N Á R O D O P I S N Á 5/25/2019017 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 5/2019 – AUTHORS OF STUDIES: Doc. PhDr. Daniel DRÁPALA, Ph.D., studied ethnology and history at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno, where he works at the Department of European Ethnology. Between 1999 and 2007 he worked at the Wallachian Open-Air Museum in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm. He focusses on traditional forms of nutrition, local and regional identity, customary traditions, and intangible cultural heritage. Contact: [email protected] Mgr. et Mgr. Oto POLOUČEK, Ph.D., graduated in ethnology from the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno, and in oral history – contemporary history from the Faculty of Humanities, Charles University. He is presently working as a lecturer at the Department of European Ethnology at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University. He focusses mainly on twentieth-century transformations in the countryside and their influence on contemporary problems, the social atmosphere, and the identity of rural residents. Contact: [email protected] Mgr. Michal PAVLÁSEK, Ph.D., works at the Brno branch of the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. He also gives lectures at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno. He is a co-founder of the Anthropictures z.s. research studio. In addition to research on Czech expatriates living in eastern and south-eastern Europe, he also focusses on current migration and refugee issues, memory politics, and social marginalization. He also approaches these phenomena through ethnographic movies and documentaries. Contact: [email protected] PhDr. Martin ŠIMŠA, Ph.D., studied ethnology and history at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno. He is director of the National Institute of Folk Culture in Strážnice. He focusses mainly on the comparative study of folk dress in the Czech lands and in Central Europe. His research is based on the analysis of the relationship between folk and historical clothing, the study of clothing constructions, and iconographical sources. Contact: [email protected] Doc. Petr JANEČEK, Ph.D., works at the Department of Ethnology at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, and as an external lecturer at the Department of European Ethnology at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno, and at the Department of Anthropology at the Faculty of Arts, University of West Bohemia in Plzeň. His academic interests mainly include prosaic folklore; the theory, methodology, and history of prosaic folkloristics and European ethnology; and theoretical aspects of intangible cultural heritage. He is presently dealing with contemporary legends and rumours, anecdotes and jokes, and inscriptions and internet folklore. Contact: [email protected] N Á R O D O P I S N Á 5/25/2019017 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY CONTENTS Studies The Worker for the Peasant, the Peasant for the Worker: the Transformation of Harvest Festival from a Traditional Folk Feast into a Tool of the Politics of Normalization in Czechoslovakia (Daniel Drápala) 3 Dance Parties and the Symbolic Construction of Communities in the Era of Late Socialism in Czechoslovakia (Oto Polouček) 18 “Do Not Allow History and Memory to Be Forgotten!” Re-emigrants from Yugoslavia as a Memory Community of an Alternative Collective Memory (Michal Pavlásek) 29 Tailor’s Guilds and Their Influence on the Formation of Women’s Rural Dress in Central Europe in Early Modern Times (Martin Šimša) 41 Czech Prosaic Folkloristics after 2000: Between Continuity and Revitalization (Petr Janeček) 66 Reports The List of Intangible Elements of Traditional Folk Culture in the Czech Republic (Jarmila Teturová) 74 On Creating Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in Slovakia: the State of the Art in 2019 (Ľubica Voľanská) 80 Blueprinting’s Path to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (Martin Sítek) 86 Reviews S. Brouček et al.: Česká republika a diaspora: Co bylo a co bude? [The Czech Republic and Diaspora: What Was and What Will Be?] (Naďa Valášková) 88 J. Nosková (ed.): „Proč to vyprávím?” První polovina 20. století v písemných vzpomínkách německých obyvatel Brna / „Warum erzähle ich das?” Die erste Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts in schriftlichen Erinnerungen deutscher Bewohner Brünns [“Why Am I Narrating That?” The First Half of the 20th Century in Written Recollections of the Ethnic German Inhabitants of Brno] (Tomáš Dvořák) 89 B. Půtová (ed.): Identity, Tradition, and Revitalization of American Indian Cultures (Jana Kopelent Rehak) 91 Z. Panczová: Konšpiračné teórie: témy, historické kontexty a argumentačné stratégie [Conspiracy Theories: Themes, Historical Contexts, and Argumentation Strategies] (Eva Šipöczová) 92 M. Botiková – M. Válka et al.: Ethnology for the 21st Century: Bases and Prospects (Eva Chovancová) 93 P. Janeček: Mýtus o pérákovi. Městská legenda mezi folklorem a populární kulturou [The Myth of the Spring Man: An Urban Legend between Folklore and Popular Culture] (Martina Pavlicová) 94 Editorial 96 THE WORKER FOR THE PEASANT, THE PEASANT FOR THE WORKER: THE TRANSFORMATION OF HARVEST FESTIVAL FROM A TRADITIONAL FOLK FEAST INTO A TOOL OF THE POLITICS OF NORMALIZATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA Daniel Drápala (Department of European Ethnology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno) The topics that Czech regional and national periodi- celebrations of the Day of Miners (then the Day of Miners cals addressed regularly in late August and early Sep- and Power Engineers, 9 September), the Day of Czecho- tember in the 1970s permanently included news about slovak Railway Workers (27 September), the Day of the the preparation and holding of organized harvest festi- Czechoslovak People’s Army (6 October), and the Day vals. They were held at the district, regional, national, and of Construction Workers (14 July). There is, however, an state-wide levels in different places in the former Czecho- obvious difference between these celebrations and har- slovakia. The importance that state and Communist Party vest festival; this consists in the origin and historical root- authorities attributed to them remained almost identical edness of harvest festival as a folk festivity, which had despite differences in venue and geographical scope. its constant place in the customary calendar cycle of the The incorporation of the harvest festival into pro- medieval countryside (Večerková 2015: 289-299). regime festivities was in no way a revolutionary novelty In this context, legitimate research questions arise in the 1970s. However, we can see an innovative ele- and are aimed at identifying changes in the form and ment in the functions that were newly attached to it, as content of the “socialist” harvest festival as compared the harvest festival was transformed into a multi-genre to its historical predecessors, and also at determining collective celebration of the end of the corn-harvest sea- how its nature and form were interpreted in reaction to son with the aim to promote the successes of the eco- meeting social and ideological needs during the era of nomic policy of agricultural mass production (e.g. Oslava normalization. Because harvest festival was, as a matter úrody… 1974: 1; Jubilejní… 1974: 3). District, regional, of principal, always associated with the peasantry, that and national harvest festivals, which were carefully is, with the rural environment, other questions that arise planned over a long period, became mass events that in include to what extent its modern form drew from the terms of content exceeded the original nature of harvest concept of a profession-specific festival, or whether its merrymaking, which earlier had been formed by tradition. form and applied formal tools reflected a wider outlined All state power structures that existing in the twentieth interpretation of the countryside’s image as a peculiar century, despite the nature of the regime involved, ex- socio-geographical space. ploited public festivals with a high number of participants The following text tries to answer the defined re- (Hájková – Horák – Kessler – Michela 2018; Keller 2003: search questions primarily by analysing materials result- 80). After 1948, the Communist apparatus succeeded in ing from the activities of harvest festival organizational working with this propaganda tool in a very ingenious and bodies at different levels, which allows us to take at least effective way, and it enriched the calendar of public festiv- a partial look into the “heart” of the system and to ob- ities with many new dates and occasions in comparison serve to what extent the ideological role could be imple- with the past. While celebrating Victorious February, May mented in concrete situations, or whether this role had Day, or the Great October Socialist Revolution remained to be regulated, corrected, or reduced. Mass media as intrinsically linked to key historical moments on the hu- an important and very effective propaganda tool played man community’s path to communism (Ratajová 2000; the key role in building the image of harvest festivals. Krakovský 2004), celebrating the harvest fell somewhat For this reason, it is necessary to observe even this line outside the boundaries of this idea. Being primarily an- of official interpretation and how it was presented in the chored in a clearly defined professional group (agricultur- state-wide press (Rudé právo [The Red Truth]), agricul- al workers), harvest festival was closer to the organized tural newspapers (Ministry of Agriculture and Nutrition 3 for Zemědělské noviny [Agricultural Newspaper]), and treated (Roth, 2008: 22-23). These trends are based on regional publications. the natural human need to experience festive moments Hitherto studies on public festivities exploited by (as opposed to everyday life and work) and to increase state authorities in several European states and regions their social potential by enriching them with ritualized (e.g. Roth 2008; Barna 2017) substantiate to what ex- acts. These are an effective tool of power, and they tent identical strategies permeate the power elites’ ac- contribute to the legitimization of regimes (Barna 2017: tivates despite diverse local and ideological specifics.