Faith and Doubt As Partners in Mormon History

Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Arrington Annual Lecture Leonard J. Arrington Mormon History Lectures 12-16-2013 Faith and Doubt as Partners in Mormon History Gregory A. Prince Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/arrington_lecture Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Prince, Gregory A., "Faith and Doubt as Partners in Mormon History" (2013). 19th annual Arrington Lecture. This Lecture is brought to you for free and open access by the Leonard J. Arrington Mormon History Lectures at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arrington Annual Lecture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LEONARD J. ARRINGTON MORMON HISTORY LECTURE SERIES No. 19 FAITH AND DOUBT AS PARTNERS IN MORMON HISTORY by Gregory A. Prince Sponsored by Special Collections & Archives Merrill-Cazier Library Utah State University Logan, Utah 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 1 12/16/13 10:49 AM ARRINGTON LECTURE SERIES BOARD OF DIRECTORS F. Ross Peterson, Chair Gary Anderson Susan Madsen Jonathan Bullen Richard “Skip” Christenson Bradford Cole Wayne Dymock Kenneth W. Godfrey Sarah Barringer Gordon Philip Barlow Copyright © 2014 Gregory Prince ISBN 978-0-87421-957-9 (paper) ISBN 978-0-87421-958-6 (e-book) Utah State University Press Logan 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 2 12/16/13 10:49 AM Foreword F. Ross Peterson The establishment of a lecture series honoring a library’s special collections and a donor to that collection is unique. Utah State University’s Merrill-Cazier Library houses the personal and historical collection of Leonard J. Arrington, a renowned scholar of the American West. As part of Arrington’s gift to the university, he requested that the university’s historical collection become the focus for an annual lecture on an aspect of Mormon history. Utah State agreed to the request and in 1995 inaugu- rated the annual Leonard J. Arrington Mormon History Lecture. Utah State University’s Special Collections and Archives is ideally suited as the host for the lecture series. The state’s land grant university began collecting records very early, and in the 1960s became a major depository for Utah and Mormon records. Leonard and his wife Grace joined the USU faculty and family in 1946, and the Arringtons and their colleagues worked to collect original diaries, journals, letters, and photographs. Although trained as an economist at the University of North Carolina, Arrington became a Mormon historian of international repute. Working with numerous colleagues, the Twin Falls, Idaho, native produced the classic Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints in 1958. Utilizing available collections at USU, Arrington embarked on a prolific publishing and editing career. He and his close ally, Dr. S. George Ellsworth, helped organize the Western History Association, and they created the Western Historical Quarterly as the scholarly voice of the WHA. While serving with Ellsworth as editor of the new journal, Arrington also helped both the Mormon History Association and the independent journal Dialogue get established. One of Arrington’s great talents was to encourage and inspire other scholars or writers. While he worked on biographies or institutional iii 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 3 12/16/13 10:49 AM iv Arrington Mormon History Lecture histories, he employed many young scholars as researchers. He fos- tered many careers as well as arranged for the publication of numerous books and articles. In 1972, Arrington accepted appointments as the official historian of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Lemuel Redd Chair of Western History at Brigham Young University. More and more Arrington focused on Mormon, rather than economic, historical top- ics. His own career flourished with the publication of The Mormon Experience, coauthored with Davis Bitton, and American Moses: A Biography of Brigham Young. He and his staff produced many research papers and position papers for the LDS Church as well. Nevertheless, tension developed over the historical process, and Arrington chose to move full time to BYU with his entire staff. The Joseph Fielding Smith Institute of History was established, and Leonard continued to mentor new scholars as well as publish biographies. He also produced a very sig- nificant two-volume study, The History of Idaho. After Grace Arrington passed away, Leonard married Harriet Horne of Salt Lake City. They made the decision to deposit the vast Arrington collection of research documents, letters, files, books, and journals at Utah State University. The Leonard J. Arrington Historical Archives is part of the university’s Special Collections. The Arrington Lecture Committee works with Special Collections to sponsor the annual lecture. 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 4 12/16/13 10:49 AM About the Author Gregory A. Prince received an associate degree at Dixie College (1967) and two graduate degrees at UCLA (DDS, 1973; PhD, Pathology, 1975) prior to moving to Maryland for a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institutes of Health. His four-decade career in medical research focused on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide. He pioneered the prevention of RSV disease in high-risk infants through the use of genetically engineered antibodies, an approach that is now the standard of care in the form of Synagis®. He is CEO and cofounder of Virion Systems, Inc., a bio- technology corporation. His avocation as a consumer and then producer of Mormon history spans the same four decades. His overall record of publications includes over one hundred and fifty scientific papers; three United States patents; twenty articles, chapters and book reviews in the field of Mormon studies; and two books: Power from On High: The Development of Mormon Priesthood (1995) and David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism (2005). His current project is a biography of Leonard J. Arrington. He and his wife of forty years, JaLynn Rasmussen, are the parents of three children. He and JaLynn cofounded the Madison House Autism Foundation, named after their youngest child, to address the lifelong needs of adults with autism. v 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 5 12/16/13 10:49 AM 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 6 12/16/13 10:49 AM Faith and Doubt as Partners in Mormon History When Leonard gave the first of these lectures in 1995 he used the title, “Faith and Intellect as Partners in Mormon History.” With full attribu- tion to him, I have given my lecture a title differing from his by only one word: “Faith and Doubt as Partners in Mormon History.” Faith and doubt are two sides of the same coin, the interplay between the two is essential to a complete religious life, and scholars are uniquely qualified to leverage the inherent value of doubt. When they succeed, their articles and books don’t add bricks to existing paradigms; they change those paradigms, thereby becoming agents in Mormonism’s foundational tenet: “continuing revelation.” Leonard grew up on a farm in Twin Falls, Idaho, isolated enough from the world that when he arrived in the Big City—Moscow, Idaho—to begin college at the University of Idaho, he encountered three total nov- elties: milkshakes, Coca Cola, and intellectual struggle. (I listed those in random order.) His intellectual innocence was challenged during the first semester. The class was biology; the subject was biological evolution. Although the LDS Church did not—and still does not—have an official, doctri- nal position on evolution, influential church authorities who sat at high levels were unrestrained in condemning it in the strongest terms, not bothering to nuance their statements as personal opinion rather than official policy. As a result, church members, particularly in rural regions, were often of the impression that evolution was not only incorrect, but evil. Leonard was of that impression. Bombarded in his college classes by science that cast doubt on things he had been taught in church, he turned for help to George Tanner, director of the LDS Institute of Religion. Leonard recalled, He attempted to expose us to the very best religious scholarship and learning, and his superiors gave him complete freedom in determining the course of study and the most useful textbooks and readings . Above all, he wanted us to realize that deep religious faith can be perfectly consis- tent with genuine academic scholarship. His policy was one of intellectual 1 9579_Arrington#19INT.indd 1 12/16/13 10:49 AM 2 Arrington Mormon History Lecture openness, one fully supported by Elder [Joseph] Merrill and, at that time, by Elder [John] Widtsoe and the First Presidency. George was a “liberal” and not afraid to declare it. “Liberals,” he said, “are people who are not afraid to think independently, even though this thinking may lead in a little different direction from orthodox Mormon teaching.”1 Decades later, Tanner recalled their first meeting: I said, “Now Leonard, you’re not the first of our young men to come up here and get upset, and you certainly won’t be the last to come. But I want to tell you just a little bit of the way I’m looking at this thing. There are a lot of classes here at the University in which evolution will appear . There will be so many of the courses you take that evolution will simply be taken for granted, and for someone to completely try to dodge the question of evolution is just quite out of the question and can’t be done . This institution thinks that the courses being taught are good or they wouldn’t put them in. So why don’t you go ahead and study here . and when you’re through with it, you’ll be so much better pre- pared then to decide whether evolution is good than to pre-judge it .

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