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Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Advanced Greenhouse HorticultureAdvanced • Athanasios Koukounaras Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Edited by Athanasios Koukounaras Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Horticulturae www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Editor Athanasios Koukounaras MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Athanasios Koukounaras Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae/special issues/greenhouse hort). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-0350-9 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-0351-6 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Athanasios Koukounaras. © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Athanasios Koukounaras Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2021, 7, 1, doi:10.3390/horticulturae7010001 ............. 1 Georgios K. Ntinas, Kalliopi Kadoglidou, Nektaria Tsivelika, Konstantinos Krommydas, Apostolos Kalivas, Parthenopi Ralli and Maria Irakli Performance and Hydroponic Tomato Crop Quality Characteristics in a Novel Greenhouse Using Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Technology for Covering Material Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 42, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5020042 ............ 7 Angeliki Elvanidi, Nikolaos Katsoulas and Constantinos Kittas Automation for Water and Nitrogen Deficit Stress Detection in Soilless Tomato Crops Based on Spectral Indi Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 47, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040047 ............ 23 Taylor Mills-Ibibofori, Bruce L. Dunn, Niels Maness and Mark Payton Effect of LED Lighting and Gibberellic Acid Supplementation on Potted Ornamentals Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 51, doi:horticulturae5030051 ................. 39 Ignasi Riera-Vila, Neil O. Anderson, Claire Flavin Hodge and Mary Rogers Anaerobically-Digested Brewery Wastewater as a Nutrient Solution for Substrate-Based Food Production Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 43, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5020043 ............ 49 Taylor Mills-Ibibofori, Bruce Dunn, Niels Maness and Mark Payton Use of Diatomaceous Earth as a Silica Supplement on Potted Ornamentals Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 21, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5010021 ............ 61 Georgios Nikolaou, Damianos Neocleous, Nikolaos Katsoulas and Constantinos Kittas Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 7, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5010007 ............. 73 Lan Huang and Mengmeng Gu Effects of Biochar on Container Substrate Properties and Growth of Plants—A Review Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 14, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5010014 ............ 93 Beatrix W. Alsanius, Maria Karlsson, Anna Karin Rosberg, Martine Dorais, Most Tahera Naznin, Sammar Khalil and Karl-Johan Bergstrand Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant–Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems—A Review Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 41, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5020041 ............119 Nadezhda A. Golubkina, Timofey M. Seredin, Marina S. Antoshkina, Olga V. Kosheleva, Gabriel C. Teliban and Gianluca Caruso Yield, Quality, Antioxidants and Elemental Composition of New Leek Cultivars under Organic or Conventional Systems in a Greenhouse Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 39, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040039 ............143 v Qiansheng Li, Xiaoqiang Li, Bin Tang and Mengmeng Gu Growth Responses and Root Characteristics of Lettuce Grown in Aeroponics, Hydroponics, and Substrate Culture Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2018, 4, 35, doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040035 ............161 Filippos Bantis, Athanasios Koukounaras, Anastasios Siomos, Georgios Menexes, Christodoulos Dangitsis and Damianos Kintzonidis Assessing Quantitative Criteria for Characterization of Quality Categories for Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 16, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5010016 ............171 Marta Guarise, Gigliola Borgonovo, Angela Bassoli and Antonio Ferrante Evaluation of Two Wild Populations of Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.) as a Potential Leafy Vegetable Reprinted from: Horticulturae 2019, 5, 13, doi:10.3390/horticulturae5010013 ............181 vi About the Editor Athanasios Koukounaras is an Assistant Professor in the Lab of Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture and Viticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. He is specialized in issues related to plant physiology, vegetables production, nutritional quality and postharvest handling. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals in the fields of agriculture and environment, horticulture and biotechnology, to date, and he has participated in several national and EU research projects. vii horticulturae Editorial Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices Athanasios Koukounaras School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] Received: 19 December 2020; Accepted: 22 December 2020; Published: 24 December 2020 Abstract: Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation. Keywords: soilless culture; light; protected cultivation; vegetables; ornamental 1. Introduction Horticulture is characterized by a wide range of cultivation systems (i.e., open field, soilless, protected, greenhouse, organic, indoor) and a plethora of fruit, vegetable and ornamental species. Among these, greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, focusing on the production of high-value products. Control of environmental parameters (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of high-tech systems (hydroponic, automation, etc.) provide opportunities for higher yields, earliness, stability of production and better quality. The value of the global greenhouse horticulture market for 2019 was 30 billion US dollars and it has been projected to increase annually around 9% for the next five years [1]. Increasing demand for greenhouse horticultural crops could be explained by the growth of the world population as well as adaptation to negative environmental impacts of future water availability and climate change scenarios. Climate change especially could have a significant effect on greenhouse horticulture since the environmental parameters inside greenhouses are dependent on outside conditions such as temperature and solar radiation. On the other hand, the use of high inputs without suitable management could have Horticulturae 2021, 7, 1; doi:10.3390/horticulturae7010001 www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae 1 Horticulturae 2021, 7,1 negative environmental impacts.
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