brevicornis." Paula Franchini and C. Lee Rockett (both: Dept. of Biologi­ Jeff described the accessory cal Sciences, Bowling Green gland complex of Tribolium State University). brevicornis and gave details on gland morphology, location, "Orabatid mites (Acari: number of cell types, and changes with beetle age. In Oribatida) - Indicator species future studies, additional tenebrionids wi]) be examined. for estimating the environmen­ tal impact of conventional and conservational tillage Jeff Strickler and Edward Walker (both: Dept. practices." of Entomology, Michigan State University). Paula and Lee discussed some "Seasonal abundance and diversity of adult of the pros & cons of both Tabanidae at Lake Lansing conventional and conserva­ Park-North." tional tillage. Although most studies focus on earthworms, Ned discussed the results of they demonstrated that this 2-yr study in which over orabatid mites are also good 12,000 tabanids were collected, indicator species. Overall, mite representing 31 species in 3 density and species diversity genera. Ned contrasted two increased when moving from trapping methods for collecting conventional tillage to no-till. deer flies and horse flies. During walks along park trails, Jeff recorded over 1000 tabanid attacks/hour on his person!

Ellen McEnhill (Michigan Tech) and Catherine Bristow James Zablotny and Catherine Bristow (both: Dept. of (Dept. of Entomology, Michigan State University). Entomology, Michigan State University). "Seasonal responses of workers of the Allegheny mound "Polymorphism and dinal variation in picipes: Formica exsectoides to artificial honeydews." Alternate hypotheses for the adaptive nature of coloration and ant-mimicry." Like many species of , the Allegheny mound ant collects honeydew from the Jim described the color variation found throughout the homopterans it tends. Ellen North American range of Euderces picipes, a smal l ant-like described how the preference cerambycid beetle. He told of for sugars and amino acids his plans to measure morpho­ changes from early to mid- to logical features of these beetles late-season. Sugar content and see which if any correlate seemed to regulate choice early with the change in color in the season, while amino pattern. These morphometric acids became more important analyses wi11 also be used to later in the season. examine the morphological convergence between Euderces and several species of ants.

_ October, 1992 fMfEW~fLfE1f1ffErm of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

------...... Leah Bauer (USDA Forest Service, MI) . Daniel Pavuk and Gary Barrett (Both: Dept. of Zool­ "Use of pathogens as biological control agents of ogy, Miami University, OH). gypsy moth." " Abundance of the green Leah gave an historical picture cloverworm, Plathypena scabra of biological control ap­ (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), proaches to gypsy moth in and associated predators and North America, including parasitoids in strip inter­ predators, parasites, virus, cropped soybean fungi, and microsporidia. She agroecosystems." gave details on two Michigan studies: one where an Dan described 1st-year results Entomaphaga fungus was on green c1overworm abun­ released and the other where a dance in soybean monocultures compared with soybean Nosema microsporid ian was fields that were intercropped with strips of corn, canola, or released. red clover. Dan also compared predator and parasite numbers among the different cropping treatments. Eugene Studier, Jolm Keeler and Steven Sevick (All : Dept. Robert Haack (USDA Forest Service, Michigan). of Biology, University of Michigan-Flint). "Life history patterns in orth American tree-feeding sawfl ies." "Nutrient composition of caterpillars pupae cocoons and Bob described how the number adults of the astern tent moth, of sawflies that utilize a specific Malacosoma americanum (Lepi­ of trees is positively doptera: Lasiocampidae)." related to the number of tree species in that genus, the John demonstrated that northern latitudinal limit of the concentrations of nitrogen and genus, and the abundance potassium decreased when going from small larvae, to (volume and number of large larvae, to pupae, and then to ad ults. In contrast, individuals) of the trees in that calcium concentrations increased with progressive life genus. Most trees that support stages. John discussed these fi ndings with respect to the sawflies are pioneer species, minimum nutritional requirements for mammals and birds. growing best in full sunlight (e.g., Alnus, Betula, Larix, Pinus, Populus, Prunus, and Salix) . Ronald Priest (Michigan Dept. of Agriculture, Lansing). James Miller, Joseph Spencer, Anthony Lentz, and "Michigan gypsy moth program and threatened and James Keller (All : Dept. of Entomology, Michigan endangered species." State University).

Ron reviewed Michigan's gypsy moth suppression pro­ "Insect sex peptides: Mate gram, which has increased from 9,000 acres sprayed with guarding via chemicals./I Bt in 2 counties in 1986 to over 250,000 acres in 22 counties in 1992. Ron reviewed the many oversights that the In insects, often the last sperm program has, including public to enter a female's spermatheca meetings, review for threat­ is the first out when time to ened and endangered species, fertilize eggs. For this reason, aircraft calibration, weather many argue, post-copulatory restrictions, and many more. mate guarding has evolved in Several reports were received insects. Jim Miller described tlus year of fli ghts over T&E how male-produced sex are s tor private work. peptides in the onion fly could .:!3 car :_ taken to substitute for mate guarding, because once delivered to the female during mating, her behavior suddenly changes away from in terest in further mating to laying eggs. IIfJIi October, 1992 fNj!5 - ~ "~ ~.s ~_-.= ~iii: of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY - Annual Meeting Photos

(Left to right, top to bottom) 1. Fred Stehr; 2. M.5.U. Sign; (left to right) MoNielsen & Bob Husband. Registration; 4. Bob Haack; 5. Mo Nielsen and Eric Ellis; 6. Kelly Johnson; 7. M.5.U. Campus - Red Cedar River; 8. Some of audience. Foreground: (left to right) Kelly Johnson, Bryan Bishop, Joe Spencer, Dan Herms, and Jim Keller; 9. M.5.U. Campus - Sanford Natural Area; 10. Mo Nielsen with his Gift of Appreciation for his many years of service as Executive Secretary of M.E.5.; 11. Fred Stehr presenting Mo Nielsen with Thank You Card from M.E.5. for his many years as Executive Secretary of M.E.5.; 12. Rob Lawrence and Dick Taylor. Michigan Entomological Society General Business The Most Deadly Animals...

Meeting Minutes Guesswhatanimalscausethe most deaths peryear in the United States to humans1This list was from a The Michigan Entomological Society (i.e., MES) met on recent issue of Shooting Magazine. Thursday, June 25, 1992, in the McDonel Hall kiva, Michi­ gan State University. There were morning and afternoon Animal Human deaths scientific paper sessions, fo llowed by a business meeting per year beginning at approximately 4:30 pm, at the conclusion of the last paper. Deer 131 Presiden t Fred Stehr chaired the meeting and called it to Bees 43 order. Dogs 14 Ra ttlesnakes 10 Orders of business: Spiders 4 1. President Stehr's first order of business was to call Sharks 1 for a moment of silence for Dr. Roland Fischer, Captive Elephants 1 recently deceased MES member and in-coming Scorpions .67 president. Rats .33 2. Fred Stehr offered to ·serve one m ore year as presi­ Goats .33 dent. Mo Nielsen so moved . Walker seconded. Vote Captive Leopards .33 was unanimous. Jellyfish .24 Coral Snakes .20 3. Potter Park Zoo (La nsing, Michigan) asked for help Alligators .1 7 in developing a butterfly garden display. This was Grizzly Bears .13 discussed, with no action taken. Vote was yes. Mountain Lions .11 4. Fred Stehr noted that MES had received an invita­ Captive Monkeys .05 tion from the Ontario Ent. Soc. and Can. Ent. Soc. to Stingrays .05 hold a jOin t meeting .in the fall of 1993, to be held in Vultures .01 the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie in late September or early October. Discussion was considerable, and dealt with issues such as: registration fees; fall meeting and teaching obligations of some members; 6. Journal Editor Mark O'Brien reported on the status overnight stay and meeti ng session w ould make it of the Great Lakes Entom ologist. The summer issue difficult for some members to attend ; possibility of is at the typesetters. Submissions are at a substantial weekend meeting; MES gives graduate and under­ rate, and each number is running about 62-64 pages. grad uate students the opportunity to give a talk in He noted the new typeface. Papers accepted for front of a small grou p of their friends and peers. publicatioon are booked one to two issues ahead at Walker was d irected to follow-up these discussions all times (i .e., winter issue has papers). with a phone call to Steve Marshall, of the Ontario 7. Bob Haack, Newsletter Editor, gave a report. he Ent. Soc., fo r further information. not d that he is always looking for contributions 5. Old business. (517-355-7740) . The financial report was filed by Treasurer pro tern, 8. There was no new business. Mo Nielsen. He has filed a copy with the IRS, and 9. The Governing Board of MES, announced by Fred copies are available. The current total balance is Stehr, prepared a gift to thank Mo Nielsen for his $19,349.39. The treasurer projects a $15,000 expendi­ years as executive secretary/ treasurer. Mo was ture coming for the year. Additional dues for this presented with a card and a gift-a portable Macin­ y ar will be ca. $2,500. Subscriptions and journal tosh computer. sub idies generate about $7,500-8,000 income. 10. . f m '"-· ·r tands at 480+. President Stehr called for the meeting to be ad­ journed.

_1ichigan Entomological Society is published as four numbers yearly, at irregular intervals. Please send a.; notes, n .. insect records, news reI ases, notices, season summaries, membership inquiries, etc. to Robert Haack, C S .D.A . ForestSep"ce, Room 220, 1407 S. Harrison Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823.

October, 1992 fM(g W#~lL ~ -tr{gMi of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 4. Mo Nielsen discussed the importance for authors Michigan Entomological con tributing ,to the MES journal, the Great Lakes Ento­ Society Governing Board mologist, to please remit within 30 days the notice of billing for page and publication charges. Mo noted Meeting Minutes that he had to remove funds from the CD to cover certain charges as best as possible, until tardy bills The Michigan Entomological Society governing board met were received. The board agreed that contributing on June 25, 1992, in the afternoon, after the general society authors should diligently process these bills. business meeting. Dr. Fred Stehr, MES President, called the 5. Cathy Bristow asked forresults of the society election, meeting to order. in order to list the members of the new MES governing Orders of Business: board. Election and list are as follo ws: 1. Gary Dunn, Young Entomologists Society executive Pres. Fred Stehr director, asks for support of Y.E.S. in the amount of Past Pres. Fred Stehr $350.00. Mark O'Brien reviewed Mr. Dunn's report to Pres. Elect Cathy Bach M.E.5. There was extensive discussion of Y.E.S., Mr, Dunn's acti vities and MES support. Motion (B ristow) Secretary pro tern Ned Walker to continue support for Y.E.S. Second, Herms. Unani­ Treasurer pro tern Mo Nielsen mous. Member-at-Iarge (1990-93) Cathy Bristow 2. Discussion of intersociety meeting at the Canadian Member-at-Iarge (91-94) Ron Priest Sault Ste. Marie, in conjunction with the Ontario and Member-at-large (92-95) Dan Herms Canadian Entomological Societies. Discussion in­ Journal Editor Mark O'Brien cluded that for members from small schools, the MES one-day meeting is importan t. Travel cou ld be a prob­ Newsletter Editor Bob Haack lem. Could get a charter bus. This could be established Associate Newsletter Editor George Heaton or viewed as a 'breaking diapause" type meeting, rather than as the MES annual meeting. 6. Bob Haack brought up this point of discussion: is the MES showing a downward trend in income? Mo 3. Discussion (initiated by Mo Nielsen) that MES ought Nielsen, treasurer, indica ted that MES may have to have a promotional brochure. He has a mock up. peaked out, and income and expenditures are leveling Motion (Mark O'Brien) that MES design and prepare off. The lastdues increase went from $8 to $10, starting a brochure. Fred Stehr second. Discussion following January, 1992. was to setupa subcomrnittee(Walker,Nielsen,O'Brien as members). Unanimous support for this effort.

Insects: A Culinary Sampler

Insects appear on dinner tables in thousands of fo rms worldwide. A few examples are: Africa Latin America Caterpillars. In somecountries more than 30 varieties appear Mexican caviar. Aquatic true bug eggs are considered a on the table, fried with onions and tomatoes and eaten as a delicacy in Mexico, served in elite urban restaurants. relish. Many people in southern Africa prefer caterpillars to Escamoles. Ant pupae, fried in butter, look like Rice Krispies beef. and taste like nuts. Beetle grubs. Thrown in stew for flavor, they are a great Honey ants don't necessarily taste like honey. These ants source of fat. come in different flavors, depending on what they've been Termites and are popular as are certain crick­ eating - honey, butter, vinegar, Coca Cola. ets, ants and bee larvae. Le afculter ants. Kids eat these roasted (instead of popcorn) at the movies. Asia Aquatic insects are moreimportant as a food source here than University of , College of in other regions. Crickets, grasshoppers, bee larvae and ants Agricultural & Life Sciences Quarterly, 1992 also appear on the menu.

October, 1992 [j:(jgfJ!W@!bgUUg[fJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Michigan Entomological Society Michigan Entomological Society Financial Statement Statement ofFinancial Condition as of 31 December 1991 12 Months Ending 31 December 1991 (Period of 1 Jan. 1991 to 31 Dec. 1991)

Receipts Assets Savings Account Interest ...... $1,415.02 Current A ssets Dues ...... 4,558.00 Cash on Hand ...... $21,886.76 Subscriptions, The Great Lakes Entomologist ...... 2,830.00 Accounts Receivable ...... 2,620.00 Sale of Separates to Authors ...... 1,730.00 Prepayments (Postal Fee) ...... 75.00 Sale of Back Issues, Journal and Newsletter ...... 147.05 Inventories: Subsidy (page costs) ...... 5,040.00 Postage ...... $ 28.19 Annual Meeting Registration Fees ...... 200.00 Supplies, Equipment ...... 500.00 Donations, Decals, Mise. Income ...... 94.43 Newsletters, at cost (est.) ...... 600.00 Total Receipts ...... $ 16,014.50 Th e Great Lakes Entomologist, at cost (est) ...... 3,500.00 Disbursements Total Inventory ...... 4,828.19 Banking Charges ...... $ 36.80 Total Current Assets ...... $29,209.95 Publication Expenses: Newsletter, print and mail ...... $ 1,855.13 Liabilities Journal, compose, print, mail ..... 11,326.10 13,181.23 Current Liabilities Postage ...... 271.18 Life Memberships (12) ...... $ 1,960.00 Mailing Services ...... 1,167.82 Prepaid subscriptions ...... 1,925.00 Graphics Misc. Services/Printing ...... 1,057.68 Prepaid dues ...... 2,338.00 Supplies, Equipment ...... 499.17 Dues in Arrears ...... 748.00

J Annual Meeting Expenses ...... 414.60 Total Current Liabilities ...... •...... 6,971.00 Youth Organizations Support ...... 550.00 Surplus ...... 22,238.95 Misc. (Copyrights, Insurance, etc.) ...... 160.69 Total ....•...... $29,209.95 Total Disbursements ...... $17,339.17 Monies of the Society, 31 December 1991 Mempership: As of 31 December 1991, the Society had 477 Petty Cash ...... 22.60 members in good standing-compared to 470 on December Checking Account ...... 3,989.65 1990. Savings Account ...... 17,874.51 $21,886.76 Subscriptions: As of 31 December 1991 there were 164 Monies of the Society, 31 Dec. 1990 paid subscriptions to The Great Lakes Entomologist. (last fiscal report) ...... 22,792.18 M.e. Nielsen, Treasurer

MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NONPROFIT ORG. U. S. POSTAGE PAID East Lansing, Mich . DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY M ICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY PERMIT NO. 14 EAST LANSING. MICHIGAN 48823

ADDRE SS CORRECTIO N REQUESTED

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