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1965 EC65-1163 Products designed for Modern Cleaning Clara Leopold

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Leopold, Clara, "EC65-1163 Products designed for Modern Cleaning" (1965). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. 3743. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/3743

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far PraduEtS Designed far modern [leaning By Mrs. Clar:a N. Le opold State Exte nsion Specialist, Home Management

Whether the home is a tiny apartment, or a full-sized house, cleaning makes up a very large part of house care. And whethe r you a re a novice at the business of home­ making , or you' re an "old pro," you can't be an expert these days unless you are famil­ iar with modem cleaning products that save time and work.

In any home there are different kinds of soil, each needing its own particular type of cleaning agent and method. There are many surfaces that must be cleaned -- w ash­ able and non-washable, smooth and rough, hard and soft, absorbent and non -absorbent. Some of the se surfaces will have to b e renewe d or replaced often. Others will remain in good condition for years with proper care. To give them proper care you must:

1. Know something about the different kinds of soil and soil removers. 2. Know the characteristics of the surface materials. 3. Know which cleaning product and method are suitable for each surface. 4 . Follow the manufacturer's directions and precautions in using the cleaning product.

Science and industry have dev eloped a great variety of detergents, polishers, finish­ es, and equipment to aid the home maker in removing soil before it becomes set and dif­ ficult to clean.

-WHAT IS OIL?------Ice cream in a cone, while you are eating Sticky - consisting of sugars and starches it, is not soil. But the same ice cream from grimy fingers on furniture, sticky food or spilled on the car s eat, on the living room simple adhesives almost anywhere. couch, on the floor , or left in the spoon is ..e_ oil. A simple definition might be: Soil is matter out of place. Cleaning, there fore, consists of removing a substance called soil or dirt from a surface where it doesn't belong .

There are six types of soil to be removed Stains - consisting of grass or food stains from surface s. If any of these soils are al­ on fabrics and surfaces, some dried-on spill­ lowed to accumulate the task of removing ed liquids. them is increasingly difficult.

Soil may be characterized as:

Loose - consisting of dust, lint, s mall scraps of paper or thread, c rumbs, freshly spilled liquids. Corrosion - consisting of wate r hardness minerals collecting on plumbing fix tures, · ··~~~11~~~;.;:~~t~~ tarnish. Greasy - consisting of fats and oils from foods, the car, the household oil can, grease holding other soils, hair and body oils . ~~~

3 Films - consisting oi -f-ttfTtes of cooking

and burning fuci condensing 1 ming ling with the dust in the air and settling on all sur­ fac es in the house; residue when surfaces are not rinsed thoroughly; wax that has been applied for added protection .

-KINDS OF SOIL REMOVERS------Cleaning the many surfaces in a home is not a simple matter. The soil is often a mixture of several types. The right choice of cleaner is important to pres erve the finish and extend its life, as well as for best appearance. Much of the soil cannot be removed with water alone, so other appropriate cleaning agents become necessary.

Examples, by classification of purpose and trade names of cleaners 1 are given at the end of this bulletin .

The e ight household cleaning agent ingredients can be classified as:

LWATER Soft water cleans better than hard water. The presence of mine rals such as calcium and magnesium combine with c ertain other substances to make a stic ky curd that is ~ ~~- difficult to rinse away. To know the amount ~ ~ ------~ _"'_"-_ of hardness in the water from a certain source ~- --....ii, ---- ~ _"!:r~"'- IV- ~ -- ... _ ~,. -a: _._ · -~ it can be tested I and labeled either as "grains ·"'--=-~~ :...-: ...

SCALES OF WATER HARDNESS Description Grains perU . S. Gallon Parts per million

Relatively s oft 0 - 3 0 - 5 1 Moderate ly hard 4 - 7 52 - 119 Ha rd 8 - 20 120 - 342 Very hard 21 - 50 343 - 85 5 Extreme ly hard 51 - plus 856 -plus

SOURCE: The W ater Conditioning Foundation

A simple home method for determining approximate hardness of water is to use tinc­ ture of green soap (a liquid from drug store s) . Using an eye dropper I drop o ne dro p at a time into 1/ 4 cup w ate r. After each drop shake the jar w ell. If no suds or only a w eak suds forms 1 c ontinue adding drop at a time of green soap. The number of drops req uired to get a firm suds that lasts two minutes in the opened jar 1 giv e s the approxi­ mate number of grains hardness . For tests to determine other troublesome factors in the wate r supply 1 like iron rust 1 a sample can b e submitted to a pump company I a testing laboratory I t o local me chanic al softener dealer, or to the local water supply s e rvic e. Most of the s e o ffe r free water analysis service .

4 Usually another cleaning agent is added to water to make it work more effi ci e ntly. In most cases water should be used in small quantities to avoid loosening joinings and glue, raising wood grain, and getting it under surfaces, making them swell or buckle , and saturating soft surfaces. The temperature of the water can be important too, for warm water cleans. and rinses better than cold.

A mechanical water softener installed in the plumbing system is the best solution to the hard water problem. Lacking a mechanical softener, a packaged crystalline softene r of conditioner can be added to the water to "tie up" the hardness minerals that contribute to the formation of soap scum and interfere with the cleaning power and the rinsing out o.f any detergent. Two types usually available in grocery store s have identifying c hara c ­ t erics shown below:

WATER SOFTENERS OR CONDITIONERS* Precipitating Non-Precipitating*

Water looks cloudy ... Water remains clear

Softener combines with ... Conditioner holds calc ium calcium and magnesium and magnesium, and a to form tiny solid limited amount of inactiv e particles that settle out. iron, in suspe nsion in the w ater .

. . . Very alkaline ... Slightly alkaline

in the water can be detected by the sli pp ~ry , silky fee ling . Alkaline solutions should be made only strong enough for the job and a l­ 2. ways should be rinsed away at once . If not rinsed thoroughly an alkali can continue t o ALKALIS work, particularly on a humid day. They a re v ery e ffective in removing a heavy a ccu mu­ The se are often added to wate r to increase lation of soil without a l ot of ru bbing t o its cleaning pow e r . The presence of alkali loosen it.

Because they readily remove oily kinds of soil, they also tak e oil from hands t hat are working in alkaline solutions and from such items as linoleum and oil-base pai nts. Some alkalis cause certain dyes to bleed and thus dull c olors. Othe r disadvantages of alkalis are their tendency to weaken wool and silk fibers, and to darken and corrode aluminum surfaces. AL K ALIS

r Ammonia Oven cleaners W ashing s oda Baking soda Paint cleaners Wat e r conditioners Brush cle aners Pine oil cleaners Wate r softeners Caustic soda (lye) Soaps W ax re move rs Chlorine bleach Syndets Window cle ane rs Drain pipe cleane rs Trisodium phosphate

*Identifie d by the words "conditioner" or "normalize r" on the box .

5 ~-ACIDS Acids are often found in common foods -- vinegar, tomatoes, citrus fruits. Solutions of acid such as oxalic, hydrochloric and muriatic acid are found in commercial prep­ arations. Most acids have a sharp, pierc­ ing odor. They are useful in removing tarnish, rust and other metallic stains from metal objects, plumbing fixtures and fabrics . Acids should be used with great care to protect the surface and/or fiber. They can gradually dissolve the gloss surface of ceramic tile and porcelains, spoiling the lustre. They can eat away a fabric while removing the stain if they are not handled properly. Some acids are dangerous to use. Many are poisonous. Toilet bowl cleaners contain such strong acids that they should be used in toilet bowls only -- they will damage other surfaces. Metallic tarnish removers are highly poisonous.

ACIDS

Aluminum cleaners Dip silver cleaners Sour milk Citrus fruit (citric) Grapes (tartaric) Toilet bowl cleaners Copper cleaners Rhubarb leaves (oxalic) Tomatoes (ascorbic) Cream of tartar (tartaric) Rust removers Vinegar (ace tic)

4.SOAPS

Soaps are a combination of animal fat and/or vegetable oils and a strong alkali. In soft water they are effective for cleaning because they help water to remove more dirt than it can remove alone.

To meet different cleaning requirements some soaps are manufactured for light-duty, such as personal bathing and for laundering of fine fabrics and delicate fibers. The heavy-duty soaps are made to wash surfaces which have a heavy accumulation of dirt. They differ from the light-duty soaps in that they have additional alkali to increase their cleaning ability. The word soap on the label will identify either type of soap , and they can be judged for light-or heavy-duty by the emphasis for recommended use -- fine fabrics and dishes vs. general family wash, stubborn dirt and many other cleaning jobs.

Soap has some definite disadvantages in hard and/or cold water. Its scum deposit on utensils, fixtures and fabrics is annoying, its alkaline boosters may cause damage to fabrics and surfaces, and it is ineffective with an acid. Warm water melts the fat to release the cleaning agents more readily. Soaps are available in bar, granular, flake and liquid fonns .

6 5. SYNTHETIC D£TERGENTS Cleansing agents s ynthesized chemically from a variety of ra w materials derived from

pet roleum I fatty acids and other sources are called synthetic detergents. They are avail­ able in dry and liquid forms I in pre-measured tablets and soluble packets. Sometimes they are referred to as soapless soaps I synthetic

detergents I and syndets. The word detergent on the labe l will identify it.

Syndets are two types -- light duty 1 and heavy duty. By reading the label it is pos­ sible t o distinguish between thos e intended for lightly soiled articles or for general laundry or cleaning.

Recently another group of synthetic det ergents has been a dded to the market. These are all-purpose liquid detergents containing a solvent or ammonia for general heavy duty household cleaning.

Syndets perform well in any t ype water -- hard, soft I alkaline or acid 1 and are more effective in cold water than are soaps. They are easily rinsed out because they do not form scum and curd. Because all-purpose or heavy duty s yndets have alkali added to

them I they may cause the same kind of damage described in the paragraphs on alkalis,

depending on how muc h alkali is present; and I of c ourse I on how w ell they a re rinsed out.

6.FAT SOLVENTS This is a chemical in liquid form for s pot removal and cleaning. It is more effectiv e than water in breaking down drops of oil .

Moreover I some fabrics can be safely cleaned in fat solvent but would be harmed by wat er .

Many fat solvents are dangerous to us e . Those that do not ignite or explode give off fumes. The fumes can be serious health hazards if they a re inhaled . Label s s hould be read carefully and di rections followed closely . Only small amounts should be used

at a time I preferably out-of-doors I or with good c ross v e ntilation. Pilot lights and cigarettes should be put out. Some special purpose cleaners have not onl y solvents but other cleaning agents in them . It is always advisable to test a fat solve nt on a n inconspicuous part of a colored surface to be sure it is c olorfast.

FAT SOLVENTS

Alcohol Floor wax removers Pine oils Benzene Gasoline Rug clea ners Carb on tetrachloride Kerosene Special all-purpos e c leaners "Dry" cleaners Naphtha Spot removers

7 1 FAT ABSORBENTS This is a dry material that will absorb or take yp oil and fat. Dirt that is absorbed can then be brushed away. The material will take up light I fresh oils and grease and is safe on many surfaces and fabrics that would be harmed by water. Some absorbents are com­ bined with a fat solvent to increase their cleaning power and to dampen them so they will adhere to vertical surfaces. Sometimes the fine powder is difficult to remove from closely woven fabrics.

FAT ABSORBENTS

Blotters Fuller's earth Sawdust Cornmeal Lime Talcum Cornstarch Paper tissues Wallpaper cleaners French chalk (talc) Rug cleaners

8. ABRA~IVES This product cleans by friction . Some are much coarser than others I ranging from steel wool and sandpaper to whiting and rottenstone powders. Many abrasive and polishing products contain detergents to soften their action. They include scouring powders I pastes I pads I polishes and polish­ ing cloths.

Abrasives scour or scratch off tarnish I stains I hardened particles of food and other unwanted substances. A good general rule is to use the mildest (finest) abrasive that will do the job to avoid marring with ugly scratches and removing gloss finish. When finish has been damaged there is little that can be done to restore it.

Many household abrasives have some bleach added. Special cleaners are available for cleaning specific surfaces. All metal cleaners have an acid added to the abrasive.

ABRASIVES

Aluminum oxide Powdered earth Silver polishes (creams) (production paper) Pumice Strands of metal Garnet paper Rottenstone Strands of plastic Iron oxide Sand Whiting (j ewele r's rouge) Sandpaper Metal turnings Scouring pads Polishing cloths Scouring powder

8 -NAME THAT CLEANER------The follow ing list of household cleaners is classified a ccording to use and type. The list is b y no means complete. Some may be more available locally than others.

Although brand names are used for clarification I no e ndorsement of specific products

is intended I nor is critic ism implied of those not mentioned.

A reminder: It is important not only to use the right kind of cleaner but also to us e it

correctly. Some floor cleaners are solvent-based I others water-based. Use solvent-based products in well-ventilated rooms and avoid prolonged breath­ ing of fumes. Be cautious about over-wetting, and/or agitation and friction. Follow directions carefully. Floor Cleaners

For Asphalt & Vinyl Tile:* Kentile Cleaner Renuzit Floor Cleaner Shetland Wax Remover Armstrong's Floor Cleaner Stanley Floor Cleaner Bruce Wash'n Wax Bruce Cold Water Cleaner Wax Stripper & Wood Cleaner Johnson's Klean Floor Johnson's Klear Robbin's Floor C 1eaner (*)For Rugs & Carpeting: (Sawdust types are difficult to remove Combination Wax Cleaner (buffable): from nylon fibers) 1. Neutral detergents*-(non-alkaline): a. For floor treated with self­ Breeze Joy polishing wax; Dreft Swerl Armstrong's Wax Cleaner Drene Trend Halo Vel b. For floors treated with polishing wax: 2. Kinds of commercial cleaners: Bruce Floor Cleaner a. Dry Combination Cleaner-Polish: Drybriten Johnson's (non -buffable) Glamorene Powderene Host Sprinkle Klean Armstrong's One-Step Esquire Clean 'n Guard Dri-Brite (Saw dust base cleaners are not Johnson's Beautiflor recommended for nylon I according to Kleen Guard rug manufacturers) Reefer's -Galler-All-in-One Simoniz Vista b. W et (Foam Type) --sis sell Wax Strippers Du Pont Duo Dellay Glamorene Aerowax Removaer Service Master Fiber Fresh Bruce 5-Minute Remover Stave Carpet & Stain Removar Charm House Floor Cleaner ( 4 formulas) Electrolux Cleaner & Stripper Charm House Johnson's Klean Floor

*For detailed information on general care and waxes for hard surfaces see E. C. 61-115 2 1

Care of Surfacing Materials. (*) For care of soft floor coverings see E.G. 61-1154 1 Care of Carpets and Rugs. Available from Nebraska County Extension Offices.

9 Furniture Polish-Cleaners

A reminder. Polishes containing silicone should not be used on pieces you might want to refinish at some time. Problems sometimes arise because the new finish

cannot adhere to the silicone 1 which is difficult to remove. Self-polishing waxes often contain silicones. Some furniture manufacturers give care di­

rections on their tags. Unless manufacturer recommends otherwise 1 any kind of wax can be used on all finishes except oil. Blonde finishes need special care to avoid darkening.

Cleaner-Waxes Treated Cloths Aerosol Bottled

Bon Ami Dust'n Wax Charm House Dust'n Wax Bon-Ami One-Wipe Charm House Twin Cleaner Dusorb- spray Dri-Glo Golden Star Lemon Oil Endust Johnson's Pride Johnson's Pledge Johnson's Instant Pride Renuzit Spray 0 'Cedar Cream Rub-on Cleaner (also liquid) Reviva Cleaner & Spot Remover Simonize Tone Simonize Hi-Lite Tre Bien

General Household Cleaners

Most of them are alkali-built detergents mainly intended to wash hard surfaces.

CRYSTALLINE household cleaners are LIQUIDS are formulated with less builder I formulated with more builder. Need may contain solvents as pine oil or to be dissolved in water to make a naphtha for cleaning action 1 or ammonia cleaning solution. In general 1 their for grease-cutting action. May be di­ uses are the same as for liquids. luted with water as directed on label for

Follow directions. specific uses I or used full strength to

remove spots I grease and stubborn Ajax Soilax stains. Follow directions . Kitchen Klatter Spic and Span Perfex Tyro Ajax Mr. Clean Duro Pine-Sol Formula 409 Texize Spring Scent Handy Andy Top Job Lysol Cleaner White Magic

10 I I

Glass Cleaners Commonly mixtures of alchol and water. Some have a little syndet, abrasives, alkali, dye , ammonia, perfum e -- either singly or in combination.

Aerosols Liquids Powders Creams

Ajax Aeromist A-Penn Bon Ami Bon Ami Jet Ajax Bon Ami Glass Wax Charm House A-Penn Windogleem Gold Seal Easy-Off Charm House (cloth) Wilbert Glass Wax Easy-Off Wizard Modern Living Firestone Peg Maid of Honor Penn Champ O-Cedar Sage Speedup Sea Mist Sprayway W ind ex Windex-Ammonia D

Metal Cleaners CAUTION: Cleaners that remove tarnish and corrosion are usually acidic, many are poisonous. All should be used according to directions and with special care to avoid accident in use, or because of careless storage.

For Aluminum & Steel and or Chrome For Silver For Copper

Alumi Glo Bekin Metal Polish* Bekin Metal Polish* Bekin Metal Polish* Charm House Bras so Cameo Instant Dip* Cameo Maid-Easy* International* Copper Glo Mel-Ezy* Silvo* Maid-Easy* Nu-Life Tarni -Shield* Sa mae* Samae* Twinkle Tw inkle Silicone 242 Emulsion* Wright's Cream Sunbeam Metal Klean*

*Li uids

Oven Cleaners

Alkaline-based products to remove encrusted grease. Contain a thickener that clings to the surface, caustic to loos e n grease, food; water to e nhance caustic action, an odorant for aesthetic reasons, and if an a erosol, the propellant to dispe nse the product from the container. Most of them are poisonous and have unpleasant odors. Precautions: Have good ventilation when using it. Protect hands, clothing, floor coverings and finishes .

11 Liquid or Spread on Aerosol Household ammonias Crystalline - wa t e r (leave in ov e n) Bissell's Easy -Off Charm House Glamorene Dig I. G .A. Dow Little Bo Peep Durlac Magic Mist Easy-Off Marvel Glamorene Oven-Aid Hep Oven Magic Lov-It Oven-Speed Parson's Clear Parson's Det ergent Reefer-Galler' s Oven Cleaner Sa mae Top co Vapor-Brite

Oven Protectors

Sprayed on a clean oven to leave a non-flammable, invisible film. Prevents grease and food from sticking so oven burned-on food can be sponged off with suds:

Devcon Oven-Gard Reefer-Galler Oven Coat

Rust Removers

Acids that remove rust and other hard-to-remove soil s hould be used and stored very carefully to avoid poisoning.

Li uids Pastes

Por-So-Kleen At Ease SSS-t Rust Remover Gartside's Iron Rust Soap Whink Kapex Off

12 Soaps

UN BUILT BUILT For light soils. Identifie d on the For h e avy duty cle aning. Most contain package by t e rms suc h as "pure " "special builders" to he lp them remove "mild " "n e utral " or "fine fabric." soil quickly, increase sudsing, and h e lp to soften water. Identified by instructions mentioning use for heavily soiled fabric s or surface s . BARS GRANUlAR BARS G RANU IAR

Ivory Chiffon Flake s Blue Barre l American Family Ki rkman Ivory Flake s Fels Naphtha Cul Swan Ivory Snow P & G Duz Kirkman Flake s Instant Fels Lu:x; Flakes Rinso White Nola Flakes Soapine Swan Magic W asher White King.

Scouring Powders

Abrasiv e t o remove dirt, grease , stains from ha rd surfaces by a combination of che mical and me chanical a ction. Va ry in degree of abrasiveness from fine to c oars e . Some con­ tain det ergents for dirt removal a nd greas e dis persion, alkaline builders to bre ak down grea s e and oils , and ; or an acid t o remove iron rust, blea c h t o remove stains , perfume and p erhaps coloring matter .

Unbuilt, Fine Built With Bleach W ith Acid Bon Am i Ajax* Delete Iron Ox ide Bab - o+ Zud Ro ttenstone Babbitt's Whiting Bon Ami (with g erm i ci de+) Comet * Duro* Dutch Cleanser* Top co* White Magic* + Non-chlorine * chl orine

13 Synthetic Detergents ( Syndets) UN BUILT BUILT For fine laundering & light soils For family laundry & heavy soils Intended for lightly soiled article s, Suited for gene ral laundry and heavily These are sudsy products. Many s o iled articles . Most contain special contain fluorescent dye brighteners agents for gre ater cleaning, t o prot ect (optical bleaches). the was her from corrosi on, and bright­ eners for white s and colors . Identified by such phras e s as: "not a soap" "replaces soap," "never forms hard­ wat er scum ." No rmal Suds (Not recommended for tumbler-type washer or combination was he r--dryers) Drv Liquid Dry Liquid

Dr eft Bridget Ajax Dynamo Shina-Dish Broca de American Family Sun Swerl Capri Armour Suds Tex Texy Chiffon Bi g T Wisk Tre nd Coral Breeze Vel Crystal White Cheer Dreft Fab Dove Fe lso Duro Gain E-Z Time I.G .A. Gayla Kenmore Gentle Fels Kirkman Blue Glim OPS I. G .A. Oxydol Joy Parade Lux Premium Duz Octagon Quik-Solv Robin Rinso Blue Scampe r Silve r Dust Blue Shina Dish Supersuds Suds Time Su-Purb Sw an Sruf Texy Tide Thrill Topco Topco White King "D" Trend W hite Magic True Low Suds Vel Dry Liq uid Tablets White King Active All Cold Power Quick-Solv AD Cold Wat er Salvo Ajax All Vim Big T Hum I Dash Felsmatic Fluffy All Fun Low Foam Spin Dissolvable Package All Disc Mighty - Mix Sw erl Tide

14 Toilet Bowl Cleaners Upholstery Cleaners Special chemical formula to remove Some are water-based; others are solvent­ hardwater and crust, iron-based stains, based. Avoid wetting padding. Try in an organic rna tter, and germs from vitreous inconspicuous place to test effect on china toilet bowls. Will damage other fabric color. It is difficult to do home surfaces. Caution: Never mix with cleaning on white or very light colors, chlorine bleach or products containing velvets and some flat fabrics, such as chlorine. Gases formed from mixed damask. Do not use solvents on up­ chemicals are odorless and deadly. holstery over foam rubber padding -- tend Carefully read bowl cleaner labels and to soften and blister foam rubber. follow directions.

Bowlene Bissell - aerosol Sani Flush (dry & liquid) Carbona Upholstery cleaner SnoBol Charm House Vanish Fiber Fresh Glamorene - brush Stave Carpet & Upholstery Stain Remover - ( 4 different formulas, according to s tai n to be re­ moved)

Wall Cleaners Follow manufacturer• s directions and cautions when using commercial cleaners. Most are water-alkaline-based, but some are solvent-based. Have room well ventilated when using solvents. Avoid inhaling fumes as much as possible.

Painted Wall Cleaners: Varnished Woodwork: Oil or varnish base, latex* base, emulsified resin: Do-X Fels Household Cleaners Dirt ex Oakite Lestoil Do-X 0 'Cedar Cream Murphy's Oil Soap Instant Sani Wax Soilax Soil-off Jnhnson•s Jubilee Soil-Off Soilax Lestoil Spic & Span Spic & Span Stanley E-Z Cleaner

Vinyl plastic, Ceramic Tile: *Allow fresh latex paint two weeks All before cleaning Calgon Cam Kleen Paper Cleaners:

For Water-resistant: For Water-sensitive I papers: : papers:

Absorene Absorene Climax Climax Royal Wall Wall-Brite Wall-Brite Mary gold Marygold Walvet

}5 Water Softeners and Conditioners

Usually q uite alkaline. Thorough Because conditioners are almost rinsing ne ce ssary to auoid damage neutral, they are as safe to use to surface. Avoid exce ssive amounts on any surface as w ater. Often in water. Follow dire ctions on the serve as a cleaner. Follow directions: package. Blue Dew Melo Calgon Spring Rain Borax Oakite Miracle White Tex Borate e m Raindrops New Oakite Tidy House Climale ne Sal Soda Noctil White King Kitchen Klatter Softo Phosphotex

--SAFETY FIRST!------

Probably the most important point that can be made about any kind of cleaning agent - the old standbys or the more modern che mic al c oncoctions - is that they are poisonous. How ever, not all household c he mi c als are poison. Some are potential poisons if they are misused or if children or ill-equipped persons handle them.

Always play safe. It is important to fol­ low s ensible safety precautions at all times.

Safety Rule 1: Be sure to read and follow directions on all packages and con­ tainers. Note and observe any warnings and spe cial precautions for substances labeled as "Hazardous." Law s are in effect which require truly poisonous substance s to be so labeled and the antidote given, but following the required precautions is the responsibility of the use r. Ev e n products which are harm­ l e ss when used for the intended purpose may cause t rouble when misused. Toxicity isn't the only haz ard . Many cleaners are flam­ mable; and aerosols can explode if overheated or punctured.

Safety Rule 2: Don't mi x household clean­ ers. Products that are useful and safe to use alone can have disastrous effe cts when they are combined with other che mi cals . Cleaning ingredients a re s elected for specific cleaning tasks and general cleaning. Mixing is use­ l e ss and unnecessary . By mixing, the i r cle ansing power can be de stroyed and they can be com e health hazards.

16 It is never advisable to mix two or more specialty products -- such as bleaching solu­ tions, toilet bowl cleaners, rust removers, oven cleaners, and the like -- because such chemical mixtures form gases that are highly irritating, can cause serious injury and even death.

For example, chlorine bleach, or a clean­ ing product containing it, combined with a toilet bowl cleaner, an ammonia or other alkali substance, forms deadly gases. You may not even be aware of the presence of the gas, since it may be odorless, colorless and, alas, quick acting. Some poisons are absorbed through the skin into the blood­ stream; or have anesthetic results when inhaled to affect organic tissues of the kid­ neys, liver and heart.

Safety Rule 3: Never place or store household chemicals and cleaners within the reach of young children or pets.

Out of sight, out of mind. Household articles that are used daily and are not kept under lock and key - bleach, furniture polishes, syndets, etc. - should be hidden -===~~~~1!~~==~ so that a child or pet cannot find them. After ;:,;. each usage, such poisonous materials should be returned to their hiding places . Remember the one-year-old who crawls into the storage cabinet under the kitchen sink accounts for 3 7% of the poisoning cases.* Officials note a direct relationship between accessibility to dangerous products and poisoning cases. Therefore, put the canned fruits and vege­ tables in the cabinet under the sink and cleaning agents of all kinds on the high shelf where you now keep canned goods.

Safety Rule 4: Observe that some clean­ ers and containers are sensitive to heat and need to be stored accordingly. Aerosol cans should never be punctured or tossed into a fire.

Safety Rule 5: Beware of dumping poten­ tially poisonous materials from their original containers.

*Source: Johnson & Johnson's "Poison Proof­ ing Your Home."

17 Safety Rule 6: Screw bottle tops and caps on tightly. It may be a bit harder w open later I but the result will be worth the effort.

Safety Rule 7: Don't leave a child alone when you are working with poisons. Should the phone ring when you are using ammonia I lye, and the like I make sure that Junior is in sight while you are answering the phone.

Safety Rule 8: Thoroughly wash utensils that have been used for cleaning. Include cups and spoons used in measuring.

Safety Rule 9: Dispose of empty con­ tainers immediately by destroying them or by placing in waste receptacles inacces­ sible to children. Don't allow children to play with empty containers. There may be just enough chemical left in them to cause trouble .

Safety Rule 10: Don't hold a spray or aerosol near or toward your face. Guard against excessive skin or inhalation expo­ sure to poisons. Avoid food contamination by covering exposed foods I food utensils and food preparation sites.

If I inspite of all precautions, someone is poisoned there are some important steps to follow. Study the chart on the back page of this circular to familiarize yours e lf with the basic proceedings.

-STORAGE OF CLEANING SUPPLIES------

Adequate storage I in addition to the points of safety I where supplie s and tools a re handily accessible is an important key to easier 1 modern cleaning. No one arrangement fits the needs of all families and situations.

A cleaning closet for equipment and supplies that are used in all parts of the hous e for general cleaning should be centrally located. In a two-story house 1 duplicate sets of certain items on each floor save time and energy in the daily routine of caring for the house. Even in a one-story house 1 some supplies ordinarily kept in the kitchen could be duplicated in the bathroom to make cleaning far easier 1 more efficient.

Shelves for cleaning supplies should be relatively shallow to allow packa ges and bottles to be placed so that nothing is stored in front of any of them. C learance de­ pends on the size and weight of the item being stored. Allow one or two i nches be ­ tween pieces of equipment and two inches abov e and below tools that hang on the w a ll.

18 Wet mops and mops containing oil or wax should be hung so that they do not touch the floor, to allow them to dry and to allow circulation of air. Adjustable shelves make it easy to change them when necessary.

Keep closet well organized and supplies easily accessible -- but also safely beyond the reach of those wm should not be using or into them. Safe use and storage are prime considerations when choosing a cleane r.

SUMMARY

Today a modern homemaker can avoid much of the confusion of house cleaning by taking advantage of the multitude of cleaning aids that have been developed by skilled scientists to save time and effort. The solution to almost any household cleaning may be found on the shelves of cleaning products in the local supermarket or drug stores.

An intelligent selection of the modern cleaning products to suit individual needs can be made only if you read labels and examine the products carefully. Then the product should be given a trial run to determine its value to you.

Prepared commercial cleaners are available in powders, creams, pastes and liquids. Examine each of them in terms of convenience, desired results, safety and cost.

Does the product need further diluting, mixing, or additional preparation? Is it easy to measure, dissolve, or apply?

What kinds of warnings and precautions are given on the label?

Are special equipment, time and energy necessary to use the product? Will it do more than one job? Is the container easy to hold, use and store?

Compare the price and weight of small packages of a product with the large package. Balance the amount, frequency of use and storage facilities available with money saved if you buy a large package.

But remember, these wondrous chemcial aids can't do everything! The never-ending household cleaning jobs can be made easier and you can do them quite efficiently with them, but those jobs can't be eliminated. The chemical cleaner will do a good job only if vou choose the right kind for the purpose and use it correctly -- and safely.

19 American Druggist COUNTERDOSES For The Home EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS DO THIS FIRST • Send for a doctor- immediately. e And do not induce vomiting if pa· Record these numbers here, in ~ • Keep the patient warm. tient is having convulsions. your telephone directory and on Acids . 18 • Determine if patient has taken any memorandum you keep near Bichloride of Mercury • 6 (J) A POISON To Find the (orred Counterdose your telephone . Camphor · 1 (2) AN OVEitDOSf • In one of the lists printed •at left, find substance causing the trouble. DO IT RIGHT NOWl Carbon Monoxide · 16 • While waiting for physician, give appropriate counterdose below. When you need them you won't Chlorine Bleach . 8 • Next to that substance is a number. • But do not force any liquids on the This refers to counterdose bearing have time to hunt them! Disinfectant patient- if he is unconscious. some number in the section below. with chlorine • 8 with carbolic acid · 12 Keep all poisons and medicines out ol reaclt ol cltildren food Poisoning · 11 Your own doctor Furniture Polish • 17 Gasoline, Kerosene • 17 Induce vomiting with on • Give ')loss of milk. or • Induce vomiting. (See #I) An alternate doctor Household Ammonia· 10 emetic suc h as give "universal antidote" • Give 2 tablespoons epsom (obtain from d rug store soft in 2 glosses of water. Insect & Rat Poisons • Finger in throat. or and keep on hond ol home) • Then give Iorge quantities Nearest hospital with arsenic · 2 Tablespoon of mustard in half g loss of water, or • Induce vomiting . (S e e # I I of hot coffee or strong teo with sodium fluoride· 14 (instant or regular) . with phosphorus · S • Syrup of i pecac, or Poison Control Center with DDT· 11 • Solr & warm water. with strychnine · 1 S Public Health Dept. Iodine Tincture · 4 • G ive 2 ozs th ick starch • Induce vomiting . (Se e #I I Give gloss o f milk or Lye· 10 posle. M ix cornstarch (or • Then give 4 o z mineral o il. universal antidote. (See #2) flour) with woter. Induce vomiting . (See # I) Pharmacist . Mushrooms · 11 Po si tively do NOT give • Then give 2 ozs soft in vegetable or a nimal o il. • 1 ounce of epsom salts in Oil of Wintergreen · 9 quart of worm w ater. Drink • 4 o z hydrogen pe•oxi de. 0 p int or water. until vomit fluid is clear. Nearest relative Pine Oil· 17 • 1 tablespOon sod ium bicarb Rubbing Alcohol · 9 • Finally. give gloss of milk. in quart of w orm water. Turpentine · 17 Ambulance service Washing Soda · 10 In duce vomiting . (See #I I • Give o gloss of milk. • Give o gloss o f milk. Give 2 teaspoons of • Hot co ffee or st rong teo • Induce vomiting. (See # I) Police Dept. sodium bicarb in o gloss plus white of row egg. • Tablespoon sodium b icarb ~ of worm water. in quart of w orm water. Fire Dept. • G ive 2 ta blespoo ns vinegar • Induce vomiting . (S e e #I) • Ind uce vomiting. (Se e # I) Alcohol · 9 in 2 g losse s of w ate r . G ive 2 tablespoons epsom • Then give 2 ounces of ********************************* Aspirin · 9 • G ive w hite of 2 row eggs salt in 2 glosses ol water. castor oil . Circular prepared by Mrs. Clara N. Barbiturates · 3 or 2 ounces o f o live oil. • Next give gloss of milk or Leopold, State Extension Specialist, • Do NOT induce vomi ting! Belladonna . 1 S w hites ol 2 row egg s. University of Nebraska Extension Serv­ Bromides · 11 ice, C allege of Agriculture, Lincoln. Codeine · 13 Give gloss of milk o r • Give 2 tablespoons o f milk G ive gloss of milk o r universa l onridote. (S ee # 2) of magnesia . uni ve rs al onrid o te . (See # 2) Chart for Counte rdoses courtesy of Headache & Cold Compounds · 9 2 tablespoons ep so m sa lt • Give gloss of milk. • lnouce vomir ing . (Se e # I ) American Druggist Magazine. in 2 glo ss es o f water. • Induce vomiting. (See #1) • G ive artificial respiration Iron Compounds · 7 Keep patient o wo ke . • Keep patient quiet . Morphine, Opium · 13 ********************************* Paregoric · 13 Corry vi c tim into fresh a ir . • Give w ater or milk. • Give 1 oz milk o f magnesia 'Pep' Medicines · 2 • Make patient lie down. • Give 2 oz vegetable oil . in Iorge quantity of water. Sleeping Medicines · 3 Hot collee or strong teo . • Do NOT induce vomiting. • Do NOT induce vomiting !

Seal this chart inside medi cine cabinet door for quick reference.