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1 COM 320, History of Film French New Wave 1 COM 320, History of Film French New Wave Examples Pre-New Wave: The French New Wavers rebelled against the “status quo” of French filmmaking. with some exceptions, e.g., The Four Jeans!: A. Jean Vigo -Vigo is still revered as a true innovator, one who unfortunately died young—at age 29, having complete only 4 films! -e.g., Zero for Conduct, Jean Vigo, 1933: This film draws on Vigo's boarding school boyhood to reveal a repressive educational establishment in which surreal acts of rebellion are depicted B. Jean Renoir -The son of impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir is considered the master of French Poetic Realism, with his grounded examinations of social issues -e.g., Rules of the Game, Jean Renoir, 1939: In this film, the parallel social orders of the landed gentry and their servants are explored C. Jean-Pierre Melville -Born Jean-Pierre Grumbach, he took the name Melville during his time in the French Resistance as a tribute to Herman Melville -Known for his “minimalist” detective and film noir works (e.g., Bob le Flambeur (Bob the Gambler), 1956; Le Samourai, 1967) D. Jean Cocteau (1998-1963) -Known first for his spectacular surrealist films (e.g., The Blood of a Poet, 1930) -e.g., Beauty and the Beast, Jean Cocteau, 1946: Having moved from surrealism to fantasy, Cocteau provides an “icy perfection” in this beautifully photographed fairy tale New Wave 1. Le Beau Serge, Claude Chabrol, 1958 Clip: “Snowy rescue” -Story set in small rural community; examines the nature of friendship -Very early French New Wave–note the long takes, roughness to the footage, sense of realism (a “bridge” between Italian Neorealism and mainstream FNW) 2. The 400 Blows, Francois Truffaut, 1959 Clip: Ending--“Reaching the sea” -Semi-autobiographical story of young boy who turns to life of petty crime -Note the famous ending–long tracking shot followed by freeze frame 3. Jules and Jim, Francois Truffaut, 1961 Clips: “Introduction to Catherine”; “Footrace” -Starring Jeanne Moreau, Oskar Werner, Henri Serre -Love triangle gone wrong 2 -Note how we meet Catherine–with multi-angle shots and jump cuts; the footrace sequence is characteristic of the loose, “anything goes” forms that FNW can take–very selective audio (e.g., we hear them breathing), very jumpy handheld camera 4. Breathless, Jean-Luc Godard, 1959 Clip: Ending: “What’s a scumbag?” -Starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Jean Seberg -Romanticized gangster-hero takes up with American girl and goes on the lam -Note the overall violation of “classic” editing techniques–jump cuts, violation of 180- degree rule, sudden time jumps (elliptical cutting in the extreme), actor looks at camera; also, handheld 5. Alphaville, Jean-Luc Godard, 1965 Clips: “The electronic brain”; “Weirdest car chase ever”; “He cried when his wife died” -Starring Eddie Constantine, reprising his popular Lemmy Caution character from French detective films of the 1950's -Revisionist science fiction examines society run by an “electronic brain”. yeah -Note the pseudo-freeze frames (a la My Own Private Idaho much later) that seem to capture the “essence” of the scene; sudden switch to negative footage; the strange, surreal, almost comical “car chase” 6. Last Year at Marienbad, Alain Resnais, 1961 Clip: “Flashing back” -A non-linear narrative about a man and woman who may (or may not) have met “last year at Marienbad,” and their divergent memories of the event (or non-event)–got that? -Note the shifting rhythm of the editing back and forth into the flashback; look for repeated footage, repeated events with different footage; Resnais’ ultimate experiment with time, geometry, memory, and reality 7. The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, Jacques Demy, 1964 Clip: “For a thousand summers. I will wait for you” -Starring Catherine Deneuve, Nino Castelnuovo -Operatic musical about young lovers separated by war -Music by Michel Legrand, a favorite among New Wavers -Note the use of primary colors–audacious throughout (in parts not seen here, the characters’ clothes sometimes even match the wallpaper) -Note the use of a dolly to make the characters glide rather than walk (a la Spike Lee later) Also recommended: Hiroshima, Mon Amour, Alain Resnais, 1959 Henri Langlois: Phantom of the Cinematheque, Cleo from 5 to 7, Agnes Varda, 1962 Jacques Richard, 2004 Contempt, Jean-Luc Godard, 1963 The Beaches of Agnes, Agnes Varda, 2008 Weekend, Jean-Luc Godard, 1967 And many more ! 11/16 .
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