Jadranko Prlić's Final Brief
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IT-04-74-T 69939 D69939 - D69743 29 March 2011 TR THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No. IT-04-74-T Before: Judge Jean-Claude Antonetti, Presiding Judge Arpad Prandler Judge Stefan Trechsel Reserve Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua Registrar: Mr. John Hocking Date filed: 29 March 2011 THE PROSECUTOR v. JADRANKO PRLIĆ BRUNO STOJIĆ SLOBODAN PRALJAK MILIVOJ PETKOVIĆ VALENTIN ĆORIĆ BERISLAV PUŠIĆ REDACTED PUBLIC VERSION JADRANKO PRLIĆ’S FINAL BRIEF Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. Kenneth Scott Mr. Douglas Stringer Counsel for the Accused: Mr. Michael G. Karnavas and Ms. Suzana Tomanović for Jadranko Prlić Ms. Senka Nožica and Mr. Karim A. A. Khan for Bruno Stojić Mr. Božidar Kovačić and Ms. Nika Pinter for Slobodan Praljak Ms. Vesna Alaburić and Mr. Z. Ivanišević for Milivoj Petković Ms. Dijana Tomašegović-Tomić and Mr. Dražen Plavec for Valentin Ćorić Mr. Fahrudin Ibrišimović and Mr. Roger Sahota for Berislav Pušić 69938 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 II. STANDARD OF PROOF........................................................................................... 3 A.Presumption of innocence and proof of guilt beyond reasonable doubt................... 3 B.No adverse inference can be drawn from the silence of the Accused....................... 5 III. DR. JADRANKO PRLIĆ’S BACKGROUND......................................................... 6 IV. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARTICLE 7(1) ........ 12 A. Joint Criminal Enterprise (“JCE”) ........................................................................... 12 i. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 12 ii. JCE III is not customary international law............................................................ 13 iii. It is proper to raise the question of JCE’s applicability at this stage ................... 15 iv. The Trial Chamber may depart from the findings of the Tadić Appeals Chamber on this issue................................................................................................ 16 v. If JCE is found to be applicable, it must be interpreted restrictively .................... 17 B. Other modes of liability under Article 7(1).............................................................. 17 i. Planning.................................................................................................................. 18 ii. Instigating.............................................................................................................. 18 iii. Ordering ............................................................................................................... 18 iv. Committing........................................................................................................... 18 v. Otherwise Aiding and Abetting............................................................................. 19 1. Aiding and abetting through a positive act............................................................ 19 2. Aiding and abetting by omission........................................................................... 19 3. Aiding and abetting by omission proper................................................................ 20 4. Aiding and abetting by tacit approval and encouragement ................................... 20 V. RESPONSIBILITY OF CIVILIAN SUPERIORS UNDER ARTICLE 7(3) ...... 21 A. Existence of a superior-subordinate relationship..................................................... 21 B. The superior knew or had reason to know that the criminal act was about to be or had been committed .............................................................................................. 22 C. Failure to take necessary or reasonable measures to prevent or punish ............... 24 VI. CONCURRENCE OF THE MODES OF INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY................................................................................................... 25 VII. THE DEFENCE CASE .......................................................................................... 25 A. The importance of context .................................................................................... 25 B. The 1990 elections ................................................................................................ 26 C. Efforts of the internationals .................................................................................. 31 IT-04-74-T i 29 March 2011 69937 D. Rounds of negotiations ......................................................................................... 32 E. Improbability of Karađorđovo .............................................................................. 32 F. War breaks out between the SFRY and Croatia ................................................... 34 G. JNA attacks against Croatia & the UN/UNPROFOR Involvement...................... 35 H. BiH........................................................................................................................ 36 I. Decentralization and public service delivery at the municipal and regional level in BiH before the war................................................................................................ 38 J. The importance of the Social Accounting Office (SDK)...................................... 39 K. The impact of the war on BiH............................................................................... 39 L. Elections in Bosnia: what did the results mean?................................................... 41 M. Muslims secretly were organizing and planning for war.................................. 43 N. The beginning of regionalization.......................................................................... 44 O. The birth of the HZ HB......................................................................................... 46 P. Preparations for the referendum............................................................................ 47 Q. HVO establishment on 8 April 1992 .................................................................... 50 R. Graz....................................................................................................................... 51 S. The Statutory Decision of 15 May 1992............................................................... 53 T. Statutory Decision of 13 June 1992.......................................................................... 54 U. The development of regionalization ..................................................................... 56 V. Dr. Prlić’s involvement with the Mostar Special Purpose Council ...................... 56 W. HZ HB Presidency meeting dated 3 July 1992 ....................................................... 59 X. Friendship and Cooperation Agreement dated 21 July 1992................................ 63 Y. 14 August 1992 ........................................................................................................ 65 Z. Dr. Prlić’s interview – 17 August 1992 ................................................................ 70 AA. London Conference (26-28 August 1992) ............................................................ 73 BB. 17 September 1992 ................................................................................................ 74 CC. 17 October 1992 .................................................................................................... 77 DD. HDZ Convention in November 1992.................................................................... 81 EE. General remarks on the responsibility and work of the HVO HZ HB................... 82 FF. The relationship between the HVO HZ HB and the Presidency............................ 87 GG. The relationship between the HVO HZ HB and the municipalities...................... 89 HH. The Department of Finance................................................................................... 91 II. The Department of General Administration and Justice.......................................... 96 JJ. Institutions Concerning Refugees.......................................................................... 104 KK. The Department of Defence................................................................................ 114 LL. Prisons & Detentions Facilities............................................................................ 119 MM. 15 January 1993................................................................................................. 122 NN. Okruzy (districts) (March 1993).......................................................................... 131 OO. Međugorje ........................................................................................................... 134 PP. The Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna (HR HB).............................................. 136 QQ. Washington Agreement and the establishment of the Federation....................... 139 RR. The Mladić Notebooks ........................................................................................ 139 i. Exhibit P11376 - Mladić Notebook entry 5 October 1992............................. 139 ii. Exhibit P11377 - Mladić Notebook entry 6 October 1992............................. 141 iii. Exhibit P11380 - Mladić Notebook entry 26 October 1992........................... 142 iv. Exhibit P11388 - Mladić Notebook entry 31 January 1994 ........................... 144 v. Exhibit P11389 - Mladić Notebook entry