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A Note About New and Rarely Recorded Taxa of the Genus Cladonia from the Arctic Island Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

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A Note About New and Rarely Recorded Taxa of the Genus Cladonia from the Arctic Island Spitsbergen (Svalbard) Vol. 74, No. 3: 243-246, 2005 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 243 A NOTE ABOUT NEW AND RARELY RECORDED TAXA OF THE GENUS CLADONIA FROM THE ARCTIC ISLAND SPITSBERGEN (SVALBARD) PIOTR OSYCZKA Department of Polar Research and Documentation Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: December 6, 2004. Accepted: January 25, 2005) ABSTRACT The paper is based on field studies dealing with the lichen genus Cladonia Hill ex P. Browne (Cladoniaceae) carried out by the author in the region of Spitsbergen in 2002 as well as taxonomical work and revision of herba- rium material, collected during several earlier Polish polar expeditions to this part of the Arctic. As the result not reported so far from the island species Cladonia stygia (Fr.) Ruoss, C. trassii Ahti, C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. have been determined. Besides, the presence of very rarely recorded taxa C. crispata var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vain., C. merochlorophaea Asahina and Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. is confirmed and their new localities are given. Furthermore, the presence of C. coccifera s.str. is also substantiated. KEY WORDS: the Arctic, Svalbard, Spitsbergen, Cladonia, lichenized fungi, lichens, taxonomy, distribution. INTRODUCTION on Svalbard. Some other taxa have been reported only from single or few localities. This could either be explai- Svalbard (74°-81° N and 10°-35° E) is the group of arctic ned by the lack of sufficient data about their occurrence or islands situated almost midway between Greenland and real rarity of these taxa in the region. It should be noted Novaya Zemlya. It consists of five large islands: Spitsber- that representatives of the genus Cladonia are often stron- gen, North-East Land (Nordaustlandet), Edge Island (Ed- gly modified by the severe climate conditions, i.e. long pe- geøya), Barents Island (Barentsøya) and Prince Charles riods of freezing temperatures, snow cover, strong wind, Foreland (Prins Karls Forland) and approximately 150 ice and mineral particle abrasion. small islands and islets divided by straits from the main group. The largest island is Spitsbergen. Nearly 60% of the land area of Svalbard is covered by glaciers (Hisdal 1985) MATERIALS AND METHODS and in the remaining polar desert and tundra areas bryo- phytes and lichens often play a dominant role. Actually, al- Field investigations were carried out by the author du- most 600 lichen species are known for this region (Elve- ring the summer of 2002 and covered several areas of west bakk and Hertel 1996). coast of Spitsbergen: Hornsund, Bellsund, Adventfjorden Species of the genus Cladonia Hill ex P. Browne are wi- (Isfjorden), Petuniabukta (Billefjorden) and Kaffiøyra despread on Svalbard, being significant components of the (Oscar II Land). Field research comprised various habitats arctic tundra. Almost 40 species of the Cladonia were re- located on plains of raised marine terraces, on nival morai- corded so far. The genus in this part of the Arctic, besides ne ridges, in valley of pronival and proglacial streams, on the lichen genera Caloplaca and Rhizocarpon, is one of the storm ridges, at bottoms and on slopes of mountain massi- richest in species (Elvebakk and Hertel 1996). Some repre- fs. In addition, specimens belonging to the genus Cladonia sentatives of the genus, such as: Cladonia amaurocraea collected during earlier Polish polar expeditions were de- (Flörke) Schaer., C. borealis S. Stenroos, C. macroceras termined or verified. These herbarium materials were ma- (Delise) Hav., C. mitis Sandst. (=C. arbuscula ssp. mitis inly gathered by M. Olech from Sørkapp Land, Hornsund (Sandst.) Ruoss), C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot, C. pyxidata and Grønfjorden (Isfjorden), by W. Gugnacka-Fiedor from (L.) Hoffm., C. rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg., are common Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land) and by F. wiês from Bellsund. 244 CLADONIA SPECIES FROM SPITSBERGEN Osyczka P. The taxa were identified using methods of classical taxo- ver, all these reports should to be treated as C. stricta s.lat. nomy supported by determination of lichen substances. and they apparently mostly refer to C. trassii. For instance, Chemical analyses were done using thin-layer chromato- the plate presented a distibution map of C. lepidota var. graphy (TLC) technique according to standardized me- stricta in Svalbard region published by Lynge (1938) assu- thods and procedures (Culberson and Kristinsson 1970; redly must be essentially a map of C. trassii. White and James 1985; Orange et al. 2001). Majority of Selected specimens examined. Spitsbergen: Sørkapp Land, storm ridge be- examined specimens has been deposited in lichenological tween Suffolkpynten and Raksodden, 8 m, August 1985, M. Olech (KRA); herbarium of the Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy Sørkapp Land, Kulmstranda, near the Lisbetelva stream, 40 m, August of Sciences in Kraków (KRAM-L). Some small collections 1985, M. Olech (KRA); Sørkapp Land, Hohenloheskardet pass, 75 m, July are present also in herbarium of the Nicolaus Copernicus 1985, M. Olech (KRA); Hornsund, NE part of Kvartsittsletta, marine terra- ce between Bratteggdalen and Wroc³awvika, 25 m, July 2002, P. Osyczka University in Toruñ (TRN) and herbarium of the Botanical 283 (KRA); Hornsund, Bratteggdalen, W bank of Myrktjörn lake, the bot- Museum of the University of Helsinki (H). tom of Gulliksenfjellet, 100 m, July 2002, P. Osyczka 286 (KRA); Horn- sund, Angellfjellet, rocky cliffs of NW slope, 220 m, July 2002, P. Osyczka 287 (H; KRA); Hornsund, valley of the Revvelva stream, 30 m, July 2002, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION P. Osyczka 282 (H; KRA); Bellsund, SW part of Lognedalen, towards N from the Logna River, 70 m, August 1988, F. wiês 2514 (H; KRA); Bellsund, NW part of Lognedalen, below SW slope of Hamarhø massif, 60 Cladonia stygia (Fr.) Ruoss (Fig. 1A) m, August 1988, F. wiês 2512 (KRA); Bellsund, W part of Lognedalen, Bot. Helv. 95: 241 (1985). towards NE from the Logna River, 60 m, August 1988, F. wiês 2511 The general range of this species extends from the arctic (KRA); Bellsund, SW part of Lognedalsflya, towards S from the Logna Ri- zone across the boreal to temperate zone as well (Ahti and ver, 70 m, August 1988, F. wiês 2513 (KRA); Bellsund, SE part of Active- Hyvönen 1985). It is a frequent but often overlooked spe- kammen, Tomtodden, the bottom of hilltop (538 m), 300 m from the seaco- cies. The species is considered to be closely related to C. ast, 20 m, August 1988, F. wiês 2519 (H; KRA); Isfjorden, Grönfjorden, Barentsburg, 200 m, June 1982, M. Olech (KRA); Kaffiøyra, the highest rangiferina due to similar chemistry, morphology and marine terrace towards W from the Waldemarbreen glacier, 100 m, July DNA sequences (Ruoss and Ahti 1989; Brodo et al. 2001; 1997, W. Gugnacka-Fiedor (TRN); Kaffiøyra, Bjørneskanka, lateral morai- Stenroos et al. 2002). These two species are often found as- ne of the Dahlbreen glacier, 50 m, July 1997, W. Gugnacka-Fiedor (TRN). sociated or mixed together. Unlike C. rangiferina, howe- ver, C. stygia has the surface and stereome at the base of Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Fig. 1C) the thallus dark brown to black and contains red or pinkish Lich. Helv. Spic. 1 (1): 31 (1823). slime in the conidiomata (Ahti and Hyvönen 1985; Brodo Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti et al. 2001). C. stygia was found on a plain of raised mari- Lichenologist 12: 126 (1980). ne terrace. It had overgrown a peaty substratum being ac- According to van Herk and Aptroot (2003), C. verticilla- companied with C. rangiferina and the moss Racomitrium ta (Hoffm.) Schaer. is a separate species in the light of re- lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. It is worth notice, that C. sty- cent taxonomical status of the Cladonia cervicornis group. gia seems to be considerably rarer than frequently occur- These authors proposed to treat the three Dutch taxa of the ring C. rangiferina. Earlier, C. stygia was recorded at group at the species level: C. cervicornis s. str., C. verticil- Bjørnøya, which is remote to the south from Spitsbergen lata (Hoffm.) Schaer. and C. pulvinata (Sandst.) van Herk (Ahti and Hyvönen 1985). and Aptroot. The first two species can be distinguished ma- Specimens examined. Spitsbergen: Hornsund, NE part of Kvartsittsletta, inly due to different characters of the basal squamules: the- near the bottom of Ceglatoppen, 35 m, July 2002, P. Osyczka 334 (H; ir colour, shape, size and orientation (van Herk and Aptro- KRA); Hornsund, S part of Kvartsittsletta, 15 m, July 2002, P. Osyczka ot 2003). In addition, C. verticillata is characterized by bo- 335 (H; KRA). reo-montane distribution while C. cervicornis has rather Cladonia trassii Ahti (Fig. 1B) a Mediterranean and subatlantic type of distribution (Nimis Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: 7 (1998). 1993; van Herk and Aptroot 2003). Cladonia verticillata After revision of Cladonia stricta (Nyl.) Nyl. (Ahti 1998) has not been reported from Svalbard until now. Its locality this taxon was divided into three species: C. stricta s. str., was found on slightly acid soil and it was associated with C. trassii Ahti, and C. uliginosa (Ahti) Ahti. All three spe- Cladonia macroceras, C. pocillum, C. pyxidata and the li- cies are typically arctic to subarctic and circumpolar. Ho- verwort Gymnomitrion coralloides Nees. wever, their precise ranges are still poorly known. Locali- Specimen examined. Spitsbergen: Hornsund, N bottom of Jahnfjellet, 220 ties of C. trassii were ascertained in many regions and va- m, July 2002, P. Osyczka 311 (KRA). rious habitats of western coast of Spitsbergen. Surely, it is a widespread lichen in the whole region of Svalbard. C. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. (Fig. 1D) trassii was often found in the communities dominated by Fl. Berol. Prodr. 361 (1787). Racomitrium lanuginosum, Deschampsia alpina (L.) Ro- After the description of the new species Cladonia borea- em. & Schult. or Festuca vivipara (L.) Smith.
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